Wikipedia yowiki https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oj%C3%BAew%C3%A9_%C3%80k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Amóhùnmáwòrán Pàtàkì Ọ̀rọ̀ Oníṣe Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe Wikipedia Ọ̀rọ̀ Wikipedia Fáìlì Ọ̀rọ̀ fáìlì MediaWiki Ọ̀rọ̀ mediaWiki Àdàkọ Ọ̀rọ̀ àdàkọ Ìrànlọ́wọ́ Ọ̀rọ̀ ìrànlọ́wọ́ Ẹ̀ka Ọ̀rọ̀ ẹ̀ka Èbúté Ọ̀rọ̀ èbúté Ìwé Ọ̀rọ̀ ìwé TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Muhammadu Buhari 0 2906 632107 628318 2026-08-19T17:58:45Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Nigeria current president}} {{Infobox officeholder |honorific_prefix = His Excellency |name = Muhammadu Buhari |image = Muhammadu Buhari - Chatham House cropped.jpg |office = [[Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]] [[Àkójọ àwọn olórí orílẹ̀-èdè ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà|7k & 15k]] |vicepresident = [[Yemi Osinbajo]] |term_start = 29 Oṣù Kàrún 2015 |term_end = |predecessor = [[Goodluck Jonathan]] |successor = |vicepresident1 = [[Tunde Idiagbon]] {{small|(Chief of Staff)}} |term_start1 = 31 Oṣù Kejìlá 1983 |term_end1 = 27 Oṣù Kẹjọ 1985 |office1 = Chair of the [[Supreme Military Council of Nigeria (1983–1985)|Supreme Military Council]] |predecessor1 = [[Shehu Shagari]] {{small|(President)}} |successor1 = [[Ibrahim Babangida]] {{small|(Chair of the [[Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria)|Armed Forces Ruling Council]])}} |office2 = [[Ijoba Ijoba ti Awọn Ọkọ Ẹrọ (Nigeria)|Ijoba Ijoba ti Awọn Ọkọ Ẹrọ]] |term_start2 =11 Kọkànlá Oṣù 2015 |term_end2 = |predecessor2 = [[Diezani Allison-Madueke]] |successor2 = |office3 = Gómínà ìpínlẹ̀ Bọ̀nú |term_start3 = 3 Oṣù Kejì 1976 |term_end3 = 15 Oṣù Kẹta 1976 |predecessor3 = Position established |successor3 = [[Mustapha Amin]] |office4 = Governor of the [[North-Eastern State|Northeastern State]] |term_start4 = 1 Oṣù Kẹjọ 1975 |term_end4 = 3 Oṣù Kejì1976 |predecessor4 = [[Musa Usman]] |successor4 = Position abolished |birth_date = {{nowrap|{{birth date and age|1942|12|17|df=y}}}} |birth_place = [[Daura]], [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]], [[Nigeria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thisisbuhari.com/all-project-list/muhammadu-buhari-presidential-candidate/|title=Muhammadu Buhari Presidential Candidate|work=thisisbuhari.com|accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Muhammad Buhari|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/83801/Muhammad-Buhari|work=Enyclopaedia Britannica|accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref><br /><small>(now [[Daura]], [[Katsina State]], Nigeria)</small> |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[All Progressives Congress]] |spouse = {{marriage|Safinatu Yusuf|()=small|1971|1988|end=div}}<br>{{marriage|[[Áìshà Bùhárí|Aisha Halilu]]|()=small|1989}} |children = 10 |alma_mater = [[Nigerian Defence Academy|Nigerian Military Training College]]<br>[[Mons Officer Cadet School]]<br>[[United States Army War College|U.S. Army War College]] |website = {{url|mbuhari.ng|Official website}} |nickname = ''Baba go slow''<ref name=BGS>{{cite web |last1=Magnoswki |first1=Daniel |title=Buhari Goes From Nigeria's Change Champion to 'Baba Go Slow' |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-01/buhari-goes-from-nigeria-s-champion-of-change-to-baba-go-slow- |website=Bloomberg |accessdate=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=ChannelsTV>{{cite web |last1=Buhari |first1=Muhammadu |title=From Baba Buhari Am Now Being Called Baba 'Go Slow' – 22/07/15 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rirFNOtuEI |website=YouTube |accessdate=6 September 2015}}</ref> |allegiance = {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nàìjíríà]] |branch = [[File:Flag of the Nigerian Army Headquarters.svg|21px]] [[Adigun Nàìjíríà]] |serviceyears = 1961–1985 |rank = [[Major general|Major General]] |footnotes = {{small|*[[Yemi Osinbajo]] served as Acting President from 19 January 2017 – 13 March 2017 and 7 May 2017 – 21 August 2017 while Buhari received medical treatment. }} }} '''Muhammadu Buhari''' (tí wọ́n bí ní Ọjọ́ ketàdínlógún, Oṣù Kejìlá Odún 1942 o si ku ni Oṣu Keje ọjọ 13, Ọdun 2025) olóṣèlú tí ó jẹ́ Ààrẹ orílè-èdè [[Nigeria|Nàíjíríà]] láàrin ọdún 2015 sí ọdún 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-29 |title=Muhammadu Buhari {{!}} Biography & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-29 |title=President Buhari's inaugural speech on May 29, 2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/president-muhammadu-buharis-inaugural-speech/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ó lo ṣáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ láàrin odún 2015 sí 2019 àti kejì láàrin ọdún 2019 sí 2023<ref name="Abang 2019">{{cite web|last=Abang|first=Mercy|title=Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari sworn in for second term as president|website=Google|date=2019-05-29|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/nigeria-muhammadu-buhari-sworn-term-190529112615886.html|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref>. Buhari tí fìgbà kan jẹ́ ogágun Méjọ̀ Gẹ́nẹ́rà àti pé ó j̣e olórí orílẹ̀ èdè Nàíjíríà lati 31st Oṣù kejìlá odún 1983 sí Oṣù kẹjó odún 1985, léyìn tí ó fi kúùpù ológun gbàjọba.<ref name="Buhari-Idiagbon">{{cite web |url=http://www.dawodu.com/buhari.htm |title=Military Regime of Buhari and Idiagbon, January 1984 - August 1985 |accessdate=12 September 2013 |archive-date=9 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209221718/http://www.dawodu.com/buhari.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Siollun">{{cite news |url=http://www.dawodu.com/siollun3.htm |title=Buhari and Idiagbon: A Missed Opportunity for Nigeria |author=[[Max Siollun]] |publisher= Dawodu.com| date=October 2003 |accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-inec-declares-buhari-winner-of-2019-presidential-election/|title=UPDATED: Buhari wins second term|website=Punch Newspapers|date=27 February 2019|access-date=30 August 2019|archive-date=6 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906151856/https://punchng.com/breaking-inec-declares-buhari-winner-of-2019-presidential-election/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author1=Stephanie Busari |author2=Aanu Adeoye|title=Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari reelected, but opponent rejects results|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/26/africa/buhari-wins-nigeria-electionintl/index.html|access-date=1 October 2021|website=CNN|date=27 February 2019|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001113245/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/26/africa/buhari-wins-nigeria-election-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2019 |title=Nigeria's Buhari wins re-election, rival pursues fraud claim |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-election-idUSKCN1QG11U |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603151754/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-election-idUSKCN1QG11U |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okere |first=Alexander |date=13 July 2025 |title=Former President Buhari Dies At 82 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/07/13/former-president-buhari-dies-at-82/ |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> ==Ìgbésí àyè ibẹrẹ== A bí Muhammadu Buhari ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1942, ní ilu Daura, tí ó wà ní ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina báyìí, ni orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ kẹtàlélógún Mallam Hardo Adamu, olórí Fula kàn láti Dumurkul ní Mai'Adua àti Zulaihat, tí wọ́n ní ìdílé Hausa àti Kanuri. Wọ́n sọ orúkọ rẹ̀ ní orúkọ ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam Muhammad al-Bukhari ní ọ̀rúndún kẹsàn-án. Baba-ńlá Buhari, Yusuf, jẹ́ olórí, tí ó ti gbé àwọn ibùgbé púpọ̀ kalẹ̀ ní Daura, títí kan Dumurkul. Baba Buhari kú nígbà tí ó wà ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, Waziri Alhassan, ọmọ Emir ti Daura, Musa dan Nuhu ( jọba : 1904–1911), sì di olùtọ́jú Zulaihat àti àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ mẹ́fà, títí kan Buhari.<ref name="auto">{{cite web | last=Zuber | first=David | title=Muhammadu Buhari (1942– ) | website=BlackPast.org | date=19 April 2022 | url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/muhammadu-buhari-1942/ | access-date=28 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Smith | first=David | title=Muhammadu Buhari: reformed dictator returns to power in democratic Nigeria | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=31 March 2015 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/muhammadu-buhari-military-dictator-nigeria-new-democratic-president | access-date=27 March 2025 | archive-date=5 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305153611/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/muhammadu-buhari-military-dictator-nigeria-new-democratic-president | url-status=live }}</ref> Buhari lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Al-Qur'an, níbi tí ó ti ranlọ́wọ́ ní títọ́jú màlúù. Ó lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Daura àti Mai'Adua, ó sì parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1953. Wọ́n gbà á sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ Katsina (tí wọ́n yí orúkọ rẹ̀ padà sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ Katsina Provincial), níbi tí ó ti gba ẹ̀kọ́ girama láti ọdún 1956 sí 1961. Nígbà tí ó wà ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kẹfà, ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àti olórí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà. Ní ọdún 1960, Elder Dempster Lines fún un ní ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ ọ̀fẹ́ fún ìbẹ̀wò sí United Kingdom ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Paden |first=John N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ |title=Muhammadu Buhari: The Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria |date=2016 |publisher=Huda Huda Publishing Company |isbn=978-978-951-423-6 |pages=3–10 |archive-date=21 January 2025 |access-date=11 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080618/https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> Buhari fẹ́ gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí ìṣègùn láti di dókítà; àṣàyàn kan ṣoṣo ní àkókò náà ni láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Àwọn Ọ̀nà, Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ, àti Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ti Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní [[Zaria]], èyí tí yóò gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún. Ọmọkùnrin rẹ̀ Mamman Daura gbà á nímọ̀ràn láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ ológun Nàìjíríà kí ó sì lọ sí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga níbẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book |author=M. G. Smith |author-link=M. G. Smith |url=https://archive.org/details/the-affairs-of-daura/page/326/mode/2up?q=Waziri |title=The Affairs Of Daura |date=1978 |pages=327}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kirk-Greene |first1=A. H. M. |url=https://archive.org/details/emiratesofnorthe0000ahmk/mode/2up?view=theater |title=The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey of Their Historical Traditions |last2=Hogben |first2=S. J. |date=1 January 1966 |publisher=Oxford University Press |others=Internet Archive |pages=155}}</ref> ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bi Ológun== Ní ọdún 1962, nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún mokandinlogun, Buhari jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ọkùnrin 70 tí a yàn fún gbígba wọn sí Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Ológun orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà (NMTC).<ref>{{cite book |last=Obotetukudo| first=Solomon|title=The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non-elected presidents and prime minister from 1960–2010|publisher=University Press of America|year=2011|page=90}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> [1] Ní oṣù Kejì ni ọdún 1964, wọ́n gbé NMTC ga sí ẹ̀ka ìgbìmọ̀ ọlọ́pàá ti ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, wọ́n sì yí orúkọ rẹ̀ padà sí Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ìdánilójú Ológun Nàìjíríà . Láti ọdún 1962 sí ọdun 1963, Buhari gbà ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ọmọ ológun ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Cadet Mons Officer ní ìlú Aldershot, ni orílè-èdè England. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1963, nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ogún ọdún, wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́bíi Lieutenant Kejì, wọ́n sì yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ẹgbẹ́ Ọmọ-ogun Kejì ní ìlú Abeokuta, ni orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì lọ sí Ẹ̀kọ́ Àwọn Aláṣẹ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Ológun orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, Kaduna, Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, láti oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1963 sí oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1964. Ní ọdún 1964, ó tún lọ sí Ẹ̀kọ́ Àwọn Aláṣẹ Ọkọ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Ológun Nàìjíríà ní Borden, United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=President Muhammadu Buhari |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/people-old/president-muhammadu-buhari/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=The State house abuja |archive-date=8 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408085905/https://statehouse.gov.ng/people-old/president-muhammadu-buhari/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Láti ọdún 1965 sí 1967, Buhari ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́bíi olórí ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ kejì, wọ́n sì yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀gágun ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogún ti Sector Kejì, First Infantry Division (Ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹrin ọdún 1967 sí oṣù keje ọdún 1967). Lẹ́yìn ìdìbò orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1966 tí ó pa Alákòóso Àríwá Nàìjíríà Ahmadu Bello, Buhari, pẹ̀lú àwọn ológun mìíràn láti Àríwá Nàìjíríà, kópa nínú ìdìbò ìjọba ní oṣù keje, èyí tí ó yọ General Aguiyi Ironsi kúrò ní ipò rẹ̀, tí ó sì fi General Yakubu Gowon rọ́pò rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prominent Nigerians who share birthday month with President Buhari |url=https://guardian.ng/news/birthdays-6/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=guardian.ng |date=18 December 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Ogun Abẹ́lé orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà=== Wọ́n yàn Muhammadu Buhari sí Ẹ̀ka Kìní lábẹ́ àṣẹ Lẹ́tánì Kọ̀nẹ́lì Mohammed Shuwa. Ẹ̀ka náà ti gbéra láti ìlú Kaduna sí ìlù Makurdi fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà . Wọ́n pín ẹ̀ka kìní sí àwọn ẹ̀ka àti balógun, pẹ̀lú àwọn olórí ẹ̀ka Martin Adamu àti Sule Apollo tí wọ́n ran lọ́wọ́, tí [[Theophilus Danjuma]] sì rọ́pò lẹ́yìn náà. Ó kọ́kọ́ ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́bíi Adjutant àti Command Commander 2 balloton, Second Sector Infantry ti 1st Division.{{Sfn|Momoh|2000|p=343}} Balógun kejì jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tí ó kópa nínú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ ti ogún náà: wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti Gakem nítòsí àgàbàgebè Afikpo wọ́n sì lọ sí ìlú Ogoja, pẹ̀lú ìtìlẹ́yìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun [[Gado Nasko]] . Wọ́n dé Ogoja wọ́n sì gbà á, pẹ̀lú èrò láti rìn gba ẹ̀gbẹ́ lọ sí Enugu, olú ìlú náà. Ó jẹ́ olórí ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun méjì fún ìgbà díẹ̀, ó sì ṣe amọ̀nà ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun náà sí Afikpo láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ogun kẹta kí wọ́n sì tẹ̀síwájú lọ sí Enugu nípasẹ̀ Nkalagu àti ìlú Abakaliki . Ṣùgbọ́n, kí wọ́n tó kó lọ sí ìlù Enugu, wọ́n yàn án sí Nsukka gẹ́gẹ́bíi gágun ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ kẹta lábẹ́ Ogagun Joshua Gin, ẹni tí Isa Bukar rọ́pò lẹ́yìn náà. Buhari dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ogún fún oṣù díẹ̀ bí àwọn ọmọ ogún orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà ṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣàtúnṣe àwọn ọgbọ́n tí wọ́n kọ́ láti inú ìrírí ogún ìṣáájú. Dípò kí wọ́n yára tẹ̀síwájú, àwọn ọgbọ́n tuntun náà ni láti dáàbò bo àwọn ọ̀nà ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ àti lílo àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n gbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ láti kọ́ àwọn ọmọ ogun tuntun tí wọ́n mú wá láti ibùdó ogun ní Abeokuta àti Zaria . Ní ọdún 1968, wọ́n yàn án sí Ẹ̀ka 4, tí wọ́n tún ń pè ní ẹ̀ka Awka, èyí tí wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn kàn láti gba ìgbálẹ̀ Onitsha láti Ẹ̀ka 2. Iṣẹ́ ẹ̀ka náà wà ní agbègbè Awka - Abagana -Onitsha, èyí tí ó ṣe pàtàkì fún àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra nítorí pé ó jẹ́ orísun pàtàkì fún ìpèsè oúnjẹ. Nínú ẹ̀ka náà ni ẹgbẹ́ Buhari ti jìyà ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpalára nígbà tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú láti dáàbò bo ipa ọ̀nà ìpèsè oúnjẹ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ ní Odò Oji àti Abagana..{{sfn|Momoh|2000|p=65}} === Lẹ́yìn ogun náà=== Láti ọdún 1970 sí ọdún 1971, Buhari jẹ́ ọ̀gágun/olórí ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogún ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ mẹ́ta. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùrànlọ́wọ́ Adjutant-General, olú ilé iṣẹ́ First Infantry Division, láti ọdún 1971 sí 1972. Ó tún lọ sí ilé ẹ̀kọ́ Defence Services Staff College, Wellington Cantonment, India, ní ọdún 1973. Láti ọdún 1974 sí 1975, Buhari ni olùdarí ìgbàlódé fún Transport àti Supply fún ilé ìṣe àwọn ọmọ ológun orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà.<ref name="Quartz">{{cite news|author=Siddhartha Mitter|date=28 October 2015|title=India can rival China in Nigeria, by being exactly what China is not: Open and free|work=Quartz|url=http://qz.com/534257/india-can-rival-china-in-nigeria-by-being-exactly-what-china-is-not-open-and-free/|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-date=1 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101070327/http://qz.com/534257/india-can-rival-china-in-nigeria-by-being-exactly-what-china-is-not-open-and-free/|url-status=live|archivedate=1 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101070327/http://qz.com/534257/india-can-rival-china-in-nigeria-by-being-exactly-what-china-is-not-open-and-free/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Nínú ìdìbò ológun ti ọdún 1975, Lẹ́tọ̀ọ́nù Colonel Buhari wà lára àwọn ológun tí wọ́n mú General Murtala Mohammed dé ipò àkóso. Lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Gómìnà Ìpínlẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlà Oòrùn láti ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1975 sí ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kejì ọdún 1976, láti ṣe àbójútó àwọn àtúnṣe àwùjọ, ọrọ̀ ajé àti ìṣèlú ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà. Ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kejì ọdún 1976, wọ́n pín Ìpínlẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlà Oòrùn sí ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́ta ní Bauchi, Borno àti Gongola . Lẹ́yìn náà, Buhari di Gómìnà àkọ́kọ́ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno láti ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kejì ọdún 1976 sí ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹta ọdún 1976.<ref>{{cite book|author=Solomon Williams Obotetukudo|title=The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non-Elected Presidents and Prime Minister, 1960–2010|publisher=University Press of America|year=2010|pages=91–92}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹta ọdún 1976, lẹ́yìn ìgbìyànjú ìdìtẹ̀ ológun ọdún 1976 tí ó fa ìbàjẹ́ tí ó yọrí sí pípa General Murtala Mohammed, igbákejì rẹ̀ General Olusegun Obasanjo di olórí ìjọba ológun, ó sì yan Colonel Buhari gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Àpapọ̀ fún Epo àti Àwọn Ohun Àlùmọ́nì Àdánidá (tí ó jẹ́ mínísítà báyìí). Ní ọdún 1977, nígbà tí wọ́n dá Ilé- iṣẹ́ Epo Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà sílẹ̀, wọ́n yàn Muhammadu Buhari gẹ́gẹ́bíi alága wọn, ipò tí ó wà títí di ọdún 1978.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/constitution-politics|title=Nigeria : Constitution and politics|work=The Commonwealth |access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=11 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911145142/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/constitution-politics|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mouau.edu.ng/index.php/node/134|title=PRESIDENT MUHAMMADU BUHARI (GCFR) &#124; Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613054012/https://www.mouau.edu.ng/index.php/node/134|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní àkókò tí ó jẹ́ Kọmíṣọ́nà Àpapọ̀ fún èpò àti Àwọn Ohùn Àlùmọ́nì Àdánidá, ìjọba náwó sí àwọn ọ̀nà ìtọ́jú epo àti àwọn ètò ìtọ́jú epo. Ìjọba kọ́ nǹkan bí ilé ìtọ́jú epo 21 káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè náà láti Èkó sí Mọ́gádíù àti láti Calabar sí Gusau ; ìjọba náà kọ́ ẹ̀rọ ìtọ́jú epo páìpù kan tí ó so ibùdó Bonny àti ilé ìtọ́jú epo páìpù sí àwọn ilé ìtọ́jú epo. Bákan náà, ìjọba náà fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn fún kíkọ́ ilé ìtọ́jú epo páìpù kan ní Kúdà àti ilé ìtọ́jú epo páìpù kan tí yóò so ibùdó èpò páìpù Escravos pọ̀ mọ́ ilé ìtọ́jú èpò Warri àti ilé ìtọ́jú epo páìpù ti Ilu Kaduna tí a fẹ́ ṣe. Nígbà tí ó jẹ́ Kọmíṣọ́nà Àpapọ̀ fún Epo àti Àwọn Ohùn Àlùmọ́nì Àdánidá, wọ́n sọ pé owó US$2.8 bilionu ló sọnù nínú àkáǹtì Ilé Iṣẹ́ Epo páìpù ti Nàìjíríà (NNPC) ní Midlands Bank ní orílè-èdè tí United Kingdom. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n ní Ọ̀gágun Ibrahim Babangida fi ẹ̀sùn kàn Buhari pé ó jẹ́bi ìwà ìbàjẹ́ yìí. Sibẹsibẹ, ni ìparí ìṣe ìwádìí Ile-ẹjọ Tita Èpò ti lábẹ́ àṣẹ olùdarí ẹjọ náà Ayo Irikefe ṣe olórí lati ṣe ìwádìí awọn ẹsun ti ilokulo owo dola bilionu 2.8 làti inú akọọlẹ NNPC, ile-ẹjọ ko rii otitọ ninu awọn ẹsun naa botilẹjẹpe o ṣe àkíyèsí awọn ikuna diẹ nínú awọn akọọlẹ NNPC.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160603080911/http://nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php| archive-date = 3 June 2016| title = Nigeriaroute.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192532/http://www.nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php |date=12 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|title=This is how the 36 states were created|date=23 October 2017|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192656/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alapiki|first1=Henry E|date=2005|title=State Creation in Nigeria: Failed Approaches to National Integration and Local Autonomy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_2005-12_48_3/page/49|journal=African Studies Review|volume=48|issue=3|pages=49–65|doi=10.1353/arw.2006.0003|jstor=20065139|s2cid=146571948}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1978 sí 1979, ó jẹ́ Akọ̀wé Ológun ní Olórí Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ológun, ó sì jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Ìgbìmọ̀ Ológun Gíga jùlọ láti ọdún 1978 sí 1979. Láti ọdún 1979 sí 1980, ní ipò Kọ̀nẹ́lì, Buhari (kíláàsì ọdún 1980) lọ sí Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ogun Àwọn Ọmọ-ogun Amẹ́ríkà ní Carlisle, Pennsylvania, ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà, ó sì gba oyè master nínú Ẹ̀kọ́ Ìlànà. Nígbà tí ó parí ètò ìgbékalẹ̀ àkókò kíkún ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, èyí tí ó gba oṣù mẹ́wàá àti ètò ẹ̀kọ́ jíjìnnà fún ọdún méjì, Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ogun Àwọn Ọmọ-ogun Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (USAWC) fún àwọn ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga rẹ̀ ní oyè master nínú Ẹ̀kọ́ Ìlànà. Ní ọdún 1983, nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ Ògún orílè-èdè Chadi gbógun ti orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, Buhari lo àwọn ọmọ ogún tí ó wà lábẹ́ àṣẹ rẹ̀ láti lé wọn jáde kúrò ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà, wọ́n sì kọjá sí agbègbè Chadi láìka àṣẹ tí Ààrẹ Shagari fún wọn sí láti fà sẹ́yìn. [1] Ìbáṣepọ̀ ológun Chadi ti ọdún 1983 yìí yọrí sí àwọn tí ó ju ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ tí wọ́n farapa àti “àwọn ẹlẹ́wọ̀n ogun”.<ref name="Ayoade22">{{Cite book |last=Akinsanya |first=Adeoye A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUySAAAAQBAJ&q=buhari+1983+chad&pg=PA272 |title=An Introduction to Political Science in Nigeria |publisher=John Adebunmi Ayoade |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-7618-5743-3 |page=272}}</ref><ref name="Ayoade22"/> ===Àwọn apàṣẹ ẹ̀ka tí wọ́n ń ṣàkóso ní ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà :=== * Olùdarí Àgbà, Ẹ̀ka Ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ Kẹrin: Oṣù Kẹjọ 1980 – Oṣù Kínní 1981<ref>[http://newtelegraphonline.com/buhari-man-of-history/]{{dead link|date=November 2016}}</ref> * Olórí Àgbà, Ẹ̀ka Ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ Kejì : Oṣù Kínní 1981 – Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 1981<ref>[http://www.thesourceng.com/RaceApril132015.htm The Source Magazine Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723011300/http://www.thesourceng.com/RaceApril132015.htm|date=23 July 2015}}. Thesourceng.com. Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref> * Olùdarí Àgbà, Ẹ̀ka Ọmọ-ogun Kẹta : Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 1981 – Oṣù Kejìlá 1983 === ìdìtẹ̀ gbá ìjọba ọdún 1983=== Major-General Muhammadu Buhari jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn aṣáájú ìdìbò ológun ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1983 tí ó gba Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Kejì ti Nàìjíríà sílẹ̀. Ní àkókò ìdìbò náà, Buhari ni Olùdarí Àgbà (GOC), Ẹ̀ka Armoured Kẹta ti Ilu Jos .<ref>Matthews, Martin P. ''Nigeria: current issues and historical background.'' p. 121.</ref> Pẹ̀lú àṣeyọrí ìdìbò náà, wọ́n yán bàbà Tunde Idiagbon gẹ́gẹ́bíi Olórí Àwọn Ọ̀gágun (èyí tí ó jẹ́ Nọ́mbà Kejì ní ìjọba). Ìdìbò náà fòpin sí Ìjọba Olómìnira Kejì ti Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà kúkúrú, àkókò ìjọba tiwantiwa ẹlẹ́gbẹ́ púpọ̀ tún padà bọ̀ sípò ní ọdún 1979, lẹ́yìn ọdún mẹ́tàlá ti ìjọba ológun<ref>{{Cite web |title=No to another Republic of Nigerian Army! |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/no-to-another-republic-of-nigerian-army/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=guardian.ng |date=3 September 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́bíi ìwé ìròyìn yi The New York Times ṣe sọ, àwọn ọlọ́pàá tí wọ́n gba agbára jiyàn pé “ìjọba tiwantiwa tí kò ní àbùkù burú ju tiwantiwa tí kò ní láárí rárá”. Buhari dá agbára tí àwọn ológun gbà láre nípa fífi ẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba alágbádá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oníwà ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé gbàlà, ó sì dá òfin dúró lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀. Ìdí mìíràn fún ìdìtẹ̀ náà ni láti ṣàtúnṣe ìdínkù ọrọ̀ ajé ní Nàìjíríà.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=149}} Nínú ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ tí àwọn ológun ṣe lẹ́yìn ìdìtẹ̀ náà, Sani Abacha so ‘aṣáájú tí kò ní òye àti ìwà ìbàjẹ́’ [1] pọ̀ mọ́ ìdínkù ọrọ̀ ajé gbogbogbòò. Nínú ọ̀rọ̀ Ọjọ́ Ọdún Tuntun ti Buhari, òun náà mẹ́nu ba ẹgbẹ́ oníwà ìbàjẹ́ ti Orílẹ̀-èdè Kejì ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jẹ́ ohun tí ó fa ìdínkù gbogbogbòò nínú ìwà rere nínú àwùjọ.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=149}} ==Olórí orílè-èdè gẹ́gẹ́bíi ológun(1983–1985)== Ìṣètò àwọn olórí ológun tuntun—ìyẹn ni ìkarùn-ún ní Nàìjíríà láti ìgbà òmìnira—dàbí ìjọba ológun tó kẹ́yìn, ìṣàkóso Obasanjo / Yaradua . Ìjọba tuntun náà dá Ìgbìmọ̀ Ológun Gíga Jùlọ sílẹ̀, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Àpapọ̀ àti Ìgbìmọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=150}} Iye àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba ni a dínkù sí 18, nígbà tí ìjọba náà ṣe ìdádúró àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba àti ọlọ́pàá. Ó fẹ̀yìntì àwọn akọ̀wé mẹ́tàdínlógún àti àwọn ọlọ́pàá àgbà àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ojú omi. Ní àfikún, ìjọba ológun tuntun náà gbé àwọn òfin tuntun kalẹ̀ láti ṣe àṣeyọrí ète rẹ̀. Àwọn òfin wọ̀nyí ní Òfin Olè àti Ìbọn (Àwọn Ìlànà Pàtàkì) fún ìgbẹ́jọ́ àwọn ẹjọ́ olè jíjà, àti Òfin Ààbò Ìpínlẹ̀ (Ìdádúró Ẹnìkan), èyí tí ó fún àwọn ológun ní agbára láti mú àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n fura sí pé wọ́n ń fi ààbò ìpínlẹ̀ sínú ewu tàbí tí wọ́n ń fa ìṣòro ọrọ̀ ajé. Àwọn òfin mìíràn ní Ìgbìmọ̀ Iṣẹ́ Àpapọ̀ àti Òfin Àwọn Ọ̀daràn Gbogbogbò, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ìpìlẹ̀ òfin àti ìṣàkóso láti ṣe ìwẹ̀nùmọ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ìjọba.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=153}} Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òfin Nọ́mbà 2 ti ọdún 1984, àwọn aláàbò ìpínlẹ̀ àti olórí òṣìṣẹ́ ni a fún ní agbára láti mú àwọn ènìyàn tí a kà sí ewu ààbò sí ìpínlẹ̀ náà láìsí ẹ̀sùn kankan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab5d3c.html|title=Nigeria: Repeal of Decree 2|date=1 October 1998|website=refworld.org|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120114352/http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab5d3c.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n fòfin de ìkọlù àti àwọn ìwọ́de gbogbogbòò, wọ́n sì fi àwọn agbára tí kò tíì ṣẹlẹ̀ rí lé àjọ ààbò Nàìjíríà, National Security Organization (NSO) lọ́wọ́. NSO kópa púpọ̀ nínú pípa àwọn àtakò gbogbogbòò run nípa fífìyàjẹni, fífìyàjẹni àti fífi àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n rú òfin ìkọlù náà sẹ́wọ̀n. Nígbà tí ó fi di oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1984, wọ́n ti yọ nǹkan bí 200,000 àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba kúrò nípò.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://naijapolitica.com/2014/12/04/the-untold-tales-of-gen-buhari-a-must-read/|title=THE UNTOLD TALES OF GEN. BUHARI&nbsp;... [a must read]|date=4 December 2014|website=Naija Politica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120004503/http://naijapolitica.com/2014/12/04/the-untold-tales-of-gen-buhari-a-must-read/|archive-date=20 January 2015}}</ref> Buhari gbé ìgbésẹ̀ lòdì sí àwọn ohun ìní tí ó ti di mọ́lẹ̀. Ní ogún oṣù gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Orílẹ̀-èdè, nǹkan bí 500 àwọn olóṣèlú, àwọn aláṣẹ àti àwọn oníṣòwò ni wọ́n fi sẹ́wọ̀n fún ìwà ìbàjẹ́ nígbà tí ó ń ṣàkóso ìjọba.<ref name="autogenerated422">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|title=Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile|date=17 April 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=20 April 2011|archive-date=20 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420211645/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_52396.html|title=Nigeria: Human Rights Watch Africa|date=10 May 1996|website=africa.upenn.eu|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=15 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315211922/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_52396.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n tú àwọn tí wọ́n mú sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tú owó sílẹ̀ fún ìjọba tí wọ́n sì gbà láti tẹ̀lé àwọn ìlànà kan. Ìjọba náà tún fi àwọn alátakò rẹ̀ sẹ́wọ̀n, títí kan Fela Kuti.<ref name="amnesty2">{{cite web|url=http://static.amnesty.org/ai50/fela_kuti_en.pdf|title=Fela Kuti, PoC, Nigeria|date=2010|website=amnesty.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020006/http://static.amnesty.org/ai50/fela_kuti_en.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2015|quote=On numerous occasions he was detained and harassed by the authorities}}</ref> Wọ́n mú un ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1984 ní pápákọ̀ òfurufú nígbà tí ó fẹ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìrìn àjò kan ní Amẹ́ríkà. Amnesty International ṣàpèjúwe ẹ̀sùn tí wọ́n fi kàn án fún fífi owó ilẹ̀ òkèèrè ránṣẹ́ lọ́nà àìtọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ẹ̀tàn”. Nípa lílo agbára ńlá tí Òfin Nọ́mbà 2 fún un, ìjọba dá Fẹ́lá lẹ́wọ̀n ọdún márùn-ún. Wọ́n tú u sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn oṣù 18, [5] nígbà tí wọ́n bì ìjọba Buhari ṣubú.<ref name="amnesty2" /> Ajọṣepọ Dikko jẹ́ àkókò pàtàkì mìíràn nínú ìjọba ológun Buhari. Umaru Dikko, Mínísítà fún Ọkọ̀ àtijọ́ lábẹ́ ìjọba alágbádá ti Ààrẹ Shagari tẹ́lẹ̀, tí ó sá kúrò ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní kété lẹ́yìn ìdìtẹ̀ náà, ni wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn kan pé ó fi owó èrè epo dọ́là kan dọ́là bílíọ̀nù kan èrè. Pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ aṣojú Mossad kan tí wọ́n sọ pé ó jẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀, NSO tọ́pasẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ sí London, níbi tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ láti Nàìjíríà àti Ísírẹ́lì ti fi oògùn olóró pa á tí wọ́n sì jí i gbé. Wọ́n gbé e sínú àpò ike kan, èyí tí wọ́n fi pamọ́ sínú àpótí kan tí wọ́n kọ orúkọ rẹ̀ sí "Ẹrù Dẹ́míṣọ́nárì". Ète iṣẹ́ ìkọ̀kọ̀ yìí ni láti fi Dikko lọ sí Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ọkọ̀ òfurufú Nigerian Airways Boeing 707 tí ó ṣofo, láti dúró sí ẹjọ́ fún jíjí owó. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ pápákọ̀ òfurufú ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ti bàjẹ́.<ref>{{cite web |last=Alex |first=Last |date=12 November 2012 |title=The foiled Nigerian kidnap plot |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20211380 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124114330/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20211380 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Ìjọba Buhari ní ìdààmú nípa àyànmọ́ àwọn àpò 53 tí a kò mọ̀. Emir ti Gwandu, tí ọmọ rẹ̀ jẹ́ olùrànlọ́wọ́ Buhari, ni ó ń gbé àwọn àpò náà, wọ́n sì gbà wọ́n sílẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn àṣà ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1984 láìsí àyẹ̀wò nígbà tí ó ń padà bọ̀ láti Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 October 2014 |title=S-H-O-C-K-I-N-G!!! 5 starnge things you never knew about Buhari – By Nzeribe Enz |url=http://www.transparentnigeria.com/news_entries/9088/S-H-O-C-K-I-N-G-5-starnge-things-you-never-knew-about-Buhari-%E2%80%93-By-Nzeribe-Enz |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119204253/http://www.transparentnigeria.com/news_entries/9088/S-H-O-C-K-I-N-G-5-starnge-things-you-never-knew-about-Buhari-%E2%80%93-By-Nzeribe-Enz |archive-date=19 January 2015 |website=transparentnigeria.com |publisher=Nzeribe Enz}}</ref><ref>[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/03/53-suitcases-saga-buhari-blasts-atiku-jonathan/ 53 SUITCASES SAGA: Buhari blasts Atiku, Jonathan – Vanguard News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406041542/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/03/53-suitcases-saga-buhari-blasts-atiku-jonathan/|date=6 April 2015}}. Vanguardngr.com (21 March 2011). Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref> Ní ọdún 1984, Buhari ṣe Òfin Nọ́mbà 4, Ààbò Lílo Ẹ̀sùn Irọ́,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/vol10n40/nondisclosure.html|title=My Stance On 'Non Disclosure' Remains Unshakable – Tunde Thompson|date=9 October 2013|website=nationalnetworkonline.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120114257/http://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/vol10n40/nondisclosure.html|archive-date=20 January 2015}}</ref> òfin ìtẹ̀wé tó gbòòrò. Apá 1 ti òfin náà sọ pé "Ẹnikẹ́ni tó bá tẹ̀jáde ní ọ̀nà èyíkéyìí, yálà kíkọ tàbí bíbẹ́ẹ̀kọ́, ìránṣẹ́, àhesọ, ìròyìn tàbí gbólóhùn èyíkéyìí [...] èyí tó jẹ́ èké ní ọ̀nà èyíkéyìí tàbí tó mú tàbí tí a gbé kalẹ̀ láti mú Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀ tàbí Ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ tàbí òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba fi ṣe yẹ̀yẹ́ tàbí kí wọ́n tàbùkù rẹ̀, yóò jẹ̀bi ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ lábẹ́ Òfin yìí".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ogbondah|first=Chris|date=1991|title=Origins and Interpretation of Nigerian Press Laws|url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol5no2/jamr005002006.pdf|journal=Africa Media Review|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=24 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224033156/http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol5no2/jamr005002006.pdf|url-status=live|archivedate=24 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224033156/http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol5no2/jamr005002006.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Òfin náà tún sọ pé ilé ẹjọ́ ológun tó ṣí sílẹ̀ ni yóò ṣe ìdájọ́ àwọn oníròyìn àti àwọn olùtẹ̀wé, tí ìdájọ́ wọn yóò jẹ́ ìkẹyìn tí kò sì ní jẹ́jọ́ ní ilé ẹjọ́ èyíkéyìí àti àwọn tí wọ́n bá jẹ̀bi yóò yẹ fún ìtanràn tí kò dín ní 10,000 náírà àti ẹ̀wọ̀n tó tó ọdún méjì.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CCT Chairman Advocates Return of Decree 2 to punish Journalists |date=7 June 2016 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/cct-chairman-advocates-return-decree-2-punish-journalists/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013075701/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/cct-chairman-advocates-return-decree-2-punish-journalists/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Eto-ọrọ-aje=== [[File:Nigerian Public Domain 144.jpg|thumb|Buhari in uniform]] Láti lè ṣe àtúnṣe ọrọ̀ ajé, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Orílẹ̀-èdè, Buhari bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tún àwọn ètò ìṣèlú àti ti ọrọ̀ ajé orílẹ̀-èdè náà ṣe, pẹ̀lú àwọn ipò ọrọ̀ ajé tí kò dára ní Nàìjíríà. Àtúnkọ́ náà ní nínú yíyọ tàbí dídín owó tí ó pọ̀ jù nínú ìnáwó orílẹ̀-èdè náà kù, píparẹ́ tàbí yíyọ ìwà ìbàjẹ́ kúrò pátápátá láti inú ìwà rere àwùjọ orílẹ̀-èdè náà, yíyípadà láti iṣẹ́ ìjọba sí iṣẹ́ ara ẹni. Buhari tún gba àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ àyípadà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níyànjú láti lo àwọn ohun èlò ìbílẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n, mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn kó wọlé di aláìlágbára mú kí àwọn ohun èlò tí a kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ lò fún àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ dínkù, èyí sì mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ ilé iṣẹ́ máa ṣiṣẹ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ agbára wọn, dín àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ kù, àti nígbà míìràn pípa iṣẹ́ wọn.<ref name="upa">{{cite book|author1=Nwachuku, Levi Akalazu |author2=G. N. Uzoigwe |title=Troubled Journey: Nigeria Since the Civil War |publisher=University Press of America|year=2004 |page=192}}</ref> Buhari já àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú Àjọ Owó Àgbáyé (IMF), nígbà tí àjọ náà béèrè lọ́wọ́ ìjọba láti dín iye owó naira kù sí 60%. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn àtúnṣe tí Buhari dá sílẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ le gan-an bíi, tàbí ju èyí tí IMF béèrè lọ.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vreeland|first1=James Raymond|title=The International Monetary Fund: Politics of Conditional Lending|date=19 December 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-37463-7|page=60|quote=Buhari proved his independence by pushing through economic austerity so severe it went beyond what many advised – all the while he refused IMF assistance.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mathews|first1=Martin P.|title=Nigeria: Current Issues and Historical Background|date=1 May 2002|publisher=[[Nova Science Publishers, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-59033-316-7|page=122|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hTs6GpM4zDMC&q=buhari+imf&pg=PA122|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=3 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103155730/https://books.google.com/books?id=hTs6GpM4zDMC&q=buhari+imf&pg=PA122|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1984, Buhari kéde ìṣúná owó orílẹ̀-èdè ti ọdún 1984. Ìṣúná owó náà wá pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ afikún: * ifi òfin de ìgbà diẹ lori gbígba awọn oṣiṣẹ ẹka gbogbogbo ijọba apapọ * Gbígbé àwọn oṣuwọn èlé owó sókè * Dídá àwọn iṣẹ́ olówó dúró * Idinamọ yiya owo nipasẹ awọn ijọba ipinlẹ *15% ti dinku lati inu Isuna Shagari ti ọdun 1983. * Ṣíṣe àtúnṣe àwọn owó tí a kó wọlé * Dín ìwọ́ntúnwọ̀nsì àìtó ìsanwó kù nípa dídín àwọn ọjà tí wọ́n ń kó wọlé kù * Ó tún fi àwọn ohun èlò àti àwọn ohun èlò ìtọ́jú tí a nílò fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti ilé iṣẹ́ pàtàkì sí i. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ọrọ̀ ajé míràn tí Buhari gbé kalẹ̀ ni ti ìṣòwò òdìkejì, ìyípadà owó, ìdínkù owó ọjà àti iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìlànà ọrọ̀ ajé rẹ̀ kò jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn gbà á láyè nítorí ìbísí owó ọjà àti lílo agbára ológun láti tẹ̀síwájú láti tẹ̀síwájú láti fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ètò tí wọ́n dá lẹ́bi fún ìbísí owó oúnjẹ.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=164}} ===Ìkójọ pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn=== Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ohun ìní ìjọba Buhari tó pẹ́ jùlọ ni Ogun Àtakò Àìní-ìwà-bí-Ọlọ́run (WAI). Wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ ètò náà ní ọjọ́ ogún oṣù kẹta ọdún 1984, wọ́n sì gbìyànjú láti yanjú àìní ìwà rere gbogbogbòò àti ojúṣe ìlú ti àwùjọ Nàìjíríà. Wọ́n pàṣẹ fún àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà aláìgbọràn láti máa wà ní ìlà ní ibùdókọ̀ bọ́ọ̀sì, lábẹ́ ojú àwọn ọmọ ogun tó ń fi pàṣán lù wọ́n. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba tí kò bá dé sí ibi iṣẹ́ ní àkókò ni wọ́n ti ìtìjú wọ́n sì fipá mú wọn láti máa "fò síta àwọn ọ̀pọlọ". Àwọn ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ kékeré máa ń ní ìdájọ́ gígùn, fún àpẹẹrẹ, akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó bá ju ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàdínlógún lọ tí wọ́n bá ṣe àwàdà ìdánwò yóò gba ọdún mọ́kànlélógún nínú ẹ̀wọ̀n. Àwọn ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tó le jù bíi ṣíṣe àdàkọ àti jíjóná lè yọrí sí ìyà ikú<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|title = Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile|date = 11 December 2014|website = bbc.co.uk|access-date = 21 July 2018|archive-date = 13 August 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180813125916/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|url-status = live}}</ref> Ìjọba Buhari gbé àwọn òfin mẹ́ta kalẹ̀ láti ṣe ìwádìí ìwà ìbàjẹ́ àti láti ṣàkóso pàṣípààrọ̀ owó òkèèrè. Òfin Ilé Ìfowópamọ́ (Dídì Àkọọ́lẹ̀) ti ọdún 1984, tí a fún Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀ ní agbára láti dá àkọọ́lẹ̀ owó gbèsè àwọn ènìyàn tí a fura sí pé wọ́n ti ṣe ìwà ìbàjẹ́ dúró. Òfin Ìgbàpadà Ohun-ìní Gbogbogbòò (Àwọn Ilé Ẹjọ́ Ológun Pàtàkì) fún ìjọba láyè láti ṣe ìwádìí lórí dúkìá àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwà ìbàjẹ́ àti láti ṣe ilé ẹjọ́ ológun láti ṣe ìdájọ́ irú àwọn ènìyàn bẹ́ẹ̀. Òfin Ìṣàkóso Paṣipaarọ (Ìdènà Ìbàjẹ́) sọ pé ìyà ni fún àwọn tí ó rú òfin pàṣípààrọ̀ owó òkèèrè.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/10/world/nigeria-s-discipline-campaign-not-sparing-the-rod.html|title = Nigeria's discipline campaign: Not sparing the rod|date = 10 August 1984|work = The New York Times|author = Clifford D. May|access-date = 11 February 2017|archive-date = 9 June 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170609222757/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/10/world/nigeria-s-discipline-campaign-not-sparing-the-rod.html|url-status = live}}</ref> Òfin 20 lórí ìfipámúni ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ìtajà oògùn olóró jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ti ọ̀nà líle tí Buhari gbà ń hùwà ọ̀daràn.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=154}} Àpín 3.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9485.html|title=Security and Anticrime Measures|date=June 1991|website=country-data.com|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=14 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314231150/http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9485.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (K) sọ pé “ẹnikẹ́ni tí, láìsí àṣẹ òfin, bá ta, mu sìgá tàbí mímu oògùn tí a mọ̀ sí kokéènì tàbí àwọn oògùn mìíràn tí ó jọra, yóò jẹ̀bi lábẹ́ ìpín 6 (3) (K) fún ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ kan, yóò sì jẹ́ ẹni tí a dá lẹ́bi láti jìyà ikú nípasẹ̀ ìbọn.” Nínú ọ̀ràn Bernard Ogedengebe, Òfin náà ni a lò ní ìgbẹ̀yìn. Wọ́n pa á kódà bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé nígbà tí wọ́n mú un, ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ náà kò pàṣẹ ìjìyà ikú, ṣùgbọ́n ó ti fi ẹ̀wọ̀n oṣù mẹ́fà ṣẹ̀wọ̀n.<ref name="tdl22">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/buhari-history-and-the-wilfully-blind/198756/|title=Buhari: History and the Wilfully Blind|date=10 January 2015|website=thisdaylive.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113061304/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/buhari-history-and-the-wilfully-blind/198756/|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Nínú ẹjọ́ mìíràn tí ó ṣe pàtàkì ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 1985, wọ́n dájọ́ ikú fún àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà mẹ́fà lábẹ́ àṣẹ kan náà: Sidikatu Tairi, Sola Oguntayo, Oladele Omosebi, Lasunkanmi Awolola, Jimi Adebayo àti Gladys Iyamah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abiyamo.com/muhammadu-buhari-nigerias-strictest-leader/7/|title=Muhammadu Buhari, Nigeria's Strictest Leader|date=2 July 2013|website=abiyamo.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120113947/http://www.abiyamo.com/muhammadu-buhari-nigerias-strictest-leader/7/|archive-date=20 January 2015}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1985, nítorí àìdánilójú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ìwọ̀n ìwà ọ̀daràn tó ń pọ̀ sí i, ìjọba Buhari ṣí àwọn ààlà (tí a ti ti pa láti oṣù kẹrin ọdún 1984) pẹ̀lú Benin, Niger, Chad àti Cameroon láti yára lé àwọn àlejò aláìlófin 700,000 àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ aláìlófin jáde kúrò ní ìlú.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/05/world/expelled-foreigners-pouring-ved=0CHwQ6AEwDw#v=onepageout-of-nigeria-by-the-associated-press.html|title=Expelled foreigners pouring out of Nigeria By The Associated Press|date=5 May 1985|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Buhari ni a mọ̀ lónìí fún ìṣòro yìí; ìyàn kan tilẹ̀ wà ní ìlà-oòrùn Niger tí a ti pè ní "El Buhari".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20141211173541/|title=Présidentielle nigériane : Muhammadu Buhari affrontera Goodluck Jonathan|date=11 December 2014|website=jeuneafrique.com|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204194311/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/37766/politique/pr-sidentielle-nig-riane-muhammadu-buhari-affrontera-goodluck-jonathan/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìjọba rẹ̀ gba ẹ̀sùn láti ọ̀dọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, títí kan Wole Soyinka, ẹni tó gba ẹ̀bùn Nobel àkọ́kọ́ ní Nàìjíríà, ẹni tó kọ ìwé kan tí a pè ní "Àwọn Ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ Buhari"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2007/01/14/crimes-buhari-wole-soyinka|title=The crimes of Buhari-Wole Soyinka|date=14 January 2007|website=saharareporters.com|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120115130/http://saharareporters.com/2007/01/14/crimes-buhari-wole-soyinka|url-status=live}}</ref> nínú èyí tí ó fi ẹ̀sùn kan Buhari pé ó ń bójú tó ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwà ìkà nígbà tí ó wà ní ìjọba ológun. Ṣáájú ìdìbò gbogbogbòò ọdún 2015, Buhari dáhùn sí ẹ̀sùn ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọnìyàn rẹ̀ nípa sísọ pé tí a bá yàn án, òun yóò tẹ̀lé òfin, àti pé yóò wà ní àǹfààní sí ìdájọ́ òdodo fún gbogbo àwọn ọmọnìyàn Nàìjíríà àti ọ̀wọ̀ fún ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọnìyàn pàtàkì àwọn ọmọnìyàn Nàìjíríà<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195948/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/my-contract-with-nigeria-buhari/ My contract with Nigeria – Buhari]. vanguardngr.com (17 March 2015)</ref> ===Ìdìtẹ gbá ìjọba ọdún 1985=== Ní oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1985, wọ́n rọ́pò Major General Buhari nínú ìdìtẹ̀ tí Major General Ibrahim Babangida àti àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn ti Ìgbìmọ̀ Ológun Gíga (SMC) ṣe olórí.<ref name="Muhammad Buhari2">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari|title=Muhammadu Buhari|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218031931/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari|archive-date=18 February 2019|access-date=8 February 2015|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref> Babangida mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn alárìíwísí Buhari wá sí ìjọba rẹ̀, títí kan arákùnrin Fela Kuti, Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, dókítà kan tí ó ṣáájú ìdìtẹ̀ sí Buhari láti fi ẹ̀hónú hàn pé iṣẹ́ ìlera kò lọ dáadáa. Wọ́n fi Buhari sí àhámọ́ ní ìlú Benin títí di ọdún 1988.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Toyin| last1=Falola|author1-link=Toyin Falola|title=A History of Nigeria|first2=Matthew M. |last2=Heaton|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=2008| isbn=9781139472036|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XygZjbNRap0C&pg=PR7|url-access=limited}}</ref> ==Síwájú kí o to di Aree orílè-èdè (1985–2015)== ===Àtìmọ́lé=== Buhari lo ọdun mẹta ninu tubu ni ile kekere kan ti a n ṣọ ni ilu Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2016 |title=Buhari: Most part of my detention was in a small bungalow in Benin |url=https://www.thecable.ng/buhari-part-detention-small-bungalow-benin |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=TheCable |language=en-US |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013075655/https://www.thecable.ng/buhari-part-detention-small-bungalow-benin |url-status=live }}</ref> O ni anfani lati wo tẹlifisiọnu ti o fihan awọn ikanni meji ati pe awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ ẹbi rẹ ni a gba laaye lati ṣabẹwo si i lori aṣẹ Babangida.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwachukwu |first=John Owen |date=16 May 2017 |title=How Ibrahim Babaginda sent bags of money to Buhari – John Parden |url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/05/16/ibrahim-babaginda-sent-bags-money-buhari-john-parden/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Ìgbésí ayé gẹ́gẹ́bíi aráàlú=== Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1988, lẹ́yìn ikú ìyá rẹ̀, wọ́n tú u sílẹ̀, ó sì fẹ̀yìntì sí ilé rẹ̀ ní Daura . Nígbà tí ó wà ní àhámọ́, àwọn ẹbí rẹ̀ ló ń ṣàkóso oko rẹ̀. Ó kọ ìyàwó rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1988, ó sì fẹ́ Aisha Halilu.<ref name="Paden" /> Ní Katsina, ó di alága àkọ́kọ́ fún Katsina Foundation tí wọ́n dá sílẹ̀ láti fún ìdàgbàsókè àwùjọ àti ọrọ̀ ajé ní ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina níṣìírí.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GidauniyarJihar Katsina {{!}} Katsina State |url=https://www.gidauniyarjiharkatsina.org/ |access-date=16 July 2025 |website=Gidauniya |language=en |archive-date=14 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814195626/https://www.gidauniyarjiharkatsina.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Buhari ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Alága fún Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF), ẹgbẹ́ kan tí ìjọba General Sani Abacha dá sílẹ̀, tí wọ́n sì ń ṣe owó láti inú owó tí owó tí wọ́n ń rí gbà láti inú ìdínkù owó ọjà epo rọ̀bì, láti lépa àwọn iṣẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Ìròyìn kan ní ọdún 1998 nínú ìwé ìròyìn New African yin PTF lábẹ́ Buhari fún ìfihàn rẹ̀, ó pè é ní “ìtàn àṣeyọrí tó ṣọ̀wọ́n”.<ref name="PTF"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2014 |title=The Buhari PTF Days: The Untold Story |url=http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/exclusive/buhari-ptf-days-untold-story/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719145545/http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/exclusive/buhari-ptf-days-untold-story/ |archive-date=19 July 2020 |access-date=17 July 2020 |website=Pointblank News |language=en-US}}</ref> Nígbà tí Buhari jẹ́ Alága fún Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF), àwọn alárìíwísí ti béèrè pé PTF pín 20% àwọn ohun ìní rẹ̀ fún àwọn ológun, èyí tí wọ́n bẹ̀rù pé kò ní jẹ́ kí owó tí wọ́n rí gbà jẹ́ èrè.<ref name="PTF">{{cite web |title=Development: PTF – shining in the gloom |url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/98_06/abcr0604.htm |date=June 1998 |access-date=4 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120225841/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/98_06/abcr0604.htm |archive-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wọ́n sọ ọ́ ní ọdún 2001 pé, “Èmi yóò máa tẹ̀síwájú láti fi ìdúróṣinṣin gbogbo ara mi hàn ní gbangba àti nínú mi sí ẹgbẹ́ Sharia tí ó ń tàn ká gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà,” ó fi kún un pé: “Ọlọ́run yóò fẹ́, a kò ní dá ìgbìyànjú láti mú Sharia ṣẹ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.” Buhari sẹ́ gbogbo ẹ̀sùn pé ó ní ètò Islamism onígbàgbọ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù kìíní ọdún 2015, Buhari sọ pé: “Nítorí pé wọn kò lè kọlu àkọsílẹ̀ wa, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn èké kan mí nípa ìjọ́sìn ẹ̀yà; wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn èké kan mí nípa ìjọ́sìn onígbàgbọ̀. Nítorí wọn kò lè kọlu àkọsílẹ̀ wa, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn èké kan wá pé a ń pè fún ìwà ipá ìdìbò – nígbà tí a kàn ń tẹnumọ́ àlàáfíà. Kódà gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Orílẹ̀-èdè, a kò fi ẹ̀sùn Sharia kàn án rí."<ref>Akhaine, Saxone (27 August 2001) [http://m.allafrica.com/stories/200108270355.html Nigeria: Buhari Calls for Sharia in All States] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123212623/http://m.allafrica.com/stories/200108270355.html/|date=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2014 |title=Insurgency and Buhari's call for full Sharia |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/insurgency-buharis-call-full-sharia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119192839/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/insurgency-buharis-call-full-sharia/ |archive-date=19 January 2015 |access-date=19 January 2015 |website=vanguardngr.com |publisher=Viewpoint}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807 Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile – BBC News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813125916/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|date=13 August 2018}}. Bbc.co.uk (31 March 2015). Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref><ref>Iginla, Ademola (6 January 2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20151003041632/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=204013%2F A Great Message: Gen Buhari Tweets From His Heart This Morning]. osundefender.org</ref> Ní ọdún 2012, orúkọ Buhari wà lára àkójọ àwọn ènìyàn tí Boko Haram yóò gbẹ́kẹ̀lé láti ṣe alárinà láàárín ẹgbẹ́ náà àti Ìjọba Àpapọ.<ref>[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/boko-haram-names-buhari-5-others-as-mediators/ Boko Haram names Buhari, 5 others as mediators – Vanguard News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119224236/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/boko-haram-names-buhari-5-others-as-mediators/|date=19 January 2015}}. Vanguardngr.com (1 November 2012). Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, Buhari tako gidigidi ó sì kọ̀ láti ṣe alárinà láàárín ìjọba àti Boko Haram. Ní ọdún 2013, Muhammadu Buhari ṣe ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀, nígbà tí ó béèrè lọ́wọ́ Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ láti dáwọ́ pípa àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram dúró, ó sì dá ìbísí ẹgbẹ́ apanilaya náà lẹ́bi lórí bí àwọn ọmọ ogun Niger Delta ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i ní Gúúsù. Buhari sọ pé<ref name="pbk2">[http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/exclusive/stop-killing-boko-haram-members-buhari-tells-fg/ Stop Killing Boko Haram Members – Buhari Tells FG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119223446/http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/exclusive/stop-killing-boko-haram-members-buhari-tells-fg/|date=19 January 2015}}. pointblanknews.com (2 June 2013)</ref> “ohun tí ó fa ipò ààbò ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà ni ìgbòkègbodò àwọn ọmọ ogun Niger Delta [...] Àwọn ọmọ ogun Niger Delta ló bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbogbo rẹ̀”.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 December 2014 |title=Why we're yet to crush Boko Haram – Jonathan |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/yet-crush-boko-haram-jonathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119225925/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/yet-crush-boko-haram-jonathan/ |archive-date=19 January 2015 |access-date=19 January 2015 |website=vanguardngr.com}}</ref> Ó tún béèrè lọ́wọ́ ìtọ́jú pàtàkì náà pẹ̀lú owó tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó $500 mílíọ̀nù lọ́dún tí wọ́n ń san fún àwọn ọmọ ogun 30,000 lábẹ́ ètò ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2013<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22357597 Has Nigeria's Niger Delta managed to buy peace? – BBC News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119113737/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22357597|date=19 November 2018}}. Bbc.co.uk (1 May 2013). Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref> láti ọwọ́ Ìjọba Àpapọ̀, ó sì banújẹ́ pé wọ́n pa àwọn ọmọ ogun Boko Haram, ilé wọn sì bàjẹ́. ==Àwọn ìpolongo àti ìdìbò ààrẹ== [[File:GMB, Akande, Ajimobi at PGLS1.jpg|thumb|Buhari (left) with Governor [[Abiola Ajimobi]] (right)]] [[File:Atiku, GMB at PGLS 1.jpg|thumb|Buhari with former Vice President [[Atiku Abubakar]] (left)]]'''2003 presidential election''' ===Ìdìbò ààrẹ ọdún 2003=== Ní ọdún 2003, Buhari díje fún ipò ààrẹ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP). Ó ṣẹ́gun rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìbò tó ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá lọ.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6508055.stm | work=BBC News | title=Nigeria: Facts and figures | date=17 April 2007 | access-date=24 June 2009 | archive-date=1 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901035339/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6508055.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buhari at 69: The leader Nigeria lacks – Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/buhari-at-69-the-leader-nigeria-lacks/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=dailytrust.com |date=18 December 2011 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013075654/https://dailytrust.com/buhari-at-69-the-leader-nigeria-lacks/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === Ìdìbò ààrẹ ọdún 2007=== Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2006, wọ́n yan Buhari gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje gbogbogbòò nínú ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú All Nigeria People's Party. Olùdíje pàtàkì rẹ̀ nínú ìdìbò oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2007 ni olùdíje PDP tó ń ṣàkóso, Umaru Yar'Adua, ẹni tó wá láti ìlú kan náà ní Katsina . Buhari gba 18% nínú ìdìbò náà ní tààràtà sí 70% ti Yar'Adua, ṣùgbọ́n Buhari kọ̀ láti gba àwọn èsì wọ̀nyí.<ref name=Huge>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6584393.stm "Huge win for Nigeria's Yar'Adua"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070426235748/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6584393.stm |date=26 April 2007 }}, BBC News, 23 April 2007.</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí Yar'Adua gba ipò, ó pe ìjọba ìṣọ̀kan orílẹ̀-èdè láti mú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ alatako tó bínú wá. ANPP dara pọ̀ mọ́ ìjọba náà pẹ̀lú yíyàn alága orílẹ̀-èdè náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ Yar'Adua, ṣùgbọ́n Buhari tako àdéhùn yìí.<ref>Felix Onuah and Camillus Eboh, [https://archive.today/20070517203204/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=nw20070704220154487C404988 "Nigerian president picks ministers"], Reuters (''IOL''), 4 July 2007.</ref> ===Ìdìbò ààrẹ ọdún 2011=== Ní oṣù kẹta ọdún 2010, Buhari fi ANPP sílẹ̀ lọ sí Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú kan tí ó ti ran lọ́wọ́ láti dá sílẹ̀. Ó sọ pé òun ti ṣètìlẹ́yìn fún ìpìlẹ̀ CPC “gẹ́gẹ́ bí ojútùú sí àwọn ìjàkadì oníwà-bí-ọ̀là, ìwà-rere àti èrò-ọkàn nínú ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú ANPP mi tẹ́lẹ̀.”<ref name=Mamah20100318>{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201003180375.html |title=Buhari Joins Congress for Progressive Change |work=Vanguard |author=Emeka Mamah |date=18 March 2010 |access-date=22 April 2011 |archive-date=19 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019083100/http://allafrica.com/stories/201003180375.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Buhari ni oludije fun ipo aarẹ CPC ninu idibo ọdun 2011, o si dije pẹlu Aare Goodluck Jonathan ti People's Democratic Party (PDP), Mallam Nuhu Ribadu ti Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), ati Ibrahim Shekarau ti ANPP. Wọn ni awọn oludije pataki laarin awọn oludije 20.<ref name="INEC">{{cite web|title=Summary of the 2011 Presidential election results |url=http://www.inecnigeria.org/results/presidential/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529123316/http://www.inecnigeria.org/results/presidential/ |archive-date=29 May 2011 }}</ref> Buhari ṣe ipolongo lori pẹpẹ idena iwa ibajẹ o si ṣe ileri lati yọ aabo ajesara kuro lọwọ awọn oṣiṣẹ ijọba. O tun ṣe atilẹyin fun imuṣẹ ofin Sharia ni awọn ipinlẹ ariwa Naijiria, eyiti o ti fa awọn iṣoro oloselu tẹlẹ laarin awọn oludibo Kristiẹni ni guusu orilẹ-ede naa.<ref name="autogenerated422"/> Ìwà ipá ẹ̀yà tó gbòde kan ló ba àwọn ìdìbò náà jẹ́, èyí tó pa ẹ̀mí àwọn ènìyàn 800 jákèjádò orílẹ̀-èdè náà, bí àwọn olùtìlẹ́yìn Buhari ṣe kọlu àwọn ibi ìgbèríko Kristẹni ní agbègbè àárín gbùngbùn orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref name="cfr">{{cite web|url = http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2014/12/12/nigerian-religious-leaders-advise-political-candidates/|title = Nigerian Religious Leaders Advise Political Candidates|date = 12 December 2014|website = cfr.org|access-date = 19 January 2015|archive-date = 13 January 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150113121021/http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2014/12/12/nigerian-religious-leaders-advise-political-candidates/|url-status = live}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìbínú Buhari ló fa ìdìtẹ̀ ọjọ́ mẹ́ta náà. Láìka ìdánilójú láti ọ̀dọ̀ Human Rights Watch, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìdájọ́ ìdìbò náà “láàrín àwọn tó dára jùlọ nínú ìtàn Nàìjíríà” sí, Buhari sọ pé ìdìbò náà kò dára, ó sì kìlọ̀ fún pé “Tí ohun tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọdún 2011 bá tún ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọdún 2015, nípasẹ̀ oore-ọ̀fẹ́ Ọlọ́run, gbogbo ajá àti ìbọn náà yóò ti rì sínú ẹ̀jẹ̀.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soyombo|first1=Fisayo|title=Opinion Will Muhammadu Buhari be Nigeria's next president?|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/12/will-muhammadu-buhari-be-niger-2014123191647111939.html|website=aljazeera.com|access-date=19 January 2015|date=31 December 2014|quote=In 2011, Buhari was accused of inciting the violence that followed his loss to Jonathan. The following year, he said "the dog and the baboon would all be soaked in blood" should the 2015 election be rigged. Buhari has shed blood before for his presidential ambition, some people believe. And they think he would do it again. Such a man, they reason, should never taste power.|archive-date=11 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111054340/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/12/will-muhammadu-buhari-be-niger-2014123191647111939.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ndujihe|first1=Clifford|last2=Idonor|first2=Daniel|title=Post-election violence: FG panel report indicts Buhari|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/post-election-violence-fg-panel-report-indicts-buhari/|website=vanguardngr.com|access-date=19 January 2015|date=11 October 2011|archive-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119225955/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/post-election-violence-fg-panel-report-indicts-buhari/|url-status=live}}</ref> Buhari jẹ́ “akọni àgbáyé” sí àwọn kan nítorí pé ó tako ìwà ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.naij.com/306026-buharis-presidential-attempts-and-2015-chances.html|title = Buhari's Presidential Attempts And 2015 Chances|date = November 2014|website = naij.com|access-date = 21 January 2015|archive-date = 13 November 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141113064255/http://www.naij.com/306026-buharis-presidential-attempts-and-2015-chances.html|url-status = live}}</ref> Ó gba ìbò 12,214,853, ó sì gba ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Jonathan, ẹni tí ó gba ìbò 22,495,187, wọ́n sì kéde pé ó jáwé olúborí.<ref name="Next20110421">{{cite web |url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5691404-146/story.csp |title=Congress for Progressive Change considers going to court and Buhari declared that he will make Nigeria ungovernable for Jonathan. Since then the Boko Haram Sect has been bombing Nigerians |work=Next |author=Festus Owete |date=21 April 2011 |access-date=22 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095821/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5691404-146/story.csp |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> ===Ìdìbò ààrẹ ọdún 2015=== [[File:Incoming and Outgoing Nigerian Presidents Wave to Crowd Amid Peaceful Inaugural in Abuja.jpg|thumb|Incoming and outgoing Nigerian Presidents at the [[Inauguration of Muhammadu Buhari|inauguration]] ceremony]] Buhari dije ninu idibo aarẹ ọdun 2015 gẹgẹbi oludije ninu ẹgbẹ oṣelu All Progressives Congress . Eto rẹ ni a kọ ka ori aworan rẹ gẹgẹbi onijaja alatako iwa ibajẹ ati orukọ rere rẹ ti ko ni ibajẹ ati otitọ, ṣugbọn o sọ pe oun kii yoo ṣe iwadii awọn olori iwa ibajẹ atijọ ati pe oun yoo fun awọn oṣiṣẹ ti o jale ni igba atijọ ni idariji ti wọn ba ronupiwada<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/173941-buhari-will-not-probe-past-corrupt-nigerian-leaders-repent-apc.html|title=Buhari will not probe past corrupt Nigerian leaders if they repent – APC|date=29 December 2014|website=premiumtimesng.com|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119223627/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/173941-buhari-will-not-probe-past-corrupt-nigerian-leaders-repent-apc.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Nígbà tí ìdìbò ọdún 2015 ń parí, ìpolongo Jonathan béèrè pé kí wọ́n yọ Buhari kúrò nínú ìdìbò náà, ó ní ó rú òfin.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/174654-nigeria2015-jonathan-wants-buhari-disqualified.html|title = #Nigeria2015: Jonathan wants Buhari disqualified|date = 11 January 2015|website = premiumtimesng.com|access-date = 19 January 2015|archive-date = 18 January 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150118024219/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/174654-nigeria2015-jonathan-wants-buhari-disqualified.html|url-status = live}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé pàtàkì náà, kí ó tó lè yẹ fún ìdìbò sí ipò ààrẹ, ẹnìkan gbọ́dọ̀ “kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ dé ìpele ìwé ẹ̀rí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tàbí èyí tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú rẹ̀”. Buhari kò fi ẹ̀rí bẹ́ẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sọ pé òun pàdánù àwọn ìwé ẹ̀rí rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n gbógun ti ilé rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dìtẹ̀ rẹ̀ kúrò ní agbára ní ọdún 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/01/buhari-certificate-nuisance/|title = Buhari: Certificate nuisance!|date = 6 January 2015|website = vanguardngr.com|access-date = 19 January 2015|archive-date = 19 January 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150119191350/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/01/buhari-certificate-nuisance/|url-status = live}}</ref> Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2014, lẹ́yìn ìjínigbé àwọn ọmọbìnrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Chibok, Buhari fi ìkọlù Boko Haram hàn gidigidi. Ó “rọ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà láti fi ẹ̀sìn, ìṣèlú àti gbogbo ìpínyà mìíràn sílẹ̀ láti pa ìkọlù náà run, ó sọ pé àwọn onígboyà aláìmòye tí wọ́n ń fi ara wọn ṣe ẹlẹ́yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí Mùsùlùmí ló ń ru sókè”.<ref>Ajasa, Femi. (8 May 2014) [http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/buhari-boko-haram-youre-bigots-masquerading-muslims/ BUHARI TO BOKO HARAM: You're bigots masquerading as Muslims – Vanguard News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509023342/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/buhari-boko-haram-youre-bigots-masquerading-muslims/ |date=9 May 2014 }}. Vanguardngr.com. Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref> keje ọdún 2014, Buhari sá àsálà fún ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù tí Boko Haram kọ lu ẹ̀mí rẹ̀ ní Kaduna; ènìyàn 82 ni wọ́n pa.<ref>Muhammed, Garba. (24 July 2014) [http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-nigeria-violence-idUKKBN0FS19N20140723 Suicide bombs in Nigeria's Kaduna kill 82, ex-leader Buhari targeted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821173244/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-nigeria-violence-idUKKBN0FS19N20140723 |date=21 August 2016 }} [[Reuters]]. Uk.reuters.com. Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìkéde yìí, ìdíyelé ìtẹ́wọ́gbà Buhari ga sókè, nítorí àìlèṣe Jonathan láti bá Boko Haram jà. Buhari sọ ààbò inú àti pípa ẹgbẹ́ ajìjàgbara náà run di ọ̀kan lára àwọn òpó pàtàkì nínú ìpolongo rẹ̀. Ní oṣù kinni ọdún 2015, ẹgbẹ́ ajìjàgbara náà “The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta” (MEND) fọwọ́ sí Buhari.<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/nigeria-opposition-leader-vows-to-improve-security/2557090.html Nigeria Opposition Leader Vows to Improve Security] . Voanews.com (12 December 2014). Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.punchng.com/news/mend-replies-pdp-says-buhari-best-candidate/|title = MEND replies PDP, says Buhari best candidate|date = 9 January 2015|website = punchng.com|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150110195931/http://www.punchng.com/news/mend-replies-pdp-says-buhari-best-candidate/|archive-date = 10 January 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref> Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2015, Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀, Olusegun Obasanjo, fi ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú PDP sílẹ̀, ó sì fọwọ́ sí i.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20150218-nigeria-ex-president-olusegun-obasanjo-lache-goodluck-jonathan-pdp-apc-boko-haram-presidentielle/|title = Nigeria: l'ex-président Olusegun Obasanjo lâche Goodluck Jonathan|date = 18 February 2015|access-date = 4 March 2015|publisher = RFI|archive-date = 10 March 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150310123841/http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20150218-nigeria-ex-president-olusegun-obasanjo-lache-goodluck-jonathan-pdp-apc-boko-haram-presidentielle/|url-status = live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta, Jonathan pe Buhari láti gbà pé òun ló yẹ kó jẹ́ ààrẹ, kí ó sì kí i kú oríire.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11507102/Muhammadu-Buhari-claims-victory-in-Nigerias-presidential-elections.html|title=Muhammadu Buhari claims victory in Nigeria's presidential elections|work=The Telegraph|author=Colin Freeman|date=31 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|archive-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401021040/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11507102/Muhammadu-Buhari-claims-victory-in-Nigerias-presidential-elections.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n búra fún Buhari ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2015 nínú ayẹyẹ kan tí ó kéré tán àwọn olórí ìpínlẹ̀ àti ìjọba mẹ́tàlélógún péjọ sí<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic succession complete as Buhari is sworn in as the president of Nigeria {{!}} Nigeria {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/29/historic-succession-complete-buhari-sworn-in-nigerian-president |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=amp.theguardian.com|date=29 May 2015 }}</ref> ===Ìbúra fún gẹ́gẹ́bíi ààre fún ìgbà kejì=== Ìbúra fún gẹ́gẹ́bíi ààre fún ìgbà kejì Buhari kejì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààrẹ kẹẹ̀dógún ti Nàìjíríà, àti ààrẹ kẹrin ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Nàìjíríà kẹrin wáyé ní ọjọ́rú, ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2019, lẹ́yìn ìdìbò ààrẹ Nàìjíríà ọdún 2019, ó sì ṣe àmì ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún mẹ́rin kejì àti ìkẹyìn ti Muhammadu Buhari gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààrẹ àti Yemi Osinbajo gẹ́gẹ́ bí igbákejì ààrẹ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Presidential Elections Results 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-f0b25208-4a1d-4068-a204-940cbe88d1d3 |date=26 February 2019 |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104082004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-f0b25208-4a1d-4068-a204-940cbe88d1d3 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ó jẹ́ ìfìdíkalẹ̀ ààrẹ kẹjọ ní Nàìjíríà, àti ọjọ́ kẹfà ní orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira kẹrin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fmic.gov.ng/inauguration-of-president-muhammadu-buhari-as-president-professor-yemi-osinbajo-as-vice-president-of-the-federal-republic-of-nigeria/ |title=2019 Presidential Inauguration Ceremony |last1=Oyeyemi |first1=Tunji |date=29 May 2019 |publisher=FMIC |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="speech">{{Cite web |last1=Erezi |first1=Dennis |title=Buhari sworn in for second term |url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-sworn-in-for-second-term/ |date=29 May 2019 |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] }}</ref> Ayẹyẹ ìbúra náà wáyé ní Eagle Square ní Abuja, agbègbè olú ìlú àpapọ̀ . Adájọ́ àgbà Tanko Muhammad ló ṣe ìbúra náà tí Ààrẹ Buhari àti Igbákejì Ààrẹ Yemi Osinbajo ṣe. Wọn kò sọ ọ̀rọ̀ ìbúra náà ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀.<ref name="speech"/> ==Gẹ́gẹ́bíi Ààre Orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà (2015–2023)== [[File:The heads of delegations attending the Russia-Africa Summit pose for photographs (2019-10-24).jpg|thumb|Buhari and other African leaders at the [[Russia–Africa Summit 2019]] in Sochi on 24 October 2019]] Buhari àti àwọn olórí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà mìíràn níbi ìpàdé Russia-Africa 2019 ní Sochi ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2019 Àròpín ìwọ̀n ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé jẹ́ 0.9% láti ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ìjọba, àti ní ọdún 2020, àìníṣẹ́ wà ní ipò gíga jùlọ ti 23%, pẹ̀lú àwọn mílíọ̀nù tí wọ́n ń wọ inú ipò òṣì.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/05/30/nigerians-got-poorer-in-muhammadu-buharis-first-term|title=Nigerians got poorer in Muhammadu Buhari's first term|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=26 March 2020|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326160508/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/05/30/nigerians-got-poorer-in-muhammadu-buharis-first-term|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ọdún 2015 lọ, Buhari pàdánù àwọn olùtìlẹ́yìn rẹ̀ nítorí ìwà àìlágbára rẹ̀ àti ṣíṣe ìpinnu tí ó ń ronú jinlẹ̀.<ref name= "ebe">{{Cite journal|last=Obadare|first=Ebenezer|year=2019|title=Introduction: Nigeria – Twenty years of civil rule|journal=African Affairs |volume= 121|issue= 485|pages= e75–e86|doi=10.1093/afraf/adz004}}</ref> ===Àwọn alabase ìjọba rèé=== Àwọn olùdámọ̀ràn pàtàkì Buhari ni: ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀ Mamman Daura, oníṣòwò Ismaila Isa Funtua, olùṣiṣẹ́ òṣèlú Baba Gana Kingibe, Abba Kyari Olórí Òṣìṣẹ́ sí Ààrẹ ; àti láti ìgbà ìkẹyìn ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, Boss Mustapha Akọ̀wé sí Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ . Nígbà tí ó ń fún àwọn kábíìsì ìdáná oúnjẹ rẹ̀ lágbára lẹ́yìn ìgbékalẹ̀ kejì rẹ̀, Buhari sọ pé òun fẹ́ràn àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ láti wá ìpàdé tàbí ìgbìmọ̀ láti darí irú ìbéèrè bẹ́ẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ olórí òṣìṣẹ́ tàbí nípasẹ̀ akọ̀wé ìjọba.<ref name= "ebe"/> Láti ìgbà ìjọba kẹrin, àwọn ipò mínísítà ní òfin gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ti ìjọba àpapọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìránṣẹ́ kan tí ó ń ṣojú fún gbogbo ìpínlẹ̀ àpapọ̀. Àbájáde èyí ti dá àbájáde àwọn ọ̀ràn ìṣèlú sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun pàtàkì nínú yíyan àwọn mínísítà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú ìbílẹ̀ tí kò ní àǹfààní láti gba ipò mínísítà. Àwọn èrò ìṣèlú àti ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ààrẹ àti ìgbìmọ̀ inú rẹ̀ ti nípa lórí yíyan àwọn mínísítà sínú ìgbìmọ̀ mínísítà Buhari<ref name="vol60" /> Ní oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2019, ààrẹ yan àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọkùnrin tí ọjọ́ orí wọn jẹ́ ọgọ́ta ọdún, tí àwọn òṣèlú tàbí àwọn tó sún mọ́ ààrẹ sì ń ṣàkóso..<ref name="gang" /> Àwọn gómìnà méjì tó ti jẹ́ ọlọ́rọ̀ láti Niger Delta, Timipre Sylva àti Godswill Akpabio, tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú alatako PDP àti àwọn mínísítà mẹ́rìnlá tí wọ́n ti dúró síbẹ̀, tí àwọn alárìíwísí sọ pé àwọn kò ṣe dáadáa tàbí pé wọ́n ní ìbátan tó dára pẹ̀lú olórí ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ kan<ref name="gang">{{Cite journal |date=26 July 2019 |title=The Gang of 43 breaks cover |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/12703/The_Gang_of_43_breaks_cover |journal=African Confidential |language=en |volume=60 |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-date=1 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101173158/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/12703/The_Gang_of_43_breaks_cover |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ìlera rèé === Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2016, Buhari fagilé ìbẹ̀wò ọjọ́ méjì sí ìlú Èkó láti ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́ ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà, ṣùgbọ́n Igbákejì Ààrẹ Yemi Osinbajo ló ṣojú fún un lẹ́yìn tí ó sọ pé “àrùn etí” kan wà tí wọ́n rò pé ó jẹ́ àrùn Ménière..<ref>{{cite news|last=Adetayo|first=Olalekan|date=22 May 2016|title=Buhari cancels two-day state visit to Lagos|work=[[The Punch]]|location=[[Abuja]]|url=http://punchng.com/buhari-cancels-two-day-state-visit-lagos/|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=27 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627153104/http://punchng.com/buhari-cancels-two-day-state-visit-lagos/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù kẹfà, Buhari rìnrìn àjò lọ sí orílẹ̀- èdè United Kingdom láti wá ìtọ́jú ìṣègùn.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nwabughuiogu|first=Levinus|date=6 June 2016|title=Buhari heads to London for medical treatment|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard News]]|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/buhari-heads-london-medical-treatment/|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711005842/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/buhari-heads-london-medical-treatment/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ifijeh|first=Martins|date=9 June 2016|title=Nigeria: Meniere's Disease and Buhari's Health|work=[[Thisday]] Live|publisher=All Africa|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201606090823.html|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=15 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615002826/http://allafrica.com/stories/201606090823.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Èyí ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbọ́ pé Agbẹnusọ Ààrẹ Femi Adesina sọ pé Buhari “lágbára tó bẹ́ẹ̀” àti pé “aláìlera àti ọkàn”, èyí sì mú kí àwọn onímọ̀ nípa ìṣèlú àti àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀ bínú gidigidi, wọ́n sì tún kọ̀ ọ́.<ref>{{cite news|title=Buhari Travelled Abroad Over Poor Health – Nigerians|work=[[Naij]]|url=https://www.naij.com/388658-buhari-travelled-abroad-over-poor-health-nigerians.html|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820114334/https://www.naij.com/388658-buhari-travelled-abroad-over-poor-health-nigerians.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rahman|first=Tunde|date=11 June 2016|title=On President Buhari's Health|work=ThisDay Live|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/06/11/on-president-buharis-health/|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=27 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627174256/http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/06/11/on-president-buharis-health/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kolawole|first=O'Femi|date=7 June 2016|title=President Buhari's health and Aso Rock lies|work=The Cable|url=https://www.thecable.ng/president-buharis-health-aso-rock-lies|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=8 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608133442/https://www.thecable.ng/president-buharis-health-aso-rock-lies|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2017, lẹ́yìn ohun tí wọ́n pè ní “àyẹ̀wò ìṣègùn déédéé” ní UK,<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 January 2017|title=Buhari not dead – Presidency|language=en-GB|newspaper=Premium Times Nigeria|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/221184-buhari-not-dead-presidency.html|access-date=6 February 2017|archive-date=7 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207113154/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/221184-buhari-not-dead-presidency.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Buhari bẹ ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin láti fa ìsinmi ìṣègùn rẹ̀ síwájú láti dúró de àwọn àbájáde àyẹ̀wò.<ref>{{cite web|title=Muhammadu Buhari extends medical leave in UK|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/muhammadu-buhari-medical-leave-uk-170206042202525.html|access-date=6 February 2017|website=Aljazeera|archive-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206163247/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/muhammadu-buhari-medical-leave-uk-170206042202525.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ́fíìsì rẹ̀ kò fúnni ní àlàyé síwájú sí i nípa ipò ìlera rẹ̀ tàbí ọjọ́ tí wọ́n retí pé yóò padà dé.<ref>{{cite web|title=Buhari fails to return – New Telegraph Nigerian Newspaper|url= https://newtelegraphonline.com/news/buhari-fails-return/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208041432/https://newtelegraphonline.com/news/buhari-fails-return/|archive-date=8 February 2017|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kejì, Ààrẹ Buhari fúnra rẹ̀ fọwọ́ sí lẹ́tà kan tí a kọ sí Ààrẹ Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin ti Nàìjíríà tí ó ń kìlọ̀ fún un nípa àfikún ìsinmi ọdọọdún rẹ̀, tí ó sì fi igbákejì ààrẹ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ ní ipò àkóso.<ref>Ismail Mudashir, [http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/i-won-t-return-until-doctors-are-satisfied-buhari/184892.html "I won’t return until doctors are satisfied – Buhari"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170212102522/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/i-won-t-return-until-doctors-are-satisfied-buhari/184892.html|date=12 February 2017}}, ''Daily Trust'', 12 February 2017.</ref><ref>[http://thenationonlineng.net/cant-return-home-now-buhari/ "Why I can’t return home now, by Buhari"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213141408/http://thenationonlineng.net/cant-return-home-now-buhari/ |date=13 February 2017 }}, ''The Nation''</ref><ref>[http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/223218-exclusive-i-wont-return-doctors-satisfied-buhari.html "XCLUSIVE: I won’t return until doctors are satisfied — Buhari"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164343/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/223218-exclusive-i-wont-return-doctors-satisfied-buhari.html |date=13 February 2017 }}, ''Premium Times'', 11 February 2017.</ref> Lẹ́yìn àìsí ọjọ́ 51 ní ipò, Ààrẹ Buhari padà sí Nàìjíríà. Ó dé sí Pápá Òfurufú Kaduna ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kẹta.<ref>{{cite web|author=adekunle|date=10 March 2017|title=Ag. President, others receive Buhari in Presidential Villa|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/ag-president-others-receive-buhari-in-presidential-villa/|access-date=11 April 2017|website=Vanguard News|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310095225/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/ag-president-others-receive-buhari-in-presidential-villa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Comrade|first=Ameh|date=10 March 2017|title=Buhari returns to Nigeria|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/03/10/breaking-buhari-returns-nigeria/|access-date=11 April 2017|website=Daily Post Nigeria|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310084839/http://dailypost.ng/2017/03/10/breaking-buhari-returns-nigeria/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=10 March 2017|title=UPDATED: Buhari arrives Nigeria|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/225725-updated-buhari-arrives-nigeria.html|access-date=11 April 2017|website=Premium Times Nigeria|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310112107/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/225725-updated-buhari-arrives-nigeria.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwífún díẹ̀ ló wà nígbà tí ó wà ní London, wọ́n yàwòrán rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù kẹta nígbà tí ó pàdé àlùfáà àgbà jùlọ ní ìjọ Anglican àgbáyé, Archbishop ti Canterbury Justin Welby.<ref>{{cite news|date=10 March 2017|title=Nigeria President Buhari: I've never been so sick|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39228656|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-date=13 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413143509/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39228656|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Muhammadu Buhari returns home from London medical leave|work=Nigeria News|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/muhammadu-buhari-returned-home-state-media-170310065849423.html|access-date=11 April 2017|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310125927/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/muhammadu-buhari-returned-home-state-media-170310065849423.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Igbákejì Ààrẹ Yemi Osibanjo ṣì wà ní ipò àkóso gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkóso ààrẹ, nígbà tí Ààrẹ náà ń bá a lọ láti gbádùn ara rẹ̀ ní Abuja.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 March 2017|title=Breaking: Osinbajo remains Acting President, says Buhari|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/breaking-need-rest-says-buhari/|access-date=11 April 2017|website=Vanguard News|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310112931/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/breaking-need-rest-says-buhari/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ààrẹ náà kò rí àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì àti àwọn ènìyàn ní gbangba ní oṣù méjì lẹ́yìn tí ó padà sí ipò láti England. Nínú ọ̀ràn tó kẹ́yìn, kò sí níbi ìpàdé Ìgbìmọ̀ Àgbà Àpapọ̀ (FEC), ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ṣe ní Eagle Square ní Abuja ní ọjọ́ oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2017. <ref>{{cite web|date=1 May 2017|title=#WhereIsBuhari: President Buhari Absent From May Day Rally|url=http://saharareporters.com/2017/05/01/whereisbuhari-president-buhari-absent-may-day-rally|access-date=21 August 2017|website=Sahara Reporters|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809185308/http://saharareporters.com/2017/05/01/whereisbuhari-president-buhari-absent-may-day-rally|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Nathaniel|first=Soonest|date=2 May 2017|title=Panic over Buhari's health: OBJ, IBB, Abdulsalami to meet secretly in Minna|url=https://www.naij.com/1102293-panic-buharis-health-obj-ibb-abdulsalami-meet-secretly-minna.html|access-date=21 August 2017|website=naij.com|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803220218/https://www.naij.com/1102293-panic-buharis-health-obj-ibb-abdulsalami-meet-secretly-minna.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 May 2017|title=Falana & Civil Society Leaders Urge President Buhari to take Medical Leave|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/falana-civil-society-leaders-urge-president-buhari-to-take-medical-leave/|website=BellaNaija|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-date=2 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502134625/https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/falana-civil-society-leaders-urge-president-buhari-to-take-medical-leave/|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn àbá nípa ìlera Ààrẹ tàn káàkiri gbogbogbòò ní ọjọ́ tó tẹ̀lé ìfẹ́ Ààrẹ Buhari láti " ṣiṣẹ́ láti ilé".<ref>{{cite web|date=26 April 2017|title=Buhari To Work From Home Today • Channels Television|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/04/26/buhari-to-work-from-home-today/|access-date=21 August 2017|website=channelstv.com|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812133228/http://www.channelstv.com/2017/04/26/buhari-to-work-from-home-today/|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn olókìkí kan ní Nàìjíríà rọ Ààrẹ láti lọ sí ìsinmi ìlera fún ìgbà pípẹ́, sọ pé kò ṣe ìfarahàn ní gbangba láàárín ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 May 2017|title=Nigeria's President Buhari urged to take medical leave|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39778012|access-date=21 August 2017|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803215010/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39778012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=1 May 2017|title=Buhari's health needs urgent medical attention – Falana|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/05/01/buharis-health-needs-urgent-medical-attention-falana/|access-date=21 August 2017|website=dailypost.ng|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212523/http://dailypost.ng/2017/05/01/buharis-health-needs-urgent-medical-attention-falana/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 May 2017|title=Muhammadu Buhari: Nigeria"s President urged to take medical leave|url=http://pulse.ng/local/muhammadu-buhari-nigerias-president-urged-to-take-medical-leave-id6612668.html|access-date=21 August 2017|website=pulse.ng|archive-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829010945/http://www.pulse.ng/local/muhammadu-buhari-nigerias-president-urged-to-take-medical-leave-id6612668.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bolashodun|first=Oluwatobi|date=28 April 2017|title=BREAKING: President Buhari absent at Friday Juma'at prayer in Aso Villa|url=https://www.naij.com/1101886-breaking-president-buhari-absent-juma-prayer-aso-villa.html|access-date=21 August 2017|website=naij.com|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803222157/https://www.naij.com/1101886-breaking-president-buhari-absent-juma-prayer-aso-villa.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ààrẹ Buhari tún kúrò ní Nàìjíríà fún àyẹ̀wò ìlera ní London ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2017.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 May 2017|title=Again, Buhari travels to UK for check-up, hands over to Osinbajo|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/buharill-still-travel-london-medicals-presidency/|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512002747/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/buharill-still-travel-london-medicals-presidency/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ààrẹ Buhari padà sí Nàìjíríà láti ìsinmi ìlera rẹ̀ ní United Kingdom ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún lẹ́yìn tí ó kúrò ní ìlú náà, ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buhari returns after lengthy UK medical treatment|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/nigeria-buhari-return-lengthy-uk-treatment-170819134302820.html|access-date=21 August 2017|website=www.aljazeera.com|archive-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820230206/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/nigeria-buhari-return-lengthy-uk-treatment-170819134302820.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Adeshida|first1=Abayomi|last2=Agbakwuru|first2=Johnbosco|last3=Nwabughiogu|first3=Levinus|last4=Ajayi|first4=Omeiza|title=After 104 days on medical vacation…Finally, Buhari returns|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/104-days-medical-vacation-finally-buhari-returns/|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=31 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831215926/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/104-days-medical-vacation-finally-buhari-returns/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù karùn-ún, Buhari kúrò ní Nàìjíríà lọ sí London fún àyẹ̀wò ìlera, nígbà tí ó dé láti USA; ó sì padà sí Nàìjíríà ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Buhari returns from UK medical trip|work=Punch Newspapers|url=http://www.punchng.com/buhari-returns-from-uk-medical-trip/|access-date=12 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511232111/http://www.punchng.com/buhari-returns-from-uk-medical-trip/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ètò ọrọ̀ ajé === Buhari jẹ́ àṣàyàn tó fani mọ́ra fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nítorí ìwà àìbàjẹ́ tó wà nínú rẹ̀. [1] Nígbà tí Buhari ti dé ipò àkóso, ó ti kó àwọn olùtìlẹ́yìn jọ ní ìdìbò mẹ́ta tó ti kọjá, ó lọ́ra láti fi èrò rẹ̀ hàn láti yanjú àwọn ìṣòro tó mẹ́nu kàn nígbà ìpolongo rẹ̀. Ìpinnu láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ètò ìṣèlú ilé rẹ̀ bíi yíyàn àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìgbìmọ̀ gba oṣù mẹ́fà,nígbà tí ìjà láàárín àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè náà dáwọ́ dúró.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Obadare|first1=Ebenezer|journal=Current History|date=May 2017|volume=116|issue=790|url=http://www.currenthistory.com/Article.php?ID=1414|title = Perspective: A Nigerian President's Disappointing Return |doi=10.1525/curh.2017.116.790.194 | archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142500/http://www.currenthistory.com/Article.php?ID=1414 }}</ref> Ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ tí Buhari fi wà ní ipò, Nàìjíríà ní ìṣòro ìdínkù nínú iye owó ọjà, èyí sì fa ìṣòro ọrọ̀ ajé.recession.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 March 2011 |title=Muhammadu Buhari, Nigeria's 'new broom' president in profile |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12890807 |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-date=30 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830020742/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807 |url-status=live }}</ref> Láti rí owó gbà láti dín àìtó owó tí wọ́n ń gbà kù àti láti ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún ìnáwó ìdókòwò ìdàgbàsókè, Buhari rìnrìn àjò lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè ogún láti wá owó gbèsè.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=June 2016 |title=Economy Thwarts Buhari |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.07042.x |journal=Afr Res Bull Econ |language=en |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=21242B–21244B |doi=10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.07042.x|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Nípa báyìí, a ti gbé ìpín ìnáwó ìdàgbàsókè sí ètò ìnáwó ìnáwó padà sí ọjọ́ mìíràn.<ref>{{cite journal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=18 November 2016 |title=Political schisms hit recovery and reform |url=http://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/11829/Political_schisms_hit_recovery_and_reform |journal=African Confidential |volume=57 |issue=23 |access-date=18 November 2016 |archive-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121172005/http://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/11829/Political_schisms_hit_recovery_and_reform |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ìjọba, Naira, owó Nàìjíríà, dínkù ní ọjà dúdú, èyí sì mú kí ìyàtọ̀ wà láàárín owó pàṣípààrọ̀ ìjọba àti owó dúdú.<ref>{{cite news|title=Verbatim: Why I attempted absconding from office after becoming President — Buhari – OAK TV|url=https://oak.tv/attempted-absconding-officeri/|access-date=2 January 2017|work=oak.tv|agency=Oak TV|publisher=Oak TV|archive-date=3 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103094211/https://oak.tv/attempted-absconding-officeri/|url-status=live|archivedate=3 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103094211/https://oak.tv/attempted-absconding-officeri/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Àìtó owó pàṣípààrọ̀ àjèjì kan kọlu onírúurú ilé iṣẹ́, títí kan àwọn olùtajà epo rọ̀bì. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìyàtọ̀ láàárín owó pàṣípààrọ̀ ìjọba àti owó dúdú ṣí àǹfààní sílẹ̀ fún àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ dáadáa láti kópa nínú àríyànjiyàn, èyí sì fi àwọ̀ ààrẹ lòdì sí ìwà ìbàjẹ́ ṣẹ̀sín. Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2016, ìjọba kéde ìgbéga nínú owó pàṣípààrọ̀ ìjọba láti dín àìtó owó pàṣípààrọ̀ ọjà kù nítorí àìtó owó pàṣípààrọ̀ àjèjì.<ref name="pill"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 July 2016 |title=NIGERIA: A Turbulent Year |journal=Afr Res Bull Econ |volume=53 |issue=5 }}</ref> Ní ọdún 2016, ọrọ̀ ajé orílẹ̀-èdè náà dínkù sí 1.6% àti ní ọdún 2017, a rò pé ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé fún ẹnìkọ̀ọ̀kan kò ní jẹ́ ohun tí ó ṣe pàtàkì. Ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí Buhari yóò lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí orílẹ̀-èdè bá ìdínkù nínú owó epo tí ó jọ ti ìgbà kejì rẹ̀ mu, ṣùgbọ́n ìjọba rẹ̀ kò fi ìsapá pàtàkì hàn láti pín àwọn orísun ìnáwó ìjọba sí oríṣiríṣi. Ìṣúná owó ọdún 2018 fi ètò ìnáwó ìfẹ̀sí hàn pẹ̀lú owó tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ bíi àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì, àwọn afárá àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref name="pill">{{cite news |title=Nigeria has let a crisis go to waste |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2f7d3a24-66eb-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614 |website=Financial Times |date=12 July 2017 |last1=Pilling |first1=David |access-date=14 February 2018 |archive-date=15 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215023426/https://www.ft.com/content/2f7d3a24-66eb-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614 |url-status=live }}</ref> Láti ìgbà tí ìdàgbàsókè ètò ọrọ̀ ajé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìbàjẹ́ ọdún 2016, ìlọsíwájú díẹ̀díẹ̀ ti mú kí orílẹ̀-èdè náà wà lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn aládùúgbò rẹ̀ ní agbègbè náà nínú ìdàgbàsókè GDP. Ìpele àìníṣẹ́ ṣì ga, gbogbo ìsapá láti mú owó tí kì í ṣe epo pọ̀ sí i kò tíì sunwọ̀n sí i, nígbà tí ìnáwó àìtó ìjọba ní nínú ìpín pàtàkì nínú ìnáwó ọdọọdún rẹ̀ tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún àwọn gbèsè iṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Buhari opens the war chest|journal=Africa Confidential|date=17 November 2017|volume=58|issue=23|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12169/Buhari_opens_the_war_chest|language=en|access-date=14 February 2018|archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214202744/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12169/Buhari_opens_the_war_chest|url-status=live}}</ref> Buhari pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn olórí Báńkì Àárín Gbùngbùn bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà láti mú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ sunwọ̀n síi nípa ṣíṣe ìgbìyànjú láti fi àwọn ilé ìfowópamọ́ àdáni fún iṣẹ́ náà àti ìdíwọ́ fún pàṣípààrọ̀ owó òkèèrè ní owó tí ó yẹ fún gbígbé àwọn ọjà oúnjẹ tí a ń gbìn ní agbègbè wọlé. Ní àsìkò kejì rẹ̀, mínísítà ìnáwó, Udo Udoma àti mínísítà ìṣòwò, Enemalah, tí àwọn méjèèjì fẹ́ràn ìtúsílẹ̀ òmìnira, ni a kò dá padà.<ref name="vol60">{{Cite journal |date=30 August 2019 |title=Executive exerts its privilege |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege |journal=Africa Confidential |language=en |volume=60 |issue=17 |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege |url-status=live }}{{Cite journal |date=30 August 2019 |title=Executive exerts its privilege |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege |journal=Africa Confidential |language=en |volume=60 |issue=17 |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege |url-status=live }}</ref> Ìjọba tẹ̀síwájú láti lo owó pàṣípààrọ̀ tó rọrùn títí di ìgbà kejì ìjọba náà bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn alárìíwísí ń tọ́ka sí ètò owó pàṣípààrọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tó ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ ìlòkulò àdájọ́ àti ìfàsẹ́yìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ ìjọba.<ref name="vol6013"/> ===Itọju àwọn àwùjọ=== Ní ọdún 2016, Buhari ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ Ètò Ìdókòwò Àwùjọ Orílẹ̀-èdè, ètò ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwùjọ orílẹ̀-èdè kan.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Fahd |first1=Abdulmalik |date=22 November 2016|title=Is the N-Power programme key to delivering a campaign promise?|url=http://venturesafrica.com/n-power-key-to-delivering-campaign-promise/|access-date=15 July 2020|website=Ventures Africa|language=en-US|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701192731/http://venturesafrica.com/n-power-key-to-delivering-campaign-promise/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ètò náà ni a ṣẹ̀dá láti rí i dájú pé a pín àwọn ohun èlò fún àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ìṣòro, títí bí àwọn ọmọdé, àwọn ọ̀dọ́, àti àwọn obìnrin. Ètò mẹ́rin ló wà tí a fẹ́ láti kojú ipò òṣì, àìníṣẹ́ àti láti ran lọ́wọ́ láti mú kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé pọ̀ sí i:<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Social Investments Programme|url=https://n-sip.gov.ng/|access-date=15 July 2020|website=N-SIP|language=en-US|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808140917/https://n-sip.gov.ng/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Ètò N-Power fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé Nàìjíríà ní ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ àti ẹ̀kọ́, àti owó oṣù tí wọ́n ń gbà láti san 30,000 náírà Nàìjíríà (US$83.33). * Npower jẹ́ ètò ìdókòwò àwùjọ tí Ààrẹ Muhammadu Buhari bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2016 láti mú kí iye àwọn ọ̀dọ́ gba iṣẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. A gbé ètò náà kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá pàtàkì nínú ètò Ìdókòwò Àwùjọ Orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gbígba ọgbọ́n àti kíkọ́ agbára àwọn olùjẹun náà kù. * Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Owó Àfikún (CCTP) ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ aláìlera jùlọ nípa pípèsè owó fún àwọn tí wọ́n wà ní ẹgbẹ́ àwọn tí owó wọn kéré jùlọ, tí ó ń ran lọ́wọ́ láti dín òṣì kù, mú oúnjẹ àti ìlera ara ẹni sunwọ̀n síi, àti ṣíṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún ìdàgbàsókè nípasẹ̀ lílo oúnjẹ púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2022 |title=Full transcript of Buhari's interview with Bloomberg |url=https://punchng.com/full-transcript-of-buharis-interview-with-bloomberg/ |access-date=11 December 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ètò Ìṣòwò àti Ìfúnnilókun Ìjọba (GEEP) jẹ́ ètò ìṣòwò kékeré tí ó ń ṣe àfojúsùn àwọn àgbẹ̀, àwọn oníṣòwò kékeré àti àwọn obìnrin ọjà pẹ̀lú àfiyèsí. Ètò yìí pèsè àwọn owó gbèsè láìsanwó fún àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ rẹ̀, èyí tí ó ń ran àwọn ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti dín iye owó ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ìṣòwò kù ní Nàìjíríà. Àwọn ètò náà ní: TraderMoni, MarketMoni àti FarmerMoni. * Ètò Oúnjẹ fún Àwọn Ọmọ Ilé-ìwé ní Orílẹ̀-èdè (NHGSF) gbìyànjú láti mú kí àwọn ọmọ ilé-ìwé máa forúkọ sílẹ̀ ní ilé-ìwé nípa pípèsè oúnjẹ ọ̀fẹ́ fún àwọn ọmọ ilé-ìwé, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn tí wọ́n wà ní àwọn agbègbè aláìní àti àwọn tí kò ní ààbò oúnjẹ. Ètò náà ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn àgbẹ̀ agbègbè náà, ó sì fẹ́ fún àwọn obìnrin lágbára gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣe oúnjẹ, kíkọ́ àwùjọ àti láti mú kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀-ajé láti oko dé orí tábìlì dúró. A ti ṣètò ètò náà tẹ́lẹ̀ láti ọ́fíìsì Igbákejì Ààrẹ Yemi Osinbajo, títí di ọdún 2019, nígbà tí wọ́n gbé ètò náà lọ sí Ilé-iṣẹ́ tuntun fún Àwọn Ọ̀ràn Ìrànlọ́wọ́, Ìṣàkóso Àjálù àti Ìdàgbàsókè Àwùjọ lábẹ́ Sadiya Umar Farouq . Nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ fún Ọjọ́ Òmìnira ọdún 2019, Ààrẹ sọ pé ìgbìmọ̀ náà jẹ́ nítorí àìní láti mú kí àwọn ètò náà wà ní ìpìlẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-says-n-power-others-will-be-institutionalised/ |title = Buhari says N-Power, others will be institutionalised|date = October 2019|access-date = 5 August 2020|archive-date = 4 December 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211204194310/https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-says-n-power-others-will-be-institutionalised/|url-status = live}}</ref> ===Igbogun ti ìwà ìbàjé=== [[File:General_Buhari_holding_a_broom_at_a_campign_rally.jpg|thumb|Buhari holding a broom at a campaign rally in 2015.]] Àdéhùn ohun ìjà tó tó bílíọ̀nù méjì dọ́là ni wọ́n tú àṣírí lẹ́yìn ìròyìn ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ìgbìmọ̀ ìwádìí Buhari lórí ríra ohun ìjà lábẹ́ ìjọba Goodluck Jonathan. Ìròyìn ìgbìmọ̀ náà fi hàn pé owó tí wọ́n ná sí owó tí kò tó bílíọ̀nù N643.8 àti owó tí wọ́n ná sí owó ilẹ̀ òkèèrè tó tó bílíọ̀nù méjì dọ́là lábẹ́ àkóso Goodluck Jonathan. Ìwádìí àkọ́kọ́ fi hàn pé ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n ti san owó tó tó bílíọ̀nù méjì dọ́là fún ríra ohun ìjà láti gbógun ti ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram ní Nàìjíríà. Ìròyìn ìwádìí náà fi hàn pé owó tó tó bílíọ̀nù méjì dọ́là ni wọ́n fi sí ọ́fíìsì Olùdámọ̀ràn Ààbò Orílẹ̀-èdè fún ríra ohun ìjà láti gbógun ti ìṣọ̀tẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò ná owó náà fún ìdí tí wọ́n fi san owó náà. Ìwádìí lórí àdéhùn àìtọ́ yìí mú kí wọ́n mú Sambo Dasuki, Olùdámọ̀ràn Ààbò Orílẹ̀-èdè tẹ́lẹ̀ tó sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà pàtàkì tó wà nínú àdéhùn náà lẹ́yìn náà. Awọn ti a mẹnuba ati ti wọn mu ni Raymond Dokpesi, Alaga Emeritus ti DAAR Communications Plc, Attahiru Bafarawa, Gomina Ipinle Sokoto tẹlẹ, ati Bashir Yuguda, Minisita ti Ipinle fun Isuna tẹlẹ, Azubuike Ihejirika, Olori Oṣiṣẹ Ile-ogun, Adesola Nunayon Amosu, Oloye tẹlẹ ti Awọn Oṣiṣẹ Ile-iṣẹ afẹfẹ, Alex Badeh miiran ti mẹnuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=restsquared.blogg.se – Freeciv roads |url=https://restsquared.blogg.se/2023/april/freeciv-roads.html |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=restsquared.blogg.se |language=sv |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907183837/https://restsquared.blogg.se/2023/april/freeciv-roads.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ìnáwó ti ìjọba àpapọ̀ kéde ìlànà ìfọ̀rọ̀wérọ̀ kan pẹ̀lú èrè 2.5%–5%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/White-Collar-Crime/Nigeria/Sofunde-Osakwe-Ogundipe-Belgore/Federal-Ministry-of-Finance-introduces-new-whistleblowing-initiative/|title=Federal Ministry of Finance introduces new whistleblowing initiative|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206165902/http://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/White-Collar-Crime/Nigeria/Sofunde-Osakwe-Ogundipe-Belgore/Federal-Ministry-of-Finance-introduces-new-whistleblowing-initiative|archive-date=6 February 2017}}</ref> Ète rẹ̀ ni láti gba ìwífún tàbí ìwífún tó báramu nípa: ìrúfin àwọn ìlànà ìnáwó, àìṣàkóso owó àti dúkìá gbogbogbòò, àìṣiṣẹ́ owó, jìbìtì, àti olè jíjà.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2017 |title=Federal Ministry of Finance introduces new whistleblowing initiative – Newsletters – International Law Office |url=http://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/White-Collar-Crime/Nigeria/Sofunde-Osakwe-Ogundipe-Belgore/Federal-Ministry-of-Finance-introduces-new-whistleblowing-initiative |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206165902/http://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/White-Collar-Crime/Nigeria/Sofunde-Osakwe-Ogundipe-Belgore/Federal-Ministry-of-Finance-introduces-new-whistleblowing-initiative |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 February 2017 |access-date=9 September 2024 }}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2016, wọ́n fẹ̀sùn kan Ààrẹ Buhari lẹ́yìn tí ìròyìn kan tí wọ́n gbé jáde nínú ìwé ìròyìn rí i pé ó ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ ìdènà nígbà tí wọ́n ń ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìpolówó àtúntò orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n pè ní "Ìyípadà bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú mi". Wọ́n wá rí i pé ọ̀rọ̀ náà jáde láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ààrẹ Amẹ́ríkà tẹ́lẹ̀ rí , Barack Obama, ní ọdún 2009.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 January 2017 |title=Buhari and other leaders caught in plagiarism scandal |url=https://www.naij.com/1081685-buhari-leaders-caught-plagiarism-scandal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202051531/https://www.naij.com/1081685-buhari-leaders-caught-plagiarism-scandal.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |website=Naij.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2016 |title=Nigerian president apologizes for plagiarizing Obama in speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/17/nigerian-president-apologizes-for-plagiarizing-obama-in-speech |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202124714/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/17/nigerian-president-apologizes-for-plagiarizing-obama-in-speech |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Ààrẹ tọrọ àforíjì lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n sì sọ pé "àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ní ìtara jù" ló fa àṣìṣe náà, wọ́n sì tún fún "Àwọn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀bi" ní ẹ̀tọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria's Buhari admits line plagiarised from Obama |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/nigeria-buhari-admits-line-plagiarised-obama-160917085048164.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064117/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/nigeria-buhari-admits-line-plagiarised-obama-160917085048164.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |website=Aljazeera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2016 |title=Nigeria president blames aide for plagiarising Obama |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37395605 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121102758/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37395605 |archive-date=21 January 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọ̀sẹ̀ kan lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n tún gba igbákejì olùdarí ní Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin tí wọ́n so mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀ náà, ààrẹ sì fi dá gbogbo ènìyàn lójú pé àwọn ti gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti yẹra fún irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìtìjú bẹ́ẹ̀ nípa lílo àwọn irinṣẹ́ oní-nọ́ńbà tí ó ń ṣàwárí ìdènà.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 September 2016 |title=Buhari sacks own official over plagiarism of Obama's speech |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/09/buhari-sacks-official-plagiarism-obamas-speech/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043740/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/09/buhari-sacks-official-plagiarism-obamas-speech/ |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |website=Vanguard Newspaper}}</ref> Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2018, Ìgbìmọ̀ Àwọn Ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ Ìwà-Ìbàjẹ́ àti Owó-orí (EFCC), àjọ tó ń gbógun ti ìwà-ìbàjẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà, kéde pé àwọn ènìyàn 603 ní Nàìjíríà ni wọ́n ti dá lẹ́bi lórí ẹ̀sùn ìwà-ìbàjẹ́ láti ìgbà tí Buhari ti gba ipò ní ọdún 2015.<ref name=judgesandmilitary>{{cite web| url = https://allafrica.com/stories/201805290530.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180529132530/http://allafrica.com/stories/201805290530.html| archive-date = 29 May 2018| title = Nigeria: EFCC Secures 603 Convictions in Three Years - allAfrica.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428090013/https://allafrica.com/stories/201805290530.html |date=28 April 2020 }}</ref> EFCC tún kéde pé fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìtàn Nàìjíríà, àwọn adájọ́ àti àwọn olórí ológun pẹ̀lú àwọn olórí ogun tí wọ́n ti fẹ̀yìntì ni wọ́n ń fi ẹ̀sùn ìwà-ìbàjẹ́ kàn.<ref name=judgesandmilitary /> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tó yọrí sí rere ni a tún fi lé olórí EFCC ti Buhari, Ibrahim Magu, lọ́wọ́.<ref name=judgesandmilitary /> Lábẹ́ Buhari, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbà Walter Onnoghen ni wọ́n dá lẹ́bi ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2019, fún ìkéde ohun ìní èké.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/325953-breaking-cct-convicts-onnoghen-of-false-assets-declaration.html|title=CCT convicts Onnoghen of false assets declaration -|date=18 April 2019|website=Premium Times Nigeria|language=en-GB|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612152407/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/325953-breaking-cct-convicts-onnoghen-of-false-assets-declaration.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2019, wọ́n gbé Mohammed Bello Adoke, Agbẹjọ́rò Àgbà ti Àpapọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ rí, lọ sí Nàìjíríà láti gbé ẹjọ́ wọn kalẹ̀ lórí ẹ̀sùn ìwà-ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Nigerian attorney general arrested, to face corruption charges – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/20/c_138646834.htm|access-date=13 July 2020|website=www.xinhuanet.com|archive-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428225314/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/20/c_138646834.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní oṣù kíní ọdún 2020, Transparency International ṣì fún Nàìjíríà ní iṣẹ́ tó kéré nínú àkójọ ìmọ̀ ìwà-ìbàjẹ́ rẹ̀.ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/01/23/transparency-international-scores-nigeria-low-on-corruption-perception-index/|title=Why Nigeria Was Ranked Low in Corruption Index – Transparency International|date=23 January 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407125427/https://www.channelstv.com/2020/01/23/transparency-international-scores-nigeria-low-on-corruption-perception-index/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/breaking-nigeria-ranks-lower-on-transparency-internationals-corruption-index|title=Nigeria drops, ranked fourth most corrupt in West Africa on TI corruption index|date=23 January 2020|access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228112056/https://www.thecable.ng/breaking-nigeria-ranks-lower-on-transparency-internationals-corruption-index|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2020, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ (DSS) mú Ibrahim Magu, alága EFCC nítorí pé ó ba àwọn ìròyìn ààbò jẹ́ nípa àwọn ìgbòkègbodò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí olùgbèjà ìwà ìbàjẹ́ ìjọba Buhari àti àwọn àìṣedéédéé owó tí wọ́n sọ. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n fi Mohammed Umar rọ́pò rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 July 2020|title=Security agents arrest EFCC chairman Ibrahim Magu|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/401419-security-agents-arrest-efcc-chairman-ibrahim-magu.html|access-date=13 July 2020|language=en-GB|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712110937/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/401419-security-agents-arrest-efcc-chairman-ibrahim-magu.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=13 July 2020|title=EFCC: Ibrahim Magu opens up on 'N550b missing interest'|url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/07/13/efcc-ibrahim-magu-opens-up-on-n550b-missing-interest/|access-date=13 July 2020|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713181943/https://dailypost.ng/2020/07/13/efcc-ibrahim-magu-opens-up-on-n550b-missing-interest/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Olisah|first=Chike|date=10 July 2020|title=Buhari appoints new Ag. Chairman of EFCC, gives reason for Magu's suspension|url=https://nairametrics.com/2020/07/10/buhari-appoints-new-ag-chairman-of-efcc-gives-reason-for-magus-suspension/|access-date=13 July 2020|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713144300/https://nairametrics.com/2020/07/10/buhari-appoints-new-ag-chairman-of-efcc-gives-reason-for-magus-suspension/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Mac-Leva|first1=Fidelis|last2=Mutum|first2=Ronald|last3=Jimoh|first3=Abbas|date=12 July 2020|title=All eyes on new EFCC helmsman, Mohammed Umar|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/all-eyes-on-new-efcc-helmsman-mohammed-umar.html|access-date=13 July 2020|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713235714/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/all-eyes-on-new-efcc-helmsman-mohammed-umar.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2020, olórí ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú ìyípadà owó ìfẹ̀yìntì tẹ́lẹ̀, Abdulrasheed Maina, tí wọ́n mú ní orílẹ̀-èdè Niger tí ó wà ní àdúgbò lẹ́yìn tí ó fòfin de beli, fara hàn ní ilé ẹjọ́ ní Abuja lórí ẹ̀sùn 12 ti jìbìtì àti ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ owó.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55175746|title=Maina: Former Pension Reform Taskforce boss collapse for Abuja court|publisher=BBC News|date=3 December 2020|access-date=23 December 2020|archive-date=6 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206014754/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55175746|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n mú Ali Ndume, sínétọ̀ kan tí ó ń ṣojú fún Borno South, lẹ́yìn tí ó fòfin de beli náà pẹ̀lú.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2020/12/22/aisha-buhari-magu-others-top-political-scandals-2020|title=Aisha Buhari, Magu, Others: Top Political Scandals In 2020|publisher=Sahara Reporters|date=22 December 2020|access-date=23 December 2020|archive-date=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222133407/http://saharareporters.com/2020/12/22/aisha-buhari-magu-others-top-political-scandals-2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Àwọn ọ̀ràn ètò ààbò=== === Niger Delta === Nàìjíríà ni ibi ìpamọ́ epo robi kejì tó tóbi jùlọ ní Áfíríkà, àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ tí wọ́n ń rí ní agbègbè Niger Delta ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún tí wọ́n fi ń ṣe epo ti ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ẹja nípasẹ̀ ìtújáde epo.<ref name="hyrep222">{{Cite journal|date=13 September 2019|title=The oil clean-up that didn't?|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12746/The_oil_clean-up_that_didn%27t|language=en|journal= Africa Confidential | volume = 60 | number = 18 | archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023154231/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12746/The_oil_clean-up_that_didn%27t|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìjọba bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àtúnṣe Hydrocarbon Pollution Remediation Project (HYPREP) láti ran lọ́wọ́ láti mú kí Ogoniland mọ́ nígbà tí àwọn gómìnà ìpínlẹ̀ mìíràn ní agbègbè náà fẹ́ irú ètò bẹ́ẹ̀. Wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ HYPREP ní ọdún 2005 ṣùgbọ́n ó ti lọ́ra láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àtúnṣe ní orí ilẹ̀ Ogoni.<ref name="hyrep222" /> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn ìkọlù díẹ̀díẹ̀ ṣì ń wáyé lórí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ epo láti ọwọ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Niger Delta Avengers . Èyí ti ní ipa pàtàkì lórí iṣẹ́ epo tí ó yọrí sí ìdínkù nínú àwọn ọjà tí wọ́n ń kó jáde àti owó tí ìjọba ń gbà.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21701124-nigerias-turbulent-oilfields-cannot-be-pacified-bribing-rebels-danegeld-delta|title=Danegeld in the Delta; The Niger Delta Avengers|date=25 June 2016|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624110234/http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21701124-nigerias-turbulent-oilfields-cannot-be-pacified-bribing-rebels-danegeld-delta|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn Avengers ń jà fún òmìnira ọrọ̀ ajé àti ìṣèlú tí ó pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger Delta Groups Deny Militants Have Ties To Political 'Looters', Call For Autonomy In Delta Area | work = Sahara Reporters |url=https://saharareporters.com/2016/09/26/niger-delta-groups-deny-militants-have-ties-political-%E2%80%98looters%E2%80%99-call-autonomy-delta-area |access-date=17 September 2023 }}</ref> ===Àwọn Mùsùlùmí Shia=== Ẹgbẹ́ Islam ti Nigeria tí Sheikh Ibrahim Zakzaky ń darí jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹgbẹ́ pàtàkì ti àwọn Musulumi Shia ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Àwọn Musulumi ní Nigeria jẹ́ Sunni nígbà tí àwọn Shia kò pọ̀ tó nínú àwọn ènìyàn.<ref name="{{Cite journal}}...22">{{Cite journal|date=2 July 2016|title=Nigeria's security under Buhari|journal=Strategic Comments|volume=22|issue=6|pages=iii–v|doi=10.1080/13567888.2016.1229389|s2cid=219693136}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn kan ẹgbẹ́ náà pé ó kọlù Olórí Àwọn Ọmọ-ogun Tukur Buratai ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015, wọ́n yìnbọn lu ibùdó Zakzaky, èyí sì fa ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún ikú nígbà tí wọ́n mú Zakzaky.<ref name="{{Cite journal}}...22"/> Wọ́n fi Zakzaky sílé fún ọdún mẹ́fà, yàtọ̀ sí ìrìn àjò ìtọ́jú ọjọ́ mẹ́ta sí India, títí tí wọ́n fi dá a lẹ́bi tí wọ́n sì tú u sílẹ̀ ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigerian court acquits Shia leader el-Zakzaky of all charges |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/29/nigerian-court-acquits-shia-leader-ibrahim-zakzaky-of-all-charges |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |access-date=1 September 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831180733/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/29/nigerian-court-acquits-shia-leader-ibrahim-zakzaky-of-all-charges |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Àwọn olùyapa Biafra=== Ẹgbẹ́ kan tí ó yapa, Indigenous People of Biafra tí Nnamdi Kanu ń darí di olókìkí ní ọdún 2015 fún gbígbèrò òmìnira fún orílẹ̀-èdè kan tí ó yàtọ̀ sí Biafra.<ref name="{{Cite journal}}...22"/> Orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira Biafra tí ó yapa ni wọ́n dá sílẹ̀ fún ìgbà díẹ̀ nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà. Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2015, wọ́n mú Kanu nítorí ẹ̀sùn ìṣọ̀tẹ̀, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n tún mú un, àwọn ìwọ́de lòdì sí ìhámọ́ rẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìpínlẹ̀ Gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn.<ref name="{{Cite journal}}...22"/> Lẹ́yìn náà, Kanu sá lọ sí òkèèrè, ó sì sá lọ sí ìta láti ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ kékeré ní Gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà kí Interpol tó mú un, wọ́n sì mú un padà sí Nàìjíríà. Buhari pàṣẹ pé kí wọ́n pa àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ IPOB tí kò ní ohun ìjà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oyero |first=Ezekiel |date=29 June 2021 |title=UPDATED: Nnamdi Kanu re-arrested, returned to Nigeria – Malami |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html |access-date=10 November 2022 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110004630/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Buhari ordered the massacre of unarmed members of the IPOB<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2021 |title=Nigeria: At least 115 people killed by security forces in four months in country's Southeast |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/08/nigeria-at-least-115-people-killed-by-security-forces-in-four-months-in-countrys-southeast/ |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Amnesty International |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716010615/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/08/nigeria-at-least-115-people-killed-by-security-forces-in-four-months-in-countrys-southeast/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Boko Haram=== Láti ọdún 2015, ìjà lòdì sí àwọn oníjàgídíjàgan ti gba apá tuntun. Ní inú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ náà ti pín sí ẹ̀gbẹ́ Boko Haram àtijọ́ tí Abubakar Shekau ń ṣàkóso àti Islamic State ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà tí Abu Musab al-Barnawi ń ṣàkóso. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/boko-harams-factional-feud|title=Boko Haram's Factional Feud|website=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=5 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705033956/https://www.cfr.org/blog/boko-harams-factional-feud|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn tí Al-Qaeda ní Maghreb Islamic ń tọ́jú bíi Ansaru, tí wọ́n lé kúrò ní Mali nítorí Operation Serval tí àwọn ará Faransé ń ṣàkóso ti yọjú tí wọ́n sì fọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Boko Haram bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ alátakò wọn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/islamists-ansaru-claim-attack-mali-bound-nigeria-troops-153819155.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202022322/http://news.yahoo.com/islamists-ansaru-claim-attack-mali-bound-nigeria-troops-153819155.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2013|title=Islamists Ansaru claim attack on Mali-bound Nigeria troops: paper – Yahoo! News|date=2 February 2013|access-date=14 February 2020}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí àìní, nítorí pé àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì kò lè fi ara wọn sílẹ̀ nípa jíjà ara wọn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-ansaru-nigerias-other-militant-group-443785|title=What is the other militant Islamist group in Nigeria besides Boko Haram?|first=Conor|last=Gaffey|date=4 April 2016|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204916/https://www.newsweek.com/what-ansaru-nigerias-other-militant-group-443785|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 2020, ó lé ní ọgọ́rùn-ún méjìléláàádọ́ta àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Ansaru ni wọ́n pa nínú ìkọlù ọlọ́pàá ní Birnin Gwari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/02/police-storm-ansaru-terrorists-camp-neautralise-250-terrorists-bandits/|title=Police storm ANSARU terrorists' camp, neautralise 250 terrorists, bandits|date=5 February 2020|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=7 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207180336/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/02/police-storm-ansaru-terrorists-camp-neautralise-250-terrorists-bandits/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2016, ìjọba ṣe àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ apanilaya Boko Haram, èyí tí ó mú kí wọ́n tú àwọn ọmọbìnrin Chibok 21 sílẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|last=Porter|first=Steven|title=Schoolgirl hostage found almost three years after Boko Haram capture|date=5 January 2017|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|location=Boston}}</ref> Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016, ìjọba ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn agbègbè tí Boko Haram ti gbà tẹ́lẹ̀, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n sì ti gba igbó Sambisa, Buhari kéde pé wọ́n ti ṣẹ́gun Boko Haram ní ọ̀nà ìwádìí. Àwọn ọmọ ogun apanilaya lé nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méjì ènìyàn kúrò nílé wọn, àti pé ìgbàpadà àwọn ìlú náà ti ń fa àwọn ìpèníjà ìrànlọ́wọ́ nínú ìlera, ẹ̀kọ́ àti oúnjẹ.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fick|first=Maggie|title=Boko Haram leaves traumatic legacy|date=28 November 2016|newspaper=Financial Times}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2017, ìjọba Buhari tún gba ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn ọmọbìnrin 82 nínú 276 tí wọ́n jí gbé ní ọdún 2014, ní pàṣípààrọ̀ àwọn olórí Boko Haram márùn-ún.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security-idUSKBN1820P1|title=Nigeria exchanges 82 Chibok girls kidnapped by Boko Haram for prisoners|date=7 May 2017|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-date=7 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507001419/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security-idUSKBN1820P1|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2017, Ààrẹ Buhari pàdé àwọn ọmọbìnrin Chibok 82 tí wọ́n tú sílẹ̀, kí ó tó lọ sí London, UK, fún ìtọ́jú àtẹ̀lé fún àìsàn kan tí a kò sọ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/08/buhari-departs-for-london-after-receiving-chibok-girls/|title=Buhari Departs for London After Receiving Chibok Girls|date=8 May 2017|access-date=7 June 2017|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510043054/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/08/buhari-departs-for-london-after-receiving-chibok-girls/|url-status=live}}</ref> Shekau pa ara rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí àwọn alátakò ISWAP yí ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ká ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2021. Ní oṣù díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn oníjàgídíjàgan “tí wọ́n ronú pìwàdà” jọ̀wọ́ ara wọn fún ìjọba, tí wọ́n sọ pé ọ̀pọ̀ nínú wọn jẹ́ olóòótọ́ sí Shekau.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Maclean |first1=Ruth |last2=Alfa |first2=Ismail |date=23 September 2021 |title=Thousands of Boko Haram Members Surrendered. They Moved In Next Door. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/23/world/africa/boko-haram-surrender.html |access-date=17 June 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ===Iwa-ipa darandaran-agbẹ=== Agbègbè Middle Belt ti Nigeria ti ni ewu si awọn ija laarin awọn agbẹ ati awọn darandaran, awọn ẹgbẹ meji ti n gbiyanju lati gba ilẹ ti o le gbin fun jijẹ tabi ogbin ati wiwọle si omi.<ref name="{{Cite journal}}...22" /> Agbara ati iselu ti rogbodiyan naa pẹlu ipinya ẹya ati ẹsin pọ si lakoko ijọba Buhari bi awọn iṣẹlẹ ti awọn ija waye ni awọn apakan ni Gúúsù Nàìjíríà.<ref name="{{Cite journal}}...22" /> Nǹkan bi awọn ara ilu 300 ni a pa ni abule kan ni Ipinle Benue, Middle-Belt ti orilẹ-ede naa ati pe o ku nipa awọn alágbádá 40 ni Enugu ni Guusu ila oorun Nigeria. Iwa-ipa naa ti ni gbigbe ti o ju 250,000 awọn ara ilu lọ ti wọn n lọ si awọn ilu ti ko mura silẹ lati koju awọn aṣikiri ti n wọle.<ref name="iss162">{{Cite journal|date=9 August 2019|title=High risks, low politics|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12716/High_risks%2c_low_politics|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=16|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023154230/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12716/High_risks,_low_politics|url-status=live}}</ref> Ija laarin awọn agbẹ ti ọpọlọpọ ninu wọn jẹ Kristiẹni ati awọn darandaran ti o jẹ Musulumi ti ru wahala ẹsin soke ko ṣe iranlọwọ nigbati aarẹ firanṣẹ awọn ọmọ ogun ologun lati gba awọn ologun Kristiẹni kuro ni ibọn lakoko ti awọn alariwisi n sọ pe idahun rẹ ti ko gbona si awọn darandaran malu ti o ni ihamọra.<ref name="iss162" /> Ìgbìyànjú ijọba lati yanjú ija náa yori si Eto Ìyípadà Ẹranko Orilẹ-ede lati sọ awọn malu di olaju ati lati mu àgbègbè Middle Belt duro ṣinṣin.<ref name="iss162" /> Ni ọdun 2017, RUGA, ọrọ kúkúrú fun Àgbègbè Ijẹko Rural ṣugbọn ọrọ kan ti o tumọ si ibùgbé ni Fulani jẹ ojútùú ti a dabaa ti o wa lati inu awọn ijiroro lori eto iyipada.<ref name="iss162" /> RUGA ni lati ya awọn àgbègbè koríko sọtọ fun awọn darandaran bi wọn ṣe n ṣi lọ si gúúsù; sibẹsibẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn ipinlẹ Gusu tako eyikeyi níní ilẹ ti ko ni imọran fun RUGA ati pe a da eto náà dúró.<ref name="iss162" /> ===Ìwà ọ̀daràn àwọn àgbe ìbon Àríwá Nàìjíríà=== Láti ọdún 2015 lọ, Ìjọba Buhari ti jìyà pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́ olè ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/banditry-in-nigeria-a-brief-history-of-a-long-war/|title=Banditry in Nigeria: A brief history of a long war|website=Punch Newspapers|date=27 December 2018|language=en-US|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612225859/https://punchng.com/banditry-in-nigeria-a-brief-history-of-a-long-war/|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n ti pe òpópónà Abuja sí Kaduna ní "ọ̀nà ìjínigbé", nítorí ìwà ìkà tí àwọn olè ń hù.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/abuja-kaduna-highway-of-kidnapping.html|title=Abuja-Kaduna Highway of Kidnapping|date=16 July 2017|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612184411/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/abuja-kaduna-highway-of-kidnapping.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 2020, Northern Elders Forum, àjọ kan tí ó jẹ́ ti ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú àti àwùjọ, sọ pé ìjọba ti já àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà kulẹ̀ ní ti ààbò.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/buhari-has-failed-nigerians-say-northern-elders/|title=ICYMI: Buhari has failed Nigerians, say northern elders|website=Punch Newspapers|date=10 February 2020|language=en-US|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214150117/https://punchng.com/buhari-has-failed-nigerians-say-northern-elders/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2021, nǹkan bí ènìyàn márùndínlọ́gọ́ta ni wọ́n jí gbé lójoojúmọ́, àwọn ọlọ́ṣà sì ń wá owó ìràpadà.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigerians Are Being Kidnapped For Ransom — But This Time It's Not Boko Haram |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/07/14/1016093356/nigerians-are-being-kidnapped-for-ransom-but-this-time-its-not-boko-haram |website=[[NPR]] |access-date=1 September 2021 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901174708/https://www.npr.org/2021/07/14/1016093356/nigerians-are-being-kidnapped-for-ransom-but-this-time-its-not-boko-haram |url-status=live }}</ref> Àwọn ọlọ́ṣà mìíràn dojúkọ jíjí màlúù, ràkúnmí, àti àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn mìíràn nígbà tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ kan kọlu gbogbo àwọn abúlé àti àwọn agbègbè mìíràn tí ó gbòòrò sí i, wọ́n sì gba ìṣàkóso wọn. Ìwà ọ̀daràn yìí fa ìbẹ̀rù ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ láàárín àwọn ọlọ́ṣà àti àwọn oníjàgídíjàgan ní àríwá ìlà oòrùn, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù náà tí a fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2021 nígbà tí Ilé Iṣẹ́ Iṣilọ Nàìjíríà ròyìn pé àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ́ṣà ńláńlá tí ó wà ní Zamfara ń rìnrìn àjò lọ sí Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno fún ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Boko Haram.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2021 |title='Bandits travelling from Zamfara to Borno for terrorist training' |url=https://punchng.com/bandits-travelling-from-zamfara-to-borno-for-terrorist-training/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013075654/https://punchng.com/bandits-travelling-from-zamfara-to-borno-for-terrorist-training/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Àwọn ọ̀ràn nípa orílẹ̀-èdè=== Ìjọba Buhari gbé ìlànà Ruga tí ó ń fa àríyànjiyàn kalẹ̀ (ètò ìgbékalẹ̀ ènìyàn), tí a gbé kalẹ̀ láti yanjú ìjà láàárín àwọn darandaran Fulani àti àwọn àgbẹ̀ tí wọ́n ń gbé ní ìgboro. Ètò náà, tí a ti dá dúró lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, yóò “ṣẹ̀dá àwọn agbègbè tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ níbi tí àwọn darandaran yóò gbé, tí wọn yóò dàgbà tí wọn yóò sì tọ́jú màlúù wọn, tí wọn yóò máa ṣe wàrà àti àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ màlúù láìsí pé wọ́n ń rìn kiri láti wá ilẹ̀ ìjẹko fún màlúù wọn.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rethinking-the-ruga-policy/|title=Rethinking the Ruga policy|date=5 July 2019|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612205447/https://thenationonlineng.net/rethinking-the-ruga-policy/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===A fi ẹ̀sùn kan Buhari wọ́n dari orílè-èdè gẹ́gẹ́bíi ológun=== Buhari dojúkọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àríwísí ní ipò rẹ̀. Ní ọdún 2019, ìjọba rẹ̀ fara gbá àríwísí tó gbòòrò lórí ìwà àìtọ́ tí wọ́n hù sí Sowore<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 March 2020|title=End Unfair Trial Of Sowore, Amnesty International Tells Nigerian Government|url=http://saharareporters.com/2020/03/11/end-unfair-trial-sowore-amnesty-international-tells-nigerian-government|access-date=11 April 2020|website=Sahara Reporters|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411024103/http://saharareporters.com/2020/03/11/end-unfair-trial-sowore-amnesty-international-tells-nigerian-government|url-status=live}}</ref>, Ajìjàgbara Àwùjọ tó wà ní Amẹ́ríkà nígbà ìgbẹ́jọ́ rẹ̀, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ilé ẹjọ́ gbà á ní kí wọ́n fisile.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Court grants Sowore N100m bail, requests N50m security deposit|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-court-grants-sowore-n100m-bail-requests-n50m-security-deposit-2/|access-date=11 April 2020|website=Punch Newspapers|date=4 October 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411024057/https://punchng.com/breaking-court-grants-sowore-n100m-bail-requests-n50m-security-deposit-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> dẹ́bi fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí gan-an, pẹ̀lú Sowore fúnra rẹ̀ tó sọ pé Buhari ti rú òfin ìlú rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ogundipe|first=Samuel|date=14 November 2019|title=Sowore speaks from custody, says Buhari out to destroy civic space |work=Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/363012-sowore-speaks-from-custody-says-buhari-out-to-destroy-civic-space.html|access-date=11 April 2020|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411024055/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/363012-sowore-speaks-from-custody-says-buhari-out-to-destroy-civic-space.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2019, ìwé ìròyìn Punch ti orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà sọ pé láti ìgbà náà lọ, wọn yóò pe ìjọba Buhari ní "ìjọba"<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Buhari: The general and the democracy|url=https://punchng.com/buhari-the-general-and-the-democracy/|access-date=11 April 2020|website=Punch Newspapers|date=17 December 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411024052/https://punchng.com/buhari-the-general-and-the-democracy/|url-status=live}}</ref> lẹ́yìn náà, wọn yóò sì pè é ní "General Buhari"<ref name=":3" /> nítorí pé ìjọba rẹ̀ bíi ti ológun yàtọ̀ sí tiwantiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian newspaper says it will now call President Buhari a 'military dictator'|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/11/africa/nigeria-newspaper-calls-president-military-dictator/index.html|access-date=11 April 2020|website=CNN|date=11 December 2019|language=en|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411024057/https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/11/africa/nigeria-newspaper-calls-president-military-dictator/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n tẹnumọ́ pé òun jẹ́ "aláṣẹ ológun", ìgbésẹ̀ kan tí àwọn ènìyàn gbà pẹ̀lú onírúurú àríwísí lórí ìkànnì àwùjọ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Opejobi|first=Seun|title=Nigerians react as Punch changes Buhari's title to 'Major General'|date=11 December 2019|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/12/11/nigerians-react-as-punch-changes-buharis-title-to-major-general/|access-date=11 April 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411024054/https://dailypost.ng/2019/12/11/nigerians-react-as-punch-changes-buharis-title-to-major-general/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn kárí-ayé covid-19=== [[File:Secretary Blinken Meets With Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari (51700506018).jpg|thumb|Buhari meets with US Secretary of State [[Antony Blinken]] in 2021]] {{main|COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria}} Lẹ́yìn ìbúgbà àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn COVID-19 ní Nàìjíríà, Buhari dá ẹgbẹ́ òṣìṣẹ́ Ààrẹ sílẹ̀ fún ìdarí àrùn náà ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-names-task-force-on-coronavirus/|title=Buhari names task force on coronavirus|last=Daka|first=FTerhemba|date=10 March 2020|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613173313/https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-names-task-force-on-coronavirus/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹta, olórí òṣìṣẹ́ Buhari, Abba Kyari, ní àrùn COVID-19, èyí sì mú kí ìbẹ̀rù pé ó ṣeé ṣe kí Buhari ti ní àrùn náà, a sì fihàn pé àrùn náà kò ní àrùn náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-buharis-top-aide-tests-positive-coronavirus-nigeria|title=President Buhari's Top Aide Tests Positive for Coronavirus in Nigeria|website=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=9 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409073726/https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-buharis-top-aide-tests-positive-coronavirus-nigeria|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù kẹta, Buhari kéde ìdènà fún ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì sí àwọn ìlú pàtàkì ní Abuja, Lagos àti Ogun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/nigeria-announces-lockdown-major-cities-curb-coronavirus-200330095100706.html|title=Nigeria announces lockdown of major cities to curb coronavirus|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619155511/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/nigeria-announces-lockdown-major-cities-curb-coronavirus-200330095100706.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹwàá, ẹgbẹ́ òṣìṣẹ́ ààrẹ lórí COVID-19 kìlọ̀ nípa ìgbì kejì tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀ “tí a kò bá tẹ̀lé àwọn ìlànà àti ìlànà náà dáadáa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ajimotokan|first=Olawale|date=13 October 2020|title=Nigeria May Witness Second Wave of Covid-19, Says PTF|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202010130031.html|access-date=15 October 2020|website=allAfrica|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108224733/https://allafrica.com/stories/202010130031.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===ìfẹ̀hónúhàn fún Fòpin sí àwọn ọlọ́pàá SARS=== Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2020, àwọn ìwọ́de lòdì sí ìwà ìkà ọlọ́pàá tí wọ́n sọ pé ó jẹ́ ti ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ́pàá pàtàkì ti ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ́pàá Nàìjíríà, Ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Àtakò Olè-Olè (SARS) bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìlú Èkó àti àwọn ìlú ńlá mìíràn. Ẹgbẹ́ Ààrẹ End SARS tí kò ní àwọn olórí tí ó wà ní ìṣọ̀kan ju àwọn aṣòfin kékeré tí wọ́n ṣètò àwọn ìwọ́de àkọ́kọ́ lọ, ní ìbáramu pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Occupy Nigeria ti ọdún 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Attiah|first=Karen|title=Opinion: For the sake of democracy, Nigeria's #EndSars campaign against police brutality must prevail|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/10/13/sake-democracy-nigerias-endsars-campaign-against-police-brutality-must-prevail/|access-date=15 October 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014210805/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/10/13/sake-democracy-nigerias-endsars-campaign-against-police-brutality-must-prevail/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹwàá, ọjọ́ kan lẹ́yìn tí àwọn olùṣe ìwọ́de kéde àwọn ìbéèrè wọn, Buhari kéde pípa SARS run, ó sì ṣèlérí “àtúnṣe ọlọ́pàá tó gbòòrò”.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 October 2020|title=Sars ban: Two dead in Nigeria police brutality protests|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54506567|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014182855/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54506567|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà òmìnira ní ọdún 1960, ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ́pàá Nàìjíríà ti wà ní iwájú nínú gbígbógun ti ìwà ọ̀daràn tó wà ní Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ìbílẹ̀ àwọn olè jíjà, ẹgbẹ́ òkùnkùn, ìtajà oògùn olóró, ìwà jìbìtì àti jíjí ènìyàn gbé ní ipa tó lágbára lórí agbára àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ wọn.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 August 2020|title=The price of underpolicing|url=https://www.thecable.ng/the-price-of-underpolicing|access-date=15 October 2020|website=TheCable|language=en-US|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204194324/https://www.thecable.ng/the-price-of-underpolicing|url-status=live}}</ref> èyí sì fi ààyè sílẹ̀ fún àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ SARS láti lo agbára àti ṣe ìpànìyàn láìsí ìdájọ́.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Angela Ukomadu|author2=Felix Onuah |date=13 October 2020|title=Nigeria's Buhari promises police reform; one protester killed|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-protests-police-idUSKBN26X1RE|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=13 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013211014/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-protests-police-idUSKBN26X1RE|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹwàá, Mohammed Adamu, Olórí Àgbà ti Ọlọ́pàá, kéde ìdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ tuntun kan tí a pè ní Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) láti gba iṣẹ́ SARS.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 October 2020|title=IGP announces new squad "SWAT" to replace SARS|url=https://guardian.ng/news/igp-announces-new-squad-swat-to-replace-sars/|website=The Guardian|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=16 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016182919/https://guardian.ng/news/igp-announces-new-squad-swat-to-replace-sars/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìgbésẹ̀ yìí kò tẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olùṣe àfihàn lọ́rùn, tí wọ́n retí àtúnṣe pàtàkì sí ètò ọlọ́pàá.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 October 2020|title=Nigeria's youth finds voice in police brutality protests|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201014-nigeria-s-youth-finds-voice-in-police-brutality-protests|access-date=15 October 2020|website=France 24|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020162558/https://www.france24.com/en/20201014-nigeria-s-youth-finds-voice-in-police-brutality-protests|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹwàá, àwọn ìfihàn náà tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ó kéré tán àwọn olùṣe àtúnṣe mẹ́wàá tí wọ́n pa, àti àwọn ìjà líle tí ó wáyé láàrín àwọn olùṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún SARS àti àwọn olùṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún SARS pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ olókìkí ti Presidential Guard Brigade tí ó dá sí ní olú ìlú àpapọ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 October 2020|title=#ENDSARS: Soldiers attack Protesters, Journalists in Abuja|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/10/endsars-soldiers-attack-protesters-journalists-in-abuja/|access-date=15 October 2020|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014182201/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/10/endsars-soldiers-attack-protesters-journalists-in-abuja/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2021, Buhari pàṣẹ pé kí wọ́n kó àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ́pàá orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti ti ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè náà láti dènà àwọn ìwọ́de tí wọ́n gbèrò láti tako ìjọba. Ìjọba sọ pé ó jẹ́ láti dènà ìbàjẹ́ òfin àti ìlànà tí ó di àṣà nígbà àwọn ìwọ́de EndSARS ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=End Sars |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/467285-june-12-protest-live-updates-from-nigerian-streets.html |website=Premium Times |date=12 June 2021 |publisher=Azagba |access-date=12 June 2021 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612120734/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/467285-june-12-protest-live-updates-from-nigerian-streets.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Ìfòfindè Twitter=== Lẹ́yìn tí Buhari kọ ìwé kan lórí Twitter pé wọ́n ń halẹ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra ní gúúsù ìlà oòrùn Nàìjíríà ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2021, Twitter pa àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ rẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrúfin àwọn òfin iṣẹ́ wọn. Kò pẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, ìjọba Nàìjíríà fòfin de Twitter kúrò ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà pátápátá.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria ends its Twitter ban after seven months |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/1/12/nigeria-ends-its-twitter-ban-after-seven-months |access-date=11 April 2022 |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Aljazeera]] |language=en}}</ref> Wọ́n mú ìfòfindè náà kúrò ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kìíní ọdún 2022, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n sọ pé Twitter ti gbà láti forúkọ sílẹ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà àti láti san owó orí.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2021 |title=Twitter agrees to open office in Nigeria – Lai Mohammed |url=https://guardian.ng/news/twitter-agrees-to-open-office-in-nigeria-lai-mohammed/ |access-date=5 June 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]]}}</ref> ===Ètò ìjọ́ba ilẹ̀ òkèèrè=== [[File:Ali Khamenei receives Muhammadu Buhari in his house.jpg|thumb|Buhari with Iranian Supreme Leader [[Ali Khamenei]], 23 November 2015.]] [[File:The Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari calling on the President of Nigeria, Mr. Muhammadu Buhari at the State House, in Abuja, Nigeria on September 27, 2016. The Vice President of Nigeria, Mr. Yemi Osinbajo is also seen (1).jpg|thumb|Indian vice president [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] (left), Buhari (center) and Nigerian vice president [[Yemi Osinbajo]] at the State House in Abuja, 27 September 2016.]] [[File:P20211102AS-1201-2 (51846814909).jpg|thumb|Buhari with US president [[Joe Biden]], 2 November 2021]] Buhari ṣàpèjúwe ìkọlù ológun tí ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun Myanmar àti àwọn ọlọ́pàá ṣe sí àwọn Mùsùlùmí Rohingya gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìparẹ́ ẹ̀yà, ó sì kìlọ̀ nípa àjálù bí ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà Rwanda.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-un-nigeria/nigerian-president-likens-myanmar-crisis-to-bosnia-rwanda-genocides-idUSKCN1BU26Q|title=Nigerian president likens Myanmar crisis to Bosnia, Rwanda genocides|date=19 September 2017|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=24 October 2017|archive-date=30 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930223201/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-un-nigeria/nigerian-president-likens-myanmar-crisis-to-bosnia-rwanda-genocides-idUSKCN1BU26Q|url-status=live}}</ref> Nígbà tí ó lọ sí Germany, tí ó sì dúró lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Chancellor Germany Angela Merkel,<ref>{{Cite web |title=World's Most Powerful Women |url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920073036/https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/ |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=11 April 2020 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Buhari tún sọ pé “Mi ò mọ ẹgbẹ́ tí ìyàwó mi jẹ́, ṣùgbọ́n ó jẹ́ ti ibi ìdáná mi àti yàrá ìgbàlejò mi àti yàrá kejì” <ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=14 October 2016 |title=Nigeria's President Buhari: My wife belongs in kitchen |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37659863 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314230704/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37659863 |archive-date=14 March 2020 |access-date=11 April 2020 |work=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> lẹ́yìn tí ìyàwó rẹ̀ ti gbà á nímọ̀ràn tẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ó mú kí ipò rẹ̀ ga sí i.<ref name=":2" /> Buhari ni aarẹ akọkọ ti o pe fun adehun agbaye lati fopin si iwa-ipa si awọn obinrin ati awọn ọmọbirin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthew |first=Agbaje |title=Group lauds Buhari over treaty to end violence against women, girls |url=https://wuzupnigeria.ng/news/group-lauds-buhari-over-treaty-to-end-violence-against-women-girls |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=WuzupNigeria |date=26 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707080412/https://wuzupnigeria.ng/news/group-lauds-buhari-over-treaty-to-end-violence-against-women-girls |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Lẹ́yìn ìṣàkóso orílẹ̀èdè (2023–2025)== Buhari fi agbara le Bola Tinubu, arọ́pò rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2023 ní agogo mẹ́wàá. am ( WAT ) níbi ayẹyẹ ìfìdíkalẹ̀ kan ní Eagle Square, Agbègbè Olú-ìlú Àpapọ̀. Ó fi ipò agbára sílẹ̀ ní Abuja lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ayẹyẹ ìfìdíkalẹ̀ náà, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àṣà àwọn olórí orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn ààrẹ àtijọ́ padà sí ìpínlẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní Katsina níbi tí àwọn ọlọ́lá ìpínlẹ̀ àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀ ti gbà á tọwọ́tẹsẹ̀ kí ó tó fi ara rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ ní oko àti ipò ìdílé rẹ̀ ní Daura.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Angbulu |first=Stephen |date=29 May 2023 |title=Buhari arrives Daura hometown⁣⁣ |url=https://punchng.com/1413969-2/ |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529143458/https://punchng.com/1413969-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú àwárí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ sí Gómìnà Banki Àárín Gbùngbùn Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀, Godwin Emefiele, Boss Mustapha, ọ̀kan lára àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba Ààrẹ Buhari tẹ́lẹ̀, jẹ́rìí pé àwọn afurasi mẹ́ta kan jí owó $6.2 mílíọ̀nù (£4.9 mílíọ̀nù) láti banki àgbáyé, nípa lílo ìwé àṣẹ Buhari tí wọ́n ṣe.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 February 2024 |title=Nigerian ex-President Muhammadu Buhari's signature forged to withdraw $6m, court hears |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68282228 |access-date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB |archive-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214151454/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68282228 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Ìpapòdà rẹ̀=== Ní ọ̀sẹ̀ díẹ̀ ṣáájú ikú rẹ̀, Buhari, ẹni tí ó ti kúrò ní ìgbésí ayé gbogbogbò lẹ́yìn tí ó fi ipò sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2023, rìnrìn àjò lọ sí London fún ìtọ́jú. Ó ń gba ìtọ́jú ní ilé ìwòsàn kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì fún ohun tí wọ́n pè ní àìsàn gígùn. Nígbà tí ó jẹ́ ààrẹ, ó ti gba ìtọ́jú ìṣègùn gígùn ní London, èyí tí ó fa àríwísí àti àníyàn nípa àìṣe kedere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ateboh |date=3 July 2025 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Ex-President Buhari is ill, hospitalised abroad |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/804830-exclusive-ex-president-buhari-is-ill-hospitalised-abroad.html |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |archive-date=14 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714195312/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/804830-exclusive-ex-president-buhari-is-ill-hospitalised-abroad.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Buhari kú sí ilé ìwòsàn kan ní ìlú London ní nǹkan bí agogo mẹ́rin ààbọ̀. pm (15:30 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's ex-President Muhammadu Buhari dies in London aged 82 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/13/nigerias-former-president-muhammadu-buhari-dies-in-london-aged-82 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Al Jazeera }}</ref> ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù keje ọdún 2025.<ref name="t636">{{cite news | last=Ugo | first=Chima Joseph | title=Breaking: Ex-President Buhari Dies at 82 | newspaper=[[Prime 9ja Online]] |issn=3092-8907 | date=13 July 2025 | url=https://www.prime9ja.com.ng/2025/07/ex-president-buhari-dies-at-82.html | access-date=13 July 2025}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ ẹni ọdún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2025 |title=Former Nigerian leader Muhammadu Buhari dies aged 82 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c89781qxnzdo |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=BBC News }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Harrison |title=Muhammadu Buhari, Nigerian president and ex-military ruler, dies at 82 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2025/07/13/muhammadu-buhari-nigeria-dead/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=13 July 2025 |access-date=14 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713183628/https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2025/07/13/muhammadu-buhari-nigeria-dead/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù keje, Igbákejì Ààrẹ Kashim Shettima dé sí London láti pàdé opó Buhari àti àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀, nígbà tí ó ń darí àwọn aṣojú àwọn aláṣẹ Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn kàn láti dá òkú rẹ̀ padà sí Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/07/14/shettima-visits-aisha-buharis-children-in-london-photos/|title=Shettima visits Aisha, Buhari's children in London [PHOTOS]|first=John Owen|last=Nwachukwu|publisher=Nigeria Daily Post|date=14 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-date=14 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714144043/https://dailypost.ng/2025/07/14/shettima-visits-aisha-buharis-children-in-london-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=buhariislamicritesatfuneral /> Wọ́n dá ìsìnkú náà dúró ní ọjọ́ kan lẹ́yìn ìgbìmọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìdílé rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/07/14/buharis-burial-date-shifted/|title=Buhari's burial date shifted|first=Ochogwu|last=Sunday|publisher=Daily Post Nigeria|date=14 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-date=14 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714131613/https://dailypost.ng/2025/07/14/buharis-burial-date-shifted/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=burialscheduleandindiatribute>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-former-leader-buhari-be-buried-tuesday-official-says-2025-07-14/|title=Nigeria's former leader Buhari to be buried on Tuesday, official says|first=MacDonald|last=Dzirutwe|publisher=Reuters|date=14 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-date=16 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716173051/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-former-leader-buhari-be-buried-tuesday-official-says-2025-07-14/|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìgbìmọ̀ kan tí George Akume darí láti sọ ìsìnkú Buhari di “ìsìnkú gbogbo ìpínlẹ̀”.<ref name=returnandburialtime /> Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù keje ọdún 2025, wọ́n fi òkú Buhari, tí wọ́n fi àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà wé, ránṣẹ́ sí Nàìjíríà lórí ọkọ̀ òfurufú ààrẹ Nàìjíríà, wọ́n sì dé sí pápákọ̀ òfurufú Umaru Musa Yar'adua ní Katsina.<ref name=returnandburialtime>{{cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/07/15/buharis-body-departs-uk-for-nigeria/|title=Buhari's body departs UK for Nigeria|first=Ogaga|last=Ariemu|publisher=Daily Post Nigeria|date=15 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025}}</ref><ref name=returntonigeriaandburial>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c93kxl08glwo|title=Ex-Nigerian President Buhari to be buried at home|first=Mansur|last=Abubaker|publisher=BBC News|date=15 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/07/15/just-in-buharis-body-arrives-in-katsina/|title=UPDATED: Buhari's Body Arrives In Daura For Burial|first1=Abdurrahman|last1=Umar|author2=Emgobiambu|publisher=Channels TV|date=15 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kan náà, wọ́n sin òkú rẹ̀ sí ilé rẹ̀ ní Daura, Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/807090-just-in-katsina-govt-announces-date-place-of-buharis-burial.html|title=JUST IN: Katsina govt announces date, place of Buhari's burial|publisher=Premium Times|date=14 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-date=14 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714195310/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/807090-just-in-katsina-govt-announces-date-place-of-buharis-burial.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìlànà ẹ̀sìn Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c93kxl08glwo |title=Ex-Nigeria President Buhari buried at home |publisher=BBC |date=15 July 2025 |access-date=16 July 2025 |archive-date=15 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715232538/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c93kxl08glwo |url-status=live }}</ref> Wọ́n ṣe ìsìnkú ìjọba lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fN2HPy3qUOk|title=Live Coverage of Former President Muhammadu Buhari's State Funeral|author=TVC News Nigeria|publisher=YouTube|date=15 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/07/15/breaking-ex-president-buharis-body-arrives-katsina-state-burial|title=BREAKING: Ex-President Buhari's Body Arrives In Katsina For State Burial|publisher=Sahara Reporters|date=15 July 2025|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-date=15 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715135457/https://saharareporters.com/2025/07/15/breaking-ex-president-buharis-body-arrives-katsina-state-burial|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2025 |title=Final salute: Nigeria bids Buhari emotional farewell |url=https://punchng.com/final-salute-nigeria-bids-buhari-emotional-farewell/ |access-date=16 July 2025 |website=Punch Newspapers }}</ref> wọ́n sì sin ín ní ìjọba èyí tí àwọn olórí ìjọba àti ìjọba tó wà nípò àti àwọn tó ti wà nípò tẹ́lẹ̀ láti Guinea-Bissau àti Niger wá síbẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250715-former-nigerian-president-buhari-buried-at-family-compound |title=Former Nigerian president Buhari buried at family compound |publisher=France 24 |date=15 July 2025 |access-date=16 July 2025 |archive-date=15 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715234132/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250715-former-nigerian-president-buhari-buried-at-family-compound |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Ibu ọlá fún=== [[File:The First Lady of Nigeria Her Excellency Aisha Buhari.jpg|thumb|Buhari's second wife, [[Aisha Buhari]]]] Lẹ́yìn ikú Buhari, Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà Bola Tinubu ṣàpèjúwe ogún rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí ó pẹ́ tó sì ṣe pàtàkì sí ipa ọ̀nà tiwantiwa Nàìjíríà, ó sì kéde ọjọ́ méje ti ìbànújẹ́, pẹ̀lú àṣẹ láti gbé àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní ìdajì ibi fún ọjọ́ méje láti ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù keje.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2025 |title=President Tinubu Mourns Buhari's Passing, Orders VP Shettima to Bring Late Leader's Body Home |work=TG News |url=https://tgnews.com.ng/president-tinubu-mourns-buharis-passing-orders-vp-shettima-to-bring-late-leaders-body-home/ |access-date=13 July 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Nigeria declares seven days of mourning for ex-President | date=14 July 2025 | url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nigeria-declares-seven-days-of-mourning-for-ex-president/ | access-date=14 July 2025 | archive-date=14 July 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714060237/https://thenationonlineng.net/nigeria-declares-seven-days-of-mourning-for-ex-president/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Tinubu pàṣẹ fún Igbákejì Ààrẹ Kashim Shettima láti rìnrìn àjò lọ sí United Kingdom láti bá òkú Buhari padà sí Nàìjíríà fún ìsìnkú rẹ̀. <ref name=buhariislamicritesatfuneral>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2025 |title=Buhari to be buried in Nigeria as Tinubu orders Shettima to go to UK |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/806914-buhari-to-be-buried-in-nigeria-as-tinubu-orders-shettima-to-go-to-uk.html |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |archive-date=13 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713174613/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/806914-buhari-to-be-buried-in-nigeria-as-tinubu-orders-shettima-to-go-to-uk.html |url-status=live }}</ref> == Àwọn ami ẹyẹ == ===Ami ẹyẹ ilé òkèèrè === *{{flag|Benin}}: **[[File:BEN National Order of Dahomey - Grand Cross BAR.png|60px]] Grand Cross of the [[National Order of Benin]] (2015)<ref>{{cite web | title=President receives Benin Republic's highest honour | website=Pulse Nigeria | date=3 August 2015 | url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/news/local/buhari-president-receives-benin-republics-highest-honour-photos-2024080901273561980 | access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref> *{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}: **[[File:Ordine dell'Indipendenza (Guinea Equatoriale).png|60px]] Grand Collar of the Order of Independence (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2016|title=Buhari recognised for 'personal integrity and exemplary leadership' in Equatorial Guinea|url=http://venturesafrica.com/yet-another-recognision-for-buhari-as-he-bags-the-highest-national-honour-in-guinea/|access-date=18 July 2020|website=Ventures Africa|language=en-US|first=Ayomide|last=Thompson|url-status=live|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210608175425/https://venturesafrica.com/1921-2021-hennessy-celebrates-a-century-of-being-present-in-nigeria/}}</ref> *{{Flag|Guinea Bissau}}: **[[File:Medalha_Amílcar_Cabral.svg|60px]] Recipient of the Medal of Amílcar Cabral (8 December 2022)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thenationonlineng.net/photos-buhari-receives-guinea-bissau-highest-honours-inaugurates-road | title=PHOTOS: Buhari receives Guinea Bissau highest honours, inaugurates road | date=8 December 2022 | website=thenationonlineng.net | access-date=2 September 2024 | archive-date=2 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902082437/https://thenationonlineng.net/photos-buhari-receives-guinea-bissau-highest-honours-inaugurates-road/ | url-status=live }}</ref> *{{flag|Liberia}}: **[[File:Order of the Pioneers of Liberia - ribbon bar.png|60px]] Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Pioneers of Liberia]] (27 July 2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/BashirAhmaad/status/1154842944437923842|first=Bashir|last=Ahmad|website=[[Twitter]]|date=26 July 2019|title=IN PICS: President @GeorgeWeahOff confers "The Grand Cordon of the Knighthood of Venerable Order of the Pioneers", Liberia's highest honour on President @MBuhari today in Monrovia, at the Liberia's 172nd Independence Anniversary.|access-date=8 June 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210608074729/https://twitter.com/BashirAhmaad/status/1154842944437923842}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://independent.ng/buhari-bags-liberias-order-of-knighthood-deploys-50-technical-aid-corps/|date=27 July 2019|last=Oweh|first=Innocent|title=Buhari Bags Liberia's Order of Knighthood, Deploys 50 Technical Aid Corps|website=[[Independent Nigeria]]|access-date=8 June 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210608175123/https://independent.ng/buhari-bags-liberias-order-of-knighthood-deploys-50-technical-aid-corps/}}</ref> *{{Flag|Niger}}: **[[File:National Order - Grand Cross (Niger) - ribbon bar.png|60px]] Grand Cross of the [[National Order of Niger]] (17 March 2021)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.galaxytvonline.com/news/local/president-buhari-receives-highest-niger-republic-award | title=Galaxy Television &#124; President Buhari Receives Highest Niger Republic Award |website=www.galaxytvonline.com}}</ref> *{{Flag|Portugal}}: **[[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Collar BAR.svg|60px]] Grand Collar of the [[Order of Prince Henry]] (30 June 2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/07/03/buharis-portugal-award-a-testament-to-his-unique-leadership-apc|title=Buhari's Portugal award, a testament to his unique leadership – APC|website=PM News|location=Nigeria|date=3 July 2022|access-date=19 August 2024|archive-date=19 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819150808/https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/07/03/buharis-portugal-award-a-testament-to-his-unique-leadership-apc/|url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flag|Senegal}}: **[[File:SEN Order of the Lion - Grand Cross BAR.svg|60px]] Grand Cross of the [[National Order of the Lion]] (7 July 2022)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tlivemedia.com/2022/07/08/president-muhammadu-buhari-receives-the-highest-national-honour-of-the-republic-of-senegal-l-ordre-national-de-lion-senegal-in-dakar-on-7th-july-2022 | website=Tlivemedia.com | title=President Muhammadu Buhari receives the Highest National Honour of the Republic of Senegal "L' Ordre National de Lion Senegal" in Dakar on 7th July 2022 – | date=8 July 2022 | access-date=19 August 2024 | archive-date=15 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915174220/https://tlivemedia.com/2022/07/08/president-muhammadu-buhari-receives-the-highest-national-honour-of-the-republic-of-senegal-l-ordre-national-de-lion-senegal-in-dakar-on-7th-july-2022/ | url-status=live }}</ref> *{{flag|Serbia}}: **[[File:Orden Republike Srbije 1.gif|60px]] Second Class of the [[Order of the Republic of Serbia]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/nigeria|title=Nigeria|newspaper=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia|access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref> === Àmín ẹyẹ tí orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà=== *{{flag|Nigeria}}: **[[File:Order_of_the_Federal_Republic_(military)_-_Nigeria_-_ribbon_bar.gif|70px]] Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] '''(GCFR)''' (1983) === Àmín ẹyẹ ìbílè === Ní ọdún 2017, ìgbìmọ̀ àwọn ọba ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìlà Oòrùn fi àwọn oyè olórí ti Enyioma I ti Ebonyi àti Ochioha I ti Igboland ṣe ọlá fún Ààrẹ Buhari.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://punchng.com/photos-buhari-receives-igbo-chieftaincy-titles/|title=Buhari Receives Igbo Chieftaincy Titles|work=Punch|first=Zovoe |last=Jonathan|date=14 November 2017| access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204194408/https://punchng.com/photos-buhari-receives-igbo-chieftaincy-titles/|url-status=live}}</ref> Nígbà tí wọ́n fi ṣe ayẹyẹ rẹ̀, Ààrẹ náà ti ní oyè kan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/news/nigeria/national/abia-monarchs-chide-member-over-award-of-chieftaincy-title-to-buhari/|title=Abia Monarchs Chide Member Over Award Of Chieftaincy Title To Buhari|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612133140/https://m.guardian.ng/news/nigeria/national/abia-monarchs-chide-member-over-award-of-chieftaincy-title-to-buhari/|url-status=live}}</ref> ti Ogbuagu I ti Igboland, nínú ètò àwọn ọba Nàìjíríà. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n fún un ní òmíràn, Ikeogu I ti Igboland, ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://prnigeria.com/2018/12/03/ganduje-igbo-chieftancy-title/|title=Gov. Ganduje Receives Igbo Chieftaincy Title For President Buhari|work=PrNews|first=Ameen K.|last=Yassar|date=3 December 2018|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612143422/https://prnigeria.com/2018/12/03/ganduje-igbo-chieftancy-title/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=President Muhammadu Buhari|url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/people/president-muhammadu-buhari/|publisher=The Statehouse, Abuja|language=en-US|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628092536/https://statehouse.gov.ng/people/president-muhammadu-buhari/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtókasí== <!-- Translate reference to make the article pure Yoruba --> {{reflist}} {{Àwọn Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà}} {{AwonGominaBorno}} {{Nigeria Obasanjo Governors}} {{igbesiaye|1942||Buhari Muhammadu}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọ̀gágun ará Nàìjíríà]] {{Sfn|Graf|1988}} qqbiuf414zq1t38gzgytqpmr7b2i54j Àṣà Nok 0 3017 632048 625375 2026-08-19T16:24:32Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Ọ̀làjú ìgbàanì ní Nàìjíríà}} {{coord|9|30|N|8|0|E|display=title}} {{History of Nigeria}} {{Use Nigerian English|date=June 2026}} {{Infobox archaeological culture |name = Àṣà Nok (Nok culture) |map = File:Verbreitung Nok-Kultur-en.png |region = [[West Africa|Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà]] |period = [[Neolithic]], [[Iron Age|Ìgbà Irin (Iron Age)]] |dates = Nǹkan bí 1500 BC — 1 BC |typesite = [[Nok]] |majorsites = {{ubl|[[Nok|Ìlú Nok]]|[[Gidan Waya|Jama'a]]|[[Samun Dukiya]]|[[Taruga]]|[[Jos]]}} |followedby = [[Kwararafa]] }} '''Àṣà Nok''' jẹ́ ẹ̀yà ènìyàn tí a sọ àwọn ohun èlò ìtàn wọn lórúkọ ìlú àwọn ọmọ [[Ham people|Ham]] tí ń jẹ́ [[Nok]] ní apá gúúsù [[Kaduna State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Kàdúná]] ní [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]], níbi tí wọ́n ti kọ́kọ́ rí àwọn [[terracotta|ère amọ̀]] wọn ní ọdún 1928.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nok|url=https://africa.uima.uiowa.edu/peoples/show/Nok|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=28 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428165952/https://africa.uima.uiowa.edu/peoples/show/Nok|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Obikili">{{cite book |last1=Obikili |first1=Nonso |title=The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198804307 |editor-last1=Levan |editor-first1=Carl |page=35 |chapter=State Formation in Precolonial Nigeria |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198804307.013.1 |oclc=1076346474 |editor-last2=Ukata |editor-first2=Patrick |chapter-url=https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9780192526311_A35506288/preview-9780192526311_A35506288.pdf#page=58 |s2cid=202374677}}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn ènìyàn Nok àti àwọn ènìyàn Gajiganna ṣí wá láti Àárín [[Sahara|Sàhárà]], pẹ̀lú jéró àti ìkòkò, kí wọ́n tó yapa kí wọ́n tó dé apá àríwá Nàìjíríà òde-òní. Èyí ló ṣeé ṣe kí ó fa títẹ̀dó wọn sí àwọn agbègbè Gajiganna àti [[Nok]].<ref name="Champion">{{cite journal |last1=Champion |first1=Louis |display-authors=etal |title=A question of rite—pearl millet consumption at Nok culture sites, Nigeria (second/first millennium BC) |journal=Vegetation History and Archaeobotany |date=15 December 2022 |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=263–283 |doi=10.1007/s00334-022-00902-0 |s2cid=254761854|doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó tún ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn ènìyàn Nok ṣí wá láti [[Sahel|Sàhẹ̀lì]] Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà wá sí agbègbè Nok.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Breunig |first1=Peter |title=Exploring the Nok Culture |date=January 2017 |publisher=Goethe University |page=24 |url=http://araf.studiumdigitale.uni-frankfurt.de/attachments/110_Nok%20Brosch%C3%BCre%20Exploring%20the%20Nok%20Culture%20online.pdf}}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí Àṣà Nok bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1500 ṣáájú Sànmánì Tiwa ([[BCE]]) kí ó sì wà títí di ọdún 1 BCE.<ref name="Champion" /> Àwọn ènìyàn Nok ṣe é ṣe kí wọ́n ṣẹ̀dá àwọn ère amọ̀ nípa ṣíṣe wọ́n ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ fún ọ̀rọ̀ ajé,<ref name="Sun">{{cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Z. J. |display-authors=etal |title=Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of Nok sculptures in I. P. Stanback Museum |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-017-5297-8 |journal=Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry |year=2017 |volume=313 |pages=85–92 |doi=10.1007/s10967-017-5297-8 |issn=0236-5731 |oclc=7062772522 |s2cid=98924415|url-access=subscription }}</ref> gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan àṣà [[funerary cult|ìsìnkú]] tó díjú<ref name="Breunig II">{{cite book |last1=Breunig |first1=Peter |editor-first1=Toyin |editor-first2=Matthew M |editor-last1=Falola |editor-last2=Heaton |title=The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian History |date=2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-005009-2 |pages=123–124 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050092.013.5 |oclc=1267402325 |s2cid=249072850 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQ5YEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22nok+culture%22&pg=PA136 |chapter=Prehistoric Developments In Nigeria}}</ref> èyí tí ó lè ní àwọn ìṣe bíi ṣíṣe àsè nínú.<ref name="Champion" /> Àwọn ère amọ̀ Nok tó pẹ́ jùlọ ṣe é ṣe kí wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 900 BCE.<ref name="Champion" /> Yàtọ̀ sí [[ancient Egyptian art|iṣẹ́ ọnà Íjíbítì àtijọ́]], àwọn ère Nok ni a kà sí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àkọ́kọ́ ti iṣẹ́ ọnà gbígbẹ́ oní-ìwọ̀n-mẹ́ta (three-dimensional figurative art) ní kọ́ńtínẹ́ǹtì Áfíríkà.<ref name="Dunne III">{{cite journal |last1=Dunne |first1=J. B. |title=Making the invisible visible: tracing the origins of plants in West African cuisine through archaeobotanical and organic residue analysis |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |date=2022 |volume=14 |issue=1 |article-number=30 |doi=10.1007/s12520-021-01476-0 |url=https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/313538950/NOK_plant_paper_final_version_re_reviewer_comments.pdf |issn=1866-9557 |oclc=9384103618 |bibcode=2022ArAnS..14...30D |s2cid=245917579}}</ref> Àwọn àṣà iṣẹ́ ọnà Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà tó tẹ̀lé e – [[Bura archaeological site#Site description|Bura]] ní Niger (ọ̀rúndún 3rd CE – 10th CE), Koma ní [[Ghana]] (ọ̀rúndún 7th CE – 15th CE), [[Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu#Impact on art history|Igbo-Ukwu]] ní Nàìjíríà (ọ̀rúndún 9th CE – 10th CE), [[Djenné-Djenno#Terra-cotta figurines from the Inner Niger Delta region|Jenne-Jeno]] ní Mali (ọ̀rúndún 11th CE – 12th CE), àti [[Ifẹ#Art history|Ilé Ifẹ̀]] ní Nàìjíríà (ọ̀rúndún 11th CE – 15th CE) – ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n gba ipa látara àṣà amọ̀ (clay [[terracotta]]) ti Àṣà Nok.<ref name="Ramsamy">{{cite book |last1=Ramsamy |first1=Edward |last2=Elliott |first2=Carolyn M. |last3=Seybolt |first3=Peter J. |title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia |date=January 5, 2012 |publisher=SAGE Publications |page=8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&q=Koma%20Ghana |chapter=Part I: Prehistory To 1400 |isbn=978-1-4129-8176-7 |doi=10.4135/9781452218458 |hdl=10125/32822 |oclc=809773339 |s2cid=158838141}}</ref> [[Iron metallurgy|Iṣẹ́ irin]] ṣe é ṣe kí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ nínú àṣà Nok láàárín ọdún 750 BCE àti 550 BCE.<ref name="Champion" /><ref name="Miller">{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Duncan E. |last2=Van Der Merwe |first2=N.J. |year=1994 |title=Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1994_35_1/page/1 |journal=Journal of African History |volume=35 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1017/s0021853700025949| s2cid=162330270}}</ref><ref name="Minze">{{cite journal |first1=Minze |last1=Stuiver |authorlink=Minze Stuiver |first2=N. J. |last2=van der Merwe |title=Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-anthropology_1968-02_9_1/page/54 |journal=Current Anthropology |year=1968 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=54–58 |doi=10.1086/200878 |jstor=2740446 }}</ref><ref name="Ehret">{{cite book |last1=Ehret |first1=Christopher |title=Ancient Africa: A Global History, to 300 CE |date=2023 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691244105 |page=19|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5KjEAAAQBAJ |chapter=African Firsts in the History of Technology |doi=10.2307/j.ctv34kc6ng.5 |jstor=j.ctv34kc6ng.5 |oclc=1330712064}}</ref> == Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ == Breunig àti Rupp (2016) sọ pé: "A kò mọ orísun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n níwọ̀n bí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lò (pàápàá jùlọ [[millet|jéró]]) ti jẹ́ ohun ọ̀gbìn ìbílẹ̀ sí agbègbè [[Sahel|Sàhẹ̀lì]], ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n wá láti ilẹ̀ àríwá ju ibikíbi mìíràn lọ."<ref name="Breunig">{{cite journal |last1=Breunig |first1=Peter |last2=Rupp |first2=Nicole |title=An Outline of Recent Studies on the Nigerian Nok Culture |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |date=2016 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=242, 247 |doi=10.3213/2191-5784-10298 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jaa/14/3/article-p237_1.pdf |jstor=44295241 |issn=1612-1651 |oclc=8512542846 |s2cid=56195865}}</ref> Breunig (2017) ṣàlàyé síwájú sí i pé: "Àwọn ènìyàn àṣà Nok gbọ́dọ̀ ti wá láti ibòmíràn. Ṣùgbọ́n títí di báyìí, a kò tíì mọ agbègbè náà, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a fura sí agbègbè Sàhẹ̀lì ní [[West Africa|Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà]]."<ref name=":0"/> Champion àti àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (2022) dámọ̀ràn pé wọ́n lè ti wá láti Àárín Sàhárà. == Àwọn Ère Nok == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = Àwọn Ère Nok | width = 200 |image1= Nok sculpture Louvre 70-1998-11-1.jpg |caption1= Ère Nok, amọ̀, [[Louvre]] |image2= Nok terracotta figurine.jpg |caption2= Ère obìnrin; gíga rẹ̀ jẹ́ 48 cm; ọjọ́ orí rẹ̀: ọdún 900 sí 1,500 |image3= El Pensador (Cultura Nok).jpg |caption3= "Aláròjinlẹ̀" nǹkan bí ọdún 298 AD }} A kò tíì mọ iṣẹ́ gangan tí àwọn ère amọ̀ Nok ń ṣe. Fún apá tó pọ̀ jùlọ, àwọn ère amọ̀ yìí wà káàkiri ní ẹ̀rúnrún. Ìdí nìyí tí iṣẹ́ ọnà Nok fi gbajúmọ̀ lónìí nìkan fún àwọn orí wọn, tọkùnrin tobìnrin, tí irun orí wọn kún fún àlàyé tó lẹ́wà gidigidi. Àwọn ère yìí wà ní ẹ̀rúnrún nítorí pé wọ́n sábà máa ń rí wọn nínú ẹrọ̀fọ̀ (alluvial mud), ní ibi tí omi ti gbé ilẹ̀ lọ. Wọ́n sábà máa ń fò mọ́lẹ̀, wọ́n ń dán, wọ́n sì ń fọ́. Ó ṣọ̀wọ́n kí a rí àwọn iṣẹ́ ńláńlá tí wọ́n wà ní odindi, èyí tó sọ wọ́n di ohun iyebíye jùlọ lórí ọjà iṣẹ́ ọnà káríayé.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ancient Nok Culture Kaduna State |website=Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kaduna/Ancient-Nok-Kaduna.html|access-date=2022-02-04}}</ref> Àwọn ère amọ̀ yìí ṣófo nínú, wọ́n ṣe wọ́n ní ìṣọ̀wọ́ (coil built), wọ́n fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìwọ̀n ènìyàn gangan fún orí àti ara èyí tí wọ́n fi àwọn ìrísí àrà-ọ̀tọ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ohun ọ̀ṣọ́, àti onírúurú ìdúró hàn. Diẹ̀ ni a mọ̀ nípa iṣẹ́ ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ti àwọn ohun èlò yìí, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àbá kan fi hàn pé wọ́n lè jẹ́ àwòrán àwọn baba ńlá, àmì ibojì (grave markers), tàbí oògùn láti dènà àìṣẹ-irúgbìn, àgàn, àti àìsàn. Pẹ̀lúpẹ̀lù, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àwọn ìpìlẹ̀ ròbòtò tó wà lára ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ère yìí, wọ́n lè ti lò wọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀ṣọ́ orí òrùlé fún àwọn ilé àtijọ́. Látàrí ìkùnlẹ̀ àdánidá àti àwọn ohun tó kó jọ, àwọn ère amọ̀ Nok túká káàkiri sí onírúurú ìjìnlẹ̀ nínú koríko Sàhẹ̀lì, èyí tó mú u nira láti mọ ọjọ́ orí àti ìsọ̀rí àwọn ohun èlò àràmàǹdà wọ̀nyí. Ní oríire, wọ́n rí ibi ìwalẹ̀-pìtàn méjì, [[Samun Dukiya]] àti [[Taruga]], tí ó ní iṣẹ́ ọnà Nok tí kò ṣí kúrò ní ipò rẹ̀. Àwọn àdánwò fi hàn pé àwọn ère yìí wà láàárín ọdún 2,900 sí 2,000 sẹ́yìn, èyí tó sọ wọ́n di ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó pẹ́ jùlọ ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà. == Àwọn Àtìran == Níwọ̀n bí wọ́n ti jọra nínú àṣà àti iṣẹ́ ọnà pẹ̀lú àṣà Nok tí a rí ní Nok, Sokoto, àti Katsina, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn ọmọ [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]], [[Jukun people (West Africa)|Jukun]], tàbí [[Dakarkari language|Dakakari]]<ref name="Lamp">{{cite journal |last1=Lamp |first1=Frederick John |title=Ancient Terracotta Figures from Northern Nigeria |journal=Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin |date=2011 |page=55 |url=https://docslib.org/doc/5614066/ancient-terracotta-figures-from-northern-nigeria |jstor=41421509 |issn=0084-3539 |oclc=9972665249}}</ref> àti àwọn ọmọ Bassa jẹ́ àtìran àwọn ènìyàn Nok. Ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìjọra nínú ọ̀nà tí wọ́n fi ṣe àwọn ère amọ̀ Nok, àwọn ère idẹ ti [[Ifẹ#Art history|Ilé Ifẹ̀]] ti àwọn Yorùbá àti ti ìjọba [[Bini people|Benin]] ti àwọn Ẹdó tún lè jẹ́ ìmúgbòòrò àwọn àṣà tí ó wá láti ọ̀dọ̀ àṣà Nok ìgbàanì. == Ẹ tún lè wo == * [[History of Nigeria|Ìtàn Nàìjíríà]] * [[Benin Bronzes|Idẹ Benin]] * [[Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu|Ìwalẹ̀-pìtàn Igbo-Ukwu]] == Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nok Culture}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìwalẹ̀-pìtàn ní Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Iṣẹ́ ọnà Áfíríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ère amọ̀]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn àṣà Ìgbà Irin ní Áfíríkà]] alzb6j9wqbp4c6s6qdi3arx1lhbhjd3 Ìran Yorùbá 0 4410 632082 613529 2026-08-19T17:16:35Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | flag = [[File: Oduduwa flag.jpg|150px]] | group = Yoruba<br />{{big|{{lang|yo|Ìran Yorùbá|italic=no}}}}<br />{{small|{{lang|yo|Ọmọ Oòduà|italic=no}}, {{lang|yo|Ọmọ Káàárọ̀-oòjíire|italic=no}}}} | total = {{circa|≈ 51,329,000}} (2024){{efn|Population figures not inclusive of pre-20th century diasporic communities who trace full or partial Yoruba heritage}}<ref name="Sare 2023">{{Cite web|last=Sare|first=Watimagbo|date=2023|title=Total population of the Yoruba people|url=https://joshuaproject.net/clusters/320|access-date=2023-12-18|website=Joshuaproject.net}}</ref> | image = [[File:Yoruba-Dancers-931x598.jpg|250px]] | caption = Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá tí ń jó níbi ayẹyẹ | region1 = {{nbsp}}[[File: Oduduwa flag.jpg|21px]] ''[[Yorubaland]]'' | region2 = [[Nigeria]] | pop2 = 42,600,000 (2020) | ref2 = <ref name="Yoruba, Nigeria">{{cite web | title=Yoruba, a language of Nigeria | url=https://www.ethnologue.com/25/|website=Ethnologue, languages of the World |publisher=Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 25th edition; Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig |access-date=12 December 2023 | language=en |date=2022|archive-url=https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/yor/| archive-date=7 December 2023 }}</ref> | region3 = [[Benin]] | pop3 = 1,600,000 | ref3 = <ref>{{cite web |title=Beninese Culture – Yoruba 12.3%|website=Beninembassy.us|url=https://beninembassy.us/culture-beninoise|language=en|access-date=29 October 2021}}</ref> | region4 = [[Ghana]] | pop4 = 425,600 | ref4 = <ref name="Yoruba, Ghana">{{cite web |title=Middlesex University Research Repository, Introduction to the Ethno-Geographic origins of modern Ghana (The Yoruba 1.3%) |url=https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13376/1/343944_.pdf |publisher=Amoah, Michael (2001) Ethnonationalism versus political nationalism in Ghanaian electoral politics 1996–2000. PhD thesis, Middlesex University. |access-date=13 December 2022 |language=en |date=2001 |archive-date=22 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222024304/https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13376/1/343944_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | langs = {{ubl|[[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] and [[Yoruboid languages]] • [[English language|English]] ([[Nigeria]]) • [[French language|French]] ([[Benin]], [[Togo]])}} | region5 = [[Togo]] | pop5 = 342,500 (2014) | ref5 = <ref name="Université Laval">{{cite web |title=République Togolaise (ifè:1.8 %, Yorouba: 1,4 %, Kambole/Nago: 0.7%. Total Yoruba; 3.9%) |url=https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/togo.htm |publisher= Université Laval |access-date=13 December 2022 |language=en |date= 2014}}</ref> | region6 = United States | pop6 = 213,732 (2023){{efn|This figure only accounts for people who indicate speaking Yoruba as the primary language of the home and not the total number of people with Yoruba ancestry.}} | ref6 = <ref name="United States Census Bureau"/> | region7 = [[Côte d'Ivoire]] | pop7 = 115,000 (2017) | ref7 = <ref name="Yoruba, Cote D'Ivoire">{{cite web |title=Yoruba, a language of Cote D'Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c) |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CI/languages |website=Ethnologue, languages of the World |publisher= Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 21st edition; Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig |access-date=28 March 2019 |language=en |date= 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526184101/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CI/languages |archive-date=26 May 2019 }}</ref> | region8 = [[Niger]] | pop8 = 80,700 (2021) | ref8 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/yor/|title=Yoruba|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref> | region9 = Canada | pop9 = 42,075 (2021){{efn|Population figures based on those who indicate Yoruba as their ethnic or cultural origin in the Canadian census.}} | ref9 = <ref>{{cite web |title=2021 Canadian Population census, Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories |date = 11 May 2021|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035501&geocode=A000011124|access-date=12 October 2024}}</ref> | region10 = [[Sierra Leone]] | pop10 = 16,578 (2022) | ref10 = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Country profile: FGM in Sierra Leone, June 2014. The Krio are estimated to make up 2% of the Sierra Leonian population. Among the Krio, the overwhelmingly muslim Oku/Aku make up 15% and are almost exclusively of Yoruba descent.|url=https://www.28toomany.org/media/uploads/blog/sierra_leone_(june_2014).pdf|website=28toomany.org|access-date=2025-06-20|archive-date=2023-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313053325/https://www.28toomany.org/media/uploads/blog/sierra_leone_(june_2014).pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | region11 = Ireland | pop11 = 10,100 (2011) | ref11 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/documents/census2011profile6/Profile_6_Migration_and_Diversity_entire_doc.pdf |title=Profile 6 – Migration and Diversity |date=October 2012 |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office]] |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> | region12 = [[Gambia]] | pop12 = 9,224 (2024) | ref12 = <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gambia 2024 Population and Housing Census, Preliinary Report GBoS– Yoruba as 'Aku Marabou', who are a Muslim Yoruba diaspora in The Gambia|url=https://gambia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2024-09/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20the%202024%20Census%20in%20The%20Gambia_0.pdf|access-date=2025-06-04|archive-date=22 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322190104/https://gambia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2024-09/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20the%202024%20Census%20in%20The%20Gambia_0.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region13 = Australia | pop13 = 4,020 (2021) | ref13 = <ref>{{Cite web|title=SBS Australian Census Explorer: 4,020 Yoruba language speakers |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/census-explorer-2021/index.html?lang=en&languages=yoruba,igbo&topic=cultural-diversity|website=sbs.com.au}}</ref> | region14 = Finland | pop14 = 1,538 (2023) | ref14 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rm.px/table/tableViewLayout1/ |title=11rl – Language according to age and sex by region, 1990–2020. Yoruba; 1,538 speakers |publisher=[[Statistics Finland]] |access-date=2 June 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | religions = {{hlist | [[Christianity]] | [[Islam]] | [[Yoruba religion]] }}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://academic.oup.com/view-large/35408497 |title=Research note: Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim–Christian relations in south-west Nigeria &#124; Oxford Academic |publisher=Academic.oup.com |date= |access-date=2022-02-14}}</ref><ref name="Research note: Exploring survey dat">{{cite journal |last1=Nolte |first1=Insa |last2=Jones |first2=Rebecca |last3=Taiyari |first3=Khadijeh |last4=Occhiali |first4=Giovanni |title=Research note: Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim–Christian relations in south-west Nigeria |journal=African Affairs |date=July 2016 |volume=115 |issue=460 |pages=541–561 |doi=10.1093/afraf/adw035 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.grin.com/document/353192|title=GRIN - Identity conflicts among Yoruba Muslim groups in selected states of Nigeria|isbn=978-3-668-39964-8|last1=Moshood|first1=Busari|date=20 February 2017|publisher=GRIN Verlag }}</ref> | related-c = <div style="text-align: center;">[[Yoruboid languages|(Yoruboid)]] {{nbsp}}[[Oku people (Sierra Leone)|Aku]]{{·}}[[Igala people|Igala]]{{·}}[[Itsekiri]]{{·}}[[Nagos]]{{·}}[[Olukumi people|Olukumi]]{{·}}[[Tabom people|Tabom]]</div> <div style="text-align: center;">[[Gbe languages|(Gbe)]] {{nbsp}}[[Aja people|Aja]]{{·}}[[Ewe people|Ewe]]{{·}}[[Fon people|Fon]]{{·}}[[Mahi people|Mahi]]{{·}}[[Ogu people|Ogu]]</div> <div style="text-align: center;">[[Kwa languages|(Kwa)]] {{nbsp}}[[Adele language|Adele]]{{·}}[[Akebu language|Akebu]]{{·}}[[Anii language|Anii]]{{·}}[[Ga people|Ga]]{{·}}[[Kposo people|Kposo]]</div> <div style="text-align: center;">[[Nupoid languages|(Nupoid)]] {{nbsp}}[[Ebira people|Ebira]]{{·}}[[Gbagyi people|Gbagyi]]{{·}}[[Nupe people|Nupe]]</div> <div style="text-align: center;">[[Edoid languages|(Edoid)]] {{nbsp}}[[Afemai people|Afemai]]{{·}}[[Bini people|Bini]]{{·}}[[Esan people|Esan]]{{·}}[[Isoko people|Isoko]]{{·}}[[Urhobo people|Urhobo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/edoofbenin.htm|title=Raceandhistory.com – Nigeria: The Edo of Benin|website=raceandhistory.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |jstor=179535 |title=The Itsekiri in the Nineteenth Century; an Outline Social History |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1963_4_2/page/207 |last1=Lloyd |first1=P. C. |journal=The Journal of African History |year=1963 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=207–231 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700004035|s2cid=162964674 }}</ref></div> <div style="text-align: center;">[[Gur languages|(Gur)]] {{nbsp}}[[Bariba people|Bariba]]{{·}}[[Losso people|Losso]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oyèláràn |first=Ọlásopé O. |date=May 2018 |title=Oríta Borgu: the Yorùbá and the Bààtonu down the ages|journal=Africa |language=en |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=238–266 |doi=10.1017/S0001972017000900 |s2cid=150028429 |issn=0001-9720 |doi-access=free}}</ref></div> <div style="text-align: center;">[[African diaspora|(Diaspora)]] {{nbsp}}[[African Americans#Genetics|African Americans]]{{·}}[[Afro-Brazilians#Origins of Blacks in Brazil|Afro-Brazilians]]{{·}}[[Afro-Caribbean people#Languages|Afro-Caribbean people]].<ref name="Montinaro2014">{{cite journal |author1=Francesco Montinaro |author2=George B.J. Busby |author3=Vincenzo L. Pascali |author4=Simon Myers |author5=Garrett Hellenthal |author6=Cristian Capelli |title=Unravelling the hidden ancestry of American admixed populations|journal=Nature Communications |date=24 March 2015 |doi=10.1038/ncomms7596 |volume=6 |page=6596 |pmid=25803618 |pmc=4374169 |bibcode=2015NatCo...6.6596M }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |title=Encyclopedia of the Yoruba |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-253-02144-1 |pages=95–96}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt17c6d1sb/qt17c6d1sb.pdf |title=The Vitality of Yoruba Culture in the Americas |date=2020}}</ref></div> | native_name = | native_name_lang = | related_groups = }} [[File:A group of Yoruba people at a public event.png|thumb|Ìran Yorùbá]] '''Ìran Yorùbá,''' '''àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá''' tàbí '''Ọmọ káàárọ̀-oòjíire,''' jẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà, ní apá Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn rẹ̀, tí wọ́n ń gbé apá kan ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, Bẹ̀nẹ̀, àti Togo, wọ́n sì ń pè gbogbo agbègbè yìí ní ''Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá''.<ref name="New World Encyclopedia 1960">{{cite web | title=Yoruba People | website=New World Encyclopedia | date=1960-10-01 | url=https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Yoruba_People | access-date=2023-06-13}}</ref> Ẹ lè ri púpọ̀ nínú wọ́n ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ bíi [[ìpínlẹ̀ Ẹdó]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì]], [[Èkó|ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]], [[ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí]], [[ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ìpínlẹ̀ Oǹdó]], [[ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun]], [[ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́]]. Ẹ tún le rí wọ́n ní ìpínlẹ̀ to wa nínú orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Benin ([[Benin|Dahomey]]), ní orílẹ̀-èdè Sàró ([[Sierra Leone]]), àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè miiran bíi [[Togo]], [[Brazil]], [[Cuba]], [[Haiti]], [[United States of America|Amẹ́ríkà]] ati Venezuela. Àwọn Yorùbá wà l’árá àwọn to tóbí ju ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]. Ó le jẹ́ pe àwọn ló pọ̀ jù, abí kí wọ́n jẹ́ ìkejì, tàbí ẹ̀yà kẹta tó pọ̀ jùlọ ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]].<ref name="World Culture Encyclopedia 2007">{{cite web | title=Yoruba - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage | website=World Culture Encyclopedia | date=2007-04-03 | url=https://www.everyculture.com/wc/Mauritania-to-Nigeria/Yoruba.html | access-date=2023-06-13}}</ref><ref name="Guide to Nigeria tourism, local culture & investments 2015">{{cite web | title=Yoruba People of Nigeria – Yoruba People History & Culture | website=Guide to Nigeria tourism, local culture & investments | date=2015-09-13 | url=https://www.cometonigeria.com/about-nigeria/nigerian-people-culture/yoruba-people/ | access-date=2023-06-13 | archive-date=2023-05-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527223730/https://www.cometonigeria.com/about-nigeria/nigerian-people-culture/yoruba-people/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica 1998">{{cite web|title=Yoruba - people|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=1998-07-20|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yoruba|access-date=2023-06-13}}</ref><ref name="study.com">{{cite web|website=study.com|url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/yoruba-people-language-culture-history-music.html|access-date=2023-06-13}}</ref> Àwọn Yorùbá jẹ́ àwọn ènìyàn kan ti èdè wón pín sí orísirísi. Diẹ̀ lára àwọn ìpínsísọ̀rí àwọn èdè wọn ni a ti ri: "Èkìtì"; "[[Èkó]]"; "[[Ìjèbú]]"; "[[Ìjẹ̀ṣhà]]"; "[[Ìkálẹ̀]]"; "[[Ọ̀yọ́]]"; "[[Ẹ̀gbá]]" àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Àwọn ìpínsísọ̀rí yí ni a ń pe ní ''ẹ̀ka èdè tàbí èdè àdúgbò''. Àwọn ọmọ [[Yorùbá]] je ẹ̀yà kan tí wọ́n fẹ́ràn láti máà se aájò àti àlejò àwọn ẹlẹ́yà mìíràn, wọ́n sì ma ń nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí ọmọ'làkejì. [[File:Drummer drumming 2.jpg|thumb|Onílù ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] == Ìpínlẹ̀ == Ní ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, àwọn Yorùbá pín ààlà ilẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀yà mìíràn, bíi; Yoruboid Itsekiri tó wà ní apá Gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn, [[Niger Delta]] ní apá Gúúsù Ìwọ̀-oòrùn , Bariba ní apá Àríwá-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ní ilẹ̀ Bẹ̀nẹ̀ àti Nàìjíríà, àwọn Nupe ní apá Àríwá, àti àwọn Ebira ní apá Àríwá-Ìlà-oòrùn, ní Ààrin Gbùngbùn ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Sí apá Ìlà-oòrùn wọn nih àwọn ẹ̀yà bíi Edo, Esan, àti Afemai wà. Sí apá Àríwá-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn wọn ní àwọn ẹ̀yà tó jẹ mọ́ Ìgalà wà, lágbègbè [[Niger River]]. Sí apá Gúúsù wọn ni àwọn ẹ̀yà bíi Gbe, Mahi, Fon, Ewe tó ń pín ààlà ilẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Benin àti Togo. Ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, àwọn èyà tó ń sọ èdè Kwa bíi Akebu àti Kposo ti Togo ni wọ́n yí àwọn Yorùbá ká, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni a ní àwọn tó ń sọ èdè Kwa bíi Anii, àti àwọn tó ń sọ èdè Gur bíi Kabiye, Yom-Lokpa àti Tem ti Togo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Principaux-groupes-ethniques-du-Togo_fig1_40035529/|title=Ethno-linguistic map of Togo. The Ana (Ife) Yoruba group occupy the central-east portions of the country}}</ref> ní apá Àríwá-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn. Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá tun wà ní orílẹ̀-èdè West Africa míì bíi [[Ghana]]<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eiQHFrA7GUwC&pg=PA72|page=72|isbn=978-1-4670-2480-8|title=Contributions of Yoruba people in the Economic & Political Developments of Nigeria|date=12 October 2011|publisher=Authorhouse|author=Jacob Oluwatayo Adeuyan}}</ref><ref name="rand" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjlzSYnAKdQC|title=Strangers and Traders: Yoruba Migrants, Markets, and the State in Northern Ghana Volume 11 of International African library|issn=0951-1377|author=Jeremy Seymour Eades|via=International African Library|publisher=Africa World Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-86543-419-6}}</ref>, [[Benin]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Côte d'Ivoire]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 January 2019|title=Ivory Coast country profile|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13287216|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref> àti [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nalrc.indiana.edu/brochures/yoruba.pdf|author=National African Language Resource Center|publisher=Indiana University|title=Yoruba|access-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215064022/http://www.nalrc.indiana.edu/brochures/yoruba.pdf|archive-date=15 February 2017}}</ref> Ní àwọn ilẹ̀ mìíràn yàtọ̀ sí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn Yorùbá pín sí ọ̀nà méjì pàtàkì, àkọ́kọ́ ni àwọn Yorùbá tí wọ́n kó lọ sí ilẹ̀ tuntun gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹrú láàárín sẹ́ńtúrì kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) sí sẹ́ńtúrì kọkàndínlógún (19th century), sí àwọn ilẹ̀ Caribbean (pàápàá jùlọ Cuba) àti Brazil. Ẹ̀kejì sì ni àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá tí wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣí kó lọ sí United Kingdom àti United States ní àkókò tí ayipada ń dé bá ètò ọrọ̀-ajé àti òṣèlú ilẹ̀ náà láti ọdún 1960 títí di àkókò yìí.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Akinrinade and Ogen|first=Sola and Olukoya|date=2011|title=Historicising the Nigerian Diaspora: Nigerian Migrants and Homeland Relations|url=https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/historicising-the-Nig-diaspora.pdf|journal=Turkish Journal of Politics|volume=2|issue=2|page=15}}</ref> == Èdè == [[File:Degree of Presence of The Yoruba and 'Yoruba derived' groups in Nigeria, Benin and Togo at Subnational levels.jpg|center|650px|thumb|Degree of Presence of The Yoruba and derived' ''Ede'' groups<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.afrikanistik-aegyptologie-online.de/archiv/2007/1328//|title=A synchronic lexical study of the Ede language continuum of West Africa|journal=Afrikanistik Online|date=April 2008|volume=2007|issue=4|last1=Kluge|first1=Angela}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://international.ipums.org/international-action/variables/group/ethnic//|title=Ethnicity clusters of Benin data set, Yoruba group – IPUMS Census Data}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334522095|title=Ethnocultural study of agriculture in Northern Benin, Alibori department 12% Mokole Yoruba, INSAE 2013|date=28 September 2021}}</ref> in Nigeria, Benin & Togo at Subnational levels<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/ClusterDetails.aspx?rop2=C0233#topmenu/|title=People groups: Yoruba language cluster|date=1 September 2021}}</ref>]] Ìtàn àtẹnudénu lásán ni àṣà Yorùbá jẹ́ nígbà kan, ọ̀pọ̀ ọmọ Yorùbá ni èdè náà sì jẹ́ abínibí fún. Ní ọdún 2010, àwọn tó ń sọ èdè náà tó ọgbọ̀n mílíọ́ọ̀nù<ref>The number of speakers of Yoruba was estimated at 20&nbsp;million people in the 1990s. No reliable estimate of more recent date is known. ''Metzler Lexikon Sprache'' (4th ed. 2010) estimates 30&nbsp;million based on population growth figures during the 1990s and 2000s. The [[Demographics of Nigeria|population of Nigeria]] (where the majority of Yoruba live) has grown by 44% between 1995 and 2010, so that the Metzler estimate for 2010 appears plausible.</ref>. Wọ́n pín èdè Yorùbá pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn èdè bí i Edekiri, Igala tọ́ parapọ̀ di àwọn èdè Yoruboid ní agbègbè Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà. Èdè Igala àti Yorùbá ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pàtàkì nípa ìtàn àti àṣà. Èdà ẹ̀yà méjèèjì yìí ní àwọn ìjọra kọ̀ọ̀kan, tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí Forde (1951) àti Westermann àti Bryan (1952) fi ka èdè Igala sí abẹ́ àwọn ẹ̀ka-èdè Yorùbá. A lè pín àwọn ẹ̀ka-èdè tó wà lábẹ́ èdè [[Yoruboid languages|Yoruboid]] sí ọ̀nà mẹ́ta: [[Yoruba language#Varieties|Northwest]], [[Yoruba language#Varieties|Central]], àti [[Yoruba language#Varieties|Southeast]].<ref>This widely followed classification is based on Adetugbọ's (1982) dialectological study – the classification originated in his 1967 PhD thesis ''The Yoruba Language in Western Nigeria: Its Major Dialect Areas'', {{ProQuest|288034744}}. See also {{cite book |last=Adetugbọ |chapter=The Yoruba Language in Yoruba History |title=Sources of Yoruba History |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/sourcesofyorubah0000biob |chapter-url-access=registration |editor-first=Saburi O. |editor-last=Biobaku |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1973 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/sourcesofyorubah0000biob/page/183 183–193] |isbn=0-19-821669-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/sourcesofyorubah0000biob/page/183}}</ref> Àwọn ẹ̀ka-èdẹ̀ tó wà ní North-West Yoruba (ní apá Gúúsù mọ́ Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ilẹ̀ Yorùbá) ń fi àrà tuntun èdè náà hàn, pẹ̀lú ìfilélè pé Southeast àti Central Yoruba ní àwọn ìlú àtijọ́, ti wọ́n sì lè ṣí lọ sí àwọn ìlú mìíràn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Adetugbọ|1973|pp=192–3}}. (See also the section [[#Dialects|Dialects]].)</ref> == Ona asopo ti orisirisi dialects ti èdè Yoruba: == * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_short_oral_history_of_Egba_in_Egba_Language_by_its_native_speaker.webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_Oral_history_of_Okeho_in_Onko_language_by_a_native_speaker_(non-subtitled).webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_Oral_history_of_Saki_in_Saki_language_by_a_native_speaker_(non-subtitled).webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_oral_history_of_Iwo_in_Iwo_language_by_a_native_speaker_(non-subtitled).webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_oral_history_of_Ijan_Ekiti_in_Ijan_Ekiti_Language_by_a_native_speaker_(non-subtitled).webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_oral_history_of_Ile_Ife_in_Ile-Ife_language_by_a_native_speaker.webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_oral_history_of_Ilesha_in_Ijesha_language_by_a_native_speaker_(non-subtitled).webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_short_oral_history_of_Irun_in_Irun_Akoko_dialect_by_native_speaker.webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_oral_history_of_Owo_in_Owo_language_by_a_native_speaker.webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_oral_history_of_Idanre_in_Idanre_language_by_a_native_speaker_(non-subtitled).webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_oral_history_of_Ijebu_in_Ijebu_language_by_a_native_speaker.webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Short_oral_history_of_Ikale_in_Ikale_language_by_a_native_speaker_(non-subtitled).webm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_short_oral_history_of_Isua_in_Ifira_dialect_by_a_native_speaker.webm == Ohun pataki ni asa ati èdè Yoruba == Ni asa ati èdè Yoruba, òwó se pataki gidigan. Ni asa wa, ti e ba fe ki awon agba tabi awon èniyàn ti o tobi ni odun ju iwo. O nilo lati dobale, e ko le so "bowani" e ma se be o! E nilo lati dọbalẹ. Ni asa wa ati ni èdè wa, òwó se pataki gidigan, ti èniyàn tobi ni odun ju iwo e nilo lati fikun "e" siwaju ohun ti e fe so. "E kaaro," "E pele," "E kúuṣẹ́," sùgbón ti e ba ba àwọn èniyàn soro ti o ni odun kekere ju iwo tabi ti won ni odun ti je kanna pèlú iwo, e ma lo "e" e le n so "kaaro," "pele," ati "kúuṣẹ́." == Se o je otito pé edè Yoruba n fi ku? == [[Fáìlì:A Nigerian man from the Yoruba ethnicity dressed in typical outdoor event attire.png|thumb|Okurin lati Nigeria ni aso Yoruba[[Fáìlì:Degree of Presence of The Yoruba and 'Yoruba derived' groups in Nigeria, Benin and Togo at Subnational levels.jpg|thumb|Awon ènyiàn Yoruba ni ile Yoruba]]]] Bee ni, o je otito pé ede Yoruba n fi ku? Kini ede fun be? Idi fun iku ede Yoruba je pé awon obi, won ko fe ko awon omodé re ede Yoruba. Opolopo èniyàn ro pé ede Yoruba ko se pataki. Won ro pé ede Yoruba je fun awon otoshi, awon talaka ati awon èniyàn ti ko ni eto-eko (awon láìlẹ́kọ̀ọ́). Sùgbon, o ko je otito, Yoruba ko je fun awon èniyàn ti o ni eto-eko, Yoruba je fun gbogbo èniyàn Yoruba. Awa nilo lati yipada ero inu wa. O ko dara nigba awa n so pé ede Yoruba ko se pataki tabi o je fun awon lailekoo. Opolopo èniyàn bere lati ikorira ede abinibi won dabi Yoruba, Igbo, ati awon miiran. Awa nilo lati mu Yoruba pelu wa, ki i se fi Yoruba ni idoti. Awon Germans won n so German ati inu won dun gidigidi nitori won n so German, awon Chinese won n so Chinese ati inu won dun gidigidi nitori won n so Chinese, awon Russians, won n so Russian ati inu won dun gidigidi nitori won n so Russian sùgbon awon Yoruba, won ko n so Yoruba, ati inu won ko dara nitori won n so Yoruba, ni otito, won n ko fe so Yoruba. Akoko ti dé, awa nilo lati yipada ero inu wa, ko dara. Awon omodé ni Canda, Amerika, China, Jermani, ati awon Dutch, omodé won, won n so ede ti obi won, sùgbon awon omodé wa, won ko so ede wa. Èdè Yoruba ni ogbon ati orisirisi owe, awa nilo lati soji ede Yoruba, ti awa ko soji ede Yoruba, o ma fi ku patapata, ati awa ko le soji ede Yoruba. Akoko ti de, awa nilo lati se kankan, sugbon o ma fi ku patapata. == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} {{Ẹ̀yà Nàìjíríà}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yoruba}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ará Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ẹ̀yà]] fq7gj4d4crdqcsolhcjzn3wepqlku35 DNA 0 5708 632164 609431 2026-08-19T19:23:05Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 17 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:DNA123.png|thumb|right|150px|Aworan elegbemeta apere lilopo apa kan DNA]] '''DNA''' duro fun ''Deoxyribonucleic acid'' ni [[ede geesi]], eyi tumosi '''deoksiribonúkléì kíkan''' (DNA tabi DNK). DNA je [[nucleic acid|núkléì kíkan]] ti o ni awon ilana [[genetics|abimo]] ti a n lo fun [[biological development|idagbasoke olounalàyè]] gbogbo awon iru [[cell (biology)|ahamo]] [[life|emi]]. Lamolara, DNA je [[double helix|alolara eleemeji]]. Awon apa DNA to ungbe awon ilana wonyi ni a unpe ni [[gene|abimo]], sugbon awon itelentele DNA miran wa fun idimule, tabi won wa fun iseeseese ilo ilana abimo yi. Lapapo mo '''[[RNA]]''' ati awon [[proteins|amoralokun]], DNA je ikan ninu awon [[macromolecules|horogbangba]] pataki meta to se koko fun gbogbo irun ohun elemi na. '''DNA''' ni awon [[polymers|alarapupo]] gigun meji nje awon eyo kekere kan ton je [[nucleotide|nukleotidi]], pelu [[backbone chain|igbaeyin]] to je adipo [[Monosaccharide|suga]] ati [[phosphate|oniyofosforu]] ti won je sisopapao pelu awon ide [[ester|esteri]]. Awon atinrin mejeji yi jo doju de ona odi si ara won bi be won je [[antiparallel (biochemistry)|olodiajodojuko]]. Awon ihun jije lilemo suga kookan ni ikan ninu awon iru horo merin tounje [[nucleobases|ipilenukleu]] (lasan bi, ''awon ipile''). [[Nucleic acid sequence|Itelentele]] awon ipilenukleu mererin yi leba imagine ni won un samioro iwifun. Iwifun yi je kika pelu lilo [[genetic code|amioro alabimo]], ti oun tokasi itelentele awon [[amino acid|kikan amino]] ninu awon proteini. Amioro na je kika nipa sise àwòkọ awon ìnà DNA si inu kikan nukleiki '''RNA''' to baramu nnu igbese kan to unje [[transcription (genetics)|isawoko]]. Ninu awon ahamo '''DNA''' je gbigbajo si idimu gigun kan to unje [[chromosome|kromosomu]]. Nigba [[cell division|ipin ahamo]] awon kromosomu yi je didameji ninu igbese [[DNA replication|itunda DNA]], to si unpese fun ahamo kookan awon kromosomu pipe tikookan fun won. [[Eukaryote|Awon agbarajo eukarioti]] (awon [[animal|eranko]], [[plant|ogbin]], [[Fungus|ehu]], ati [[protist|protisti]]) ko opo awon '''DNA''' won pamo sinu [[cell nucleus|kóróonú àhámọ́]] ati awon DNA won miran sinu awon [[organelle|apainu àhámọ́]], bi [[mitochondria|mitokondria]] tabi [[chloroplasts|adáláwọ̀]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Russell | first = Peter | title = iGenetics | publisher = Benjamin Cummings | location = New York | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-8053-4553-1 }}</ref> Lafiwe si awon [[prokaryote|prokarioti]] ([[bacteria|bakteria]] ati [[archaea|arkea]]) ti won unko DNA won pamo sinu [[cytoplasm|idanuahamo]] nikan. Ninu awon kromosomu, awo proteini [[chromatin|kromatini]] bi [[histone|histoni]] undipo o si unsegbajo DNA. Awon idimu idipo yi unselana ibasepo larin DNA ati awon proteini miran, nigba tounsejanu awon apa DNA wo ni yio sawoko. ==Awon ohun ini== [[File:DNA chemical structure.svg|thumb|300px|Adimu oloogun DNA. Awon [[Hydrogen bond|ide haidrojin]] han bi ila alami.]] DNA je is a long [[polymer|alarapupo]] gigun to je dida lati awo eyo to un tunde to nje [[nucleotide|nukleotidi]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Saenger | first = Wolfram | title = Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = New York | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-387-90762-9 }}</ref><ref name=Alberts>{{cite book |last=Alberts |first=Bruce | coauthors=Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts and Peter Walters |title=Molecular Biology of the Cell; Fourth Edition |publisher=Garland Science|year=2002 |location=New York and London |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=mboc4.TOC&depth=2 |isbn=0-8153-3218-1 |oclc=145080076 48122761 57023651 69932405}}</ref><ref name=Butler>{{cite book | author=Butler, John M. | year=2001 | title=Forensic DNA Typing | publisher= Elsevier | isbn=978-0-12-147951-0 | oclc=223032110 45406517}} pp. 14–15.</ref> Bo se koko je wiwari latowo [[James D. Watson]] ati [[Francis Crick]], idimu DNA gbogbo awon irueda ni awon ewon onilopo meji ti ikookan won lo ipo kanna ka, ti ikookan won si ni ite 34&nbsp;[[Ångström]] (3.4&nbsp;[[nanometre]]s) ati itanka 10&nbsp;[[Ångström]] (1.0&nbsp;[[nanometre]]s).<ref name=FWPUB>{{cite journal| author = Watson J.D. and Crick F.H.C. | pmid=13054692 | doi = 10.1038/171737a0 | url= http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf | title=A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid | journal=Nature | volume=171 | pages=737–738 | year=1953 | format=PDF| issue = 4356 | bibcode=1953Natur.171..737W}}</ref> Gegebi àgbékà miran se so, nigba to je wiwon nidu omiadalu pato kan, ewon DNA ni iwon 22 de 26&nbsp;[[Ångström]] ni fife (2.2 to 2.6&nbsp;[[nanometre]]s), be sini eyo nukleotidi kan ni iwon 3.3&nbsp;Å (0.33&nbsp;nm) ni gigun.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mandelkern M, Elias J, Eden D, Crothers D |title=The dimensions of DNA in solution |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-molecular-biology_1981-10-15_152_1/page/153 |journal=J Mol Biol |volume=152 |issue=1 |pages=153–61 |year=1981 |pmid=7338906 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1}}</ref> Botilejepe ikookan eyo to untunde je kenkele, awon alarapupo DNA le je horo titobi to ni egbeegberun nukleotidi ninu. Fun apere, [[human chromosome|kromosomu omoniyan]] to tobijulo, kromosomu nomba 1, je bi 220 egbeegberun [[base pair|ipile meji]] ni gigun.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gregory S |title=The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 |journal=Nature |volume=441 |issue=7091 |pages=315–21 |year=2006 |pmid=16710414 | doi = 10.1038/nature04727 |last2=Barlow |first2=KF |last3=McLay |first3=KE |last4=Kaul |first4=R |last5=Swarbreck |first5=D |last6=Dunham |first6=A |last7=Scott |first7=CE |last8=Howe |first8=KL |last9=Woodfine |first9=K|bibcode = 2006Natur.441..315G }}</ref> Ninu awon agbarajo alaye DNA ki saba wa bi horo kan soso, sugbon bi awon horo meji ti won je didimupo ni lilelile.<ref name=FWPUB/><ref name="berg">Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2002) ''Biochemistry.'' W. H. Freeman and Company ISBN 0-7167-4955-6</ref> Awon mejeji lorapo bi eka igi, won ri bi [[double helix|alopo emeji]]. Awon nukleotidi atun ni apa igbaeyin horo, to mu ẹ̀wọ̀n na papo, ati ipilenukleu kan, to se basepo mo atinrin DNA miran ninu alopo na. Ipilenukleu kan to so po mo suga kan lo nje [[nucleoside|nukleosidi]] be sini ipile kan to so mo suga kan ati mo ikan tabi opo adipo oniyofosforu lo nje [[nucleotide|nukleotidi]]. Awon alarapupo ti won ni opo nukleotidi ti wo so po mo ara won (bi tinu DNA) lo nje [[polynucleotide|nukleotidipupo]].<ref name=IUPAC>[http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/naabb.html Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides and their Constituents] IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (CBN). Retrieved 03 January 2006.</ref> Igbaeyin atinrin DNA je dida lati ibi awon ìṣẹ́kù [[phosphate|oniyofosforu]] ati [[carbohydrate|suga]].<ref name=Ghosh>{{cite journal |author=Ghosh A, Bansal M |title=A glossary of DNA structures from A to Z |journal=Acta Crystallogr D |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=620–6 |year=2003 |pmid=12657780 |doi=10.1107/S0907444903003251}}</ref> Suga inu DNA ni [[deoxyribose|2-deoksiribosi]], to je suga [[pentose|pentosi]] ([[carbon|karbonu]]-marun). Awon suga na je sisopo latowo awon idipo oniyofosforu ti won da awon [[phosphodiester bond|ìdè fosfodiesteri]] larin awon s between the third and fifth carbon [[atom|atomu]] karbonu keta ati ikarun awon oruka suga itosi. Awon [[covalent bond|ide]] alaidogba yi tumosi pe atinrin DNA ni idojude. Ninu alopo emeji idojude awon nukleotidi ninu atinrin kan kojusi idojude won ninu atinrin keji: awon atinrin yi je the strands are ''olodiajodojuko''. Awon enu alaidogba awon atinrin DNA lo nje enu [[directionality (molecular biology)|5′]] (''arun akoko/five prime'') ati [[directionality (molecular biology)|3′]] (''eta akoko/three prime''), pelu enu 5' to pari pelu adipo oniyofosforu ati enu 3' to pari pelu adipo haidroksi. Iyato kan pataki t wa larin DNA ati RNA ni iru suga ti won ni, DNA ni suga pentosi 2-deoksiribosi nigbati RNA ni suga pentosi [[ribose|ribosi]].<ref name=berg/> [[File:DNA orbit animated static thumb.png|thumb|upright|A section of DNA. The bases lie horizontally between the two spiraling strands.<ref>Created from [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?pdbId=1D65 PDB 1D65]</ref> Animated version at [[:File:DNA orbit animated.gif]].]] Alopo emeji DNA double helix je gbigbero pelu ipa meji: awon [[hydrogen bond|ide haidrojin]] larin awon nukleotidi ati awon ibasepo [[Stacking (chemistry)|ipele ipile]] larin awon ipilenukleu [[aromatic|oloorundidun]].<ref name="Yakovchuk2006">{{cite journal |author=Yakovchuk P, Protozanova E, Frank-Kamenetskii MD |title=Base-stacking and base-pairing contributions into thermal stability of the DNA double helix |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=564–74 |year=2006 |pmid=16449200 |pmc=1360284 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkj454 }}</ref> Ninu ayika olomi ahamo, awon [[Pi bond|ide π]] adarapo awon ipile nukleotidi naro mo ipo horo DNA, láti dín iye ìbáṣepọ̀ wọn pọ̀ mọ́ [[solvation shell|igbá ìṣèdàlú]] kù ati bíi bẹ́ẹ̀, [[Gibbs free energy|okun òmìnira Gibbs]]. Àwọn ìpìlẹ̀ mẹ́rẹ̀ẹ̀rin tó wà nínú DNA ni [[adenine|adẹnínì]] (kíkékúrú sí A), [[cytosine|sitosínì]] (kíkékúrú sí C), [[guanine|guanínì]] (kíkékúrú sí G) àti [[thymine|timínì]] (kíkékúrú sí T). Àwọn ìpìlẹ̀ mẹ́rẹ̀ẹ̀rin yìí ni wọ́n so pọ̀ mọ́ ṣúgà/oníyọ̀fósfórù láti dá odidi núkléótídì, bó ṣe hàn fún [[adenosine monophosphate|adenosínì oníyọ̀fósfórùkan]]. Àwọn ìpìlẹ̀núkléù pín sí irú méjì: àwọn [[purine|purínì]], A àti G, tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọlọ́mọ ẹgbẹ́ márùún àti mẹ́fà àwọn [[heterocyclic compound|àdàpọ̀ aláàyípoọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀]], àti àwọn [[pyrimidine|pirimidínì]], ọlọ́mọ ẹgbẹ́ mẹ́fà C àti T.<ref name=berg/> Ìpìlẹ̀núkléù pirimidínì karùún, [[uracil|urasílì]] (kíkékúrú sí U), ló úndípò timínì nínú RNA, ó sì yàtọ̀ sí timínì nkpa pé kò ní [[methyl group|àdìpọ̀ mẹ́tílì]] nínú òrùka rẹ̀. Urasílì kì í sábà sí nínú DNA, ọ́ únṣẹlẹ̀ nìkan bíi èso ìfọ́wẹ́wẹ́ sitosínì. Bakanna mọ́ RNA àti DNA iye nínlá àwọn a large number of artificial [[nucleic acid analogues|núkléì kíkan ajọra]] aláfọwọ́dá náà tún ti jẹ́ dídá láti le ṣe àgbékà àwọn ohun ìní núkléì kíkan, tàbí fún lílò nínú ọ̀rọ̀oníṣẹ́ọ̀nàalàyè.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Verma S, Eckstein F |title=Modified oligonucleotides: synthesis and strategy for users |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-biochemistry_1998_67/page/99 |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=67 |pages=99–134 |year=1998 |pmid=9759484 |doi=10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.99}}</ref> [[File:DNA-ligand-by-Abalone.png|left|thumb|Major and minor grooves of DNA. Minor groove is a binding site for the dye [[Hoechst stain|Hoechst 33258]].]] ===Àwọn ibitooro=== Àwọn atínrín alọ́po méjéèjì náà dá igbáẹ̀yìn DNA. Alọ́po ẹ̀mẹjì míràn kan náà tún ṣe é rí nípa títẹ̀lé àwọn àyè, tàbi àwọn ibitooro, tó wà láàrin àwọn atínrín náà. Àwọn àyè yìí wà nítòsí sí àwọn ìpìlẹ̀ méjì ó sìl lè pèsè [[binding site|ojú ìdè]]. Nítorípé àwọn atínrín kò wà níwájú ara wọn, àwọn ibitooro lò ní ìtóbi dídọ́gba. Ibitooro kan, ibitooro àgbà, jẹ́ 22&nbsp;Å ní fífẹ̀, èkejì, ibitooro kékeré, jẹ́ 12&nbsp;Å ní fífẹ̀.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wing R, Drew H, Takano T, Broka C, Tanaka S, Itakura K, Dickerson R |title=Crystal structure analysis of a complete turn of B-DNA |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1980-10-23_287_5784/page/755 |journal=Nature |volume=287 |issue=5784 |pages=755–8 |year=1980 |pmid=7432492 |doi=10.1038/287755a0|bibcode = 1980Natur.287..755W }}</ref> Híhá ibitooro kékeré túmọ̀sí pé àwọn etí àwọn ìpìlẹ̀ ṣe é bọ́sí nínú ibitooro àgbà. Nítorí bẹ́ẹ̀, àwọn proteínì bíi àwọn [[transcription factor|akópa ìṣàwòkọ]] tí wọ́n le so mọ́ àwọn ìtẹ̀léntẹ̀lé pàtó nínú DNA alátínrín méjì únsábà farakan àwọn ẹ̀gbẹ́ àwọn ìpìlẹ̀ tí wọ́n hàn nínú ibitooro àgbà.<ref name="Pabo1984">{{cite journal |author=Pabo C, Sauer R |title=Protein-DNA recognition |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-biochemistry_1984_53_annual/page/293 |journal=Annu Rev Biochem |volume=53 |pages=293–321 |year=1984 |pmid=6236744 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453}}</ref> This situation varies in unusual conformations of DNA within the cell ''(see below)'', but the major and minor grooves are always named to reflect the differences in size that would be seen if the DNA is twisted back into the ordinary B form. ===Ìṣeméjì ìpílẹ̀=== {{Further|[[Base pair|Ìṣeméjì ìpìlẹ̀]]}} In a DNA double helix, each type of nucleobase on one strand normally interacts with just one type of nucleobase on the other strand. This is called complementary [[base pair]]ing. Here, purines form [[hydrogen bond]]s to pyrimidines, with A bonding only to T, and C bonding only to G. This arrangement of two nucleotides binding together across the double helix is called a base pair. As hydrogen bonds are not [[covalent bond|covalent]], they can be broken and rejoined relatively easily. The two strands of DNA in a double helix can therefore be pulled apart like a zipper, either by a mechanical force or high [[temperature]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Clausen-Schaumann H, Rief M, Tolksdorf C, Gaub H |title=Mechanical stability of single DNA molecules |pmc=1300792 |journal=Biophys J |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=1997–2007 |year=2000 |pmid=10733978 |doi=10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76747-6 |bibcode=2000BpJ....78.1997C}}</ref> As a result of this complementarity, all the information in the double-stranded sequence of a DNA helix is duplicated on each strand, which is vital in DNA replication. Indeed, this reversible and specific interaction between complementary base pairs is critical for all the functions of DNA in living organisms.<ref name=Alberts/> <div class="thumb tright" style="background:#f9f9f9; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:0.5em;"> {| border="0" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width:230px; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:0.3em;" |- |[[File:Base pair GC.svg|280px]] |} {| border="0" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width:230px; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:0.3em;" |- |[[File:Base pair AT.svg|280px]] |} <div style="border: none; width:282px;"><div class="thumbcaption">Top, a '''GC''' base pair with three [[hydrogen bond]]s. Bottom, an '''AT''' base pair with two hydrogen bonds. Non-covalent hydrogen bonds between the pairs are shown as dashed lines.</div></div></div> The two types of base pairs form different numbers of hydrogen bonds, AT forming two hydrogen bonds, and GC forming three hydrogen bonds (see figures, left). DNA with high [[GC-content]] is more stable than DNA with low GC-content. Although it is often stated that this is due to the added stability of an additional hydrogen bond, this is incorrect.{{source?|date=October 2011}} DNA with high GC-content is more stable due to intra-strand base stacking interactions.{{cn|date=November 2011}} As noted above, most DNA molecules are actually two polymer strands, bound together in a helical fashion by noncovalent bonds; this double stranded structure (dsDNA) is maintained largely by the intrastrand base stacking interactions, which are strongest for G,C stacks. The two strands can come apart – a process known as melting – to form two ss DNA molecules. Melting occurs when conditions favor ssDNA; such conditions are high temperature, low salt and high pH (low pH also melts DNA, but since DNA is unstable due to acid depurination, low pH is rarely used). The stability of the dsDNA form depends not only on the GC-content (% G,C basepairs) but also on sequence (since stacking is sequence specific) and also length (longer molecules are more stable). The stability can be measured in various ways; a common way is the "melting temperature", which is the temperature at which 50% of the ds molecules are converted to ss molecules; melting temperature is dependent on ionic strength and the concentration of DNA. As a result, it is both the percentage of GC base pairs and the overall length of a DNA double helix that determine the strength of the association between the two strands of DNA. Long DNA helices with a high GC-content have stronger-interacting strands, while short helices with high AT content have weaker-interacting strands.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Chalikian T, Völker J, Plum G, Breslauer K |title=A more unified picture for the thermodynamics of nucleic acid duplex melting: A characterization by calorimetric and volumetric techniques |pmc=22151 |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA |volume=96 |issue=14 |pages=7853–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10393911 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.14.7853|bibcode = 1999PNAS...96.7853C }}</ref> In biology, parts of the DNA double helix that need to separate easily, such as the TATAAT [[Pribnow box]] in some [[promoter (biology)|promoter]]s, tend to have a high AT content, making the strands easier to pull apart.<ref>{{cite journal |author=deHaseth P, Helmann J |title=Open complex formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: the mechanism of polymerase-induced strand separation of double helical DNA |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-microbiology_1995-06_16_5/page/817 |journal=Mol Microbiol |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=817–24 |year=1995 |pmid=7476180 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02309.x}}</ref> In the laboratory, the strength of this interaction can be measured by finding the temperature required to break the hydrogen bonds, their [[DNA melting|melting temperature]] (also called ''T<sub>m</sub>'' value). When all the base pairs in a DNA double helix melt, the strands separate and exist in solution as two entirely independent molecules. These {{Anchor|ssDNA}}single-stranded DNA molecules (''ssDNA'') have no single common shape, but some conformations are more stable than others.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Isaksson J, Acharya S, Barman J, Cheruku P, Chattopadhyaya J |title=Single-stranded adenine-rich DNA and RNA retain structural characteristics of their respective double-stranded conformations and show directional differences in stacking pattern |journal=Biochemistry |volume=43 |issue=51 |pages=15996–6010 |year=2004 |pmid=15609994 | doi = 10.1021/bi048221v}}</ref> ===Ọlọ́gbọ́n àti òdì-ọlọ́gbọ́n=== {{Further|[[Sense (molecular biology)]]}} A DNA sequence is called "sense" if its sequence is the same as that of a [[messenger RNA]] copy that is translated into protein.<ref>[http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/newsletter/misc/DNA.html Designation of the two strands of DNA] JCBN/NC-IUB Newsletter 1989, Accessed 07 May 2008</ref> The sequence on the opposite strand is called the "antisense" sequence. Both sense and antisense sequences can exist on different parts of the same strand of DNA (i.e. both strands contain both sense and antisense sequences). In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, antisense RNA sequences are produced, but the functions of these RNAs are not entirely clear.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hüttenhofer A, Schattner P, Polacek N |title=Non-coding RNAs: hope or hype? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-genetics_2005-05_21_5/page/289 |journal=Trends Genet |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=289–97 |year=2005 |pmid=15851066 |doi=10.1016/j.tig.2005.03.007}}</ref> One proposal is that antisense RNAs are involved in regulating [[gene expression]] through RNA-RNA base pairing.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Munroe S |title=Diversity of antisense regulation in eukaryotes: multiple mechanisms, emerging patterns |journal=J Cell Biochem |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=664–71 |year=2004 |pmid=15389973 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.20252}}</ref> A few DNA sequences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and more in [[plasmid]]s and [[virus]]es, blur the distinction between sense and antisense strands by having overlapping genes.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Makalowska I, Lin C, Makalowski W |title=Overlapping genes in vertebrate genomes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_computational-biology-and-chemistry_2005-02_29_1/page/n8 |journal=Comput Biol Chem |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |year=2005 |pmid=15680581 |doi=10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2004.12.006}}</ref> In these cases, some DNA sequences do double duty, encoding one protein when read along one strand, and a second protein when read in the opposite direction along the other strand. In [[bacteria]], this overlap may be involved in the regulation of gene transcription,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Johnson Z, Chisholm S |title=Properties of overlapping genes are conserved across microbial genomes |journal=Genome Res |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=2268–72 |year=2004 |pmid=15520290 | doi = 10.1101/gr.2433104 |pmc=525685}}</ref> while in viruses, overlapping genes increase the amount of information that can be encoded within the small viral genome.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lamb R, Horvath C |title=Diversity of coding strategies in influenza viruses |journal=Trends Genet |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=261–6 |year=1991 |pmid=1771674}}</ref> ===Ìlọ́pogidi=== {{Further|[[DNA supercoil]]}} DNA can be twisted like a rope in a process called [[DNA supercoil]]ing. With DNA in its "relaxed" state, a strand usually circles the axis of the double helix once every 10.4 base pairs, but if the DNA is twisted the strands become more tightly or more loosely wound.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Benham C, Mielke S |title=DNA mechanics |journal= Annu Rev Biomed Eng |volume=7 |pages=21–53 |year=2005 |pmid=16004565 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.062403.132016}}</ref> If the DNA is twisted in the direction of the helix, this is positive supercoiling, and the bases are held more tightly together. If they are twisted in the opposite direction, this is negative supercoiling, and the bases come apart more easily. In nature, most DNA has slight negative supercoiling that is introduced by [[enzyme]]s called [[topoisomerase]]s.<ref name=Champoux>{{cite journal |author=Champoux J |title=DNA topoisomerases: structure, function, and mechanism |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-biochemistry_2001_70/page/n388 |journal=Annu Rev Biochem |volume=70 |pages=369–413 |year=2001 |pmid=11395412 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.369}}</ref> These enzymes are also needed to relieve the twisting stresses introduced into DNA strands during processes such as [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]] and [[DNA replication]].<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal |author=Wang J |title=Cellular roles of DNA topoisomerases: a molecular perspective |journal=Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=430–40 |year=2002 |pmid=12042765 | doi = 10.1038/nrm831}}</ref> [[File:A-DNA, B-DNA and Z-DNA.png|thumb|right|From left to right, the structures of A, B and Z DNA]] ===Àwọn ìdìmú DNA míràn=== {{Further|[[Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid]], [[Molecular models of DNA|Àwọn àfijúwe oníhóró DNA]], àti [[DNA structure|Ìdìmú DNA]]}} DNA exists in many possible [[Conformational isomerism|conformations]] that include [[A-DNA]], B-DNA, and [[Z-DNA]] forms, although, only B-DNA and Z-DNA have been directly observed in functional organisms.<ref name=Ghosh/> The conformation that DNA adopts depends on the hydration level, DNA sequence, the amount and direction of supercoiling, chemical modifications of the bases, the type and concentration of metal [[ion]]s, as well as the presence of [[polyamine]]s in solution.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Basu H, Feuerstein B, Zarling D, Shafer R, Marton L |title=Recognition of Z-RNA and Z-DNA determinants by polyamines in solution: experimental and theoretical studies | journal=J Biomol Struct Dyn |volume=6 |issue=2 | pages=299–309 |year=1988 |pmid=2482766}}</ref> The first published reports of A-DNA [[X-ray scattering techniques|X-ray diffraction patterns]]— and also B-DNA used analyses based on [[Patterson function|Patterson transforms]] that provided only a limited amount of structural information for oriented fibers of DNA.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Franklin RE, Gosling RG |title=The Structure of Sodium Thymonucleate Fibres I. The Influence of Water Content |journal=Acta Crystallogr |volume=6 |issue=8–9 |pages=673–7 |date=6 March 1953 |doi=10.1107/S0365110X53001939 |url=http://hekto.med.unc.edu:8080/CARTER/carter_WWW/Bioch_134/PDF_files/Franklin_Gossling.pdf |access-date=1 December 2011 |archivedate=14 June 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614152932/http://hekto.med.unc.edu:8080/CARTER/carter_WWW/Bioch_134/PDF_files/Franklin_Gossling.pdf |deadurl=yes }}<br/>{{cite journal |author=Franklin RE, Gosling RG |title=The structure of sodium thymonucleate fibres. II. The cylindrically symmetrical Patterson function |journal=Acta Crystallogr |volume=6 |issue=8–9 |pages=678–85 |year=1953|doi=10.1107/S0365110X53001940 }}</ref><ref name=NatFranGos>{{cite journal| title=Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate. Franklin R. and Gosling R.G| journal=Nature | volume= 171 | pages= 740–1 | year=1953 | url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/franklingosling.pdf | pmid=13054694 | doi= 10.1038/171740a0| author=Franklin, Rosalind and Gosling, Raymond |format=PDF| issue=4356 | bibcode=1953Natur.171..740F}}</ref> An alternate analysis was then proposed by Wilkins ''et al.'', in 1953, for the ''in vivo'' B-DNA X-ray diffraction/scattering patterns of highly hydrated DNA fibers in terms of squares of [[Bessel function]]s.<ref name=NatWilk>{{cite journal| title=Molecular Structure of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acids | author= Wilkins M.H.F., A.R. Stokes A.R. & Wilson, H.R. | journal=Nature | volume= 171 | pages= 738–740 | year=1953 | url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/wilkins.pdf| pmid=13054693 | doi=10.1038/171738a0| format=PDF| issue=4356 | bibcode=1953Natur.171..738W}}</ref> In the same journal, [[James D. Watson]] and [[Francis Crick]] presented their [[Molecular models of DNA|molecular modeling]] analysis of the DNA X-ray diffraction patterns to suggest that the structure was a double-helix.<ref name=FWPUB/> Although the `B-DNA form' is most common under the conditions found in cells,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Leslie AG, Arnott S, Chandrasekaran R, Ratliff RL |title=Polymorphism of DNA double helices |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-molecular-biology_1980-10-15_143_1/page/49 |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=143 |issue=1 |pages=49–72 |year=1980 |pmid=7441761 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(80)90124-2}}</ref> it is not a well-defined conformation but a family of related DNA conformations<ref>{{cite journal |author=Baianu, I.C. |title=Structural Order and Partial Disorder in Biological systems|journal= Bull. Math. Biol. |volume= 42 |issue=4 |pages=137–141|year=1980}} http://cogprints.org/3822/</ref> that occur at the high hydration levels present in living cells. Their corresponding X-ray diffraction and scattering patterns are characteristic of molecular [[Paracrystalline|paracrystals]] with a significant degree of disorder.<ref>Hosemann R., Bagchi R.N., ''Direct analysis of diffraction by matter'', North-Holland Publs., Amsterdam – New York, 1962.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Baianu, I.C. |title=X-ray scattering by partially disordered membrane systems|journal=Acta Crystallogr A |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=751–753|year=1978|doi=10.1107/S0567739478001540|bibcode = 1978AcCrA..34..751B }}</ref> Compared to B-DNA, the A-DNA form is a wider right-handed spiral, with a shallow, wide minor groove and a narrower, deeper major groove. The A form occurs under non-physiological conditions in partially dehydrated samples of DNA, while in the cell it may be produced in hybrid pairings of DNA and RNA strands, as well as in enzyme-DNA complexes.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wahl M, Sundaralingam M |title=Crystal structures of A-DNA duplexes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biopolymers_1997_44_1/page/45 | journal=Biopolymers |volume=44 |issue=1 | pages=45–63 |year=1997 |pmid=9097733 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(1997)44:1<45::AID-BIP4>3.0.CO;2-# }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lu XJ, Shakked Z, Olson WK |title=A-form conformational motifs in ligand-bound DNA structures |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-molecular-biology_2000-07-21_300_4/page/819 |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=300 |issue=4 |pages=819–40 |year=2000 |pmid=10891271 |doi=10.1006/jmbi.2000.3690}}</ref> Segments of DNA where the bases have been chemically modified by [[methylation]] may undergo a larger change in conformation and adopt the [[Z-DNA|Z form]]. Here, the strands turn about the helical axis in a [[left-handed]] spiral, the opposite of the more common B form.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rothenburg S, Koch-Nolte F, Haag F |title=DNA methylation and Z-DNA formation as mediators of quantitative differences in the expression of alleles | journal=Immunol Rev |volume=184 | pages=286–98 |year=2001|pmid=12086319 |doi=10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1840125.x}}</ref> These unusual structures can be recognized by specific Z-DNA binding proteins and may be involved in the regulation of transcription.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Oh D, Kim Y, Rich A |title=Z-DNA-binding proteins can act as potent effectors of gene expression in vivo |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue=26 |pages=16666–71 |year=2002 |pmid=12486233 |doi=10.1073/pnas.262672699 |pmc=139201 |bibcode = 2002PNAS...9916666O }}</ref> ===Ìsiṣẹ́olòógùn DNA míràn=== For a number of years exobiologists have proposed the existence of a [[shadow biosphere]], a postulated microbial biosphere of Earth that uses radically different biochemical and molecular processes than currently known life. One of the proposals was the existence of lifeforms that use [[Arsenic DNA|arsenic instead of phosphorus in DNA]]. A December 2010 [[NASA]] press conference stated that the [[bacterium]] [[GFAJ-1]], which has evolved in an arsenic-rich environment, is the first terrestrial lifeform found which may have this ability. The bacterium was found in [[Mono Lake]], east of [[Yosemite National Park]]. GFAJ-1 is a [[Rod-shaped bacteria|rod]]-shaped [[extremophile]] bacterium in the family [[Halomonadaceae]] that, when starved of [[phosphorus]], may be capable of incorporating the usually poisonous element [[arsenic]] in its DNA.<ref name='arsenic extremophile'>{{cite news | first = Jason Palmer | title = Arsenic-loving bacteria may help in hunt for alien life | date = December 2, 2010 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11886943 | work = BBC News | accessdate = 2010-12-02}}</ref> This discovery may lend weight to the long-standing idea that [[life on other planets|extraterrestrial life]] could have a [[Hypothetical types of biochemistry|different chemical makeup]] from life on [[Earth]].<ref name='arsenic extremophile'/><ref name=Space>{{cite news | last = Bortman | first = Henry | title = Arsenic-Eating Bacteria Opens New Possibilities for Alien Life | date = 2010-12-02 | publisher = Space.com | url = http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/arsenic-bacteria-alien-life-101202.html | work = [http://www.space.com/ Space.Com web site] | accessdate = 2010-12-02}}</ref> The research was carried out by a team led by [[Felisa Wolfe-Simon]], a [[geomicrobiologist]] and geobiochemist, a Postdoctoral Fellow of the [[NASA Astrobiology Institute]] with [[Arizona State University]]. This finding has, however, faced strong criticism from the scientific community; scientists have argued that there is no evidence that arsenic is actually incorporated into biomolecules.<ref name="Space"/><ref>{{cite news | first = Alla Katsnelson | title = Arsenic-eating microbe may redefine chemistry of life | date = 2 December 2010 | url = http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101202/full/news.2010.645.html | work = Nature News | accessdate = 2010-12-02}}</ref> Independent conformation of this finding has also not yet been possible. ===Àwọn ìdìmú Quadruplex=== {{Further|[[G-quadruplex]]}} At the ends of the linear chromosomes are specialized regions of DNA called [[telomere]]s. The main function of these regions is to allow the cell to replicate chromosome ends using the enzyme [[telomerase]], as the enzymes that normally replicate DNA cannot copy the extreme 3′ ends of chromosomes.<ref name=Greider>{{cite journal |author=Greider C, Blackburn E |title=Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-12_43_2/page/n34 | journal=Cell |volume=43 |issue=2 Pt 1 | pages=405–13 |year=1985 |pmid=3907856 |doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90170-9}}</ref> These specialized chromosome caps also help protect the DNA ends, and stop the [[DNA repair]] systems in the cell from treating them as damage to be corrected.<ref name=Nugent>{{cite journal |author=Nugent C, Lundblad V |title=The telomerase reverse transcriptase: components and regulation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_genes-development_1998-04-15_12_8/page/n12 | journal=Genes Dev |volume=12 |issue=8 | pages=1073–85 |year=1998 |pmid=9553037 |doi=10.1101/gad.12.8.1073}}</ref> In [[List of distinct cell types in the adult human body|human cells]], telomeres are usually lengths of single-stranded DNA containing several thousand repeats of a simple TTAGGG sequence.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wright W, Tesmer V, Huffman K, Levene S, Shay J |title=Normal human chromosomes have long G-rich telomeric overhangs at one end | journal=Genes Dev |volume=11 |issue=21 | pages=2801–9 |year=1997 |pmid=9353250 |doi=10.1101/gad.11.21.2801 |pmc=316649}}</ref> [[File:Parallel telomere quadruple.png|thumb|right|DNA quadruplex formed by [[telomere]] repeats. The looped conformation of the DNA backbone is very different from the typical DNA helix.<ref>Created from [http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/atlas/xray/structures/U/ud0017/ud0017.html NDB UD0017]</ref>]] These guanine-rich sequences may stabilize chromosome ends by forming structures of stacked sets of four-base units, rather than the usual base pairs found in other DNA molecules. Here, four guanine bases form a flat plate and these flat four-base units then stack on top of each other, to form a stable ''[[G-quadruplex]]'' structure.<ref name=Burge>{{cite journal |author=Burge S, Parkinson G, Hazel P, Todd A, Neidle S |title=Quadruplex DNA: sequence, topology and structure | journal=Nucleic Acids Res |volume=34 |issue=19 | pages=5402–15 |year=2006 |pmid=17012276 |pmc=1636468 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl655}}</ref> These structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the edges of the bases and [[chelation]] of a metal ion in the centre of each four-base unit.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Parkinson G, Lee M, Neidle S |title=Crystal structure of parallel quadruplexes from human telomeric DNA |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2002-06-20_417_6891/page/876 | journal=Nature |volume=417 |issue=6891 | pages=876–80 |year=2002 |pmid=12050675 | doi = 10.1038/nature755}}</ref> Other structures can also be formed, with the central set of four bases coming from either a single strand folded around the bases, or several different parallel strands, each contributing one base to the central structure. In addition to these stacked structures, telomeres also form large loop structures called telomere loops, or T-loops. Here, the single-stranded DNA curls around in a long circle stabilized by telomere-binding proteins.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Griffith J, Comeau L, Rosenfield S, Stansel R, Bianchi A, Moss H, de Lange T |title=Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop |url=https://archive.org/details/cell_1999-05-14_97_4/page/503 | journal=Cell |volume=97 |issue=4 | pages=503–14 |year=1999 |pmid=10338214 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80760-6}}</ref> At the very end of the T-loop, the single-stranded telomere DNA is held onto a region of double-stranded DNA by the telomere strand disrupting the double-helical DNA and base pairing to one of the two strands. This [[Triple-stranded DNA|triple-stranded]] structure is called a displacement loop or [[D-loop]].<ref name=Burge/> <div class="thumb tright" style="background:#f9f9f9; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:0.5em;"> {| border="0" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width:200px; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:0.3em;" |[[File:Branch-dna-single.svg|75px]] |[[File:Branch-DNA-multiple.svg|95px]] |- |align=center|Single branch |align=center|Multiple branches |} <div style="border: none; width:200px;font-size: 90%;"><div class="thumbcaption">[[Branched DNA]] can form networks containing multiple branches.</div></div></div> ===DNA ẹlẹ́ka=== {{Further|[[Branched DNA]] and [[DNA nanotechnology]]}} In DNA [[DNA end#Frayed ends|fraying]] occurs when non-complementary regions exist at the end of an otherwise complementary double-strand of DNA. However, branched DNA can occur if a third strand of DNA is introduced and contains adjoining regions able to hybridize with the frayed regions of the pre-existing double-strand. Although the simplest example of branched DNA involves only three strands of DNA, complexes involving additional strands and multiple branches are also possible.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Seeman NC |title=DNA enables nanoscale control of the structure of matter |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_quarterly-reviews-of-biophysics_2005-11_38_4/page/363 |journal=Q. Rev. Biophys. |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=363–71 |year=2005|pmid=16515737 |doi=10.1017/S0033583505004087}}</ref> Branched DNA can be used in [[nanotechnology]] to construct geometric shapes, see the section on [[DNA#Uses in technology|uses in technology]] below. ===Ìgbọ̀ntìtì=== DNA may carry out [[Low-frequency collective motion in proteins and DNA|low-frequency]] collective motion as observed by the [[Raman spectroscopy]]<ref name="pmid7115900">{{cite journal | author = Painter PC, Mosher LE, Rhoads C | title = Low-frequency modes in the Raman spectra of proteins | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_biopolymers_1982-07_21_7/page/1469 | journal = Biopolymers | volume = 21 | issue = 7 | pages = 1469–72 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7115900 | doi = 10.1002/bip.360210715}}</ref><ref name="Urabe_1983">{{cite journal | author = Urabe H, Tominaga Y, Kubota K | title = Experimental evidence of collective vibrations in DNA double helix (Raman spectroscopy) | journal = Journal of Chemical Physics | year=1983 | volume = 78 | pages = 5937–5939 | doi = 10.1063/1.444600|bibcode = 1983JChPh..78.5937U | issue = 10 }}</ref> and analyzed with a quasi-continuum model.<ref name="pmid6466317">{{cite journal | author = Chou KC | title = Low-frequency vibrations of DNA molecules | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 221 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–31 | year = 1984| pmid = 6466317 | pmc = 1143999}}</ref><ref name="pmid2775828">{{cite journal | author = Chou KC, Maggiora GM, Mao B | title = Quasi-continuum models of twist-like and accordion-like low-frequency motions in DNA | journal = Biophys. J. | volume = 56 | issue = 2 | pages = 295–305 | year = 1989| pmid = 2775828 | pmc = 1280479 | doi = 10.1016/S0006-3495(89)82676-1 | bibcode=1989BpJ....56..295C}}</ref> {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{Reflist|30em}} {{MolBioGeneExp}} {{Nucleic acids}} {{Genetics}} [[Ẹ̀ka:DNA| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Sáyẹ́nsì]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Gẹ́nẹ́tíìkì]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìṣiṣẹ́alábìímọ́| ]] 6gkr15msxnwvkknyvkrvh530zmz31pw Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo 0 9138 632179 582760 2026-08-19T19:45:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632179 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo'''</font><br><font size="1">[[List of Nigerian state nicknames|State nickname]]: Heart Beat of Nigeria</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Location |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:NigeriaEdo.png|200px|Location of Edo State in Nigeria]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Statistics |- |align="left" valign="top"|[[List of Nigerian state governors|Governor]] <br> ([[List of Governors of Edo State|List]]) |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Adams Oshiomhole]] ([[Action Congress (Nigeria)|AC]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[List of Nigerian states by date of statehood|Date Created]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[27 August]] [[1991]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[List of Nigerian state capitals|Capital]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Benin City]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Area]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|17,802 [[square kilometer|km²]]<br>[[List of Nigerian states by area|Ranked 22nd]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|[[Population]] <br> [[1991]] Census <br> [[2005]] estimate |align="left" valign="top"| [[List of Nigerian states by population|Ranked 27th]]<br> 2,159,848 <br> 3,497,502 |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[ISO 3166-2]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|NG-ED |} [[File:Omo edo1 011840.png|thumb|imura omo ilu ipinle Edo]] '''Ìpínlẹ̀''' '''Edo''' jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú [[Awon Ipinle Naijiria|àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́rìndínlógójì]] ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nàìjíríà]], tí ó wà ní agbègbè ẹkù gúúsù ti orílẹ̀ èdè náà.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edo {{!}} state, Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Edo-state-Nigeria|access-date=2021-09-16|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ètò-ìkànìyàn lórílẹ̀ èdè ti ọdún 2006, ìpínlẹ̀ náà jẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n ní iye pẹ̀lú ènìyàn tí ó tó mílíọ́nnù mẹ́ta-àbọ̀-dínní-díẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nàìjíríà]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Census - Nigeria Data Portal|url=https://nigeria.opendataforafrica.org/xspplpb/nigeria-census|access-date=2021-07-08|website=nigeria.opendataforafrica.org}}</ref> Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo jẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejìlélógún tí ó gbòòrò jùlọ ní ààyè tàbí agbègbè gẹ́gẹ́ bí títóbi ilẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nàìjíríà]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-05|title=World Gazetteer: Nigeria - administrative divisions (per geographical…|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1133987757&men=gadm&lng=en&gln=xx&dat=32&geo=-158&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&srt=apnn|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105064307/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1133987757&men=gadm&lng=en&gln=xx&dat=32&geo=-158&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&srt=apnn|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-05|access-date=2022-05-12|website=archive.ph}}</ref> Olu-ilu ìpínlẹ̀ náà àti ìlú rè, ni [[:en:Benin_City|Ìlu Benin]], tí ó jẹ́ ìlú [[:en:List_of_Nigerian_cities_by_population|ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kẹ́rin]] tí ó tóbi jùlọ ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nàìjíríà]], tí ó sì jẹ́ ibùdó ilé-iṣẹ́ tí ń ṣe rọ́bà orílẹ̀ èdèy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Benin City {{!}} History & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin-City|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2018-06-08|title=Obaseki Revives N5.1bn Urhonigbe Rubber Plantation|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/06/08/obaseki-revives-n5-1bn-urhonigbe-rubber-plantation/|access-date=2021-07-10|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> Wọ́n dáa sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1991 látara Ìpínlẹ̀ [[:en:Bendel_State|Bendel]] tẹ́lẹ̀rí, wọ́n sì tún mọ̀ọ́ sí ìró ọkàn orílẹ̀ èdè.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edo state: The heartbeat of the Nation|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2012/03/26/edo-state-the-heartbeat-of-the-nation/|access-date=2022-08-14|website=Channels Television}}</ref> Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo pín ààlà pẹ̀lú Ìpínlẹ̀ [[:en:Kogi_State|Kogi]] sí àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn, pẹ̀lú Ìpínlẹ̀ [[:en:Anambra_State|Anambra]] sí ìlà-oòrùn, pẹ̀lú Ìpínlẹ̀ [[:en:Delta_State|Delta]] sí gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn àti gúúsù-gúúsù àti pẹ̀lú Ìpínlẹ̀ [[:en:Ondo_State|Ondo]] sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edo {{!}} state, Nigeria {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Edo-state-Nigeria|access-date=2022-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn ààlà òde-òní ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo yí àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n jẹ́ agbègbè oríṣiríṣi ìjọba àti ìjọba tí wọ́n dásílẹ̀ ní [[:en:11th_century|ọgọ́rùn ọdún mọ́kànlá AD]] sẹyìn ká, ìyẹn Ìjọba [[:en:Benin_Empire|Benin]].{{sfn|Strayer|2013|pp=695-696}} Ìlú àtijọ́ ti [[:en:Benin_City|Edo]], agbègbè ti ìlu Benin òde-òní, jẹ́ ilé sí díẹ̀ nínú àwọn iṣẹ́-orílẹ̀ tí ó tóbi jùlọ ní àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Koutonin|first=Mawuna|date=2016-03-18|title=Story of cities #5: Benin City, the mighty medieval capital now lost without trace|url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/18/story-of-cities-5-benin-city-edo-nigeria-mighty-medieval-capital-lost-without-trace|access-date=2021-03-15|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1897, [[:en:British_Empire|ìjọba aláwọ̀-funfun]] ṣe ìrìn-àjò ìjìyà ti agbègbè kan, tí ó pa púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìlú Edo àtijọ́ run àti ṣíṣàfikún agbègbè náà sínú ohun tí yóò di gúúsù [[Nàìjíríà]] lábẹ́ àbò [[:en:British_Empire|ìjọba aláwọ̀-funfun]].<ref name="jstor.org">{{cite journal|last=Obinyan|first=T. U.|date=September 1988|title=The Annexation of Benin|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-black-studies_1988-09_19_1/page/29|journal=Journal of Black Studies|publisher=Sage .|volume=19|issue=1|pages=29–40|doi=10.1177/002193478801900103|jstor=2784423|s2cid=142726955}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Koutonin|first=Mawuna|date=2016-03-18|title=Story of cities #5: Benin City, the mighty medieval capital now lost without trace|url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/18/story-of-cities-5-benin-city-edo-nigeria-mighty-medieval-capital-lost-without-trace|access-date=2021-07-10|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo jẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó kúnfún àwọn oríṣiríṣi àwọn olùgbé tí ó gbilẹ̀ jẹ́ àwọn ará [[:en:Edoid_languages|Edoid]], pẹ̀lú àwọn ará [[:en:Edo_people|Edo (or Bini)]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edo|url=https://nalrc.indiana.edu/doc/brochures/edo.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530174806/https://nalrc.indiana.edu/doc/brochures/edo.pdf|archive-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> [[:en:Esan_people|Esan]], [[:en:Owan|Owan]] àti [[:en:Afemai_people|Afemai people]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: Esan ethnic group; whether it is a sub-group of the Yoruba; religions practised; whether members of this ethnic group engage in Ogboni practices|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3f7d4de138.html|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref> ÈdèEdoid tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ní sísọ jùlọ ni [[:en:Edo_language|èdè Edo]], ní èyí tí wọ́n máa ń sọ jù ní ìlu Benin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edo language, alphabet and pronunciation|url=https://omniglot.com/writing/edo.htm|access-date=2021-03-15|website=omniglot.com}}</ref> [[:en:Christianity_in_Nigeria|Ẹ̀sin kììtẹ́nì]] ni ó gbilẹ̀ jù ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo. [[:en:Christian_mission|Àwọn arìnrìnàjò onígbàgbọ́]] [[:en:Portuguese_Empire|Portuguese]] ni wọ́n mu wa si agbègbè náà ni gbèdéke [[:en:11th_century|ọgọ́rùn ọdún mẹ́ẹ̀dógún]]. Wọ́n ṣe ẹ̀sin [[:en:Islam_in_Nigeria|Mùsùlùmí]] àti [[:en:Ethnic_religion|ẹ̀sìn àbáláyé]] náà.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Benin kingdom/Edo state Religions|url=https://www.edoworld.net/EdotourismReligion.html|access-date=2021-03-15|website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> ==Àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ lábẹ́ rẹ== Àwọn ìjọba ìbị́lẹ̀ méjìdínlógun ló wà lábẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ Edo. {{div col}} *Akoko-Edo *Egor *Esan Central *Esan North-East *Esan South-East *Esan West *Etsako Central *Etsako East *Etsako West *Igueben *Ikpoba-Okha *Oredo *Orhionmwon *Ovia North-East *Ovia South-West *Owan East *Owan West *Uhunmwonde {{div col end}} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} {{AwonGominaEdo}} {{Ibile Edo}} {{Ipinle Naijiria}} {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} [[Category:Ìpínlẹ̀ Ẹdó| ]] pit0muzlzg7tap4j4lyvm7mx9gjcwdz Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau 0 9200 632051 598657 2026-08-19T16:28:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|State of Nigeria}} {{About|àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]|àti àwọn míràn|Plateau (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Plateau | official_name = | type = [[ìpínlẹ̀ orílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]|State]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Plateau_State_Flag.jpg | flag_alt = Flag of Plateau State | image_seal = Plateau_State_Coat_of_arms.jpg | seal_alt = Seal of Plateau State | nickname = [[List of Nigerian state nicknames|Home of Peace and Tourism]] | image_map = Nigeria - Plateau.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Plateau State in Nigeria | coordinates = {{coord|9|10|N|9|45|E|region:NG_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} | established_title = [[List of Nigerian states by date of statehood|Date created]] | established_date = 3 February 1976 | seat_type = [[List of Nigerian state capitals|Capital]] | seat = [[Jos]] | government_footnotes = | governing_body = [[Government of Plateau State]] | leader_party = [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] | leader_title = [[List of Nigerian state governors|Governor]]<ref>See [[List of Governors of Plateau State]] for a list of prior governors</ref> | leader_name = [[Simon Bako Lalong]] | leader_title1 = {{nowrap|Deputy Governor}} | leader_name1 = [[Sonni Gwanle Tyoden]] | leader_title2 = Legislature | leader_name2 = [[Yakubu Yakson Sanda]], [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] [[Plateau State House of Assembly]] | leader_title3 = [[Senate of Nigeria|Senators]] | leader_name3 = {{Nowrap|[[Plateau Central Senatorial District|C]]: [[Hezekiah Ayuba Dimka]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|[[Plateau North Senatorial District|N]]: [[Istifanus Gyang]] ([[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|[[Plateau South Senatorial District|S]]: [[Nora Daduut]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}} | leader_title4 = [[Nigerian House of Representatives|Representatives]] | leader_name4 = [[Ahmed Idris Wase]] (APC) <br>[[Beni Lar]] (PDP)<br>[[Dachung Musa Bagos]] (PDP)<br>[[Komsol Alphonsus Longgap]] (APC) <br>[[Simon Davou Mwadkwon]] (PDP) <br>[[Solomon Maren Bulus]] (PDP) <br>[[Gagdi Adamu Yusuf]] (APC) <br>[[Musa Agah]] (PDP) | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 30913 | area_rank = [[List of Nigerian states by area|12 of 36]] | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 3,206,531<ref name="PHC Tables">{{Cite web|url=http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|title=2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION|website=population.gov.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054745/http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|archive-date=2017-10-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2006 | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_rank = [[List of Nigerian states by population|26 of 36]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | demographics_type1 = [[List of Nigerian states by GDP|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Year | demographics1_info1 = 2007 | demographics1_title2 = Total | demographics1_info2 = $5.15&nbsp;billion<ref name="C-GIDD GDP">{{cite web|url=http://www.cgidd.com|publisher=Canback Dangel|title=C-GIDD (Canback Global Income Distribution Database)|access-date = 2008-08-20}}</ref> | demographics1_title3 = Per capita | demographics1_info3 = $1,587<ref name="C-GIDD GDP"/> | timezone1 = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset1 = +01 | postal_code_type = postal code | postal_code = 930001 | area_code_type = | area_code = | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.562<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#fc0|medium}} · [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index|22nd of 37]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:NG|NG-PL]] | website = [http://www.plateaustate.gov.ng/ plateaustate.gov.ng] | footnotes = }} '''Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau''' jẹ́ Ìpínlẹ̀ ìkejìlá tí ó wà ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] tí ó tòní jùlọ. Ìpínlẹ̀ yí wà ní àárín gbùngbùn orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí àwọn òkè àpáta orísiríṣi sì yi ka, pàá pàá jùlọ ìlú [[Jos]] tí ó jẹ́ olú ìlú fún Ìpínlẹ̀ náà. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria {{!}} Culture, History, & People|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> Ìnagijẹ tí wọ́n ń pe Ìpínlẹ̀ yí ni ''Ilé Àlááfíà àti abẹ̀wò'', ìdí ni wípé Ìpínlẹ̀ náà kún fún orísiríṣi ohun mère-mère tí ó ń wu ojú rí bíi iṣàn [[omi]], àpáta láriṣiríṣi, òkè ńlá-ńlá ati bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Iye àwọn olùgbé ibẹ̀ jẹ́ mílíọ́nù mẹ́ta àti abọ̀. <ref>{{cite web |last=Ibrahim |first=Abubakar |date=28 February 2022 |title=Add citation |url=https://www.plateaustate.gov.ng/plateau/at-a-glance |access-date=8 November 2022 |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614153117/https://plateaustate.gov.ng/plateau/at-a-glance |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Terminus market traffic.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Terminus market]] ==Ìrísí Ìpínlẹ̀ náà== ===Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ tí wọ́n múlé tìí=== * [[Bauchi State]]&nbsp;– ní apá ìlà Oòrùn gúsù * [[Kaduna State]]&nbsp;– ní apá ìwọ̀ Oòrùn gúsù * [[Nasarawa State]]&nbsp;– ní apá ìwọ̀ Oòrùn ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Taraba State]]&nbsp;– ní apá ìlà Oòrùn ilé Nàìjíríà ===Àwọn Ẹnu Ààlà=== Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau wà ní àárín gbùngbùn ilẹ̀ òkè ọya, ó sì jẹ́ ìkan lára àwọn ẹkùn mẹ́fà tí wọ́n pín ilẹ̀ Hausa sí. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1094595-geopolitical-zones-nigeria-states.html|title=Geopolitical zones in Nigeria and their states|date=20 March 2017}}</ref> Tí sare ilẹ̀ wọn sì tó 26,899 iye ìwọ̀n bí Ìpínlẹ̀ náà fi gùn ní òró tó 08°24'N and longitude 008°32' and 010°38' east.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plateau {{!}} state, Nigeria {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Plateau-state-Nigeria |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Wọ́n sọ Ìpínlẹ̀ yí ní orúkọ rẹ̀ Jos Plateau tí ó jẹ́ agbègbè kan tí òkè pọ̀ sí jùlọ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ náà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=2017-10-10 |title=SHERE HILLS: Amazing hills and rock formations |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/shere-hills-amazing-hills-rock-formations/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[òkúta]] ati [[àpáta]] oríṣiríṣi ni wọ́n pọ̀ jàntìrẹrẹ ní àárín igbó àti ijù. ===Ojú ọjọ́=== Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé Ìpínlẹ̀ Jos wà ní àárín gbùngbùn òkè ọya, síbẹ̀ ojú ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ fanimọ́ra látàrí bí Oòrùn ríràn kò ṣe kí ń ju ìdá mẹ́tàlá sí ìdá méjìlélógún (13 - 22&nbsp;°C) lọ. Bí [[ọyẹ́]] bá mú ní àsìkò oṣù Kejìlá sí oṣù kejì ọdún, ojú ọjọ́ wọn yóò tutù mìnìjọ̀. Pẹ̀lú bí oru ṣe ma ń mú lásìkò ọ̀gbẹlẹ̀, Ìpínlẹ̀ Jos ma ń tutù ní tìrẹ̀ ni. Rírọ̀ [[òjò]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ yí ma ń le ju ara wọn lọ ju ti bí a ṣe ri nínú àtẹ yí {{convert|131.75|cm|0|abbr=on}} apá àríwá {{convert|146|cm|0|abbr=on}} Ìpínlẹ̀ plateau, bí ó ṣe jẹ́ wípé ọwọ́ òjò ma ń le níagbègbè yí làsìkò òjò. Bí ojú ọjọ́ ìpínlẹ̀ yí ti rí ni ó jẹ́ kí àdínkù bá àwọn oríṣiríṣi àjakálẹ̀ àrùn ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà yàtọ̀ sí bí a ti ń ri ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó múlé tì wọ́n. Ìpínlẹ̀ Jos tún jẹ́ orísun iṣàn [[omi] fún àwọn odò ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó múlé tiwaọ́n bíi: [[Kaduna]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]], [[Hadejia River|Hadeja]] àti odò [[Damaturu River|Damaturu]] rivers. lásìkò ọ̀gbẹlẹ̀. ==Jiọ́lọ́jì== Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau jẹ́ ibi tí oríṣiríṣi [[òkúta]] pọ̀ sí, pàá pàá jùlọ àwọn àfọ́kù [[àpáta]] tí wọ́n gbọ̀n sílẹ̀. Àwọn òkúta tí a ti mẹ́nu bá yí yóò tó mílíọ́nù lónà 160 níye, èyí sì mú kí Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau ó yàtọ̀ ní ìrísí. Bákan náà ni àwọn òkè òun pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ pọ̀ níbẹ̀ látàrí bí òkè ṣe pọ̀ sí. Ẹ̀wẹ̀, ìsẹ̀lẹ̀ ìrúsókè [[iná]] láti inú àpáta (volcano) mú kí orísiríṣi ohun àlùmọ́nì <ref name="Vanguard News 2014">{{cite web | title=Exploring the resource control option - Plateau State, by Futureview CEO, Elizabeth Ebi | website=Vanguard News | date=2014-12-30 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/exploring-resource-control-option-plateau-state-futureview-ceo-elizabeth-ebi/ | access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref> pọ̀ níbẹ̀ ju àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ tó kú ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] lọ. <ref name="Hodder1959">{{cite journal|last1=Hodder|first1=B. W.|authorlink=Dick Hodder|title=Tin Mining on the Jos Plateau of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_economic-geography_1959-04_35_2/page/109|journal=Economic Geography|volume=35|issue=2|year=1959|pages=109–122|issn=0013-0095|doi=10.2307/142394|jstor=142394}}</ref> ==Àwọn itọ́ka sí== {{reflist}} 0g8xysz5hggmm20zk7a5de1ckh3v9ws Índíà 0 9432 632137 605785 2026-08-19T18:40:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name=भारत गणराज्य*<br />''{{lang|inc-Latn|Bhārat Gaṇarājya}}'' |conventional_long_name=Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Índíà<br /> Republic of India |common_name=Índíà |image_flag=Flag of India.svg |alt_flag=Horizontal tricolour flag (deep saffron, white, and green). In the center of the white is a navy blue wheel with 24 spokes. |image_coat=Emblem of India.svg |alt_coat=Three lions facing left, right,and toward viewer, atop a frieze containing a galloping horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto "सत्यमेव जयते". |symbol_type=National Emblem |national_motto=''"Satyameva Jayate" ''<small>(Sanskrit)</small><br /> {{lang|sa|सत्यमेव जयते}}&nbsp; <small>(Devanāgarī)<br />"Truth Alone Triumphs"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_emblem.php|title=State Emblem -''Inscription''|accessdate=2007-06-17|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre|National Informatics Centre(NIC)]]}}</ref></small> |image_map=India_in_its_region_(disputed).svg |alt_map=Image of globe centered on India, with India highlighted. |map_width=220px |national_anthem=''Jana Gana Mana''<small><br />Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people</small><ref>{{cite web|title=''National Anthem'' – Know India portal|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_anthem.php|accessdate=2007-08-31|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre|National Informatics Centre(NIC)]]|year=2007}}</ref> |other_symbol_type=<span class="plainlinks">[[National anthem|National Song]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol12p1.htm|title=Constituent Assembly of India&nbsp;— Volume XII|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre|National Informatics Centre(NIC)]]|accessdate=2007-06-29|date=1950-01-24|work=Constituent Assembly of India: Debates|publisher=parliamentofindia.nic.in, National Informatics Centre|quote=The composition consisting of the words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it.}}</ref> |other_symbol= |official_languages=[[Híńdì]], [[Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]] |languages_type=[[Official languages of India|Constitutional languages]] |languages={{collapsible list|title=[[Official languages of India#The Official languages of the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution|8th Schedule:]]|[[Assamese language|Assamese]]|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|[[Bodo language|Bodo]]|[[Dogri language|Dogri]]|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]|[[Hindi]]|[[Kannada language|Kannada]]|[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]|[[Konkani language|Konkani]]|[[Maithili language|Maithili]]|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]|[[Meitei language|Manipuri]]|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|[[Nepali language|Nepali]]|[[Oriya language|Oriya]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|[[Sanskrit]]|[[Santali language|Santali]]|[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|[[Urdu]]<ref> {{cite web |title=Official Languages Resolution, 1968 |work=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |publisher=[[National Informatics Centre|National Informatics Centre(NIC)]] |url=http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/dolresolutioneng.htm |accessdate=2009-06-11}}.</ref>}} |capital=[[New Delhi]] |latd=28 |latm=36.8 |latNS=N |longd=77 |longm=12.5 |longEW=E |largest_city=[[Mumbai]] |demonym=[[Demographics of India|Índíà]] |government_type=Olómìnira ìjọba àpapọ̀<ref name="IndiaGlance">{{cite web|title=India at a Glance|work=Know India Portal|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre|National Informatics Centre(NIC)]]|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/india_at_a_glance.php|accessdate=2007-12-07}}</ref> |leader_title1=[[Aare orile-ede India |Ààrẹ]] |leader_name1=[[Droupadi Murmu]] |leader_title2=[[Igbakeji Aare ti India|Vice President]] |leader_name2= |leader_title3=[[Prime Minister ti India|Prime Minister]] |leader_name3=[[Narendra Modi]] |leader_title4=[[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] |leader_name4=Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai |legislature=[[Parliament of India|Sansad]] |upper_house=[[Rajya Sabha]] |lower_house=[[Lok Sabha]] |area_km2=3,287,240 |area_sq_mi=1,269,210<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank=7th |area_magnitude=1 E12 |area_footnote=<sup>‡</sup> |percent_water=9.56 |population_estimate=1,198,003,000<ref name=unpop>{{cite paper | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1| version=2008 revision | format=.PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | date=2009 | accessdate= 2009-03-12}}</ref> |population_estimate_year=2009 |population_estimate_rank=2nd |population_census=1,028,610,328<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/popu1.aspx|title=India at a glance: Population|work=Census of India, 2001|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=2009-04-25}}</ref> |population_census_year=2001 |population_density_km2=364.4 |population_density_sq_mi=943.9<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank=32nd |GDP_PPP_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP = $3.298 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=534&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr1.x=40&pr1.y=15 |title=India|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 4th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,780<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 130th |GDP_nominal = $1.206 trillion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 12th |GDP_nominal_year = 2008 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,017<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 143rd |HDI_year=2007 <!-- Please use the year in which the HDI data refers to and not the publication year --> |HDI= 0.612<ref name="UN">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2009. Human development index trends: Table G|publisher=The United Nations|accessdate=2009-10-05}}</ref> |HDI_rank=134th |HDI_category=<span style="color:#fc0;">medium</span> |Gini=36.8<ref name="CIA_GINI">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|title=Field Listing&nbsp;— Distribution of family income&nbsp;— Gini index|date=15 May 2008|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[CIA]]|accessdate=2008-06-06|archive-date=2009-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |Gini_year=2004 |sovereignty_type=[[Indian independence movement|Independence]] |sovereignty_note=from [[British Raj|United Kingdom]] |established_event1=Declared |established_date1=15 Oṣù Ògún 1947 |established_event2=[[Republic]] |established_date2=26 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 1950 |currency=[[Indian rupee]] (₨) |currency_code=INR |time_zone=[[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |utc_offset=+5:30 |time_zone_DST=not observed |utc_offset_DST=+5:30 |cctld=[[.in]] |calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in India|91]] |drives_on=left |footnotes={{Collapsible list|state=uncollapsed|title='''Non-numbered Footnotes:'''|'''*''' ''Bharat Ganarajya'', that is, the Republic of India in [[Hindi]],<ref name="IndiaGlance"/> written in the ''[[Devanāgarī]]'' script. See also [[Official names of India|other official names]]|'''‡''' This is the figure as per the [[United Nations]] though the Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 square kilometres.<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Area of India|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/India.pdf|accessdate=2007-09-03|format=PDF|work=[[Country Studies]], India|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]{{ndash}} [[Federal Research Division]]|date=December 2004|quote=The country’s exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 square kilometres and the total land area as 3,060,500 square kilometres; the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 square kilometres and total land area as 2,973,190 square kilometres.}}</ref>}} }} '''Índíà''', tàbí '''Orílẹ̀-èdè''' '''Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Índíà''' (ní èdè [[Èdè Híndì|Híńdì]]: भारत गणराज्य '''''Bhārat''' Gaṇarājya'';), jẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè kan ní Gúúsù Éṣíà. Ohun ni orílẹ̀-èdè [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|kejè títóbi júlọ̀]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtóbí jẹ́ọ́gráfì, orílẹ̀-èdè [[List of countries by population|kìn-ín-ni tó ní ìye àwọn ènìyàn]] [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|júlọ]]<ref name=":0" /> pẹ̀lú bíi 1.43 bílíọ̀nù ènìyàn,<ref name=":1" /> àti ìjọba-oníbò tó ni ìye àwọn ènìyàn júlọ̀ lágbàyé. Ó ja mọ [[Indian Ocean|Òkun Índíà]] ní gúúsù, [[Arabian Sea|Òkun Lárúbáwá]] ni ìwọ̀ oòrùn, àti [[Bay of Bengal|Ebado Benga]] ní ìlà oòrùn, India ní etíkun tó jẹ́ 7,516.6 kilometres (4,700 mi)<ref name=":2" />. Ó ni ààlà láàrin [[Pakistan]] ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn; [[Ṣáínà]], [[Nepal]], ati [[Bhutan]] si àríwà; ati [[Bangladesh|Bangladẹ́shì]] ati [[Burma]] ní ìlà oòrùn. Índíà wà nítosí [[Sri Lanka]], àti [[Maldives]] tí wọ́n wà ní [[Òkun Índíà]]. Gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ilẹ̀ Ọ̀làjú Àfonífojì Indus jẹ́ ibí tó ní ìdàgbàsókè púpọ̀, abẹ́orílẹ̀ Índíà jẹ́ ibi àwọn ènìyàn mọ̀ fún ọlá àti [[Àṣà|àṣà]] rẹ̀ káàkiri ayé.<ref name=":1">Oldenburg, Phillip. 2007. "[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557562_10____97/India.html#s97 India: History]," [[Microsoft Encarta]] Online Encyclopedia 2007. [http://www.webcitation.org/5kyWYD7cM Archived] 1 November 2009.</ref> Esin nla merin, [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]] ati [[Sikhism]] ni won bere latibe, nigbati [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism|Esin Ju]], [[Christianity|Esin Kristi]] ati [[Islam|Imale]] de sibe ni egberundun akoko IO (CE) won si kopa ninu bi orisirisi [[Indian culture|asa]] agbegbe na seri. Diedie o je fifamora latowo [[Honourable East India Company|British East India Company]] lati ibere orundun ikejidinlogun, o si di ile amusin Ile-oba Isodokan lati arin orundun ikandinlogun, India di orile-ede alominira ni 1947 leyin [[Indian independence movement|akitiyan fun isominira]] to se pataki fun [[non-violent resistance|isatako alaise jagidijagan]] kakiri.<ref name="CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA 3">{{cite book |title = Concise Encyclopedia|publisher = [[Dorling Kindersley|Dorling Kindersley Limited]] |year = 1997 |page = 455 |isbn = 0-7513-5911-4 |author = written by John Farndon.}}</ref> India je orile-ede olominira kan to ni [[States and territories of India|ipinle 28 ati awon agbegbe isokan meje]] pelu [[Parliamentary democracy|sistemu onileasofin oseluaralu]]. [[Economy of India|Okowo India]] ni [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|okowo ikokanla titobijulo]] gege bi olorujo [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] lagbaye ati [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|ikerin titobijulo]] gege bi [[purchasing power parity|ibamu agbara iraja]]. Otun je omo egbe [[Commonwealth of Nations|Ajoni awon Orile-ede]], [[G20 major economies|G-20]], [[BRIC]], [[South Asian Free Trade Area|SAFTA]] ati [[World Trade Organization|Agbajo Owo Agbaye]]. India je [[List of states with nuclear weapons|orile-ede toni ohun-ijagun bombu inuatomu]], o si ni [[List of countries by military expenditures|ile-ise ologun ikewa ton nawojulo]] pelu [[List of countries by number of troops|ile-ise ologun adigun keji titobijulo]] lagbaye. [[Economic liberalization in India|Atunse okowo to bere lati 1991]] ti so India di ikan ninu [[List of countries by GDP (real) growth rate|awon okowo to n dagba kiakia julo lagbaye]];<ref name="ERS"/> sibesibe, [[poverty in India|aini]] si tun ba ja,<ref name="gov.in-prmar07PDF">[http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/news/prmar07.pdf Poverty estimates for 2004–05], Planning commission, [[Government of India]], March 2007. Accessed: 25 August 2007.</ref> [[Education in India|aimookomooka]], [[Corruption in India|iwa-ibaje]], [[Health in India|arun]], ati [[Malnutrition in India|aijeunkanu]]. Gege bi awujo [[religious pluralism|esin olopolopo]], [[Languages of India|eledepupo]] ati [[multiethnic society|eleya eniyan pupo]], India tun je ibugbe fun opolopo awon [[Fauna of India|eran-igbe]] ni opolopo [[Protected areas of India|ibi alaabo]]. {| class="infobox borderless" |+ National symbols of the Republic of India (Official) |- ! '''National animal''' | | [[Image:2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National bird''' | | [[Image:Pavo muticus (Tierpark Berlin) - 1017-899-(118).jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National tree''' | | [[Image:Banyan tree on the banks of Khadakwasla Dam.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National flower''' | | [[Image:Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National heritage animal''' | | [[Image:Panthera tigris.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National aquatic marine mammal''' | | [[Image:PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National reptile''' | | [[Image:King-Cobra.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National heritage mammal''' | | [[Image:Hanuman Langur.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National fruit''' | | [[Image:An Unripe Mango Of Ratnagiri (India).JPG|50px]] |- ! '''National temple''' | | [[Image:New Delhi Temple.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National river''' | | [[Image:River Ganges.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''National mountain''' | | [[Image:Nanda Devi 2006.JPG|50px]] |- |} == Orísun ìtumọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ == ''India'' ({{pron-en|ˈɪndiə}}) gege bi oruko wa lati ''[[Indus River|Indus]]'', to wa lati oro [[Old Persian|Persia Atijo]] ''[[Hindu]]'', lati [[Sanskrit]] सिन्धु ''Sindhu'', oruko ibile fun [[Indus River|Odo Indus]].<ref name=":0">"India", ''Oxford English Dictionary'', second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press.</ref> Awon [[Griiki]] ayeijoun n pe awon ara India ni ''Indoi'' (Ινδοί), awon eniyan Indus.<ref name="basham">{{cite book |first=A. L. |last=Basham |title=[[The Wonder That Was India]] |publisher=South Asia Books |year=2000 |isbn=0283992573}}</ref> [[Constitution of India|Ilana Ibagbepo ile India]] ati lilo oro towopo ninu opo awon ede India bakanna tun seidamo ''Bharat'' (pipe {{IPA-hns|ˈbʱɑːrʌt̪||hi-Bharat.ogg}}) gege bi oruko onibise iru kanna.<ref name=":2">{{cite web| title=Official name of the Union|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/fullact1.asp?tfnm=00%201|work=Courts Informatics Division, [[National Informatics Centre]], Ministry of Comm. and Information Tech |quote=Name and territory of the Union- India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.|accessdate=8 August 2007}}</ref> Bharat gege bi oruko wa lati oruko oba olokiki [[Bharata (emperor)|Bharata]] ninu awon Itan-Awaso Hindu. ''[[Hindustan]]'' ({{IPA-hns|hɪnd̪ʊˈstɑːn||Hindustan.ogg}}), ni berebere to je oro [[Persian language|Persia]] fun “Ile Hindus” lati toka si [[North India|apaariwa India]], bakanna tun lilo gege bi oruko gbogbo India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hindustan|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266465/Hindustan|accessdate=18 June 2007|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Inc.|year=2007}}</ref> == Ìtàn == Awon ibugbe apata Igba Okuta pelu awon iyaworan ni [[Bhimbetka rock shelters]] ni [[Madhya Pradesh]] ni eri igbe eniyan pipejulo ni India. Awon ibudo akoko ti a mo bere ni odun to ju 9,000 seyin lo, diedie o si dagba soke si [[Indus Valley Civilisation]],<ref>{{cite web |title = Introduction to the Ancient Indus Valley |url=http://www.harappa.com/indus/indus1.html |accessdate = 18 June 2007 |year= 1996 |publisher = Harappa}}</ref> ti ojo ori re to odun 3400&nbsp;[[Common Era|BCE]] ni apaiwoorun India. Eyi je titele pelu [[Vedic period]], to se ipilese [[Hinduism|Esin Hindu]] ati awon asa miran igba ibere awujo India, o si pari ni awon odun 500 BCE. Lati bi 550&nbsp;BCE, opolopo awon ile-oba alominira ati orile-ede olominira ti a mo bi [[Mahajanapadas]] je didasile kakiri ibe.<ref>{{cite book | author= Krishna Reddy | title = Indian History | year= 2003 | publisher = Tata McGraw Hill | location = New Delhi | isbn = 0070483698 | page = A107 }}</ref> [[Fáìlì:Indischer Maler des 6. Jahrhunderts 001.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Damaged brown painting of a reclining man and woman.|Paintings at the [[Ajanta Caves]] in [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Maharashtra]], sixth century]] Ni orundun keta&nbsp;KIO (BCE), opo gbogbo Guusu Asia je piparapo di [[Maurya Empire|Ileobaluaye Maurya]] latowo [[Chandragupta Maurya]] o si lokunkun ni asiko [[Ashoka the Great|Ashoka Olokiki]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Maurya dynasty |url = http://www.livius.org/man-md/mauryas/mauryas.html |author = Jona Lendering |accessdate = 17 June 2007 |archive-date = 26 February 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120226183742/http://www.livius.org/man-md/mauryas/mauryas.html |dead-url = yes }}</ref> Lati igba orundun keta IO (CE), [[Gupta Empire|ijoba iran Gupta]] samojuto igba ti a mo bi ancient "[[Golden Age of India|Igba Oniwura India]] ayeijoun."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/ancient_history4.php|title=Gupta period has been described as the Golden Age of Indian history|accessdate=3 October 2007 |publisher= ''[[National Informatics Centre]] (NIC)''}}</ref><ref>Heitzman, James. (2007). "[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571624/Gupta_Dynasty.html#s3 Gupta Dynasty,] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029013809/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571624/Gupta_Dynasty.html#s3 |date=2009-10-29 }}" Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007. 31 October 2009.</ref> Awon ileobaluaye ni [[South India|Apaguusu India]] je kikopomo gbogbo awon ti [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya]], ti [[Chola Dynasty|Cholas]] ati ti [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. [[Science and technology in ancient India|Sayensi, teknoloji]], [[List of Indian inventions and discoveries|ise-ero]], [[Indian art|ise-ona]], [[Indian logic|ogbon]], [[Languages of India|ede]], [[Indian literature|litireso]], [[Indian mathematics|mathematiiki]], [[Indian astronomy|itorawo]], [[Indian religion|esin]] ati [[Indian philosophy|imo-oye]] di olokunkun labe itoju awon oba wonyi. Leyin awon [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|iborile lati Arin Asia]] larin orundun 10th ati 12th, opo Ariwa India ni won bo si abe ijoba [[Delhi Sultanate]] ati leyin eyi sabe [[Mughal Empire|Ileobaluaye Mughal]]. Labe isejoba [[Akbar the Great]], India gbadun idagbasoke asa ati okowo pupo ati irepo esin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edwebproject.org/india/mughals.html|title=The Mughal Legacy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.easternbookcorporation.com/moreinfo.php?txt_searchstring=13880|title=The Mughal World : Life in India's Last Golden Age|access-date=2010-05-03|archive-date=2012-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119220948/http://www.easternbookcorporation.com/moreinfo.php?txt_searchstring=13880|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Awon obaluaye Mughal diedie fe ile won si pupo lati dori apa nla abeorile. Sibesibe, ni [[North-East India|Ariwa-Apailaorun]] India, alagbara to joba ibe ni ileoba [[Ahom]] ti [[Assam]], gege bi ikan ninu awon ileoba ti won lodi si ijobalenilori Mughal. Ihalemo ninla akoko si agbara ijoba Mughal wa latodo oba [[Hindu]] [[Rajput]] kan [[Maha Rana Pratap]] ti [[Mewar]] ni orundun 16th ati leyin eyi latodo orile-ede Hindu kan to n je [[Maratha confederacy|adapapo Maratha]], to joba lori opo India ni arin orundun 18th.<ref>[http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MUGHAL/MARATHAS.HTM The Mughals: The Marathas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041621/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MUGHAL/MARATHAS.HTM |date=2009-10-05 }}.</ref> Lati orundun 16th, awon alagbara ara Europe bi [[Portugal]], [[Netherlands|Hollandi]], [[France|Fransi]], ati [[United Kingdom|Iparapo Ileoba]] se idasile ibudo owo (trading posts) be sini leyin eyi won lo anfani ti awon ija abele ibe fa wa lati sedasile awon ibiamusin nibe. Nigba to fi di 1856, opo India ti bo sabe idari [[Honourable East India Company|British East India Company]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/history_freedom_struggle.php|title=History : Indian Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)|accessdate=3 October 2007|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre|National Informatics Centre (NIC)]]|quote=And by 1856, the British conquest and its authority were firmly established.|archive-date=27 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227213048/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/history_freedom_struggle.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Odun kan leyin eyi, igbogundi kakiri awon eyo ologun olodi ijoba ati awon ileoba, ti a mo bi [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Ogun Ilominira Akoko India]] tabi [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Sepoy Mutiny]], koju idari ile-ise yi gidigidi sugbon ko yori si rere. Nitori aidurorege, India bo si abe isejoba taara [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Oba Alade Britani]]. [[Fáìlì:Nehru Gandhi 1937.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Two smiling men in robes sitting on the ground, with bodies facing the viewer and with heads turned toward each other. The younger wears a white Nehru cap; the elder is bald and wears glasses. A half dozen other people are in the background.|[[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] (right) with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], 1937. Nehru would go on to become India's first prime minister in 1947.]] Ni orundun 20th, [[Indian independence movement|akitiyan fun ilominira]] kakiri orile-ede bere latowo [[Indian National Congress]] ati awon agbajo oloselu miran.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Claude | editor-last=Markovits |title=A History of Modern India, 1480–1950 | series=Anthem South Asian Studies |publisher=Anthem Press |location= |year=2004 |page=345 |isbn=1-84331-152-6 }}</ref> Olori India [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] lewaju awon egbegberun eniyan ni opolopo igbese torile-ede fun [[civil disobedience|aigboran araalu]] [[Ahimsa|aini-jagidijagan]] .<ref name="CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA 3"/> Ni ojo 15 osu kejo 1947, India gba ilominira kuro lowo isejoba Britani, sugbon nigba kanna awon [[Partition of India|agbegbe ogunlogo Musulum je pipinniya]] lati da orile-ede otooto [[Pakistan]].<ref name="CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA..">{{cite book |title = Concise Encyclopedia |publisher = [[Dorling Kindersley|Dorling Kindersley Limited]] |year = 1997 |page = 322 |isbn = 0-7513-5911-4 |author = written by John Farndon.}}</ref> Ni ojo 26 osi kinni 1950, India di orile-ede olominira be sini [[Constitution of India|ilana ibagbepo]] tuntun je gbigbe jade.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|title=CIA Factbook: India|work=[[CIA Factbook]]|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html|accessdate=10 March 2007|archive-date=11 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Lati igba ilominira, India ti ni awon isoro lati owo[[Religious violence in India|jagidijagan esin]], [[Caste-related violence in India|casteism]], [[Naxalite|naxalism]], [[Terrorism in India|isedaniloro]] ati latowo awon igbogunti oludase agbegbe, agaga ni [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu ati Kashmir]] ati Ariwailaorun India. Lati igba awon odun 1990 awon [[:Template:Campaignbox India terrorism|idigbolu adaniloro]] ti nipa lori opolopo awon ilu India. India ni ariyanjiyan ile pelu orile-ede [[People's Republic of China|Olominira awon Eniyan ile Saina]], to di ni odun 1962 [[Sino-Indian War|Ogun Saina-India]], ati pelu [[Pakistan]], to fa awon ogun ni [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|1947]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971]] ati ni [[Kargil War|1999]]. India je omo egbe adasile [[United Nations|Iparapo awon Orile-ede]] (gege bi India Britani) ati [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. Ni odun 1974, India se [[Smiling Buddha|nuclear test]] nipamo<ref name="India is a Nuclear State">{{cite web |title = India Profile |url = http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/India/index.html |accessdate = 20 June 2007 |year= 2003 |publisher = [[Nuclear Threat Initiative|Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)]]}}</ref> ati [[Pokhran-II|idanwo marun]] ni 1998, eyi so India di [[List of states with nuclear weapons#Other known nuclear powers|orile-ede to ni bombu inuatomu]].<ref name="India is a Nuclear State"/> Lati 1991, [[Economic liberalization in India|atundase okowo pataki]]<ref name="Montek">{{cite paper |author = [[Montek Singh Ahluwalia]] |title = Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? |version = |publisher = Journal of Economic Perspectives |year= 2002 |url = http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/speech/spemsa/msa008.doc |format = MS Word |accessdate = 13 June 2007 }}</ref> ti so India di [[List of countries by GDP (real) growth rate|ikan ninu awon okowo to n dagba kiakia julo]] lagbaye, eyi fun lagbara pupo laye.<ref name="ERS">{{cite web|url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/India/|title=India is the second fastest growing economy|accessdate=5 August 2007|work=Economic Research Service (ERS)|publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA)|archive-date=20 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520002800/http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/India/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Ijoba == {{Main|Government of India}} [[Constitution of India|Ilana-Ibagbepo ile India]], to je ilana-ibagbepo togunjulo ati to kunrerejulo ti orile-ede alominira lagbaye, je gbigba bi ofin ni 26 January 1950.<ref name="Pylee2004 ">{{cite book |last=Pylee |first=Moolamattom Varkey |title=Constitutional Government in India|year=2004 |publisher=[[S. Chand]] |page=4|chapter=The Longest Constitutional Document|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=veDUJCjr5U4C&pg=PA4&dq=India+longest+constitution&as_brr=0&sig=ZpqDCkfUoglOQx0XQ8HBpRWkRAk#PPA4,M1|accessdate=31 October 2007|isbn=8121922038|edition=2nd}}</ref> [[preamble to the Constitution of India|Akokoso]] [[Constitution of India|ilana-ibagbepo]] yi setumo India gege bi orile-ede [[republic|olominira]] [[liberal democracy|toseluaralu]] [[sovereignty|sovereign]], [[socialism|sosialisti]], [[secularism|ti araaye]].<ref name="Dutt1998">{{cite journal |last=Dutt |first=Sagarika |year=1998 |title=Identities and the Indian state: An overview |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_1998_19_3/page/411 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=411–434 |doi=10.1080/01436599814325}} at p. 421.</ref> India ni ileasofin oniyewumeji to n sise bi sistemu onileasofin [[Westminster system|iru Westminster]]. Iru ijoba re je jijuwe pe o je bi 'quasi-federal' pelu gbongan to lagbara ati awon ipinle ti won ko lagbara,<ref name="Wheare1964">{{cite book |last=Wheare |first=K.C. |title=Federal Government| edition=4th| year=1964 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=28}}</ref> sugbon o ti di apapo diedie lati opin awon odun 1990 nitori awon iyipada oloselu, olokowo ati alawujo.<ref name="dencentralisation">{{Cite book | last=Echeverri-Gent | first=John | contribution=Politics in India's Decentred Polity | editor1-last=Ayres | editor1-first=Alyssa | editor2-last=Oldenburg | editor2-first=Philip | title=Quickening the Pace of Change | series=India Briefing | place=London | publisher=M.E. Sharpe | year=2002 | isbn=076560812X | pp=19–53.}} at pp. 19–20; {{Cite journal | last=Sinha | first=Aseema | title=The Changing Political Economy of Federalism in India | journal=India Review |volume=3 |issue=1 | year=2004 | pp=25–63 | doi=10.1080/14736480490443085 | page=25}} at pp. 25–33.</ref> [[President of India|Aare ile India]] ni olori orile-ede<ref name="Sharma1950">{{cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Ram |year=1950 |title=Cabinet Government in India |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_parliamentary-affairs_winter-1950_4_1/page/116 |journal=Parliamentary Affairs |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=116–126}}</ref> to je didiboyan latowo [[electoral college|igbimo onidiboyan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.constitution.org/cons/india/p05054.html|title=Election of President|accessdate=2 September 2007|work=The Constitution Of India|publisher=Constitution Society|quote=The President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college.}}</ref> fun igba odun marun kan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gledhill |first=Alan |title=The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution| edition=2nd| year=1964 |publisher=Stevens and Sons |page=112}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.constitution.org/cons/india/p05056.html|title=Tenure of President's office|accessdate=2 September 2007|work=The Constitution Of India|publisher=Constitution Society|quote=The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office.}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of India|Alakoso Agba]] ni olori ijoba, ohun lo si segbese opo agbara alase.<ref name="Sharma1950"/> Gege bi yiyan latowo Aare,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.constitution.org/cons/india/p05075.html|title=Appointment of Prime Minister and Council of Ministers|accessdate=2 September 2007|work=The Constitution Of India|publisher=Constitution Society|quote=The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.}}</ref>Alakoso Agba je titileyin latowo [[political party|egbe oloselu]] tabi ifowosowopo oloselu to ni ogunlogo awon ijoko ni ile kekere Ileasofin.<ref name="Sharma1950"/> Apa ijoba apase ni Aare, Igbakeji Aare, ati [[Council of Ministers of Republic of India|Igbimo awon Alakoso]] ([[Cabinet (government)|Kabinet]] ni igbimo apase re) ti olori re je Alakoso Agba. Alakoso yiowu to ni ipo gbodo je ikan ninu awon omo ile ileasofin. Ninu sistemu onileasofin ti India, apase wa labe asofin, nibi ti Alakoso Agba ati Igbimo re wa labe ile kekere.<ref name="manorama">{{cite book |first=K.M. |last=Matthew |title=Manorama Yearbook 2003 |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |isbn=8190046187|page=524 |year=2003}}</ref> Asofin ile India ni [[Parliament of India|Ileasofin]] oniyewumeji, to ni ile oke ti o n je [[Rajya Sabha]] (Igbimo awon Ipinle) ati ile kekere to n je [[Lok Sabha]] (Ile awon Eniyan).<ref>{{cite book |last=Gledhill |first=Alan |title=The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution| edition=2nd| year=1964 |publisher=Stevens and Sons |page=127}}</ref> Rajya Sabha, agbarajo aiyese, ni 245 omo egbe ti won wa nibe fun odun marun.<ref name="Parliament">{{cite web |url = http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.htm?id=http://parliamentofindia.gov.in/ |title = ''Our Parliament'' A brief description of the Indian Parliament |accessdate = 16 June 2007 |publisher = www.parliamentofindia.gov.in }}</ref> Opo won je didiboyan taara latowo awon asofin [[States and territories of India|ipinle ati agbegbe]] gege bi iye awon eniyan won.<ref name="Parliament"/> == Awon ipinle India == {{India states}} {{Coord|21|N|78|E|region:IN_type:country_source:dewiki|display=title}} {{ekunrere}} ==Akojọ ti awọn olori ipinle ti Índíà== *[[Àkójọ àwọn olórí orílẹ̀-èdè ilẹ̀ Índíà]] *[[Àkójọ ti àwọn Aare ti Índíà]] *[[Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Índíà]] == Itokasi == {{reflist|2}} {{India topics}} {{Countries of Asia}} {{Àyọkà pàtàkì}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Índíà| ]] tgs0pur3f4tp5qshdgh5b75r8axrj9z Ábídí 0 9555 632086 628735 2026-08-19T17:24:39Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:A Specimen by William Caslon.jpg|thumb|right|320px|''A Specimen'' of typeset fonts and languages, by [[William Caslon]], letter founder; from the 1728 ''[[Cyclopaedia]]''.]] {{Short description|Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn lẹ́tá tí a ń lò láti kọ èdè kan}} {{Redirect|Abcs|àwọn lílò mìíràn|ABCS (disambiguation)}} {{About|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì lápapọ̀|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní pàtó|English alphabet|iléeṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ńlá káríayé|Alphabet Inc.|àwọn lílò mìíràn}} {{pp-semi-indef}} {{pp-move}} {{Use British English|date=December 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} '''Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì''' jẹ́ [[writing system|ìlànà ìkọ̀wé]] kan tí ó ń lo àkójọpọ̀ àwọn àmì tó di ìwọ̀n, tí a ń pè ní ''[[letter (alphabet)|lẹ́tá]]'', láti ṣojú fún àwọn ìró pàtó nínú èdè tí a ń sọ. Ní pàtó, àwọn ''lẹ́tá'' máa ń dọ́gba púpọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn [[phoneme|fònnímù]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí abala ìró tí ó kéré jùlọ tí ó lè mú ìyàtọ̀ wà láàárín ọ̀rọ̀ [[word|ọ̀rọ̀]] kan sí òmíràn nínú èdè kan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pulgram |first=Ernst |year=1951 |title=Phoneme and Grapheme: A Parallel |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_word_1951-04_7_1/page/15 |journal=WORD |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=15–20 |doi=10.1080/00437956.1951.11659389 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kìí ṣe gbogbo ìlànà ìkọ̀wé ló ń ṣojú èdè ní ọ̀nà yìí: [[syllabary|ìlànà-sílèbù]] máa ń pèsè àmì fún àwọn [[syllable|sílèbù]] tí a ń sọ, nígbà tí [[logographies|lógógíráfì]] ń pèsè àmì fún àwọn [[word|ọ̀rọ̀]], [[morpheme|mọ́fíìmù]], tàbí àwọn ẹyọ ìtumọ̀ mìíràn.<ref name="Daniels4">{{Harvnb|Daniels|Bright|1996|p=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-1068-6_5 |chapter=The Korean writing system: An alphabet? A syllabary? A logography? |title=Processing of Visible Language |date=1980 |last1=Taylor |first1=Insup |pages=67–82 |isbn=978-1-4684-1070-9 }}</ref> Àwọn lẹ́tá àkọ́kọ́ ni a hùmọ̀ rẹ̀ ní [[Ancient Egypt|Íjíbítì Ayé Àtijọ́]] láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrànlọ́wọ́ nínú kíkọ [[Egyptian hieroglyph|háyírógílífì Íjíbítì]]; àwọn wọ̀nyí ni àwọn [[lexicographer|onímọ̀-atúmọ̀-èdè]] ń tọ́ka sí gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Egyptian uniliteral sign|àmì lẹ́tá-ẹyọkan ti Íjíbítì]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Himelfarb |first1=Elizabeth J. |title=First Alphabet Found in Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_archaeology_january-february-2000_53_1/page/21 |journal=Archaeology |volume=53 |issue=1 |date=2000 |page=21 }}</ref> A lo ìlànà yìí títí di ọ̀rúndún karùn-ún&nbsp;AD,<ref name="Houston-2003" /> ó sì yàtọ̀ pátápátá nípa fífi àwọn ìtọ́kasí ìpè-ọ̀rọ̀ kún àwọn háyírógílífì tó wà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí kò ní ìwífún ìpè-ọ̀rọ̀ kankan tẹ́lẹ̀. Nígbà tó ṣe, a lo àwọn àmì [[phonemic|fònnímù]] wọ̀nyí láti kọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àjèjì.<ref name="Daniels" /> Ìkọ̀wé fònnímù kíkún àkọ́kọ́ ni [[Proto-Sinaitic script|ìkọ̀wé Pùrótò-Sínáítíìkì]], èyí tí ó tún ṣẹ̀wá láti inú háyírógílífì Íjíbítì, èyí tí a wá túnṣe lẹ́yìn náà láti ṣẹ̀dá [[Phoenician alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Fòníṣíà]]. Ìlànà Fòníṣíà ni a kà sí áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì gidi àkọ́kọ́, òun sì ni olórí-orísun púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìkọ̀wé òde-òní, pẹ̀lú [[Arabic alphabet|Lárúbáwá]], [[Cyrillic script|Sírílììkì]], [[Greek alphabet|Gíríìkì]], [[Hebrew alphabet|Hébérù]], [[Latin alphabet|Látìnì]], àti bóyá [[Brahmic scripts|Bírámììkì]].<ref name="Coulmas 140" /><ref name="Daniels 9296">{{Harvnb|Daniels|Bright|1996|pp=92–96}}</ref><ref name="Goldwasser-2012" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goldwasser |first=Orly |year=2010 |title=How the Alphabet was Born from Hieroglyphs |url=https://archive.org/details/biblical-archaeology-review_march-april-2010_36_2/page/40 |journal=Biblical Archaeology Review |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=40–53}}</ref> [[File:Phoenician alphabet.svg|thumb|Àwọn lẹ́tá tó bá ara mu nínú áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Fòníṣíà àti Látìnì|class=skin-invert-image]] [[Peter T. Daniels]] ṣe ìyàtọ̀ ''áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì gidi''—tí ń lo lẹ́tá láti ṣojú àti [[consonants|kọ́ńsónáǹtì]] àti [[vowels|fáwẹ́lì]]—kúrò nínú [[abugida|ábúgídà]] àti [[abjad|ábújádì]], tí ó nílò lẹ́tá fún kọ́ńsónáǹtì nìkan. Ábúgídà máa ń ṣojú wọn pẹ̀lú àwọn [[diacritic|àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀]] tí a fi kún àwọn lẹ́tá, nígbà tí ábújádì kò sábà ní àwọn afihàn fáwẹ́lì rárá. Ní ìtumọ̀ kékeré yìí, [[Greek alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gíríìkì]] ni áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì gidi àkọ́kọ́;{{sfn|Coulmas|1999|pp=13, 178-179}}{{sfn|Millard|1986|p=396}} a gbé e jáde ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ láti inú [[Phoenician alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Fòníṣíà]], èyí tí ó jẹ́ ábújádì.{{sfn|Daniels|Bright|1996|pp=3–5, 91, 261–281}} Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì sábà máa ń ní títò tó di ìwọ̀n fún àwọn lẹ́tá wọn. Èyí sọ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì di irinṣẹ́ wúlò nínú [[collation|ìtòpọ̀]], níwọ̀n bí a ti lè to àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ sínú títò tí a gbé kalẹ̀ dáadáa—tí a mọ̀ dunjú sí [[alphabetical order|títò gẹ́gẹ́ bí áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì]]. Èyí tún túmọ̀ sí pé a lè lo àwọn lẹ́tá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti "fún ní nọ́mbà" àwọn nǹkan tí a tò. Àwọn ìlànà kan ń ṣe àfihàn [[acrophony|àkírófónì]], ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan níbi tí a ti fún àwọn lẹ́tá ní orúkọ tí ó yàtọ̀ sí pípè wọn. Àwọn ìlànà tó ní àkírófónì pẹ̀lú Gíríìkì, [[Arabic alphabet|Lárúbáwá]], [[Hebrew alphabet|Hébérù]], àti [[Syriac alphabet|Síríákì]]; àwọn ìlànà tí kò ní pẹ̀lú [[Latin alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì]]. == Ìwáṣẹ̀ Ọ̀rọ̀ == Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ''alphabet'' wọ inú [[Middle English|Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Àárín]] láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[Late Latin|Látìnì Ìgbà Ìkẹyìn]] {{lang|la|alphabetum}}, èyí tí ó ṣẹ̀wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ Gíríìkì {{lang|grc|ἀλφάβητος}} {{tlit|grc|alphábētos}}; a ṣẹ̀dá rẹ̀ láti inú lẹ́tá méjì àkọ́kọ́ ti áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gíríìkì, ''[[alpha (letter)|álífà]]'' (α) àti ''[[beta (letter)|bẹ́tà]]'' (β).<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2023 |title=alphabet |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alphabet |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster.com]]}}</ref> Àwọn orúkọ fún lẹ́tá Gíríìkì, ní ẹ̀wẹ̀, ṣẹ̀wá láti inú lẹ́tá méjì àkọ́kọ́ ti áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Fòníṣíà: ''[[aleph|álẹ́fì]]'', ọ̀rọ̀ fún ''màlúù'', àti ''[[bet (letter)|bẹ́ẹ̀tì]]'', ọ̀rọ̀ fún ''ilé''.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Alphabet |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/alphabet-writing |access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> == Ìtàn == {{Main|History of the alphabet}} === Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì tó jẹmọ́ Fòníṣíà === ==== Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Ìlà-Oòrùn Ayé Àtijọ́ ==== [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|Ìlànà ìkọ̀wé Íjíbítì Ayé Àtijọ́]] ní àkójọpọ̀ bii [[Egyptian uniliteral signs|háyírógílífì mẹ́rinlélógún]] tí a ń pè ní lẹ́tá-ẹyọkan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gnomon |date=2004-04-08 |editor-last=Lynn |editor-first=Bernadette |title=The Development of the Western Alphabet |url=https://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A2451890 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209231814/https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2451890 |archive-date=Dec 9, 2008 |access-date=2008-08-04 |work=BBC |archivedate=9 December 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209231814/https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2451890 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> tí wọ́n jẹ́ àmì-ìkọ̀wé tí ń pèsè ìró kàn ṣoṣo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uniliteral Signs |url=https://www.bibalex.org/learnhieroglyphs/lesson/LessonDetails_En.aspx?l=54#:~:text=Uniliteral%20signs%20are%20the%20most,They%20represent%20a%20single%20sound |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Learn Hieroglyphs |publisher=Bibliotheca Alexandrina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260725181744/https://www.bibalex.org/learnhieroglyphs/lesson/LessonDetails_En.aspx?l=54|archive-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> A lo àwọn àmì-ìkọ̀wé wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtọ́sọ́nà pípè fún àwọn [[logogram|lógógírámù]], láti kọ àwọn àyípadà gírámà, àti, lẹ́yìn náà, láti kọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-àyálò àti àwọn orúkọ àjèjì.<ref name="Daniels">{{Harvnb|Daniels|Bright|1996|pp=74–75}}</ref> A lo ìkọ̀wé náà ní ìwọ̀nba nínú ọ̀rúndún kẹrin&nbsp;AD.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=James P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lF78Max-h8MC&pg=PA8 |title=Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-139-48635-4 |edition=2nd}}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti pa àwọn tẹ́mpìlì abọ̀rìṣà tì, wọ́n gbàgbé rẹ̀ nínú ọ̀rúndún karùn-ún títí di ìgbà tí wọ́n rí Òkúta Rosetta.<ref name="Houston-2003">{{cite journal |last1=Houston |first1=Stephen |last2=Baines |first2=John |last3=Cooper |first3=Jerrold |title=Last Writing: Script Obsolescence in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Mesoamerica |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_comparative-studies-in-society-and-history_2003-07_45_3/page/430 |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |date=2003 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=430–479 |doi=10.1017/S0010417503000227 |id={{ProQuest|212670035}} |jstor=3879458 }}</ref> [[cuneiform|Kínífọ́ọ̀mù]] tún wà, tí wọ́n lò jùlọ láti kọ àwọn èdè àtijọ́ púpọ̀, pẹ̀lú [[Sumerian language|èdè Sumeria]].<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Bram |first=Jagersma |title=A Descriptive Grammar of Sumerian |date=4 November 2010 |hdl=1887/16107 |hdl-access=free |publisher=[[Leiden University]] |page=15}}</ref> Ìgbà ìkẹyìn tí a mọ̀ pé wọ́n lo kínífọ́ọ̀mù ni ọdún 75&nbsp;AD, lẹ́yìn èyí tí a kò lo ìkọ̀wé náà mọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Westenholz |first1=Aage |title=The Graeco-Babyloniaca Once Again |journal=Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie |date=19 January 2007 |volume=97 |issue=2 |doi=10.1515/ZA.2007.014 }}</ref> Ní [[Middle Bronze Age|Ìgbà Ìdẹ Àárín]], ìlànà áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì kan tí a mọ̀ sí [[Proto-Sinaitic script|ìkọ̀wé Pùrótò-Sínáítíìkì]] fara hàn nínú àwọn ibi ìwakùsà turquoise ti Íjíbítì ní [[Sinai Peninsula|Ilẹ̀-ayéagbáda Sínáì]] ní bíi ọdún 1840&nbsp;BC, èyí tí ó jọ pé àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Kénáánì ló fi sílẹ̀. [[Orly Goldwasser]] ti so àbá èrò pé àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn a-wakùsà turquoise tí kò mọ̀ọ́kọ-mọ̀ọ́kà ló bẹ̀rẹ̀ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì.<ref name="Goldwasser-2012">{{cite journal |last1=Goldwasser |first1=Orly |title=The Miners Who Invented the Alphabet – A Response to Christopher Rollston |journal=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections |date=12 September 2012 |volume=4 |issue=3 |doi=10.2458/azu_jaei_v04i3_goldwasser |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ní ọdún 1999, àwọn onímọ̀ Íjíbítì ará Amẹ́ríkà [[John Coleman Darnell|John]] àti [[Deborah Darnell]] ṣàwárí ẹ̀yà àtijọ́ ti áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì àkọ́kọ́ yìí ní àfonífojì [[Wadi el-Hol]]. Ìkọ̀wé náà jẹ́ ti bíi ọdún 1800&nbsp;BC, ó sì fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé a yá a wá láti inú àwọn ìrísí pàtó ti háyírógílífì Íjíbítì tí a lè tọpasẹ̀ padà sí bíi ọdún 2000&nbsp;BC, èyí tó dámọ̀ràn gidi pé áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì àkọ́kọ́ ti gbèrú ní àkókò yẹn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Darnell |first1=John Coleman |author-link=John Coleman Darnell |last2=Dobbs-Allsopp |first2=F. W. |author-link2=F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp |last3=Lundberg |first3=Marilyn J. |last4=McCarter |first4=P. Kyle |author-link4=P. Kyle McCarter |last5=Zuckerman |first5=Bruce |last6=Manassa |first6=Colleen |author-link6=Colleen Darnell |year=2005 |title=Two Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from the Wadi el-Ḥôl: New Evidence for the Origin of the Alphabet from the Western Desert of Egypt |journal=The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume=59 |pages=63, 65, 67–71, 73–113, 115–124 |jstor=3768583}}</ref> Ìkọ̀wé náà dá lórí ìrísí lẹ́tá àti orúkọ, èyí tí a gbàgbọ́ pé ó dá lórí háyírógílífì Íjíbítì.<ref name="Coulmas 140">{{Harvnb|Coulmas|1989|pp=140–141}}</ref> Ìkọ̀wé yìí kò ní àwọn ohun-ìkọ̀wé kankan tó ń ṣojú àwọn fáwẹ́lì. Ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, ó ṣeéṣe kó jẹ́ ìlànà-sílèbù—ìkọ̀wé níbi tí a ti fi àwọn lẹ́tá ṣojú àwọn sílèbù—pẹ̀lú yíyọ àwọn àmì tí a kò nílò kúrò. Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Ìgbà Ìdẹ tí ó dájú jùlọ ni [[Ugaritic alphabet|Ugárítì]], tí a hùmọ̀ ní [[Ugarit]] ṣáájú ọ̀rúndún kẹẹ̀dógún&nbsp;BC. Èyí jẹ́ ìkọ̀wé kínífọ́ọ̀mù áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì tí ó ní àmì ọgbọ̀n, pẹ̀lú mẹ́ta tí ń tọ́ka fáwẹ́lì tí ń tẹ̀lé e. A kò lo ìkọ̀wé yìí mọ́ lẹ́yìn ìparun Ugarit ní ọdún 1178&nbsp;BC.<ref>''Ugaritic Writing'' [http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterThree/UgariticWriting.htm online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713205523/http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterThree/UgariticWriting.htm |date=13 July 2020 }}</ref> [[File:Ba`alat.png|thumb|left|Àpẹẹrẹ ti [[Proto-Sinaitic script|ìkọ̀wé Pùrótò-Sínáítíìkì]], ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìkọ̀wé fònnímù tí ó pẹ́ jùlọ|class=skin-invert-image]] Ìkọ̀wé Pùrótò-Sínáítíìkì kẹ̀yìnbọ̀ wá dàgbà di áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Fòníṣíà, tí a ń pè lọ́nà ti àṣà ní [[Proto-Canaanite alphabet|Pùrótò-Kénáánì]], ṣáájú bíi ọdún 1050&nbsp;BC.<ref name="Daniels 9296" /> Ọ̀rọ̀ kíkọ tó pẹ́ jùlọ nínú ìkọ̀wé Fòníṣíà ni àkọsílẹ̀ lórí pósí Ọba [[Ahiram]] ní bíi ọdún 1000&nbsp;BC. Ìkọ̀wé yìí ni ìyá gbogbo áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì ìwọ̀-oòrùn. Nígbà tí yóò fi di ọ̀rúndún kẹwàá&nbsp;BC, ìrísí méjì mìíràn ti yọrí ọlá, [[Canaanite alphabet|Kénáánì]] àti [[Aramaic alphabet|Árámáìkì]]. Árámáìkì ló bí [[Hebrew alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Hébérù]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Coulmas|1989|p=142}}</ref> [[South Arabian alphabet|Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gúúsù Lárúbáwá]], ìkọ̀wé arábìnrin sí áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Fòníṣíà, ni ìkọ̀wé tí [[Geʽez script|ìkọ̀wé Geʽez]] ti ṣẹ̀wá. Ábúgídà jẹ́ àwọn ìlànà ìkọ̀wé pẹ̀lú àwọn lẹ́tá tí ó parapọ̀ mọ́ kọ́ńsónáǹtì–fáwẹ́lì. Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì tí kò fi fáwẹ́lì ṣe ọ̀ran-ọ̀-dandan ni a ń pè ní ''[[abjad|ábújádì]]'', àpẹẹrẹ wọn ni Lárúbáwá, Hébérù, àti [[Syriac alphabet|Síríákì]]. Yíyọ àwọn fáwẹ́lì kúrò kò sábà ṣeé ṣe wẹ́kú nítorí àìní láti ṣètọ́jú àwọn ìwé mímọ́. A lo àwọn kọ́ńsónáǹtì "lọ́wọ́ọ́rọ́" láti tọ́ka sí fáwẹ́lì. Àwọn lẹ́tá wọ̀nyí ní iṣẹ́ méjì níwọ̀n bí a ti tún lè lò wọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí kọ́ńsónáǹtì lásán.<ref>{{Harvnb|Coulmas|1989|p=147}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Matres lectionis |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/matres-lectionis |access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref> Ìkọ̀wé Pùrótò-Sínáítíìkì àti ìkọ̀wé Ugárítì ni àwọn ìkọ̀wé àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú iye àmì díẹ̀ dípò lílo ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àmì ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ fún ọ̀rọ̀, ní ìyàtọ̀ sí kínífọ́ọ̀mù, háyírógílífì Íjíbítì, àti [[Linear B]]. Ìkọ̀wé Fòníṣíà ṣeéṣe kó jẹ́ ìkọ̀wé fònnímù àkọ́kọ́,<ref name="Coulmas 140" /><ref name="Daniels 9296" /> ó sì ní ojú lẹ́tá ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ bíi mẹ́rinlélógún nìkan, èyí tí ó sọ ọ́ di ìkọ̀wé tó rọrùn tó fún àwọn oníṣòwò láti kọ́. Àǹfààní mìíràn ti áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Fòníṣíà ni pé ó lè kọ àwọn èdè ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ níwọ̀n bí ó ti ń ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ nípa fònnímù wọn.{{sfn|Hock|Joseph|2009|p=85}} Àwọn Fòníṣíà tan ìkọ̀wé Fòníṣíà kálẹ̀ kárí Òkun Mẹditaréníà.<ref name="Daniels 9296" /> Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gíríìkì ni àkọ́kọ́ nínú èyí tí àwọn fáwẹ́lì ti ní ìrísí-lẹ́tá aládàáwà tí ó yàtọ̀ sí ti àwọn kọ́ńsónáǹtì. Àwọn Gíríìkì yan àwọn lẹ́tá tó ń ṣojú ìró tí kò sí nínú Gíríìkì láti ṣojú fún fáwẹ́lì. Ìlànà-sílèbù [[Linear B]], tí àwọn [[Mycenaean Greeks|Gíríìkì Mycenae]] lò láti ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún&nbsp;BC, ní àmì mẹ́tàdínlọ́gọ́rùn-ún, pẹ̀lú fáwẹ́lì márùn-ún. Ní àwọn ọdún ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀, onírúurú ẹ̀yà áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gíríìkì ló wà, èyí tí ó fa kí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ jade láti inú rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ventris |first1=Micheal |title=Documents in Mycenaean Greek: Three Hundred Selected Tablets from Knossos, Pylos and Mycenae with Commentary and Vocabulary |last2=Chadwick |first2=John |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-107-50341-0 |edition=Repr. |page=60}}</ref> ==== Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Yúróòpù ==== [[File:Abecedarium_latinum_clasicum.svg|thumb|upright=1.1|alt=A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z|Abecedarium latinum clasicum, tàbí áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì, tí a ń lò láti kọ púpọ̀ nínú àwọn èdè Yúróòpù òde-òní, Áfíríkà, ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà, àti Òṣéáníà.|class=skin-invert-image]] Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gíríìkì, ní ìrísí ti [[Euboean alphabet|Euboea]], ni àwọn aṣíwájú Gíríìkì gbé kọjá lọ sí ilẹ̀-ayéagbáda Ítálì ní bíi ọdún 800-600&nbsp;BC tí ó sì bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ tí a ń lò láti kọ àwọn [[Italic languages|èdè Ítálì]], bíi [[Etruscan alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Etruscan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Etruscology |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-934078-49-5 |editor-last=Naso |editor-first=Alessandro |location=Boston}}</ref> Ọ̀kan nínú àwọn wọ̀nyí di áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì, èyí tí ó tàn kálẹ̀ jákèjádò Yúróòpù bí àwọn ará Róòmù ṣe ń sọ ilẹ̀ ọba wọn di fífẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn ìṣubú [[Western Roman Empire|Ìjọba Róòmù Ìwọ̀-oòrùn]], áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì náà wà láàyè nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀ àti ìsìn. Wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó fún àwọn [[Romance languages|èdè Romance]] tí ó ṣẹ̀wá láti inú Látìnì àti púpọ̀ nínú àwọn èdè mìíràn ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn àti àárín gbùngbùn Yúróòpù. Lóde òní, òun ni ìkọ̀wé tí wọ́n ń lò jùlọ káríayé.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jeffery |first1=L. H. |title=The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece: A Study of the Origin of the Greek Alphabet and Its Development from the Eighth to the Fifth Centuries B.C. |last2=Johnston |first2=A. W. |publisher=Clarendon |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-19-814061-0 |edition=Rev. |series=Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology}}</ref> Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Etruscan kò fẹ́ẹ̀ yípadà fún ọ̀gọ̀rọ̀rùn-ún ọdún púpọ̀. Ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ yípadà nígbà tí [[Etruscan language|èdè Etruscan]] fúnra rẹ̀ yípadà. Wọ́n yọ àwọn lẹ́tá tí wọ́n ń lò fún fònnímù tí kò wà mọ́ kúrò.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bonfante |first=Giuliano |author-link=Giuliano Bonfante |title=The Etruscan language: an introduction |publisher=Manchester University Press |author2=Larissa Bonfante |author2-link=Larissa Bonfante |year=2002 |isbn=0-7190-5539-3 |edition=2nd}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìyẹn, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì náà gba oríṣiríṣi àyípadà. Ìrísí àtayébáyé ìkẹyìn ti Etruscan ní lẹ́tá ogún nínú. Mẹ́rin nínú wọn jẹ́ fáwẹ́lì—{{gpm|a, e, i, u}}—ó dín ní lẹ́tá mẹ́fà sí àwọn ìrísí ti ìṣáájú. A lo ìkọ̀wé náà ní ìrísí àtayébáyé rẹ̀ títí di ọ̀rúndún kìíní&nbsp;AD. A kò lo èdè Etruscan fúnra rẹ̀ nígbà [[Roman Empire|Ìjọba Róòmù]], ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n lo ìkọ̀wé náà fún àwọn ìwé ìsìn.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Etruscan alphabet |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Etruscan-alphabet |access-date=2023-02-08}}</ref> Àwọn àmúbámu kan ti áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì ní àwọn [[ligature (typography)|lẹ́tá-àpapọ̀]], àkópọ̀ lẹ́tá méjì tó di ẹyọkan, bíi [[æ]] nínú [[Danish and Norwegian alphabet|Danish]] àti [[Icelandic alphabet|Icelandic]] àti {{gpm|[[Ou (letter)|Ȣ]]}} nínú [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]]; àwọn àyálò láti inú áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì mìíràn, bíi [[thorn (letter)|thorn]] {{gpm|þ}} nínú [[Old English language|Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Àtijọ́]] àti [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], èyí tí ó wá láti inú àwọn rune [[Runic alphabet|Futhark]];<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knight |first=Sirona |title=Runes |publisher=Sterling |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4027-6006-8 |location=New York}}</ref> àti àwọn lẹ́tá tó wà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí a túnṣe, bíi [[Eth (letter)|eth]] {{gpm|ð}} ti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Àtijọ́ àti Icelandic, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ''d'' tí a túnṣe. Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì mìíràn ń lo abala kékeré nínú áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì, bíi ti Hawaii àti Ítálì, èyí tí ń lo lẹ́tá ''j, k, x, y,'' àti ''w'' kìkì nínú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àjèjì.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Robustelli |first1=Cecilia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RszKAgAAQBAJ |title=A Reference Grammar of Modern Italian |last2=Maiden |first2=Martin |date=4 February 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-340-91339-0 |edition=2nd |series=Routledge Reference Grammars |publication-date=May 25, 2007}}</ref> Ìkọ̀wé gbajúmọ̀ mìíràn ni [[Elder Fuþark]], tí a lò láti nǹkan bí ọdún 100 CE èyí tí ó sọ̀kalẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn láti inú áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Fòníṣíà. Elder Fuþark, pa pọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Anglo-Frisian Fuþorc]] àti [[Younger Fuþark]] tí ó sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti inú rẹ̀, ni a sọ ní orúkọ lẹ́yìn [[runes|rune]] mẹ́fà àkọ́kọ́ tí wọ́n sábà máa ń wà nínú [[List of rune-row inscriptions|àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ tó ń tò àwọn rune yìí lẹ́sẹẹsẹ]]. Àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ tó wà láàyè sábà máa ń wà lórí òkúta tàbí irin, síbẹ̀ a máa ń rí àkọsílẹ̀ lórí ohun ọ̀gbìn níbi tí àyíká ti ṣe wẹ́kú fún ìtọ́jú rẹ̀, bíi [[Bryggen inscriptions|àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ Bryggen]]. Ní kẹ̀yìnbọ̀ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì rọ́pò àwọn ìkọ̀wé wọ̀nyí, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé wọ́n ṣì ń lò wọ́n ní àwọn àyè díẹ̀ lónìí, pẹ̀lú nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barnes |first1=Michael P. |title=Runes: a handbook |date=2022 |publisher=the Boydell press |location=Woodbridge Rochester, NY |isbn=9781783276974 |edition=paperback | url= https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tfwp1lI5seoC&hl=sv&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref> [[File:Old Hungarian alphabet of János Telegdi.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì [[Old Hungarian script|Ìkọ̀wé Họngárì Àtijọ́]].|class=skin-invert-image]] [[Old Hungarian script|Ìkọ̀wé Họngárì Àtijọ́]] jẹ́ ìlànà ìkọ̀wé ti àwọn ará Họngárì. A lò ó ní gbogbo ìtàn Họngárì, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé kìí ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà ìkọ̀wé onígbà-n-tó. Láti ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, ó tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí gbajúmọ̀ síi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maxwell |first=Alexander |year=2004 |title=Contemporary Hungarian Rune-Writing Ideological Linguistic Nationalism within a Homogenous Nation |journal=Anthropos |hdl=10063/674}}</ref> [[Glagolitic alphabet|Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Glagolitic]] ni ìkọ̀wé àkọ́kọ́ ti èdè ìsìn [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavonic Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Àtijọ́]] ó sì di, pẹ̀lú ìkọ̀wé uncial ti Gíríìkì, ìpìlẹ̀ fún [[Cyrillic script|ìkọ̀wé Sírílììkì]]. Sírílììkì wà lára àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì òde-òní tí a ń lò jùlọ ó sì ṣe pàtàkì fún lílò rẹ̀ nínú àwọn èdè Slavic àti pẹ̀lú fún àwọn èdè mìíràn nínú [[Soviet Union|Ìsọ̀kan Sófíẹ̀tì]] tẹ́lẹ̀. [[Cyrillic alphabets|Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Sírílììkì]] pẹ̀lú [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|Sérbíà]], [[Macedonian alphabet|Macedonia]], [[Bulgarian alphabet|Bùlgáríà]], [[Russian alphabet|Rọ́ṣíà]], [[Belarusian alphabet|Bẹ̀lárùsì]], àti [[Ukrainian alphabet|Ukraine]]. A gbàgbọ́ pé [[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Àwọn Ẹni Mímọ́ Cyril àti Methodius]] ló ṣẹ̀dá áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Glagolitic, nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀dá áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Sírílììkì nípasẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ lẹ́yìn wọn nínú [[Preslav Literary School|Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Lítíréṣọ̀ Preslav]] pẹ̀lú [[Naum of Preslav|Naum ti Preslav]], [[Constantine of Preslav|Constantine ti Preslav]], [[Chernorizets Hrabar]] láàárín àwọn mìíràn. Wọ́n gbé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ lẹ́tá tí ó jọ pé a yá tàbí nípa lórí láti ọ̀dọ̀ Gíríìkì àti Hébérù wọ̀.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Glagolitic alphabet |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Glagolitic-alphabet |access-date=2022-11-30}}</ref> ==== Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Éṣíà ==== {{Expand section|date=November 2025}} Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìkọ̀wé fònnímù ló wà ní Éṣíà. [[Arabic alphabet|Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Lárúbáwá]], [[Hebrew alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Hébérù]], [[Syriac alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Síríákì]], àti àwọn [[abjad|ábújádì]] mìíràn ti Àárín Ìlà-Oòrùn jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè ti [[Aramaic alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Árámáìkì]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aramaic Alphabet |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/483026807/Aramaic-Alphabet |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Scribd}}{{better source needed|date=September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Blau |first=Joshua |title=Phonology and morphology of Biblical Hebrew: an introduction |publisher=Eisenbrauns |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-57506-601-1 |location=Winona Lake, IN}}</ref> Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Íńdíà àti Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà ló sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti inú [[Brahmi script|ìkọ̀wé Brahmi]], tí a gbàgbọ́ pé ó sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti inú Árámáìkì.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Brāhmī |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi |access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Yúróòpù, pàápàá jùlọ Látìnì àti Sírílììkì, ti di mímúbámu fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ èdè Éṣíà. A tún ń lo Lárúbáwá púpọ̀, nígbà mìíràn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ábújádì, bíi ti [[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]] àti [[Persian alphabet|Páṣíà]], àti nígbà mìíràn gẹ́gẹ́ bí áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì kíkún, bíi ti [[Kurdish alphabet|Kurdish]] àti [[Uyghur alphabet|Uyghur]].<ref>Thackston, W. M. (2006), "—Sorani Kurdish— A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings", ''Harvard Faculty of Arts & Sciences'', Harvard University, retrieved 10 June 2021</ref>{{sfn|Zhou|2003|p={{page needed|date=November 2024}}}} ===== Hangul ===== Ní [[Korea]], Ọba [[Sejong the Great|Sejong Ńlá]] ṣẹ̀dá áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì [[Hangul]] ní ọdún 1443. Hangul jẹ́ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì àràọ̀tọ̀: ó jẹ́ [[featural alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì afàwòrán-ìpè-ṣàpẹẹrẹ]],{{disputed-inline|date=May 2026}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=DeFrancis |first=John |year=1989 |title=Visible Speech: The Diverse Oneness of Writing Systems |url=https://uhpress.hawaii.edu/title/visible-speech-the-diverse-oneness-of-writing-systems/ |author-link=John DeFrancis |publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi Press]] |isbn=0-8248-1207-7 |archive-date=October 8, 2025 |access-date=October 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251008063759/https://uhpress.hawaii.edu/title/visible-speech-the-diverse-oneness-of-writing-systems/ |url-status=live |pp=196–198}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book|last=Kim|first=Chin W.|author-link=Chin-Woo Kim|year=1997|editor-last=Kim-Renaud|editor-first=Young-Key|title=King Sejong the Great: The Light of Fifteenth Century Korea|chapter=The Structure of Phonological Units in Han'gŭl |pp=145, 148–150|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/King_Sejong_the_Great/6ilyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |publisher=International Circle of Korean Linguistics |isbn=978-1-882177-00-4 |language=en |archive-date=May 15, 2025 |access-date=October 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515030850/https://www.google.com/books/edition/King_Sejong_the_Great/6ilyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> níbi tí ìṣẹ̀dá púpọ̀ nínú àwọn lẹ́tá ti wá láti ibi ìpè-ìró nínú ẹnu, bíi P tí ó jọ ẹnu tí a là fẹ̀ àti L tí ó jọ ahọ́n tí a fà sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hitkari |first=Cherry |date=2021-10-06 |title=Alphabet's Epitome: The Invention of Hangul and its Contribution to the Korean Society |url=https://thekootneeti.in/2021/10/06/alphabets-epitome-the-invention-of-hangul-and-its-contribution-to-the-korean-society/ |access-date=2022-11-30}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2024}} Ìjọba ìgbà náà ló ṣètò dídá Hangul,<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hangul |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hangul-Korean-alphabet |access-date=2022-11-30}}</ref> ó sì ń gbé àwọn lẹ́tá ẹyọkọ̀ọ̀kan sínú àkójọ sílèbù pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba, gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Chinese characters|àwọn lẹ́tá Ṣáínà]]. Àyípadà yìí gba ìkọ̀wé àpapọ̀-lẹ́tá láyè, níbi tí sílèbù kan ti ń gba àyè ìtẹ̀wé kàn ṣoṣo láìka iye lẹ́tá tí a kójọ pọ̀ láti ṣe ìró ẹyọkan yẹn sí.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kolers |first1=Paul A. |title=Processing of visible language |last2=Wrolstad |first2=Merald Ernest |last3=Bouma |first3=Herman |publisher=Plenum |year=1980 |isbn=0-306-40576-8 |location=New York}}{{page needed|date=November 2024}}</ref> ===== Bopomofo ===== [[Bopomofo]], tí a tún ń pè ní ''zhuyin'', jẹ́ [[semi-syllabary|ìlàjì-sílèbù]] tí a ń lò jùlọ ní [[Taiwan]] láti kọ àwọn ìró ti [[Standard Chinese|Ṣáínà Onídiwọ̀n]]. Lẹ́yìn ìkéde Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ènìyàn Ṣáínà ní ọdún 1949 àti gbígbà tí wọ́n gba [[Hanyu Pinyin]] wọlé ní ọdún 1956, lílo bopomofo ní orí-ilẹ̀ fẹ́ kù. Bopomofo dàgbà láti inú ìrísí kíkọ-kúrú ti Ṣáínà tó dá lórí àwọn lẹ́tá Ṣáínà ní àwọn ọdún 1900s ó sì ní ẹ̀yà ti áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì àti ti ìlànà-sílèbù. Bíi áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì, àwọn fònnímù ti [[syllable onset|ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ sílèbù]] jẹ́ ṣíṣojú rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àmì aládàáwà, ṣùgbọ́n bíi ìlànà-sílèbù, àwọn fònnímù ti [[syllable rime|ìparí sílèbù]] kò rí bẹ́ẹ̀; gbogbo ìparí tó ṣeé ṣe—láìka [[syllable medial|a-fayọ̀-dapọ̀ àárín]] sí—ní lẹ́tá tirẹ̀, àpẹẹrẹ ni ''luan'' tí a kọ bíi {{Lang-zh|zhu=ㄌㄨㄢ}} (''l-u-an''). Àmì ìkẹyìn {{Lang-zh|zhu=ㄢ}} ló gba ipò gbogbo ìparí ''-an''. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé bopomofo kì í ṣe ìlànà ìkọ̀wé gbogbogbò, wọ́n máa ń sábà lò ó ní ọ̀nà tí ó jọ ìlànà [[romanization|sísọ-di-látìnì]], fún ṣíṣèrànwọ́ pípè-ọ̀rọ̀ àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà ìtẹ̀wọlé fún àwọn lẹ́tá Ṣáínà lórí kọ̀ǹpútà àti ẹ̀rọ ìbánisọ̀rọ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Definition of the Bopomofo Chinese Phonetic System |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/bopomofo-zhuyin-fuhao-2279518 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=ThoughtCo}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2024}} == Àwọn Oríṣi == {{Alphabet}} {{stack begin |float=left}} [[File:Venn diagram gr la ru.svg|left|thumb|Aworan [[Venn diagram|Venn]] tí ń ṣàfihàn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì [[Greek alphabet|Gíríìkì]] (òsì), [[Cyrillic script|Sírílììkì]] (ìsàlẹ̀) àti [[Latin alphabet|Látìnì]] (ọ̀tún), èyí tí ó ṣàjọpín púpọ̀ nínú àwọn [[letter (alphabet)|lẹ́tá]] kànnà, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé wọ́n ní ìpè-ọ̀rọ̀ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀.|class=skin-invert-image]] [[File:Ethiopic genesis.jpg|thumb|left|[[Geʽez script|Ìkọ̀wé Geʽez]] ti [[Ethiopia]] àti [[Eritrea]].|class=skin-invert-image]] {{stack end}} Ọ̀rọ̀ náà "áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì" ni àwọn [[linguistics|onímọ̀-èdè]] àti [[paleographer|onímọ̀-ìkọ̀wé-àtijọ́]] ń lò ní ọ̀nà gbòòrò àti híhá. Ní ìtumọ̀ gbòòrò rẹ̀, áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì jẹ́ ''ìkọ̀wé ẹlẹ́yọ-ò-nídìí'' (segmental script) ní ìpele [[phoneme|fònnímù]]—ìyẹn ni pé, ó ní ojú-àmì (glyphs) aládàáwà fún oníkálukú ìró kìí ṣe fún àwọn ẹ̀yà ńlá bíi sílèbù tàbí ọ̀rọ̀. Ní ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ tó há, àwọn onímọ̀ kan ya áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì "gidi" sọ́tọ̀ kúrò nínú oríṣi méjì mìíràn ti ìkọ̀wé ẹlẹ́yọ-ò-nídìí: [[abjad|ábújádì]] àti [[abugida|ábúgídà]]. Mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta yìí yàtọ̀ ní ọ̀nà tí wọ́n gbà ń ṣe pẹ̀lú fáwẹ́lì. Ábújádì ní lẹ́tá fún kọ́ńsónáǹtì ó sì máa ń fi púpọ̀ nínú fáwẹ́lì sílẹ̀ láì pè é jáde. Ábúgídà tún dá lórí kọ́ńsónáǹtì ṣùgbọ́n ó ń fi fáwẹ́lì hàn pẹ̀lú [[diacritic|àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀]], àyípadà àmì tòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ti àwọn kọ́ńsónáǹtì.<ref>For critics of the abjad-abugida-alphabet distinction, see {{harvnb|Lehmann|2012}}, esp p. 22–27</ref> Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì àkọ́kọ́ tí a mọ̀ tó lo ìtumọ̀ yìí ni [[Middle Bronze Age alphabets|ìkọ̀wé Wadi el-Hol]], tí a gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ ábújádì. Àrólé rẹ̀, [[Phoenician alphabet|Fòníṣíà]], ni ìyá àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì òde-òní, pẹ̀lú [[Arabic alphabet|Lárúbáwá]], [[Greek alphabet|Gíríìkì]], [[Latin alphabet|Látìnì]] (nípasẹ̀ [[Old Italic alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Ítálì Àtijọ́]]), [[Cyrillic|Sírílììkì]] (nípasẹ̀ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gíríìkì), àti [[Hebrew alphabet|Hébérù]] (nípasẹ̀ [[Aramaic alphabet|Árámáìkì]]).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Sinaitic inscriptions |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sinaitic-inscriptions |access-date=2022-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thamis |title=The Phoenician Alphabet & Language |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/17/the-phoenician-alphabet--language/ |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=World History Encyclopedia |date=18 January 2012 }}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ábújádì lóde òní ni [[Arabic script|Lárúbáwá]] àti [[Hebrew script|Hébérù]];<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |title=Studies in Aramaic inscriptions and onomastics |publisher=Leuven University Press |year=1975 |isbn=90-6186-019-9}}</ref> áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì gidi pẹ̀lú [[Latin script|Látìnì]], Sírílììkì, àti hangul Kòríà; àti ábúgídà, tí a fi ń kọ [[tigrinya language|Tigrinya]], [[Amharic language|Amharic]], [[Hindi]], àti [[Thai language|Thai]]. Ìkọ̀wé [[Canadian Aboriginal syllabics|sílèbù ti àwọn Ọmọ Ìbílẹ̀ Kánádà]] tún jẹ́ ábúgídà, dípò ìlànà-sílèbù, gẹ́gẹ́ bí orúkọ wọn ṣe fi lélẹ̀, nítorí pé ojú-àmì kọ̀ọ̀kan ń dúró fún kọ́ńsónáǹtì kan tí a sì ń túnṣe pẹ̀lú yíyí rẹ̀ padà láti ṣojú fún fáwẹ́lì tó tẹ̀lé e. Nínú ìlànà-sílèbù gidi, ojú-àmì aládàáwà ni ó ń ṣojú fún àkópọ̀ kọ́ńsónáǹtì-fáwẹ́lì kọ̀ọ̀kan.<ref>Bernard Comrie, 2005, "Writing Systems", in Haspelmath et al. eds, ''The World Atlas of Language Structures'' (p 568 ff). Also Robert Bringhurst, 2004, ''The solid form of language: an essay on writing and meaning''.</ref> Gbogbo oríṣi mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta ni a lè fi àwọn ojú-àmì sílèbù ṣe kún un. [[Ugaritic script|Ìkọ̀wé Ugárítì]], gẹ́gẹ́ bí àpẹẹrẹ, jẹ́ ábújádì ní gidi ṣùgbọ́n ó ní àwọn lẹ́tá sílèbù fún {{IPA|/ʔa, ʔi, ʔu/}}<ref>Florian Coulmas, 1991, ''The writing systems of the world''</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schniedewind |first=William M. |title=A primer on Ugaritic: language, culture, and literature |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Joel H. Hunt |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-511-34933-1 |location=New York}}</ref> Àwọn nìkan ni ìgbà tí a ń fi fáwẹ́lì hàn. [[Coptic alphabet|Coptic]] ní lẹ́tá fún {{IPA|/ti/}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=КОПТСКОЕ ПИСЬМО • Большая российская энциклопедия – электронная версия |url=https://bigenc.ru/linguistics/text/2095533 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=bigenc.ru |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021084238/https://bigenc.ru/linguistics/text/2095533 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2024}} [[Devanagari]] sábà máa ń jẹ́ ábúgídà ti a fi àwọn lẹ́tá aládàáwà kún un fún àwọn fáwẹ́lì ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé àwọn àṣà kan ń lo अ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[zero consonant|kọ́ńsónáǹtì òfo]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpìlẹ̀ àmì fún irú àwọn fáwẹ́lì bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name="Indo-Aryan">{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Dhanesh |title=The Indo-Aryan languages |last2=Cardona |first2=George |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-135-79711-9 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Practical Sanskrit Introductory by Charles Wikner |url=https://sanskritdocuments.org/learning_tutorial_wikner/index.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=sanskritdocuments.org}}</ref> Àwọn ààlà láàárín àwọn oríṣi mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta yìí kò sábà máa ń ṣe kedere. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Kurdish ti [[Sorani]] ni a ń kọ pẹ̀lú [[Arabic script|ìkọ̀wé Lárúbáwá]], èyí tí, nígbà tí a bá lò ó fún àwọn èdè mìíràn, ń jẹ́ ábújádì. Nínú [[Kurdish languages|àwọn èdè Kurdish]], kíkọ àwọn fáwẹ́lì jẹ́ dandan, a sì ń lo gbogbo lẹ́tá pé, nítorí náà ìkọ̀wé náà jẹ́ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì gidi. Àwọn èdè mìíràn lè lo ábújádì Sẹmítíìkì pẹ̀lú ìmúṣọ̀ranyan fáwẹ́lì àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀, èyí tí ó sọ wọ́n di ábúgídà gẹ́lẹ́. Ní ọwọ́ kejì ẹ̀wẹ̀, [[ʼPhags-pa script|ìkọ̀wé ʼPhags-pa]] ti [[Mongol Empire|Ìjọba Mòńgólíà]] dá lórí pẹ̀kípẹ́kí pẹ̀lú [[Tibetan script|ábúgídà Tibet]], ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àmì fáwẹ́lì ni a ń kọ lẹ́yìn kọ́ńsónáǹtì tí ó ṣáájú rẹ̀ dípò kí wọ́n jẹ́ àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀. Ẹyọ ''a'' kúkúrú ni a kò kọ nínú [[Geʽez script|ìkọ̀wé Geʽez]] tí a ń lò báyìí fún [[Amharic language|Amharic]] àti [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]], ní ìyàtọ̀ sí ábúgídà ti Íńdíà; orísun ọ̀rọ̀ náà "abugida" tí ó fa [[schwa|fáwẹ́lì ''a'' kúkúrú]] mọ́ra sínú àwọn àyípadà kọ́ńsónáǹtì rẹ̀ sọ ábúgídà náà di aláìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ mọ́, àti nípa ìtumọ̀, ìlànà-sílèbù kàkà kí ó jẹ́ ìkọ̀wé ẹlẹ́yọ-ò-nídìí. Èyí tó tún pọ̀ jù, ábújádì Pahlavi kẹ̀yìnbọ̀ wá di [[logogram|lógógíráfìkì]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nyberg |first=Henrik |title=A Manual of Pahlavi: Glossary |publisher=Harrassowitz |year=1964 |isbn=978-3-447-01580-6 |publication-date=December 31, 1974 |language=de}}</ref> Nípa bẹ́ẹ̀, [[categorisation|pípín-sọ́wọ́]] àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì lórí rẹ̀ ń ṣàfihàn bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe pẹ̀lú fáwẹ́lì. Fún àwọn [[tone (linguistics)|èdè olóhùn]], ẹ̀wẹ̀ pípín-sọ́wọ́ yòówù lè dá lórí ìṣe wọn pẹ̀lú ohùn. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé àwọn orúkọ kò tíì wà láti ṣàfihàn ìyàtọ̀ láàárín onírúurú oríṣi yìí. Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì kan kò kọbiara sí ohùn pátápátá, pàápàá jùlọ nígbà tí kò bá ru ẹrù-iṣẹ́ tó wúwo,<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1109/ICICICT1.2017.8342752 |chapter=Spectral feature based automatic tonal and non-tonal language classification |title=2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT) |date=2017 |last1=Alphonsa |first1=Alice Celin |last2=Bhanja |first2=Chuya China |last3=Laskar |first3=Azharuddin |last4=Laskar |first4=Rabul Hussain |pages=1271–1276 |isbn=978-1-5090-6106-8 }}</ref> bíi nínú [[Somali language|èdè Somali]] àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn èdè Áfíríkà àti ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Galaal |first1=Muuse Haaji Ismaaʻiil |title=Hikmaad Soomaali |last2=Andrzejewski |first2=Bogumił W. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1956 |oclc=63140 |isbn=<!-- published in 1956, no isbn -->}}</ref> Jùlọ, a ń fi ohùn hàn pẹ̀lú àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀, èyí tí ó jẹ́ bí a ṣe ń ṣe pẹ̀lú fáwẹ́lì nínú ábúgídà, èyí tó jẹ́ ipò tí [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]] (áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì gidi) àti [[Thai script|Thai]] (ábúgídà) wà. Nínú Thai, kọ́ńsónáǹtì ló ń pinnu ohùn jùlọ, pẹ̀lú àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀ fún àìlóòyì-ọ̀rọ̀. Nínú [[Pollard script|ìkọ̀wé Pollard]], ábúgídà kan, àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀ ló ń tọ́ka fáwẹ́lì. Wọ́n ń tún bí a ṣe ń gbé àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀ pẹ̀lú kọ́ńsónáǹtì ṣe láti tọ́ka sí ohùn.{{sfn|Zhou|2003|p={{page needed|date=November 2024}}}} Lọ́wọ́ọ́wọ́ rẹ̀, ìkọ̀wé kan lè ní àwọn lẹ́tá ọ̀tọ̀ fún ohùn, bí ó ṣe jẹ́ fún [[Hmong alphabet|Hmong]] àti [[Zhuang alphabet|Zhuang]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Marybeth |title=Deixis and Anaphora and Prelinguistic Universals |series=Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications |date=2000 |pages=46–61 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |jstor=20000140 }}</ref> Fún púpọ̀, yálà wọ́n ń lo lẹ́tá tàbí àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀, wọn kì í ṣàmì ohùn tí wọ́n ń lò jùlọ, gẹ́gẹ́ bí wọn kì í ṣe ṣàmì fáwẹ́lì tí wọ́n ń lò jùlọ nínú ábúgídà Íńdíà. Nínú [[Zhuyin]], kìí ṣe kìkì pé ohùn ọ̀kan wà láìsí àmì; ṣùgbọ́n àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀ kan wà láti tọ́ka àìsí ohùn rárá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[virama]] ti Íńdíà.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} == Títò gẹ́gẹ́ bí Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì == {{Main|Alphabetical order}} Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì sábà máa ń bára wọn dá pọ̀ mọ́ títò tó di ìwọ̀n fún àwọn lẹ́tá wọn; èyí jẹ́ fún [[collation|ìtòpọ̀]]—ní pàtó, fún títò àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àti àwọn nǹkan mìíràn ní "[[alphabetical order|títò gẹ́gẹ́ bí áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì]]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Street |first=Julie |date=2020-06-10 |title=From A to Z — the surprising history of alphabetical order -AU |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-11/history-of-alphabetical-order-a-to-z/12320808 |access-date=2023-02-08 |work=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-06-10 |title=Alphabetical order has been around for 800 years. But is it on the way out? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-11/history-of-alphabetical-order-a-to-z/12320808 |access-date=2025-05-19 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> === Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì === Títò ti [[Latin alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì]] ([[A]] [[B]] [[C]] [[D]] [[E]] [[F]] [[G]] [[H]] [[I]] [[J]] [[K]] [[L]] [[M]] [[N]] [[O]] [[P]] [[Q]] [[R]] [[S]] [[T]] [[U]] [[V]] [[W]] [[X]] [[Y]] [[Z]]), èyí tí ó ṣẹ̀wá láti inú títò "Abgad" ti Sẹmítíìkì Ìwọ̀-oòrùn-àríwá,<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004217003_003 |chapter=27–30–22–26 – How Many Letters Needs an Alphabet? The Case of Semitic |title=The Idea of Writing |date=2012 |last1=Lehmann |first1=Reinhard G. |pages=11–52 |isbn=978-90-04-21700-3 }}</ref> ti fìdí múlẹ̀ dáadáa tẹ́lẹ̀. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé, àwọn èdè tí ń lo áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì yìí ní onírúurú ìlànà fún bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn lẹ́tá tí a túnṣe (bíi ''é'', ''à'', àti ''ô'' ti Faransé) àti àwọn àkópọ̀ lẹ́tá kan ([[Multigraph (orthography)|mọ́tígíráàfù]]). Nínú èdè Faransé, a kò ka àwọn wọ̀nyí sí àfikún lẹ́tá fún ìtòpọ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n, nínú [[Icelandic language|èdè Icelandic]], a ka àwọn lẹ́tá tí ó ní àmì-ìró bíi ''á'', ''í'', àti ''ö'' sí lẹ́tá ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ tí ń ṣojú fún àwọn ìró fáwẹ́lì ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ kúrò nínú àwọn ìró tí àwọn lẹ́tá wọnnì tí kò ní àmì-ìró ń ṣojú. Nínú Sípáníìṣì, a ka ''ñ'' sí lẹ́tá aládàáwà, ṣùgbọ́n a kò ka àwọn fáwẹ́lì oní-àmì-ìró bíi ''á'' àti ''é'' sí. Ní ìṣáájú pẹ̀lú, a ka ''ll'' àti ''ch'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí lẹ́tá ẹyọkọ̀ọ̀kan wọ́n sì máa ń tò wọ́n sọ́tọ̀ lẹ́yìn ''l'' àti ''c'', ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún 1994, àpéjọ kẹwàá ti [[Association of Spanish Language Academies|Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Èdè Sípáníìṣì]] yí títò ìtòpọ̀ padà kí wọ́n lè máa to ''ll'' láàárín ''lk'' àti ''lm'' nínú ìwé-ìtumọ̀-ọ̀rọ̀ àti kí wọ́n máa to ''ch'' láàárín ''cg'' àti ''ci''; síbẹ̀ wọ́n ṣì ń pe àwọn dáígíráàfù yẹn ní lẹ́tá lábẹ́-òfin, ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún 2010 {{lang|es|[[Real Academia Española]]}} yí i padà, nítorí náà a kò tún kà wọ́n sí lẹ́tá mọ́ pátápátá.<ref>Real Academia Española. [https://www.rae.es/espanol-al-dia/exclusion-de-ch-y-ll-del-abecedario Exclusión de «ch» y «ll» del abecedario.]</ref><ref>"La 'i griega' se llamará 'ye'". Cuba Debate. 2010-11-05. Retrieved 12 December 2010. [http://www.cubadebate.cu/noticias/2010/11/05/la-i-griega-se-llamara-ye-y-la-ch-y-la-ll-desaparecen-por-decreto-de-la-academia-espanola Cubadebate.cu]</ref> Nínú Jámánì, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ''sch-'' (èyí tí ń yọ fònnímù Jámánì ti {{IPAslink|ʃ}}) ni a ń fi bọ láàárín àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ''sca-'' àti ''sci-'' (gbogbo rẹ̀ tí ó jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀-àyálò lọ́nà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀) dípò kí ó fara hàn lẹ́yìn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ''sz'', bíi pé ó jẹ́ lẹ́tá ẹyọkan, èyí tí ó ta kò ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ èdè bíi [[Albanian alphabet|Albania]], èyí tí ''dh-'', ''ë-'', ''gj-'', ''ll-'', ''rr-'', ''th-'', ''xh-,'' àti ''zh-,'' nínú rẹ̀ ń ṣojú fún àwọn fònnímù gbogbo tí a sì kà sí lẹ́tá ẹyọkọ̀ọ̀kan tó yàtọ̀, yóò máa tẹ̀lé àwọn lẹ́tá {{gpm|d, e, g, l, n, r, t, x, z}} lẹ́sẹẹsẹ, gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Họngárì àti Welsh. Ní àfikún, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ Jámánì pẹ̀lú [[umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]] máa ń jẹ́ kíkójọ nípa gbígbójúfò umlaut náà bí—ní ìlòdì sí [[Turkish alphabet|Tọ́kì]], èyí tí ó mú àwọn [[grapheme|gíráfíìmù]] ''ö'' àti ''ü'' wọlé, àti níbi tí ọ̀rọ̀ bíi ''tüfek'' yóò ti wá lẹ́yìn ''tuz'', nínú ìwé-ìtumọ̀-ọ̀rọ̀. Àyàṣì kan ni foonu dárẹ́tírì Jámánì, níbi tí a ti to umlaut bíi ''ä''=''ae'' níwọ̀n bí àwọn orúkọ bíi ''Jäger'' ṣe máa ń fara hàn pẹ̀lú ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ ''Jaeger'' tí a kò sì ya wọ́n sọ́tọ̀ nínú èdè sísọ.<ref>{{Cite book |title=DIN 5007-1:2005-08 Filing of Character Strings – Part 1: General Rules for Processing (ABC Rules) |publisher=[[Deutsches Institut für Normung|German Institute for Standardisation (Deutsches Institut für Normung)]] |year=2005 |language=de |doi=10.31030/9632328}}</ref> Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì [[Danish orthography|Danish]] àti [[Norwegian orthography|Norwegian]] parí pẹ̀lú {{gpm|æ, ø, å}},<ref>{{Cite book |last=WAGmob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W-pvAgAAQBAJ |title=Learn Danish (Alphabet and Numbers) |date=December 25, 2013 |publisher=WAGmob}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=WAGmob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Qx2AgAAQBAJ |title=Learn Norwegian (Alphabet and Numbers) |publisher=WAGmob |year=2014}}</ref> nígbà tí Swedish ti àṣà máa ń gbé {{gpm|å, ä, ö}} sí òpin. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, {{gpm|æ}} bá {{gpm|ä}} mu fònẹ́tíìkì, gẹ́gẹ́ bí {{gpm|ø}} ṣe bá {{gpm|ö}} mu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Holmes |first=Philip |title=Swedish: a comprehensive grammar |publisher=Routledge |others=Ian Hinchliffe |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-415-27883-6 |edition=2nd |location=London}}</ref> === Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ === A kò mọ̀ bóyá àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì àkọ́kọ́-àkọ́kọ́ ní títò-tẹ̀léra-wọn tó fi ẹsẹ̀ múlẹ̀. Àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì kan lónìí, bíi [[Hanuno'o script|ìkọ̀wé Hanuno'o]], ni wọ́n ń kọ́ lẹ́tá kọ̀ọ̀kan lẹ́ẹ̀kan ṣoṣo, láìsí ní títò pàtó kankan, tí a kò sì lò fún [[collation|ìtòpọ̀]] níbi tí wọ́n ti nílò títò tó fi ẹsẹ̀ múlẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Conklin |first=Harold C. |title=Fine description: ethnographic and linguistic essays |publisher=Yale University Southeast Asia Studies |others=Joel Corneal Kuipers, Ray McDermott |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-938692-85-0 |location=New Haven, CT |pages=320–342}}</ref> Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé, tábìlì [[Ugaritic alphabet|Ugárítì]] méjìlá nínú ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá&nbsp;BC ṣètọ́jú áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì náà ní títò méjì. Ọ̀kan, títò ''ABCDE'' tí a wá lò lẹ́yìn náà nínú Fòníṣíà, ti tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà kékeré nínú [[Hebrew alphabet|Hébérù]], [[Greek alphabet|Gíríìkì]], [[Armenian alphabet|Armenia]], [[Gothic alphabet|Gothic]], [[Cyrillic|Sírílììkì]], àti [[Latin alphabet|Látìnì]]; èkejì, ''HLĦM,'' ni a lò ní gúúsù Lárúbáwá tí wọ́n sì ṣètọ́jú rẹ̀ lónìí nínú [[Geʽez script|Geʽez]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Millard|1986|p=395}}</ref> Títò méjèèjì ti wà gbọingbọin fún ó kéré tán ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́ta ọdún.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ScriptSource – Ethiopic (Geʻez) |url=https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=Ethi |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=scriptsource.org}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2024}} Àwọn [[runes|rune]] [[Elder Fuþark]] ní [[List of rune-row inscriptions|títò-tẹ̀léra-wọn tí ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú "Fuþark" tí kò jẹmọ́ nǹkankan]], èyí tí a sọ di rírọrùn lẹ́yìn náà nínú [[Younger Fuþark]] tí a sì gbòòrò rẹ̀ nínú [[Anglo-Frisian Fuþorc]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elliott |first=Ralph Warren Victor |title=Runes, an introduction |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=1980 |isbn=0-7190-0787-9}}</ref> [[Arabic alphabet|Lárúbáwá]] sábà ń lo títò-tẹ̀léra-wọn tirẹ̀, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé Lárúbáwá tọ́jú [[abjadi order|títò ábújádì]] àṣà, èyí tí a ń lò fún àwọn nọ́mbà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Proposal for Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10105-n3799.pdf | publisher=Unicode Consortium | access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì [[Brahmic family|Bírámììkì]] tí a ń lò ní Íńdíà ń lo títò àràọ̀tọ̀ tí ó dá lórí [[phonology|fònọ́lọ́jì]]: àwọn lẹ́tá náà jẹ́ títò pẹ̀lú bí àti ibi tí wọ́n ti pèsè àwọn ìró náà nínú ẹnu. Ìtò-lẹ́sẹẹsẹ yìí wà káàkiri ní Ìlà-Oòrùn Gúúsù Éṣíà, Tibet, [[hangul]] ti Kòríà, àti àwọn [[kana]] ti Japan pẹ̀lú, èyí tí kìí ṣe áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì rárá.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frellesvig |first=Bjarke |title=A history of the Japanese language |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-511-93242-7 |pages=177–178}}</ref> == Àkírófónì == {{redirect-distinguish-text|Names of letters}}{{main|Acrophony}} Nínú Fòníṣíà, a so lẹ́tá kọ̀ọ̀kan mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀ kan tó ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìró yẹn. A ń pe èyí ní [[acrophony|àkírófónì]] a sì ṣì ń lò ó ní onírúurú ìpele nínú [[Samaritan alphabet|Samaritan]], [[Aramaic alphabet|Árámáìkì]], [[Syriac alphabet|Síríákì]], [[Hebrew alphabet|Hébérù]], [[Greek alphabet|Gíríìkì]], àti [[Arabic alphabet|Lárúbáwá]].{{sfn|Coulmas|1999|pp=1-2, 292, 294}} Wọ́n pa àkírófónì tì nínú [[Latin alphabet|Látìnì]]. Wọ́n ń tọ́ka sí àwọn lẹ́tá náà nípa fífi fáwẹ́lì kan—tó sábà máa ń jẹ́ {{gpm|e}}, nígbà míràn {{gpm|a}} tàbí {{gpm|u}}—ṣáájú tàbí lẹ́yìn kọ́ńsónáǹtì. Àyàṣì méjì ni [[Y]] àti [[Z]], tí wọ́n yá láti inú áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Gíríìkì kàkà kí ó jẹ́ ti Etruscan. A mọ̀ wọ́n sí ''Y Graeca'' "Y ti Gíríìkì" àti ''zeta'' (lati Gíríìkì)—ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ èdè Yúróòpù jogún ìyàtọ̀ yìí, bíi nínú ọ̀rọ̀ ''zed'' fún Z nínú gbogbo onírúurú ẹ̀yà Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, yàtọ̀ sí Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ti Amẹ́ríkà.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sampson |first=Geoffrey |title=Writing systems: a linguistic introduction |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-8047-1254-9}}</ref> Bí àkókò ti ń lọ, àwọn orúkọ yípadà tàbí kí wọ́n fi púpọ̀ kún un nígbà mìíràn, bíi nínú ''double U'' fún [[W]], tàbí "double V" nínú Faransé, orúkọ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì fún Y, àti ''zee'' ti Amẹ́ríkà fún Z. Ṣíṣe àfiwé wọn nínú Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Faransé fún wa ní ìrísí tó ṣe kedere fún [[Great Vowel Shift|Ìyípadà Fáwẹ́lì Ńlá]]: A, B, C, àti D ni a ń pè ní {{IPA|/eɪ, biː, siː, diː/}} nínú èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì lónìí, ṣùgbọ́n nínú èdè Faransé lónìí wọ́n jẹ́ {{IPA|/a, be, se, de/}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pedersen |first=Loren E. |title=A simple approach to French pronunciation: a comprehensive guide |publisher=Two Harbors |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-63505-259-6 |location=Minneapolis, MN}}</ref> Àwọn orúkọ Faransé (láti inú èyí tí a ti ṣẹ̀dá àwọn orúkọ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì) ń ṣe ìtọ́jú irúfẹ́ àwọn fáwẹ́lì Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ṣáájú Ìyípadà Fáwẹ́lì Ńlá. Ní òdì kejì, àwọn orúkọ F, L, M, N, àti S ({{IPA|/ɛf, ɛl, ɛm, ɛn, ɛs/}}) dúró bákan náà nínú èdè méjèèjì nítorí pé àwọn fáwẹ́lì "kúkúrú" kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ gba ipa láti ọwọ́ Ìyípadà náà.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Great Vowel Shift |url=https://chaucer.fas.harvard.edu/pages/great-vowel-shift |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=chaucer.fas.harvard.edu |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301063048/https://chaucer.fas.harvard.edu/pages/great-vowel-shift |url-status=dead }} Note how it says short vowels are similar between Middle and Modern English.</ref> Nínú Sírílììkì, ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, àkírófónì wà pẹ̀lú lílo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ Slavic. Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ ni azŭ, buky, vědě, pẹ̀lú títò rẹ̀ lẹ́yìnra-wọn bíi, А, Б, В. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé, a pa èyí tì lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìlànà tí ó jọ Látìnì.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lunt |first=Horace G. |title=Old Church Slavonic grammar |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |year=2001 |isbn=3-11-016284-9 |edition=7th |location=Berlin}}</ref> == Ìlànà Kíkọ-Ọ̀rọ̀-Sílẹ̀ àti Ìpè-Ọ̀rọ̀ == {{further|Phonemic orthography}} Nígbà tí a bá yan áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì kan tàbí mú un dàgbà láti ṣojú èdè kan, [[orthography|ìlànà kíkọ-ọ̀rọ̀-sílẹ̀]] yóò jẹ yọ ní gbogbogbò, tí ń pèsè àwọn òfin fún [[spelling|kíkọ]] ọ̀rọ̀, ní títẹ̀lé ìlànà tí a gbé àwọn áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì náà lé lórí. Àwọn òfin wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe ìmápù àwọn lẹ́tá áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì sí àwọn [[phoneme|fònnímù]] ti èdè sísọ náà.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Seidenberg |first=Mark |title=Beyond Orthographic Depth in Reading: Equitable Division of Labor |publisher=Advances in Psychology |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-444-89140-2 |editor-last=Frost |editor-first=Ram |editor-last2=Katz |editor-first2=Leonard}}</ref> Nínú [[phonemic orthography|ìlànà kíkọ fònnímù]] pípé, ìbáṣepọ̀ ọ̀kan-sí-ọ̀kan yóò wà déédéé láàárín àwọn lẹ́tá àti àwọn fònnímù tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ẹnìkan tí ń kọ̀wé yóò lè sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ kan tí wọ́n bá fún un ní ìpè rẹ̀, àti pé ẹnìkan tí ń sọ̀rọ̀ yóò mọ ìpè ọ̀rọ̀ kan nígbà gbogbo tí wọ́n bá fún un ní ìkọ rẹ̀, àti nítorí náà, ní òdì kejì. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé, ipele gíga yìí kò sábà máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú lílò gbogbo-ìgbà. Àwọn èdè lè súnmọ́ ọn, bíi ti Sípáníìṣì àti [[Finnish language|Finnish]]. Àwọn mìíràn, bíi Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, máa ń yà kúrò nínú rẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀n tí ó ga púpọ̀.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nordlund |first=Taru |year=2012 |title=Standardization of Finnish Orthography: From Reformists to National Awakeners |journal=Walter de Gruyter |pages=351–372 |doi=10.1515/9783110288179.351 |isbn=978-3-11-028817-9 |s2cid=156286003 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ìpè èdè kan máa ń kẹ̀yìnbọ̀ wá dàgbà lótọ̀ yàtọ̀ sí ìlànà ìkọ̀wé rẹ̀. Wọ́n ti yá àwọn ìlànà ìkọ̀wé fún àwọn èdè tí a kò ṣe ìlànà kíkọ-ọ̀rọ̀-sílẹ̀ fún láti lò ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀. Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn lẹ́tá áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì kan fi ṣe déédéé pẹ̀lú fònnímù èdè kan máa ń yàtọ̀.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Henry |year=1999 |title=Sociolinguistic factors in borrowed writing systems |url=https://twpl.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/twpl/article/view/6264 |journal=Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics |volume=17 }}</ref> Àwọn èdè lè kùnà láti de ìbáṣepọ̀ ọ̀kan-sí-ọ̀kan láàárín àwọn lẹ́tá àti ìró ní èyíkéyìí nínú àwọn ọ̀nà púpọ̀: * Èdè kan lè ṣojú fún fònnímù pàtó kan pẹ̀lú àkópọ̀ àwọn lẹ́tá dípò lẹ́tá ẹyọkan nìkan. Àkópọ̀ lẹ́tá méjì ni a ń pè ní [[digraph (orthography)|dáígíráàfù]], àti pé àkópọ̀ lẹ́tá mẹ́ta ni a ń pè ní [[trigraph (orthography)|tírígíráàfù]]. Jámánì ń lo àwọn [[tetragraph|tẹ́tíráàfù]] (lẹ́tá mẹ́rin) "tsch" fún fònnímù {{IPA|de|tʃ}} àti (nínú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-àyálò díẹ̀) "dsch" fún {{IPA|[dʒ]}}.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Reindl |first=Donald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWAeAQAAMAAJ |title=The Effects of Historical German-Slovene Language Contact on the Slovene Language |publisher=Indiana University, Department of Slavic Languages and Literature. |year=2005 |oclc=58733309 |page=90}}</ref> [[Kabardian language|Kabardian]] pẹ̀lú ń lo tẹ́tíráàfù fún ọ̀kan nínú àwọn fònnímù rẹ̀, pátápátá "кхъу."<ref>{{Cite book |title=Dictionaries, An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography |publisher=Walter De Gruyter |year=1991 |volume=3rd |isbn=978-3-11-012421-7 |oclc=749338660 |page=2419}}</ref> Lẹ́tá méjì tó ń ṣojú fún ìró ẹyọkan máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbà nínú Họngárì pẹ̀lú (níbi tí, fún àpẹẹrẹ, ''cs'' dúró fún [tʃ], ''sz'' fún [s], ''zs'' fún [ʒ], ''dzs'' fún [dʒ]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Berecz |first=Ágoston |title=Empty signs, historical imaginaries: the entangled nationalization of names and naming in a late Habsburg borderland |publisher=Berghahn |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-78920-635-7 |location=New York |page=211}}</ref> * Èdè kan lè ṣojú fún fònnímù kànnà pẹ̀lú lẹ́tá méjì tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ tí ó yàtọ̀ tàbí àkópọ̀ àwọn lẹ́tá. Àpẹẹrẹ ni [[modern Greek|Gíríìkì òde òní]] tí ó lè kọ fònnímù {{IPA|el|i}} ní ọ̀nà mẹ́fà ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀: {{gpm|ι}}, {{gpm|η}}, {{gpm|υ}}, {{gpm|ει}}, {{gpm|οι}}, àti {{gpm|υι}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=George L. |title=The Routledge Concise Compendium of the World's Languages |last2=King |first2=Gareth |publisher=Routledge |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-367-58125-1 |edition=2nd |page=253}}</ref> * Èdè kan lè kọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ kan pẹ̀lú àwọn lẹ́tá tí a kò pè èyí tí ó wà fún àwọn ìdí ìtàn tàbí àwọn ìdí mìíràn. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ Thai fún 'beer' {{lang|th|เบียร์}} mú lẹ́tá fún kọ́ńsónáǹtì ìkẹyìn /r/ tí ó wà nínú ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ó yá dání, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n pa á lẹ́nu mọ́.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Allyn |first1=Eric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGJkAAAAMAAJ |title=The Bua Luang What You See is what You Say Thai Phrase Handbook Contemporary Thai-language Phrases in Context, WYSIWYS Easier-to-read Transliteration System |last2=Chaiyana |first2=Samorn |publisher=Bua Luang |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-942777-04-8}}{{page needed|date=November 2024}} Note in the pronunciation guide next to "เบียร์" it has it being said as, "Bia"</ref> * Ìpè àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ẹyọkọ̀ọ̀kan lè yípadà gẹ́gẹ́ bí wíwà àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó yí wọn ká nínú gbolóhùn, fún àpẹẹrẹ, nínú [[sandhi]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Advances in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research: Proceedings of the 2022 6th international Seminar, on Education, Management, and Social Sciences |publisher=Atlantis |year=2022 |isbn=978-2494069305 |editor-last=Strielkowski |editor-last2=Birkök |editor-first2=Mehmet |editor-last3=Khan |editor-first3=Intakhab |page=644}}</ref> * Oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀ka-èdè ti èdè kan lè lo àwọn fònnímù ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ fún ọ̀rọ̀ kànnà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gasser |first=Micheal |date=April 10, 2021 |title=4.5: English Accents |url=https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Linguistics/Book%3A_How_Language_Works_(Gasser)/04%3A_Word_Forms_-_Processes/4.05%3A_English_Accents |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Social Sci LibreTexts}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2024}} * Èdè kan lè lo oríṣiríṣi àkójọ àwọn àmì tàbí àwọn òfin fún àwọn nǹkan nínú fókábù ọ̀tọ̀, pàápàá jùlọ fún àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àjèjì. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìlànà-sílèbù ti [[katakana]] ti Japan ni a ń lò fún àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àjèjì, àti pé àwọn òfin wà nínú Gẹ̀ẹ́sì fún lílo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-àyálò láti inú àwọn èdè mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Workbook/laboratory manual to accompany Yookoso!: an invitation to contemporary Japanese |publisher=McGraw-Hill |others=Sachiko Fuji, Yasuhiko Tohsaku |year=1994 |isbn=0-07-072293-5 |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Durkin |first=Philip |title=Borrowed words: a history of loanwords in English |publisher=Oxford Scholarship Online |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-166706-0}}</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè máa ń yàn láti yanjú ìṣòro àwọn ẹ̀ka-èdè nígbà mìíràn nípa sísopọ̀ áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì pẹ̀lú onídiwọ̀n orílẹ̀-èdè. Àwọn èdè orílẹ̀-èdè kan bíi [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Armenian language|Armenia]], [[Turkish language|Tọ́kì]], Rọ́ṣíà, [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] ([[Serbian language|Sérbíà]], [[Croatian language|Croatia]], àti [[Bosnian language|Bosnia]]), àti [[Bulgarian language|Bùlgáríà]] ní ìlànà kíkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó dánmọ́rán jùlọ pẹ̀lú ìbáṣepọ̀ ọ̀kan-sí-ọ̀kan tí ó fẹ́ẹ̀ pé láàárín àwọn lẹ́tá àti àwọn fònnímù.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=R. Malatesha |title=Handbook of Orthography and Literacy |publisher=Taylor & Francis |others=P. G. Aaron |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-136-78134-6 |location=Hoboken, NJ}}</ref> Lọ́nà kànnà, ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe Ítálì tí ó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú 'kọ-sílẹ̀ (jáde),' ''compitare'', jẹ́ èyí tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará Ítálì kò mọ̀ nítorí pé kíkọ ọ̀rọ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìrọ̀rùn, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ Ítálì ti jẹ́ fònnímù dáadáa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kambourakis |first=Kristie McCrary |title=Reassessing the role of the syllable in Italian phonology: an experimental study of consonant cluster syllabification, definite article allomorphy and segment duration |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-00-306197-7 |location=New York}}</ref> Nínú Sípáníìṣì onídiwọ̀n, ẹnìkan lè mọ ìpè-ọ̀rọ̀ kan láti inú ìkọ rẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n kìí ṣe ní òdì kejì, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn fònnímù ti lè jẹ́ ṣíṣojú ní àwọn ọ̀nà tí ó pọ̀ ju ọ̀kan lọ, ṣùgbọ́n lẹ́tá tí a fún ni a ń pè déédéé. Faransé lílo [[silent letter|lẹ́tá a-pa-mọ́ra]], [[nasal vowel|fáwẹ́lì a-gbà-mú-hó]], àti [[elision|ìyọkúrò]], lè dàbí ẹni pé ó kùnà láti ní ìbáṣepọ̀ púpọ̀ láàárín ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ àti ìpè rẹ̀. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé, àwọn òfin rẹ̀ lórí ìpè, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n díjú, jẹ́ dídánmọ́rán ati àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pẹ̀lú déédéé àṣeyọrí tó dára.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rochester |first=Myrna Bell |title=Easy French step-by-step: master high-frequency grammar for French proficiency |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-07-164221-7 |location=New York}}</ref> Ní ìyàtọ̀ gbáà ni àwọn èdè bíi Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, níbi tí wọ́n ti gbọ́dọ̀ há àwọn ìpè sórí nítorí pé wọn kì í bá ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ mu lẹ́sẹẹsẹ. Fún Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, èyí rí bẹ́ẹ̀ nítorí pé [[Great Vowel Shift|Ìyípadà Fáwẹ́lì Ńlá]] ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti fi ìlànà kíkọ-ọ̀rọ̀-sílẹ̀ múlẹ̀ àti nítorí pé Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀-àyálò wọlé ní onírúurú àkókò, pẹ̀lú ṣíṣètọ́jú ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ wọn ti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ní àwọn ìpele ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Denham |first1=Kristin E. |author-link=Kristin Denham |title=Linguistics for everyone: an introduction |last2=Lobeck |first2=Anne C. |author-link2=Anne Lobeck |publisher=Wadsworth |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4130-1589-8 |location=Boston}}</ref> Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé, kódà Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní àwọn òfin gbogbogbò, tí wọ́n díjú gidi, tí wọ́n ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìpè láti inú ìkọ. Àwọn òfin bíi èyí máa ń ṣàṣeyọrí. Ṣùgbọ́n, àwọn òfin láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìkọ láti inú ìpè ní ìwọ̀n ìkùnà tí ó ga jùlọ.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Linstead |first=Stephen |date=2014-12-11 |title=English spellings don't match the sounds they are supposed to represent. It's time to change |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2014/dec/11/mind-your-language-english-spelling |access-date=2022-12-13 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Nígbà mìíràn, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè máa ń jẹ́ kí èdè tí a kọ gba [[spelling reform|àtúnṣe ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀]] kọjá láti tún ọ̀nà ìkọ̀wé ṣe pẹ̀lú èdè sísọ ti ìgbà náà. Wọ́n lè yàtọ̀ láti orí àwọn àyípadà ìkọ-ọ̀rọ̀ tó rọrùn àti àwọn ìrísí ọ̀rọ̀ dé orí yíyí gbogbo ìlànà ìkọ̀wé padà. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Tọ́kì yípadà kúrò nínú áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Lárúbáwá sínú [[Turkish alphabet|áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Tọ́kì]] tí ó dá lórí Látìnì,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zürcher |first=Erik Jan |title=Turkey: a modern history |publisher=I. B. Tauris |year=2004 |isbn=1-4175-5697-8 |edition=3rd |location=London |pages=188–189}}</ref> àti [[Kazakh alphabets|Kazakh]] yípadà kúrò nínú ìkọ̀wé Lárúbáwá sí ìkọ̀wé Sírílììkì nítorí agbára [[Soviet Union|Ìsọ̀kan Sófíẹ̀tì]]. Kazakhstan wà nínú ìpele ìyípadà ìkọ̀wé ti ìjọba wọn sínú áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì lẹ́yìn ṣíṣe ẹ̀yà rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berdiqulov |first=Aziz |date=2024-09-21 |title=The Latinization of Kazakhstan: Language, Modernization and Geopolitics |url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/09/the-latinization-of-kazakhstan-language-modernization-and-geopolitics/ |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=The Diplomat |language=en-US}}</ref> Ìkọ̀wé Sírílììkì ti jẹ́ ti onígbà-n-tó rí ní Uzbekistan àti Turkmenistan kí wọ́n tó yípadà sí áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Látìnì. Uzbekistan ń ṣe àtúnṣe áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì láti lo àwọn àmì-ìsọ̀rọ̀ lórí àwọn lẹ́tá tí a ń ṣàmì rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú kọ́má-òkè (apostrophes) àti àwọn lẹ́tá tí ó jẹ́ dáígíráàfù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ÖZBEK ALIFBOSI |url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/uz/uzlat.html |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=www.evertype.com |language=uz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2021 |title=Uzbekistan Aims For Full Transition To Latin-Based Alphabet By 2023 |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-aims-for-full-transition-to-latin-based-alphabet-by-2023/31099723.html |access-date=2022-12-13 |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}{{better source needed|date=September 2024}}</ref> Ìlànà àwọn àmì onídiwọ̀n tí àwọn [[linguist|onímọ̀-èdè]] ń lò láti ṣojú àwọn ìró nínú èdè èyíkéyìí, láìgba ìyọ̀ǹda ìlànà kíkọ-ọ̀rọ̀-sílẹ̀, ni a ń pè ní [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Áífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Ìró-Ohùn Káríayé]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=International Phonetic Association |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-521-65236-7}}</ref> == Ẹ tún wo == * [[Abecedarium]] * [[Alphabet book]] * [[Alphabet effect]] * [[Fingerspelling]] * [[Pangram]] * [[Letter symbolism]] * [[Alifabeeti Oduduwa]] * [[Abidi Braille]] == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} === Ìwé àkàkún === {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Coulmas |first=Florian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOywmavmZ3UC |title=The Writing Systems of the World |publisher=Blackwell |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-631-18028-9}} * {{cite book |doi=10.1002/9781118932667 |title=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems |date=1999 |last1=Coulmas |first1=Florian |isbn=978-0-631-19446-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=Peter T. |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937 |title=The World's Writing Systems |last2=Bright |first2=William |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-507993-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Driver |first=Godfrey Rolles |author-link=Godfrey Rolles Driver |title=Semitic Writing (Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology S |title-link=Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-19-725917-7 |edition=3rd}} * {{Cite book |last=Haarmann |first=Harald |title=Geschichte der Schrift |publisher=C. H. Beck |year=2004 |isbn=978-3-406-47998-4 |edition=2nd |location=München |language=de |trans-title=History of Writing}} * {{cite book |doi=10.1515/9783110214307 |title=Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship |date=2009 |last1=Hock |first1=Hans Henrich |last2=Joseph |first2=Brian D. |isbn=978-3-11-021842-8 }} * {{Cite book |last=Hoffman |first=Joel M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=momIk7nVNdkC |title=In the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language |publisher=NYU Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8147-3654-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Logan |first=Robert K. |title=The Alphabet Effect: A Media Ecology Understanding of the Making of Western Civilization |publisher=Hampton |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-57273-523-1}} * {{Cite journal |last1=McLuhan |first1=Marshall |last2=Logan |first2=Robert K. |year=1977 |title=Alphabet, Mother of Invention |journal=ETC: A Review of General Semantics |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=373–383 |jstor=42575278}} * {{Cite journal |last=Millard |first=A. R. |year=1986 |title=The Infancy of the Alphabet |journal=World Archaeology |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=390–398 |doi=10.1080/00438243.1986.9979978 |jstor=124703}} * {{Cite book |last1=Marc-Alain |first1=Ouaknin |url=https://archive.org/details/mysteriesofalpha00ouak |title=Mysteries of the Alphabet: The Origins of Writing |last2=Josephine |first2=Bacon |publisher=Abbeville |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-7892-0521-6 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Barry B. |title=Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-521-58907-9}} * {{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Barry B. |title=Writing: Theory and History of the Technology of Civilization |publisher=Blackwell |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4051-6256-2 |location=Oxford |author-mask=3}} * {{Cite book |last=Sacks |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/letterperfect00davi |title=Letter Perfect: The Marvelous History of Our Alphabet from A to Z |publisher=Broadway |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7679-1173-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Saggs |first=H. W. F. |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300050318 |title=Civilization Before Greece and Rome |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-300-05031-8 |url-access=registration}} {{cite book |doi=10.1515/9783110924596 |title=Multilingualism in China |date=2003 |last1=Zhou |first1=Minglang |isbn=978-3-11-017896-8 }} {{Refend}} == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ìta == {{EB1911 poster|Alphabet}} {{Wiktionary|alphabet}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.uca.edu.ar/esp/sec-ffilosofia/esp/docs-institutos/s-cehao/boletin/damqatum3_eng2007.pdf "Language, Writing and Alphabet: An Interview with Christophe Rico"], ''Damqātum 3'' (2007) * Ti [[Michael Everson]] [http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/index.html Alphabets of Europe] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100429051634/http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=2&ArticleID=6 How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs]—Biblical Archaeology Review * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171001194931/https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?cid=E39B50D7D9EA3235&resid=E39B50D7D9EA3235!126&app=WordPdf An Early Hellenic Alphabet] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160128234751/http://www.jaars.org/museum/alphabet/index.htm Museum of the Alphabet] * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0054950 The Alphabet], ìjíròrò BBC Radio 4 pẹ̀lú Eleanor Robson, Alan Millard ati Rosalind Thomas (''In Our Time'', 18 December 2003) {{Writing systems|expanded=Alphabets}} {{List of writing systems}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Alphabets| ]] [[Category:Orthography]] h34oi31wdgj1xdoxvp5ifo6wjq2qn2f Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ 0 9957 632139 623833 2026-08-19T18:42:32Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ilẹ̀ Ọba àtijọ́ ní ibi tí a mọ̀ sí Nàìjíríà àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Benin lónìí}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Oṣù Agẹmọ, 2024}} {{Infobox former country | native_name = <small>{{Native name|yo|'''Orílẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́'''}}</small> | conventional_long_name = Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ | common_name = Oyo Empire | status = Ilẹ̀ Ọba | status_text = [[Empire]]{{cref|A}} | life_span = {{line-height|1.3em|{{nowrap|{{Circa|1570}} <ref name="Akinwumi" /> – {{Circa|1835}}}}}} <ref>{{cite book |last1=Law |first1=Robin |title=The Oyo Empire, c.1600–c.1836: a West African imperialism in the era of the Atlantic slave trade |date=1977 |publisher=United Kingdom: Clarendon Press |page=77}}</ref> | government_type = Ìjọba Ọba Aládé pẹ̀lú àbùdá [[Elective monarchy|yíyàn]]. | event_start =Sẹ̀dá Old Ọ̀yọ́ nípasẹ̀ Òrànmíyàn | date_start =c. 1300 | event_end =Ìparun Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé nípasẹ̀ Sọkòtò Khalifa àti Shehu Alimi ti Ìlú oba Ilọrin | date_end =1835 | religion = [[Yoruba religion|Ẹ̀sìn Ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá]], [[Islam|Ẹ̀sìn Mùsùlùmí]], [[Christianity|Ẹ̀sìn Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì]] | flag_p1 = | image_flag = | flag = | flag_type = | image_coat = | image_map = Oyo Empire at Its Greatest Extent, c. 1780 (5).jpg | image_map_caption = Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ láàrin ọ̀rúndún kẹვიtàdínlógún sí kejìdínlógún | capital = {{plainlist| * [[Igboho|Ọ̀yọ́-Igboho]] (c. 1535–1615) * [[Oyo-Ile|Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé]] (c. 1615–1835) }} | common_languages = [[Yoruba language|Èdè Yorùbá]] | currency = | leader2 = [[Adeyemi I Alowolodu]] | year_leader2 = 1876–1905 | leader1 = [[Ọranyan|Ọ̀rànmíyàn]] |year_leader1 = {{circa|Ọ̀rúndún kẹtàlá sí Ọ̀rúndún kẹrinlá}} | leader3 = [[Abimbola Owoade]] | year_leader3 = 2025–d'àkókò yìí | title_leader = [[Alaafin|Aláààfin]] ([[List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo|Àtòjọ]]) | legislature = [[Oyo Mesi|Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì]] àti [[Ogboni|Ògbóni]] | stat_year1 = 1680 | stat_area1 = 150000 | ref_area1 = <ref name="Thornton104"/> | today = [[Yorubaland|Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] <br />{{·}}[[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]]{{·}}[[Benin]] | p1 = Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ifẹ̀ | s1 = Orílẹ̀-èdè Ìbàdàn | s2 = Egba United Government | s3 = Ìlú Ọba Ìlọrin | footnotes = {{cnote|A|Ní báyìí ó ti di [[List of current non-sovereign African monarchs|ọba abẹ́lé]] lábẹ́ [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]]}} |year_end=1835}} [[File:WestAfrica1625.png|right|thumb|262px|Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ àti àwọn ìlú agbègbè rẹ̀, {{Circa|1625}}.]] {{royal house| | surname = Ìdílé Ọ̀rànmíyàn | type = [[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:African Bush Elephant.jpg|thumb|center|[[Erin]] (Àjànàkú), [[totem|àmì]] àwọn [[Alaafin|Aláààfin]] Ọ̀yọ́ ṣáájú ìgbà [[Abiodun (Oyo ruler)|Abíọ́dún]]]] [[File:VeveOgoun.svg|thumb|center|[[Veve]] ti [[Ogun|Ògún]], [[war god|Òrìṣà Ogun]] àti àmì àwọn Ọba tí ó tẹ̀lé [[Abiodun (Oyo ruler)|Abíọ́dún]]]] | parent house = [[Oba dynasty|Oòduà]] | founded = {{Circa|Ọ̀rúndún kვიtàdínlógún}} | region = [[Yorubaland|Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] | current head = [[Abimbola Owoade]] | titles = * [[Oba (ruler)|Ọba]] [[Alaafin|Aláààfin]] Ọ̀yọ́ <br> * Ọba Obìnrin Ọ̀yọ́ * Ìbà Bạṣọ̀run Ọ̀yọ́ * Ìbà Ààrẹ Ọ̀nà Kakanfò Ọ̀yọ́ * Ìbà Ọ̀yọ́ * [[Oloye|Olóyè]] Ọ̀yọ́ * [[Omoba|Ọmọọba]] Ọ̀yọ́ * [[Oloori|Olórì]] Ọ̀yọ́ | members = * [[Abiodun (Oyo ruler)|Abíọ́dún]] <br> * [[Oluyole|Olúyọ̀lé]] *[[Candido da Fonseca Galvao]] | styles = ''Kábíyèsí'' <br>[[Majesty]] <br> [[Imperial Highness]] | other_families = [[Ife#The King (The Ooni of Ife)|Ìdílé Ọba Ifẹ̀]] <br> [[Oba of Benin|Ìdílé Ọba Bini]] | cadet branches = * Alowolodu (Ọ̀yọ́) <br> * Agunloye (Ọ̀yọ́) * Olúyọ̀lé ([[Ibadan|Ìbàdàn]]) * Ona Aka (Ọ̀yọ́) * Àfọ̀njá ([[Ilorin|Ìlọrin]]) | traditions = [[Ifá]] <br> [[Christianity|Ẹ̀sìn Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì]] <br> [[Islam|Ẹ̀sìn Mùsùlùmí]] | motto = ''A kì í r'ọ́ba fín l'álède Ọ̀yọ́, ó yá ẹ jẹ́ á lọọ re Aláààfin'' }} '''Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́''' jẹ́ ilẹ̀ ọba [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] ní [[West Africa|Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà]]. Ó wà ní ibi tí a mọ̀ sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]] lónìí (pẹ̀lú ẹkùn [[South West (Nigeria)|Gúúsù Ìwọ̀-oòrùn]], Orílẹ̀-èdè Benin, àti ìdajì ìwọ̀-oòrùn ti ẹkùn [[North Central (Nigeria)|Àárín Gbùngbùn]]). Ilẹ̀ ọba yìí dàgbà di ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó ń sọ [[Yoruba language|èdè Yorùbá]] tí ó tóbi jùlọ nípasẹ̀ ìsapá ìṣètò àti ìṣàkóso ti àwọn ènìyàn Yorùbá, òwò, àti lílo [[cavalry|ẹlẹ́ṣin ogun]]. Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ nípa ìṣèlú ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà láti òpin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún<ref>Forde,1967, p. 36</ref>, kò sì gbayì lórí púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìjọba mìíràn ní [[Yorubaland|Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n lórí àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Áfíríkà tí ó súnmọ́ tòsí, ní pàtàkì [[Kingdom of Dahomey|Ìjọba Dahomey]] ti àwọn [[Fon people|Fon]] ní Orílẹ̀-èdè [[Benin]] lónìí ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn rẹ̀. == Ìtàn == {{Main|Timeline of Yoruba history}} === Ìtàn Ìwáṣẹ̀ === {{Yoruba people}} Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ìtàn àròsọ ti Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Ọranyan|Ọ̀rànmíyàn]], ọmọ ọba ìkẹyìn ti Ìjọba Yorùbá ní Ilé-Ifẹ̀ ([[Ife]]). Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn àtẹnudẹ́nu ṣe sọ, Ọ̀rànmíyàn ṣe àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀ láti ṣe ogun ìjẹgàba sórí àwọn aládùúgbò wọn ní àríwá fún títàbùkù bàbá wọn [[Oduduwa|Oòduà]], [[Ooni of Ife|Oòni Ifẹ̀]] àkọ́kọ́. Ní ojú ọ̀nà sí ibi ogun náà, àwọn arákùnrin náà jà, wọ́n sì pín ẹgbẹ́ ogun náà sí méjì.<ref name="Stride290">{{Cite news|url=https://litcaf.com/oranyan/|title=Oranyan|date=2016-01-12|work=Litcaf|access-date=2017-06-04}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ ogun Ọ̀rànmíyàn kéré jù láti ṣe ìkọlù tí ó yege, nítorí náà ó rìn kiri ní etíkun gúúsù ti [[Niger River|Odò Ọya]] títí ó fi dé Bussa. Níbẹ̀, olóyè agbègbè náà ṣe àlejò rẹ̀, ó sì fún un ní ejò ńlá kan tí a so oògùn idán mọ́ ọ̀fun rẹ̀. Olóyè náà sọ fún Ọ̀rànmíyàn pé kí ó tẹ̀lé ejò náà títí yóò fi dúró sí ibìkan fún ọjọ́ méje tí yóò sì wọ inú ilẹ̀ lọ. Ọ̀rànmíyàn tẹ̀lé ìmọ̀ràn náà, ó sì dá Ọ̀yọ́ sílẹ̀ níbi tí ejò náà dúró sí. Ibi yìí ni a mọ̀ sí [[Ajaka]]. Ọ̀rànmíyàn sọ Ọ̀yọ́ di ìjọba tuntun rẹ̀, ó sì di "ọba" àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú oyè "[[Alaafin of Oyo|Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́]]" (Aláààfin túmọ̀ sí 'oní ààfin' ní èdè Yorùbá). Ó fi gbogbo àwọn ìṣúra rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ ní Ifẹ̀, ó sì gba ọba mìíràn láàyè láti jọba níbẹ̀.<ref name="Stride291">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;291</ref> Ní ìgbà kan, [[Old Oyo|Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé]] wà ní ipò ogun pẹ̀lú àwọn Bariba ti Borgu, tí wọ́n fẹ́ láti tẹ ìlú tuntun tí a ń kọ́ náà lóríba. Òràngún Àjàgúnlà ti Ìlá, ẹ̀gbọ́n Ọ̀rànmíyàn, wọlé pẹ̀lú àwọn ọkùnrin rẹ̀ láti ṣèrànwọ́. Kò pẹ́ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun ogun náà, Ọ̀rànmíyàn bí ọmọkùnrin kan, Ajúwọn Àjàká, láti ọ̀dọ̀ Ọmọ Ọba Torosi ti Tápà ([[Nupe people|Nupe]]); lẹ́yìn náà ni Arabambi ([[Shango|Ṣàngó]]) pẹ̀lú jẹ́ bíbí láti ọ̀dọ̀ obìnrin kan náà. A gbàgbọ́ pé orúkọ náà "Ṣàngó" jẹ́ èyí tí bàbá ìyá rẹ̀ fún un tàbí pé ó yàn án láti inú orúkọ agbègbè fún Ọlọ́run Àrá. Èyí ó wù kí ó jẹ́, ìdílé ọba náà ya ara wọn sọ́tọ̀ fún Òrìṣà Àrá (Jàkúta) àti Ogun ([[Ogun|Ògún]]). === Ìgbà Ṣáájú Ilẹ̀ Ọba (Ọ̀rúndún kẹtàlá – 1535) === Ìdásílẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ jẹ́ èyí tí a kà sí ọdún 1300, ṣùgbọ́n èyí jẹ́ ìṣírò nípasẹ̀ títọpa àtòjọ àkókò sẹ́yìn. Ọ̀rànmíyàn, ọba àkọ́kọ́ ti Ọ̀yọ́, jẹ́ èyí tí Ọba Àjàká, Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ rọ́pò. A yọ Àjàká lóyè nítorí pé ó kùnà nínú àwọn ìwà akin ogun Yorùbá, ó sì gba àwọn ìjòyè rẹ̀ láàyè òmìnira jù.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://litcaf.com/ajaka/|title=Ajaka|date=2016-01-12|work=Litcaf|access-date=2017-06-04}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà ni a gbé adarí fún àbúrò Àjàká, [[Shango|Ṣàngó]], ẹni tí a sọ di òrìṣà àrá àti mànàmáná nígbà tó yá. A dá Àjàká padà sípò lẹ́yìn ikú Ṣàngó. Àjàká padà sórí oyè pẹ̀lú ẹ̀mí ogun jíjà tó lágbára sí i. Àrọ́lé rẹ̀, Kori, ṣàṣeyọrí láti ṣẹ́gun ìyókù ohun tí àwọn òpìtàn yóò tọ́ka sí nígbà tó yá gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Metropolitan area|àárín gbùngbùn]] Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride291"/> ==== Ìwọ́lú àwọn Tápà ==== Ọ̀yọ́ ti dàgbà di alágbára ní ilẹ̀ òkè ní òpin ọ̀rúndún kẹrinlá. Fún ohun tí ó lé ní ọgọ́run ọdún, ìpínlẹ̀ Yorùbá ti fẹ̀ síwájú nípasẹ̀ gbígba ilẹ̀ àwọn aládùúgbò rẹ̀. Nígbà ìjọba Onígbogí, Ọ̀yọ́ jìyà ìjatì ogun lọ́wọ́ àwọn Tápà (Nupe) tí Tsoede ń darí.<ref name="Stride292">Stride & Ifeka p.&nbsp;292</ref> Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1535, àwọn [[Nupe people|Tápà]] gba Ọ̀yọ́, wọ́n sì fipá mú ìdílé ọba láti wá ààbò ní ìjọba [[Borgu]].<ref name="Oliver89">Oliver & Atmore 2001, p.&nbsp;89.</ref> Àwọn Tápà ba olú-ìlú náà jẹ́, wọ́n sì pa Ọ̀yọ́ run gẹ́gẹ́ bí alágbára agbègbè títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kვიtàdínlógún.<ref name="Thornton77">Thornton 1999, p.&nbsp;77.</ref> === Ìgbà Ilẹ̀ Ọba (1608–1800) === Àwọn Yorùbá ti Ọ̀yọ́ la àkókò àìsí-ọba ti ọgọ́rin ọdún kọjá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdílé ọba tí ó wà ní ìgbèkùn lẹ́yìn ìjatì wọn lọ́wọ́ àwọn Tápà. Wọ́n tún Ọ̀yọ́ gbé kalẹ̀ láti jẹ́ èyí tí ó ní ìjọba àpapọ̀ àti ìfẹ̀síwájú ju ti tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ. Àwọn ènìyàn náà dá ìjọba kan sílẹ̀ tí ó fi agbára rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ lórí agbègbè tó fẹ̀.<ref name="Oliver89"/> Nígbà ọ̀rúndún kვიtàdínlógún, Ọ̀yọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò ìdàgbàsókè pípẹ́, ó sì di ilẹ̀ ọba ńlá.<ref name="Thornton77"/> Ìdàgbàsókè yìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn okunfa bíi ipò ilẹ̀ tí ó dára fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, ètò ìṣèlú tí a tún kọ́, ọgbọ́n iṣẹ́ ọnà ti àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀, nẹ́tíwọ́kì [[Trans-Saharan trade|òwò kọjá Sàhárà]], àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ tí ó ń gbà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ìjọba tí ó wà lábẹ́ ààbò rẹ̀.<ref name="Stride302"/> Ní ògo rẹ̀, àwọn ọmọ ọba àti àwọn ará ìlú láti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjọba máa ń wá sí Ọ̀yọ́ láti yan àwọn aawọ̀ láàrin àwọn ètò ìṣèlú. Ọ̀kan lára irú ètò bẹ́ẹ̀ ni [[Kingdom of Ardra|Great Ardra]], tí àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀ — ní ìgbà kan — wá ìrànlọ́wọ́ Ọ̀yọ́ nítorí ìwà ìkà tí Ọba Ardra ń hù sí àwọn ará ìlú.{{sfn|Bosman|1704|loc=[https://archive.org/details/newaccuratedescr00bosm/page/396/mode/2up p, 396]}} Ní ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn ọmọ ọba tí wọ́n ń sá láti ìjọba Wémè, tí Dahomey ṣẹ́gun, wá sí Ọ̀yọ́ fún ìtúnṣe. Ọ̀yọ́ dáhùn sí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí pẹ̀lú agbára àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin ogun rẹ̀ dé ibi pé ẹ̀rù bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ba àwọn ìjọba agbègbè fún Ọ̀yọ́.{{sfn|Snelgrave|1734|loc=[https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_a-new-account-of-some-pa_snelgrave-william_1734/page/120/mode/2up p, 120]}} Ìtànkálẹ̀ agbára Ọ̀yọ́ wá pẹ̀lú díẹ̀ lára àwọn ìjọba etíkun tí wọ́n ń kópa nínú òwò ẹrú ti Atlantic.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Acemoglu |first1=Daron |author-link1=Daron Acemoglu |last2=Robinson |first2 = James A. |author-link2=James A. Robinson |title=Why is Africa poor? |journal=Economic History of Developing Regions |date=2010 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=21–50 |doi=10.1080/20780389.2010.505010 |url=https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/publications/Why%20is%20Africa%20Poor.pdf}}</ref> Ọ̀yọ́ kò darí gbogbo àwọn ènìyàn Yorùbá rí, ṣùgbọ́n òun ni ìjọba tí ó ní ènìyàn púpọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìtàn Yorùbá.<ref name="Alpern37">Alpern 1998, p.&nbsp;37.</ref> ==== Àtún-ṣẹ́gun àti Ìfẹ̀síwájú ==== Kọ́kọ́rọ́ sí àtúntò Ọ̀yọ́ láti ọwọ́ àwọn Yorùbá ni ìmúnilókun ẹgbẹ́ ogun àti ìjọba tí a sọ di ti àpapọ̀. Nípa kíkọ́gbọ́n lára àwọn ọ̀tá wọn [[Nupe people|Tápà]] (Nupe), àwọn Yorùbá tún ara wọn ṣe pẹ̀lú aṣọ ogun àti ẹlẹ́ṣin.<ref name="Oliver89"/> [[Oba Ofinran|Ọba Òfinràn]], Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́, ṣàṣeyọrí láti gba ilẹ̀ àtètèkọ́ṣe Ọ̀yọ́ padà láti ọwọ́ àwọn Tápà.<ref name="Stride292"/> A kọ́ olú-ìlú tuntun, Ọ̀yọ́-Igboho, èyí àkọ́kọ́ sì wá di Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé.<ref name="Stride292" /> Ọba tí ó tẹ̀lé e, [[Eguguojo]], ṣẹ́gun feryẹ́ gbogbo Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá.<ref name="Stride292"/> Lẹ́yìn èyí, Ọba [[Orompoto]] darí àwọn ìkọlù láti pa àwọn Tápà run kí wọ́n má baà lè dẹ́rùba Ọ̀yọ́ mọ́ láéláé.<ref name="Stride292"/> Nígbà ìjọba Ọba [[Ajiboyede]], ó ṣe àjọyọ̀ Bẹrẹ àkọ́kọ́, èyí tí í ṣe ayẹyẹ láti ṣèrántí àlàáfíà ní ìjọba náà. Ayẹyẹ tí a ń ṣe déédéé yìí yóò wá ní ìtumọ̀ púpọ̀ láàrin àwọn Yorùbá lẹ́yìn ìwóulẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride292"/> Lábẹ́ àrọ́lé rẹ̀, [[Abipa]], àwọn Yorùbá tún Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé tẹ̀dó wọ́n sì tún olú-ìlú àkọ́kọ́ kọ́.<ref name="Stride292"/> Ọ̀yọ́ gbìyànjú láti gba [[Kingdom of Benin|Ìjọba Benin]] láàrin ọdún 1578 sí 1608, ṣùgbọ́n ó kùnà nítorí àwọn òkè ní Èkìtì dènà ìrìn àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin ogun láti kọlu Benin. Àwọn ìjọba díẹ̀ ní Èkìtì bọ́ sí abẹ́ Ọ̀yọ́, Òtun Èkìtì sì ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlú ààbò òmìnira láàrin Ọ̀yọ́ àti Benin<ref name="Stride292"/> síbẹ̀, Ọ̀yọ́ ń tẹ̀síwájú láti fẹ̀. Ọ̀yọ́ fún àwọn agbègbè gúúsù-ìwọ̀-oòrùn ti àárín gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ ní òmìnira, níbi tí àwọn agbègbè tí kì í ṣe Yorùbá ti lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààbò láàrin Ọ̀yọ́ àti Benin.<ref name="Stride296">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;296.</ref> Ní òpin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ewe people|Ewe]] àti [[Aja people|Aja]] ti Orílẹ̀-èdè Benin òde òní ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ fún Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride293">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;293.</ref> ===== Ogun Dahomey ===== Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọlu gúúsù ní kùtùkùtù ọdún 1682.<ref name="Thornton79">Thornton 1999, p. 79.</ref> Ní òpin ìfẹ̀síwájú ogun rẹ̀, ààlà Ọ̀yọ́ yóò fẹ̀ dé etíkun, ní nǹkan bí {{convert|100|km}} gúúsù-ìwọ̀-oòrùn olú-ìlú rẹ̀.<ref name="Smith122">Smith 1989, p. 122.</ref> Kò pàdé àtakò kankan tí ó lágbára títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún. Ní ọdún 1728, Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ kọlu [[Kingdom of Dahomey|Ìjọba Dahomey]] nínú ogun ńlá tí àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin rẹ̀ jẹ́ olórí.<ref name="Thornton79"/><ref name="Smith48">Smith 1989, p.&nbsp;48.</ref> Àwọn jagunjagun Dahomey, ní tiwọn, kò ní ẹlẹ́ṣin ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìbọn. Ìró ìbọn wọn dẹ́rùba àwọn ẹṣin ogun Ọ̀yọ́ ó sì dènà ìkọlù wọn.<ref name="Thornton82">Thornton 1999, p.&nbsp;82.</ref> Àwọn ọmọ ogun Dahomey tún kọ́ àwọn ibi ààbò bíi kòtò, èyí tí ó sọ lílo ẹlẹ́ṣin di asán.<ref name="Thornton86">Thornton 1999, p.&nbsp;86.</ref> Ogun náà gba ọjọ́ mẹrin, ṣùgbọ́n Ọ̀yọ́ ló padà ṣẹ́gun lẹ́yìn tí àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ dé.<ref name="Thornton86"/> A fipá mú Dahomey láti san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ fún Ọ̀yọ́. Ọ̀yọ́ kọlu Dahomey ní ìgbà mọ́kànlá kí ó tó di pé ó tẹ ìjọba náà lóríba ní ọdún 1748.<ref>Alpern 1998, p.&nbsp;165.</ref> ===== Àwọn Ìṣẹ́gun tí ó tẹ̀lé e ===== Pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin rẹ̀, Ọ̀yọ́ jagun káàkiri àwọn ibi jíjìn. Ẹgbẹ́ ogun Ọ̀yọ́ lágbára láti kọlu àwọn ibi ààbò, ṣùgbọ́n ó nira láti pèsè oúnjẹ fún ẹgbẹ́ ogun, wọ́n sì máa ń padà sẹ́yìn nígbà tí oúnjẹ bá tán.<ref name="Thornton97">Thornton 1999, p. 97.</ref> Ọ̀yọ́ kò lo ìbọn nínú àwọn ìṣẹ́gun ńlá rẹ̀. Ẹgbẹ́ ogun dúró títí di ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún kí wọ́n tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref name="Thornton97"/> Ní ọdún 1764, ẹgbẹ́ ogun àpapọ̀ [[Akyem]]-Dahomey-Ọ̀yọ́<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Institue%20of%20African%20Studies%20Research%20Review/1973v9n1/asrv009001004.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-07-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220084556/http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Institue%20of%20African%20Studies%20Research%20Review/1973v9n1/asrv009001004.pdf |archive-date=2007-02-20 }}</ref> [[Battle of Atakpamé|ṣẹ́gun]] ẹgbẹ́ ogun [[Military of the Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]] tí ó wá gbógunta.<ref name="Thornton79"/> Ìṣẹ́gun láàrin ẹgbẹ́ náà pinnu ààlà láàrin àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ aládùúgbò.<ref name="Thornton79"/> Ọ̀yọ́ ṣe ogun tí ó yege sí ilẹ̀ [[Mahi people|Mahi]] ní àríwá Dahomey ní òpin ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún.<ref name="Thornton79"/> Àwọn Yorùbá tún lo àwọn ọmọ ogun láti àwọn ilẹ̀ tí ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ fún wọn, fún àpẹẹrẹ, wọ́n ṣe ìdènà ojú omi ní Badagry ní ọdún 1784 pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ogun Ọ̀yọ́-Dahomey-Èkó.<ref>Thornton 1999, p.&nbsp;88.</ref> === Ògo àti Agbára === Ní ọdún 1680, Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ fẹ̀ ju 150,000 square kilometers lọ.<ref name="Thornton104">Thornton 1998, p.&nbsp;104.</ref> Ó dé òtéńté agbára rẹ̀ ní ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún.<ref name="Stride293"/> Láìka bí ó ṣe jẹ́ pé ìwà ipá ni a fi dá a sílẹ̀, ire ara ẹni lẹ́nìkọ̀ọ̀kan ló mú un dúró sọ̀kan.<ref name="Stride298"/> Ìjọba náà lágbára láti pèsè ìṣọ̀kan fún agbègbè ńlá nípasẹ̀ àpapọ̀ òmìnira agbègbè àti àṣẹ ilẹ̀ ọba.<ref name="Stride301"/> Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ilẹ̀ ọba savannah ńlá, èyí tí a kò lè pe Ọ̀yọ́ ní àrọ́lé wọn níwọ̀n bí ó ti jẹ́ àrọ́lé Ifẹ̀, agbára [[Islam|Ẹ̀sìn Mùsùlùmí]] kéré gan-an nínú ilẹ̀ ọba náà.<ref name="Oliver95"/> A mọ̀ pé ó kéré jù díẹ̀ nínú àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Mùsùlùmí ni a tọ́jú sí Àárín Gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́,<ref name="Smith20">Smith 1989, p.&nbsp;20.</ref> àti àwọn ọkùnrin tí wọ́n lè kọ̀wé àti tí wọ́n lè ṣe ìṣírò ní [[Arabic|Èdè Lárúbáwá]] ni àwọn oníṣòwò Faransé ròyìn ní ọdún 1787.<ref name="Smith20"/> Àwọn àwùjọ Mùsùlùmí wà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìlú jákèjádò ilẹ̀ ọba náà nígbà ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Solihu |first=Abdul Kabir Hussain |date=2015 |title=The Earliest Yoruba Translation of the Qur'an: Missionary Engagement with Islam in Yorubaland |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2015.0210 |journal=Journal of Qur'anic Studies |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=10–37 |doi=10.3366/jqs.2015.0210 |issn=1465-3591|url-access=subscription }}</ref> === Ìwóulẹ̀ === [[File:Palace of Alaafin of Oyo circa mid-1900s - Colorized.png|thumb|Àwòrán ààfin Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ tí a tún kọ́ ní nǹkan bí àárín àwọn ọdún 1900, ti a fi àwọ̀ sí.|262px]] Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ gbàgbọ́ pé ìwóulẹ̀ Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní kùtùkùtù ọdún 1754 pẹ̀lú rìkíṣí ìdílé ọba àti ifipá-gba-ìjọba tí [[Prime Minister|Bạṣọ̀run]] [[Gaha]] ṣe agbátẹrù rẹ̀. Nínú ìlépa rẹ̀ fún agbára gbede-gbeke, Gaha dìtẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì àti bóyá dé àyè kan pẹ̀lú Ògbóni láti fipá mú àwọn Aláààfin mẹ́rin tí wọ́n tẹ̀lé ara wọn láti ṣe ìṣígbá (ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ) lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbé ẹyin odẹ́rẹ́kókò tí ó dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì síwájú wọn. Láàrin **Oṣù Òkúdu sí Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà, 1754** nìkan, Aláààfin méjì ni a ti fipá mú láti ṣe ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ láti ọwọ́ Gaha.<ref>(PRO:T.70/1523)."Extract of letter of W. Devaynes, Governor of the English fort at Whydah, 22 Oct. 1754, quoted in letter of T. Melvil, Cape Coast Castle, 30 Nov. 1754". Public Records Office, London</ref> Nítorí èyí, Aláààfin Awọ́nbíojú lo ọjọ́ 130 lórí oyè, nígbà tí Aláààfin Lábísí lo ọjọ́ mẹ́tàdínlógún péré lórí oyè. Ìwà ọ̀dàlẹ̀ Gaha kò dópin títí di ọdún 1774 nígbà ìjọba Aláààfin Abíọ́dún, Aláààfin karùn-ún tí ó sìn. Lẹ́yìn náà ni Abíọ́dún pa Gaha ṣùgbọ́n àìdúró-déédé tí àwọn rìkíṣí wọ̀nyí ti fà ti sọ Ọ̀yọ́ di aláìlágbára síwájú sí i. Nígbà ìjọba rẹ̀, Aláààfin Abíọ́dún tún darí àwọn ogun tí kò yege sí Borgu ní ọdún 1783<ref>(PRO: T.70/1545). "Letter of Lionel Abson, Governor of the English fort at Whydah, 26 Sept. 1783" Public Records Office, London</ref> àti Nupe ní ọdún 1789,<ref>Dalzel, Archibald. "The History of Dahomy, An Inland Kingdom of Africa" London,1793, p. 229</ref> ó pàdánù iye tó dógba pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀gá ogun 11 àti 13 àti àwọn ọmọ ogun wọn lẹ́sẹẹsẹ. Lẹ́yìn náà ni ọmọ rẹ̀ [[Awole|Awólẹ̀]] pa Abíọ́dún, ẹni tí ó gorí oyè bàbá rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà.{{citation needed|date=Oṣù Òkúdu, 2025}} Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ó yọrí sí yíyapa Ìlọrin kúrò bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1793. Ìlọrin jẹ́ ibùdó ogun tí Ààrẹ Ọ̀nà Kakanfò [[Afonja|Àfọ̀njá]] ń darí. Àfọ̀njá kọ̀ jálẹ̀ sí [[Awole|Awólẹ̀]] nígbà tí èyí tí ó kẹ́yìn pàṣẹ fún un pé kí ó kọlu ilé ìyá Aláààfin Abíọ́dún, ìyẹn Ìwéré-Ilé. Àfọ̀njá, ẹni tí ó wà lábẹ́ ìbúra tí kò sì fẹ́ láti bọ́ sí abẹ́ ègún láti ọ̀dọ̀ Aláààfin tí ó kọjá pé èyíkéyìí Ààrẹ Ọ̀nà Kakanfò tí ó bá kọlu Ìwéré-Ilé (ilé bàbá rẹ̀) yóò kú ikú èébú, kọ̀ láti tẹ̀lé àṣẹ náà. Ìdí mìíràn tún wáyé ní ọdún 1795, nígbà tí Awólẹ̀ pàṣẹ fún Àfọ̀njá láti kọlu ìlú ọjà [[Apomu|Apòmù]], tí í ṣe apá kan Ilé-Ifẹ̀. Gbogbo àwọn Aláààfin, nítorí ìgbàgbọ́ Yorùbá pé Ifẹ̀ ni orísun tẹ̀mí ti àwọn Yorùbá, ti búra tẹ́lẹ̀ rí pé wọn kò ní kọlu Ifẹ̀ láéláé.<ref name=Akinjogbin>{{cite book|title=War and Peace in Yorubaland 1793-1893|first=Adeagbo|last=Akinjogbin|year=1998|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria)|isbn=9781294973}}</ref> Àfọ̀njá tẹ̀lé àṣẹ Awólẹ̀, ó sì pa Apòmù run, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tí ẹgbẹ́ ogun náà ń padà láti ojú ogun, ó rìn lọ sí olú-ìlú Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé (èyí tí fúnra rẹ̀ jẹ́ èèwọ̀), ó sì béèrè pé kí Awólẹ̀ kọ̀wé fi oyè sílẹ̀.<ref name=Bowdich>{{Cite book|title=Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee (1819)|first=Edward|last=Bowdich|year=1966|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0714617946}}</ref> Nígbà tó yá, Awólẹ̀ ṣe ìṣígbá.<ref name="Akinjogbin"/> Lẹ́yìn ikú Awólẹ̀, rògbòdìyàn wà fún oyè náà láti ọ̀dọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ olùdíje; a ròyìn pé àwọn mìíràn lo èyí tí kò tó oṣù mẹ́fà lórí oyè; àkókò àìsí-ọba ti ogún ọdún tún wà níbi tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ kò ti lè fohùn sọ̀kan lórí olùdíje kan.<ref name="Akinjogbin"/> Àlàfo agbára yìí yọrí sí ìlọsókè àwọn ọ̀gá ogun alágbára àti àwọn alákòóso agbègbè bíi Adégún, Oníkòyí àti Ṣólágbadé, Ọ̀tún Ààrẹ Ọ̀nà Kakanfò. Shehu Alimi, olóyè [[Fulani]] kan tí ó jẹ́ aṣíwájú àwọn olùgbé Mùsùlùmí tí ń pọ̀ sí i ní Ọ̀yọ́, náà dìde sí ipò agbára ní àkókò yìí. Àwọn nǹkan tuntun wọ̀nyí ti sọ ọ̀wọ̀ tí wọ́n ní fún ọ́fíìsì Aláààfin nù nítorí onírúurú rògbòdìyàn ìṣèlú àti àìsí àṣẹ àpapọ̀ ní àkókò náà; ipò yìí ló yọrí sí pé Àfọ̀njá yọ Ìlọrin kúrò ní Ọ̀yọ́ ní ọdún 1817 pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn Mùsùlùmí Ọ̀yọ́. Ní ọdún 1823, lẹ́yìn tí àwọn alábàáṣiṣẹ́pọ̀ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀, Shehu Alimi àti Ṣólágbadé (ẹni tí ọmọ Alimi pa nígbà tó yá), pa Àfọ̀njá, Ìlọrin di apá kan Sokoto Caliphate.<ref name=Clapperton>{{cite book|title =Journal of a second expedition into the interior of Africa: from the bight of Benin to Soccatoo|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofseconde00inclap|first=Hugh|last=Clapperton|year=1829}}</ref> Nígbà tí Captain [[Hugh Clapperton]] ṣèbẹ̀wò sí Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé ní ọdún 1825 nígbà ìjọba Aláààfin Májòótù, ilẹ̀ ọba náà ti wà ní ipò ìwóulẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ẹgbẹ́ Clapperton kọ ọ́ sílẹ̀ pé wọ́n kọjá ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ abúlé Ọ̀yọ́ tí àwọn Fulani ti Ìlọrin ti sun, nígbà tí Májòótù náà ti wá ìrànlọ́wọ́ ọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Ọba Benin láti dẹ́kun ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Ìlọrin. Clapperton tún ṣàkíyèsí àìtó àwọn ẹṣin, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Ọ̀yọ́ jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ fún agbára ẹlẹ́ṣin ńlá; èyí lè ní nǹkan ṣe pẹ̀lú òtítọ́ náà pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ ọba náà àti nítorí náà àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin wà ní Ìlọrin lábẹ́ àṣẹ Àfọ̀njá (àti lẹ́yìn náà àwọn àrọ́lé Alimi).<ref name="Clapperton"/> Lẹ́yìn náà Ìlọrin dótì Ọ̀fà, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọlu, sun, àti ji àwọn abúlé Ọ̀yọ́, èyí tí ó yọrí sí pípa olú-ìlú Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé run ní ọdún 1835.<ref name="Akinjogbin"/> ==== Pípàdánù Ọ̀nà Egbado ==== Bí Ọ̀yọ́ ṣe ń fa ara rẹ̀ ya pẹ̀lú rìkíṣí ìṣèlú, àwọn tí ó wà lábẹ́ rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lo àǹfààní ipò náà láti jà fún òmìnira. Àwọn Ẹ̀gbá, lábẹ́ ìdarí ológun kan tí a ń pè ní Líṣàbí, pa àwọn Ìlàrí tí a tọ́jú sí agbègbè wọn, wọ́n sì lé ẹgbẹ́ ogun Ọ̀yọ́ tí ó wá gbẹ̀san.<ref name="Stride296"/> ==== Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Dahomey ==== Ní ọdún 1823, a ròyìn pé Dahomey ti kọlu àwọn abúlé tí ó wà lábẹ́ ààbò Ọ̀yọ́. Lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ béèrè fún ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ ńlá lọ́wọ́ Ọba [[Gezo]] fún ìwọ́lú aláìlẹ́ṣẹ yìí, gẹ́gẹ́ bí èsì Gezo rán igbákejì rẹ̀ ará Brazil, Chacha [[Francisco Félix de Sousa]], sí Aláààfin ní Ọ̀yọ́ láti ṣe àlàáfíà. Àwọn ìjíròrò àlàáfíà náà wó lulẹ̀ nígbà tí ó yá, lẹ́yìn náà Ọ̀yọ́ kọlu Dahomey.<ref>."[[Royal Gold Coast Gazette and Commercial Intelligencer]]" Cape Coast, 1822-3</ref> Wọ́n ṣẹ́gun ẹgbẹ́ ogun Ọ̀yọ́ pátápátá, èyí tí ó fòpin sí ìjẹgàba Ọ̀yọ́ lórí Dahomey.<ref name="Alpern166">Alpern 1998, p.&nbsp;166.</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí ó gba òmìnira rẹ̀, Dahomey bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọlu àwọn aládùúgbò wọn lọ́dọọdún láti mú àwọn ẹrú òkèèrè láti tà fún àwọn oníṣòwò Europe àti America. Àwọn ènìyàn Yorùbá, tí wọ́n wà láàrin Ọ̀yọ́ àti Dahomey, ni wọ́n jẹ́ olùfarapa pàtàkì nínú àwọn ìkọlù ẹrú wọ̀nyí.<ref name="Smith122"/> ==== Àgọ́ d'Ọ́yọ́ ==== {{Main|Atiba Atobatele}} Lẹ́yìn ìparun Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé, a gbé olú-ìlú náà lọ sí gúúsù sí i, sí Àgọ́ d'Ọ́yọ́. [[Atiba Atobatele|Ọba Àtíbà]] wá ọ̀nà láti dáàbò bo ohun tí ó ṣẹ́kù nínú Ọ̀yọ́ nípa gbégbé ojúṣe dídáàbò bo olú-ìlú kúrò lọ́wọ́ Ìlọrin ní àríwá àti àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn lé Ìbàdàn lọ́wọ́.<ref name="Smith123">Smith 1989, p.&nbsp;123.</ref> Ó tún gbìyànjú láti jẹ́ kí [[Ijaye of Kurunmi|Ìjàyè]] dáàbò bo Ọ̀yọ́ láti ìwọ̀-oòrùn kúrò lọ́wọ́ àwọn Dahomey.<ref name="Smith123"/> Ibùdó agbára Yorùbá sún sí gúúsù sí i sí [[Ibadan|Ìbàdàn]], ibùdó ogun Yorùbá tí àwọn ọ̀gá ogun Ọ̀yọ́ tẹ̀dó sí ní ọdún 1830.<ref name="Smith48"/> ==== Òpin ==== Ọgbọ́n Àtíbà kùnà, Ọ̀yọ́ kò sì gba ipò iwájú rẹ̀ padà ní agbègbè náà. Ọba náà, tí a tún ń pè ní [[Atiba Atobatele]], kú ní ọdún 1859. Ọmọkùnrin àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, Adélù Àlàó Agúnloye, di Aláààfin lẹ́yìn rẹ̀, ó sì jọba láti 1859 sí 1876, lẹ́yìn rẹ̀ ni ọmọ rẹ̀ kẹrin Alowolodu Adéyẹmí kìíní, Aláààfin kẹta láti jọba ní Ọ̀yọ́ òde òní, ẹni tí ó tún kú ní ọdún 1905. Àwọn mìíràn tí wọ́n jọba lẹ́yìn Adéyẹmí kìíní ni Láwáni Agogo Ìjà, Ládìgbòlù kìíní, Adéyẹmí kejì, Gbádégesin, àti Lamidi Adéyẹmí, ẹni tí ó kú ní ọdún 2022. Ní àkókò amúnisìn, àwọn Yorùbá jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tí ó ní ìlú ńlá jùlọ ní Áfíríkà. Ní nǹkan bí 22% ti àwọn ènìyàn ń gbé ní àwọn agbègbè ńlá pẹ̀lú àwọn olùgbé tí ó ju 100,000 lọ, àti èyí tí ó ju 50% lọ ń gbé ní àwọn ìlú tí ó ní ènìyàn 25,000 tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Ìwọ̀n ìlú ńlá ní ọdún 1950 súnmọ́ ti Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà, láì ka Ìlọrin sí. Àwọn Yorùbá tẹ̀síwájú láti jẹ́ ẹ̀yà Áfíríkà tí ó ní ìlú ńlá jùlọ lónìí. Àwọn ìlú ńlá gbajúmọ̀ ti òde òní pẹ̀lú [[Oyo, Oyo State|Ọ̀yọ́]], [[Ibadan|Ìbàdàn]], [[Abeokuta|Abẹ́òkúta]], [[Osogbo|Òṣogbo]], [[Ogbomoso|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]], àti [[Ilaro|Ìlarò]], tí wọ́n jẹ́ díẹ̀ lára àwọn ìlú ńlá tí ó gbilẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ìwóulẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ àtijọ́.<ref name="Bascom">Bascom 1962, pp.&nbsp;699-709.</ref><ref name="C.M.S. Nigeria Bookshops">{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Samuel |title=The History of the Yorubas: From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate |date=1921 |publisher=C.M.S. (Nigeria) Bookshops |location=Lagos |pages=223–226}}</ref> Àwọn èyí tí ó kù nínú ọba aládé ṣì ń bá a lọ láti wà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára [[List of Nigerian traditional states|àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ìbílẹ̀]] ti Nàìjíríà òde òní. ==== Òwò Ẹrú ti Atlantic ==== Ní òpin ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún, Ọ̀yọ́ wá gbẹ́kẹ̀lé òwò ẹrú pẹ̀lú àwọn òyìnbó púpọ̀ jù, dé ibi pé nígbà tí a fòfin de òwò náà, Ọ̀yọ́ pàdánù owó-wíwọlé àti àṣẹ. Èyí fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìjọba tí ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀, bíi Dahomey, láàyè láti ṣọ̀tẹ̀ kí wọ́n sì gba òmìnira tiwọn, èyí tí ó jẹ́ àdánù fún Ọ̀yọ́. Ọ̀yọ́ tún di ẹni tí Ogun Ìsìn Fulani ti ọdún 1804 kọjú sí, èyí tí ó dá Sokoto Caliphate sílẹ̀ tí ó sì fa rògbòdìyàn lemọ́lemọ́ pẹ̀lú Ọ̀yọ́. Èyí mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ bọ́ sínú rúkèrúdò kí ó sì pàdánù agbègbè, agbára, àti ipa púpọ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde, àwọn ènìyàn Yorùbá di ẹni tí àwọn ìkọlù ẹrú láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ aládùúgbò, bíi [[Kingdom of Dahomey|Dahomey]] àti [[Sokoto Caliphate|Sokoto]], ń kọbura. Èyí fa kí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òǹdè Yorùbá wọ inú [[Atlantic slave trade|Òwò Ẹrú ti Atlantic]] ní ìdajì àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Herbert S |title=Slavery in Brazil |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Falola |first1=Toyin |title=Encyclopedia of the Yoruba |date=2016 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington |isbn=9780253021441 |pages=95–96}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ènìyàn Yorùbá tí a tà sínú Òwò Ẹrú ti Atlantic, lẹ́yìn ìwóulẹ̀ Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́, pẹ̀lú: [[Sarah Forbes Bonetta]] (Aina), [[Cudjoe Lewis]] (Oluale Kossola), Matilda McCrear (Abake), Redoshi, [[Seriki Williams Abass]] (Ifaremilekun Fagbemi), Remigio Herrera, [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], Osifekunde ti Ìjẹ̀bú, àti John Baptist Dasalu. Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ẹrú Yorùbá, láti Ọ̀yọ́, ni a mú lọ sí [[Brazilian Yorubas|Brazil]] (níbi tí a ti pè wọ́n ní Nàgó) àti Cuba (níbi tí a ti pè wọ́n ní Lukumí). A lè rí àwọn mìíràn ní gbogbo Latin America, pẹ̀lú díẹ̀ ní Trinidad, Saint Lucia, Jamaica, àti United States, láàrin àwọn ibòmíràn. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹrú Ọ̀yọ́ ni Ọ̀wọ́ Ogun Ojú Omi ti Ọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (Royal Navy) tún dá sílẹ̀ láti inú àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi ẹrú, gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan Ìdènà ti Áfíríkà, tí wọ́n sì dá wọn padà sí British Sierra Leone, níbi tí wọ́n ti dá àwùjọ Creole (Krio) sílẹ̀ lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ àwọn Áfíríkà mìíràn tí a dá sílẹ̀. Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ pẹ̀lú Samuel Johnson, pẹ̀lú bàbá rẹ̀ àti àwọn arákùnrin rẹ̀, àti ìbátan wọn Samuel Ajayi Crowther. == Ètò Ìṣèlú == Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ètò ìṣèlú tí ó díjú gidigidi láti ṣe ìjọba àwọn agbègbè rẹ̀. Àwọn onímọ̀ kò tíì pinnu iye nínú ètò yìí tí ó wà ṣáájú ìkọlù àwọn Tápà. Lẹ́yìn tí ó padà dé láti ìgbèkùn ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kვიtàdínlógún, Ọ̀yọ́ gbé ìwà ogun wọ̀ tí ó hàn gbangba. Ipa ti àṣà Yorùbá tí ó kún fún jagidijagan hàn nínú àwọn ìlànà tí a gbé lé ọba àti àwọn ojúṣe ìgbìmọ̀ rẹ̀. === Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ === {{Main|List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo}} [[File:Alaafin Oyo c. 1910 - Colorized.jpg|thumb|[[Alaafin|Aláààfin]] Ọ̀yọ́ {{Circa|1910}}, ti a fi àwọ̀ sí|262px]] Ọba ní Ọ̀yọ́, tí a mọ̀ sí [[Alaafin|Aláààfin]] Ọ̀yọ́ (Aláààfin túmọ̀ sí 'oní ààfin' ní èdè Yorùbá), ni olórí ilẹ̀ ọba àti olú-ọba gbogbo àwọn ènìyàn.<ref name="Stride298">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;298.</ref> Ó jẹ́ ojúṣe rẹ̀ láti pa àwọn tí ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ mọ́ kúrò lọ́wọ́ ìkọlù, yíyanjú aawọ̀ abẹ́lé láàrin àwọn ọba abẹ́lé, àti dídà sí ọ̀rọ̀ láàrin àwọn ọba abẹ́lé wọ̀nyí àti àwọn ènìyàn wọn.<ref name="Stride298"/> A tún retí kí Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ fún àwọn tí ó wà lábẹ́ rẹ̀ ní ọlá àti ẹ̀bùn.<ref name="Stride298"/> Ní pàṣípààrọ̀, gbogbo àwọn ọba abẹ́lé gbọ́dọ̀ júbà fún Ọba kí wọ́n sì tún ìbúra ìdúróṣinṣin wọn ṣe níbi àwọn ayẹyẹ ọlọ́dọọdún.<ref name="Stride297"/> Èyí tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ nínú àwọn wọ̀nyí ni Ayẹyẹ Bẹrẹ, tí ó ń sàmì sí ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ìjọba àṣeyọrí láti ọwọ́ Aláààfin.<ref name="Stride297"/> Lẹ́yìn Ayẹyẹ Bẹrẹ, àlàáfíà ní Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá gbọ́dọ̀ wà fún ọdún mẹ́ta.<ref name="Stride297"/> A kò lè yọ ọba lóyè ṣùgbọ́n a lè fipá mú un láti ṣe ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ bí wọn kò bá fẹ́ ẹ mọ́. A máa ń ṣe èyí nípa rírán Bạṣọ̀run (Olórí Ìjọba) láti gbé [[calabash|igbá]] òfo tàbí àwo tí ẹyin [[parrot|odẹ́rẹ́kókò]] wà nínú rẹ̀ síwájú rẹ̀ kí ó sì kéde ìkọ̀sílẹ̀, tí a mọ̀ sí ''Àwọn Ènìyàn Kọ̀ Ọ́'' (ìyẹn ni pé àwọn ènìyàn kọ̀ ọ́, ayé kọ̀ ọ́, àwọn òrìṣà náà sì kọ̀ ọ́). Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà, a retí kí Aláààfin ṣe [[ritual suicide|ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ]] lẹ́yìn náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laits.utexas.edu/africa/2004/database/fasanya.html|last=Fasanya|first=Akin|title=Untitled Document |date=2004|website=The University of Texas at Austin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914094301/http://www.laits.utexas.edu/africa/2004/database/fasanya.html|archive-date=2017-09-14|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Bạṣọ̀run ==== {{main|Bashorun}} Bạṣọ̀run jẹ́ ọ́fíìsì ìṣèlú pàtàkì ní Ọ̀yọ́ (tí a sábà máa ń fi wé ipa Olórí Ìjọba) láàrin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún sí kejìdínlógún, tí àwọn ìdílé Ibariba ń darí. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí àwọn olóyè méje tí kì í ṣe ọmọ ọba tí wọ́n ga jùlọ ní ipò nínú ìgbìmọ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì, Bạṣọ̀run kó ipa pàtàkì nínú gbígba ọba nímọ̀ràn àti sísojú fún àwọn ìfẹ́-ọkàn tí kì í ṣe ti ọmọ ọba. Agbára wọn pọ̀ gidigidi, pàápàá nínú yíyan ọba tuntun. Láti ọdún 1570 sí 1750, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn Bạṣọ̀run ló ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ Ibariba tàbí tí kì í ṣe Yorùbá bíi Bạṣọ̀run Mágájí, Wórúdà, Bírí, Yám̀bá, Jám̀bú, àti Gáhà. Awọn ojúṣe Bạṣọ̀run ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ogun, bí ó ṣe ń darí àwọn ogun fún ìpínlẹ̀. Ipò wọn tẹ̀lé ti Aláààfin.<ref name="Akinwumi" /> ==== Yíyàn Aláààfin ==== Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ kì í ṣe ìjọba ọba àjogúnbá pátápátá, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni kì í ṣe ti aláṣẹ-gbogbo-nìṣe.<ref name="Stride298"/> Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì ló máa ń yan Aláààfin. Kò pọn dandan kí ó jẹ́ ìbátan tímọ́tímọ́ pẹ̀lú ẹni tí ó rọ́pò, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó gbọ́dọ̀ wá láti ìran [[Oranmiyan|Ọ̀rànmíyàn]], ọmọ [[Oduduwa|Oòduà]], kí ó sì wá láti agbègbè Ọ̀nà Ìsokùn (èyí tí í ṣe ọ̀kan lára àwọn agbègbè ọba mẹ́ta).<ref name="Stride298"/> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́, àrọ́lé Aláààfin sábà máa ń rọ́pò bàbá rẹ̀ lórí oyè. Èyí nígbà mìíràn máa ń mú kí [[crown prince|àrọ́lé]], tí a mọ̀ sí Àrẹmọ, mú kí ikú bàbá rẹ̀ yá kánkán. Láti dènà ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí, ó wá di àṣà fún àrọ́lé láti ṣe ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ nígbà ikú bàbá rẹ̀. Láì wo ti ìrọ́pò, Àrẹmọ fúnra rẹ̀ jẹ́ alágbára. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, nípa àṣà, Aláààfin kì í jáde kúrò ní ààfin, àyàfi nígbà àwọn ayẹyẹ pàtàkì, èyí tí ó dín agbára rẹ̀ kù. Ní òdì kejì, Àrẹmọ sábà máa ń jáde kúrò ní ààfin. Èyí mú kí òpìtàn gbajúmọ̀ [[Samuel Johnson (Nigerian historian)|S. Johnson]] sọ pé: "Bàbá ni ọba ààfin, ọmọ sì ni ọba fún gbogbo ènìyàn".<ref>Church Missionary Society, G.31 A.2/1888-9, Letter of S. Johnson to the Rev. J.B. Wood, 8 November 1887, as cited by Law R., ''The Oyo Empire c. 1600-c. 1836'', p. 71 (1977)</ref> Àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ méjì tí wọ́n ń ṣàyẹ̀wò Aláààfin sábà máa ń yan Aláààfin tí kò lágbára lẹ́yìn ìjọba èyí tí ó lágbára láti mú kí ọ́fíìsì náà má di èyí tí ó lágbára jù.<ref name="Stride300">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;300.</ref> === Àwọn Ìlàrí === Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ máa ń yan àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ẹ̀sìn àti ìjọba kan, tí wọ́n sábà máa ń jẹ́ [[eunuch|bàòkú]].<ref name="Stride_299">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;299.</ref> Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni a mọ̀ sí ''Ìlàrí'' tàbí olórí-àbọ̀, nítorí àṣà tí wọ́n ní láti fá ìdajì orí wọn kí wọ́n sì fi ohun tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ oògùn sí i.<ref name="Smith12">Smith 1989, p.&nbsp;12.</ref> Àwọn ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún Ìlàrí ni a pín déédéé láàrin àwọn ọkùnrin àti obìnrin.<ref name="Smith12"/> Àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ kékeré ti Ìlàrí máa ń ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ pẹ́ẹ́pẹ̀ẹ̀pẹ́, nígbà tí àwọn àgbà máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀ṣọ́ tàbí nígbà mìíràn oníṣẹ́ sí ayé mìíràn nípasẹ̀ ẹbọ.<ref name="Smith12"/> Àwọn oyè wọn ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ọba, bíi ''ọba l'olú'' ("ọba ni olórí") tàbí ''{{Not a typo|madarikan}}'' ("má darí kàn án").<ref name="Smith12"/> Wọ́n máa ń gbé afẹ́fẹ́ pupa àti aláwọ̀ ewé bíi ẹ̀rí ipò wọn.<ref name="Smith12"/> Gbogbo àwọn kótù abẹ́lé ti Ọ̀yọ́ ní Ìlàrí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí amí àti agbowó-orí.<ref name="Stride297"/> Ọ̀yọ́ máa ń yan àwọn wọ̀nyí láti ṣèbẹ̀wò àti nígbà mìíràn láti gbé ní Dahomey àti Ọ̀nà Egbado láti gba owó-orí àti láti ṣe amí lórí àwọn àṣeyọrí ogun Dahomey kí Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ lè rí ìpín tiwọn.<ref name="Smith10">Smith 1989, p. 10.</ref> === Àwọn Ìgbìmọ̀ === Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ ni olú-ọba àwọn ènìyàn, kò sí láìsí àwọn tí ń ṣàyẹ̀wò agbára rẹ̀. [[Oyo Mesi|Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì]] àti Ẹgbẹ́ Awo Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá tí a mọ̀ sí [[Ogboni|Ògbóni]] máa ń ṣàyẹ̀wò agbára [[Oba (king)|Ọba]].<ref name="Stride_299"/> Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì ń sọ̀rọ̀ fún àwọn olóṣèlú nígbà tí Ògbóni ń sọ̀rọ̀ fún àwọn ènìyàn tí agbára ẹ̀sìn sì ń tì wọ́n lẹ́yìn.<ref name="Stride300"/> Agbára Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ lórí Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì àti Ògbóni dá lórí ìwà rẹ̀ àti ọgbọ́n ìṣèlú rẹ̀. ==== Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì ==== Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì ni àwọn olùgbaninímọ̀ràn méje pàtàkì ti ìpínlẹ̀ náà. Wọn jẹ́ Ìgbìmọ̀ Ẹlẹ́yinjú tí wọ́n sì ní agbára láti ṣe òfin. Lábẹ́ ìdarí Bạṣọ̀run, tí ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ìjọba, tí ó sì ni Àgbàakin, Sámù, Alápìní, Lágùná, Akínikú, àti Áṣípá, wọ́n ń sojú ohùn orílẹ̀-èdè náà, wọ́n sì ní ojúṣe pàtàkì láti dáàbò bo àwọn ire ilẹ̀ ọba. A béèrè lọ́wọ́ Aláààfin láti gba ìmọ̀ràn lọ́dọ̀ wọn nígbàkúgbà tí ọ̀ràn pàtàkì èyíkéyìí tí ó kan ìpínlẹ̀ bá ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref name="WAfrica">Afolayan, Funso. (2000) "Kingdoms of West Africa", ''Africa Vol. 1'' ed. by Tony Falola, p. 173.</ref> Olúkúlùkù olóyè ní ojúṣe ìpínlẹ̀ láti ṣe ní ààfin ní gbogbo àárọ̀ àti ọ̀sán. Olúkúlùkù tún ní igbákejì tí wọ́n lè rán sí Aláààfin bí wọ́n bá ní ìdíwọ́ tí kò ṣe é yẹ̀ sílẹ̀. Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì dàgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣàyẹ̀wò agbára Aláààfin, láti dènà Aláààfin láti di [[autocracy|akúni-n-lérè]]; wọ́n fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ Aláààfin láti ṣe ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ láàrin ọ̀rúndún kვიtàdínlógún àti kejìdínlógún.<ref name="WAfrica" /> Olórí ìgbìmọ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì, Bạṣọ̀run, máa ń wádìí lọ́wọ́ [[Ifa|Ifá]] ṣáájú ìrọ́pò ọba fún ìfọwọ́sí láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òrìṣà. Nítorí náà, a máa ń wo àwọn Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ tuntun gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí àwọn òrìṣà yàn. A kà wọ́n sí ''Èkejì Òrìṣà''. Bạṣọ̀run ló ní ọ̀rọ̀ àṣekágba lórí yíyan Aláààfin tuntun, agbára rẹ̀ sì ń bá ti ọba fúnra rẹ̀ díje. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Bạṣọ̀run ló ń ṣètò ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ayẹyẹ ẹ̀sìn; ó ṣe èyí ní àfikún sí jíjẹ́ ọ̀gágun pátápátá ti ẹgbẹ́ ogun, èyí tí ó fún un ní àṣẹ ẹ̀sìn tí ó dúró dáadáa. Pàtàkì nínú àwọn ojúṣe Bạṣọ̀run ni ayẹyẹ Ọ̀run tí ó ṣe pàtàkì gidigidi. Ìwádìí ẹ̀sìn yìí, tí a ń ṣe ní ọdọọdún, wà láti pinnu bí àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Mèsì ṣì ní ojúrere lọ́dọ̀ Aláààfin. Bí ìgbìmọ̀ náà bá pinnu láti kọ Aláààfin, Bạṣọ̀run yóò gbé igbá òfo, tàbí ẹyin odẹ́rẹ́kókò, síwájú Aláààfin gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì pé ó gbọ́dọ̀ ṣe ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ. Èyí nìkan ni ọ̀nà láti yọ Aláààfin nítorí pé a kò lè yọ ọ́ lóyè lábẹ́ òfin. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ti fún un ní igbá tàbí ẹyin odẹ́rẹ́kókò, Aláààfin, àrọ́lé rẹ̀ Àrẹmọ, àti olùgbaninímọ̀ràn ara ẹni rẹ̀ nínú Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì, Asámù,<ref name="WAfrica" /> gbogbo wọn gbọ́dọ̀ ṣe ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ láti tún ìjọba ṣe. Ayẹyẹ ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ náà máa ń wáyé nígbà ayẹyẹ Ọ̀run. ==== Àwọn Ògbóni ==== Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì náà kò ní agbára pátápátá. Nígbà tí Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì ní ipa ìṣèlú, Ògbóni dúró fún èrò àwọn ènìyàn tí àṣẹ ẹ̀sìn ń tì lẹ́yìn, nítorí náà Ògbóni lè ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn èrò Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì. Àyẹ̀wò àti àwọn ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wà lórí agbára Aláààfin àti Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì, nítorí náà kò sí ẹni tí a fún ní agbára pátápátá. Ògbóni jẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ awo alágbára tí ó kún fún àwọn òmìnira tí a mọ̀ fún ọjọ́-orí, ọgbọ́n, àti pàtàkì wọn nínú ọ̀ràn ẹ̀sìn àti ìṣèlú.<ref name="Stride_299"/> Àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ní agbára ńlá lórí àwọn mẹ̀kúnnù nítorí ipò ẹ̀sìn wọn. Ẹ̀rí sí bí ilé-iṣẹ́ náà ṣe gbilẹ̀ tó ni òtítọ́ náà pé àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ Ògbóni wà (tí wọ́n sì ṣì wà) ní feryẹ́ gbogbo àwọn kótù abẹ́lé láàrin Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá.<ref name="Stride_299"/> Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ojúṣe wọn nípa ìjọsìn ilẹ̀, wọ́n ní ojúṣe láti ṣe ìdájọ́ ẹjọ́ èyíkéyìí tí ó bá kan títàjẹ̀ sílẹ̀.<ref name="Stride_299"/> Olórí Ògbóni, Olúwo, ní ẹ̀tọ́ láti rí Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ ní tààràtà lórí ọ̀ràn èyíkéyìí.<ref name="Stride_299"/> == Agbègbè == Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn ènìyàn náà pọ̀ sí àárín gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́. Pẹ̀lú ìfẹ̀síwájú ilẹ̀ ọba, Ọ̀yọ́ tún ara rẹ̀ to láti ṣàkóso àwọn ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ ńlá dáadáa láàrin àti lóde Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá. A pín in sí àwọn ìpele mẹrin tí a túmọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìbáṣepọ̀ sí kókó ilẹ̀ ọba náà.<ref name="Oliver95">Oliver & Atmore 2001, p.&nbsp;95.</ref> Àwọn ìpele wọ̀nyí ni Àárín Gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́, Gúúsù Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, Ọ̀nà Egbado, àti Ajaland. === Àárín Gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ === Àárín Gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ bá ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ mu, díẹ̀ tàbí púpọ̀, ṣáájú ìkọlù Tápà.<ref name="Oliver95"/> Ibí yìí ni ibùdó ilẹ̀ ọba, níbi tí àwọn Yorùbá ti ń sọ ẹ̀yà èdè Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride296"/> A pín Àárín Gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ sí ẹkùn mẹ́fà, pẹ̀lú mẹ́ta ní apá ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Ogun River|Odò Ògùn]] àti mẹ́ta ní apá ìlà-oòrùn odò náà.<ref name="Stride296"/> Gómìnà kan tí Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ yàn tààràtà ló ń ṣe àbojútó ẹkùn kọ̀ọ̀kan.<ref name="Stride297">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;297.</ref> [[File:OyoIle plan bw.jpg|thumb|left|262px|Ìwádìí ti Agbo Ààfin Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé]] Ọkàn Àárín Gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ ni olú-ìlú rẹ̀ ní '''[[Old Oyo|Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé]]''' (tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''''Ọ̀yá Kàtúngá''''', '''''Ọ̀yọ́-Orò''''' tàbí '''''Ọ̀yọ́ Àtijọ́''''').<ref name="Goddard">Goddard 1971, pp.&nbsp;207–211.</ref> Àwọn ilé méjì tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ ní Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé ni 'Ààfin,' tàbí ibùgbé Ọba, àti ọjà rẹ̀. Ààfin náà wà ní àárín ìlú nítòsí ọjà Ọba tí a ń pè ní 'Ọjà-Ọba'. Yípo olú-ìlú náà ni ògiri erùpẹ̀ ńlá fún ààbò pẹ̀lú bodè 17. Pàtàkì àwọn ilé ńlá méjì náà (ààfin àti Ọjà Ọba) ṣàpẹẹrẹ pàtàkì ọba ní Ọ̀yọ́. === Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá === Ìpele kejì ti ilẹ̀ ọba náà ni àwọn ìlú tí ó súnmọ́ Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé jùlọ, tí a kà sí arákùnrin.<ref name="Oliver95"/> Agbègbè yìí wà ní gúúsù àárín gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́, àwọn olùgbé Yorùbá rẹ̀ sì ń sọ oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀yà èdè tí ó yàtọ̀ sí ti Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride296"/> Àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ tí ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ni àwọn ọba tiwọn ń darí, tí a fún ní oyè Ọba,<ref name="Stride297"/> tí Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ sì fọwọ́sí.<ref name="Stride297"/> === Ọ̀nà Egbado === Ìpele kẹta ti ilẹ̀ ọba náà ni Ọ̀nà Egbado ní gúúsù-ìwọ̀-oòrùn Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá. Agbègbè yìí ni àwọn [[Egba people|Ẹ̀gbá]] àti [[Egbado|Ẹ̀gbádò]] ń gbé, ó sì ṣe ìdánilójú òwò Ọ̀yọ́ pẹ̀lú etíkun. A gba àwọn Ẹ̀gbá àti Ẹ̀gbádò tí ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ láàyè, bíi àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn Yorùbá, láti darí ara wọn. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, Ajẹ́lẹ̀ ló ń ṣe àbojútó wọn.<ref name="Oliver95"/> Àwọn wọ̀nyí jẹ́ aṣojú tí Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ yàn láti ṣe àbojútó ire rẹ̀ àti láti ṣe amí òwò. Olórí aṣojú Ọ̀yọ́ ní ọ̀nà náà ni Olú, ọba ìlú Ìlarò.<ref name="Smith122"/> === Ajaland === Ajaland ni ìpele tí ó kẹ́yìn tí a fi kún ilẹ̀ ọba náà. Òun ni èyí tí ó ní rògbòdìyàn jùlọ tí ó sì jìnnà jùlọ, tí a sì fi sí ipò pẹ̀lú ìhalẹ̀ ogun sí i.<ref name="Oliver95"/> Agbègbè yìí fẹ̀ láti àwọn agbègbè tí kì í ṣe Yorùbá ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Ọ̀nà Egbado títí dé agbègbè tí Ewe ń darí ní [[Togo]] òde òní.<ref name="Stride296"/> Agbègbè yìí, bíi gbogbo àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ tí ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀, ni a fún ní òmìnira díẹ̀ níwọ̀n ìgbà tí wọ́n bá ti san owó-orí, tí wọ́n tẹ̀lé àwọn àṣẹ láti Ọ̀yọ́ dáadáa, àti tí wọ́n pèsè àyè sí àwọn ọjà agbègbè fún àwọn oníṣòwò Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride293"/> Ọ̀yọ́ sábà máa ń béèrè fún ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ ní irú ẹrú. Àwọn ọba tí ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ ti àwọn ìjọba mìíràn nígbà mìíràn máa ń bá àwọn mìíràn jagun láti mú ẹrú fún ète yìí.<ref name="Alpern34">Alpern 1998, p. 34:[https://books.google.com/books?id=8kU9DAAAQBAJ&q=Amazons+of+Black+Sparta+:+The+Women+Warriors+of+Dahomey+pdf Amazons of Black Sparta, 2nd Edition: The Women Warriors of Dahomey By Stanley B. Alpern]</ref> A mọ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ fún fífi ìparun pátápátá ti àwùjọ tí ó ṣẹ̀ jẹni níyà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti ṣe ní [[Allada]] ní ọdún 1698.<ref name="Stride293"/> == Ogun == Ìjáfafa gíga wà nínú ẹgbẹ́ ogun ti Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride301">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;301.</ref> Àṣeyọrí ogun rẹ̀ jẹ́ nítorí àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin rẹ̀, àwọn [[Archery|ta-fà-ta-fà]] rẹ̀ tí wọ́n gbajúmọ̀, àti ìdarí àti ìgboyà àwọn ọ̀gá ogun àti jagunjagun Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride301"/> Àwọn ènìyàn Ọ̀yọ́ ní òkìkí fún jíjẹ́ "ta-fà-ta-fà tí ó dára jùlọ ní Áfíríkà", gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Hugh Clapperton]] ṣe sọ.{{sfn|Lander|1830|p=222}} Bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti kékeré, àwọn ọmọkùnrin yóò máa ṣe ìdánrawò, wọn yóò sì tètè di ògbógi pẹ̀lú ọrun. Àwọn ìmúgbòòrò ọgbọ́n ni a fi sínú àṣà gẹ́gẹ́ bí eré níbi tí àwọn ènìyàn yóò ti gba iṣẹ́ láti ta ọfà sínú ihò kékeré láti ibi tí ó ju ogọ́rùn-ún yàrá lọ. Iṣẹ́ ribiribi tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ṣe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.{{sfn|Lander|1830|p=222}} Agbára eléwu yìí wà ní lílò láti ọwọ́ àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin Ọ̀yọ́ àti àwọn ọmọ ogun lẹ́sẹ̀. Ìfojúsùn agbègbè ní àríwá igbó mú kí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ rọrùn fún Ọ̀yọ́, àti nítorí náà ìdàgbàsókè déédéé nínú iye ènìyàn.<ref name="Stride301"/> Èyí ṣe àfikún sí agbára Ọ̀yọ́ láti pèsè ẹgbẹ́ ogun ńlá nígbà gbogbo. Àṣà ogun tí ó fìdí múlẹ̀ tún wà ní Ọ̀yọ́ níbi tí ìṣẹ́gun ti jẹ́ dandan tí ìjatì sì gbe ojúṣe ti ṣíṣe ìfara-ẹni-rúbọ dání.<ref name="Stride300"/> Ìlànà kú-tàbí-yè yìí láìsí àní-àní ṣe àfikún sí ìwà ogun tí ó lágbára ti àwọn ọ̀gágun Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name="Stride300"/> === Ẹlẹ́ṣin Ogun === Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Yorùbá díẹ̀ tí ó lo [[cavalry|ẹlẹ́ṣin ogun]]; ó ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ nítorí pé púpọ̀ nínú agbègbè rẹ̀ wà ní [[savannah|pápá]] àríwá.<ref name="Smith48"/> Orísun àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin náà kò ṣe kedere; bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, àwọn [[Nupe people|Tápà]], [[Borgu]] àti [[Hausa people|Hausa]] ní àwọn agbègbè aládùúgbò náà lo ẹlẹ́ṣin, wọ́n sì lè ní orísun ìtàn kan náà.<ref name="Law">Law 1975, pp.&nbsp;1–15.</ref> Ọ̀yọ́ lágbára láti ra ẹṣin láti àríwá kí ó sì tọ́jú wọn ní àárín gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ nítorí òmìnira díẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ [[tsetse fly|òkòtó]].<ref name="Stride302">Stride & Ifeka 1971, p.&nbsp;302.</ref> Ẹlẹ́ṣin ogun ni apá gígùn ti Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́. Àwọn ogun ti òpin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún àti kვიtàdínlógún jẹ́ ti ẹlẹ́ṣin pátápátá.<ref name="Smith48"/> Àwọn àléébù wà fún èyí. Ọ̀yọ́ kò lè tọ́jú ẹgbẹ́ ogun ẹlẹ́ṣin rẹ̀ ní gúúsù ṣùgbọ́n ó lè ṣe ìkọlù bí ó ṣe fẹ́.<ref name="Thornton79"/><ref>''[[Why Nations Fail]]: The origins of power, prosperity and poverty.'' p. 254. Acemoglu, Daron; Robinson, James A. 2012. {{ISBN|9780307719218}}</ref> Láìka àwọn àléébù rẹ̀ sí, Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ kó ẹgbẹ́ ogun ẹlẹ́ṣin jọ tí ó ju ọ̀kẹ́ márùn-ún (100,000) ẹlẹ́ṣin lọ, pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ tí ó tóbi tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí a ròyìn pé wọ́n kó jọ pàápàá fún àwọn ogun sí Ìjọba Dahomey. Agbára ogun ńlá yìí ṣe àfikún pàtàkì sí ìjẹgàba Ọ̀yọ́ àti ìtẹ́wọ́gbà agbára rẹ̀ jákèjádò Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Forbes |first=Frederick |date=1851 |title=DAHOMEY AND THE DAHOMANS: BEING THE JOURNALS OF TWO MISSIONS TO THE KING OF DAHOMEY, AND RESIDENCE AT HIS CAPITAL, IN THE YEARS 1849 AND 1850 |journal=Dahomey and the Dahomans: Being the Journals of Two Missions to the King of Dahomey, and Residence at His Capital, in the Years 1849 and 1850 |volume=5 |pages=87}}</ref> A pín ẹlẹ́ṣin ogun ní àwọn àwùjọ tí ó dagbà gidigidi bíi Ọ̀yọ́ sí fúyẹ́ àti wúwo.<ref name="Smith48"/> Ẹlẹ́ṣin tó wúwo lórí àwọn ẹṣin ńlá tí a kówọlé ti mú [[Bow and arrow|ọrun àti ọfà]] dání.<ref name="Smith48"/> Ẹlẹ́ṣin tó fúyẹ́ lórí àwọn ẹṣin kéékèèké ti ìbílẹ̀ ti mú kùmọ̀ dání.<ref name="Smith50">Smith 1989, p.&nbsp;50.</ref> [[Chain mail|Ẹ̀wù irin]] ni a kówọlé sí Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá láti àríwá, ó sì lè jẹ́ pé àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin Ọ̀yọ́ wọ̀ ọ́.<ref name="Law">Law 1975, pp.&nbsp;1–15.</ref> === Ọmọ Ogun Lẹ́sẹ̀ === Àwọn ọmọ ogun lẹ́sẹ̀ ní agbègbè tí ó yí Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ ká jọra nínú aṣọ ogun àti ohun ìjà. Gbogbo àwọn ọmọ ogun lẹ́sẹ̀ ní agbègbè náà ń gbé apata, idà àti ọ̀kọ̀ ti irú kan tàbí òmíràn.<ref name="Thornton79"/> Àwọn apata ga ní ẹsẹ̀ bàtà mẹrin, wọ́n sì fẹ̀ ní ẹsẹ̀ bàtà méjì, wọ́n sì ṣe é pẹ̀lú awọ erin tàbí màlúù.<ref name="Thornton80">Thornton 1999, p.&nbsp;80.</ref> Idà dídì tí ó gùn ní {{convert|3|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} jẹ́ ohun ìjà pàtàkì fún ogun agbègbè.<ref name="Thornton80"/> Àwọn Yorùbá àti àwọn aládùúgbò wọn lo ọ̀kọ̀ olórí mẹ́ta tí wọ́n lè sọ dáadáa láti ìgbésẹ̀ 30.<ref name="Thornton79"/> === Ètò === Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́, bíi ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilẹ̀ ọba tí ó ṣáájú rẹ̀, lo àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ogun agbègbè àti ti ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ láti fẹ̀ sí i. Ètò tí ẹgbẹ́ ogun Ọ̀yọ́ ní kí ó tó di àkókò ilẹ̀ ọba rọrùn ó sì súnmọ́ ìjọba àpapọ̀ ní àárín gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́. Èyí lè ti tó ní ọ̀rúndún kẹrinlá nígbà tí Ọ̀yọ́ ń darí àárín gbùngbùn rẹ̀ nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n láti ṣẹ́gun àti láti pa ìṣẹ́gun mọ́ ní ibi jíjìn, ètò náà ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àyípadà. ==== Ẹ̀ṣọ́ (Eso) ==== Ọ̀yọ́ tọ́jú ẹgbẹ́ ogun ẹlẹ́ṣin olóye tí a ń pè ní ''Ẹ̀ṣọ́'', tàbí gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà, [[Eso Ikoyi|Ẹ̀ṣọ́ Ìkòyí]].<ref name="Smith56">Smith 1989, p.&nbsp;56.</ref> Àwọn wọ̀nyí jẹ́ ọ̀gá ogun kékeré 70 tí Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì yàn tí Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ sì fọwọ́sí.<ref name="Smith56"/> A yan àwọn Ẹ̀ṣọ́ nítorí ọgbọ́n ogun wọn láì wo ti ìdílé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a mọ̀ pé àwọn ìdílé Ẹ̀ṣọ́ wà. Ààrẹ-Ọ̀nà-Kakanfò ló ń darí àwọn Ẹ̀ṣọ́,<ref name="Stride300"/> wọ́n sì gbajúmọ̀ fún gbígbé nípasẹ̀ [[Emi Omo Eso|òfin jagunjagun]] tí ó jọra pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ Latin [[infra dig]]nitatem. ==== Ààrẹ Ọ̀nà Kakanfò ==== Lẹ́yìn tí Ọ̀yọ́ padà dé láti ìgbèkùn, a dá ipò Ààrẹ-Ọ̀nà-Kakanfò sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ọ̀gágun pátápátá.<ref name="Smith53">Smith 1989, p.&nbsp;53.</ref> A béèrè lọ́wọ́ rẹ̀ láti gbé ní ẹkùn ààlà tí ó ṣe pàtàkì gidigidi láti máa ṣọ́ ọ̀tá àti láti dènà rẹ̀ láti gba oyè.<ref name="Stride300"/> Nígbà àkókò ilẹ̀ ọba Ọ̀yọ́, Ààrẹ-Ọ̀nà-Kakanfò fúnra rẹ̀ ló máa ń darí ẹgbẹ́ ogun ní pápá lórí gbogbo ogun.<ref name="Stride300"/> ==== Ẹgbẹ́ Ogun Àárín Gbùngbùn ==== [[File:Oyo-Ile city wall map.png|thumb|Àwòrán àwọn ògiri ìlú Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé, kí ó tó wó|262px]] [[File:OyoEmpireExtent.png|thumb|Ìtànkálẹ̀ Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́, ọ̀rúndún kვიtàdínlógún sí kejìdínlógún|262px]] Níwọ̀n bí Ààrẹ-Ọ̀nà-Kakanfò kò ti lè gbé nítòsí olú-ìlú, a gbọ́dọ̀ ṣe ètò fún ààbò olú-ìlú náà bí ìjàm̀bá bá ṣẹlẹ̀. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tí ó wà nínú àárín gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ wà lábẹ́ àṣẹ Bạṣọ̀run, olórí ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì.<ref name="Smith53"/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti sọ tẹ́lẹ̀, a pín Àárín Gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ sí ẹkùn mẹ́fà tí a pín déédéé nípasẹ̀ odò. Nítorí náà a pín àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ogun ẹkùn sí ẹgbẹ́ ogun méjì, lábẹ́ ''Oníkòyí'' àti ''Òkèré'' fún ìlà-oòrùn àti ìwọ̀-oòrùn odò náà lẹ́sẹẹsẹ.<ref name="Smith53"/> Àwọn ọ̀gá ogun kékeré ni a mọ̀ sí Balógun, oyè tí àwọn ọmọ ogun ti ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó rọ́pò Ọ̀yọ́, [[Ibadan|Ìbàdàn]], ń lò.<ref name="Smith57">Smith 1989, p.&nbsp;57.</ref> ==== Ẹgbẹ́ Ogun Ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ ==== Àwọn olórí ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ àti àwọn gómìnà ẹkùn ní ojúṣe láti gba ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ àti láti fi àwọn ọmọ ogun kún lábẹ́ ìdarí agbègbè sí ẹgbẹ́ ogun ilẹ̀ ọba nígbà ìjàm̀bá.<ref name="Stride296"/> Nígbà mìíràn, a máa ń pàṣẹ fún àwọn olórí ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ láti kọlu àwọn aládùúgbò paapaa láìsí àtìlẹyìn ẹgbẹ́ ogun ilẹ̀ ọba pàtàkì.<ref name="Stride296"/> A sábà máa ń lo àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí nínú àwọn ogun jíjìn Ọ̀yọ́ ní etíkun tàbí lòdì sí àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mìíràn. == Àṣà == === Òwò === Ọ̀yọ́ di ibùdó òwò gúúsù ti òwò kọjá Sàhárà. Pàṣípààrọ̀ wáyé nínú iyọ̀, awọ, ẹṣin, [[kola nut|obì]], [[ivory|eyín erin]], aṣọ àti ẹrú.<ref name="Stride302"/> Àwọn Yorùbá ti àárín gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ tún ní ọgbọ́n gidigidi nínú iṣẹ́ ọnà àti iṣẹ́ irin.<ref name="Stride302"/> Yàtọ̀ sí owó-orí lórí àwọn ọjà òwò tí ń wọlé tí ó sì ń jáde ní ilẹ̀ ọba, Ọ̀yọ́ tún di olówó láti inú àwọn owó-orí tí a gbé lé àwọn tí ń san ìṣákọ́lẹ̀ fún un. Owó-orí lórí ìjọba Dahomey nìkan mú iye tí a fojúbù sí 14 million US dollars wọlé lọ́dọọdún.<ref name="Stride301"/> Ní àkókò ṣáájú ìjọba amúnisìn, {{Lang|yo|Èsúsú}} jẹ́ irú [[rotating savings and credit association|ẹgbẹ́ àjọ]] láàrin àwọn Yorùbá. A kọ ọ́ sílẹ̀ pé a ti ń ṣe èsúsú ní Ọ̀yọ́ nígbà ìjọba Aláààfin [[Abiodun (Oyo ruler)|Abíọ́dún]] ní ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Falola|first1= Toyin |last2= Adebayo|first2= Akanmu Gafari |date= 2000|title= Culture, Politics and Money Among the Yoruba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxL03_ajZNgC&dq=esusu+Oyo&pg=PA134|publisher= [[Transaction Publishers]]|pages=132–135|isbn= 9781580462969}}</ref> === Iṣẹ́ Ìkọ́lé === [[File:Oyo pillar 15th century.jpg|thumb|Òpó Idẹ Ọ̀yọ́ Àtijọ́, ọ̀rúndún kẹ́ẹ̀dógún sí kejìdínlógún. (183cm, 186cm)]] Iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé láàrin Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ ṣe àfihàn àyíká tí a kọ́ lọ́nà dídíjú. Àwọn ibùgbé àwọn ọlọ́lá ní Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé ṣe àfihàn àṣà ìkọ́lé tí ó yàtọ̀, tí a fi àwọn ère dídíjú hàn tí ó ṣàpẹẹrẹ ipò àwọn olùgbé náà. Àwọn agbẹ́gilére ṣe ọ̀ṣọ́ sí àwọn ilé àti àgbàlá pẹ̀lú àwọn òpó igi tí a gbẹ́ dáadáa àti àwọn ìlẹ̀kùn oní-àwòrán, tí wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ ìtàn àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pàtàkì, tí ń fi agbára hàn, tí wọ́n sì ń sọ ìrírí àwọn olùgbé di mímọ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà ìkọ́lé tí ó díjú jùlọ ni a tọ́jú fún àwọn ojúbọ tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún àwọn òrìṣà. Àpẹẹrẹ àkànṣe kan ni ojúbọ Ṣàngó. Ilé náà, tí ó jẹ́ onígun mẹrin pátápátá tí ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ogún yàrá ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan, ní àwọn ilẹ̀ àti ògiri tí a dán, tí wọ́n sì ní àwọ̀ pupa fòò. Hugh Clapperton pè é ní "Èyí tí ó tóbi jùlọ tí a sì ṣe lọ́ṣọ̀ọ́ jùlọ nínú irú rẹ̀ ní inú Áfíríkà."<ref name="Akinwumi">{{cite book |last=akinwumi |first= ogundiran|author-link= Akinwumi Ogundiran |date=2020|title= The Yoruba: A New History|publisher= Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253051509}}</ref> Ní àwọn ẹkùn tí ó yí Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ ká, a dá àwọn àwòkọ kékeré ti iṣẹ́ ọnà ìkọ́lé tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún Ṣàngó sílẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, a ṣèjúwe ojúbọ kan ní [[Ilaro|Ìlarò]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé ńlá onígun mẹrin tí àwọn òpó roboto gbé dúró, níbi tí a gbé àwọn ère àwọn ọkùnrin sí, díẹ̀ nínú wọn mú idà àti apata dání àti àwọn mìíràn mú ìbọn. Clapperton ṣàkíyèsí ọgbọ́n àwọn oníṣẹ́ ọnà náà, ó sọ pé díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ère wọn bá àwọn tí òun ti rí ní Europe díje nípa bí wọ́n ṣe dán tó.<ref name="Akinwumi" /> Àwọn [[pillars|òpó]] tí ó gbé ààfin Ọ̀yọ́ dúró jẹ́ idẹ, wọ́n sì ga ní nǹkan bíi méjì mítà. A sọ pé òrùlé ààfin Ọ̀yọ́ Àtijọ́ nígbà ògo rẹ̀ wà lórí nǹkan bí 100 òpó idẹ ní ọ̀nà gígùn kí a tó kọlu ààfin náà tí Ìjọba Ìlọrin sì kó o ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún. A sọ pé a kọ́kọ́ gbé wọn dúró nígbà ìjọba Aláààfin Aganju ní nǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún kẹ́ẹ̀dógún, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé díẹ̀ nínú àwọn orísun sọ pé a ṣe wọ́n láàrin ọdún 1750 àti 1780.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Morton-Williams | first1=Peter | date=1995 | title=Two Yoruba Brass Pillars | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3337272 | journal=African Arts | volume=28 | issue=3 | pages=60–61+92 | publisher=UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center| doi=10.2307/3337272 | jstor=3337272 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> Àwọn ìlẹ̀kùn tún jẹ́ èyí tí a ṣe lọ́nà dídíjú ní Ọ̀yọ́. Ìlẹ̀kùn irin ńlá kan tí a jí ní Ọ̀yọ́ ni a tọ́jú tí a sì gbé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn Emir, a sì sọ pé Aláààfin kan láti ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún "ṣe ìlẹ̀kùn fàdákà méje sí àwọn ẹnu-ọ̀nà méje ti yàrá oorun rẹ̀". [[Potsherd|Àwọn Àpáàdì]] [[Pavers (flooring)|Lítè]] ní Ọ̀yọ́ Àtijọ́ ni a ti tọ́ka sí láti ọ̀rúndún kẹtàlá sí kẹrinlá.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Falola|first1= Toyin |last2= Jennings|first2=Christian |date= 2004|title= Sources and Methods in African History: Spoken, Written, Unearthed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CS5tHpdMMa4C&dq=oyo+potsherd+pavement&pg=PA50|publisher= University Rochester Press|page=50|isbn= 9781580461405}}</ref> === Àwọn Ẹgbẹ́ Ẹ̀sìn === Toby Green tọ́ka sí i pé ẹ̀sìn wọ inú àwọn àwùjọ Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà gidigidi, níbi tí agbára ìṣèlú àti àṣẹ ẹ̀sìn ti so pọ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Toby |date=2015 |title=African Kingdoms: A Guide to the Kingdoms of Songhay,Kongo, Benin, Oyo and Dahomey c.1400 – c.1800 |url=https://africankingdoms.co.uk/online-e-book/ |page=32}}</ref> Èyí farahàn pẹ̀lú ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Egungun àti Ifá láti ọwọ́ Aláààfin Abípa ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kვიtàdínlógún àti ìdàgbàsókè ẹgbẹ́ Ṣàngó ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Toby |date=2015 |title=African Kingdoms: A Guide to the Kingdoms of Songhay, Kongo, Benin, Oyo and Dahomey c.1400 – c.1800 |url=https://africankingdoms.co.uk/online-e-book/ |pages=32–33}}</ref> Green tún tọ́ka sí i pé àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ẹ̀sìn wà ní gbogbo ìtàn Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name=":0" /> Egungun àti Ifá ṣì jẹ́ pàtàkì nínú ìṣe ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá paapaa ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Pàtàkì Ṣàngó fún àwọn ẹrú ọba Ọ̀yọ́ lè ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ó fi padà di òrìṣà pàtàkì fún àwọn Áfíríkà tí a sọ di ẹrú ní Brazil tí wọ́n ń ṣe ẹ̀sìn Candomblé.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Toby |date=2015 |title=African Kingdoms: A Guide to the Kingdoms of Songhay, Kongo, Benin, Oyo and Dahomey c.1400 – c.1800 |url=https://africankingdoms.co.uk/online-e-book/ |page=33}}</ref> === Onírúurú Ẹ̀yà ní Ọ̀yọ́ === Lẹ́yìn rògbòdìyàn Tápà, Ọ̀yọ́ ní àwọn olùgbé tí ó yàtọ̀ síra. Àwọn Yorùbá ló ṣì jẹ́ olùgbé tí ó pọ̀ jùlọ nínú ilẹ̀ ọba tí a tún kọ́. Èyí tí ó tẹ̀lé wọn nípa ipa ni àwọn Ibariba, àti tí wọ́n darapọ̀ mọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè onírúurú ẹ̀yà yìí ni àwọn Tápà, Songhai, àti Mossi. Wíwà tí àwọn ilà ojú Ibariba, Songhai, àti Mossi wà láàrin àwọn ènìyàn Ọ̀yọ́ pèsè ẹ̀rí fún ìdarapọ̀ onírúurú ẹ̀yà àti àṣà nínú dídá ìdámọ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ọdún 1570.<ref name="Akinwumi" /> <gallery class="center" mode="packed" heights="155" classes="center" caption="Symbology"> File:Araldiz Manno 259.svg| '''Ìbọ̀''', (''[[Solomon's knot]]''), àmì bíi ti [[heraldic]] ti ọba Yorùbá File:Solomons-knot-quadruple.svg| '''Ìbọ̀ onígun mẹ́rin''', (Quadruple ''[[Solomon's knot]]''). File:VeveOgoun.svg|[[Veve]] ti [[Ogun|Ògún]], òrìṣà ogun ti [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] àti àmì àwọn Aláààfin Ọ̀yọ́ </gallery> == Wo pẹ̀lú == * [[Ijebu Kingdom|Ìjọba Ìjẹ̀bú]] * [[Ondo Kingdom|Ìjọba Òǹdó]] * [[Ife Empire|Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ifẹ̀]] * [[Rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo|Àwọn Ọba Ìpínlẹ̀ Yorùbá ti Ọ̀yọ́]] * [[Oyotunji|Oyotunji African Village]] * [[History of Nigeria|Ìtàn Nàìjíríà]] == Àwọn Àkíyèsí == {{Reflist}} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == * {{cite book|last=Afolayan|first=Funso|title=Kingdoms of West Africa: Benin, Oyo and Asante|volume=2|editor-last=Falola|editor-first=Toyin|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|date=2000|page=173|isbn=0-89089-768-9}} * {{cite book|last=Alpern|first=Stanley B.|title=Amazons of Black Sparta: The Women Warriors of Dahomey|publisher=New York University Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8147-0678-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/amazonsofblacksp0000alpe}} * {{cite book|last=Bowdich|first=Thomas Edward|author-link=Thomas Edward Bowdich|title=Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee, with a statistical account of that kingdom, and geographical notices of other parts of the interior of Africa|publisher=J. Murray|year=1819|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/missionfromcapec00bowd}} * {{cite book |last=Bosman |first=Willem |title=A new and accurate description of the coast of Guinea, divided into the Gold, the Slave, and the Ivory coasts |date=1704 }} * {{cite journal|last=Bascom|first=William|title=Some Aspects of Yoruba Urbanism|journal=American Anthropologist|volume=64|issue=4|pages=699–709|date=Aug 1962|doi=10.1525/aa.1962.64.4.02a00010|jstor=667787|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43h9640r|doi-access=free|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal|last=Goddard|first=Stephen|title=Ago That became Oyo: An Essay in Yoruba Historical Geography|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_1971-06_137_2/page/207|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=137|issue=2|pages=207–211|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|date=Jun 1971|doi=10.2307/1796741|jstor=1796741|bibcode=1971GeogJ.137..207G}} * {{cite journal|last=Law|first=Robin|title=A West African Cavalry State: The Kingdom of Oyo|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1975_16_1/page/1|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=16|issue=1|pages=1–15|year=1975|doi=10.1017/S0021853700014079|issn=0021-8537|jstor=181095|s2cid=165298301}} * {{cite book |last=Snelgrave |first=William |title=A new account of some parts of Guinea, and the slave-trade, containing I. The history of the late conquest of the Kingdom of Whidaw by the King of Dahomè ... |date=1734 }} * {{cite book|author=Oliver, Roland|title=The Cambridge History of Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory05fage|url-access=registration|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=1975|isbn=0-521-20981-1}} * {{cite book|author=Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore|title=Medieval Africa 1250-1800|url=https://archive.org/details/medievalafrica1200rola|url-access=registration|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2001|isbn=0-521-79372-6}} * {{cite book|author=Smith, Robert S.|title=Warfare & Diplomacy in Pre-Colonial West Africa Second Edition|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison|year=1989|isbn=0-299-12334-0}} * {{cite book|author=Stride, G.T. & C. Ifeka|title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000-1800|publisher=Nelson|location=Edinburgh|year=1971|isbn=0-17-511448-X}} * {{cite book|author=Thornton, John K.|title=Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500-1800|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|year=1999|isbn=1-85728-393-7}} * {{cite book | last=Lander | first=Richard |title=Records of Captain Clapperton's Last Expedition to Africa| publisher=H. Colburn and R. Bentley | volume=2 | year=1830 }} * {{cite book|author=Thornton, John|title=Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=1998|isbn=0-521-62724-9|page=340|edition=Second}} * Easley, Dr. Larry. "The Four Forest States of Africa." Oyo Empire. Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau. 2 Mar. 2009. * Kehnide Salami, Yunusa PhD "[http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol1no6/DemocraticStructureOfYorubaPoliticalCulturalSociety_vol1no6.pdf The Democratic Structure of Yoruba Political-Cultural Heritage.]" Department of Philosophy Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife. 29 Apr. 2009. * Shillington, Kevin. History of Africa. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Limited, 1995 * Fasanya, Akin (2004). "The Original Religion of the Yorubas." http://www.laits.utexas.edu/africa/2004/database/fasanya.html * {{cite book|last=Forde|first=Daryll|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1967|page=36|isbn=0-19-724187-5}} == Àwọn Ìjápọ̀ Òde == * [https://www.brown.edu/Facilities/Haffenreffer/yoruba2.html Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology] {{empires}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Oyo Empire| ]] [[Category:14th-century establishments in Africa]] [[Category:States and territories established in the 14th century]] [[Category:Countries in medieval Africa]] [[Category:Nigerian traditional states]] [[Category:History of the Yoruba people]] [[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1905]] [[Category:14th-century establishments in Nigeria]] [[Category:16th century in Nigeria]] [[Category:17th century in Nigeria]] [[Category:18th century in Nigeria]] [[Category:1900s disestablishments in Nigeria]] ns1zr4io5qbmoitnslgn7bylj470bdf Ogun Abele Nigeria 0 10227 632060 625611 2026-08-19T16:44:33Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Ogun Abélé ilẹ̀ [[Nàìjíríà]] | partof = [[Cold War]] àti [[decolonisation of Africa]] | image = Soldiers in the Nigerian Civil War.jpg |image_size = 150 | caption = Marching soldiers of the [[Biafran Armed Forces]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria’s Northern Elders Forum: Keeping the Igbo is Not Worth a Civil War |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/nigerias-northern-elders-forum-keeping-igbo-not-worth-civil-war |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> | date = 6 July 1967 – 15 January 1970<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=07|day1=06|year1=1967|month2=01|day2=15|year2=1970}}) | place = Southeastern [[Nigeria]] | territory = [[Biafra]] rejoins [[Nigeria]] | result = Nigerian victory{{bulleted list|Dissolution of the [[Republic of Biafra]]|Establishment of [[States of Nigeria|states in Nigeria]] |Rise and development of [[Igbo nationalism]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Onuoha |first1=C |last2=Nwangwu |first2=FC |date=November 2020|title=The political economy of Biafra separatism and post-war Igbo nationalism in Nigeria|journal= African Affairs|volume= 119|issue= 477|pages= 526–551|doi=10.1093/afraf/adaa025|quote="The first generation of Igbo nationalism started immediately after the Nigerian Civil War in 1970, and it is championed and dominated by the conservative Igbo petty bourgeoisie."}}</ref>|Formation of [[Doctors Without Borders]]}} | combatant1 = {{ubl|{{flag|Nigeria|size=22px}}|{{flagicon|Egypt|1958|size=22px}} [[United Arab Republic|Egypt]] (air support)<ref name="litencyc.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.litencyc.com/theliterarymagazine/biafra.php|title=The Literary Magazine - the Biafra War and the Age of Pestilence by Herbert Ekwe Ekwe|access-date=2011-01-04|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820081648/https://www.litencyc.com/theliterarymagazine/biafra.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>''Shadows: Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967–1970'', by Michael I. Draper ({{ISBN|1-902109-63-5}})</ref>}} | combatant2 = {{ubl|{{flag|Biafra|size=22px}}|{{flagicon|Republic of Benin|size=22px}} [[Republic of Benin (1967)|Republic of Benin]] (1967)|[[#Foreign mercenaries|Foreign mercenaries]]{{sfn|Baxter|2015}}}} | combatant1a = {{collapsible list |title = Supported by: |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} |{{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e5/c15646.htm|title=Nigerian Civil War|first=Bureau of Public Affairs|last=[[United States Department of State]]: The Office of Electronic Information|date=25 October 2005|website=2001-2009.state.gov}}</ref> |{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] (before 1968)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265341363|title=Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra Civil War, 1967–1970}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|People's Republic of Bulgaria|1967}}<ref>Nigeria Since Independence: The First Twenty-five Years : International Relations, 1980. Page 204</ref> |{{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sadleman |first1=Stephen |title=The Ties That Divide |date=2000 |page=86 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8UzCgAAQBAJ&q=ethiopia+support&pg=PA87 |access-date=8 June 2018|isbn=9780231122290 }}</ref> |{{flag|Senegal|1960}} |{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somali Democratic Republic|Somalia]] |{{flagicon|Sierra Leone|1967}} [[Sierra Leone (1961-1971)|Sierra Leone]] |{{flag|Cameroon|1961}} |{{flag|Niger}} |{{flagicon image|Flag of Congo-Kinshasa (1966-1971).svg}} [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congo-Kinshasa]]<ref>Stearns, Jason K. ''Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa'' (2011), p. 115.</ref><ref>Wrong, Michela. ''In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo'' (2000), p. 266.</ref> |{{flag|Algeria|1968}}<ref>Biafra Revisited, 2006. p. 5.</ref> |{{flag|Syria|1963}} |{{flag|Saudi Arabia|1938}}<ref>Spencer C. Tucker, ''The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts that Changed World History'', ({{ISBN|9781440842948}})</ref> }} | combatant2a = {{collapsible list | title = Supported by: |{{flagicon|France}} [[French Fifth Republic|France]]<ref name="africamasterweb.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/BiafranWarCauses.html|title=The Biafran War, Nigerian History, Nigerian Civil War|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312215245/http://www.africamasterweb.com/BiafranWarCauses.html|archive-date=12 March 2008}}</ref> |{{flag|China}}<ref name="whokilledbiafra">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Stanley|date=2007|title=Who Killed Biafra?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_dialectical-anthropology_2007_31_1-3/page/339|journal=[[Dialectical Anthropology]]|volume=31|issue=1/3|pages=339–362|jstor=29790795|doi=10.1007/s10624-007-9014-9|s2cid=144828601}}</ref> |{{flagicon|Germany}} [[West Germany]]<ref name="africamasterweb.com"/> |{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] (after 1968)<ref>[https://unitedwithisrael.org/biafran-airlift-israels-secret-mission-to-save-lives/ "Biafran Airlift: Israel's Secret Mission to Save Lives"]. Eitan Press. ''United With Israel. www.unitedwithisrael.org''. 13 October 2013. Accessed 13 January 2017.</ref> |{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]]<ref>''Genocide and the Europeans'', 2010, p. 71.</ref><ref name="There 2007. Page 213">''There's A Riot Going On: Revolutionaries, Rock Stars, and the Rise and Fall of '60s Counter-Culture'', 2007. p. 213.{{fcn|date=October 2022}}</ref><ref>''The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviet Arms and Diplomacy in Local Wars 1945–1980'', 1986, p. 91.{{fcn|{{subst:DATE}}|date=October 2022}}</ref> |{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Francoist Spain|Spain]]<ref name="There 2007. Page 213"/><ref name="blackpast">{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/republic-biafra-1967-1970/|title=Republic of Biafra (1967–1970)|first=Ryan|last=Hurst|date=21 June 2009}}</ref> |{{flag|Vatican City}} (alleged)<ref name="blackpast"/><ref name="nytimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/14/archives/nigerian-rejects-help-from-groups-that-aided-biafra-gowon-says.html|title=Nigerian Rejects Help From Groups That Aided Biafra|work=[[The New York Times]]|last=Fellows|first=Lawerence|date=14 January 1970|location=[[New York City]]}}</ref><ref name="repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp">{{cite journal|url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/193254/1/ASM_35_129.pdf|page=138|title=Counting the Cost: The Politics of Relief Operations in the Nigerian Civil War, A Critical Appraisal|date=December 2014|journal=African Study Monographs|volume=35|number=3&4|first=Kenneth|last=Chukwuemeka|via=[[Kyoto University]]}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|South Africa|1928}} |{{Flag|Rhodesia}}<ref>Griffin, ''French Military Policy in the Nigerian Civil War'' (2015), p. 122. "Starting in October 1967, there were also direct Czech arms flights, by a network of pilots led by Jack Malloch, a Rhodesian in contact with Houphouët-Boigny and Mauricheau-Beupré."</ref> |{{flagicon|Haiti|1964}} [[Duvalier dynasty|Haiti]]<ref name="africamasterweb.com"/> |{{flag|Gabon}}<ref name="africamasterweb.com"/> |{{flag|Ivory Coast}}<ref name="africamasterweb.com"/> |{{flag|Tanzania}}<ref>Malcolm MacDonald: ''Bringing an End to Empire'', 1995, p. 416.</ref><ref>''Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria'', 2001, p. 54.{{fcn|date=October 2022}}</ref><ref>''Africa 1960–1970: Chronicle and Analysis'', 2009, p. 423.{{fcn|date=October 2022}}</ref> |{{flag|Czechoslovakia|1960}} ([[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia|until 1968]])<ref name=griffin/> }} | commander1 = {{ubl|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Hassan Katsina]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Mohammed Shuwa]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Benjamin Adekunle]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Theophilus Danjuma]]|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua]]}}|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Yakubu Gowon]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Murtala Mohammed]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Olusegun Obasanjo]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Muhammadu Buhari]]|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Ibrahim Babangida]]{{WIA}}}}|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Sani Abacha]]}} | commander2 = {{ubl|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Odumegwu Ojukwu]]|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Philip Effiong]]|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Albert Okonkwo]]|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Victor Banjo]] [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|14px|link=capital punishment]]|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Ogbugo Kalu]]|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Joseph Achuzie]]|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Timothy Onwuatuegwu]]{{KIA}}}}|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Humphrey Chukwuka]]}} ---- '''Foreign mercenaries''':{{ubl|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Rolf Steiner]] (German)|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Jan Zumbach]] (Polish)|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Lynn Garrison]] (Canadian)|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Taffy Williams]] (Welsh)|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Marc Goosens]]{{KIA}} (Belgian)|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Carl Gustaf von Rosen]] (Swedish)}}|{{flagicon|Biafra}} [[Roger Faulques]] (French)}} | strength1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Nigerian Armed Forces.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Nigerian Armed Forces]]:'''{{ubl|85,000<ref name="REF0">Nkwocha, 2010: 156</ref>–150,000<ref name="REF00">Karl DeRouen & U. K. Heo (2007). ''Civil wars of the world: Major conflicts since World War II''. Tomo I. Santa Bárbara: ABC CLIO, p. 569. {{ISBN|978-1-85109-919-1}}.</ref><br />(1967)<br />(possibly 100,000)<ref>Alfred Obiora Uzokwe (2003). ''Surviving in Biafra: The Story of the Nigerian Civil War : Over Two Million Died.'' Lincoln: iUniverse, p. xvi. {{ISBN|978-0-595-26366-0}}.</ref><ref name="REF2002"/>|250,000<br />(1968)<ref name="REF000">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/biafra.htm Biafran War]. GlobalSecurity.org.</ref>|200,000<ref name="REF12"/>–250,000<ref name="REF00"/><br />(1970)}} | strength2 = {{flagicon|Biafra|size=22px}} '''[[Biafran Armed Forces]]:'''{{ubl|10,000<ref name="REF2002">Dr. Onyema Nkwocha (2010). ''The Republic of Biafra: Once Upon a Time in Nigeria: My Story of the Biafra-Nigerian Civil War – A Struggle for Survival (1967–1970)''. Bloomington: AuthorHouse, p. 25. {{ISBN|978-1-4520-6867-1}}.</ref>–100,000<ref name="REF00"/><br />(1967)<br />(possibly 30,000)<ref name="REF0"/>|110,000<br />(1968)<ref>West Africa. Londres: Afrimedia International, 1969, p. 1565. "Malnutrition affects adults less than children, half of whom have now died, reports Debrel, who also describes the reorganisation of the Biafran army after the 1968 defeats, making it a 'political' army of 110,000 men; its automatic weapons, ..."</ref>|50,000<ref name="REF12"/>–100,000<ref>Stan Chu Ilo (2006). ''The Face of Africa: Looking Beyond the Shadows''. Bloomington: AuthorHouse, p. 138. {{ISBN|978-1-4208-9705-0}}.</ref><br />(1970)}} | casualties3 = '''Combatants killed:''' 45,000<ref name="REF12">Phillips, Charles, & Alan Axelrod (2005). "Nigerian-Biafran War". ''Encyclopedia of Wars''. Tomo II. New York: Facts On File, Inc., {{ISBN|978-0-8160-2853-5}}.</ref>–100,000<ref>Paul R. Bartrop (2012). ''A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide''. Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO, p. 107. {{ISBN|978-0-313-38679-4}}.</ref><ref name="REF14">Bridgette Kasuka (2012). ''Prominent African Leaders Since Independence''. Bankole Kamara Taylor, p. 331. {{ISBN|978-1-4700-4358-2}}.</ref> ---- Biafran civilians died from famine during the Nigerian naval blockade<ref>{{harvnb|Stevenson|2014|p=314}}: "The mass killing during the Nigeria-Biafra War was the result of a 'deliberately imposed economic blockade on the inhabitants of Nigeria's southeastern region by the country's federal government' that led to an induced 'famine in which over two million people died of starvation and related diseases.'"</ref> ---- '''Displaced:''' 2,000,000–4,500,000<ref>Godfrey Mwakikagile (2001). ''Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria''. Huntington: Nova Publishers, p. 176. {{ISBN|978-1-56072-967-9}}.</ref> ---- '''Refugees:''' 500,000<ref>DeRouen & Heo, 2007: 570</ref>–3,000,000{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Biafran War}} }} '''Ogún Abẹ́lé ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà''' wáyé láàárín ọjọ́ Kẹfà oṣù Okúdù ọdún 1967 sí ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀dógún oṣù ṣẹ́ẹ́rẹ́: tí a tún mọ̀ sí (Ogun Nàìjíríà - Biafra tàbí ogun Biafra) jẹ́ ogun Abẹ́lé tí ó wáyé láàárín ìjọba Nàìjíríà àti orílè-èdè [[Biafra]], ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó fé dádúró tì ó ti fẹ́ gba òmìnira kúrò lára [[Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún 1967.<ref name="v053">{{cite web|last=Nwaubani|first=Adaobi Tricia|title=Remembering Nigeria's Biafra war that many prefer to forget|website=BBC Home|date=2020-01-15|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51094093|access-date=2025-09-24}}</ref> Ọgágun [[Yakubu Gowon]] ni ó ń darí orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà [[Odumegwu Ojukwu]] sí ń darí Biafra. Èròngbà àwọn olùfẹ́ [[ẹ̀yà Ìgbò]] tí wọ́n rò pé àwọn kò lè bá ìjọba àpapọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ṣe pọ̀ mọ torí pé àwọn [[Mùsùlùmí]] ẹ̀yà Haúsá-Fúlàní tí àríwá orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] tí jẹ gàba ní Biafra. Ìyọrísí ìkọlù yìí láti rògbòdìyàn&nbsp; ìṣèlú, ọrọ̀ ajé, ẹ̀yà, ajẹmáṣà àti ẹ̀sìn ló bí pínpín Nàìjíríà láti ọdún 1960 sí 1963.<ref name="e827">{{cite web|last=Oluwagbemi|first=Ayodele|title=Biafra: a painful chapter in Nigeria's history|website=Punch Newspapers|date=2017-05-28|url=https://punchng.com/biafra-a-painful-chapter-in-nigerias-history/|access-date=2025-09-24}}</ref> Lára àwọn aṣokùnfà ogun ní ọdún 1966 ni ìjà ẹ̀sìn àti ìṣègbè ẹ̀yà Ìgbò ní Apá Àríwá Nàìjíríà. Ìdìtẹ̀gbàjọba, àti ìrẹ́jẹ àwọn Ìgbò ní apá àríwá Naijiria. Bákan náà Ìjẹ gàba lórí ìgbéjáde epo rọ̀bì tó lérè gọbọi lórí ní apa [[Niger Delta]] náà kópa ribiribi nínú ogun abẹ́lé náà. Láàárín ọdún kan, àwọn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] ti yí gbogbo kọ̀rọ̀-kọ́ndú ilẹ̀ Ìgbò [[Biafara]] po tí ó fi mọ́ orísun epo tí ó wà ní ìlú [[Port Harcourt]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. Wọ́n mọ odi yí wọn ká tínwọn kò sì gbà kí ẹnikẹ́ni nínú ẹ̀yà Ìgbò ó jáde síta, èyí f a ebi ọ̀pàgbà f'ọwọ́-mẹ́kẹ́ fún tẹ́rú tọmọ wọn.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Colin|date=1987-03-29|title=Starvation Was The Policy|language=en-US|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/29/books/starvation-was-the-policy.html |access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún méjì ati abọ̀ tí ogun náà fi wáyé, iye àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Ìgbò tí wọ́ ṣ'aláìsí láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà jẹ́ ọgọ́rún kan, nígbà tí iye àwọn tí wọ́n ṣ'aláìsí látàrí ebi òpàpàpàlà jẹ́ mílíọ́nù lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-un márùn-ún [[ènìyàn]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.american.edu/TED/ice/BIAFRA.HTM|title=ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War|date=1997|website=American University: ICE Case Studies|publisher=American University|access-date=6 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103207/http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/biafra.htm|archive-date=14 February 2017}}</ref> Nígbà tí yóò fi di àárín ọdún 1968, àwọn [[oníròyìn]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ń fi àwòrán àwọn àgbà àti ọmọdé tí [[ebi]] ti sọ di aláabọ̀ ara nínú àwọn ẹ̀yà ìgbò léde nínú àwọn [[ìwé ìròyìn]] tí wọ́n ń jáde ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè òkèrè{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. Àwòrán àwọn tí ebi ń pa wọ̀nyí beeẹ̀ sí ń mú kí àwọn ará ilẹ̀ òkèèrè ó beeẹ̀ sí ń fi oju àánú wo àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí, tí ó sì mú kí àwọn àjọ 3lẹ́yinjú àánú tí kìí ṣe ti ìjọba ó ma dá [[owó]] , [[ounje]] , [[aṣọ]] àti àwọn ohun ìgbáyé-gbádùn mìíràn ránṣẹ́ sí wọn. Orílẹ̀-èdè [[United Kingdom]] àti [[Soviet Union]] ni wọ́n fẹ̀yìn pọn orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà láti bori Biafra nígbà náà, nígbà tí orílẹ̀-èdè [[France]] àti [[Isreal]] ṣagbátẹrù fún àwọn Biafra láti kojú orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà padà. Àmọ́ àwọn [[Amẹ́ríkà]] ní ti wọn kò ṣ'ègbè lẹ́yìn ẹnìkọkan, wọ́n kò fara mọ́ ìfìyà-jẹni tí orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ń fi jẹ àwọn Igbo yí, bákan náà ni wọ́n bu ẹnu atẹ́ lu ìgbàẹ́sẹ̀ ìyapa àwọn Biafra kúrò lára orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chinua|first=Achebe|title=There was a country: a personal history of Biafra|publisher=pearson|year=2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, |volume=XXIV: Africa |publisher=Office of the Historian, US State Department |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v24/d396 |access-date=2022-04-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Luepke |first=Anna-Katharina |date=2018 |title=The 'Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History |type=PhD |chapter=1 |publisher=Bangor University |chapter-url=https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/files/22128193/LUEPKE_The_Other_Side_Final.pdf |access-date=25 Apr 2022}}</ref> ==Ohun ti bo fa ogun yí== ===Ẹlẹ́yà-m'ẹ̀yà=== Ohun àkókọ́ tí ó fa ogun yí ni ó níṣe pẹ̀lú [[Colonial Nigeria#Amalgamation|ìdàpọ̀ gbogbo ẹ̀yà]] orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà lásìkò ìṣèjọba àmúnisìn ní ọdún 1914, èyí ni dídá [[Northern Nigeria Protectorate|Northern protectorate]], [[Lagos Colony]] àti [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate|Southern Nigeria protectorate]] tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Eastern Region, Nigeria|Eastern Nigeria]]) papọ̀ láti lè jẹ́ kí ìṣèjọba orílẹ̀-èdè náà ó f'ẹsẹ̀ múlẹ̀ nítorí gbígòòrò tí àwọn agbègbè orílẹ̀-èdè tí a ti mẹ́nu bá lókè yí gbòòrò tí oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀yà sì wà ní ibẹ.<ref name="Times 2021">{{cite web | last=Times | first=Premium | title=The British, Nigeria and the 'Mistake of 1914', By Eric Teniola | website=Premium Times Nigeria | date=2021-07-03 | url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/471456-the-british-nigeria-and-the-mistake-of-1914-by-eric-teniola.html | access-date=2022-10-05}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé ìdàpọ̀ yí kò fiyè sí ìyàtọ̀ tí ó wà láàárín [[ẹ̀yà]], [[èdè]] ati [[ẹ̀sìn]] tí ó wà láàárín àwọn ènìyàn ilé Nàìjíríà lásìkò náà, èyí ni ó mú ìbérù ati ìfòyà ó gbilẹ̀ nínú wọn tí ó sì mú kí kálukú àwọn ẹ̀yà wọ̀nyí ó ma jìjàgùdù lórí ìṣèlú ara-ẹni àti ìmójútó okòwò ẹ̀yà kọ̀ọ̀kan. Orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] gb'òmìnira lọ́wọ́ ìjọba àmúnisìn ilẹ̀ Britain ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1960, nígbà tí gbogbo àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ olùgbé ibẹ̀ náà jẹ́ mílíọ́nù márùndínláàdọ́ta ó dín diẹ̀, nígbà tí iye ẹ̀yà tí ó wà níbẹ̀ jẹ́ ọgbàọ́rùn ún mẹ́ta<ref name="Oyeranmi p. ">{{cite journal | last=Oyeranmi | first=S | title=The Colonial Background to the Problem of Ethnicity in Nigeria: 1914-1960 | journal=Journal of History and Diplomatic Studies | publisher=African Journals Online (AJOL) | volume=8 | issue=1 | date=2012-07-12 | issn=1597-3778 | doi=10.4314/jhds.v8i1.2 | page=}}</ref>. Nígbà tí orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà gba òmìnira, àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n tóbi jùlọ ni àsìkò náà ni apá ìlà Oòrùn tí àwọn ẹ̀yà Igbò ea, lásìkò yí, wọ́n kó ìdá 60–70% nínú iye ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Igbo {{!}} people|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Igbo|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> Àwọn [[Hausa-Fulani]] lábẹ́ ìṣèjọba ilẹ̀ [[Sokoto Sultanate Council|Sultanate of Sokoto]], ni wọ́n kó ìdá 67% lápá òkè ọya, bákan náà ni àwọn [[Yorùná]] ní apá Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn orílẹ̀-èdè náà kò ìdá 75%;<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Orji I.|first=Ema|title=Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives.|url=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1819&context=ilj|journal=Fordham International Law Journal|volume= 25| issue = 2 2001 Article 4}}</ref>.<ref name=":0"/> Lóòtọ́, àwọn ẹ̀yà kọ̀ọ̀kan wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ní ilẹ̀ tiwọn tí wọ́n sìntú fọ́nká sí orígun orílẹ̀-èdè náà Nígbà tí [[ogun]] náà bẹ́ sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1967, iye àwọn ọmọ ẹ̀yà Igbo tí wọ́n wà ní àwọn orígun ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà kò sàn ní ẹgbẹ̀rún márùún pàá pàá jùlọ ní ìlú [[Èkó]] <ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref>. Awon Haúsá-Fúlàní tí ó jé́ Musulumi ní àríwá ní aṣà fí gbẹ́kẹ̀lé ìjọba aṣà àti ti ẹ̀sìn àwọn Musulumi, tí àwọn àmírá tí ó jé́ olúbí ninú àwọn olóye wọ̀nyí tí wọ́n sì jẹ́ adúróṣinṣin sí Sultán ti Sókòtò. Wọ́n ka Sultán sí orísun gbogbo agbára òṣèlú àti aṣẹ ẹ̀sìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://irepos.unijos.edu.ng/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2541/1/20181218113229.pdf |access-date=2025-06-26 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308122219/https://irepos.unijos.edu.ng/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2541/1/20181218113229.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Yatò sí àwọn Haúsá-Fúlàní, àwọn Kánúrí jé́ ẹ̀yà Musulumi pàtàkì míìràn tí wọ́n ní ipa pàtàkì ninú ogun náà. Wọ́n jé́ bí ìdá àpọ̀ọ́ndá marun-ún (5%) ninú ìbùgbàrà Nàìjírìà, wọ́n sì jé́ ẹ̀yà tí ó ga julò ní àríwá-ilà-òòrùn. Ní ìtàn, wọ́n yégé ní didí ogun Caliphate Sókòtò ní ọrúnrun kéjìdínlógún (19th century) nípa ìjọba Kanem-Bornu tí wọ́n ti fíjọba fún ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún. Ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó wà ní guusù agbégbè náà tí a mò sí Ààrin Gbọ̀ngàn ní ó ní òpòlópọ̀ àwọn Kristéni àti àwọn Animist. Nípa àwọn iṣẹ́ ìránṣẹ́ àwọn oníwàasù àti ìlépa 'Ìlá-àríwà' tí Ìjọba Àgbégbè náà, agbégbè yìí ní òpòlópọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ Eurocentric. Òpòlópọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní ojú Nàìjírià ní ogun náà wá láti inú agbégbè yìí, bíi Yákúbu Gówòn àti Théóphilus Dánjúmà, àwọn méjèjì sì jé́ Kristéni.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/720702</ref> Ní ìhà gúúsù ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ètò ìṣèlú àwọn Yorùbá, bíi ti àwọn Hausa-Fulani, tún ní ọ̀wọ́ àwọn ọba tẹ̀mí, àwọn Oba. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, àwọn ọba Yorùbá kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ ní agbára aláṣẹ ju àwọn ti àríwá lọ.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=AXff8YkxVG0C&pg=PA21</ref> Nípa bẹ́ẹ̀, ètò ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ àwọn Yorùbá gba láye fún ìtẹ̀síwájú nlá, tí ó da lórí ọrọ̀ tí a jere kàkàbẹ́rẹ́ ju ti ìdílé lọ.<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/the-particularity-of-the-problem-with-nigeria-59</ref> Ní ìdàkejì sí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjì mìíràn, àwọn Ìgbò ní gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn gbé nínú àwọn àgbárà aládàáni, tí àwọn àwùjò tí a ṣetò ní ìṣèlú ìjọba tiwa-n-tiwa. Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí àwọn àgbègbè méjì mìíràn, àwọn ipinlè nínú àwọn àwùjò Ìgbò ni àwọn àṣojú gbé léèkè tí àwọn ọkùnrin àti àwọn obinrin ti kópa nínú rẹ̀.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Zm7sWUbDWakC&pg=PA25</ref> Ní ti kopa ti àwọn obinrin nínú ogun abẹ́lé yìí, iwadì tí a pè ní "'''Awon obinrin onija ati ayanmọ awon iṣọtẹ: Bi siseto awon obinrin se n fa iye akoko ogun'''" láti ọwọ́ Reed M. Wood ṣe àkíyèsí pé ogun láarin àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ àti iye àwọn obinrin tí ó kopa nínú ijà ti ó wà ní ojú náà pẹ́. Nínú ìbáṣepọ̀ láarin àwọn ijà tí ó pẹ́ àti iye gíga ti kíkópa àwọn obinrin, iwadì náà sọ pé àwọn ìlànà abo àti àwọn ọ̀nà tí "ẹgbẹ́ ológun bá ń gbà àwọn ènìyàn wọlé àti pé ta ni ó ń gbà sínú ẹgbẹ́ náà lè ní ipa lé lorí ìhúwasí rẹ̀ nínú ijà àti bí ijà náà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀."<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353791811</ref> Nínú ìyàtọ̀ àwọn '''ètò ìṣèlú''' àti àwọn ìlànà wọn, wọ́n fi àwọn àṣà àti ìlànà tó yàtọ̀ hàn, wọ́n sì tún fi hàn. Àwọn aráalu Hausa-Fulani, tí wọn kò ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹlu ètò ìṣèlú àfi nípasẹ̀ olórí abúlé tí a yàn látọwọ́ amir tàbí ọ̀kan nínú àwọn abẹ́ rẹ̀, kò ka àwọn olórí ìṣèlú sí ẹni tí a lè ní ipa lórí rẹ̀. Àwọn ìpinnu ìṣèlú ni a gbọ́dọ̀ tẹ̀lé. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí pẹlu ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ètò ìṣèlú àti ti ẹ̀sìn aláṣẹ mìíràn, àwọn ipò ìṣáájú ni a fún àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n múra tán láti jẹ́ olùfọkànsìn àti adúróṣinṣin sí àwọn aláṣẹ wọn. Iṣẹ́ pàtàkì kan nínú ètò ìṣèlú yìí ni láti mú àwọn ìlànà ìṣe àtijọ́ dúró, èyí tí ó mú kí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn Hausa-Fulani ka ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwùjọ sí ìwà ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tàbí ìwà ìbàjẹ́ sí ẹ̀sìn.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/26022821</ref> Ní ìdàkejì sí àwọn Hausa-Fulani, àwọn Ìgbò àti àwọn Biafra mìíràn máa ń kopa taara nínú àwọn ipinlè tí ó nípa lórí ìgbé ayé wọn. Wọ́n ní imòye aládàárà nípa ètò ìṣèlú wọn, wọ́n sì kà á sí ọnà kan láti fi sọ àwọn afojúbú tiwọn di òtitó. Àyọ́lẹ̀ ní àwùjò ní àwọn ènìyàn ń gbanípa agbára láti yanjú àwọn àríyànjiyàn tí ó lè dide nínú abúlé, àti nípa jijé ọlọ́rọ̀ nípa iṣẹ́-òòrùn kàkàbẹ́rẹ́ jú nípa ìléwọn. Àwọn Ìgbò ti jẹ́ ìgbéjádè nínú òwò ẹrú Atlantic; ní ọdún 1790, àwọn ìròyìn sò pé nínú àwọn ènìyàn 20,000 tí a ta lọ́dọọdún láti Bonny, 16,000 jẹ́ Ìgbò. Nípa ìfẹ́ wọn sí ìṣe àwùjò àti kíkópa nínú ìṣèlú, àwọn Ìgbò fara mọ́ àti pé wọ́n jà dúró sí ìjọba àwọn amunísin ní ọ̀nà àtúnṣe.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ wọ̀nyí tí ó ti inú àṣà wá ni ìjọba amúnisìn ní Nàìjíríà tẹ̀síwájú, ó sì ṣeé ṣe kó pọ̀ sí i. Ìjọba Amúnisìn àti Àríwá. Ní àríwá, ìjọba amúnisìn rí i pé ó rọrùn láti ṣàkóso lọ́nà àìfọwọ́kan nípasẹ̀ àwọn àmírà. Èyí mú kí ètò ìṣèlú aláṣẹ tí ó wà níbẹ̀ dúró síbẹ̀ kàkàbẹ́rẹ́ kí wọ́n tó yí i padà. Kò gba àwọn ajíhìnrere Kristẹni láyè sí àríwá, nítorí náà, agbègbè náà kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àṣà Yúróòpù. Ìjọba Amúnisìn àti Ìlà-oòrùn. Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, àwọn ọlọ́rọ̀ jù lọ láàárín àwọn Igbo máa ń fi àwọn ọmọ wọn ránṣẹ́ sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, pẹ̀lú èrò láti mú wọn sílẹ̀ láti bá àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ṣiṣẹ́. Àkókò Ìgbòmíì àti Ìgbòmíì. Láàárín àwọn ọdún tí ó tẹ̀lé e, àwọn àmírà àríwá tẹ̀síwájú nínú àwọn ètò ìṣèlú àti ti ẹ̀sìn wọn àtijọ́, wọ́n sì tún fi agbára sí ìlànà àwùjọ wọn. Ní àkókò òmìnira ní ọdún 1960, àríwá ni agbègbè tí kò tíì gbèrú jù lọ ní Nàìjíríà. Ó ní ìwọ̀n ìkàwé èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ó jẹ́ ìdá méjì nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (2%), ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìdá mọ́kàndínlógún àti méjì nínú mẹ́wàá (19.2%) ní ìlà-oòrùn (ìkàwé ní Ajami, àwọn èdè agbègbè nínú àkọsílẹ̀ èdè Lárúbáwá, tí a kọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ẹ̀sìn, ga pupọ̀). Ìwọ̀-oòrùn tún ní ìwọ̀n ìkàwé tí ó ga jù lọ, nítorí pé òun ni apá àkọ́kọ́ nínú orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹ̀kọ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn, wọ́n sì fi ètò ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀fẹ́ sílẹ̀ lábẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọ̀-oòrùn kí ó tó di òmìnira.<ref>https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/6-christian-missionary-activities-in-west-africa/</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85052-854-2</ref> Ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn, àwọn ajíhìnrere kò fi àkókò ṣòfò láti mú àwọn ọ̀nà ẹ̀kọ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn wọlé. Nítorí èyí, àwọn '''Yorùbá''' ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n gba àwọn ìlànà ìṣèlú ìwọ̀-oòrùn. Wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ilé-ìwé àkọ́kọ́ tí wọ́n di òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba ní Áfíríkà, àwọn dókítà, agbẹjọ́rò, àti àwọn onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ mìíràn àti àwọn akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2012%2F327061</ref> A mú àwọn ajíhìnrere wọlé sí àwọn agbègbè ìlà-oòrùn ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e nítorí pé àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìṣòro láti fi agbára múlẹ̀ lórí àwọn àwùjọ aláṣẹ-ara-ẹni níbẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, àwọn Igbo àti àwọn ènìyàn Biafra mìíràn fi taratara gba ẹ̀kọ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn, wọ́n sì gba ẹ̀sìn Kristẹni pátápátá. Ìtẹ̀síwájú iye ènìyàn ní ilẹ̀ ìbílẹ̀ Igbo, pẹ̀lú ìfẹ́ fún owó-iṣẹ́, ni ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún-ùn àwọn Igbo lọ sí àwọn apá mìíràn ní Nàìjíríà láti wá iṣẹ́. Ní àwọn ọdún 1960, àṣà ìṣèlú Igbo ti di ọ̀kan ṣoṣo, agbègbè náà sì ti gbèrú sí i, pẹ̀lú àwọn oníṣẹ́-ọnà àti àwọn olùkọ́wé tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ kára, kì í ṣe ní ìlà-oòrùn Igbo nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n ní gbogbo Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tó di ọdún 1966, àwọn ìyàtọ̀ àṣà àti ti ẹ̀sìn láàárín àwọn ará àríwá àti àwọn Igbo ti pọ̀ sí i nítorí àwọn ìyàtọ̀ tuntun nínú ẹ̀kọ́ àti ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/44202942</ref> === Òye ìṣèlú àti ọrọ̀ ajé nínú ètò ìjọba àpapọ̀ === Ìjọba amúnisìn pín Nàìjíríà sí àwọn agbègbè mẹ́ta—'''Àríwá, Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, àti Ìlà-oòrùn'''—ohun tí ó mú kí àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ọrọ̀ ajé, ìṣèlú, àti àwùjọ tí ó ti gbòde kan láàárín àwọn ẹ̀yà oríṣiríṣi ní Nàìjíríà pọ̀ sí i. Orílẹ̀-èdè náà ni a pín lọ́nà tí Àríwá fi ní iye ènìyàn díẹ̀ ju àpapọ̀ àwọn agbègbè méjì yòókù lọ. Àwọn ìròyìn kíkún wà nípa '''ẹ̀tan''' nígbà '''ìkàye ènìyàn''' àkọ́kọ́ ní Nàìjíríà, àti títí di òní, iye ènìyàn ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú gbígbóná ní Nàìjíríà. Lórí ìpìlẹ̀ yìí, '''Agbègbè Àríwá''' ni a fún ní iye ìjókòó tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú Ilé-Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Àpapọ̀ tí àwọn aláṣẹ amúnisìn fi sílẹ̀. Nínú agbègbè mẹ́ta kọ̀ọ̀kan, àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ní agbára jù lọ, ìyẹn '''Hausa-Fulani, Yorùbá, àti Igbo''', ni wọ́n dá àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìṣèlú sílẹ̀ tí wọ́n jẹ́ ti agbègbè pátápátá, tí wọ́n sì dá lórí '''ìfọkànsìn ẹ̀yà''': * '''Northern People's Congress (NPC)''' ní Àríwá; * '''Action Group (AG)''' ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn; àti * '''National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC)''' ní Ìlà-oòrùn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ jẹ́ '''ìṣọ̀kan''' ní ti ẹ̀yà tàbí agbègbè, ìparun Nàìjíríà wá láti òtítọ́ pé àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí wà ní agbègbè kan àti ẹ̀yà kan ní àkọ́kọ́.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria</ref> Ìpìlẹ̀ Nàìjíríà òde òní wáyé ní ọdún 1914 nígbà tí Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì fi Àríwá àti Gúúsù Protectorship pa pọ̀. Bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Àríwá Protectorship, àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ṣe ìlànà ìṣàkóso àìfọwọ́kan tí wọ́n fi ń nípa lórí àwọn agbègbè nípasẹ̀ àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn agbára ìbílẹ̀. Ìlànà yìí ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa débi pé Gómìnà Amúnisìn, Frederick Lugard, fi agbára rẹ̀ gbìyànjú láti fa á sí Gúúsù Protectorship nípasẹ̀ ìpapọ̀. Nípa báyìí, a fi ètò ìṣàkóso àjèjì àti ti ipò aláṣẹ fún àwọn Igbo. Àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní rọ fún ẹ̀tọ́ àti òmìnira tó pọ̀ sí i. Iye àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i ní púpọ̀ ní àwọn ọdún 1950, pẹ̀lú ìdàgbàsókè gbogbogbò nínú ètò ẹ̀kọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè. Ní àwọn ọdún 1940 àti 1950, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Igbo àti Yorùbá ni wọ́n wà ní iwájú ìpolongo fún òmìnira kúrò lábẹ́ ìjọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Àwọn olórí àríwá, tí wọ́n bẹ̀rù pé òmìnira yóò túmọ̀ sí ìṣàkóso ìṣèlú àti ọrọ̀ ajé láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé tó ti gba ẹ̀kọ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn ní Gúúsù, fẹ́ràn kí ìjọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ̀síwájú. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àdéhùn fún gbígba òmìnira, wọ́n béèrè pé kí orílẹ̀-èdè náà tẹ̀síwájú láti pín sí agbègbè mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú Àríwá tí yóò ní ìpín púpọ̀ kedere. Àwọn olórí Igbo àti Yorùbá, tí wọ́n ní ìfẹ́ jíjẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira nípa gbogbo ọ̀nà, gba àwọn ìbéèrè Àríwá.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Asian_and_African_Studies</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=MhhD6NOcBUgC&pg=PA10</ref> Ìyàtọ̀ Àwọn Ẹgbẹ́ Ìṣèlú Gúúsù àti Àríyànjiyàn Nípa Lágoòsì. Àwọn agbègbè Gúúsù méjèèjì ní àwọn ìyàtọ̀ àṣà àti ìrònú tó significant, èyí tó fa àríyànjiyàn láàárín àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìṣèlú Gúúsù méjèèjì. Láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, '''Ẹgbẹ́ Action Group (AG)''' fẹ́ràn ìjọba àpapọ̀ alápèjúwe fún orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tuntun, níbi tí agbègbè kọ̀ọ̀kan yóò ti ní ìṣàkóso pátápátá lórí agbègbè rẹ̀. Ipò '''Lágoòsì''' jẹ́ àìdún-ún-jókòó fún AG, nítorí wọ́n kò fẹ́ kí Lágoòsì, ìlú Yorùbá kan tó wà ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Nàìjíríà (tí ó jẹ́ olú-ìlú àpapọ̀ àti ibùjókòó ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè ní àkókò náà), di yíyàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí olú-ìlú Nàìjíríà, tí ó bá túmọ̀ sí ìpàdánù '''ọlá-aládé''' Yorùbá. AG tẹnu mọ́ ọn pé Lágoòsì gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ìdánimọ̀ pátápátá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlú Yorùbá láìsí ìpàdánù ìdánimọ̀, ìṣàkóso tàbí òmìnira kankan láti ọwọ́ Yorùbá. Láìka ipò yìí sí, '''National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC)''' ní ìfẹ́ àfojúsùn láti polongo Lágoòsì, nítorí pé ó jẹ́ "Agbègbè Olú-ìlú Àpapọ̀" gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ilẹ̀ tí kò sí tí ẹnìkankan," ìpolongo tí ó dá bí pé ó bínú AG, èyí tí ó funni láti ṣèrànwọ́ láti fún ìdàgbàsókè agbègbè mìíràn ní Nàìjíríà gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''"Agbègbè Olú-ìlú Àpapọ̀"''' àti lẹ́yìn náà halẹ̀ ìyapa kúrò ní Nàìjíríà tí kò bá gbà ọ̀nà tirẹ̀. Ìhalẹ̀ Ìyapa àti Ìkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀. Ìhalẹ̀ ìyapa láti ọwọ́ AG ni a gbé kalẹ̀, títìwé sílẹ̀, tí a sì gbé kalẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àpéjọ ìbágbé-òfin, pẹ̀lú àpéjọ ìbágbé-òfin tí ó wáyé ní Lọ́ndọ̀n ní ọdún 1954 pẹ̀lú ìbéèrè pé kí ẹ̀tọ́ ìyapa di mímúlẹ̀ nínú òfin orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tuntun láti gba apá kankan nínú orílẹ̀-èdè tuntun láyè láti jáde kúrò ní Nàìjíríà, tí ó bá ṣe dandan. Ètò ìgbani sílẹ̀ yìí fún ìfi-ẹ̀tọ́ ìyapa sílẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn agbègbè ní Nàìjíríà olómìnira ni NCNC kọ̀, èyí tí ó fi agbára rọ fún orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà ní ìṣọ̀kan/ọ̀kan ṣoṣo, nítorí ó rí ipesé ìgbani sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò dára fún ìdásílẹ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kanṣoṣo. Ní ojú ìtakò tí ó dúró ṣinṣin láti ọwọ́ àwọn aṣojú NCNC, tí àwọn NPC tẹ̀lé lẹ́yìn, tí àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì sì tì lẹ́yìn pẹ̀lú ìhalẹ̀ láti ka ìdádúró ìfi-ẹ̀tọ́ ìyapa sílẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ AG gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwà ọ̀tẹ̀, AG ni a fi ipá mú láti kọ ipò rẹ̀ nípa ìfi-ẹ̀tọ́ ìyapa sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú òfin Nàìjíríà. Tí irú ìpèsè bẹ́ẹ̀ bá ti wà nínú òfin Nàìjíríà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ó tẹ̀lé e tí ó yọrí sí ogun abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà/Biafra lè ti yẹra fún. Ìṣọ̀kan kí ó tó di òmìnira láàárín NCNC àti NPC lòdì sí àwọn ìfẹ́ AG yóò wá ṣeto ipò fún ìṣàkóso ìṣèlú Nàìjíríà olómìnira láti ọwọ́ NCNC/NPC, èyí tí yóò yọrí sí ìparun ní àwọn ọdún tó tẹ̀lé e ní Nàìjíríà.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022278x00023909</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), p. 3. "On 31st March 1953, Anthony Enaharo of the Action Group (AG) tabled a motion in the House of Representatives in Lagos which called for independence in 1956. The National Congress of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), which had earlier committed itself to a 1956 independence date, during its annual party convention held in Kano in August 1951, supported the Enahoro motion, while the Northern People's Congress (NPC) rejected it out of hand. Instead, the NPC sought an amendment to the motion and advocated independence 'as soon as practicable.'"</ref><ref>Madiebo, Alex (1980). ''The Nigerian Revolution and the Biafran War''. Fourth Dimension Publishers.</ref> Ìdádúró laarin Àríwá àti Gúúsù kọ́kọ́ hàn ní ìjà ẹ̀gbẹ́-ẹ̀gbẹ́ tí ó wáyé ní Jos ní ọdún 1945 àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan sí ní ọjọ́ Kìíní oṣù Karùn-ún, ọdún 1953, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjà tí ó wáyé ní ìlú Kano ní Àríwá. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú sábà máa ń gbájúmọ́ gbígbékalẹ̀ agbára ní àwọn agbègbè tiwọn, èyí tó yọrí sí àìṣọ̀kan àti ìdàpọ̀ nínú ìjọba àpapọ̀.<ref>[[doi:10.1017/S0022278X00024976|Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 159448. S2CID 154565379]]</ref><ref>Kirk-Greene, ''The Genesis of the Nigerian Civil War'' (1975), p. 9. "It slipped several more notches after the vulgarity of the Lagos mob – con mutunci, personal humiliation through public abuse, is to the Hausa a worse offense than physical assault – and the Kano riots. If 1953 was to become one of the Biafran points of no return because of the slaughter of Ibos in Kano, it had never been anything less in the NPC demonology of the South because of their treatment by politicians and proletariat alike in Lagos."</ref><ref>Kirk-Greene, ''The Genesis of the Nigerian Civil War'' (1975), p. 9. "It slipped several more notches after the vulgarity of the Lagos mob – con mutunci, personal humiliation through public abuse, is to the Hausa a worse offense than physical assault – and the Kano riots. If 1953 was to become one of the Biafran points of no return because of the slaughter of Ibos in Kano, it had never been anything less in the NPC demonology of the South because of their treatment by politicians and proletariat alike in Lagos."</ref> Ní ọdún 1946, àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pín Agbègbè Gúúsù sí Agbègbè Ìwọ̀-oòrùn àti Agbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn. Ìjọba kọ̀ọ̀kan ní ẹ̀tọ́ láti kó owó-ọrọ̀ (royalties) láti àwọn orísun tí a ti mú jáde láti agbègbè rẹ̀. Èyí yí padà ní ọdún 1956 nígbà tí Shell-BP rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ epo rọ̀bì ní agbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn. Ìgbìmọ̀ kan tí Sir Jeremy Raisman àti Ronald Tress dári pinnu pé owó-ọrọ̀ orísun yóò wọ "Account Owó Pínpín" báyìí, pẹ̀lú owó tí a pín láàárín àwọn apá ìjọba tó yàtọ̀: * 50% sí agbègbè tí ó ti wá, * 20% sí ìjọba àpapọ̀, àti * 30% sí àwọn agbègbè mìíràn. Láti rí i dájú pé ipa wọn dúró ṣinṣin, ìjọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì gbìyànjú láti fi ìṣọ̀kan sí àpapọ̀ Àríwá àti àwọn ìmọ̀lára ìyapa láàárín àwọn agbègbè Gúúsù méjèèjì. Ìjọba Nàìjíríà, lẹ́yìn òmìnira, gbé ìrísí ìjà lárugẹ ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn pẹ̀lú ìdásílẹ̀ Agbègbè Àárín-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn tuntun ní agbègbè tí ó ní epo rọ̀bì tó pọ̀.Òfin tuntun ti ọdún 1946 tún kéde pé "Gbogbo ohun-ìní àti ìṣàkóso gbogbo epo àlùmọ́nì, nínú, lábẹ́, tàbí lórí ilẹ̀ kankan, ní Nàìjíríà, àti ti gbogbo odò, àwọn ìṣàn omi, àti àwọn ibi omi káàkiri Nàìjíríà, wà àti pé yóò wà lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso Ọba." Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì jèrè púpọ̀ láti ìgbèrú àyọlé Nàìjíríà ní ìlọ́po márùn-ún láàárín ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lẹ́yìn ogun.<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), pp. 115–116.</ref><ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), pp. 116–117. "In the struggle over the national wealth, control depended on who dominated the government at the centre. With Southern Nigeria virtually split into two, the North, which was now by far the largest region, had the upper hand. British Colonial Officers also encouraged it to promote the philosophy of one North in order to maintain its political control. ... In an attempt to weaken the opposition the ruling coalition (NPC and NCNC) sponsored a crisis within the Western Region parliament culminating in the declaration of a State of Emergency in the Region in 1962. In 1963, the Western Region was further split into two. This effectively separated the core Yoruba group from the minorities. Interestingly, the new Mid-Western Region, dominated by minorities also had prospects for oil exploration."</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), p. 11</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), pp. 19–20. "But Nigeria was still a British colony, with a political economy that existed principally to serve British interests."</ref> == Òmìnira àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Kíní (First Republic) == Nàìjíríà gba òmìnira rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ Kìíní oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1960. Lẹ́yìn èyí, Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Kíní wá sí ìmúṣẹ ní ọjọ́ Kìíní oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1963. [[Alákòóso àgbà|Alákòóso Àgbà]] àkọ́kọ́ ti Nàìjíríà, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, jẹ́ ọmọ Àríwá àti ọ̀kan nínú àwọn olùdásílẹ̀ Northern People's Congress (NPC). Ó dá ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), àti olórí olókìkí wọn, Nnamdi "Zik" Azikiwe, ẹni tí ó di Gómìnà Gbogbogbò àti lẹ́yìn náà Ààrẹ. Ẹgbẹ́ [[Action Group]] (AG) tí wọ́n jẹ́ ti Yorùbá, ẹgbẹ́ kẹta tó lágbára jù lọ, ni ó kópa bí ẹgbẹ́ alatako.<ref>Pierri, "A New Entry into the World Oil Market" (2013), p. 109.</ref> Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ di àwọn tí kò tẹ́ lọ́rùn sí i nípa ìwọ̀n owó iṣẹ́ tí kò tóye àti ipò iṣẹ́ tí kò dára, pàápàá nígbà tí wọ́n bá fi ipò tiwọn wé sí ìgbé ayé àwọn òṣèlú ní ìlú Lágoòsì. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn tí ó ń gbówó iṣẹ́ gbé ní agbègbè Lágoòsì, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sì gbé nínú àwọn ilé tí ó kún fọ́fọ́, tí ó sì léwu. Ìgbòkègbòdò àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbógungbòdì, di tí ó lágbára sí i ní ọdún 1963, tí ó sì parí sí ìgbógungbòdì gbogbogbò tí ó gbòòrò káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè ní oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1964. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí ó gbógun ti ìlànà ìkẹyìn láti padà sí iṣẹ́, ní àkókò kan, ni àwọn ọlọ́pàá rògbòdìyàn tú ká. Níkẹ̀yìn, wọ́n yégé nínú gbígba àfikún owó iṣẹ́. Ìgbógungbòdì náà pẹ̀lú àwọn ènìyàn láti gbogbo àwọn ẹ̀yà.<ref>Diamond, ''Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria'' (1988), chapter 6: "The 1964 General Strike" (pp. 162–189).</ref><ref>Nkoku, ''A Tragedy Without Heroes'' (1987), p. 4. "The general resentment against a corrupt and stagnant regime continued. The Army as part of the population was not sympathetic to the government. Workers were urging the soldiers, whom they saw guarding the strategic places, to overthrow the government. Some angry workers spat on the troops. / Markets close to Army barracks purposely raised prices of foodstuffs in order to infuriate the troops. ... It was feared that the workers would overthrow the government. They could have very easily done it had they realised their strength and remained united. At the height of the strike, only one platoon – thirty men – was the Army reserve, and it had no transports and no wireless sets. The army was in a state of near mutiny."</ref> Ìdìbò ọdún 1964, tí ó ní ìpolongo gbígbóná ní gbogbo ọdún, mú kí àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹ̀yà àti ti agbègbè wá sí iwájú. Ìbínú sí àwọn òṣèlú pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ajìpolongo sì bẹ̀rù fún ẹ̀mí wọn nígbà tí wọ́n ń rìn ìrìnàjò káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè. A fi Ológun ránṣẹ́ léraléra sí Agbègbè Tiv, wọ́n pa ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ènìyàn, wọ́n sì mú ẹgbẹ̀rún-ùn àwọn èniyàn Tiv tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú fún òmìnira ara ẹni.<ref>Diamond, ''Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria'' (1988), chapter 7: "The 1964 Federal Election Crisis" (pp. 190–247).</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), p. 36. "In the middle belt, the Tiv were in open revolt against the NPC government in Kaduna. Well-organised groups of the opposition UMBC attacked opponents, and easily identifiable state officials and institutions, especially those associated with law and order. Scores of police, members of the judiciary and tax officials were killed, while several police posts, courthouses and local government establishments were destroyed during the campaign. Altogether hundreds of civilians died during the emergency, many of whom had been killed by the police during a scorched earth counter-insurgency operation. While the deployment of the military ultimately suppressed the uprising, the political demands for Tiv self-government went unheeded."</ref> Àwọn ìròyìn gbogbo gbò nípa ẹ̀tan ba òtítọ́ ìdìbò náà jẹ́. Àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-oòrùn pàápàá kórìíra ìṣàkóso ìṣèlú tí Northern People's Congress (NPC) fi ń ṣe, níbi tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olùdíje wọn ti díje láìsí alátako nínú ìdìbò náà. Ìwà ipá tàn káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè, àwọn kan sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní sá kúrò ní Àríwá àti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, àwọn mìíràn lọ sí Dahomey. Ìṣàkóso tí ó hàn gbangba ti ètò ìṣèlú láti ọwọ́ Àríwá, àti rúkèrúdò tí ó ń bẹ́ sílẹ̀ káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè, ni ó mú kí àwọn kan nínú àwọn ológun rò pé ó yẹ kí wọ́n gbé ìgbésẹ̀ tó pinnu.<ref>Diamond, ''Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria'' (1988), chapter 7: "The 1964 Federal Election Crisis" (pp. 190–247).</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), pp. 36–40. "A virtual state of civil war prevailed as rival political groups attacked each other, killing, maiming and burning. Thousands of people fled to the neighboring Benin Republic (then called Dahomey) into exile."</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), p. 40. "There was now a popular and mass opposition to a regime which the majority of the west's electorate felt had been imposed on them by the NPC. / There were also rumblings in the military over the violence in the west, and most importantly the Balwea government's inability to deal with the situation. For quite a while, but particularly since the December 1964 bogus elections, sections of the middle-ranking officer corps had been extremely incensed by the larceny and absolutism of the NPC rule, some of whose features had also affected the military itself in various fundamental ways. The fact that Nigeria appeared to be stuck indefinitely in an NPC, north-dominated political quagmire provided the impetus for the military coup d'état that occurred in the country in January 1966."</ref> Ìdìbò ọdún 1964, tí ó ní àwọn ìpolongo tó lágbára ní gbogbo ọdún, mú kí àwọn ìyàtọ̀ láàárín àwọn ẹ̀yà àti agbègbè wá sí ìtẹnu mọ́. Ìbínú sí àwọn olóṣèlú pọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ajìpolongo sì bẹ̀rù fún ààbò wọn nígbà tí wọ́n ń rìn ìrìnàjò káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè. A fi Ológun ránṣẹ́ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbà sí Agbègbè Tiv, wọ́n pa ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ènìyàn, wọ́n sì mú ẹgbẹ̀rún-ùn àwọn èniyàn Tiv tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú fún òmìnira ara ẹni.<ref>Diamond, ''Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria'' (1988), chapter 7: "The 1964 Federal Election Crisis" (pp. 190–247).</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), p. 36. "In the middle belt, the Tiv were in open revolt against the NPC government in Kaduna. Well-organised groups of the opposition UMBC attacked opponents, and easily identifiable state officials and institutions, especially those associated with law and order. Scores of police, members of the judiciary and tax officials were killed, while several police posts, courthouses and local government establishments were destroyed during the campaign. Altogether hundreds of civilians died during the emergency, many of whom had been killed by the police during a scorched earth counter-insurgency operation. While the deployment of the military ultimately suppressed the uprising, the political demands for Tiv self-government went unheeded."</ref> Àwọn ìròyìn kíkún nípa ẹ̀tan ba òtítọ́ ìdìbò ọdún 1964 jẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà. Àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-oòrùn kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ fẹ́ràn ìṣàkóso ìṣèlú tí ẹgbẹ́ Northern People's Congress (NPC) fi ń ṣe, níbi tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olùdíje wọn ti díje láìsí alátako nínú ìdìbò náà. Èyí fa ìbínú àti àìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé kún àwọn ènìyàn. Ìwà ipá tàn káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè, díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ènìyàn bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní sá kúrò ní Àríwá àti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, àwọn kan sì sá lọ sí Dahomey (tí a mọ̀ sí Benin báyìí). Ìṣàkóso tí ó hàn gbangba ti ètò ìṣèlú láti ọwọ́ Àríwá, àti rúkèrúdò tí ó ń bẹ́ sílẹ̀ káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè, ni ó mú kí àwọn kan nínú ológun rò pé ó yẹ kí wọ́n gbé ìgbésẹ̀ tó pinnu. Èyí tọ́ka sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí yóò yọrí sí ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba ní Nàìjíríà.<ref>Diamond, ''Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria'' (1988), chapter 7: "The 1964 Federal Election Crisis" (pp. 190–247).</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), pp. 36–40. "A virtual state of civil war prevailed as rival political groups attacked each other, killing, maiming and burning. Thousands of people fled to the neighboring Benin Republic (then called Dahomey) into exile."</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), p. 40. "There was now a popular and mass opposition to a regime which the majority of the west's electorate felt had been imposed on them by the NPC. / There were also rumblings in the military over the violence in the west, and most importantly the Balwea government's inability to deal with the situation. For quite a while, but particularly since the December 1964 bogus elections, sections of the middle-ranking officer corps had been extremely incensed by the larceny and absolutism of the NPC rule, some of whose features had also affected the military itself in various fundamental ways. The fact that Nigeria appeared to be stuck indefinitely in an NPC, north-dominated political quagmire provided the impetus for the military coup d'état that occurred in the country in January 1966."</ref> Yàtọ̀ sí ànfàní tí Shell-BP ń jẹ látinú epo rọ̀bì, àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tún ń jèrè láti iṣẹ́ ìwakùsà àti òwò. United Africa Company (UAC), tí ó jẹ́ ti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nìkan ló ń ṣàkóso ìdá mọ́kànlélógójì pẹlu mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́wàá (41.3%) gbogbo òwò àjèjì Nàìjíríà. Pẹ̀lú bí Nàìjíríà ṣe ń mú agba epo rọ̀bì 516,000 jáde lójoojúmọ́, ó ti di orílẹ̀-èdè kẹwàá tó ga jù lọ ní àgbáyé nínú ìtajà epo rọ̀bì. Èyí fi hàn bí ọrọ̀ ajé Nàìjíríà ṣe wọ́n lójú àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní àkókò yẹn.<ref>"Thus northern privilege and political hegemony became the dual ''internal'' lever with which the United Kingdom used in reinforcing its control of Nigeria's economy in the early years of independence. On the eve of the coup, the United Kingdom's success story was phenomenal. Apart from South Africa, Nigeria was the site of the United Kingdom's highest economic and industrial investment in Africa with a total worth of £1.5 billion. The British government controlled a near-50 per cent shares in Shell-BP (the predominant oil prospecting company in Nigeria) and 60 per cent shares in the Amalgamated Tin Mining (Nigeria) Ltd., a major prospecting tin, cobalt and iron ore mining company. In the non-mining sector of the economy, John Holt and Company, Ltd., owned by a British family, was one of the two largest in the country, with branches located in the principal towns and cities. The United Africa Company (UAC), another British enterprise, accounted for about 41.3 per cent of Nigeria's entire import and export trade."</ref><ref>Pierri, "A New Entry into the World Oil Market" (2013), p. 116.</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Ẹgbẹ́ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ti jà fún Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní àti Èkejì, ogun tí Nàìjíríà jogún nígbà tí ó gbòmìnira ní ọdún 1960 jẹ́ agbára ààbò inú tí a ṣe àti tí a kọ́ fún láti ran àwọn ọlọ́pàá lọ́wọ́ láti tẹ àwọn ìpèníjà sí agbára mọ́lẹ̀, kàkàbẹ́rẹ́ jú láti jagun. Òpìtàn ilẹ̀ Íńdíà, Pradeep Barua, pe Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1960 ní "agbára ọlọ́pàá tí a ti fi tọ́wọ́ sí", àti lẹ́yìn òmìnira pàápàá, àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà tẹnu mọ́ ipa tí wọ́n ní lábẹ́ àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní àwọn ọdún 1950. Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kò ṣe ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní pápá, ó sì kò ní ohun ìjà tí ó wọ̀n. Ṣáájú ọdún 1948, kò gba àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà láyè láti di alákòóso ọmọ ogun (officer's commissions), ó sì jẹ́ ní ọdún 1948 nìkan ni a gba àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ní ìrètí láyè láti lọ sí Sandhurst fún ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ alákòóso, ní àkókò kan náà, a gba àwọn NCOs Nàìjíríà láyè láti di alákòóso tí wọ́n bá parí ẹ̀kọ́ ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ alákòóso ní Mons Hall tàbí Eaton Hall ní Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ṣe àtúnṣe, ìdá méjì nìkan ni ó gba ipò alákòóso lọ́dọọdún láàárín ọdún 1948 sí 1955, àti méje nìkan lọ́dọọdún láti 1955 sí 1960. Ní àkókò òmìnira ní ọdún 1960, nínú àwọn alákòóso 257 tí wọ́n ń dárí Nigeria Regiment tí ó di Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà, 57 nìkan ni ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nàìjíríà.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 20</ref><ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 22</ref> Nípa lílo ẹ̀kọ́ "àwọn ẹ̀yà akínkanjú" tí wọ́n kọ́kọ́ dá sílẹ̀ lábẹ́ ìjọba Raj ní Íńdíà ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, ìjọba amúnisìn ti pinnu pé àwọn ènìyàn láti àríwá Nàìjíríà bíi Hausa, Tiv, àti Kanuri ni àwọn "ẹ̀yà akínkanjú" tí wọ́n lágbára, tí wọ́n sì ń fún ni níṣìírí láti wọ inú iṣẹ́ ológun. Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, àwọn ènìyàn láti gúúsù Nàìjíríà bíi Igbo àti Yorùbá ni a kà sí àwọn tí kò lágbára tó láti jẹ́ ọmọ ogun tó dára, nítorí náà, a kò fún wọn níṣìírí láti wọ iṣẹ́ ológun.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 21</ref> Nítorí èyí, ní ọdún 1958, àwọn ọkùnrin láti àríwá Nàìjíríà jẹ́ ìdá méjìlélọ́gọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (62%) nínú Ẹgbẹ́ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà, nígbà tí àwọn ọkùnrin láti gúúsù àti ìwọ̀-oòrùn jẹ́ ìdá mẹ́rìndínlógójì nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (36%) nìkan. Ní ọdún 1958, ìlànà náà yí padà: láti ìgbà yẹn lọ, àwọn ọkùnrin láti àríwá yóò jẹ́ ìdá àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) àwọn ọmọ ogun nìkan, nígbà tí àwọn ọkùnrin láti gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn àti gúúsù ìwọ̀-oòrùn yóò jẹ́ ìdá mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (25%) kọ̀ọ̀kan. A tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà tuntun náà lẹ́yìn òmìnira. Àwọn ará àríwá tí a ti fi ojú rere wò tẹ́lẹ̀, tí wọ́n sì ti di agbéraga nítorí pé àwọn aláṣẹ wọn ti sọ fún wọn pé àwọn ni àwọn "ẹ̀yà akínkanjú" tí wọ́n lágbára, kò fẹ́ràn ìyípadà nínú àwọn ìlànà ìkópa ọmọ ogun rárá, pàápàá nítorí lẹ́yìn òmìnira ní ọdún 1960, àwọn ànfàní wà fún àwọn ọkùnrin Nàìjíríà láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aláṣẹ tí kò tíì wà ṣáájú òmìnira. Bí ó ti jẹ́ pé àwọn ọkùnrin láti gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn àti gúúsù ìwọ̀-oòrùn ní ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára ju àwọn ọkùnrin láti àríwá lọ, ó pọ̀ sí i pé wọ́n yóò di àwọn aláṣẹ nínú Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà tuntun, èyí tí ó fa ìbínú sí i láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ará àríwá.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 23</ref> Ní àkókò kan náà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan ti ìlànà Nigerianization, ìjọba ní ètò láti rán àwọn aláṣẹ British tí wọ́n ti wà lẹ́yìn òmìnira padà sí ilé, nípa gbígba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà sí ipò agbára, títí tí ó fi di ọdún 1966, kò sí àwọn aláṣẹ British mọ́. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan ti ìlànà Nigerianization, a dín àwọn ìlànà ẹ̀kọ́ fún àwọn aláṣẹ kù ní púpọ̀ pẹ̀lú oyè ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga nìkan tí ó ṣe dandan fún ipò aláṣẹ. Ní àkókò kan náà, Nigerianization yọrí sí agbára aláṣẹ tí ó kéré jù lọ, tí ó kún fún àwọn ọkùnrin tí ó ní ìfẹ́-ọkàn tí wọ́n kò fẹ́ràn àwọn tó jáde láti Sandhurst tí wọ́n ṣiṣẹ́ ní ipò àgbà bí ìdènà fún àwọn ànfàní ìgbéga sí i.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) pp. 22–24</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ àwọn aláṣẹ Igbo kan dá ète kan sílẹ̀ láti yí ìjọba padà, wọ́n rí Alákòóso Àgbà Àríwá, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí a fẹ̀sùn kàn pé ó ń ja ọrọ̀ epo rọ̀bì ní gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 9</ref> === Ìwọ̀fà-Ìjọba Ológun === Ní ọjọ́ Kẹẹ̀dógún oṣù Kìíní ọdún 1966, Màjò Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, Màjò Emmanuel Ifeajuna, àti àwọn ọ̀gágun kékeré mìíràn (pàápàá àwọn màjò àti káptẹ́nì) gbìyànjú ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba. Àwọn olórí òṣèlú pàtàkì méjì ti àríwá, Alákòóso Àgbà, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, àti Ààrẹ agbègbè àríwá, Sir Ahmadu Bello, ni Màjò Nzeogwu pa. Wọ́n tún pa ìyàwó Bello àti àwọn ọ̀gágun tó jẹ́ ọmọ Àríwá. Ààrẹ, Sir Nnamdi Azikiwe, tí ó jẹ́ Igbo, wà ní ìsinmi gígùn ní West Indies. Kò padà dé títí di ọjọ́ mélòó kan lẹ́yìn ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba náà. Ìfojúsùn gbogbo gbò wà pé àwọn tí wọ́n gbìmọ̀ ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba tí wọ́n jẹ́ Igbo ti fún òun àti àwọn olórí Igbo mìíràn ní ìmọ̀ nípa ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba tí ó ń bọ̀. Yàtọ̀ sí pípa àwọn olórí òṣèlú Àríwá, a tún pa Ààrẹ agbègbè Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, Ladoke Akintola àti àwọn ọ̀gágun Yorùbá tó ga. Wọ́n ti ṣàpèjúwe "Ìwọ̀fà-Ìjọba Àwọn Màjò Márùn-ún" yìí ní àwọn apá kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba ìyípadà kan ṣoṣo ní Nàìjíríà.<ref>Alexander Madiebo (1980) ''The Nigerian Revolution and the Nigerian Civil War''; Fourth Dimension Publishers, Enugu.</ref> Èyí ni ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìgbé ayé kúkúrú ti ìṣèjọba tiwa-n-tiwa kejì tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà. Àwọn ìtakòròyìn ẹ̀tan nínú ìdìbò jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ìdí tí àwọn tí wọ́n gbìmọ̀ ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba fi sọ. Yàtọ̀ sí pípa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn aṣáájú Nàìjíríà, ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba náà tún rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olórí Ọmọ Ogun Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n pa, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀gágun méje tí wọ́n ní ipò ju kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀lì lọ. Nínú àwọn ọ̀gágun méje tí wọ́n pa, mẹ́rin jẹ́ ọmọ Àríwá, méjì jẹ́ láti gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn, àti ọ̀kan láti Àárín-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn. Ọ̀kan péré ló jẹ́ Igbo.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 9</ref> Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, àwọn apá mìíràn ní Nàìjíríà kò ka ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba yìí sí ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba ìyípadà, pàápàá ní apá Àríwá àti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, àti láti ọwọ́ àwọn atúnṣe ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn náà. Díẹ̀ rò, pàápàá láti apá Ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà, pé àwọn màjò náà fẹ́ gbé olórí Action Group, Obafemi Awolowo, jáde kúrò ní àtìmọ́lé kí wọ́n sì fi ṣe olórí ìjọba tuntun. Èrò wọn ni láti tú agbára ìṣèlú tí Àríwá ti jẹ́ olórí, ṣùgbọ́n gbogbo ìgbìyànjú wọn láti gba agbára kò yegé. Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, tí ó jẹ́ Igbo àti olórí ológun Nàìjíríà tí ó jẹ́ adúróṣinṣin, fi agbára mú àwọn iṣẹ́ ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba mọ́lẹ̀ ní Gúúsù, a sì kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí orílẹ̀-èdè ní ọjọ́ Kẹrindínlógún oṣù Kìíní lẹ́yìn tí àwọn màjò náà juwọ́ sílẹ̀. Níkẹ̀yìn, àwọn màjò náà kò ní agbára láti ṣe àṣeyọrí ète ìṣèlú yìí. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba wọn ti ọjọ́ Kẹẹ̀dógún oṣù Kìíní yegé ní gbígbà ìṣàkóso ìṣèlú ní àríwá, ó kùnà ní gúúsù, pàápàá ní agbègbè ológun Lágoòsì-Ìbàdàn-Àbẹ́òkú níbi tí àwọn ọmọ ogun adúróṣinṣin tí Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, olórí ogun, dári ti yegé nínú gbígbé ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà mọ́lẹ̀. Yàtọ̀ sí Ifeajuna tí ó sá kúrò ní orílẹ̀-èdè lẹ́yìn ìkùnà ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba wọn, àwọn màjò méjì mìíràn ti oṣù Kìíní, àti àwọn ọ̀gágun mìíràn tí ó kópa nínú ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà, wá juwọ́ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn Aṣáájú Ológun adúróṣinṣin, a sì wá fi wọ́n sẹ́wọ̀n nígbà tí ìwádìí ìjọba àpapọ̀ nípa ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), pp. 52–55.</ref><ref>''Nigerian Civil War''; Fourth Dimension Publishers, Enugu.</ref> Aguyi-Ironsi fìdí òfin dúró, ó sì fagi lé ilé-ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin (parliament). Ó fagi lé ètò ìjọba àpapọ̀ agbègbè tí ó wà tẹ́lẹ̀, ó sì tẹ̀lé àwọn ìlànà ìṣọ̀kan tí NCNC fẹ́ràn, ó sì hàn gbangba pé ìmọ̀ ìṣèlú NCNC ló nípa lórí rẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ó yan Kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀l Hassan Katsina, ọmọ ọba Katsina, Usman Nagogo, láti ṣàkóso Agbègbè Àríwá, èyí tí ó fi hàn pé ó ní ìfẹ́ sí àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ yẹn. Ó tún dá àwọn òṣèlú Àríwá sílẹ̀ nínú túbú (èyí tí ó jẹ́ kí wọ́n gbìmọ̀ láti yí òun padà láyé). Aguyi-Ironsi kọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìrànlọ́wọ́ ológun tí àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì fúnni, ṣùgbọ́n ó ṣe ìlérí láti dáàbò bo àwọn ohun tí ó jẹ́ ànfàní fún àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.<ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), p. 55. "But perhaps, most importantly, Aguyi-Ironsi's choice of Colonel Hassan Usman Katsina, the son of the powerful emir of Katsina as the governor of the north, was the clearest signal to the north, and the rest of the country, that his government would not undermine the north's two decades of political hegemony in the federation. Aguyi-Ironsi had already said as much in a number of contacts he made with northern leaders, including the Sultan of Sokoto, soon after the failed majors' coup. Although he had no qualms regarding ignoring the West and leaving in jail the leader of the AG (Obafemi Awolowo), he was anxious to reassure the north of the good intentions of his regime, especially in the light of the deaths of Bello and Balewa during the coup attempt."</ref><ref>Ekwe-Ekwe, ''The Biafra War'' (1990), pp. 55–56. "In fact to underscore Ironsi's goodwill to the north, the new head of state ordered the release of most northern politicians from detention by February (1966), without a reciprocal gesture to their southern counterparts. The released northerners took up positions in the various local government administration in the emirats and, ironically, had ample opportunity to plan and execute the massacre of Igbo civilians living in the north, first in May, 1966, and later in July 1966, which were coupled with the overthrow and murder of Aguyi-Ironsi himself (ironically enough, soon after Aguyi-Ironsi completed a conference with northern emirs), and scores of Igbo military personnel, and the September–October 1966 phase of the pogrom which brought the grisly tally of Igbo killed to 80,000 – 100,000 and the expulsion of 2 million others from the north and elsewhere in the federation."</ref> Ironsi kò mú àwọn tí wọ́n gbìmọ̀ ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba tí kò yegé lọ sí ilé ẹjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí òfin ológun ti nílò, àti bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọ̀gágun Àríwá àti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ṣe gbani nímọ̀ràn. Kàkà bẹ́ẹ̀, a gbé àwọn tí wọ́n gbìmọ̀ ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba sílẹ̀ nínú ológun pẹ̀lú owó-oṣù kíkún, àwọn kan sì tún gbega sí ipò gíga nígbà tí wọ́n ń dúró de ìgbẹ́jọ́. Ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba náà, láìka àwọn ìkùnà rẹ̀ sí, ni ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ rò pé ó jẹ́ ànfàní fún àwọn ènìyàn Igbo ní àkọ́kọ́, nítorí pé àwọn tí wọ́n gbìmọ̀ náà kò rí ìyọrísí búburú fún ìṣe wọn, kò sì sí olórí òṣèlú Igbo tó lágbára kan tí ó nípa lórí. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn tí ó ṣe ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba náà jẹ́ ọmọ Àríwá fún púpọ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn tí wọ́n mọ̀ pé wọ́n gbìmọ̀ náà jẹ́ Igbo. Ìṣàkóso ológun àti ìṣèlú ti àwọn agbègbè Ìwọ̀-oòrùn àti Àríwá ni a ti fi agbára mú kúrò, nígbà tí ìṣàkóso ológun/ìṣèlú ti Ìlà-oòrùn kò nípa lórí rẹ̀ rárá. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, a rò pé Ironsi, tí òun náà jẹ́ Igbo, ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbìyànjú láti tẹ́ àwọn ará Àríwá lọ́rùn. Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tí ó tún mú àwọn ìfojúsùn "ẹ̀tan Igbo" pọ̀ sí i ni pípa àwọn olórí Àríwá, àti pípa ìyàwó aláboyún Bírígàdì Gẹ́nẹ́rà Ademulegun láti ọwọ́ àwọn tí ó ṣe ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba náà. Láàárín àwọn ènìyàn Igbo, ìhùwàsí sí ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba náà jẹ́ oríṣiríṣi.<ref>Anwunah, Patrick A. (2007). ''The Nigeria-Biafra War (1967–1970): my memoirs''. Ibadan: Spectrum. p. 328. ISBN <bdi>978-978-029-651-3</bdi>. <q>The Igbos failed as a people to disassociate themselves from the bloody killings of 15 January 1966. What the Igbos did or failed to do, fuelled the fears and suspicions that all Igbos supported the Coup of 15 January 1966. In actual fact, some Igbos liked the coup whilst others did not.</q></ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjákulẹ̀ wà nínú ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba tí àwọn ọmọ ogun Àríwá jù lọ ṣe (bíi John Atom Kpera, tí ó wá di gómìnà ológun ìpínlẹ̀ Benue lẹ́yìn náà), pípa ọmọ ogun Igbo Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Unegbe láti ọwọ́ àwọn tí ó ṣe ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba, àti bí Ironsi ṣe fòpin sí ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba tí Igbo dári, bí Ironsi ṣe dá ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba náà dúró ní ìrọ̀rùn mú kí ìfojúsùn wà pé àwọn tí wọ́n gbìmọ̀ ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba Igbo ti gbìmọ̀ láti ìgbà pípẹ́ láti fi àyè sílẹ̀ fún Ironsi láti gba agbára ní Nàìjíríà. Kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀l Odumegwu Ojukwu di gómìnà ológun Agbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn ní àkókò yìí. Ní ọjọ́ Kẹrìnlélógún oṣù Kárùn-ún, ọdún 1966, ìjọba ológun gbé Òfin Ìṣọ̀kan No. 34 jáde, èyí tí yóò ti fi ìjọba àpapọ̀ rọ́pò pẹ̀lú ètò tí ó ní ìṣàkóso lábùkù sí i. Àwọn Àríwá kò gbà òfin yìí rárá. Ní ojú ìgbòkègbòdò láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-ìwé ìròyìn Ìlà-oòrùn tí wọ́n fi àwọn àwòrán àti àwòrán àwọn òṣèlú Àríwá tí wọ́n pa hàn léraléra, ní òru ọjọ́ Kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje, ọdún 1966, àwọn ọmọ ogun Àríwá ní àwọn ibùdó Abeokuta ṣọ̀tẹ̀, nítorí náà, ó fa ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba kejì (counter-coup), tí ó ti wà ní ìgbìmọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ironsi wà ní ìbẹ̀wò sí Ìbàdàn ní àkókò ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ wọn, níbẹ̀ ni a sì pa òun (pẹ̀lú ẹni tí ó gbà á sílé, Adekunle Fajuyi).<ref>Pierri, "A New Entry into the World Oil Market" (2013), p. 115.</ref><ref>Pierri, "A New Entry into the World Oil Market" (2013), p. 115. "Instead, many Northerners were alarmed that the military era would lead to an Igbo domination, especially when on May 24, 1966, the government issued Unification Decree No. 34, through which the federation was abolished and replaced with a unitary system. To Northerners this meant nothing but Igbo domination, facing the prospect of being occupied and ruled by Southern military and civil servants and lacking the safeguard of being involved in the government according to ethnic group divisions."</ref> Ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba kejì yọrí sí gbígbé Lieutenant-Colonel Yakubu Gowon sí ipò Olórí Gbogbogbò ti Àwọn Agbára Ológun Nàìjíríà. Wọ́n yan Gowon gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Àríwá, Kristẹni, láti ẹ̀yà kékeré kan, ó sì ní orúkọ rere nínú ogun.<ref>Stevenson, "Capitol Gains" (2014), pp. 318–319.</ref> Ó dà bíi pé Gowon kò dojú kọ ìjà kadì pẹ̀lú Ìlà-oòrùn nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìhalẹ̀ ìyapa láti Àríwá àti Agbègbè Ìwọ̀-oòrùn pàápàá. Àwọn tí wọ́n gbìmọ̀ ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba kejì ti rò láti lo ànfàní náà láti jáde kúrò nínú ìjọba àpapọ̀ ara wọn. Àwọn aṣojú láti Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà, bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, rọ Gowon láti fi agbára mú gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè dúró. Gowon tẹ̀lé ètò yìí, ó fagi lé Òfin Ìṣọ̀kan, ó sì kéde ìpadàsílẹ̀ ètò àpapọ̀.<ref>Pierri, "A New Entry into the World Oil Market" (2013), pp. 115–116.</ref> === Inúnibíni sí Àwọn Igbo === Lẹ́yìn ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba oṣù Kìíní, àwọn Igbo ní Àríwá ni a fi ẹ̀sùn kàn pé wọ́n ń halẹ̀ mímú àwọn agbègbè wọn kẹ́gàn nípa ìpàdánù àwọn olórí wọn. Àpẹẹrẹ gbajúmọ̀ kan ni Celestine Ukwu, olórin Igbo tí ó lókìkí, tí ó gbé orin kan jáde tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ "Ewu Ne Ba Akwa" (Àwọn Ewúrẹ́ ń Súnkún) tí ó hàn gbangba pé ó ń fi Ahmadu Bello tí ó ti kú ṣẹ̀fẹ̀. Àwọn ìhalẹ̀ mímú kẹ́gàn wọ̀nyí gbòde kan débi pé ó yorí sí ìgbékalẹ̀ Òfin 44 ti ọdún 1966 tí ìjọba ológun fi gbẹ̀ṣẹ̀ lórí rẹ̀.<ref>Uko, Ndaeyo (2004). ''Romancing the Gun:'' https://books.google.com/books?id=Abm-v6wGWOQC&q=aguiyi+ironsi&pg=PA75</ref><ref>https://lawcarenigeria.com/defamatory-and-offensive-publications-act-1966/''LawCareNigeria''. 2 April 2020.</ref> Ààrẹ àkọ́kọ́ ti Nàìjíríà, Nnamdi Azikiwe, tí ó wà ní àjò nígbà ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba àkọ́kọ́, ṣàkíyèsí pé: "Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọmọ Igbo, tí wọ́n ń gbé ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà, halẹ̀ mímú àwọn ará Àríwá kẹ́gàn nípa sísọ̀rọ̀ búburú nípa àwọn olórí wọn nípasẹ̀ àwọn àwo orin tàbí orin tàbí àwọn àwòrán. Wọ́n tún tẹ àwọn ìwé kékeré àti àwọn kaadi póstì tí ó fi àwòrán àrà ọ̀tọ̀ ti àwọn ará Àríwá kan hàn, tí wọ́n wà láàyè tàbí tí wọ́n ti kú, ní ọ̀nà tí ó lè fa ìbínú."<ref>Azikiwe, Nnamdi (1969). https://books.google.com/books?id=lq4MAQAAIAAJ Nigerian National Press.</ref> Láti oṣù kẹfà sí oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1966, àwọn ìgbóguntì tó wáyé ní Àríwá pa àwọn Igbo tí ó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá (10,000) sí ọgbọ̀n ọ̀kẹ́ (30,000), ìdajì nínú wọn jẹ́ ọmọdé. Ó sì mú kí àwọn ènìyàn tó tó mílíọ̀nù kan (1,000,000) sí mílíọ̀nù méjì (2,000,000) sá lọ sí Agbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn.<ref>Heerten & Moses, ''The Nigeria–Biafra War'' (2014), p. 173. "Repeated outbursts of violence between June and October 1966 peaked in massacres against Igbos living in the ''Sabon Gari'', the 'foreigners' quarters' of northern Nigerian towns. According to estimates, these riots claimed the lives of tens of thousands. This violence drove a stream of more than a million refugees to the Eastern Region, the 'homeland' of the Igbos' diasporic community."</ref> Ọjọ́ Kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, ọdún 1966, ni a mọ̀ sí 'Ọjọ́bọ̀ Dúdú', nítorí pé ó jẹ́ ọjọ́ burúkú jù lọ nínú àwọn ìpakúpa náà.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra Civil War" (2014), p. 266. "Between May and September 1966, northerners murdered between 80,000 and 100,000 Igbos and other easterners resident in the Northern Region. The violence reached a climax with the massacres of 29 September 1966 ('Black Thursday'). Ojukwu had to deal with an influx to the east of between 700,000 and two million refugees. He responded by expelling thousands of non-easterners from the Eastern Region."</ref><ref>Chinua Achebe. ''There Was a Country'' (2012). New York: The Penguin Press. pp. 80–83, 122</ref> Onímọ̀ nípa orin-ẹ̀yà, Charles Keil, tí ó wà ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1966, sọ pé: Àwọn inúnibíni tí mo jẹ́rìí sí ní Makurdi, Nàìjíríà (ní òpin oṣù Kẹsàn-án 1966) ni ó ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ láti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ oṣù pẹ̀lú àwọn ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò gbígbóná lòdì sí Igbo àti Ìlà-oòrùn láàárín àwọn Tiv, Idoma, Hausa àti àwọn ará Àríwá mìíràn tí wọ́n ń gbé ní Makurdi. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìlú kan lẹ́yìn èkejì, àwọn ìpakúpa náà ni ogun Nàìjíríà dárí. Ṣáájú, nígbà tí ó sì tún jẹ́ lẹ́yìn ìpakúpa náà, a gbọ́ ohùn Kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀l Gowon lórí rédíò tí ó ń ṣe 'ìdánilójú ààbò' fún gbogbo àwọn ará Ìlà-oòrùn, gbogbo àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà. Ṣùgbọ́n èrò àwọn ọmọ ogun, agbára kan ṣoṣo tí ó kà ní Nàìjíríà nígbà náà tàbí nísinsìnyí, hàn gbangba, ó sì mú nínú jẹ́.<ref>Moses, A. Dirk; Heerten, Lasse (2018). ''Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide: The Nigeria-Biafra War 1967 – 1970''. New York:</ref> Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Murray Last, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìtàn kan tí ó wà ní ìlú Zaria ní ọjọ́ kejì lẹ́yìn ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba àkọ́kọ́ (January 1966), ṣàlàyé ìrírí rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ yẹn pé: Àti ní ọjọ́ kejì lẹ́yìn ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba – ọjọ́ Kẹrindínlógún oṣù Kìíní 1966 – ìtura púpọ̀ wà ní àkọ́kọ́ ní àgbègbè ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ABU (Ahmadu Bello University) tí ó yà mí lẹ́nu. Ó jẹ́ nígbà tó yá nìkan, nígbà tí mo ti ń gbé nínú ìlú Zaria (ní Babban Dodo), ni mo dojú kọ ìbínú nípa bí àwọn oníṣòwò Igbo (àti àwọn oníròyìn) ṣe ń fi àwọn alájọṣiṣẹ́ Hausa wọn ṣẹ̀fẹ̀ ní Sabon Gari ti Zaria lórí ikú 'baba' wọn. Wọ́n tún ń ti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ pápá mọ́tò kọ́ sí ẹ̀gbẹ́ ní àwọn ibi mìíràn, wọ́n ń sọ fún àwọn Hausa pé gbogbo òfin ti yí padà báyìí, àwọn Hausa sì ni wọ́n ti di abẹ́lẹ̀ ní ọjà tàbí pápá mọ́tò nísinsìnyí.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/496263-interview-why-every-nigerian-should-be-proud-of-the-sokoto-caliphate-prof-murray-last.html?tztc=1</ref> Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀ tún ṣe ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ fún '''ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé''' lórí Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn, èyí tí ó wá di èyí tí ó kún ní ọdún '''1967'''.<ref>Stevenson, ''Capitol Gains'' (2014), pp. 314–315. "In fact, the Federation's first response to Biafran secession was to deepen the blockade to include 'a blockade of the East's air and sea ports, a ban on foreign currency transactions, and a halt to all incoming post and telecommunications.' The Federation implemented its blockade so quickly during the war because it was a continuation of the policy from the year before."</ref> == Ìyapa == Àpapọ̀ àwọn asáásálà tí wọ́n rọ́ wọ Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn Nàìjíríà dá ipò líle kan sílẹ̀. Àwọn ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò gbígbòòrò wáyé láàárín Ojukwu, tí ó ṣojú Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn, àti Gowon, tí ó ṣojú ìjọba ológun àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà. Nínú Àdéhùn Aburi, tí a fi ìgbẹ̀yìn gbà ní Aburi, Ghana, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ náà gbà pé a óò fi ìjọba àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà tí ó fàyè gba òmìnira díẹ̀ sí i sílẹ̀. Gowon lọ́ra láti kéde àdéhùn náà, ó sì wá jáde kúrò nínú rẹ̀ níkẹ̀yìn.<ref>https://www.ipobinusa.org/restructuring-nigeria</ref> Ní ọjọ́ Kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kárùn-ún ọdún 1967, Gowon kéde pínpín Nàìjíríà sí ìpínlẹ̀ méjìlá. Òfin yìí pín Agbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn sí àwọn apá mẹ́ta: Ìpínlẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìlà-Oòrùn, Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers, àti Ìpínlẹ̀ Àárín-Ìlà-Oòrùn. Nísinsìnyí, àwọn Igbo, tí wọ́n pọ̀ jù lọ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Àárín-Ìlà-Oòrùn, yóò pàdánù ìṣàkóso lórí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ epo rọ̀bì, tí ó wà ní àwọn agbègbè méjì yòókù.<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), p. 123. "The oil revenue issue, however, came to a head when Gowon, on 27 May 1967, divided the country into twelve states. The Eastern Region was split into three states: South Eastern State, Rivers State and East Central State. This effectively excised the main oil-producing areas from the core Ibo state (East Central State). On 30 May 1967, Ojukwu declared independence and renamed the entire Eastern Region 'the Republic of Biafra'. As part of the effort to get the Biafran leadership to change its mind, the Federal government placed a shipping embargo on the territory."</ref><ref>Kirk-Greene, ''The Genesis of the Nigerian Civil War'' (1975), p. 6. "The final high water, and the greatest of flood tides, of this phase of Gowon's leadership came in May 1967 with his Decree – and only a no-nonsense, no-referendum military government could have effected overnight such a fundamental reversal of half a century of Nigeria's political history and administrative thinking – to replace the four Regions by twelve States. Whether Decree No. 14 was designed to forestall secession (would-be Biafra was now to consist of 3 states instead of the Eastern Region, two of them mischievously emphasising the East's long-contained minorities problem of Ibibio/Efik discontent and Calabar-Ogoja-Rivers separatism, and the third a landlocked, oil-less, overpopulated Ibo enclave) or whether it pushed Ojukwu into the final defiance of declaring a secessionist Republic remains a matter of argument. What remains unchallenged is the unequalled point of no return in Nigeria's history that the States Decree constitutes."</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 30 Oṣù Kárùn-ún, ọdún 1967, Ojukwu kéde òmìnira, ó sì tún sọ gbogbo Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn ní 'Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Biafra'. Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀ lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ fi ìdènà lé gbogbo ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí ń wọlé tí ó sì ń jáde láti Biafra—ṣùgbọ́n kì í ṣe àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí ó ń kó epo rọ̀bì.<ref>Stevenson, ''Capitol Gains'' (2014), pp. 314–315. "In fact, the Federation's first response to Biafran secession was to deepen the blockade to include 'a blockade of the East's air and sea ports, a ban on foreign currency transactions, and a halt to all incoming post and telecommunications.' The Federation implemented its blockade so quickly during the war because it was a continuation of the policy from the year before."</ref> Biafra tètè gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti kó owó-ọrọ̀ epo rọ̀bì láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo tí wọ́n ń ṣòwò nínú àwọn ààlà rẹ̀. Nígbà tí Shell-BP gbà sí ìbéèrè yìí ní òpin oṣù Kẹfà, Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ fẹ̀ ìdènà rẹ̀ sí i láti fi epo rọ̀bì kún. Ìdènà yìí, tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àjèjì gbà, kó ipa pàtàkì nínú bí a ṣe fi Biafra sínú ipò àléébù láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ogun náà.<ref>Heerten & Moses, "The Nigeria–Biafra War" (2014), p. 174. "The FMG's major strategic advantage was not its military force, but its diplomatic status: internationally recognised statehood. That the FMG could argue that it was a sovereign government facing an 'insurgency' was decisive. ... Nigeria's secured diplomatic status was also crucial for the most significant development in the war's early stages: the FMG's decision to blockade the secessionist state. To cut off Biafra's lines of communication with the outside world, air and sea ports were blockaded, foreign currency transactions banned, incoming mail and telecommunication blocked and international business obstructed. Even with its limited resources, Nigeria was able to organise a successful blockade without gaping holes or long interruptions—mostly because other governments or companies were ready to acquiesce to Lagos' handling of the matter."</ref><ref>Uche, ''Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War'' (2008), pp. 120–124.</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ di tuntun náà ní àìtó ohun ìjà púpọ̀ láti lọ sí ogun, ó pinnu láti dáàbò bo ara rẹ̀. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìbákẹ́gbẹ́ púpọ̀ wà ní Europe àti àwọn ibi mìíràn, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè márùn-ún péré (Tanzania, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Zambia, àti Haiti) ni ó fìdí ìjọba olómìnira tuntun náà múlẹ̀. Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì fi àwọn ohun ìjà àti ohun ìjà ìbọn tó wọ̀n ránṣẹ́ sí àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà, láìka gbígbé orílẹ̀-èdè oníran-oníran tí ó ti dá sílẹ̀ sí, ṣùgbọ́n láti dáàbò bo ipese epo Nàìjíríà sí Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti láti dáàbò bo àwọn ìfowó-sí ti Shell-BP. Apá Biafra gba àwọn ohun ìjà àti ohun ìjà ìbọn láti Faranse, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìjọba Faranse sẹ́ pé òun kò ṣe onígbọ̀wọ́ Biafra. Àpilẹ̀kọ kan nínú ''Paris Match'' ti ọjọ́ ogún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1968 sọ pé àwọn ohun ìjà Faranse ń dé Biafra nípasẹ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè adúgbò bíi Gabon. Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ohun ìjà tó pọ̀ láti ọwọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ni ó jẹ́ ìdí pàtàkì jù lọ nínú pípinnu ìgbẹ̀yìn ogun náà.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/2198977</ref><ref>Chibuike, Uche (2008). "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War". ''The Journal of African History''. '''49''' (1): 111–135.</ref><ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ujah/article/view/67018</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àdéhùn àlàáfíà ni ó wáyé, pẹ̀lú èyí tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ tí ó wáyé ní Aburi, Ghana (Àdéhùn Aburi). Àwọn ìròyìn oríṣiríṣi wà nípa ohun tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Aburi. Ojukwu fi ẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba àpapọ̀ pé wọ́n ti lọ lórí àwọn ìlérí wọn, nígbà tí ìjọba àpapọ̀ fi ẹ̀sùn kan Ojukwu pé ó ń yí òtítọ́ padà, tí ó sì ń sọ ìdajì òtítọ́. Ojukwu gba ìfọwọ́sí fún ìṣọ̀kan orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, kàkà bẹ́ẹ̀ ju ìṣọ̀kan àpapọ̀. Àwọn olùgbani nímọ̀ràn rẹ̀ kìlọ̀ fún un pé Gowon kò lóye ìyàtọ̀ náà àti pé yóò jáde kúrò nínú àdéhùn náà.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/31635385</ref> Nígbà tí èyí ṣẹlẹ̀, Ojukwu ka èyí sí ìjákulẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ Gowon láti tẹ̀lé ẹ̀mí àdéhùn Aburi àti àìní ìwà títọ́ láti ọwọ́ Ìjọba Ológun Nàìjíríà nínú àwọn ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò sí Nàìjíríà ìṣọ̀kan. Àwọn olùgbani nímọ̀ràn Gowon, ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, nímọ̀lára pé ó ti ṣe ohun gbogbo tí ó ṣeé ṣe nínú ìṣèlú láti mú ẹ̀mí Aburi ṣẹ.<ref>Ntieyong U. Akpan, ''The Struggle for Secession, 1966–1970: A Personal Account of the Nigerian Civil War''.</ref> Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn kò ní ohun èlò ogun tó tó rárá, àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà sì pọ̀ ju tiwọn lọ, wọ́n sì ní ohun ìjà púpọ̀ ju tiwọn lọ. Ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ní ànfàní jagun ní ilẹ̀ ìbílẹ̀ wọn, ìtìlẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará Ìlà-Oòrùn, ìpinnu, àti lílo àwọn orísun tí ó lopin.<ref>http://slaverebellion.info/index.php?page=the-biafran-civil-war-the-politics-of-hunger-starvation{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (United Kingdom), tí ó ṣì ní ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ lórí iṣẹ́ epo rọ̀bì Nàìjíríà tó níye lórí jù lọ nípasẹ̀ Shell-BP, àti Sófíẹ̀tì Union (Soviet Union), ṣe atìlẹ́yìn fún ìjọba Nàìjíríà, pàápàá nípasẹ̀ àwọn ohun èlò ológun.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1617662</ref><ref>Awoyokun, Damola (19 February 2013). "BIAFRA: The Untold Story of Nigeria's civil war". P.M. News.</ref> Ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1967 kò tíì múra sílẹ̀ rárá fún ogun. Wọn kò ní ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tàbí ìrírí ogun ní ìpele iṣẹ́, nítorí pé agbára ààbò inú ló jẹ́ ní àkọ́kọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọ̀gágun Nàìjíríà fi àwọn ìgbé ayé àwùjọ wọn síwájú ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ológun, wọ́n ń lo àkókò púpọ̀ láti ṣe àríyá, mu ọtí, ṣọdẹ, àti ṣeré. Ipò àwùjọ nínú ogun ṣe pàtàkì púpọ̀, àwọn ọ̀gágun sì ń lo àkókò púpọ̀ láti rí i dájú pé aṣọ ogun wọn mọ́, nígbà tí ìdíje wà láti ní àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ àti ilé tí ó wọ́n jù lọ. Àwọn ìpakúpa àti ìfìpàkúpa tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba méjèèjì ti ọdún 1966 ti pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn tó jáde láti Sandhurst. Ní oṣù Keje ọdún 1966, gbogbo àwọn ọ̀gágun tó ní ipò ju kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀l lọ ni a ti pa tàbí a ti yọ wọn lẹ́nu iṣẹ́, nígbà tí àwọn ọ̀gágun márùn-ún péré tí ó ní ipò lietenant colonel ṣì wà láàyè, tí wọ́n sì wà lórí iṣẹ́. Fere gbogbo àwọn ọ̀gágun kékeré ni wọ́n ti gba ipò lẹ́yìn ọdún 1960, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sì gbẹ́kẹ̀ lé àwọn NCO tí ó lárírí láti pèsè ìṣàkóso tó yẹ. Àwọn ìṣòro kan náà tí ó dojú kọ Ọmọ Ogun Àpapọ̀ tún kan Ọmọ Ogun Biafra púpọ̀ sí i, ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọ̀gágun wọn sì dá lórí àwọn ọ̀gágun Igbo àtijọ́ tí wọ́n ti wà ní ìjọba àpapọ̀. Àìtó àwọn ọ̀gágun tó lárírí jẹ́ ìṣòro ńlá fún Ọmọ Ogun Biafra, èyí tí ó di búburú sí i nípasẹ̀ ipò ìfura àti àìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé nínú Biafra nítorí Ojukwu gbà gbọ́ pé àwọn ọ̀gágun àtijọ́ mìíràn ń gbìmọ̀ lòdì sí òun.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 24</ref><ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 17</ref> == Ogun == Lẹ́yìn tí ìjọba Nàìjíríà fẹ̀ ìdènà rẹ̀ sí i láti fi epo rọ̀bì kún, wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ṣe "ìgbésẹ̀ ọlọ́pàá" láti gba ilẹ̀ tí ó ti yapa padà. Ogun náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní òwúrọ̀ kutukutu ọjọ́ Kẹfà oṣù Keje ọdún 1967 nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ ogun Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà kọlu Biafra ní ọ̀nà méjì. Ètò Biafra ti yegé: ìjọba àpapọ̀ ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ogun, Ìlà-oòrùn sì ń dáàbò bo ara rẹ̀. Ìkọlù Àwọn Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà gba àríwá Biafra, lábẹ́ ìdarí Kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀l Mohammed Shuwa. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ológun agbègbè ni a dá sí Ẹgbẹ́ Ajagun Kìíní (1st Infantry Division). Àwọn ọ̀gágun Àríwá ló jẹ́ olórí ẹgbẹ́ yìí jù lọ. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dojú kọ ìjàkadì líle koko tí kò sí ní ìrètí àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjákulẹ̀, ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ìwọ̀-oòrùn gba ìlú Nsukka ní ọjọ́ Kẹrìnlá oṣù Keje, nígbà tí ẹgbẹ́ ìlà-oòrùn lọ sí Garkem, tí wọ́n sì gbà á ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá oṣù Keje.<ref>Kirk-Greene, ''The Genesis of the Nigerian Civil War'' (1975), pp. 6–7.</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9ISrAgAAQBAJ&q=Ntieyong+U.+Akpan%2C+The+Struggle+for+Secession%2C+1966%E2%80%931970%3A+A+Personal+Account+of+the+Nigerian+Civil+War.&pg=PR1</ref> === Ìkọlu Àwọn Ọmọ Ogun Biafra === Àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra fèsì pẹ̀lú ìkọlu tiwọn. Ní ọjọ́ Kẹsàn-án oṣù Kẹjọ, àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra kọjá ààlà ìwọ̀-oòrùn wọn àti odò Niger sí ìpínlẹ̀ Àárín-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Wọ́n kọjá olúìlú ìpínlẹ̀ náà, Benin City, àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra tẹ̀síwájú sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn títí di ọjọ́ Kọkànlélógún oṣù Kẹjọ, nígbà tí wọ́n dá wọn dúró ní Ore ní ìpínlẹ̀ Òǹdó báyìí, tí ó jẹ́ kìlómítà 210 (ibùsọ̀ 130) ní ìlà-oòrùn olúìlú Nàìjíríà, Lagos. Lt. Col. Banjo, ọkùnrin Yorùbá kan tí ó jẹ́ gbíga láwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra, ló dárí ìkọlu náà. Ìkọlu náà kò dojú kọ ìjàkadì púpọ̀, a sì gbà ìpínlẹ̀ Àárín-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn láìlópin. Èyí jẹ́ nítorí ètò ṣáájú ìyapa pé kí gbogbo àwọn ọmọ ogun padà sí agbègbè tiwọn láti dáwọ́ ìpakúpa dúró, nínú èyí tí àwọn ọmọ ogun Igbo ti jẹ́ olùfaragbá jù lọ.<ref>''Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria'', by Godfrey Mwakikagile, Nova Publishers, 2001.ISBN 1560729678</ref> Àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà tí ó yẹ kí wọ́n dáàbò bo ìpínlẹ̀ Àárín-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn jẹ́ Igbo jù lọ láti ìpínlẹ̀ náà, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé díẹ̀ nínú wọn wà ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn ní Biafra, àwọn mìíràn sì kọlù ìkọlu náà. Gẹ́nẹ́rà Gowon fèsì nípa bíbèèrè pé kí Kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀l Murtala Mohammed (ẹni tí ó wá di olórí orílẹ̀-èdè ní ọdún 1975) dá ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn sílẹ̀ (Ẹgbẹ́ Ajagun Kejì) láti lé àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra jáde kúrò ní ìpínlẹ̀ Àárín-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn, láti dáàbò bo ààlà ìpínlẹ̀ Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn, àti láti kọlu Biafra. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=wqN9BgAAQBAJ</ref>Ní àkókò kan náà, Gowon kéde "ogun gbogbo" ó sì kéde pé ìjọba Àpapọ̀ yóò kó gbogbo àwọn ènìyàn Nàìjíríà jọ fún ìgbìyànjú ogun. Láti ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1967 sí ìgbà òjò ọdún 1969, Ọmọ Ogun Àpapọ̀ dàgbà láti agbára 7,000 sí agbára 200,000 ọkùnrin tí a ṣètò sí ẹgbẹ́ mẹ́ta. <ref>Barua, Deprave ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) pp. 10–11</ref>Biafra bẹ̀rẹ̀ ogun náà pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ogun 230 péré ní Enugu, èyí tí ó dàgbà sí ìpele méjì ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 1967, èyí tí ó tètè fẹ̀ sí brigades méjì, 51st àti 52nd tí ó di kókó Ọmọ Ogun Biafra. Ní ọdún 1969, àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra yóò ní ọmọ ogun 90,000 tí a ṣètò sí ẹgbẹ́ márùn-ún tí kò ní ọmọ ogun tó tó pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tí ó dá dúró.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 11</ref> Bí àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà ṣe ń gbà Ìpínlẹ̀ Àárín-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn padà, alámọ̀júúto ológun Biafra kéde rẹ̀ sí Orílẹ̀-Èdè Olómìnira Benin ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kẹsàn-án. Ṣùgbọ́n, kò wà mọ́ ní ọjọ́ kejì rẹ̀. Orílẹ̀-èdè tí a mọ̀ sí Benin lónìí, tí ó wà ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Nàìjíríà, ṣì ń jẹ́ Dahomey ní àkókò yẹn.<ref>https://hyattractions.wordpress.com/2014/12/02/women-and-the-nigerian-civil-conflict/''HYATTRACTIONS''. 2 December 2014.</ref><ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-republic-of-biafra/law-order-and-the-biafran-national-imagination/64C63FCC3FAE3D59FB2FFCA69BCE534A</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ ogun náà pín sí brigade méjì, pẹ̀lú batalion mẹ́ta-mẹ́ta nínú kọ̀ọ̀kan. Brigade Kìíní kọlu nípa títẹ̀lé ọ̀nà Ogugu–Ogunga–Nsukka, nígbà tí Brigade Kejì kọlu nípa títẹ̀lé ọ̀nà Gakem–Obudu–Ogoja. Ní ọjọ́ Kẹwàá oṣù Keje ọdún 1967, Brigade Kìíní ti ṣẹ́gun gbogbo àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n yàn fún un. Ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá oṣù Keje, Brigade Kejì ti gbà Gakem, Ogudu, àti Ogoja. Ẹgbẹ́ ogun náà pín sí brigade méjì, pẹ̀lú batalion mẹ́ta-mẹ́ta nínú kọ̀ọ̀kan. Brigade Kìíní kọlu nípa títẹ̀lé ọ̀nà Ogugu–Ogunga–Nsukka, nígbà tí Brigade Kejì kọlu nípa títẹ̀lé ọ̀nà Gakem–Obudu–Ogoja.Ní ọjọ́ Kẹwàá oṣù Keje ọdún 1967, Brigade Kìíní ti ṣẹ́gun gbogbo àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n yàn fún un.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 12</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180820081648/https://www.litencyc.com/theliterarymagazine/biafra.php</ref> <ref>''Shadows: Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967–1970'', by Michael I. Draper (<nowiki>ISBN 1-902109-63-5</nowiki>)</ref>Ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá oṣù Keje, Brigade Kejì ti gbà Gakem, Ogudu, àti Ogoja.<ref>Venter, A.J. (2016). ''Biafra's War 1967–1970: A Tribal Conflict in Nigeria That Left a Million Dead''. p. 139.</ref> Enugu di ibùdó ìyapa àti ìṣọ̀tẹ̀, ìjọba Nàìjíríà sì gbà gbọ́ pé bí wọ́n bá ti gbà Enugu, ìrìn-ipá ìyapa yóò dópin. Àwọn ètò láti ṣẹ́gun Enugu bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá oṣù Kẹsàn-án, ọdún 1967. Ní ọjọ́ Kẹrin oṣù Kẹwàá, Ẹgbẹ́ Kìíní Nàìjíríà gbà Enugu. Ojukwu wà nínú oorun ní Ilé-Ìjọba Biafra nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ kọlu, ó sì là á já pẹ̀lú kòńkò nípa fífi ara rẹ̀ pamọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìránṣẹ́.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=bFfdCQAAQBAJ</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà ní ìrètí pé ìgbà ti Enugu yóò yí àwọn àgbàlagbà Igbo padà láti fòpin sí atìlẹ́yìn wọn fún ìyapa, kódà bí Ojukwu kò bá tẹ̀lé wọn. Èyí kò ṣẹlẹ̀. Ojukwu kó ìjọba rẹ̀ lọ láìsí ìṣòro sí Umuahia, ìlú kan tí ó wà ní ilẹ̀ Igbo àtijọ́.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=wqN9BgAAQBAJ</ref> Ìṣubú Enugu fa ìdààmú kékeré kan nínú àwọn ìgbìyànjú ìpolongo Biafra, nítorí pé gbígbé àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ lórí ipá mú kí Ẹ̀ka ti Ìròyìn kò ní ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ. Bákan náà, àṣeyọrí àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ dín àwọn ìsọrọ̀ Biafra tẹ́lẹ̀ kù pé ìjọba Nàìjíríà kò lè kojú ogun gígùn.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=wqN9BgAAQBAJ</ref> Ní ọjọ́ Kẹtàlélógún oṣù Kẹwàá, rédíò ìjọba Biafra kéde nínú ìgbóhùn pé Ojukwu ṣe ìlérí láti tẹ̀síwájú nínú kíkọjú sí ìjọba àpapọ̀, àti pé ó fi ìjákulẹ̀ Enugu sí àwọn ìṣe ìparun.<ref>"Nigerian Civil War Makes Enugu a Ghost Town". ''The New York Times''. 24 October 1967. p. A20.</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=QEfVDAAAQBAJ</ref> Àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà lábẹ́ Murtala Mohammed ṣe ìpakúpa ńlá àwọn aráàlú 700 nígbà tí wọ́n gbà Asaba lórí Odò Niger. Àwọn Nàìjíríà kọlu lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta nígbà tí wọ́n gbìyànjú láti kọjá Odò Niger ní oṣù Kẹwàá, èyí tí ó yọrí sí ìpàdánù ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ọmọ ogun, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ kẹ̀kẹ́ ogun àti ohun èlò. Ìgbìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ tí Ẹgbẹ́ Ajagun Kejì ṣe ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù Kẹwàá láti kọjá Odò Niger láti ìlú Asaba sí ìlú Biafra, Onitsha, fi àwọn ọmọ ogun Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà tó ju 5,000 lọ, tí wọ́n kú, tí wọ́n farapa, tí wọ́n mú tàbí tí wọ́n sọnu. Operation Tiger Claw (Oṣù Kẹwàá Ọjọ́ 17 sí 20, 1967) jẹ́ ìjà ogun láàárín àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà àti Biafra. Ní ọjọ́ Kẹtàdínlógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1967, àwọn Nàìjíríà kọlu Calabar lábẹ́ ìdarí "Black Scorpion", Benjamin Adekunle, nígbà tí Kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀l Ogbu Ogi, tí ó jẹ́ olùṣábojú agbègbè láàárín Calabar àti Opobo, àti Lynn Garrison, òjìyà àjèjì kan, ló dárí àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra. Àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra dojú kọ ìkọlu lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ láti omi àti afẹ́fẹ́. Fún ọjọ́ méjì tí ó tẹ̀lé e, ọkọ̀ òfurufú ogun Nàìjíríà bombu àwọn ibùdó àti ohun èlò ogun Biafra. Ní ọjọ́ kan náà, Lynn Garrison dé Calabar ṣùgbọ́n ó dojú kọ ìkọlu lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀. Ní ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kẹwàá, àwọn ọmọ ogun Garrison yọ kúrò nínú ogun náà nígbà tí Kọ̀lọ́nẹ̀ẹ̀l Ogi fi ara rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún Gẹ́nẹ́rà Adekunle. Ní ọjọ́ Kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kárùn-ún ọdún 1968, wọ́n gbà Port Harcourt. Pẹ̀lú ìgbà ti Enugu, Bonny, Calabar, àti Port Harcourt, ayé kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ ṣe iyèméjì nípa agbára Àpapọ̀ nínú ogun náà mọ́. Ìpolongo Biafra máa ń fi ẹ̀sùn kan àwọn ìjákulẹ̀ ogun sí "awọn tí ń ba ohun jẹ́" nínú ipò àwọn ọ̀gágun Biafra, wọ́n sì fún àwọn ọ̀gágun àti àwọn ipò mìíràn níṣìírí láti fi àwọn tí wọ́n fura sí gẹ́gẹ́ bí "awọn tí ń ba ohun jẹ́" hàn. Ní gbogbo ogun náà, ó ṣeéṣe kí àwọn ọ̀gágun Biafra kú láti ọwọ́ ara wọn ju àwọn ọmọ ogun Àpapọ̀ lọ, nítorí pé Ojukwu ṣe àwọn ìfìpàkúpa, ó sì mú àwọn ọ̀gágun tí a fi ẹ̀sùn kan pé wọ́n jẹ́ "awọn tí ń ba ohun jẹ́" lọ, ó sì yin wọn pa. Ojukwu kò gbẹ́kẹ̀lé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọ̀gágun Igbo àtijọ́ tí wọ́n ti wá sí Biafra, ó sì rí wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùdíje tí ó lè fi ewu sílẹ̀, èyí tí ó yọrí sí àwọn ìfìpàkúpa búburú tí ó mú kí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn kú<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) pp. 17–18</ref>. Púpọ̀ sí i, Ojukwu nílò àwọn ẹran ìrúbọ fún àwọn ìjákulẹ̀ Biafra, ikú sì jẹ́ ìyà tó wọ́pọ̀ fún àwọn ọ̀gágun Biafra tí wọ́n bá pàdánù ogun. Nítorí ìbẹ̀rù ìwọ̀fà-ìjọba, Ojukwu dá àwọn ẹgbẹ́ kan sílẹ̀ bíi Brigade S tí òun fúnra rẹ̀ dárí àti Brigade Commando Kẹrin tí òjìyà German Rolf Steiner dárí, tí wọ́n wà láìsí àwọn ìlànà ìdarí ológun tó wọ́pọ̀.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 18</ref> Barua kọ̀wé pé ìṣàkóso Ojukwu, pàápàá pípà áwọn ọ̀gágun rẹ̀ léraléra, ní "ipa búburú" lórí ìgboyà ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọ̀gágun Biafra. Pípà àwọn ọ̀gágun tún mú kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ọ̀gágun Biafra láti ní ìrírí tó yẹ láti ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ológun ní àṣeyọrí, bí Barua ṣe ṣàkíyèsí pé Ọmọ Ogun Biafra kò ní "ìtẹ̀síwájú àti ìṣọ̀kan" láti kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ láti ogun náà.<ref>Barua, Pradeep ''The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States'' (2013) p. 18</ref><ref>Al J. Vetner. “Biafra’s War 1967–1970: A Tribal Conflict That Left a Million Dead.” Warwick, UK, Helion & Company, 2015. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-910294-69-7</nowiki>. pp. 197–210.</ref> === Iṣakoso lori iṣelọpọ epo === Ìwakiri epo rọ̀bì ní Nàìjíríà ni ilé-iṣẹ́ Shell-BP Petroleum Development Company bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1937. Láti dènà àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì epo rọ̀bì ní Agbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn, ìjọba Àpapọ̀ fi ìdènà ọkọ̀ ojú omi lé agbègbè náà lórí. Ìdènà yìí kò kan àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí ń kó epo rọ̀bì. Àwọn olórí Biafra kọ̀wé sí Shell-BP láti fi béèrè owó-ori fún epo rọ̀bì tí wọ́n ń wà jáde ní agbègbè wọn. Lẹ́yìn ìjíròrò púpọ̀, Shell-BP pinnu láti san pọ́n-ùn 250,000 fún Biafra. Ìròyìn ìsanwó yìí dé ọ̀dọ̀ ìjọba Àpapọ̀, èyí tí ó lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ fẹ̀ ìdènà ọkọ̀ ojú omi sí àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí ń kó epo rọ̀bì. Ìjọba Nàìjíríà tún jẹ́ kó yé Shell-BP pé òun retí kí ilé-iṣẹ́ náà san gbogbo owó-ori epo rọ̀bì tí ó kù lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìfagilé sanwó fún Biafra, ìjọba pàṣẹ fún Shell-BP láti dáwọ́ iṣẹ́ dúró ní Biafra, ó sì gba iṣẹ́ náà lọ́wọ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ náà.<ref>Chibuike, Uche (2008). "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War". ''The Journal of African History''. '''49''' (1): 111–135.</ref> Ní òpin oṣù Keje ọdún 1967, àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà àti àwọn ọmọ ogun òkun gba Erékùṣù Bonny ní Àgbègbè Niger Delta, wọ́n sì tipa bẹ́ẹ̀ gba ìṣàkóso àwọn ibùdó Shell-BP tí ó ṣe pàtàkì. <ref>Uche, ''Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War'' (2008), p. 131. "Within a month of full military conflict, the Nigerian government captured the important Island of Bonny from the Biafrans. The British High Commissioner articulated the importance of this capture at the time: 'This not only tightens the grip on the blockade and gives the Federal Government a first footing in the Rivers Province; it places in their hands the most valuable part of Shell-BP installations, for the storage tanks, the pumping station and the tanker terminal are all at Bonny.' At the time of the capture, the Nigerian government claimed that the Island was taken 'without any damage' to Shell-BP's installations there."</ref>Àwọn iṣẹ́-ṣíṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀ padà ní oṣù Kárùn-ún ọdún 1968, nígbà tí Nàìjíríà gbà Port Harcourt.<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), p. 132. "Despite the return of Gray, and the interest of Shell-BP and the British government in getting the oil machines pumping again, the state of war and its attendant hazards ensured that this could not happen immediately. It was not until May 1968, when Nigerian marines captured Port Harcourt, that it was adjudged safe by Shell-BP to send an advance team to both Bonny and Port Harcourt to assess the state of their production facilities."</ref> Àwọn ibùdó rẹ̀ ti bà jẹ́, ó sì nílò àtúnṣe. Ìṣelọpọ àti ìkóyọ epo rọ̀bì tẹ̀síwájú, ṣùgbọ́n ní ìpele tó dín kù. Ìparí ibùdó tuntun kan ní Forçados ní ọdún 1969 mú ìṣelọpọ lọ sókè láti ìwọ̀n bàrélì 142,000 lójoojúmọ́ ní ọdún 1958 sí 540,000 bàrélì lójoojúmọ́ ní ọdún 1969. Ní ọdún 1970, iye yìí fi ìlọ́po méjì pọ̀ sí 1.08 mílíọ̀nù bàrélì lójoojúmọ́. Àwọn owó-ori náà mú kí Nàìjíríà ní agbára láti ra àwọn ohun ìjà púpọ̀ sí i, gbà àwọn òjìyà sí iṣẹ́, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Biafra kò lè bá a díje ní ìpele ọrọ̀ ajé yìí.<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), pp. 133–134. "The problem was that the oil had to be shipped through Bonny, which at the time was not safe. Furthermore, silting of the approaches to the Bonny terminal during the early parts of the war reduced its unit tanker capacity from 70,000 tons to about 40,000 tons. Even with the use of smaller tankers, the short haul from Nigeria to the United Kingdom was still more profitable than the Cape route used for Gulf oil. Despite the prospects for Eastern Region oil, the civil war made the source unreliable. Luckily for Shell-BP, prior to the war, it had planned a second terminal off Forcados, which was in Federal territory. Construction of the terminal and the pipelines, which started during the war, took 18 months and was completed in the middle of 1969."</ref> == Ipa Agbaye == === United Kingdom === Ìjọba Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ti gbéṣẹ́ láti múra sílẹ̀ àti láti mú ìpèsè epo rọ̀bì tó dára, tí kò sì wọ́n láti Nàìjíríà gbòòrò sí i. Nítorí náà, wọ́n fi ààyò pàtàkì lé mímú ìwàjáde epo àti àwọn iṣẹ́-ṣíṣe ìsọdọ́tún mọ́lẹ̀.<ref>Achebe, Chinua (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. New York: Penguin. pp. 99–100. ISBN <bdi>978-1-59420-482-1</bdi>. <q>The BBC's Rick Fountain, in a story on Monday, January 3, 200, called "Secret Papers Reveal Biafra Intrigue," confirms that oil interests and competition between Britain, France, and the United States played a far more important role than the "unified Nigeria" position: "At first Biafra was successful and this alarmed Britain, the former colonial power, anxious for its big oil holdings. It also interested the Soviet Union, which saw a chance to increase its influence in West Africa. Both sent arms to boost the federal military government, under General Yakabu Gowon.</q></ref> Ogun náà bẹ́ sílẹ̀ ní ọ̀sẹ̀ kan ṣáájú Ogun Ọjọ́ Mẹ́fà ní Àárín Gbùngbùn Ìlà-Oòrùn, tí ó mú kí àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi epo láti Àárín Gbùngbùn Ìlà-Oòrùn ní láti gba ọ̀nà gígùn yípo Cape of Good Hope, nítorí náà, ó mú kí iye owó epo Àárín Gbùngbùn Ìlà-Oòrùn pọ̀ sí i. Èyí sì mú kí epo Nàìjíríà ṣe pàtàkì sí i fún Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí pé epo Nàìjíríà kò wọ́n ju epo Persian Gulf lọ. <ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref>Ní àkọ́kọ́, nígbà tí kò yé wa irú apá tí yóò ṣẹ́gun, Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì gbé ipò "duro ki o wo" ṣáájú kí ó tó fi ìpinnu yan Nàìjíríà. Nàìjíríà ní ọmọ ogun ojú omi mẹ́fà péré, èyí tí ó tóbi jù lọ nínú wọn jẹ́ ọkọ̀ ogun kékeré; ọmọ ogun afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ọkọ̀ òfurufú 76, tí kò sí nínú wọn tí ó jẹ́ ọkọ̀ ogun tàbí ọkọ̀ ogun tí ó ń fi bombu wọlé; àti ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ tí ó ní ẹgbẹ̀rún méje ọkùnrin tí kò ní kẹ̀kẹ́ ogun, tí ó sì ní àìtó àwọn ọ̀gágun tí ó ní ìrírí ìṣàkóso. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Biafra náà kò lágbára bẹ́ẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́, àwọn apá méjèèjì hàn gbangba pé wọ́n dọ́gba ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ogun náà, ìṣẹ́gun Nàìjíríà kò sì jẹ́ èyí tí a ti rò tẹ́lẹ̀ rárá.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=wqN9BgAAQBAJ</ref><ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> Ìjọba Kìíní (United Kingdom) ṣe atìlẹ́yìn fún Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tí ogun bẹ̀rẹ̀, wọ́n kìlọ̀ fún wọn pé kí wọ́n má ṣe fi àwọn ibùdó epo rọ̀bì ti British sílẹ̀ ní Àgbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn. Àwọn ibùdó epo rọ̀bì wọ̀nyí, tí wọ́n wà lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso Shell-BP Petroleum Development Company (tí Shell àti BP ní lápapọ̀), ni ó ń ṣakoso ìdá 84 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ti ìwọ̀n bàrélì 580,000 tí Nàìjíríà ń ṣe lójoojúmọ́. Ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ti epo rọ̀bì yìí wá láti Agbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn, ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta mìíràn sì wá láti Agbègbè Àárín-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ dá sílẹ̀.<ref>Uche, ''Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War'' (2008), pp. 120–124.</ref> Ìdá méjì nínú márùn-ún gbogbo epo rọ̀bì Nàìjíríà ni ó máa ń dé Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ní ọdún 1967, ìdá 30 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún epo rọ̀bì tí a ń kó wọ Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì wá láti Nàìjíríà.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> Shell-BP gbérò dáadáa lórí ìbéèrè ìjọba Àpapọ̀ pé kí wọn kọ̀ láti san owó-ori tí Biafra béèrè. Àwọn agbẹjọ́rò wọn dámọ̀ràn pé gbígba Biafra sanwó yóò yẹ bí ìjọba yìí bá lè tọ́jú òfin àti àlàáfíà ní agbègbè náà. Ìjọba British dámọ̀ràn pé gbígba Biafra sanwó lè ba ìfẹ́-ọ̀rẹ́ ìjọba Àpapọ̀ jẹ́. Shell-BP sanwó náà, ìjọba sì fi ìdènà lé ìkóyọ epo rọ̀bì lórí. Nígbà tí wọ́n fi ipá yàn láti yan apá kan, Shell-BP àti ìjọba British fi ara wọn lélẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ ní Lagos, wọ́n ro pé apá yìí ló ṣeéṣe kí ó ṣẹ́gun ogun náà.<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), pp. 125–127. "The Nigerian government subsequently made it explicit to Shell-BP that it expected the company to pay the outstanding oil royalty immediately. Once the oil flow stopped, sitting on a fence ceased to be an option for the British government. The United Kingdom subsequently decided to back Nigeria, partly because it was advised that, in the event of war, the odds were 'slightly in favour of the Federal Military Government'. Perhaps more importantly, the British government calculated that supporting Nigeria was its safest option if it were to preserve its oil interests in the country, largely because the Cold War and the rivalry among some Western European states made it likely that other foreign powers would wade into the conflict."</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmísọ́nnà Gíga British ní Lagos ṣe kọ̀wé sí Akọ̀wé Ìpínlẹ̀ fún Ọ̀ràn Commonwealth ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje ọdún 1967: Kọmísọ́nnà Gíga British sọ pé: "Ojukwu, kódà bí ó bá ṣẹ́gun, kò ní wà ní ipò tó lágbára. Yóò nílò gbogbo ìrànlọ́wọ́ àti ìdámọ̀ àgbáyé tó lè rí gbà. '''Ìjọba Àpapọ̀''' yóò wà ní ipò tó dára jù lọ ní àgbáyé àti ní inú orílẹ̀-èdè. Wọn yóò ní ẹjọ́ tó fìdí múlẹ̀ fún ìfìyàjẹ líle koko sí ilé-iṣẹ́ kan tó ti '''fún àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ lówó''', mo sì dá mi lójú pé wọn yóò tẹ̀ ẹjọ́ wọn lọ títí di ìpele tí wọn yóò fi fagi lé àwọn ìyọ̀ǹda ilé-iṣẹ́ náà, tí wọn yóò sì fi ipá gba àwọn ibùdó wọn. Nítorí náà, mo parí ọ̀rọ̀ sí pé, bí ilé-iṣẹ́ náà bá yí ọkàn rẹ̀ padà tí ó sì béèrè ìmọ̀ràn lọ́wọ́ Ìjọba British, ohun tí ó dára jù lọ tí a lè fún un ni kí ó sáré padà sí apá Lagos, pẹ̀lú ìwé sékì rẹ̀ ní ìmúrasílẹ̀."<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), pp. 125–127. "The Nigerian government subsequently made it explicit to Shell-BP that it expected the company to pay the outstanding oil royalty immediately. Once the oil flow stopped, sitting on a fence ceased to be an option for the British government. The United Kingdom subsequently decided to back Nigeria, partly because it was advised that, in the event of war, the odds were 'slightly in favour of the Federal Military Government'. Perhaps more importantly, the British government calculated that supporting Nigeria was its safest option if it were to preserve its oil interests in the country, largely because the Cold War and the rivalry among some Western European states made it likely that other foreign powers would wade into the conflict."</ref> Shell-BP took this advice.<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), pp. 125–127. "The Nigerian government subsequently made it explicit to Shell-BP that it expected the company to pay the outstanding oil royalty immediately. Once the oil flow stopped, sitting on a fence ceased to be an option for the British government. The United Kingdom subsequently decided to back Nigeria, partly because it was advised that, in the event of war, the odds were 'slightly in favour of the Federal Military Government'. Perhaps more importantly, the British government calculated that supporting Nigeria was its safest option if it were to preserve its oil interests in the country, largely because the Cold War and the rivalry among some Western European states made it likely that other foreign powers would wade into the conflict."</ref> It continued to quietly support Nigeria through the rest of the war, in one case advancing a royalty of £5.5 million to fund the purchase of more British weapons.<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), p. 132. "Given Shell-BP's interest in Nigeria taking over the major oilfields still in Biafran hands, it was not surprising that they overtly supported the Nigerian military cause.99 A case in point was in December 1967 when the Nigerian government, frustrated by the slow pace of progress in the war, requested that Shell-BP pay its royalty of £5.5 million in advance, in order to enable it to purchase arms from the United Kingdom. Shell-BP promptly complied."</ref> Kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ pẹ́ lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọ ogun Àpapọ̀ gbà ibùdó epo òkun ní Bonny ní ọjọ́ Kẹẹ̀ẹdọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje, ọdún 1967 ni Alákòóso Àgbà British, Harold Wilson, fi pinnu láti ran Nàìjíríà lọ́wọ́ pẹ̀lú ohun èlò ogun. Lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ́gun Àpapọ̀ ní Bonny, Wilson pe David Hunt, Kọmísọ́nnà Gíga British sí Nàìjíríà, fún ìpàdé kan ní 10 Downing Street ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 1967 láti gba ìdámọ̀ràn rẹ̀ lórí ipò tí nǹkan wà. Erò Hunt pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Àpapọ̀ ti wà ní ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ dáadáa, tí wọn yóò sì ṣẹ́gun nítorí pé wọ́n lè lo àwọn ènìyàn tó pọ̀ jù, ló mú kí Wilson tì Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> Nígbà ogun náà, Ìjọba Kìíní (United Kingdom) fi ohun ìjà àti ìtìlẹ́yìn ológun ránṣẹ́ sí Nàìjíríà ní ìkọ̀kọ̀, ó sì lè ti ràn án lọ́wọ́ láti gbà àwọn òjìyà sí iṣẹ́. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti pinnu láti tì Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn, BBC yí ìròyìn rẹ̀ padà láti fi ojú rere hàn sí apá yìí. Àwọn ohun èlò tí wọ́n pèsè fún Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀ pẹ̀lú ọkọ̀ ojú omi méjì àti ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ 60.<ref>Uche, "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War" (2008), p. 131. "Furthermore, once the war broke out and the British government decided to back the Nigerian side, the BBC swiftly shifted its reporting on the conflict, in Nigeria's favour. This was noticed and thankfully acknowledged by the Nigerian government."</ref><ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), p. 274.</ref> Ní Ìjọba Kìíní (United Kingdom), ìgbìmọ̀ ìtọ́jú ènìyàn nípa Biafra bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún 1968. Ìròyìn rẹ gbòòrò lórí ITV àti nínú ìwé ìròyìn The Sun. Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn àjọ aláràbàtà bi Oxfam àti Save the Children Fund ni wọ́n fi ránṣẹ́ síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú owó ńláńlá tí ó wà ní ìkáwọ́ wọn.<ref>O'Sullivan, "Humanitarian Encounters" (2014), p. 302. "It took time, however, for popular attention to focus on the crisis. In the United Kingdom that occurred only after 12 June 1968, when a film broadcast on ITV and a press campaign led by the ''Sun'' newspaper sparked the humanitarian response into life."</ref> === France === Faranse pèsè ohun ìjà, àwọn òjìyà jagunjagun, àti àwọn ìrànlọ́wọ́ mìíràn fún Biafra. Wọ́n tún gbé ohun tí ó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ sí Biafra ga ní àgbáyé, wọ́n sì ṣàpèjúwe ipò náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà.<ref>Achebe, Chinua (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. New York: Penguin. pp. 100–102, 155. ISBN <bdi>978-1-59420-482-1</bdi>. <q>On July 31, 1968, Biafran diplomacy reached a milestone when the French Council of Ministers released a statement of approbation in support of Biafra, though it fell short of a full recognition of the secessionist republic...</q></ref><ref>Olawoyin, "Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict" (1971), pp. 137–139.</ref> Ààrẹ Faranse nígbà náà, Charles de Gaulle, tọ́ka sí "ìdí òdodo àti ọlá Biafra." Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, Faranse kò fìdí Biafra múlẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí orílẹ̀-èdè nípa ti ìbáṣepọ̀ òṣèlú.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), pp. 114–115. "France, however, categorically refused to officially recognise Biafra, a possibility President Charles de Gaulle ruled out as early as 14 December 1967. At the same time it was well known that France was supporting Biafran leader General Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu with covert military aid throughout the war, including mercenaries and weapons."</ref> Nípasẹ̀ Pierre Laureys, Faranse hàn gbangba pé ó ti pèsè ọkọ̀ òfurufú B-26 méjì, ọkọ̀ òfurufú Alouette àti àwọn awakọ̀ òfurufú.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 122. "De Gaulle made the decision to begin regular French arms shipments to Biafra on 17 or 18 October 1967. De Gaulle was very reluctant to send weapons from French stocks, and only agreed when Foccart suggested sending captured German and Italian weapons from World War II with the serial number scratched off. The weapons would not be sent directly to Ojukwu, but would go through Houphouët-Boigny, so that it looked like France was replenishing the Ivory Coast's stocks as stipulated in the normal bilateral military assistance agreements."</ref> Faranse pèsè àwọn ohun ìjà German àti Italian tí wọ́n kó ní Ogun Àgbáyé Kejì fún Biafra, láìsí nọ́ńbà ìdámọ̀, tí a kó lọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan àwọn ìkóyọ sí Ivory Coast.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), p. 179. "France, too, pursued contradictory policies, selling Nigeria Panhard light armoured cars and halting all arms transfers to Lagos only later that year, by which time it was supplying the Biafrans via the Ivory Coast and Gabon. Clapham notes that France's military aid to Biafra prolonged the war for about eighteen months."</ref> Ipa Faranse nínú ogun náà ni a lè wò ní ìpele ìṣèlú àgbáyé rẹ̀ (Françafrique) àti ìdíje rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn British ní Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà. Nàìjíríà dúró fún ibùdó agbára British ní agbègbè tí Faranse nípa lórí jù lọ. Faranse àti Portugal lo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó wà nítòsí ní agbègbè ìdarí wọn, pàápàá Ivory Coast lábẹ́ Ààrẹ Félix Houphouët-Boigny, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibùdó fún àwọn ohun èlò tí wọ́n ń ránṣẹ́ sí Biafra.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015)</ref> Lọ́nà kan náà, Faranse tún ṣe ìlànà rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ láti Ìdààmú Kónógó, nígbà tí ó ṣe atìlẹ́yìn fún ìyapa agbègbè ìwakùsà gúúsù Katanga.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), pp. 116–117. "The Katanga secession (1960–1963) was in many ways a precursor to the Biafran War for France. French mercenaries went to Katanga to support the Belgian intervention. The Belgians were helping Tshombé fight Congolese forces loyal to Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba, who was supported by the Soviet Union. ... The Katangan secession was ultimately unsuccessful, and thus it is a surprise that de Gaulle's government would support another secession in Biafra four years later. A number of other countries also drew a link between the two conflicts, and Ojukwu released a statement on 11 January 1969 called 'Biafra: the antithesis of Katanga', to reassure foreign powers. ... Katanga gave France experience in using mercenaries to fight a war in which the consequences of failure were minimal."</ref> Láti ìhà ọrọ̀ ajé, Faranse rí ànfàní gbà nípasẹ̀ àwọn àdéhùn ìwakùsà epo fún Société Anonyme Française de Recherches et d'Exploitation de Pétrolières (SAFRAP). Ó hàn gbangba pé wọ́n ti ṣe ètò yìí pẹ̀lú Ìlà-Oòrùn Nàìjíríà ṣáájú ìyapa rẹ̀ kúrò nínú Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà.<ref>Griffin, ''French Military Policy in the Nigerian Civil War'' (2015), p. 118. "Nigeria, however, was very important for France due to its size as well as the oil in the Niger River Delta. France had no diplomatic relations with Nigeria after 1960, as Nigeria expelled the French ambassador, Raymond Offroy, following the third French nuclear test in Algeria on 27 December. The severing of diplomatic relations did not halt commercial relations between the two countries, and in 1964, the French national oil company, SAFRAP, was given the rights to search for oil in parts of Eastern Nigeria that would later declare independence under the name of Biafra."</ref><ref>Olawoyin, "Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict" (1971), pp. 135–136. "The French policy may be described as anti-British, anti-Nigerian and pr-Biafra. SAFRAP (a French oil company) is exploring for oil in Biafra as well as in Nigeria. Although France has leaned toward Biafra, SAFRAP has vast exploration rights in the Northern Region; this might have prevented France giving Biafra political recognition. ... The highlight of increasing world sympathy for Ojukwu was also motivated by the declaration by the French government that it endorsed the principle of Biafra's right to self-determination. Before the start of the Civil War, France had strengthened her economic ties with Biafra. On August 8th, F.G. showed some documents (photostat copies) to the foreign press showing that Biafra had sold oil concessions to France."</ref> SAFRAP sọ pé òun ni ìdá 7 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ìpèsè epo rọ̀bì Nàìjíríà. Jean Mauricheau-Beaupré, ọ̀gágun aṣojú òye Faranse kan, tí ó jẹ́ igbákejì olùṣètò àkọ́kọ́ ti ìlànà Áfíríkà ti Faranse nígbà náà, Jacques Foccart, kéde fún àwọn tí ó nítumọ̀ pẹ̀lú atìlẹ́yìn Faranse sí Biafra pé: "Atìlẹ́yìn [Faranse] ni a fún àwọn díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ọlọ́rọ̀ Biafra nìkan ní pàṣípààrọ̀ fún epo rọ̀bì. ... Ìrònú gidi ti Igbo ti wà ní apá òsì ju ti Ojukwu lọ, kódà bí a bá tilẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun, ìṣòro yóò wà nípa bí a ṣe lè mú un wà ní ipò agbára ní ojú ìwọlé àwọn apá òsì. <ref>"Telegram from the Central Intelligence Agency to the White House Situation Room," CIA, 20262, TDCS DB – 315/00173-70 (ADVANCE), 14 January 1970, in FRUS, Vol. E-5, 2005 (160); as cited in Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 120.</ref>Biafra, fún apá rẹ̀, fi tayọ̀tayọ̀ mọyì ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Faranse.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 119.</ref> Faranse ni orilẹ-ede to kọkọ bẹrẹ si ni fi atilẹyin oṣelu fun Biafra ni kariaye.<ref>Olawoyin, "Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict" (1971), pp. 135–136. "The French policy may be described as anti-British, anti-Nigerian and pr-Biafra. SAFRAP (a French oil company) is exploring for oil in Biafra as well as in Nigeria. Although France has leaned toward Biafra, SAFRAP has vast exploration rights in the Northern Region; this might have prevented France giving Biafra political recognition. ... The highlight of increasing world sympathy for Ojukwu was also motivated by the declaration by the French government that it endorsed the principle of Biafra's right to self-determination. Before the start of the Civil War, France had strengthened her economic ties with Biafra. On August 8th, F.G. showed some documents (photostat copies) to the foreign press showing that Biafra had sold oil concessions to France."</ref> Portugal paapaa ranṣẹ si Biafra pẹlu awọn ohun ija. Gbogbo awọn iṣowo wọnyi ni wọn ṣe nipasẹ "Biafran Historical Research Centre" ni Paris.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 122. "The most important dimension of French military assistance was the shipment of weapons to Biafra, which had severe shortages of not only heavy weapons, but also small arms and ammunition. Portugal also provided weapons to Biafra, as did Czechoslovakia, until the Soviet invasion in 1968. The Biafrans set up an office in Paris called the 'Biafran Historical Research Centre', which was Ojukwu's contact point with Mauricheau-Beupré, Falques and Denard. The Centre allowed Ojukwu to purchase arms directly from European arms dealers. Denard would purchase arms from Czechoslovakia and ship them by sea to Biafra via Libreville. Starting in October 1967, there were also direct Czech arms flights, by a network of pilots led by Jack Malloch, a Rhodesian in contact with Houphouët-Boigny and Mauricheau-Beupré."</ref> Gabon ati Ivory Coast, ti o jẹ orilẹ-ede ti Faranse ni asopọ pẹlu, da Biafra mọ ni Oṣu Karun ọdun 1968.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 123.</ref> Ni Oṣu Karun ọjọ 8, 1968, De Gaulle funra rẹ ṣetọrẹ 30,000 francs lati ra oogun fun iṣẹ French Red Cross. Bi o tilẹ jẹ pe rudurudu laarin awọn akẹkọ ati awọn oṣiṣẹ tan kaakiri fun igba diẹ, o ti mu ifojusi ijọba kuro ni ogun naa. Ijọba Faranse kede idènà awọn ohun ija, ṣugbọn wọn tẹsiwaju lati fi awọn ohun ija ranṣẹ si Biafra labẹ aṣọ iranlọwọ omoniyan.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 124. "In May and early June 1968, protests and general strikes in France prevented de Gaulle, Foccart or any other French official from following the situation in Biafra. On 12 June, after the riots had subsided, a French ministerial council decided to impose an official arms embargo on both Nigeria and Biafra, and to start providing direct humanitarian aid to Ojukwu. Robert explains that the humanitarian aid provided a very effective cover for the secret French arms shipments, which began to increase."</ref> Ni Oṣu Keje, ijọba tun ṣe agbega awọn igbiyanju rẹ lati mu gbogbo eniyan ṣiṣẹ ninu ọna omoniyan si ogun naa. Awọn aworan awọn ọmọde ti o n jiya ebi ati awọn ẹsun ipaeyarun kun awọn iwe iroyin Faranse ati awọn eto tẹlifisiọnu. Laarin gbogbo ipolongo yii, ni Oṣu Keje ọjọ 31, 1968, De Gaulle ṣe alaye osise lati ṣe atilẹyin fun Biafra.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), pp. 124–125. "The 31 July 1938 statement in favour of Biafra was preceded by a concerted campaign in the French press during the month of July to inform the French public about events in Biafra. ... The French government's next step after the 31 July statement was to launch a major campaign to gain public funding for humanitarian operations in Biafra. The campaign was coordinated at the highest levels of government, and the French Foreign Ministry files make it clear that the French television service and the French Red Cross were required to get governmental approval to ask for funds. The French public eventually contributed 12,600,000 francs. The French press continued a concerted campaign throughout August 1968 to alert the public to the humanitarian situation."</ref> Maurice Robert, olori Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionnage (SDECE, ile-iṣẹ oye ajeji Faranse) fun awọn iṣẹ Afirika, kọwe ni ọdun 2004 pe ile-iṣẹ rẹ pese awọn alaye nipa ogun naa fun awọn oniroyin ati pe o sọ fun wọn lati lo ọrọ "ipaeyarun" ninu ijabọ wọn<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 124. "Robert, in a surprising admission, stated that it was the SDECE that instructed the media to use the term 'genocide' in 1968. He says that the SDECE gave the French press precise information about Biafran casualties and civilian losses, and that ''Le Monde'' was the first to pick up the story. Rony Braumann wrote in 2006 that the SDECE paid the Biafran press service Markpress, located in Geneva, to introduce the theme of genocide to the general public."</ref> Faranse kéde "Ọ̀sẹ̀ Biafra" láti ọjọ́ Kọkànlá sí Kẹtàdínlógún oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1969, èyí tí ó dá lórí fífi faransi méjì jẹ́ fáwú tí French Red Cross ṣètò. Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, De Gaulle fòpin sí rírán ohun ìjà, lẹ́yìn náà ó fi ipò sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ Kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1969. Ààrẹ fún ìgbà díẹ̀, Alain Poher, lé Foccart kúrò nínú iṣẹ́. Georges Pompidou tún gbà Foccart sí iṣẹ́ padà, ó sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ atilẹ́yìn fún Biafra, pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àjọ aṣojú òye ìkọ̀kọ̀ South Africa láti kó ohun ìjà púpọ̀ sí i wọlé.<ref>Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), pp. 127–128.</ref> === '''Soviet Union''' === Soviet Union ṣe atilẹyin to lagbara fun ijọba Nàìjíríà, wọn si tẹnu mọ iwọnba ti ipo naa pẹlu eyi ti o ṣẹlẹ ni Congo. Igbiyanju Nàìjíríà fun awọn ọkọ ofurufu diẹ sii, eyi ti Ìjọba Kìíní (United Kingdom) ati Amẹrika (United States) kọ lati ta, mu ki Gowon gba ipese Soviet ni igba ooru ọdun 1967 lati ta ọkọ ofurufu MiG-17 mẹtadinlogun.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> Awọn ologun Nàìjíríà ti Ìjọba Kìíní kọ́ ni o maa n fura si Soviet Union, ṣugbọn aṣoju Soviet ni Lagos, Alexander Romanov, ọkunrin ti o ni ibasepọ to dara ati ti o jẹ diplomat ti o gbọn, ni ibasepọ to dara pẹlu Gowon o si rọ ọ pe gbigba awọn ohun ija Soviet kii yoo tumọ si lati wa labẹ Soviet Union.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> Awọn MiG-17 akọkọ de Nàìjíríà ni Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdun 1967 pẹlu nipa awọn onisẹ ẹgbẹrun meji ti Soviet lati kọ awọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà lori lilo wọn. Bi o tilẹ jẹ pe awọn MiG-17 ko rọrun pupọ fun awọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà lati lo daradara, ti o nilo awọn awakọ ọkọ ofurufu Egypt lati gbe wọn, adehun ohun ija Soviet-Nàìjíríà di ọkan ninu awọn ipinnu pataki ninu ogun naa. Yato si ṣiṣeto ọna ohun ija lati Soviet Union si Nàìjíríà, iṣeeṣe pe Soviet Union yoo ni ipa nla ni Nàìjíríà mu ki Ìjọba Kìíní mu ipese ohun ija rẹ pọ si lati ṣetọju ipa rẹ ni Lagos, nigba ti o yago fun iṣeeṣe pe Amẹrika tabi Ìjọba Kìíní yoo da Biafra mọ.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> Soviet Union fi ohun ìjà ránṣẹ́ sí ìjọba Nàìjíríà déédéé, pẹ̀lú àlàyé ìbáṣepọ̀ òṣèlú pé àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí jẹ́ "fún owó kàṣì nìkan lórí ìpìlẹ̀ òwò." Ní ọdún 1968, USSR gbà láti ṣe ìnáwó fún Dámù Kainji lórí Odò Niger (níbi kan tó ga díẹ̀ sí apá òkè Odò Delta). Àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìròyìn Soviet kọ́kọ́ fi ẹ̀sùn kan àwọn British pé wọ́n ń fi ẹ̀tanú ṣe atilẹ́yìn fún ìyapa Biafra, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n ní láti tún àwọn ẹ̀sùn wọ̀nyí ṣe nígbà tó hàn gbangba pé Ìjọba Kìíní (United Kingdom), ní ti gidi, ń ṣe atilẹ́yìn fún Ìjọba Àpapọ̀.<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Stent The Soviet Union and the Nigerian Civil War: A Triumph of Realism", ''Issue: A Journal of Opinion'' 3.2, Summer 1973.</ref> Ọ̀kan nínú àlàyé fún ìbákẹ́gbẹ́ Soviet Union pẹ̀lú Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀ ni ìkọlù tí wọ́n jọ ní sí àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ ìyapa nínú orílẹ̀-èdè. Ṣáájú ogun náà, ó dà bí ẹni pé àwọn Soviet ní ìbákẹ́gbẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn Igbo. Ṣùgbọ́n Alákòóso Àgbà Soviet, Alexei Kosygin, sọ fún ìbànújẹ́ wọn ní Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1967 pé "àwọn ará Soviet lóye pátápátá" ìdí ti Nàìjíríà àti ìwúlò rẹ̀ "láti dènà kí orílẹ̀-èdè náà má baà túká."<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), p. 273. "From 1967 to 1970, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Poland sold Nigeria twelve L-29 Delfin training aircraft, forty-seven MiG-15 and MiG-17 fighter jets, and five Ilyushin-28 bombers, two of which Egypt transferred to Lagos. This constituted a virtual about-face in Soviet policy, because, until the secession, Moscow had evinced both admiration of the Igbos and sympathy for their plight. The Soviet Union chose pragmatism, in the form of alignment with federal Nigeria, over the ideological (if not idealist) alternative of support for Biafra."</ref> Lóde ìròyìn, ogun náà mú ìbáṣepọ̀ òṣèlú àti ìṣòwò láàárín '''Soviet Union''' àti Nàìjíríà sunwọ̀n sí i gan-an. Àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ '''Moskvitch''' bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fara hàn ní àyíká Lagos. '''USSR''' di orílẹ̀-èdè kan tó ń kó '''kòkó''' wọlé láti Nàìjíríà tó sì ń díje pẹ̀lú àwọn mìíràn.<ref name=":1" /> === China === Nínú àsọjáde rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ṣe pàtàkì lórí ogun náà ní oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 1968, Ilé-iṣẹ́ ìwé ìròyìn Xinhua Press Agency kéde pé Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ti Ṣáínà (People's Republic of China) ṣe atìlẹ́yìn kíkún fún ìjàkadì láti gba òmìnira ti àwọn ará Biafra lòdì sí ìjọba Nàìjíríà tí "àwọn amúnisìn Anglo-Amẹ́ríkà àti àwọn atúntò Soviet" ń tì lẹ́yìn. Ṣáínà pèsè ohun ìjà fún Biafra nípasẹ̀ Tanzania, wọ́n sì fi ohun ìjà tó tó dóla mílíọ̀nù 2 ránṣẹ́ ní ọdún 1968–1969.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> Soviet Union jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó ṣe atìlẹ́yìn jù lọ fún Nàìjíríà, wọ́n sì pèsè ohun ìjà lọ́pọ̀ yanturu. Ìdíje tuntun ti Ṣáínà pẹ̀lú àwọn Soviet nínú ìyapa Sino-Soviet lè ti nípa lórí atìlẹ́yìn rẹ̀ fún Biafra.<ref>Diamond, Stanley (2007). "Who Killed Biafra?". ''Dialectical Anthropology''. '''31''' (1/3): 339–362. doi:10.1007/s10624-007-9014-9. JSTOR 29790795. S2CID 144828601.</ref> === Israel === Láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀pẹ̀, Israel rí i pé Nàìjíríà yóò jẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè tó ṣe pàtàkì nínú ìṣèlú Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà, wọ́n sì ka àjọṣepọ̀ tó dára pẹ̀lú Lagos sí àfojúsùn ìlànà òṣèlú àgbáyé tó ṣe pàtàkì. Nàìjíríà àti Israel dá ìbáṣepọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1957. Ní ọdún 1960, Ìjọba Kìíní (United Kingdom) fàyè gba dídá iṣẹ́ àṣojú Israel sílẹ̀ ní Lagos, Israel sì fún ìjọba Nàìjíríà ní àwìn dóla mílíọ̀nù 10.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265341363</ref> Israel tún ní ìbáṣepọ̀ àṣà pẹ̀lú àwọn Igbo, èyí tí ó dá lórí àwọn àṣà kan tí ó ṣeéṣe kí wọ́n jọ ní. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí dúró fún àṣeyọrí ìbáṣepọ̀ òṣèlú tó ṣe pàtàkì, nítorí ìtọ́ka sí ìgbàgbọ́ Musulumi ti ìjọba tí àwọn ará Àríwá ń jẹ gaba lé lórí. Àwọn olórí kan ní Àríwá kò fọwọ́ sí àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú Israel, wọ́n sì kọ àwọn ará Israel láti wọ Maiduguri àti Sokoto.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), pp. 264–265. "Israel was certain that Nigeria, the most populous country on the continent (fifty- five million in 1960) and rich in oil, would have a great influence on African politics. The Israeli foreign ministry was determined to establish full diplomatic relations upon that colony's receipt of independence (1 October 1960). Ehud Avriel, ambassador to Ghana and a close confidant of both Prime Minister David Ben Gurion and Foreign Minister Golda Meir, cautioned that were Israel to fail to establish ties with Nigeria, 'all of our work in West Africa will have come to naught'."</ref> Israel kò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ta ohun ìjà fún Nàìjíríà títí di lẹ́yìn tí Aguyi-Ironsi gorí àga ní ọjọ́ Kẹtàdínlógún oṣù Kínní, ọdún 1966. A kà á sí àkókò tó dára láti mú ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí pẹ̀lú ìjọba àpapọ̀ sunwọ̀n sí i. Ram Nirgad di aṣojú Israel sí Nàìjíríà ní oṣù Kínní. Ó sì kó ọgbọ̀n tọ́ọ̀nù ìbọn mortar wọlé ní oṣù Kẹrin.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), p. 266.</ref> Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní wá ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti Israel ní oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 1966. Ó hàn gbangba pé Israel kọ àwọn ìbéèrè wọn léraléra, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n lè ti fi àwọn aṣojú Biafra sí àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú oníṣòwò ohun ìjà mìíràn.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), p. 267. "By September 1966, an open arms race had developed between the East and the Federal Government. In mid August, Ojukwu sent two representatives from the Eastern Region on a clandestine visit to Israel in a bid to purchase military hardware. Biafran attention to Israel was a highly astute move, primarily because the secessionists knew well what associations the massacres evoked for the Israelis."</ref> Ní ọdún 1968, Israel bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní pèsè ohun ìjà fún Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀—tó tó dóla 500,000 ní iye, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ẹ̀ka Ìpínlẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà ṣe sọ.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), p. 280.</ref> Ní àkókò kan náà, bí ó ti rí ní ibòmíràn, ipò tí nǹkan wà ní Biafra di gbángbá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà. Knesset (ilé-ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin Israel) jíròrò ọ̀rọ̀ yìí ní gbangba ní ọjọ́ Kẹtàdínlógún àti Kejìlélógún oṣù Keje ọdún 1968, wọ́n sì gba ìyìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn oníròyìn fún ìfẹ́-ọ̀kàn wọn. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú apá ọ̀tún àti apá òsì, àti àwọn ajàfitafita akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, sọ̀rọ̀ fún Biafra.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), pp. 270–271. "Uri Avneri of ''HaOlam HaZeh—Koach Hadash'' ('This World—New Force', a far left-wing faction) called for the establishment of diplomatic relations with Biafra, while Aryeh Ben-Eliezer, of the right-wing herut party, lambasted Egyptian and Soviet support of Nigeria. The Israeli press praised the Knesset's attention to Biafra, pointing out that Israel's parliament was the first in the world both to devote a session to the issue and to declare its intention to help the victims."</ref> Ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 1968, Ọmọ ogun Afẹ́fẹ́ Israel fi tààràrà ránṣẹ́ sí ohun èlò oúnjẹ tó tó tọ́ọ̀nù méjìlá sí ibi kan tó wà nítòsí lẹ́yìn ààlà afẹ́fẹ́ Nàìjíríà (Biafra). Ní ìkọ̀kọ̀, Mossad fún Biafra ní dóla 100,000 (nípasẹ̀ Zurich) wọ́n sì gbìyànjú láti kó ohun ìjà ránṣẹ́. Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, Israel ṣètò láti fi àwọn ohun ìjà ránṣẹ́ sí Biafra ní ìkọ̀kọ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú Ivory Coast.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), pp. 271–272.</ref><ref>https://unitedwithisrael.org/biafran-airlift-israels-secret-mission-to-save-lives/<nowiki/>Eitan Press. ''United With Israel. www.unitedwithisrael.org''. 13 October 2013. Accessed 13 January 2017.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó wà ní ìṣàlẹ̀ Sahara ní Áfíríkà máa ń tì àwọn Arabu lẹ́yìn nínú ìjàkadì Israel-Palestine nípa díbò fún àwọn àdéhùn tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Arabu ṣe ní Ìparapọ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè. Àfojúsùn pàtàkì kan nínú ìbáṣepọ̀ òṣèlú Israel ni láti yá àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà kúrò lọ́dọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Arabu, àti nítorí bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà ṣe ṣe atilẹ́yìn fún Nàìjíríà, Israel kò fẹ́ láti bínú wọn nípa síṣe atilẹ́yìn Biafra ní gbangba jù. <ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> === Egypt === Ààrẹ Gamal Abdel Nasser fi àwọn awakọ̀ òfurufú ti Ọmọ ogun Afẹ́fẹ́ Egypt ránṣẹ́ láti lọ jagun fún Nàìjíríà ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 1967. Wọ́n ń fi àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú MiG-17 tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ kó wọlé lọ. Ìwà àwọn awakọ̀ òfurufú Egypt láti fi àwọn bọ́ǹbù ja àwọn aráàlú Biafra láìwulò di ohun tí kò tọ́ nípa ìpolongo ogun, nítorí pé àwọn Biafra gbìyànjú gbogbo agbára wọn láti fi àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí àwọn aráàlú kú nípasẹ̀ àwọn ará Egypt han gbangba.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> Ní ìgbà òjò ọdún 1969, àwọn Nàìjíríà rọ́pò àwọn awakọ̀ òfurufú Egypt pẹ̀lú àwọn awakọ̀ òfurufú Europe tí wọ́n fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìmọ̀ tó pọ̀ sí i.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> === United States === Ogun abẹ́lé bẹ̀rẹ̀ nígbà tí Amẹ́ríkà wà lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso Ààrẹ Lyndon B. Johnson, ẹni tí ó fi ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ sí ogun abẹ́lé hàn gbangba pé ó jẹ́ ìdánìwọn. Akọ̀wé Ìpínlẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà, Dean Rusk, sọ pé "Amẹ́ríkà kò wà ní ipò láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀ nítorí pé Nàìjíríà jẹ́ agbègbè tí British nípa lórí."<ref>United States Department of State: The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (25 October 2005).</ref> Nípa ti ètò-ìṣèlú, àwọn ànfàní Amẹ́ríkà tẹ́lẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ni wọ́n ṣe atìlẹ́yìn fún Biafra. Amẹ́ríkà tún rí ìwúlò nínú àjọṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Lagos, wọ́n sì gbìyànjú láti dáàbò bo ìfowó-sí aládàáni tó tó dóla mílíọ̀nù 800 (gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n Ẹ̀ka Ìpínlẹ̀).<ref>Pierri, "A New Entry into the World Oil Market" (2013), pp. 105–106.</ref> Ìdúró ìdánìwọn ti Amẹ́ríkà kò gbajúmọ̀ ní gbogbo àgbáyé, ìgbìmọ̀ atìlẹ́yìn Biafra kan sì yọ jáde ní inú Amẹ́ríkà láti fi ìbáṣepọ̀ lé ìjọba Amẹ́ríkà lórí láti kópa sí i nínú ríràn Biafra lọ́wọ́. <ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/worldview/article/abs/biafra-lobby-and-us-foreign-policy/62C5A669114BC1B5350518DB483846D8 The “Biafra Lobby” and U.S. Foreign Policy | Worldview | Cambridge Core]</ref>"American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive" jẹ́ àjọ kan tí àwọn ajàfitafita Amẹ́ríkà dá sílẹ̀ láti sọ fún gbogbo ènìyàn Amẹ́ríkà nípa ogun náà àti láti yí èrò gbogbo ènìyàn padà sí Biafra.<ref>McNeil, Brian (3 July 2014). "'And starvation is the grim reaper': the American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive and the genocide question during the Nigerian civil war, 1968–70". ''Journal of Genocide Research''. '''16''' (2–3): 317–336.</ref> Biafra di ọ̀rọ̀ kan nínú ìdìbò ààrẹ Amẹ́ríkà ti ọdún 1968, ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 1968, Ààrẹ Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Richard Nixon, pe Lyndon B. Johnson láti gbésẹ̀ láti ran Biafra lọ́wọ́, ó sọ pé: "Títí di ìsinsìnyí, àwọn ìgbìyànjú láti ran àwọn ará Biafra lọ́wọ́ ti dojú kọ ìdènà látàrí ìfẹ́ ìjọba àárín gbùngbùn Nàìjíríà láti lépa ìṣẹ́gun pátápátá àti láìsí àdéhùn, àti láti inú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn ènìyàn Igbo pé fífi ara ẹni sílẹ̀ túmọ̀ sí ìpakúpa àti ìparun ẹ̀yà. Ṣùgbọ́n ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà ni ohun tí ó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ báyìí—ebi sì ni amúkúró líle koko."<ref>https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e5/54841.htm</ref> Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Biafra àti àwọn ajàfitafita tó tì Biafra lẹ́yìn ní Amẹ́ríkà ní ìrètí pé ìdìbò Richard Nixon gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààrẹ yóò yí ìlànà òṣèlú àgbáyé Amẹ́ríkà padà nípa ogun náà. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, nígbà tí Nixon di ààrẹ ní ọdún 1969, ó rí i pé kò púpọ̀ ohun tó lè ṣe láti yí ipò tó ti fìdí múlẹ̀ náà padà, yàtọ̀ sí pípè fún ìpàdé àlàáfíà mìíràn. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọwé olóṣèlú Amẹ́ríkà, Ernest W. Lefever, ṣe sọ, bí Amẹ́ríkà bá ti fi atìlẹ́yìn òṣìṣẹ́ fún Biafra, ìjọba Nàìjíríà kì í wulẹ̀ máa kọjá bẹ́ẹ̀, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà mìíràn tí wọ́n tì Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn nínú ogun náà náà yóò máa kọjá bẹ́ẹ̀. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ti jiyàn ní àṣeyọrí sí Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (UN) pé ogun náà jẹ́ ọ̀ràn ti inú orílẹ̀-èdè tí UN kò yẹ kí ó wà nínú rẹ̀. Ogun Vietnam jẹ́ ìdènà mìíràn sí ìbáṣepọ̀ Amẹ́ríkà nínú ọ̀rọ̀ Biafra. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo ìṣòro yìí wà, Nixon tẹ̀síwájú láti tì Biafra lẹ́yìn fúnra rẹ̀.<ref>[https://notevenpast.org/foreign-policy-from-candidate-to-president-richard-nixon-and-the-lesson-of-biafra/ Foreign Policy from Candidate to President: Richard Nixon and the Lesson of Biafra - Not Even Past]</ref> Akọ̀wé Ìpínlẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà, Henry Kissinger, ẹni tí òun fúnra rẹ̀ jẹ́ Juu tí ó sá àsálà kúrò nínú inúnibíni láti ọwọ́ Nazi Germany, ṣe afiwe àwọn ènìyàn Igbo sí àwọn Juu nínú ìwé ìrántí kan tí ó kọ sí Ààrẹ Amẹ́ríkà, Richard Nixon. Ó sọ pé: "Àwọn Igbo ni àwọn Juu alárìnkiri ti Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà – wọ́n ni ẹ̀bùn, wọ́n jẹ́ alágbára, wọ́n sì ti di ọ̀làjú; ní ti ó dára jù, a ń jowú wọn, a sì ń bínú sí wọn, ṣùgbọ́n ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbà àwọn aládùúgbò wọn nínú Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ ni wọn kò fẹ́ràn wọn."<ref>Chiluwa, Innocent; Chiluwa, Isioma M. (8 June 2020).https://www.jbe-{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.19041.chi''Journal of Language and Politics''. '''19''' (4): 583–603. doi:10.1075/jlp.19041.chi. ISSN 1569-2159. S2CID 214072392.</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ gbogbo èyí, Kissinger ṣì pinnu láti tì Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn nípa ìṣèlú. Gulf Oil Nigeria, ẹgbẹ́ kẹta tó ṣe pàtàkì nínú epo rọ̀bì Nàìjíríà, ti ń ṣe ìdá 9 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún epo tí ó ń jáde láti Nàìjíríà ṣáájú kí ogun tó bẹ̀rẹ̀. Gbogbo iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ wà ní etí òkun agbègbè Àárín-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn tí ìjọba àpapọ̀ ń ṣàkóso; nítorí náà, ó tẹ̀síwájú láti san owó-ori fún ìjọba àpapọ̀, àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ kò sì gbàgbé púpọ̀. === Canada === Nípasẹ̀ ìbéèrè ìjọba Nàìjíríà, Kánádà fi àwọn olùṣàkíyèsí mẹ́ta ránṣẹ́ láti wádìí àwọn ẹ̀sùn ìpakúpa àti ìwà ọ̀daràn ogun tí wọ́n fi kan àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà. Májò Gẹ́nẹ́rà W.A. Milroy àti àwọn ọ̀gágun Kánádà méjì mìíràn darapọ̀ mọ́ wọn ní ọdún 1968, ẹgbẹ́ Kánádà yìí sì dúró títí di oṣù Kejì ọdún 1970.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200804120959/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/od-bdo/di-ri-eng.asp?IntlOpId=131&CdnOpId=155</ref> === Rest of Africa === Biafra gbìyànjú láìyọrísí láti gba atilẹ́yìn láti ọwọ́ Òṣùṣù Àjọṣepọ̀ Áfíríkà (OAU), èyí tí ó jẹ́ àbáwọlé sí Ìparapọ̀ Áfíríkà (African Union). OAU, tí ìwé àdéhùn rẹ̀ fi dè láti kọjú sí ìyapa èyíkéyìí láti orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ kan, kọ ìgbìyànjú Biafra láti yapa kúrò ní Nàìjíríà. Bákan náà, nípa ìwé àdéhùn rẹ̀ láti yẹra fún ìdáwọ́lé nínú àwọn ọ̀ràn inú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, OAU kò ṣe ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bíi Ethiopia àti Egypt fi gbangba tì àwọn ìlànà ìjọba Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn láti dènà kí àwọn ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ má baà ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tiwọn. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, Biafra gba atilẹ́yìn láti ọwọ́ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà bíi Tanzania, Zambia, Gabon àti Ivory Coast. Àwọn awakọ̀ òfurufú Rhodesia kó ohun ìjà àti owó wọlé sí Biafra ní ìkọ̀kọ̀. Ken Flower, olórí ilé-iṣẹ́ aṣojú òye Rhodesia, sọ pé èyí jẹ́ apá kan nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ Àjọ Central Intelligence Organisation ti Rhodesia.<ref>White, Luise (2015). ''Unpopular sovereignty: Rhodesian independence and African decolonization''. Chicago (Ill.): The University of Chicago Press. ISBN <bdi>9780226235226</bdi>.</ref> === Foreign Mercenaries === Nítorí pé agbára ogun Nàìjíríà tóbi ju ti Biafra lọ, Biafra gbà àwọn òjìyà àjèjì láti tì wọ́n lẹ́yìn. Àwọn òjìyà tí wọ́n ti ní ìrírí ìjà ní Ìdààmú Kóngò ni wọ́n fi ìháragbágbá wá sí Biafra.<ref>https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,900387,00.html</ref> Òjìyà German kan, Rolf Steiner, ni wọ́n fi ṣe olórí Ẹgbẹ́ Kẹrin ti Àwọn Ajagun Biafra, ó sì jẹ́ olùdarí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́ta ọmọ ogun. Òjìyà Welsh kan, Taffy Williams, ọ̀kan nínú àwọn abẹ́ Steiner, ló ń ṣakóso ọgọ́rùn-ún ajagun Biafra. Àwọn abẹ́ Steiner mìíràn jẹ́ àpapọ̀ àwọn oníṣòwò láìní ìdúró tí ó ní Giorgio Norbiato (ará Ítálì); akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ ìbúgbàù Rhodesian, Johnny Erasmus; ọmọ ilẹ̀ Scotland, Alexander "Alec" Gay; ọmọ ilẹ̀ Ireland, Louis "Paddy" Malrooney; ará Corsica, Armand Iaranelli tí ó ti lè darapọ̀ mọ́ Foreign Legion nípa ṣíṣe bí ẹni pé ó jẹ́ ará Ítálì; àti oníbáárá Jamaica kan tí ó di òjìyà tí ó pe ara rẹ̀ ní "Johnny Korea."<ref>Jowett, Philip S. (2016). ''Modern African Wars (5). The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967–70''. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN <bdi>9781472816092</bdi>.</ref> Awakọ̀ òfurufú Polish-Swiss kan, Jan Zumbach, ṣe àwọn ọmọ ogun afẹ́fẹ́ Biafra tí kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ tòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ, ó sì jẹ́ olórí wọn. Awakọ̀ òfurufú Canadian, Lynn Garrison, awakọ̀ òfurufú Swedish, Carl Gustaf von Rosen, àti awakọ̀ òfurufú Rhodesian, Jack Malloch, jẹ́ olórí àwọn iṣẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ Biafra, wọ́n ń kọlu àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà wọ́n sì ń pèsè ohun ìjà àti ìrànlọ́wọ́ oúnjẹ. Àwọn awakọ̀ òfurufú Portuguese náà ṣiṣẹ́ ní Ọmọ ogun Afẹ́fẹ́ Biafra, wọ́n ń kó ohun ìjà láti Portugal lọ sí Biafra. Steiner dá ọmọ ogun ojú omi kékeré sílẹ̀ nípa yíyí díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi Chris-Craft Boats padà sí àwọn ọkọ̀ ogun, èyí tí ó fi hàn pé ó ṣaṣeyọrí nínú fífi ìkọlù àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ ṣe láti gba ohun ìjà àti àwọn ohun èlò.<ref>Venter, A.J. (2016). ''Biafra's War 1967–1970: A Tribal Conflict in Nigeria That Left a Million Dead''. p. 139.</ref> Ó ní ìrètí pé gbígbà àwọn òjìyà sí iṣẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà yóò ní ipa tó jọ ti Kóngò, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn òjìyà kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ ṣeéṣe nítorí pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà gba ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó péye àti tó tó lágbára ju àwọn jagunjagun Kóngò lọ.<ref>Baxter, Peter (2015). ''Biafra: The Nigerian Civil War 1967–1970''. Helion and Company. ISBN <bdi>9781910777473</bdi>.</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ní àwọn àṣeyọrí kan ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ (bíi Operation OAU), ó lé ní ìdajì nínú Ẹgbẹ́ Kẹrin ti Àwọn Ajagun ni àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà pa run nígbà Operation Hiroshima tí ó burú jáì láti ọjọ́ Kẹẹ̀dógún sí Kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 1968. Èyí yọrí sí ìrògbòdìyàn àti ìdààmú ẹ̀mí fún Steiner, tí ó sì yọrí sí gbígbé e kúrò nínú ipò àti rírọ́pò rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Taffy Williams. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Nàìjíríà hàn gbangba pé ó jẹ́ alátakò tó le koko, àwọn asọ̀rọ̀ lórí ogun náà ṣàkíyèsí pé àwọn òjìyà tó kù dà bí ẹni pé wọ́n ti ní ìfaramọ́ ti ara ẹni tàbí ti èrò sí ìdí Biafra, èyí tí ó jẹ́ àṣà tí kò wọ́pọ̀ fún àwọn òjìyà. Òjìyà Belgian kan, Marc Goosens, tí àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà pa nígbà ìgbìyànjú ìpa ara ẹni lásìkò Operation Hiroshima, ni wọ́n sọ pé ó ní ìwúrí láti padà sí Áfíríkà lẹ́yìn ìjà pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́bìnrin rẹ̀. Wọ́n ya Goosens lẹ́nu fọ́tò ṣáájú àti lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀.<ref>"The real dogs of war — JEREMY DUNS". ''www.jeremy-duns.com''.</ref> Steiner sọ pé òun jagun fún Biafra nítorí àwọn ìdí ti ìwòye, ó sọ pé àwọn ènìyàn Igbo jẹ́ olùfaragbá ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà, ṣùgbọ́n oníròyìn Amẹ́ríkà, Ted Morgan, fi àwọn ẹ̀sùn rẹ̀ ṣe yẹ̀yẹ́, ó ṣàpèjúwe Steiner gẹ́gẹ́ bí jagunjagun kan tí ó kàn fẹ́ràn ogun nítorí pé pípa ènìyàn ni ohun kan ṣoṣo tí ó mọ̀ bí ó ti ṣe dáadáa. Oníròyìn, Frederick Forsyth, tọ́ka sí Taffy Williams tí ó sọ̀rọ̀ dáadáa nípa àwọn abẹ́ rẹ̀ ní Biafra, "Mo ti rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ Áfíríkà nínú ogun. Ṣùgbọ́n kò sí ẹnikẹ́ni tó lè fi ọwọ́ kan àwọn ènìyàn yìí. Fún mi ní ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá ọmọ ogun Biafra fún oṣù mẹ́fà, a ó sì kọ́ ọmọ ogun kan tí kò lè ṣẹ́gun ní kọ̀tìnẹ́ntì yìí. Mo ti rí àwọn ọkùnrin tí wọ́n kú nínú ogun yìí tí wọ́n ì bá ti gba Victoria Cross ní ipò mìíràn."<ref>Baxter, Peter (2015). ''Biafra: The Nigerian Civil War 1967–1970''. Helion and Company. ISBN <bdi>9781910777473</bdi>.</ref> Lẹ́yìn ogun náà, oníròyìn kan béèrè lọ́wọ́ Philip Effiong, olórí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ gbogbogbòò Biafra, nípa ipa àwọn òjìyà nínú ogun náà. Ìdáhùn rẹ̀ ni: "Wọn kò ràn wá lọ́wọ́. Kò ní sí ìyàtọ̀ kankan bí ẹyọ kan nínú wọn kò bá wá ṣiṣẹ́ fún àwọn ọmọ ogun ìyapa. Rolf Steiner ló dúró pẹ́ jù lọ. Ó jẹ́ ipa búburú ju ohunkóhun mìíràn lọ. A láyọ̀ láti yọ ọ́ kúrò."<ref>Oyewole, Fola (1975). "Scientists and Mercenaries". ''Transition''. '''48''': 64–65.</ref> == Biafra Surrounded == Láti ọdún 1968 lọ, ogun náà di ìdádúró, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà tí kò lè tẹ̀síwájú sí àwọn agbègbè tí Biafra ṣì ń ṣàkóso nítorí ìjàkadì líle àti àwọn ìjákulẹ̀ ńlá ní Abagana, Arochukwu, Oguta, Umuahia (Operation OAU), Onne, Ikot Ekpene, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=http://www.dawodu.com/omoigui24.htm |access-date=2025-06-30 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010636/http://www.dawodu.com/omoigui24.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n ìgbìyànjú ìkọlù mìíràn láti ọwọ́ Nàìjíríà láti oṣù Kẹrin sí oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1968 bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní pa ẹnu ogun náà dé yípo àwọn Biafra pẹ̀lú títẹ̀síwájú síwájú sí i ní àwọn ibùdó àríwá méjèèjì àti ìgbà ti Port Harcourt ní ọjọ́ Kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kárùn-ún ọdún 1968. Ìdènà àwọn Biafra tí wọ́n dóti yorí sí àjálù ènìyàn nígbà tí ó hàn gbangba pé ebi àti ìyàn gbòòrò láàárín àwọn aráàlú ní àwọn agbègbè Igbo tí wọ́n ti yà sọ́tọ̀.<ref>Heerten & Moses, ''The Nigeria–Biafra War'' (2014), pp. 175–176. "In early May 1968, Biafra's principal port town and remaining access to the sea, Port Harcourt, fell to federal forces. The secessionist state was turned into a landlocked enclave. With federal forces tightening the noose around the secessionist territory, the shrinking Biafran enclave soon encompassed only the heart of Igboland. At the same time, this territory had to absorb increasing numbers of people fleeing federal offensives. After a year of fighting, the rump state was overpopulated, its people impoverished, lacking supplies, food and medicine."</ref> Ìjọba Biafra ròyìn pé Nàìjíríà ń lo ebi àti ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà láti ṣẹ́gun ogun náà, wọ́n sì wá ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti òkèèrè. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ aládàáni ní Amẹ́ríkà, lábẹ́ ìdarí Sẹ́nátọ̀ Ted Kennedy, dáhùn. Kò sí ẹni tí a dẹ́bi fún àwọn ìpakúpa wọ̀nyí. Ní oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 1968, ọmọ ogun Àpapọ̀ ṣe ètò ohun tí Gowon ṣàpèjúwe gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ìkọlù ìgbẹ̀yìn." Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra ti fọ̀ ìkọlù ìgbẹ̀yìn yìí ní òpin ọdún lẹ́yìn tí a ti lé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà kúrò níbi tí àwọn Biafra ti dènà wọ́n. Ní àwọn ìpele ìgbẹ̀yìn, ìkọlù Ìjọba Ológun Àpapọ̀ ti Gúúsù ṣàṣeyọrí láti wọlé. Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọdún 1969, àwọn Biafra ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìkọlù lòdì sí àwọn Nàìjíríà nínú ìgbìyànjú wọn láti má jẹ́ kí àwọn Nàìjíríà ní àlàáfíà, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní oṣù Kẹta nígbà tí Ẹ̀ka Kẹrìnlá ti ọmọ ogun Biafra tún gba Owerri wọ́n sì tẹ̀síwájú sí Port Harcourt, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n dádúró ní àríwá ìlú náà. Ní oṣù Kárùn-ún ọdún 1969, àwọn ajagun Biafra tún gba àwọn kànga epo rọ̀bì ní Kwale. Ní oṣù Keje ọdún 1969, àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra ṣe ìkọlù ńlá lórí ilẹ̀, tí àwọn awakọ̀ òjìyà àjèjì ń tì lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n tẹ̀síwájú láti fi oúnjẹ, àwọn ohun èlò ìṣègùn, àti ohun ìjà ránṣẹ́. Èyí tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ nínú àwọn òjìyà ni Count Carl Gustav von Rosen ti Sweden, ẹni tí ó dárí àwọn ìkọlù afẹ́fẹ́ pẹ̀lú ọkọ̀ òfurufú Malmö MFI-9 MiniCOIN mẹ́wàá tí ó ní ẹ̀rọ àìgbọ́dọ̀gbọ́n, tí ó ní àwọn ohun ìjà rọ́kẹ́ẹ̀tì àti ìbọn. Ọmọ ogun Afẹ́fẹ́ Biafra rẹ̀ ní àwọn ará Sweden mẹ́ta: von Rosen, Gunnar Haglund, àti Martin Lang. Àwọn awakọ̀ òfurufú méjì mìíràn jẹ́ ará Biafra: Willy Murray-Bruce àti Augustus Opke. Láti ọjọ́ Kejìlélógún oṣù Kárùn-ún sí ọjọ́ Kẹjọ oṣù Keje, ọdún 1969, àwọn ọmọ ogun kékeré von Rosen kọlu àwọn papa ọkọ̀ òfurufú ológun Nàìjíríà ní Port Harcourt, Enugu, Benin City àti Ughelli, wọ́n sì pa tàbí bà ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú Nigerian Air Force jẹ́ tí wọ́n fi ń kọlu àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú ìrànlọ́wọ́, pẹ̀lú díẹ̀ nínú MiG-17 àti mẹ́ta nínú àwọn Il-28 bombu Nàìjíríà mẹ́fà tí wọ́n fi ń fi bọ́ǹbù ja àwọn abúlé àti oko Biafra lójoojúmọ́. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìkọlù Biafra ti ọdún 1969 jẹ́ àṣeyọrí nípa ti ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ogun, àwọn Nàìjíríà tètè gbádùn ara wọn padà. Àwọn ìkọlù afẹ́fẹ́ Biafra ti díwọ́ àwọn iṣẹ́ ìjàkadì ti Ọmọ ogun Afẹ́fẹ́ Nàìjíríà, ṣùgbọ́n fún oṣù díẹ̀ péré. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdáhùn sí bí ìjọba Nàìjíríà ṣe ń lo àwọn àjèjì láti darí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ogun kan, ìjọba Biafra náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní gbàwọn òjìyà àjèjì sí iṣẹ́ láti mú ogun náà gùn.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140112190931/http://www.mercenary-wars.net/biafra/</ref> Rolf Steiner, tí wọ́n bí sí Germany, tí ó jẹ́ igbákejì kọ́ńpólọ́fú akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Àwọn Ajagun Kẹrin, àti Májò Taffy Williams, ará Welsh kan, nìkan ni yóò dúró fún gbogbo ìgbà ogun náà.<ref>Steiner, Rolf (1978). ''The Last Adventurer''. Boston: Little & Brown. ISBN <bdi>978-0-316-81239-9</bdi>.</ref> Nàìjíríà fi àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú àjèjì sí iṣẹ́, ní ìrísí MiG-17 ti Soviet àti àwọn bọ́ńbù Il-28.<ref>''Shadows : Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967–1970'', by Michael I. Draper (<nowiki>ISBN 1-902109-63-5</nowiki>)</ref> === Humanitarian crisis === Ìpakúpa Oṣù Kẹsàn-án àti ìgboyẹ̀yẹ̀ àwọn Igbo lẹ́yìn náà kúrò ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà ni ó di ìpìlẹ̀ fún ẹ̀bẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nípa ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn sí UN láti fòpin sí ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà, ó sì pese ìsopọ̀ ìtàn sí àwọn ẹ̀sùn Biafra ti ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà. Ìmọ̀ nípa ìdààmú tí ń rà kẹ́ṣẹ́ wá sí gbangba ní ọdún 1968. Ìwífún tan káàkiri, pàápàá nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ ìsìn, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìkìlọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ajíhìnrere. Kò sá àsálà fún àwọn àjọ Kristẹni káríayé pé àwọn Biafra jẹ́ Kristẹni, àwọn ará Àríwá Nàìjíríà tí ó sì ń ṣakóso ìjọba àpapọ̀ jẹ́ Musulumi.<ref>Heerten & Moses, ''The Nigeria–Biafra War'' (2014), p. 175. "In the first half of 1968, ever more religious groups and humanitarian organisations were alerted to the event, due in large measure to the presence of western missionaries. These religious ties were conduits for the transnational networks through which the conflict would be turned into an object of international humanitarian concern. For many Christian clerics and laypeople, the war seemed to be a cosmic drama fought between a vulnerable Christian Biafra and a northern Muslim-dominated federal Nigeria."</ref> Lára àwọn ìgbìyànjú Kristẹni wọ̀nyí ni àjọ Joint Church Aid àti Caritas, èyí tí ó kẹ́yìn ti sopọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìrànlọ́wọ́ Katoliki àgbáyé oríṣiríṣi.<ref>https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e5/54647.htm</ref> Ebi náà jẹ́ àbájáde ìdènà tí ìjọba Nàìjíríà fi lé Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn lórí ní àwọn oṣù tó ṣáájú ìyapa.<ref>McNeil, Brian (July 2014). "'And starvation is the grim reaper': the American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive and the genocide question during the Nigerian civil war, 1968–70". ''Journal of Genocide Research''. '''16''' (2–3): 317–336. doi:10.1080/14623528.2014.936723. S2CID 70911056.</ref> Frederick Forsyth, oníròyìn ní Nàìjíríà nígbà náà, tí ó sì di òǹkọ̀wé gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, ṣàkíyèsí pé ìṣòro pàtàkì ni kwashiorkor, àìtó èròjà amúniṣọnà (protein). Ṣáájú ogun abẹ́lé, orísun pàtàkì èròjà amúniṣọnà nínú oúnjẹ ni ẹja gbígbẹ tí a kó wọlé láti Norway, èyí tí a fi àwọn ẹlẹ́dẹ̀ abúlé, adìyẹ àti ẹyin kún. Ìdènà náà dènà gbígbé ohun èlò wọlé, àwọn ohun èlò amúniṣọnà abúlé sì tètè tán: "Oúnjẹ orílẹ̀-èdè náà ti di nǹkan bí ìdá 100 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àìwúhú báyìí."<ref>Forsyth, Frederick. The Outsider: My Life in Intrigue. NY: Putnam, p. 176</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àjọ alájọṣe ni wọ́n ṣètò ìrànlọ́wọ́ afẹ́fẹ́ Biafra, èyí tí ó pèsè àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú ìrànlọ́wọ́ tí ó fọ́ ìdènà wọ Biafra. Àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú wọ̀nyí ń kó oúnjẹ, oogun, àti nígbà mìíràn (gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ẹ̀sùn kan) àwọn ohun ìjà. Ohun tí ó wọ́pọ̀ jù lọ ni ẹ̀sùn pé àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú tí ó ń kó ohun ìjà yóò máa tẹ̀lé àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú ìrànlọ́wọ́ ní pẹ́kípẹ́kí, tí yóò sì mú kí ó ṣòro láti mọ ìyàtọ̀ láàárín àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àti àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú tí ó ń pèsè ohun èlò ogun.<ref>''Shadows : Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967–1970'', by Michael I. Draper (<nowiki>ISBN 1-902109-63-5</nowiki>)</ref> American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive yàtọ̀ sí àwọn àjọ mìíràn nípa fífi àtùpà gbé ètò kan kalẹ̀ láìpẹ́ láti fi ipá mú ìjọba Amẹ́ríkà láti kópa sí i nínú jíjẹ́ kí ìrànlọ́wọ́ rọrùn. Àwọn olùyọ̀ǹda-ara tẹ́lẹ̀ rí láti ọwọ́ Peace Corps tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ padà láti Nàìjíríà àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ kọléèjì ni wọ́n dá American Committee sílẹ̀ ní oṣù Keje ọdún 1968. Àwọn olùyọ̀ǹda-ara Peace Corps tí wọ́n wà ní Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn ni wọ́n ní àjọṣepọ̀ tó lágbára, wọ́n sì fi ara wọn hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí Igbo, èyí tí ó mú kí wọ́n fẹ́ ran Agbègbè Ìlà-Oòrùn lọ́wọ́.<ref>McNeil, Brian (July 2014). "'And starvation is the grim reaper': the American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive and the genocide question during the Nigerian civil war, 1968–70". ''Journal of Genocide Research''. '''16''' (2–3): 317–336. doi:10.1080/14623528.2014.936723. S2CID 70911056.</ref> Ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ènìyàn tí ó ń ran Count Carl Gustav von Rosen lọ́wọ́ ni Lynn Garrison, awakọ̀ òfurufú tẹ́lẹ̀ rí láti ọwọ́ RCAF (Ẹgbẹ́ Afẹ́fẹ́ Ọba Kánádà). Ó fi ọ̀nà Kánádà kan hàn Count náà nípa bí a ṣe lè fi àwọn apo oúnjẹ ránṣẹ́ sí àwọn agbègbè jíjìnnà ní Kánádà láìpàdánù ohun tó wà nínú wọn. Ó fi hàn bí a ṣe lè fi ìgò oúnjẹ kan sí inú ìgò tó tóbi sí i ṣáájú kí a tó sọ ọ́ sílẹ̀. Nígbà tí ìdìpọ̀ náà bá bá ilẹ̀, ìgò inú yóò ya, nígbà tí ìgò òde yóò pa ohun tó wà nínú rẹ̀ mọ́. Pẹ̀lú ọ̀nà yìí, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ tọ́ọ̀nù oúnjẹ ni a fi ránṣẹ́ sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ Biafra tí ì bá ti kú nítorí ebi.<ref>Farran, Roy. "Calgarian active in Biafran conflict." ''North Hill News,'' 19 October 1968.</ref> Bernard Kouchner jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn dókítà Faranse tí wọ́n yọ̀ǹda ara wọn pẹ̀lú French Red Cross láti ṣiṣẹ́ ní ilé ìwòsàn àti àwọn ibùdó ìpèsè oúnjẹ ní Biafra tí wọ́n dóti. Red Cross nílò kí àwọn olùyọ̀ǹda-ara fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn kan, èyí tí àwọn kan (bíi Kouchner àti àwọn olùtìlẹ́yìn rẹ̀) kà sí pé ó jọ àṣẹ ìdákẹ́jẹ́ẹ́, tí a ṣe láti mú ìdánìwọn àjọ náà dúró, láìka ohun tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀ sí. Kouchner àti àwọn dókítà Faranse mìíràn fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn yìí.<ref>https://www.newtelegraphng.com/july-6-nightfall-dawn/{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n wọ orílẹ̀-èdè náà, àwọn olùyọ̀ǹda-ara, pẹ̀lú àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìlera Biafra àti àwọn ilé-ìwòsàn, dojú kọ àwọn ìkọlù láti ọwọ́ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà, wọ́n sì rí bí àwọn aráàlú ṣe ń pa àwọn ènìyàn àti bí ebi ṣe ń pa wọ́n látàrí àwọn ọmọ ogun tó ń dènà. Kouchner náà jẹ́rìí sí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí, pàápàá nípa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọdé tí ebi ń pa, nígbà tí ó sì padà sí Faranse, ó fi gbangba kọjú sí ìjọba Nàìjíríà àti Red Cross fún ìwà wọn tí ó dà bí èyí tí wọ́n jọ nímọ̀ sí. Pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn dókítà Faranse mìíràn, Kouchner mú Biafra wá sí àfiyèsí àwọn agbéròyìn, ó sì pè fún ìdáhùn àgbáyé sí ipò náà. Àwọn dókítà wọ̀nyí, lábẹ́ ìdarí Kouchner, parí èrò sí pé àjọ ìrànlọ́wọ́ tuntun kan nílò tí yóò fojú pa àwọn ààlà ìṣèlú/ìsìn rẹ́, tí yóò sì fi ìlera àwọn olùfaragbá sí ipò àkọ́kọ́. Wọ́n dá Comité de Lutte contre le Génocide au Biafra sílẹ̀, èyí tí ó di Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) ní ọdún 1971.<ref>Bortolotti, Dan (2004). ''Hope in Hell: Inside the World of Doctors Without Borders'', Firefly Books. <nowiki>ISBN 1-55297-865-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Heerten & Moses, "The Nigeria–Biafra War" (2014), p. 177.</ref> Ìdààmú náà mú kí ìgbérùsí ńlá wá nínú ìgbajúmọ̀ àti ìnáwó àwọn Àjọ Àwọn Aládàáni (NGOs).<ref>Heerten & Moses, "The Nigeria–Biafra War" (2014), p. 177. "The Biafran crisis was also connected to wider changes in the relief sector. In particular, it resulted in a massive spending increase through state funds and public donations, leading to the growth and proliferation of NGOs."</ref><ref>O'Sullivan, "Humanitarian Encounters" (2014), p. 299. "The Biafran humanitarian crisis holds a critical place in the history of non-government organisations (NGOs). It prompted the creation of new agencies, like Africa Concern, and thrust existing ones, like Oxfam, into a spotlight they have left only rarely since. As part of a wider 'NGO moment', it focused public and official attention on the role of non-state actors and accelerated the emergency of an internationalised, professionalised aid industry that took centre stage in the mid 1980s."</ref> === Ipa Kókó ti Agbéròyìn àti Èrò Gbọ̀ngàn lórí Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà === Ijade gbangba ati ibatan gbogbo gbangba kó ipa pataki ninu Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà nitori agbara wọn lati ni ipa lori iwa ija ni ile ati lori bi awọn orilẹ-ede ṣe n kopa. Awọn ẹgbẹ́ mejeeji gbẹkẹle atilẹyin lati ita pupọ. Biafra gba ile-iṣẹ agbega orukọ to wa ni New York, Ruder and Finn, lati rọ awọn ara ilu Amẹrika lati ṣe atilẹyin wọn. Sibẹsibẹ, kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ pẹ́ titi Biafra fi gba ile-iṣẹ agbega orukọ Markpress ni Geneva ni Oṣu Kini ọdun 1968, ki a to bẹrẹ si ni ri atilẹyin pataki lati awọn orilẹ-ede.<ref>Stremlau, John J. (2015). ''The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN <bdi>9781400871285</bdi>.</ref> William Bernhardt, adari Markpress, ti o jẹ amoye lori ibatan gbogbo gbangba lati Amẹrika, ni wọn san 12,000 Swiss francs fun oṣu kan fun iṣẹ rẹ, o si reti lati ni ipin ninu owo epo Biafra lẹhin ogun naa.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko ''The Biafran Humanitarian Crisis, 1967–1970:'' (2016) p. 68.</ref> Iṣe Markpress lati fi ogun naa han bi ijakadi fun ominira nipasẹ awọn Igbo Katoliki lodi si ijọba ti awọn Musulumi n dari ni ariwa, mu atilẹyin awọn Katoliki lati gbogbo agbaye wa, paapaa ni Amẹrika.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko, ''The Biafran Humanitarian Crisis, 1967–1970'' (2016), pp. 69–70.</ref> Yato si lati fi ogun naa han bi rogbodiyan laarin awọn Kristiani ati Musulumi, Markpress fi ẹsun kan ijọba Federal pe wọn n ṣe ipaeyarun si awọn Igbo, ipolongo ti o munadoko pupọ nitori awọn aworan awọn Igbo ti ebi n pa gba iyọnu agbaye.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko, ''The Biafran Humanitarian Crisis, 1967–1970'', (2016) p. 70.</ref> Nígbà ooru ọdún 1968, àwọn ìpolongo agbéròyìn tí ó dá lórí ìṣòro àwọn ará Biafra gbòòrò sí i káàkiri àgbáyé. Àwọn olórí Biafra àti lẹ́yìn náà káàkiri gbogbo àgbáyé, fi àwọn ìpakúpa àti ìyàn náà sínú ẹgbẹ́ ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà, wọ́n sì fi wé Ìpakúpa Juu (Holocaust). Àbá kan nípa ìbáṣepọ̀ àwọn Igbo pẹ̀lú Juu ni a lò láti fi mú ìfiwéra náà lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn Juu ní Germany. Nínú àwọn ìwé ìròyìn àgbáyé, wọ́n fi àwọn àgọ́ àwọn ìpátì Igbo wé àwọn àgọ́ ìparun Nazi.<ref>Heerten & Moses, "The Nigeria–Biafra War" (2014), pp. 178–179. "Further elevating the genocide reproaches, the eastern (later the Biafran) leadership frequently made comparisons to the Holocaust to draw attention to their cause. This analogy originated in ethnological genealogies that cast the Igbos as the 'Jews of Africa', even as one of Israel's 'lost tribes'. The Biafran leadership drew on this representation that many eastern Nigerians had adopted as their self-perception. This analogy, combined with the genocide charge, was used by the leadership to secure the support of the population, and to build loyalty to Biafra by emphasising the threat from a common enemy. The 'Jews of Africa' envisioned their state like an 'African Israel', a new nation born of genocidal violence. / Soon, the growing cast of Biafra's supporters around the globe adopted this rhetoric, further elaborating it in the process. After the publication of images of starving Biafran children in the western media, analogies and comparisons with the Holocaust abounded internationally."</ref> Awọn ipe iranlọwọ omoniyan yatọ si ara wọn lati ibi de ibi. Ni Ìjọba Kìíní (United Kingdom), iranlọwọ omoniyan lo awọn ọna ti o faramọ ti ojuse ijọba amunisin; ni Ireland, awọn ipolowo nifẹ si isọkan lori Igbagbọ Katoliki ati awọn iriri ogun abẹ́lé ti wọn pin.<ref>O'Sullivan, ''Humanitarian Encounters'' (2014), pp. 304–305. "In Britain humanitarianism became a vessel through which society could construct a new sense of national purpose; it amounted, in essence, to a benign re-imagining of imperial compassion for a postcolonial world. When the Biafran crisis erupted, it offered an opportunity to renew this emphasis on the country's responsibilities ... On the surface, the Irish response to Biafra was built on something very different to the British: a shared religion (Catholicism), a common colonial experience and a narrative of humanitarian disaster. At the launch of the JBFA in June 1968, one speaker reminded the assembled that Ireland and Nigeria were united in their knowledge of 'the horror of famine and civil war'."</ref> Gbogbo awọn ipe wọnyi lo awọn iye aṣa atijọ lati ṣe atilẹyin fun awoṣe titun ti awọn NGOs kariaye.<ref>O'Sullivan, ''Humanitarian Encounters'' (2014), p. 305. "Yet the dominance of the decolonisation paradigm suggests that the experiences of the British and Irish NGOs were much closer than they might at first appear. From different starting points, and with differing goals, NGOs in both states assumed the mantel of organised reactions and re-imaginings of their countries' roles for the postcolonial era. Where the British public used humanitarianism to negotiate the shift from formal empire to responsible power, the changing role of Irish Catholic missionaries reflected the need to re-articulate the Irish 'spiritual empire' for this new world."</ref> Ni Ireland, ero gbogbo gbangba fi ara wọn pọ̀ pẹlu Biafra nitori pe ọpọlọpọ awọn alufa Katoliki ti o n ṣiṣẹ ni Biafra jẹ ara Ireland ti wọn si ni iyọnu fun awọn Biafra, ti wọn ri bi awọn Katoliki ti o n ja fun ominira. Akọwe iroyin ara Ireland, John Hogan, ti o bo ogun naa sọ pe: "Irokeke ebi, pẹlu ijakadi ominira, ni ipa oṣelu ati ti ẹdun ti ko le ṣe alainidena lori ero gbogbo gbangba ara Ireland, ti o di atilẹyin pupọ fun awọn ọkọ ofurufu ti o n gbe ounjẹ ati awọn ohun elo iwosan lọ si republic kekere naa, nipasẹ erekusu Portuguese ti o wa ni ita okun, São Tomé."<ref>https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/how-ireland-got-involved-in-a-nigerian-civil-war-1.3089229</ref> Lilo ebi gẹgẹbi ọna ti ijọba Federal fi mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fẹ́ mu Biafra wa si isalẹ fa ifiwe pẹlu Iyan Nla ti Ireland ti awọn ọdun 1840, nigba ti ọpọlọpọ awọn ara Ireland ri ifiwe pẹlu ijakadi awọn Igbo fun ominira pẹlu ijakadi ominira tiwọn. Akọwe iroyin ara British ti o tì Biafra lẹ́yìn, Frederick Forsyth, bẹrẹ si ni bo ogun naa ni igba ooru ọdun 1967 fun BBC, ṣugbọn o binu si iduro ti ijọba British ti o tì Nigeria lẹ́yìn, o si fi ipo rẹ silẹ gẹgẹbi atako ni Oṣu Kẹsàn-án ọdun 1967. O pada gẹgẹbi akọwe iroyin aladani ni ọdun 1968, Forysth ṣiṣẹ pẹkipẹki pẹlu Irish Holy Ghost Fathers lati gba alaye nipa iyan naa, ati awọn iroyin rẹ lati Biafra ni ipa nla lori ero gbogbo gbangba British.<ref>Heerten, Lasse, ''The Biafran War and Postcolonial Humanitarianism: Spectacles of Suffering'' (2017) p. 98</ref> Ní Israel, wọn fi ìpakúpa Juu (Holocaust) wé ipò tí wọ́n wà ní Biafra, bákan náà ni wọ́n gbé èrò náà ga pé ìhalẹ̀ mọ́ni wà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn aládùúgbò Musulumi tó jẹ́ ọ̀tá. Èrò yìí ni wọ́n lò láti fi túbọ̀ fi ìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pé ìjà Biafra kò yàtọ̀ sí ìjà àwọn Juu, tí wọ́n dojú kọ inúnibíni àti ìpakúpa látàrí ẹ̀sìn.<ref>Levey, "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra civil war" (2014), p. 270. "Michal Givoni points out that after June 1967, Israelis viewed the Biafrans as a people threatened in a manner similar to Israel during the crisis period that preceded the war.60 She also notes that Israel's daily newspapers reported frequently and prominently on what they termed the 'genocide' taking place in Nigeria. The general public in Israel, in the wake of that intense press coverage, expressed revulsion at the world's feckless response and the helplessness of the Biafran victims, which, for Israelis, recalled their own catastrophe."</ref> Ogun Biafra jẹ́ kí àwọn ará ìwọ̀-oòrùn rí ìṣòro àwọn ọmọdé Áfíríkà tí ebi ń pa. Ìyàn Biafra jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn àjálù Áfíríkà àkọ́kọ́ tí ó gba àfiyèsí gbòòrò láti ọ̀dọ̀ agbéròyìn, èyí tí ìgbèrú àwọn ẹ̀rọ tẹlifíṣọ̀n mú kí ó ṣeéṣe.<ref>Heerten & Moses, "The Nigeria–Biafra War" (2014), p. 176.</ref> Àjálù tí tẹlifíṣọ̀n fi hàn àti ìgbèrú àwọn Àjọ Aládàáni (NGOs) tún ara wọn lágbára sí i; àwọn NGO ní àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ ìbáraẹnisọ̀rọ̀ tiwọn, wọ́n sì kó ipa pàtàkì nínú bí ìròyìn ṣe rí.<ref>O'Sullivan, ''Humanitarian Encounters'' (2014), pp. 303–304. "As NGOs moved to centre stage in translating humanitarian concern into humanitarian action, they took on an equally important role in mediating between the lives of donors and life 'on the ground' in the Third World. Their advertisements, images and stories dominated the public narrative. In some cases, they did so in quite a direct fashion—Africa Concern, for example, established its own telex service to send up-to-date reports to the major Irish media outlets straight from west Africa, and in so doing had a considerable influence on the news agenda."</ref> Àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kà Biafra kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa àwọn ọ̀nà ìpolongo ìwọ̀-oòrùn, wọ́n sì fi pẹ̀lẹ́-pẹ̀lẹ́ gbé àwọn ìfìsọ̀rọ̀-ọ̀rọ̀ gbọ̀ngàn jáde lọ́nà tí wọ́n gbà mọ̀ọ́mọ̀. Àwọn agbétèwé Biafra ní iṣẹ́ méjì: láti rawọ́ ẹ̀bẹ̀ sí èrò gbọ̀ngàn àgbáyé, àti láti ṣètọ́jú ìwà rere àti ẹ̀mí ìfẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè nílé. Àwọn àwòrán olóṣèlú jẹ́ ọ̀nà tí wọ́n fẹ́ràn jù lọ fún títẹ ìtumọ̀ ogun náà tí ó rọrùn jáde. Biafra tún lo ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìbéèrè láti fi àwọn ìhìn ìwà ìkà tí Nàìjíríà ní láti inú rẹ̀ sílẹ̀. Òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn àròsọ, Chinua Achebe, di ajàfitafita ìpolongo Biafra, ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn agbẹnusọ pàtàkì rẹ̀ lágbàáyé.<ref>Roy Doron, "Marketing genocide: Biafran propaganda strategies during the Nigerian civil war, 1967–70", ''Journal of Genocide Research'' 16.2–3, August 2014. "In order to organise a coherent policy, and to create a strategy to circumvent the obstacles of creating effective propaganda during wartime, the Biafrans created a series of plans, of which only one, 'Guide lines [''sic''] for effective propaganda' (also called Plan #4), remains. The plan's first part details the general purpose, aims, techniques, and strategies of the campaign. The second part explains how the Biafran 'propaganda man' was to deal with the unique challenges of operating in a war so close to home and a home front that was increasingly under siege, blockaded and teeming with refugees. / The authors of the guidelines studied propaganda techniques very carefully, and incorporated the lessons of Allied and Axis propaganda during World War II with strategies used in the advertising world. Thus, when the Biafrans discussed hate appeals as an effective propaganda tactic, they invoked Josef Goebbels' words, 'we are enemies of the Jews, because we are fighting for the freedom of the German' alongside catchy advertising slogans such as 'Fresh up with Seven-up!'"</ref> Ní ọjọ́ Kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kárùn-ún ọdún 1969, Bruce Mayrock, akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ kan ní Columbia University, fi iná sun ara rẹ̀ ní gbọ̀ngàn Ile-iṣẹ Agba ti Ajo Agbaye (United Nations Headquarters) ní New York, láti fi tako ohun tí ó kà sí ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà lòdì sí àwọn ará Biafra.<ref>https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/69591865/</ref><ref>Achebe, Chinua (2012). "Blood, Blood Everywhere". ''There was a country : a personal history of Biafra''. London: Allen Lane. ISBN <bdi>978-1-84614-576-6</bdi>.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19690603-01.2.8&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------ |access-date=2025-06-30 |archive-date=2014-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051955/http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19690603-01.2.8&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2014/05/30-may-biafra-independence-bruce.html 30 May Biafra Independence & Bruce Mayrock Story | Sri Lanka Guardian]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ó kú nítorí àwọn ìfarapa rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kejì. Ní ọjọ́ Kẹẹ̀ẹdọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 1969, akọrin John Lennon da àmì ẹ̀yẹ MBE tí Ayaba Elizabeth Kejì fún un ní ọdún 1964 padà láti fi tako atilẹ́yìn Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì fún Nàìjíríà. Nínú lẹ́tà rẹ̀ sí Ayaba nígbà tí ó da MBE padà, Lennon kọ̀wé pé: "Kabiyesi mi, mo n da eleyi pada lati fi tako ikopa Britain ninu oro Nigeria-Biafra, lodi si atileyin wa fun America ni Vietnam, ati lodi si Cold Turkey ti o n yọ si isalẹ awọn shart. Pelu ifẹ. John Lennon."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/8378080.stm</ref> == Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Ibùdó Epo Kwale == Ní Oṣù Kárùn-ún ọdún 1969, àwọn ajagun Biafra kan kọlu ibùdó epo kan ní Kwale. Nínú ìkọlù yìí, wọ́n pa àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Saipem àti àwọn onímọ̀ ẹ̀rọ Agip mọ́kànlá. Wọ́n tún kó àwọn ará Europe mẹ́ta tí kò farapa lẹ́rú. Lẹ́yìn náà, ní ibùdó ìdàgbàsókè Okpai tó wà nítòsí, àwọn ajagun Biafra yí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àjèjì mọ́kàndínlógún mìíràn ká, wọ́n sì kó wọn lẹ́rú. Àwọn tí wọ́n kó lẹ́rú pẹ̀lú ará Ítálì mẹ́rìnlá, ará Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Jámánì mẹ́ta, àti ará Lébánọ́nù kan. Wọ́n sọ pé àwọn àjèjì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n rí tí wọ́n ń bá àwọn Nàìjíríà jagun lòdì sí àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra, àti pé wọ́n ran àwọn Nàìjíríà lọ́wọ́ láti kọ́ àwọn òpópónà láti fi ṣèrànwọ́ nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ wọn lòdì sí Biafra. Ìgbẹ́jọ́ ni ilé-ẹjọ́ Biafra ṣe wọ́n, wọ́n sì dá wọn lẹ́bi ikú.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51094093</ref> Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí fa ìbínú àgbáyé kan. Nínú oṣù tí ó tẹ̀lé e, Pope Paul VI, àwọn ìjọba Ítálì, Ìjọba Kìíní (United Kingdom) àti Amẹ́ríkà (United States of America) fi ìfúnpá pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Biafra. Ní ọjọ́ Kẹrin oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1969, lẹ́yìn tí ó gba lẹ́tà tààràrà láti ọwọ́ Pope, Ojukwu dáríji àwọn àjèjì náà. Wọ́n dá wọn sílẹ̀ fún àwọn aṣojú pàtàkì tí àwọn ìjọba Ivory Coast àti Gabon rán, wọ́n sì fi Biafra sílẹ̀.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160423060946/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/the-kwale-oilfi-eld-incident-nigeria-biafra-war-2/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=http://www.segun.bizland.com/ojukwu.htm |access-date=2025-06-30 |archive-date=2016-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107111556/http://www.segun.bizland.com/ojukwu.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Iparí Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà == Pẹ̀lú àfikún atilẹ́yìn láti ọwọ́ Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà tún ṣe ìkọlù ìgbẹ̀yìn wọn lòdì sí àwọn Biafra ní ọjọ́ Kẹtàlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1969, pẹ̀lú ìgbìyànjú ńlá láti ọwọ́ Ẹ̀ka Kẹta ti Àwọn Ajagun Omi (3rd Marine Commando Division). Ẹ̀ka yìí wà lábẹ́ ìdarí Kòlónẹ́lì Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ (ẹni tí ó di ààrẹ lẹ́ẹ̀mejì lẹ́yìn náà), tí ó ṣàṣeyọrí nínú pípín agbègbè Biafra sí méjì ní òpin ọdún náà. Ìkọlù ìgbẹ̀yìn ti Nàìjíríà, tí a pè ní "Operation Tail-Wind", bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù Kínní ọdún 1970, pẹ̀lú Ẹ̀ka Kẹta ti Àwọn Ajagun Omi tí ó ń kọlu, tí Ẹ̀ka Kìíní ti Ọmọ ogun aláṣẹ sí àríwá àti Ẹ̀ka Kejì ti Ọmọ ogun aláṣẹ sí gúúsù sì tì wọ́n lẹ́yìn. Àwọn ìlú Biafra bíi Owerri wó ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù Kínní, Uli sì wó ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù Kínní. Ní ọjọ́ díẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbà náà, Ojukwu sá àsálà lọ sí ìkọ́kùn nípa ọkọ̀ òfurufú lọ sí Ivory Coast, ó fi igbákejì rẹ̀, Philip Effiong, sílẹ̀ láti tọ́jú àwọn àlàyé nípa fífi ara ẹni sílẹ̀ fún Gẹ́nẹ́rà Yakubu Gowon ti Ọmọ ogun Àpapọ̀ ní ọjọ́ Kẹtàlá oṣù Kínní ọdún 1970. Ìwé fífi ara ẹni sílẹ̀ ni a fọwọ́ sí ní ọjọ́ Kẹrìnlá oṣù Kínní ọdún 1970 ní Lagos, báyìí ni ogun abẹ́lé náà fi dópin, àti ìyapa náà sì dópin. Ìjàkadì dópin ní ọjọ́ díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ń tẹ̀síwájú sí àwọn agbègbè tí Biafra ṣì wà lábẹ́ ìdarí rẹ̀, èyí tí kò rí ìjàkadì díẹ̀.<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/ojukwu-obasanjo-gowon-soyinka-key-actors-defined-biafran-war/</ref> Lẹ́yìn ogun náà, Gowon sọ pé: "Orí ìtàn ìwà ipá tí ó banújẹ́ ti parí báyìí. A wà ní àárín ọ̀kọ̀ àlàáfíà orílẹ̀-èdè. Lẹ́ẹ̀kan sí i, a ní ànfàní láti kọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè tuntun kan. Àwọn ará ìlú mi ọ̀wọ́n, a gbọ́dọ̀ san ọlá fún àwọn tí ó ti ṣubú, fún àwọn akọni tí wọ́n ti fi ẹbọ ìgbẹ̀yìn lélẹ̀ kí a lè kọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè kan tí ó tóbi nípa ìdájọ́ òtítọ́, òwò tí ó dára, àti ilé-iṣẹ́."<ref>https://www.upi.com/Archives/Audio/Events-of-1970/Apollo-13/</ref> == Legacy == === Àwọn Ìwà Ìkà sí Àwọn Igbo === Ogun abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà fa ìpàdánù ńlá fún àwọn Igbo nípa ẹ̀mí, owó àti ohun amáyéde. A ti fojú bù ú pé ó lé ní mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn ló lè ti kú nítorí ìjàkadì náà, púpọ̀ nínú wọn nítorí ebi àti àìsàn tí àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà fa.<ref>http://www.war-memorial.net/Nigerian-Civil-War--3.140</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm</ref> Ó ju ìdajì mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn lọ ló kú nítorí ìyàn tí wọ́n mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fi òfin de gbogbo ogun náà. Àìsí oògùn náà tún jẹ́ ìdí mìíràn. Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn ló ń kú nítorí ebi lójoojúmọ́ bí ogun náà ti ń tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>Stevenson, ''Capitol Gains'' (2014), p. 314</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Àgbáyé ti Red Cross ní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 1968 fojú bù ú pé 8,000 sí 10,000 ènìyàn ló ń kú nítorí ebi lójoojúmọ́.<ref>Korieh, Chima J. (December 2013). "Biafra and the discourse on the Igbo Genocide". ''Journal of Asian and African Studies''. '''48''' (6): 727–740. doi:10.1177/0021909613506455. ISSN 0021-9096. S2CID 145067114.</ref> Olórí àwọn aṣojú ìjọba Nàìjíríà ní àpéjọ àlàáfíà kan sọ ní ọdún 1968 pé "ebi jẹ́ ohun ìjà ogun tí ó tọ́, a sì ní gbogbo èrò láti lò ó lòdì sí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀." Ìdúró yìí ni a sábà máa ń kà sí pé ó fi ìlànà ìjọba Nàìjíríà hàn.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/29/books/starvation-was-the-policy.html</ref> A fi ẹ̀sùn kan ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà pé wọ́n tún ṣe àwọn ìwà ìkà mìíràn bíi fífí bọ́ǹbù ja àwọn aráàlú lọ́fínfín, ìpakúpa pẹ̀lú ìbọn àyànfún, àti ìfipá-bá-obìnrin-lòpọ̀.<ref>Ijeoma Njoku, Carol (2013). "A Paradox of International Criminal Justice: The Biafra Genocide". ''Journal of Asian and African Studies''. '''48''' (6).</ref> === Igbo nationalism === Ìtẹ̀síwájú Ìgbà Àkọ́kọ́ ti Ìfẹ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè Igbo Lẹ́yìn Ogun Abẹ́lé<ref>Onuoha, C; Nwangwu, FC (November 2020). "The political economy of Biafra separatism and post-war Igbo nationalism in Nigeria". ''African Affairs''. '''119''' (477): 526–551. doi:10.1093/afraf/adaa025. <q>The first generation of Igbo nationalism started immediately after the Nigerian Civil War in 1970, and it is championed and dominated by the conservative Igbo petty bourgeoisie</q></ref> === Ethnic minorities in Biafra === Àwọn kéréje-kéréje ẹ̀yà (bíi Ibibio, Ijaw, Ogoni àti àwọn mìíràn) jẹ́ nǹkan bí ìdá ogójì nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (40%) gbogbo àwọn ará Biafra ní ọdún 1966.<ref>https://encompass.eku.edu/jora/vol1/iss1/2</ref> Ìwà àwọn kéréje-kéréje ẹ̀yà wọ̀nyí sí ogun náà kọ́kọ́ pínyà ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ogun náà. Wọ́n ti jẹ ààbò irú kan náà bí àwọn Igbo ní Àríwá, wọ́n sì ní ẹ̀rù àti ìbẹ̀rù kan náà bí àwọn Igbo.<ref>Akpan, Ntieyong U. The Struggle for Secession, 1966–1970: A Personal Account of the Nigerian Civil War. (2nd ed.). online: Routledge. p. 152, <nowiki>ISBN 0714629499</nowiki>.</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, àwọn ìṣe àwọn aláṣẹ Biafra tí ó fi hàn pé wọ́n fẹ́ràn àwọn Igbo tó pọ̀ jù lọ yí èrò wọn padà sí òdì. Ìfura ńlá ni wọ́n fi kàn àwọn kéréje-kéréje ẹ̀yà àti àwọn alátakò Biafra.<ref>Akpan, Ntieyong U. The Struggle for Secession, 1966–1970: A Personal Account of the Nigerian Civil War. (2nd ed.). online: Routledge. p. 152, "The first evidence came when the East started to recruit young men into the army. Thousands from all over the Region turned up daily for recruitment. While the Ibo candidates were regularly selected, scarcely any from non-Ibo areas were recruited." <nowiki>ISBN 0714629499</nowiki>.</ref> <ref>http://encompass.eku.edu/jora/vol1/iss1/2</ref>Wọ́n ṣe àwọn ìwádìí tí a pè ní "combing exercises" láti wá àwọn ajẹ́bánkẹ́, tàbí "sabo," bí wọ́n ṣe sábà máa ń pè wọ́n, nínú àwọn àgbègbè wọ̀nyí. Orúkọ "sabo" yìí ni a bẹ̀rù púpọ̀, nítorí pé ó sábà máa ń yọrí sí ikú láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra tàbí àwọn ògbójú.<ref>"William Norris of the ''London Times'' who visited Biafra, also reported an eyewitness account in which some of the great men of Ibibio ethnic origin were beaten to death at Umuahia on April 2, 1968. These Ibibios who included old men and young men were apparently suspected of collaborating with advancing Nigerian troops. They were reportedly frog-marched across an open space while the local people attacked them with sticks and clubs."</ref> Àwọn ẹ̀sùn wọ̀nyí mú kí gbogbo àwùjọ dojú kọ ìwà ipá bíi pípa ènìyàn, ìfipá-bá-obìnrin-lòpọ̀, gbígbé ènìyàn lọ láìní àṣẹ, àti fífi wọn sínú àwọn àgọ́ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra.<ref>Graham-Douglas, Ojukwu's Rebellion, p. 17. "Some six thousand Rivers people were sent to different refugee camps in the Igbo hinterland."</ref> Biafran Organization of Freedom Fighter (BOFF) jẹ́ àjọ ológun kan tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ààbò aráàlú dá sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìtọ́nisọ́nà láti tẹ ọ̀tá lórí ba, wọ́n sì kópa nínú àwọn ìwádìí "combing" nínú àwọn àgbègbè kéréje-kéréje ẹ̀yà.<ref>The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967–1970, <nowiki>http://encompass.eku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=jora</nowiki> "The sabotage accusation was not limited to the non-Igbo. The Onitsha people who were indisputably Igbo also suffered the same intimidation and humiliation. Many of their prominent leaders were said to have been detained by the Ojukwu-led government for allegedly contributing to the fall of Onitsha and Enugu"</ref><ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967–1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1''' (1). African Tree Press: 25–40. ISBN 978-1592320134</ref> ==Àwọn itọ́kasí== {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìtàn ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]] [[ẹ̀ka:àwọn ogun abẹ́lé]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ogun Abẹ́lwáyé, é Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ọ̀rúndún 20k]] ce4bw1fg7kfogrozejg4e7yv69o1qi2 Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì 0 12163 632106 621326 2026-08-19T17:58:00Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632106 wikitext text/x-wiki = Kini je Ogun Agbayé Eleekeji tabi Ogun Agbayé I = {{WW2InfoBox}} '''Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì''' tàbí '''Ogun Agbáyé Kejì''' jẹ́ ogun tí ó pa gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè agbáyé pọ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan-ṣoṣo tí ó bẹ̀ ní àárín ọdún 1939 sí ọdún 1945. Ogun yí jẹ́ èyí tí ó kan gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè agbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ alágbára tí wọ́n sì lààmì-laaka. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n jagun náà ni a lè pin sí méjì. Àwọn apá kíní ni ''Òngbèjà'' nígbà tí àwọn apá kejì jẹ́ ''Atọ́jà''. Iye àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ jagun-jagun tí wọ́n kópa nínú ogun yí jẹ́ ọgbàọ́rùn un mílíọ́nù láti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọgbọ̀n lápapọ̀. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n jẹ́ oníjà gan an sa ipá wọn nípa lílo gbogbo ọrọ̀-ajé, ìṣúná, ilé-iṣẹ́ jànkàn-jànkàn, ìwádí ìmọ̀ sáyéẹ́nsì tí wọ́n ní láti fi jagun náà, èyí kò jẹ́ kí á mọ̀ nkan ogun àwoọ́n ọmọ ogun nikan ni àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè yí ló láti fi jagun ni tàbí wọ́n lo àwọn nkan mìíràn tí kìí ṣe ti Olohun tí ó jẹ́ ti àwọn ará ìlú lásán. Ogun agbáyé ẹlẹ́kejì yí jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì nínú àwọn ogun tí èmi ati dúkìá ti ṣòfò jùlo lágbàáyé nínú ìtàn ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ ọmọ adáríhurun. Àwọn ológun tí wọ́n sọ ẹ̀mí wọn nu níbi ìjà-àgbà yí jẹ́ mílíọ́nù ọ́nà àádọ́rin àti mílíọ́nù lọ́nà márùndínláàdọ́taọ́sàn án [[Ọmọnìyàn|ènìyàn]], nígbà tí àwọn tí wọ́n kú jùlọ jẹ́ ará ìlú lásán tí wọn kìí ṣe jagun-jagun. Ohun tí ó fàá tí òkú yí fi pọ̀ tó bẹ̀ẹ́ ni ìwà ìmọ̀ọ́mọ̀-ṣekú pa ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn tí àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ń pe ní ''jẹ́nósáìtì'', nípa ìlànà [[ìfebipani]] , [[pípa àwọn aláìṣẹ̀]] àti [[fífi ajàkálẹ̀ àrùn pani]]. Wọ́n ṣamúlò àwọn [[bàlúù dìgbòlùjà]] nínú ogun àgbáyé yí, ba kan náà ni wọ́n tún lo àwọn [[àdó olóró]] tí ó le pa [[ìlú]] run, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni wọ́n tun lo [[nuclear weapons]]láti jagun lásìkò náà., lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ iwe àdéhùn ati [[òfin]] oríṣiríṣi ==Bí ó ṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀== [[Fáìlì:Adolf Hitler cropped restored.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler, èniyàn ti o ti bere ogun agbayé eléèkeji]] A gbọ́ wípé ogun àgbáyé ẹlẹ́kejì yí bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kínní oṣù Kẹsàn an ọdún 1939, nígbà tí orílẹ̀-èdè ilé-iṣẹ́ ológun [[Nazi]] ti ilẹ̀ [[Germany]] kọlu orílẹ̀-èdè [[Pólándì]] tí àjọ ìṣọ̀kan [[United Kingdom]] àti orílẹ̀-èdè [[Faransé]] náà sì ṣígun kọlu orílẹ̀-èdè [[Germany]] lẹ́ni tí ó ń gbèjà orílẹ̀-èdè [[Pólándì]] ní ọjọ́ kẹta tí Germany kọlu Pólándì. Níparí ọdún 1939 sí 1941, orílẹ̀-èdè [[Germany]] ti ń ṣàkóso lórí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ [[ilẹ̀]] àti [[Ìlú]] ní apá [[Yúróòpù]], lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìfọwọ́bọ̀wé àdéhùn àti [[òfin]] oríṣiríṣi. Lẹ́yìn èyí, orílẹ̀-èdè Germany, orílẹ̀-èdè [[Japan]] àti orílẹ̀-èdè [[Italy]] kórapọ̀ di ọ̀kan tí wọ́n pe orúkọ wọn ní ''Axis Alliance'', nígbà tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn náà sì ń dara pọ̀ mọ̀ wọn nígbà tí ó yá. Nínú we àdéhùn tí ọ̀gágun [[Molotov–Ribbentrop]] fọwọ́bọ̀ ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 1939, orílẹ̀-èdè [[Jẹ́mánì|Germany]] àti [[Soviet Union]] nígbà náà fọwọ́-sowọ́pọ̀ láti túbọ̀ gba àwọn ilẹ̀ àwọn alámùúlégbè wọn ní Yúróòpù siwájú si. Adolf HItler ti bere Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì, o ti pa opolopo Juu ati o ti se awon opolopo ohun buburu. Adolf Hitler ti yipada Agbayé ni ona buburu, o ti fere bori ni Ogun Agbayé Eleekeji, sugbon o ti padanu ati o ti jiya, òun ati Jẹmánì naa. {{TOC limit}} {{ekunrere}} == Akiyesi == ;Footnotes {{Reflist|group=nb}} {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Àwọn ìtókasí == {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book|last=Adamthwaite|first= Anthony P|title=The Making of the Second World War|isbn=0415907160|year=1992 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York}} * {{Cite book|first=J Kenneth|last=Brody|title=The Avoidable War: Pierre Laval and the Politics of Reality, 1935–1936|publisher= Transaction Publishers|year= 1999|page= 4|isbn=0765806223}} * {{Cite book|last=Bullock|first=A.|title=Hitler: A Study in Tyranny|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|year=1962|isbn=0140135642|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|last=Busky|first= Donald F|title=Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas|isbn=0275977331|year=2002|publisher=Praeger Publishers}} * {{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Norman|title=No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939–1945|publisher=Penguin Group|year=2008|isbn=0143114093|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{cite web|last=Glantz|first=David M.|title=The Soviet‐German War 1941–45 Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay|url=http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf|year=2001|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->|access-date=2011-11-12|archive-date=2011-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617094931/http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf|dead-url=yes}} * {{Cite book|last=Graham|first=Helen|title=The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|year=2005|isbn=0192803778}} * {{Cite book|last=Hsiung|first=James Chieh|title=China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=1992|isbn=156324246X|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|last1=Jowett|first1=Philip S.|last2=Andrew|first2=Stephen|title=The Japanese Army, 1931–45|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2002|isbn=1841763535|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|last=Kantowicz|first= Edward R|title=The rage of nations|publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|year= 1999|isbn= 0802844553}} * {{Cite book|last1=Kershaw|first1=Ian|title=Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=2001|isbn=0393322521|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|last=Kitson |first=Alison|title=Germany 1858–1990: Hope, Terror, and Revival|isbn= 9780199134175|year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford}} * {{Cite book|last=Mandelbaum|first=Michael |title=The Fate of Nations: The Search for National Security in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|year= 1988|page= 96|isbn=052135790X}} * {{Cite book|last1=Murray|first1=Williamson|last2=Millett|first2=Allan Reed|title=A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2001|isbn=0674006801|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|first1=Ramon|last1=Myers|first2=Mark|last2=Peattie|title=The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945|publisher= [[Princeton University Press]]|year=1987|isbn=0691102228}} * {{Cite book|last= Preston |first=Peter|title='Pacific Asia in the global system: an introduction'', Wiley-Blackwell|year=1998|isbn= 0631202382|page= 104|publisher= Blackwell|location= Oxford}} * {{Cite book|last=Record|first=Jeffery|title=Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating the Mythology of the 1930s|publisher=DIANE Publishing|year=2005|page=50|isbn=1584872160|url=http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=15 November 2009|archivedate=11 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411104102/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf}} * {{Cite book|last=Shaw|first= Anthony |title=World War II Day by Day|publisher= MBI Publishing Company|year= 2000|isbn= 0760309396}} * {{Cite book|title=All Riot on the Western Front, Volume 3 |first1=Winston |last1=Smith |first2=Ralph |last2=Steadman |publisher=Last Gasp |year=2004 |isbn=0867196165 }} * {{Cite book|last=Weinberg|first=Gerhard L.|title=A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995|isbn=0521558794|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|title=Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in American magazines, 1923–1939 |url=|format=|first=Michael |last=Zalampas |year=1989|publisher=Bowling Green University Popular Press |isbn=0879724625}} {{refend}} {{Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ogun]] '''Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì'''{{efn|Tí a sábà máa ń pè ní '''WWII''' tàbí '''WW2'''}} tàbí '''Ogun Àgbáyé Kejì''' (1 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1939 – 2 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1945) jẹ́ [[World war|ogun kárí-ayé]] láàrin àwọn [[coalition|ìjùmọ̀ṣepọ̀]] méjì: [[Allies of World War II|Àwọn Òṣìṣẹ́]] (Allies) àti [[Axis powers|Àwọn Axis]]. [[World War II by country|Fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ pé gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àgbáyé]] ló kópa, pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n kó gbogbo ohun àmúṣiṣẹ́ wọn jáde fún [[total war|ogun àjàkú-akátá]]. [[Tanks in World War II|Àwọn kẹ̀kẹ́ ogun]] àti [[Air warfare of World War II|àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú kó ipa pàtà]], èyí ló jẹ́ kí [[strategic bombing|ìkọlù bọ́mbù láti òfurufú]] sórí àwọn ìlú àti lílo àwọn [[nuclear weapon|ohun ìjà run-lérù-run]] àkọ́kọ́, tí wọ́n sì jẹ́ ẹ̀yọ kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n tíì lò rí nínú ogun, ṣeéṣe. Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì ni [[List of wars by death toll|ogun tó tíì pa èèyàn jùlọ]] nínú ìtàn, ó fa [[World War II casualties|ikú àwọn ènìyàn tó tó 70 sí 85 mílíọ̀nù]], èyí tí ó ju ìdajì wọn lọ jẹ́ ará ìlú lásán. Àwọn mílíọ̀nù ló kú nínú [[genocide|ìpakúpa ẹ̀yà]], pẹ̀lú [[the Holocaust]], àti nípasẹ̀ ìpakúpa rẹpẹtẹ, ìyàn, àti àìsàn. Lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ́gun àwọn Òṣìṣẹ́, wọ́n gba ìdarí [[Allied-occupied Germany|Jẹ́mánì]], [[Allied-occupied Austria|Austria]], [[Occupation of Japan|Japan]], àti [[Division of Korea#Post–World War II|Korea]], wọ́n sì gbé àwọn aṣíwájú Jẹ́mánì àti Japan lọ sí ilé-ẹjọ́ fún [[war crime|ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ogun]]. [[Causes of World War II|Àwọn okùnfà Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì]] ni arukutu tí kò yanjú ní [[aftermath of World War I|ìgbẹ̀yìn Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní]], bíbẹ̀rẹ̀ [[fascism in Europe|Fascism ní Yúróòpù]] àti [[Japanese militarism|ìjọba ológun ní Japan]]. Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pàtàkì tí ó ṣájú ogun náà ni [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|ìkọlù tí Japan ṣe sí Manchuria]] ní ọdún 1931, [[Spanish Civil War|Ogun Abẹ́lé ti Spain]], bíbésílé [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Ogun Ṣáínà àti Japan Kejì]] ní ọdún 1937, àti bí Jẹ́mánì ṣe [[Anschluss|fi Austria kún ilẹ̀ rẹ̀]] pẹ̀lú [[Munich Agreement|Sudetenland]]. Wọ́n sábà máa ń gbà pé Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ 1 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1939, nígbà tí [[Nazi Germany|Nazi Jẹ́mánì]], lábẹ́ ìdarí [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Invasion of Poland|kọlu Poland]], èyí tí ó mú kí [[United Kingdom declaration of war on Germany (1939)|United Kingdom]] àti [[French declaration of war on Germany (1939)|France kéde ogun]] sí Jẹ́mánì. Wọ́n pín Poland láàrin Jẹ́mánì àti [[Soviet Union]] lábẹ́ [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact|Àdéhùn Molotov–Ribbentrop]]. Ní ọdún 1940, Soviet Union [[Occupation of the Baltic states|gbàkóso àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Baltic]] àti [[Winter War|àwọn apákan Finland]] àti [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina|Romania]]. Lẹ́yìn [[Battle of France|ìsubu France]] ní Oṣù Kẹfà 1940, ogun náà ń bá a lọ ní pàtàkì láàrin Jẹ́mánì, tí ó ti rí ìrànlọ́wọ́ [[Fascist Italy]], àti [[British Empire|Ilẹ̀ Ọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]], pẹ̀lú [[Balkans campaign (World War II)|ìjà ní Balkans]], [[Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II|Mẹditaréníà, àti Àárín Gbungbun Ìlà Oòrùn]], ogun òfurufú [[Battle of Britain|Battle of Britain]] àti [[the Blitz]], àti ti orí omi [[Battle of the Atlantic]]. Nípasẹ̀ àwọn ogun àti àdéhùn, Jẹ́mánì gba ìdarí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá [[continental Europe|ìlẹ̀ Yúróòpù]] ó sì [[Tripartite Pact|dá àjọṣepọ̀ Axis sílẹ̀]] pẹ̀lú Italy, [[Empire of Japan|Japan]], àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn. Ní Oṣù Kẹfà 1941, Jẹ́mánì [[Operation Barbarossa|kọlu Soviet Union]], èyí ṣí [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Ogun Ilẹ̀ Ìlà-oòrùn]] sílẹ̀, wọ́n sì kọ́kọ́ gba àwọn agbègbè púpọ̀. Ní Oṣù Kejìlá 1941, Japan kọlu àwọn agbègbè Amẹ́ríkà àti ti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì [[Pacific War#Japanese offensives, 1941–1942|ní Éṣíà àti Pásífíìkì]], pẹ̀lú [[attack on Pearl Harbor|Pearl Harbor ní Hawaii]], èyí ló mú kí United States wọ ogun náà láti bá Japan àti Jẹ́mánì jà. Japan ṣẹ́gun ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè etí-òkun China àti [[Southeast Asia|Gúúsù Ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà]], ṣùgbọ́n ìtẹ̀síwájú wọn ní Pásífíìkì dúró ní Oṣù Kẹfà 1942 níbi [[Battle of Midway|Ogun Midway]]. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1943, wọ́n ṣẹ́gun àwọn ọmọ ogun Axis [[North African campaign|ní Àríwá Áfríkà]] àti [[Battle of Stalingrad|ní Stalingrad]] ní Soviet Union, àti pé ní ọdún yẹn àwọn ìpàdánù wọn ń bá a lọ ní Ogun Ilẹ̀ Ìlà-oòrùn, [[Allied invasion of Sicily|ìkọlù Allied sí Sicily]] àti [[Allied invasion of Italy|ilẹ̀ Italy]] tí ó yọrí sí [[Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy|ìsubu ìjọba Fascist ti Italy]]; àti àwọn ìkọlù Allied ní Pásífíìkì mú kí wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní padà sẹ́yìn ní gbogbo ọ̀nà. Ní ọdún 1944, àwọn Western Allies [[Normandy landings|kọlu France ní Normandy]], bí Soviet Union ṣe [[Stalin's ten blows|gba àwọn agbègbè rẹ̀ padà]] àti bí US ṣe ba agbára Òkun Japan jẹ́ tí ó sì [[Leapfrogging (strategy)|gba àwọn erékùṣù Pásífíìkì pàtàkì]]. Ogun ní Yúróòpù parí pẹ̀lú ìtúsílẹ̀ [[German-occupied Europe|àwọn agbègbè tí Jẹ́mánì ti gbà]]; [[Western Allied invasion of Germany|ìkọlù Jẹ́mánì láti ọwọ́ Western Allies]] àti Soviet Union, èyí tí ó parí sí [[Battle of Berlin|ìsubu Berlin]] sí ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ ogun Soviet; àti [[German Instrument of Surrender|ìjuwọ́-sílẹ̀ Jẹ́mánì láìsí àdéhùn]] ní [[Victory in Europe Day|8 Oṣù Kàrún 1945]]. Ní ọjọ́ 6 àti 9 Oṣù Kẹjọ, US [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|ju bọ́mbù átọ́míkì]] sí [[Hiroshima]] àti [[Nagasaki]] ní Japan. Pẹ̀lú èrò pé [[Operation Downfall|Allied fẹ́ kọlu àwọn]], àti ìbẹ̀rù bọ́mbù átọ́míkì mìíràn, àti [[Soviet–Japanese War|ogun tí Soviet kéde]] àti [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria|ìkọlù Manchuria]], Japan kéde [[Surrender of Japan|ìjuwọ́-sílẹ̀ láìsí àdéhùn]] ní ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹjọ, ó sì buwọ́lu [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender|ìwé ìjuwọ́-sílẹ̀]] ní [[Victory over Japan Day|2 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1945]]. Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì yí ètò òṣèlú, ọrọ̀-ajé, àti àjọṣepọ̀ láàrin àwọn ènìyàn ayé padà, ó sì fi ìpìlẹ̀ ìbáṣepọ̀ kárí-ayé lélẹ̀ fún àwọn ọdún tó kù nínú ọ̀rúndún 20 sí ọ̀rúndún 21. Wọ́n dá [[United Nations|Àjọ Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè]] (UN) sílẹ̀ láti gbé ìfọwọ́sowọ́ kárí-ayé lárugẹ àti láti dènà ogun ní ọjọ́ iwájú, pẹ̀lú àwọn alágbára tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun—China, France, Soviet Union, UK, àti US—di [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ tó dúró ṣinṣin]] nínú [[United Nations Security Council|ìgbìmọ̀ ààbò rẹ̀]]. Soviet Union àti US yọjú gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[superpower|alágbára ayé]] tí wọ́n ń bá ara wọn díje, èyí ló ṣí ọ̀nà fún ọdún àádọ́ta [[Cold War|Ogun Tútù]]. Nípasẹ̀ ìparun tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Yúróòpù, agbára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ibẹ̀ dínkù, èyí fa [[decolonisation of Africa|ìgba-òmìnira Áfríkà]] àti [[Decolonisation of Asia|ti Éṣíà]]. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tí ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn ti bàjẹ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní rìn sí ọ̀nà [[Post–World War II economic expansion|ìwòsàn ètò ọrọ̀-ajé àti ìdàgbàsókè]]. == Àwọn ọjọ́ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti ìparí == {{See also|List of timelines of World War II}} {{WWII timeline}} Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òpìtàn ló fohùn ṣọ̀kan pé Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[German invasion of Poland|ìkọlù tí Jẹ́mánì ṣe sí Poland]] ní 1 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1939{{sfn|Weinberg|2005|p=6}}<ref>Wells, Anne Sharp (2014) ''Historical Dictionary of World War II: The War against Germany and Italy''. [[Rowman & Littlefield]]. p. 7.</ref> àti [[United Kingdom declaration of war on Germany (1939)|kéde ogun tí United Kingdom]] àti [[French declaration of war on Germany (1939)|France kéde ogun]] sí Jẹ́mánì ní ọjọ́ méjì lẹ́yìn náà. Àwọn ọjọ́ fún ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Pacific War|Ogun Pásífíìkì]] pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Ogun Ṣáínà àti Japan Kejì]] ní 7 Oṣù Keje 1937,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ferris |first1=John |title=The Cambridge History of the Second World War, Volume I: Fighting the War |last2=Mawdsley |first2=Evan |date=2015 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Förster|Gessler|2005|p=64}} tàbí [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|ìkọlù Manchuria láti ọwọ́ Japan]] tí ó ti wáyé tẹ́lẹ̀, ní 19 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1931.<ref>Ghuhl, Wernar (2007) ''Imperial Japan's World War Two'' Transaction Publishers pp. 7, 30</ref><ref>Polmar, Norman; Thomas B. Allen (1991) ''[[iarchive:worldwariiameric00polm|World War II: America at war, 1941–1945]]'' {{ISBN|978-0-3945-8530-7}}</ref> Àwọn mìíràn tẹ̀lé òpìtàn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà [[A. J. P. Taylor]], ẹni tí ó sọ pé Ogun Ṣáínà àti Japan àti ogun ní Yúróòpù àti àwọn agbègbè rẹ̀ wáyé lẹ́ẹ̀kan náà, àti pé àwọn ogun méjèèjì di Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní ọdún 1941.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hett |first=Benjamin Carter |date=1 August 1996 |title='Goak here': A.J.P. Taylor and 'The Origins of the Second World War.' |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=00084107&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA18672225&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs |url-status=live |journal=Canadian Journal of History |language=English |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=257–281 |doi=10.3138/cjh.31.2.257 |issn=0008-4107 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307200155/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=00084107&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA18672225&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs&userGroupName=nm_p_oweb&isGeoAuthType=true |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=14 September 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Àwọn ọjọ́ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ mìíràn tí wọ́n dámọ̀ràn fún Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì pẹ̀lú [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|ìkọlù tí Italy ṣe sí Abyssinia]] ní 3 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 1935.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ben-Horin|1943|p=169}}; {{Harvnb|Taylor|1979|p=124}}; Yisreelit, Hevrah Mizrahit (1965). ''Asian and African Studies'', p. 191.<br />For 1941 see {{Harvnb|Taylor|1961|p=vii}}; Kellogg, William O (2003). ''[[iarchive:americanhistorye00kell|American History the Easy Way]]''. Barron's Educational Series. p. 236 {{ISBN|978-0-7641-1973-6}}.<br />There is also the viewpoint that both World War&nbsp;I and World War&nbsp;II are part of the same "[[European Civil War]]" or "[[Second Thirty Years' War]]": {{Harvnb|Canfora|2006|p=155}}; {{Harvnb|Prins|2002|p=11}}.</ref> Òpìtàn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì [[Antony Beevor]] wo ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Battles of Khalkhin Gol|Àwọn Ogun Khalkhin Gol]] tí ó wáyé láàrin [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] àti àwọn ọmọ ogun [[Mongolian People's Republic|Mongolia]] àti [[Soviet Union]] láti Oṣù Kàrún sí Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1939.{{sfn|Beevor|2012|p=10}} Àwọn mìíràn wo [[Spanish Civil War|Ogun Abẹ́lé ti Spain]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ tàbí ìṣe-májèé-ṣe-rí Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 March 2017 |title=In Many Ways, Author Says, Spanish Civil War Was 'The First Battle Of WWII' |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/03/10/519462137/in-many-ways-author-says-spanish-civil-war-was-the-first-battle-of-wwii |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416013707/https://www.npr.org/2017/03/10/519462137/in-many-ways-author-says-spanish-civil-war-was-the-first-battle-of-wwii |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021 |work=[[Fresh Air]] |publisher=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frank |first=Willard C. |date=1987 |title=The Spanish Civil War and the Coming of the Second World War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105814 |url-status=live |journal=The International History Review |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=368–409 |doi=10.1080/07075332.1987.9640449 |jstor=40105814 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201143429/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105814 |archive-date=1 February 2022 |access-date=17 February 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ọjọ́ pàtó tí ogun náà parí kò tíì ní àjọmọ̀gbà kárí-ayé. Wọ́n gbà tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ogun náà parí pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́bọ̀wé àdéhùn ìdẹ́kun-ogun ti 15 Oṣù Kẹjọ 1945 ([[Victory over Japan Day|V-J Day]]), dípò pẹ̀lú [[surrender of Japan|ìjuwọ́-sílẹ̀ Japan]] ní 2 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1945, èyí tí ó [[End of World War II in Asia|fòpin sí ogun ní Éṣíà]] ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú òfin. [[Treaty of San Francisco|Àdéhùn àlàáfíà láàrin Japan àti àwọn Allies]] jẹ́í fọwọ́bọ̀ ní 1951.{{sfn|Masaya|1990|p=4}} [[Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany|Àdéhùn nípa ọjọ́ iwájú Jẹ́mánì]] ti ọdún 1990 fàyè gba [[German reunification|ìtún-parapọ̀ Jẹ́mánì Ìlà-oòrùn àti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn]] láti wáyé.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 1990 |title=Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/2plusfour8994e.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507180629/https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/2plusfour8994e.htm |archive-date=7 May 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |publisher=usa.usembassy.de}}</ref> Kò sí àdéhùn àlàáfíà kankan láàrin Japan àti Soviet Union tí wọ́n fọwọ́bọ̀,<ref>{{cite web |url-status=live |url=https://asiatimes.com/article/fact-box-japan-russia-never-signed-wwii-peace-treaty/ |title=Why Japan and Russia never signed a WWII peace treaty |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604072306/https://www.atimes.com/article/fact-box-japan-russia-never-signed-wwii-peace-treaty |archive-date=4 June 2018 |website=Asia Times |agency=    Reuters |date= December 15, 2016   }}</ref> bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n fòpin sí ipò ogun láàrin orílẹ̀-èdè méjèèjì nípasẹ̀ [[Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956|Ìkéde Àjọpọ̀ ti Soviet àti Japan ti ọdún 1956]], èyí tí ó tún dá ìbáṣepọ̀ ìjọba padà láàrin wọn.<ref name=nyt>{{cite web |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/20/archives/texts-of-sovietjapanese-statements-peace-declaration-trade-protocol.html?sq=Soviet-Japanese+Joint+Declaration&scp=1&st=p |title=Texts of Soviet–Japanese Statements; Peace Declaration Trade Protocol |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209133402/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/20/archives/texts-of-sovietjapanese-statements-peace-declaration-trade-protocol.html?sq=Soviet-Japanese+Joint+Declaration&scp=1&st=p |archive-date=9 December 2021 |website= [[The New York Times]]|page= 2|date= 20 October 1956|quote="Moscow, October 19. (UP) – Following are the texts of a Soviet–Japanese peace declaration and of a trade protocol between the two countries, signed here today, in unofficial translation from the Russian". "The state of war between the USSR and Japan ends on the day the present declaration enters into force [...]" |url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Ipinle == === Àbájáde Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní === [[World War I|Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní]] ti yí àwòrán òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù padà pátápátá pẹ̀lú ìṣẹ́gun àwọn [[Central Powers]]—tí ó pẹ̀lú Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria àti Ottoman Empire—àti [[October Revolution|gbígba agbára Bolshevik]] ti 1917 ní [[Russian Republic|Russia]], èyí tí ó yọrí sí dídá Soviet Union sílẹ̀. Lẹ́ẹ̀kannáà, àwọn [[Allies of World War I|Ikọ̀ Ọ̀rẹ́ (Allies) ti Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní]] tí ó ṣẹ́gun, bíi France, Belgium, Italy, Romania, àti Greece, gba ilẹ̀ kún, àti pé àwọn [[Nation state|orílẹ̀-èdè]] tuntun ni a dá sílẹ̀ láti inú píparẹ́ àwọn Ilé-ọba Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, àti Russian (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Turkey).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mintz|first=Steven|title=Historical Context: The Global Effect of World War I|url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/teaching-resource/historical-context-global-effect-world-war-i|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304193001/https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/teaching-resource/historical-context-global-effect-world-war-i|archive-date=4 March 2024|access-date=4 March 2024|website=The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2025}} Láti dènà ogun àgbáyé ní ọjọ́ iwájú, wọ́n dá [[League of Nations]] sílẹ̀ ní 1920 láti ọwọ́ [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Àpéjọ Àlàáfíà Paris]]. Àwọn góńgó pàtàkì àjọ náà ni láti dènà aáwọ̀ ológun nípasẹ̀ ààbò àpapọ̀, dídín ohun-ìjà ológun àti [[Washington Naval Treaty|ti ojú-omi]] kù, bákan náà àti yíyanjú àwọn aáwọ̀ kárí-ayé nípasẹ̀ ìjíròrò àlàáfíà àti ìlàjà.<ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=4 March 2024}}</ref> Láìka ìmọ̀lára lílágbára fún fífẹ́ àlàáfíà sí [[Aftermath of World War I|lẹ́yìn Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní]],{{sfn|Ingram|2006|pp=[{{GBurl|id=bREQibN9i-sC|p=76}} 76–78]}} [[Nationalism|ìfẹ́-orílẹ̀-èdè]] [[Irredentism|irredentist]] àti [[Revanchism|revanchist]] ti yọjú ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Yúróòpù. Àwọn ìmọ̀lára wọ̀nyí hàn gbangba pàápàá ní Germany nítorí àwọn pàdánù ilẹ̀, agbègbè amúnisìn, àti ti owó tí [[Treaty of Versailles]] gbé ka wọn lórí. Lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, Germany pàdánù nǹkan bí ìdá 13 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ àti gbogbo [[German colonial empire|àwọn ohun-ìní rẹ̀ ní òkè-òkun]], nígbà tí wọ́n fòfin de Germany láti gba àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mìíràn, wọ́n gbé [[World War I reparations|owó-ìtanràn]] kà á lórí, wọ́n sì fi òpin sí ìwọ̀n àti agbára [[Reichswehr|àwọn ọmọ-ogun]] orílẹ̀-èdè náà.{{sfn|Kantowicz|1999|p=149}} === Jẹ́mánì àti Ítálì === [[German Empire|Ilẹ̀-ọba Jẹ́mánì]] túká nínú [[German revolution of 1918–1919|ìyípadà ìjọba Jẹ́mánì ti 1918–1919]], ìjọba tiwantiwa, tí wọ́n wá mọ̀ sí [[Weimar Republic|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Weimar]], sì jẹ́ dídá sílẹ̀. [[Interwar period|Àkókò láàárín ogun]] rí aáwọ̀ láàárín àwọn olùfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira tuntun náà àti àwọn alátakò líle lórí ẹ̀tọ́ òṣèlú àti òsì. Italy, gẹ́gẹ́ bí alájùmọ̀ṣepọ̀ Entente, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní ilẹ̀ díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ogun; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, inú bí àwọn onítara-orílẹ̀-èdè ti Italy pé [[Treaty of London (1915)|àwọn ìlérí tí]] United Kingdom àti France ṣe láti mú kí Italy wọ ogun náà kò jẹ́ ìmúṣẹ nínú ìpinnu àlàáfíà. Láti 1922 sí 1925, ẹgbẹ́ [[Italian fascism|fascist]] tí [[Benito Mussolini]] ṣe olórí gba agbára ní Italy pẹ̀lú èrò onítara-orílẹ̀-èdè, [[Totalitarianism|ìjọba jẹgudujẹra]], àti [[class collaboration|ifọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ kíláàsì]] tí ó fòpin sí ìjọba tiwantiwa aṣojú, tí ó ni àwọn ẹgbẹ́ sósíálísítì, apá òsì, àti ti òmìnira lára, tí ó sì lépa ètò ìmúlò òkè-òkun ti fífẹ̀gbe tí ó ní èrò láti sọ Italy di alágbára àgbáyé, pẹ̀lú ìlérí dídá "Ilẹ̀-ọba Róòmu Tuntun" sílẹ̀.{{sfn|Shaw|2000|p=35}} [[File:Nürnberg Reichsparteitag Hitler retouched.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Adolf Hitler]] níbi ìpàdé òṣèlú [[Nazism|Nazi]] ti Jẹ́mánì ní [[Nuremberg]], Oṣù Kẹjọ 1933]] [[Adolf Hitler]], lẹ́yìn [[Beer Hall Putsch|ìgbìyànjú tí kò yọrí sí rere láti gba ìjọba Jẹ́mánì]] ní 1923, padà [[Adolf Hitler's rise to power|di kansilọ ti Jẹ́mánì]] ní 1933 nígbà tí Ààrẹ [[Paul von Hindenburg]] àti Reichstag yàn án. Lẹ́yìn ikú Hindenburg ní 1934, Hitler kéde ara rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Führer'' ti Jẹ́mánì ó sì fòpin sí ìjọba tiwantiwa, ó ń gbé [[New Order (Nazism)|àtúntò àgbáyé tí ó le koko, tí ó sì dá lórí ẹ̀yà]] lárugẹ, kò sì pẹ́ tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[German rearmament|ìpolongo ìmúrasílẹ̀ ogun]] ńlá.{{sfn|Brody|1999|p=4}} France, tí ó ń wá ọ̀nà láti fidi àjọṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Italy múlẹ̀, [[Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935|gba Italy láyè ní Ethiopia]], èyí tí Italy fẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun-ìní amúnisìn. Ipò náà burú síi ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ 1935 nígbà tí [[Territory of the Saar Basin]] padà darapọ̀ mọ́ Jẹ́mánì lábẹ́ òfin, Hitler sì kọ [[Treaty of Versailles]] sílẹ̀, ó yára kún ètò ìmúrasílẹ̀ ogun rẹ̀, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi ipá mú àwọn ènìyàn wọ iṣẹ́ ológun.{{sfn|Zalampas|1989|p=62}} === Àwọn àdéhùn Yúróòpù === United Kingdom, France àti Italy dá [[Stresa Front]] sílẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹrin 1935 láti dènà Jẹ́mánì, ìgbésẹ̀ pàtàkì sí [[Military globalization|ìkópapọ̀ ológun àgbáyé]]; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ní Oṣù Kẹfà yẹn, United Kingdom ṣe [[Anglo-German Naval Agreement|àdéhùn ojú-omi dáwà]] pẹ̀lú Jẹ́mánì, tí ó dẹ àwọn ìkálọ́wọ́kò tẹ́lẹ̀. Soviet Union, tí ó ní ìbẹ̀rù nípa [[Drang nach Osten|àwọn góńgó]] Jẹ́mánì láti gba àwọn agbègbè ńlá ti Ìlà-oòrùn Yúróòpù, ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ àdéhùn ìrànlọ́wọ́ alájùmọ̀ṣe pẹ̀lú France. Ṣáájú kí ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́, [[Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance|àdéhùn Franco-Soviet]] ní láti gba ọwọ́ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ League of Nations, èyí tí ó sọ ọ́ di aláìlágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mandelbaum|1988|p=96}}; {{Harvnb|Record|2005|p=50}}.</ref> United States, tí ó ní ìdààmú nípa àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ní Yúróòpù àti Éṣíà, pitimọ [[Neutrality Acts of the 1930s|Òfin Àìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì]] ní Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún náà.{{sfn|Schmitz|2000|p=124}} Hitler tapatì Versailles àti [[Locarno Treaties]] nípa [[Remilitarisation of the Rhineland|títún Rhineland fún ní agbára ológun]] ní Oṣù Kẹta 1936, ó sì bá àtakò díẹ̀ pàdé nítorí ìlànà [[appeasement|ìtura-lọ́kàn]].{{sfn|Adamthwaite|1992|p=52}} Ní Oṣù Kẹwàá 1936, Jẹ́mánì àti Italy dá [[Axis powers|Rome–Berlin Axis]] sílẹ̀. Oṣù kan lẹ́yìn náà, Jẹ́mánì àti Japan fọwọ́sí [[Anti-Comintern Pact]], èyí tí Italy darapọ̀ mọ́ ní ọdún tí ó tẹ̀lé e.{{sfn|Shirer|1990|pp=298–299}} === Éṣíà === Ẹgbẹ́ [[Kuomintang]] ní Ṣáínà ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Northern Expedition|ìpolongo ìṣọ̀kan]] lòdì sí [[Warlord Era|àwọn olórí ogun agbègbè]] ó sì sọ Ṣáínà di ọ̀kan ní àárín àwọn ọdún 1920, ṣùgbọ́n láìpẹ́ ó bọ́ sínú [[Chinese Civil War|ogun abẹ́lé]] lòdì sí àwọn alájùmọ̀ṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP){{sfn|Preston|1998|p=104}} àti [[Central Plains War|àwọn olórí ogun agbègbè tuntun]]. Ní 1931, [[Empire of Japan]] tí ó ń [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|fẹ́ràn ogun síi]], èyí tí ó ti ń wá agbára ní Ṣáínà tipẹ́{{sfn|Myers|Peattie|1987|p=458}} gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìgbésẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ ti ohun tí ìjọba rẹ̀ rí bí [[Hakkō ichiu|ẹ̀tọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè náà láti ṣe àkóso Éṣíà]], ṣe [[Mukden incident|ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Mukden]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwàwí láti [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|kọlu Manchuria]] àti láti dá [[puppet state|ìpínlẹ̀ tí a ń darí bí ọmọlangidi]] ti [[Manchukuo]] sílẹ̀.{{sfn|Smith|Steadman|2004|p=28}} Ṣáínà bẹ [[League of Nations]] láti dá ìkọlù Japan dúró lórí Manchuria. Japan yọwọ́ kúrò nínú League of Nations lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n [[Lytton Report|dẹ́bi fún un]] nítorí ìkọlù rẹ̀ sí Manchuria. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè méjèèjì wá ja ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ogun, ní [[January 28 incident|Shanghai]], [[Battle of Rehe|Rehe]], àti [[Defense of the Great Wall|Hebei]], títí tí wọ́n fi fọwọ́sí [[Tanggu Truce]] ní 1933. Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn ọmọ-ogun yọ̀ǹda-ara-ẹni ti Ṣáínà tẹ̀síwájú nínú ìtakò sí ìkọlù Japan ní [[Pacification of Manchukuo|Manchuria]], àti [[Actions in Inner Mongolia (1933–1936)|Chahar àti Suiyuan]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Coogan|1993}}: "Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọ-ogun Ṣáínà ní Àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn ṣàṣeyọrí láti padà sẹ́yìn sí gúúsù, àwọn mìíràn há mọ́ láàárín àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan tí ń tẹ̀síwájú wọ́n sì dojúkọ yíyan ìtakò ní lílòdì sí àṣẹ, tàbí tẹríba. Àwọn alákòóso díẹ̀ tẹríba, wọ́n sì gba ipò gíga nínú ìjọba tí a ń darí bí ọmọlangidi, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn mìíràn gbé ohun-ìjà lòdì sí oníjàgídíjàgan náà. Àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí wọ́n darí ni àwọn ọmọ-ogun yọ̀ǹda-ara-ẹni àkọ́kọ́."</ref> Lẹ́yìn [[Xi'an Incident|Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Xi'an]] ti 1936, Kuomintang àti àwọn ọmọ-ogun [[Chinese Communist Party|CCP]] gbà láti dáwọ́ iná dúró láti gbé [[Second United Front|iwájú ìṣọ̀kan]] kalẹ̀ láti tako Japan.{{sfn|Busky|2002|p=10}} == Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ṣáájú ogun == === Ìkọlù Ítálì lórí Ethiópíà (1935) === {{Main|Second Italo-Ethiopian War}} [[File:Mussolini truppe Etiopia.jpg|thumb|[[Benito Mussolini]] ń ṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn ọmọ-ogun nígbà [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|Ogun Italo-Ethiopian]], 1935]] [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|Ogun Ìkejì Ítálì-Ethiópíà]] jẹ́ [[colonial war|ogun amúnisìn]] kúkúrú tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹwàá 1935 tí ó sì parí ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1936. Ogun náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìkọlù [[Ethiopian Empire]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Etymology of Ethiopia|Abyssinia]]) láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ-ogun [[Kingdom of Italy]] ({{lang|it|Regno d'Italia}}), èyí tí wọ́n ṣe láti [[Italian Somaliland]] àti [[Italian Eritrea|Eritrea]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stanton |first1=Andrea L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC |title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia |last2=Ramsamy |first2=Edward |last3=Seybolt |first3=Peter J. |date=2012 |isbn=978-1-4129-8176-7 |page=308 |access-date=6 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307201327/https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC |archive-date=7 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ogun náà yọrí sí [[military occupation|ìgbàjọba ológun]] lórí Ethiopia àti [[annexation|fifi kún]] kọ́lọ́ní [[Italian East Africa]] tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ dá sílẹ̀ ({{lang|it|Africa Orientale Italiana}}); ní àfikún ó fi àìlágbára [[League of Nations]] hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbára láti pa àlàáfíà mọ́. Méjèèjì Italy àti Ethiopia jẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́, [[Appeasement|ṣùgbọ́n League kò ṣe nǹkan kan]] nígbà tí èyí àkọ́kọ́ rú Abala X ti [[Covenant of the League of Nations|Majẹmu]] League náà kedere.{{sfn|Barker|1971|pp=131–132}} United Kingdom àti France ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún gbigbe ìfòfindè ka Italy fún ìkọlù náà, ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò mú ìfòfindè náà ṣẹ dáradára, ó sì kùnà láti fòpin sí ìkọlù Italy.{{sfn|Shirer|1990|p=289}} Italy padà jáwọ́ nínú àtakò rẹ̀ sí góńgó Jẹ́mánì láti gba [[Federal State of Austria|Austria]].{{sfn|Kitson|2001|p=231}} === Ogun Abẹ́lé Sípéènì (1936–1939) === {{Main|Spanish Civil War}} Nígbà tí ogun abẹ́lé bésílẹ̀ ní Sípéènì, Hitler àti Mussolini pèsè àtìlẹyìn ológun fún [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Onítara-orílẹ̀-èdè]] (Nationalist rebels), tí Gbogbogbòò [[Francisco Franco]] darí. Italy ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún àwọn Nationalists ju àwọn Nazis lọ: Mussolini rán àwọn ọmọ-ogun orí-ilẹ̀ tí ó ju 70,000 lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọkọ̀-òfuurufú 6,000, àti ọkọ̀-òfuurufú 720 sí Sípéènì.{{sfn|Neulen|2000|page=25}} Soviet Union ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún ìjọba tí ó wà níbẹ̀ ti [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republic]]. Àwọn olùyọ̀ǹda-ara-ẹni òkè-òkun tí ó ju 30,000 lọ, tí a mọ̀ sí [[International Brigades]], náà ja ogun lòdì sí àwọn Nationalists. Méjèèjì Jẹ́mánì àti Soviet Union lo [[proxy war|ogun abẹ́lé yìí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn ń jà nípasẹ̀ aṣojú]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí àǹfààní láti dán àwọn ohun-ìjà àti ọgbọ́n ogun wọn tí ó ti gòkè àgbà jùlọ wò nínú ìjà. Àwọn Nationalists borí ogun abẹ́lé náà ní Oṣù Kẹrin 1939; Franco, ẹni tí ó ti di apàṣẹwàá báyìí, dúró láìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì lábẹ́ òfin nígbà Ogun Àgbáyé Kejì ṣùgbọ́n [[Spain during World War II|lápapọ̀ ó fẹ́ràn Axis]].{{sfn|Payne|2008|page=271}} Ifọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ rẹ̀ tí ó tóbi jùlọ pẹ̀lú Jẹ́mánì ni rírán [[Blue Division|àwọn olùyọ̀ǹda-ara-ẹni]] láti ja ogun ní [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Iwájú Ogun Ìlà-oòrùn]].{{sfn|Payne|2008|page=146}} === Ìkọlù Japan lórí Ṣáínà (1937) === {{Main|Second Sino-Japanese War}} [[File:Shanghai1937IJA ruins.jpg|thumb|Àwọn ọmọ-ogun [[Imperial Japanese Army]] nígbà [[Battle of Shanghai|Ogun Shanghai]], 1937]] Ní Oṣù Keje 1937, Japan gba olú-ìlú ilẹ̀-ọba Ṣáínà tẹ́lẹ̀ [[Beijing|Peking]] lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dá [[Marco Polo Bridge incident|ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Afárá Marco Polo]] sílẹ̀, èyí tí ó yọrí sí ìpolongo Japan láti kọlu gbogbo Ṣáínà.{{sfn|Eastman|1986|pp=547–551}} Àwọn Soviets yára fọwọ́sí [[Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact|àdéhùn àìbára-ẹni-jà pẹ̀lú Ṣáínà]] láti pèsè àtìlẹyìn [[materiel|ohun-èèlò]], èyí tí ó fòpin sí [[China–Germany relations (1912–1949)|ifọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín Ṣáínà àti Jẹ́mánì]]. Láti Oṣù Kẹ̀sán sí Oṣù Kọkànlá, àwọn Japan kọlu [[Battle of Taiyuan|Taiyuan]], wọ́n bá [[National Revolutionary Army|Kuomintang Army]] jà [[Battle of Xinkou|ní agbègbè Xinkou]],<ref name="Hsu & Chang 1971 221">{{Harvnb|Hsu|Chang|1971|pp=195–200}}.</ref> wọ́n sì bá [[Chinese Communist Party|àwọn ọmọ-ogun Kọ́múnísítì]] jà [[Battle of Pingxingguan|ní Pingxingguan]].<ref name="Tucker2009">{{Cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA1873 |title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East |date=2009 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-8510-9672-5 |access-date=27 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307201303/https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA1873 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="yang">Yang Kuisong, "On the reconstruction of the facts of the Battle of Pingxingguan"</ref> [[Generalissimo]] [[Chiang Kai-shek]] gbé [[List of German-trained divisions of the National Revolutionary Army|àwọn ọmọ-ogun rẹ̀ tí ó dára jùlọ]] lọ láti [[Battle of Shanghai|dáàbò bo Shanghai]], ṣùgbọ́n lẹ́yìn oṣù mẹ́ta ìjà, Shanghai ṣubú. Àwọn Japan tẹ̀síwájú láti ti àwọn ọmọ-ogun Ṣáínà sẹ́yìn, wọ́n sì [[Battle of Nanking|gba olú-ìlú Nanking]] ní Oṣù Kejìlá 1937. Lẹ́yìn ìṣubú Nanking, ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún tàbí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún ẹgbẹ́run àwọn ará-ìlú Ṣáínà àti àwọn jagunjagun tí a gba ohun-ìjà lọ́wọ́ wọn ni [[Nanjing Massacre|àwọn Japan pa]].<ref>Levene, Mark and Roberts, Penny. ''The Massacre in History''. 1999, pp. 223–224</ref><ref name="tot">Totten, Samuel. ''Dictionary of Genocide''. 2008, 298–299.</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹta 1938, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Nationalist ti Ṣáínà gba [[Battle of Taierzhuang|ìṣẹ́gun ńlá àkọ́kọ́ wọn ní Taierzhuang]], ṣùgbọ́n lẹ́yìn náà ìlú [[Xuzhou]] [[Battle of Xuzhou|bọ́ sí ọwọ́ àwọn Japan]] ní Oṣù Karùn-ún.{{sfn|Hsu|Chang|1971|pp=221–230}} Ní Oṣù Kẹfà 1938, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Ṣáínà dá ìtẹ̀síwájú Japan dúró nípa [[1938 Yellow River flood|rírí odò Yellow River bò]]; ọgbọ́n yìí fún àwọn Ṣáínà ní àkókò láti múra ààbò wọn sílẹ̀ ní [[Wuhan]], ṣùgbọ́n [[Battle of Wuhan|wọ́n gba ìlú náà]] nígbà tí ó di Oṣù Kẹwàá.{{sfn|Eastman|1986|p=566}} Àwọn ìṣẹ́gun ológun Japan kò mú ìwólulẹ̀ ìtakò Ṣáínà tí Japan nírètí láti ṣàṣeyọrí wá; dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ìjọba Ṣáínà kó lọ sí inú ilẹ̀ sí [[Chongqing]] wọ́n sì tẹ̀síwájú ogun náà.{{sfn|Taylor|2009|pp=150–152}}{{sfn|Sella|1983|pp=651–687}} === Àwọn aáwọ̀ ààlà Soviet–Japanese === {{Main|Soviet–Japanese border conflicts}} Ní àárín sí ìparí àwọn ọdún 1930, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan ní [[Manchukuo]] ní aáwọ̀ ààlà lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan pẹ̀lú Soviet Union àti [[Mongolian People's Republic|Mongolia]]. Ìlànà Japan ti [[Hokushin-ron]], èyí tí ó tẹnu mọ́ ìmúgbòòrò Japan sí àríwá, jẹ́ èyí tí Imperial Army fẹ́ràn ní àkókò yìí. Ètò ìmúlò yìí yóò ṣòro láti pa mọ́ ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìṣẹ́gun Japan ní [[Battles of Khalkhin Gol|Khalkin Gol]] ní 1939, Ogun Ìkejì Sino-Japanese tí ó ń lọ lọ́wọ́{{sfn|Beevor|2012|p=342}} àti alájùmọ̀ṣepọ̀ Nazi Germany tí ó ń lépa àìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì pẹ̀lú àwọn Soviets. Japan àti Soviet Union padà fọwọ́sí [[Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact|Àdéhùn Àìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì]] ní Oṣù Kẹrin 1941, Japan sì gba ìlànà [[Nanshin-ron]], tí Navy gbé lárugẹ, èyí tí ó darí àkíyèsí rẹ̀ sí gúúsù tí ó sì yọrí sí ogun pẹ̀lú United States àti àwọn Western Allies.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Goldman |first=Stuart D. |date=28 August 2012 |title=The Forgotten Soviet-Japanese War of 1939 |url=https://thediplomat.com/2012/08/the-forgotten-soviet-japanese-war-of-1939 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629092821/https://thediplomat.com/2012/08/the-forgotten-soviet-japanese-war-of-1939 |archive-date=29 June 2015 |access-date=26 June 2015 |magazine=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Neeno |first=Timothy |title=Nomonhan: The Second Russo-Japanese War |url=https://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/20thcentury/articles/nomonhan.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124070956/https://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/20thcentury/articles/nomonhan.aspx |archive-date=24 November 2005 |access-date=26 June 2015 |publisher=MilitaryHistoryOnline.com}}</ref> === Àwọn ìgbàjọba àti àdéhùn Yúróòpù === [[File:Munich Agreement Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R69173.jpg|thumb|left|[[Neville Chamberlain|Chamberlain]], [[Édouard Daladier|Daladier]], [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]], [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]], àti [[Galeazzo Ciano|Ciano]] nínú àwòrán ní kété ṣáájú fífọwọ́sí [[Munich Agreement]], ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1938]] Ní Yúróòpù, Jẹ́mánì àti Italy ń di oníjàgídíjàgan síi. Ní Oṣù Kẹta 1938, Jẹ́mánì [[Anschluss|gba Austria]], lẹ́ẹ̀kan síi èyí mú [[Appeasement|ìfèsì díẹ̀]] jáde láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn agbára Yúróòpù mìíràn.{{sfn|Collier|Pedley|2000|p=144}} Pẹ̀lú ìwúrí, Hitler bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní tẹnu mọ́ àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ Jẹ́mánì lórí [[Sudetenland]], agbègbè [[Czechoslovakia]] kan tí ó ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ [[Germans|àwọn ẹ̀yà Jẹ́mánì]]. Láìpẹ́ United Kingdom àti France tẹ̀lé ìlànà ìtura-lọ́kàn ti Alákòóso Àgbà Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì [[Neville Chamberlain]] wọ́n sì gbé agbègbè yìí fún Jẹ́mánì nínú [[Munich Agreement]], èyí tí wọ́n ṣe lòdì sí ìfẹ́ ìjọba Czechoslovak, ní pàṣípààrọ̀ fún ìlérí pé kò ní sí ìbéèrè ilẹ̀ mìíràn mọ́.{{sfn|Kershaw|2001|pp=121–122}} Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, Jẹ́mánì àti Italy fipá mú Czechoslovakia láti [[First Vienna Award|gbé ilẹ̀ kún]] fún Hungary, Poland sì gba agbègbè [[Trans-Olza]] ti Czechoslovakia.{{sfn|Kershaw|2001|p=157}} Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo àwọn ìbéèrè Jẹ́mánì tí wọ́n sọ jáde ni a ti tẹ́lọ́rùn nípasẹ̀ àdéhùn náà, ní ìkọ̀kọ̀ inú bí Hitler gidigidi pé ìdásí United Kingdom ti dènà rẹ̀ láti gba gbogbo Czechoslovakia ní ẹ̀ẹ̀kan. Nínú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó tẹ̀lé e, Hitler kọlu "àwọn olùwá-ogun" ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Júù, àti ní Oṣù Kínní 1939 [[Plan Z|ó pàṣẹ ní ìkọ̀kọ̀ fún ìmúgbòòrò ńlá ti ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi Jẹ́mánì]] láti koju agbára ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ní Oṣù Kẹta 1939, [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|Jẹ́mánì kọlu ìyókù Czechoslovakia]] ó sì padà pín in sí Jẹ́mánì [[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]] àti [[client state|ìpínlẹ̀ abẹ́]] tí ó fẹ́ràn Jẹ́mánì, [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovak Republic]].{{sfn|Davies|2006|loc=pp. 143–144 (2008 ed.)}} Hitler tún fún [[1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania|Lithuania ní àdéhùn ìkẹyìn]] ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta 1939, tí ó fipá mú yíyọ̀ǹda [[Klaipėda Region]], tí ó jẹ́ Jẹ́mánì ''Memelland'' tẹ́lẹ̀.{{sfn|Shirer|1990|pp=461–462}} [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H27337, Moskau, Stalin und Ribbentrop im Kreml.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Mínísítà Ọ̀rọ̀ Òkè-òkun Jẹ́mánì [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]] (ọ̀tún) àti olórí Soviet [[Joseph Stalin]], lẹ́yìn fífọwọ́sí [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]], ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ 1939]] Pẹ̀lú ìdààmú ńlá àti pẹ̀lú Hitler tí ó ń ṣe àwọn ìbéèrè síwájú síi lórí [[Free City of Danzig]], United Kingdom àti France [[Anglo-Polish alliance#British assurance to Poland|ṣe ìdánilójú àtìlẹyìn wọn fún òmìnira Poland]]; nígbà tí [[Italian invasion of Albania|Italy ṣẹ́gun Albania]] ní Oṣù Kẹrin 1939, ìdánilójú kannáà ni a fún [[Kingdom of Romania]] àti [[Kingdom of Greece]].{{sfn|Lowe|Marzari|2002|p=330}} Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn ìlérí [[Franco-Polish alliance|Franco]]-[[Anglo-Polish alliance|British]] sí Poland, Jẹ́mánì àti Italy fidi àjọṣepọ̀ tiwọn múlẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Pact of Steel]].{{sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|p=234}} Hitler fẹ̀sùn kan United Kingdom àti Poland pé wọ́n ń gbìyànjú láti "yí Jẹ́mánì ká" ó sì kọ [[Anglo-German Naval Agreement]] àti [[German–Polish declaration of non-aggression]].{{sfn|Shirer|1990|p=471}} Ipò náà di rògbòdìyàn ní ìparí Oṣù Kẹjọ bí àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì ti ń tẹ̀síwájú láti kórajọ sí ààlà Poland. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ Soviet Union fọwọ́sí [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact|àdéhùn àìbára-ẹni-jà]] pẹ̀lú Jẹ́mánì,{{sfn|Shore|2003|p=108}} lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ìjíròrò ẹlẹ́mẹ̀ta fún àjọṣepọ̀ ológun láàárín France, United Kingdom, àti Soviet Union ti kùnà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watson |first=Derek |date=2000 |title=Molotov's Apprenticeship in Foreign Policy: The Triple Alliance Negotiations in 1939 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_europe-asia-studies_2000-06_52_4/page/695 |journal=Europe-Asia Studies |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=695–722 |doi=10.1080/713663077 |jstor=153322 |s2cid=144385167}}</ref> Àdéhùn yìí ní àkọsílẹ̀ ìkọ̀kọ̀ tí ó sọ àwọn "agbègbè agbára" Jẹ́mánì àti Soviet (ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] àti Lithuania fún Jẹ́mánì; [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|ìlà-oòrùn Poland]], Finland, [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] àti [[Bessarabia]] fún Soviet Union), ó sì gbé ìbéèrè dìde nípa títẹ̀síwájú òmìnira Poland.{{sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|p=608}} Àdéhùn náà mú kí ó ṣòro fún Soviet láti tako ìpolongo kan lòdì sí Poland ó sì mú un dájú pé Jẹ́mánì kò ní dojúkọ ogun ní iwájú méjì, bí ó ti ṣe ní Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní. Lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, Hitler pàṣẹ kí ìkọlù tẹ̀síwájú ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tí ó gbọ́ pé United Kingdom ti parí àdéhùn ìrànlọ́wọ́ alájùmọ̀ṣe pẹ̀lú Poland àti pé Italy yóò dúró láìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì, ó pinnu láti sún un síwájú.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The German Campaign In Poland (1939) |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-II.html#chapter5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524013551/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-II.html#chapter5 |archive-date=24 May 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref> Ní ìdáhùn sí àwọn ìbéèrè United Kingdom fún ìjíròrò tààrà láti yẹra fún ogun, Jẹ́mánì ṣe àwọn ìbéèrè lórí Poland, èyí tí ó dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwàwí láti mú kí àjọṣepọ̀ burú síi.<ref name="ww2db_com">{{Cite web |title=The Danzig Crisis |url=https://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=162 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505010109/https://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=162 |archive-date=5 May 2016 |access-date=29 April 2016 |website=ww2db.com}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ, Hitler pàṣẹ pé kí [[plenipotentiary|aṣojú]] Poland kan rìnrìn-àjò lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ lọ sí Berlin láti dúnàádúrà gbigbe [[Gdańsk|Danzig]] sílẹ̀, àti láti gba [[referendum|ìdìbò]] láyè ní [[Polish Corridor]] nínú èyí tí àwọn ẹ̀yà Jẹ́mánì yóò dìbò lórí yíyapa kúrò.<ref name=ww2db_com/> Àwọn Poland kọ̀ láti tẹ̀lé àwọn ìbéèrè Jẹ́mánì, àti ní òru ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n sí ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ nínú ìpàdé aáwọ̀ pẹ̀lú aṣojú ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì [[Nevile Henderson]], Ribbentrop kéde pé Jẹ́mánì ka àwọn ìbéèrè rẹ̀ sí èyí tí wọ́n kọ̀.<ref name="ibiblio1939">{{Cite web |title=Major international events of 1939, with explanation |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1939.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310103815/https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1939.html |archive-date=10 March 2013 |access-date=9 May 2013 |publisher=Ibiblio.org}}</ref> == Ipa ọ̀nà ogun náà == {{For timeline|List of timelines of World War II}} {{See also|Diplomatic history of World War II|World War II by country}} === Ogun bésílẹ̀ ní Yúróòpù (1939–1940) === {{Main|European theatre of World War II}} [[File:Germans at Polish Border (1939-09-01).jpg|thumb|Fọ́tò [[Propaganda in Nazi Germany|ìpolongo Jẹ́mánì]] kan tí ó tún ṣe àfihàn yíyọ ààlà Poland kúrò ní [[Sopot]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Historyczna fotografia było pozowaną "ustawką"! | website=PolskieRadio.pl | url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/10/512/artykul/715295,historyczna-fotografia-bylo-pozowana-ustawka | language=pl | access-date=18 Oṣù Kẹta 2025}}</ref>]] Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1939, Jẹ́mánì [[Invasion of Poland|kọlu Poland]] lẹ́yìn [[Operation Himmler|tí ó ti ṣètò]] ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ [[Gleiwitz incident|ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ààlà tí kìí ṣe òtítọ́]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwàwí láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọlù náà.{{sfn|Evans|2008|pp=1–2}} Ìkọlù Jẹ́mánì àkọ́kọ́ ti ogun náà wáyé lòdì sí [[Battle of Westerplatte|àwọn ààbò Poland ní Westerplatte]].<ref name="Zabecki2015">{{Cite book |last=Zabecki |first=David T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq_lCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1663 |title=World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-1358-1242-3 |page=1663 |quote=The earliest fighting started at 0445 hours when marines from the battleship Schleswig-Holstein attempted to storm a small Polish fort in Danzig, the Westerplate |access-date=17 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307201256/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq_lCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1663 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> United Kingdom fèsì pẹ̀lú [[ultimatum|àdéhùn ìkẹyìn]] fún Jẹ́mánì láti dáwọ́ iṣẹ́ ológun dúró, àti ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹ̀sán, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n kọ etí ikún sí àdéhùn náà, Britain àti France kéde ogun lórí Jẹ́mánì.{{efn|[[United Kingdom declaration of war on Germany (1939)|UK kéde ogun lórí Jẹ́mánì]] ní aago mọ́kànlá òwúrọ̀. [[French declaration of war on Germany (1939)|France tẹ̀lé e ní wákàtí mẹ́fà lẹ́yìn náà]] ní aago márùn-ún ìrọ̀lẹ́.}} Nígbà àkókò [[Phoney War|Ogun Ayédèrú]], àjọṣepọ̀ náà kò pèsè àtìlẹyìn ológun tààrà kankan fún Poland, yàtọ̀ sí [[Saar Offensive|ìgbésẹ̀ kúkúrú ti France sínú Saarland]].<ref name="Keegan 1997 35">{{Harvnb|Keegan|1997|p=35}}.<br/>{{Harvnb|Cienciala|2010|p=128}}, observes that, while it is true that Poland was far away, making it difficult for the French and British to provide support, "[f]ew Western historians of World War&nbsp;II&nbsp;... know that the British had committed to bomb Germany if it attacked Poland, but did not do so except for one raid on the base of Wilhelmshaven. The French, who committed to attacking Germany in the west, had no intention of doing so."</ref> Àwọn Western Allies tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)|ìdèna ojú-omi ti Jẹ́mánì]], èyí tí ó ní èrò láti ba ọrọ̀-ajé àti ipá ogun orílẹ̀-èdè náà jẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|p=32}}; {{Harvnb|Dear|Foot|2001|pp=248–249}}; {{Harvnb|Roskill|1954|p=64}}.</ref> Jẹ́mánì fèsì nípa pàṣẹ [[Submarine warfare#World War II|ogun ọkọ̀-necker U-boat]] lòdì sí àwọn ọkọ̀-òwò àti ọkọ̀-ogun Allies, èyí tí ó padà di [[Battle of the Atlantic|Ogun Atlantic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of the Atlantic |url=https://www.history.co.uk/history-of-ww2/battle-of-the-atlantic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520073745/https://www.history.co.uk/history-of-ww2/battle-of-the-atlantic |archive-date=20 May 2022 |access-date=11 July 2022 |website=Sky HISTORY TV channel |language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹ̀sán, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì dé etílé [[Warsaw]]. [[Battle of the Bzura|Ìkọlù-padà Poland]] ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn dá ìtẹ̀síwájú Jẹ́mánì dúró fún ọjọ́ díẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' yí i ká. Àwọn ìyókù ọmọ-ogun Poland já lọ sí [[Siege of Warsaw (1939)|Warsaw tí a yíká]]. Ní ọjọ́ kვიtadilogun Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1939, ọjọ́ méjì lẹ́yìn fífọwọ́sí [[Battles of Khalkhin Gol|ìdáwọ́-iná-dúró pẹ̀lú Japan]], [[Soviet invasion of Poland|Soviet Union kọlu Poland]]{{sfn|Zaloga|2002|pp=80, 83}} lábẹ́ àwàwí pé ìpínlẹ̀ Poland ti dẹ́kun láti wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ginsburgs |first=George |date=1958 |title=A Case Study in the Soviet Use of International Law: Eastern Poland in 1939 |journal=The American Journal of International Law |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=69–84 |doi=10.2307/2195670 |jstor=2195670 |s2cid=146904066}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kùtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹ̀sán, àwọn olùṣọ́ Warsaw jọ̀wọ́ ara wọn fún àwọn Jẹ́mánì, àti [[Independent Operational Group Polesie|ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun ńlá tí ó kẹ́yìn ti Poland]] [[Battle of Kock (1939)|tẹríba ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹwàá]]. Láìka ìjatil ológun sí, Poland kò juwọ́sílẹ̀ rí; dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ó dá [[Polish government-in-exile|ìjọba Poland ní ìlú-mìíràn]] sílẹ̀ àti [[Polish Underground State|ẹ̀rọ ìjọba abẹ́lé tí ó wà]] ní Poland tí a gba.<ref>{{sfn|Hempel|2005|p=24}}</ref> Apá pàtàkì ti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ológun Poland [[Romanian Bridgehead|sá lọ sí Romania]] àti Latvia; ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn padà [[Military history of Poland during World War II|bá Axis jà]] ní àwọn ibi ogun mìíràn.{{sfn|Zaloga|2002|pp=88–89}} Jẹ́mánì [[Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany|gba ìwọ̀-oòrùn]] Poland ó sì [[General Government|ṣe àkóso àárín Poland]]; Soviet Union [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|gba ìlà-oòrùn Poland]]. Wọ́n gbé àwọn apá kéékèèké ilẹ̀ Poland fún [[Territorial evolution of Poland#World War II|Lithuania]] àti [[Slovak invasion of Poland|Slovakia]]. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹwàá, Hitler ṣe ìfilọ̀ àlàáfíà ní gbangba fún United Kingdom àti France ṣùgbọ́n ó sọ pé ọjọ́ iwájú Poland jẹ́ èyí tí Jẹ́mánì àti Soviet Union nìkan yóò pinnu. Wọ́n kọ ìfilọ̀ náà<ref name=ibiblio1939/> Hitler sì pàṣẹ ìkọlù lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ lórí France,<ref>Nuremberg Documents C-62/GB86, a directive from Hitler in October 1939 which concludes: "The attack [on France] is to be launched this Autumn if conditions are at all possible."</ref> èyí tí wọ́n sún síwájú títí di ìgbà ìrúwé 1940 nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tí kò dára.{{sfn|Liddell Hart|1977|pp=39–40}}{{sfn|Bullock|1990|loc=pp. 563–564, 566, 568–569, 574–575 (1983 ed.)}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=[[Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk]] |first=Len |last=Deighton |author-link=Len Deighton |publisher=Jonathan Cape |date=1979 |isbn=978-0-2240-1648-3 |pages=186–187}} Deighton states that "the offensive was postponed twenty-nine times before it finally took place."</ref> [[File:Karelian Isthmus 13 March 1940.png|thumb|[[Mannerheim Line]] àti [[Karelian Isthmus]] ní ọjọ́ tí ó kẹ́yìn [[Winter War]], ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹta 1940]] Lẹ́yìn tí ogun bésílẹ̀ ní Poland, Stalin halẹ̀ mọ́ [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], àti [[Lithuania]] pẹ̀lú ìkọlù ológun, ó fipá mú àwọn [[Baltic states|orílẹ̀-èdè Baltic]] mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta láti fọwọ́sí [[Background of the occupation of the Baltic states#Soviet ultimatums and occupation|àwọn àdéhùn]] tí ó gba dídá àwọn ibùdó ológun Soviet sílẹ̀ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí; ní Oṣù Kẹwàá 1939, wọ́n gbé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Soviet pàtàkì lọ síbẹ̀.{{sfn|Smith|Pabriks|Purs|Lane|2002|p=24}}{{sfn|Bilinsky|1999|p=9}}{{sfn|Murray|Millett|2001|pp=55–56}} [[Finland]] kọ̀ láti fọwọ́sí irúfẹ́ àdéhùn bẹ́ẹ̀ ó sì kọ̀ láti gbé apá kan ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ fún Soviet Union. [[Winter War#Soviet invasion|Soviet Union kọlu Finland]] ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 1939,{{sfn|Spring|1986|pp=207–226}} wọ́n sì padà lé e kúrò nínú [[League of Nations]] fún ìwà-ọ̀daràn ti ìkọlù yìí.<ref>{{Cite book |last=van Dyke |first=Carl |title=The Soviet Invasion of Finland |date=1997 |publisher=Frank Cass Publishers |isbn=978-0-7146-4753-1 |location=Portland, Oregon |page=71}}</ref> Láìka iye àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí ó pọ̀ jùlọ sí, àṣeyọrí ológun Soviet nígbà [[Winter War]] kò pọ̀, ogun Finno–Soviet sì parí ní Oṣù Kẹta 1940 pẹ̀lú [[Moscow Peace Treaty|àwọn ilẹ̀ díẹ̀ tí Finland yọ̀ǹda]].{{sfn|Hanhimäki|1997|p=12}} Ní Oṣù Kẹfà 1940, Soviet Union [[Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)|gba]] gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ Estonia, Latvia àti Lithuania,{{sfn|Bilinsky|1999|p=9}} bákan náà àti àwọn agbègbè Romania ti [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina|Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, àti agbègbè Hertsa]]. Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ 1940, Hitler gbé [[Second Vienna Award]] ka Romania èyí tí ó yọrí sí gbigbe [[Northern Transylvania]] fún Hungary.{{sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|pp=745, 975}} Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1940, Bulgaria béèrè [[Southern Dobruja]] lọ́wọ́ Romania pẹ̀lú àtìlẹyìn Jẹ́mánì àti Italy, èyí tí ó yọrí sí [[Treaty of Craiova]].<ref name="Haynes-2000">{{Cite book |last=Haynes |first=Rebecca |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b_I-AQAAIAAJ |title=Romanian policy towards Germany, 1936–40 |date=2000 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-0-3122-3260-3 |page=205 |access-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307201243/https://books.google.com/books?id=b_I-AQAAIAAJ |archive-date=7 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pàdánù ìdá mẹ́ta ilẹ̀ Romania ti ọdún 1939 fa ìfipágbajọba lòdì sí Ọba Carol II, tí ó sọ Romania di apàṣẹwàá fascist lábẹ́ Marshal [[Ion Antonescu]], pẹ̀lú ìdarí síhà Axis nínú ìrètí ìdánilójú Jẹ́mánì.<ref>Deletant, pp. 48–51, 66; Griffin (1993), p. 126; Ornea, pp. 325–327</ref> Lẹ́ẹ̀kannáà, ìbáṣepọ̀ òṣèlú àti ifọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ọrọ̀-ajé Jẹ́mánì–Soviet{{sfn|Ferguson|2006|pp=367, 376, 379, 417}}{{sfn|Snyder|2010|pp=118ff}} bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní lọ́ra,{{sfn|Koch|1983|pp=912–914, 917–920}}{{sfn|Roberts|2006|p=56}} àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìmúrasílẹ̀ fún ogun.{{sfn|Roberts|2006|p=59}} === Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Yúróòpù (1940–1941) === {{Main|Western Front (World War II)}} [[File:WWIIEuropeMay40.gif|thumb|upright=1.4|Ìtẹ̀síwájú Jẹ́mánì sínú Belgium àti Àríwá France, ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Karùn-ún{{snd}}ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kẹfà 1940, tí ó kọjá [[Maginot Line]] (tí a fi pupa dúdú hàn)]] Ní Oṣù Kẹrin 1940, [[Operation Weserübung|Jẹ́mánì kọlu Denmark àti Norway]] láti dáàbò bo àwọn ẹrù [[Swedish iron-ore industry during World War II|irin láti Sweden]], èyí tí àwọn Allies [[Operation Wilfred|ń gbìyànjú láti dènà]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Murray|Millett|2001|pp=57–63}}.</ref> [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|Denmark tẹríba lẹ́yìn wákàtí mẹ́fà]], àti [[Norwegian campaign|láìka àtìlẹyìn Allies sí]], wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Norway láàárín oṣù méjì.{{sfn|Commager|2004|p=9}} [[Norway Debate|Ìbínú Britain lórí ogun Norway]] yọrí sí ìkọ̀wé fi ipò sílẹ̀ ti Alákòóso Àgbà [[Neville Chamberlain]], ẹni tí [[Winston Churchill]] rọ́pò ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá{{spaces}}Oṣù Karùn-ún 1940.{{sfn|Reynolds|2006|p=76}} Ní ọjọ́ kannáà, Jẹ́mánì [[Battle of France|ṣe ìkọlù sí France]]. Láti yẹra fún àwọn odi líle [[Maginot Line]] ní ààlà Franco-German, Jẹ́mánì darí ìkọlù rẹ̀ sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì ti [[German invasion of Belgium (1940)|Belgium]], [[German invasion of the Netherlands|Netherlands]], àti [[German invasion of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]].{{sfn|Evans|2008|pp=122–123}} Àwọn Jẹ́mánì ṣe ọgbọ́n yíyíká nípasẹ̀ agbègbè [[Ardennes]],{{sfn|Keegan|1997|pp=59–60}} èyí tí àwọn Allies ti rò tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ó jẹ́ ìdènà àdánidá tí kò ṣeé gbà kọjá fún àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun.{{sfn|Regan|2004|p=152}}{{sfn|Liddell Hart|1977|p=48}} Nípa lílo àwọn ọgbọ́n ''[[Blitzkrieg]]'' tuntun lọ́nà àṣeyọrí, ''Wehrmacht'' yára tẹ̀síwájú sí Channel ó sì gé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Allied kúrò ní Belgium, tí ó há ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ-ogun Allied mọ́ ààlà Franco-Belgian nítòsí Lille. United Kingdom ṣàṣeyọrí [[Dunkirk evacuation|láti kó ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ-ogun Allied kúrò]] ní ilẹ̀ náà ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹfà, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ní láti fi gbogbo ohun-èèlò wọn sílẹ̀.{{sfn|Keegan|1997|pp=66–67}} Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹfà, [[Italian invasion of France|Italy kọlu France]], ó kéde ogun lórí France àti United Kingdom méjèèjì.{{sfn|Overy|Wheatcroft|1999|p=207}} Àwọn Jẹ́mánì yíjú sí gúúsù lòdì sí àwọn ọmọ-ogun France tí wọ́n ti dínkù, [[Paris in World War II|Paris]] sì bọ́ sí ọwọ́ wọn ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlá{{spaces}}Oṣù Kẹfà. Ọjọ́ mẹ́jọ lẹ́yìn náà [[Armistice of 22 June 1940|France fọwọ́sí àdéhùn ìdáwọ́-iná-dúró pẹ̀lú Jẹ́mánì]]; wọ́n pín in sí [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|Jẹ́mánì]] àti [[Italian occupation of France|àwọn agbègbè ìgbàjọba Italy]],{{sfn|Umbreit|1991|p=311}} àti [[rump state|ìpínlẹ̀ tí kò sí lábẹ́ ìgbàjọba]] lábẹ́ [[Vichy France|Ìjọba Vichy]], èyí tí ó jẹ́ pé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ aláìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì lábẹ́ òfin, ó sábà máa ń ṣe atilẹyin fún Jẹ́mánì. France pa ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi rẹ̀ mọ́, èyí tí [[Attack on Mers-el-Kébir|United Kingdom kọlu]] ní ọjọ́ kẹta{{spaces}}Oṣù Keje nínú ìgbìyànjú láti dènà gbígba tí Jẹ́mánì lè gba á.{{sfn|Brown|2004|p=198}} Ogun ojú-ofurufu [[Battle of Britain]]{{sfn|Keegan|1997|p=[{{GBurl|id=TF8kcx9hTssC|p=72}} 72]}} bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Keje pẹ̀lú [[Kanalkampf|àwọn ìkọlù Luftwaffe lórí ọkọ̀-ojú-omi àti èbúté]].<ref name="Murray_BoB">{{harvnb|Murray|1983|loc=[https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-2.html#cn70 The Battle of Britain].}}</ref> [[Adlertag|Ìpolongo Jẹ́mánì fún agbára ojú-ofurufu]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹjọ ṣùgbọ́n ìkùnà rẹ̀ láti ṣẹ́gun [[RAF Fighter Command]] fipá mú sísún [[Operation Sea Lion|ìkọlù Jẹ́mánì tí a dámọ̀ràn lórí Britain]] síwájú títí láé. Ìkọlù [[strategic bombing|bọ́m̀bù ọgbọ́n]] ti Jẹ́mánì pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìkọlù òru lórí London àti àwọn ìlú ńlá mìíràn ní [[the Blitz]], ṣùgbọ́n ó fẹ́rẹ̀ parí ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1941{{sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|pp=108–109}} lẹ́yìn tí ó kùnà láti da ipá ogun Britain rú lọ́nà pàtàkì.{{r|Murray_BoB}} Ní lílo àwọn èbúté France tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ gba, Ọmọ-ogun Ojú-omi Jẹ́mánì [[Battle of the Atlantic#'The Happy Time' (June 1940 – February 1941)|gbádùn àṣeyọrí]] lòdì sí [[Royal Navy]] tí ó ti tàn kálẹ̀ jù, nípa lílo [[U-boat]]s lòdì sí ọkọ̀-òwò Britain [[Battle of the Atlantic|ní Atlantic]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Goldstein|2004|p=35}}</ref> British [[Home Fleet]] ṣe àṣeyọrí pàtàkì ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n{{spaces}}Oṣù Karùn-ún 1941 nípa [[Last battle of Bismarck|ríri ọkọ̀-ogun Jẹ́mánì ''Bismarck'' rì]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Steury|1987|p=209}}; {{Harvnb|Zetterling|Tamelander|2009|p=282}}.</ref> Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 1939, United States ń ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún Ṣáínà àti Western Allies, ó sì ti ṣàtúnṣe [[Neutrality Acts of the 1930s|Neutrality Act]] láti gba "[[Cash and carry (World War II)|cash and carry]]" rírà láyè fún àwọn Allies.{{sfn|Overy|Wheatcroft|1999|pp=328–330}} Ní 1940, lẹ́yìn tí Jẹ́mánì gba Paris, ìwọ̀n [[United States Navy]] [[Two-Ocean Navy Act|pọ̀ sí i gidigidi]]. Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán United States tún gbà sí [[Destroyers-for-bases deal|pàṣípààrọ̀ àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun apanirun Amẹ́ríkà fún àwọn ibùdó Britain]].{{sfn|Maingot|1994|p=52}} Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará-ìlú Amẹ́ríkà tẹ̀síwájú láti tako ìdásí ológun tààrà nínú aáwọ̀ náà títí di 1941.{{sfn|Cantril|1940|p=390}} Ní Oṣù Kejìlá 1940, Ààrẹ [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] fẹ̀sùn kan Hitler pé ó ń gbèrò láti ṣẹ́gun àgbáyé ó sì sọ pé kò sí ìjíròrò kankan tí ó wúlò, ó ké sí United States láti di "[[Arsenal of Democracy|ilé-ìhámọ́ra tiwantiwa]]" ó sì gbé àwọn ètò [[Lend-Lease]] ti ìrànlọ́wọ́ ológun àti ti ẹ̀dá ènìyàn lárugẹ láti ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún ipá ogun Britain; Lend-Lease padà dé ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn Allies mìíràn, pẹ̀lú Soviet Union lẹ́yìn tí Jẹ́mánì [[Operation Barbarossa|kọlu]] ú.<ref name="ibiblio_1940">{{Cite web |title=Major international events of 1940, with explanation |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1940.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525060313/https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1940.html |archive-date=25 May 2013 |publisher=Ibiblio.org}}</ref> United States bẹ̀rẹ̀ ètò ọgbọ́n láti múra sílẹ̀ fún ìkọlù ńlá lòdì sí Jẹ́mánì.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner Watson |first=Mark |title=Coordination With Britain |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Plans/USA-WD-Plans-12.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430001549/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Plans/USA-WD-Plans-12.html |archive-date=30 April 2013 |access-date=13 May 2013 |website=US Army in WWII – Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Operations}}</ref> Ní òpin Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1940, [[Tripartite Pact]] so Japan, Italy, àti Jẹ́mánì pọ̀ ní gbangba gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Axis powers]]. Tripartite Pact sọ pé orílẹ̀-èdè èyíkéyìí—ayàfi Soviet Union—tí ó bá kọlu Agbára Axis kan yóò fi ipá mú láti bá gbogbo àwọn mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta jà.{{Sfn|Bilhartz|Elliott|2007|p=179}} Axis gbòòrò síi ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 1940 nígbà tí [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]], [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovakia]], àti [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] darapọ̀.{{Sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|p=877}} [[Romania in World War II|Romania]] àti [[Hungary in World War II|Hungary]] ṣe àwọn àfikún pàtàkì sí ogun Axis lòdì sí Soviet Union, nínú ọ̀ràn ti Romania ní apá kan láti gba [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina|ilẹ̀ tí wọ́n gbé fún Soviet Union]] padà.{{Sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|pp=745–746}} === Mẹditarenia (1940–1941) === {{Main|Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹfà 1940, Italian ''[[Regia Aeronautica]]'' [[Siege of Malta (World War II)|kọlu ó sì dènà Malta]], ohun-ìní Britain. Láti ìparí ìgbà ẹ̀rùn sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbà ìwóewé, Italy [[Italian invasion of British Somaliland|ṣẹ́gun British Somaliland]] ó sì ṣe [[Italian invasion of Egypt|ìkọlù sínú Egypt tí Britain dìmú]]. Ní Oṣù Kẹwàá, [[Greco-Italian War|Italy kọlu Greece]], ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n lé ìkọlù náà padà pẹ̀lú òfò ńlá fún Italy; ogun náà parí láàárín oṣù díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà ilẹ̀ kéékèèké.{{sfn|Clogg|2002|p=118}} Láti ran Italy lọ́wọ́ àti láti dènà Britain láti rí àyè dúró, Jẹ́mánì múra láti kọlu Balkans, èyí tí yóò wu àwọn pápá epo Romania léwu tí yóò sì kọlu agbára Britain ní Mediterranean.<ref>{{Harvnb|Evans|2008|pp=146, 152}}; {{Harvnb|US Army|1986|pp=[https://archive.today/20100128030335/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/20_260_1.htm 4–6]}}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-783-0109-11, Nordafrika, Panzer III in Fahrt.jpg|thumb|Jẹ́mánì [[Panzer III]] ti [[Afrika Korps]] ń tẹ̀síwájú kọjá aṣálẹ̀ Àríwá Áfíríkà, Oṣù Kẹrin 1941]] Ní Oṣù Kejìlá 1940, àwọn ọmọ-ogun British Empire bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Operation Compass|ìkọlù-padà]] lòdì sí àwọn ọmọ-ogun Italy ní Egypt àti [[East African campaign (World War II)|Italian East Africa]].{{sfn|Jowett|2001|pp=9–10}} Àwọn ìkọlù náà yọrí sí rere; nípa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kejì 1941, Italy ti pàdánù ìṣàkóso ìlà-oòrùn Libya, àti pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ-ogun Italy ni a ti mú ní ẹ̀wọ̀n. [[Regia Marina|Ọmọ-ogun Ojú-omi Italy]] náà jìyà àwọn ìjatil ńlá, pẹ̀lú Royal Navy tí ó ba àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun Italy mẹ́ta jẹ́ lẹ́yìn [[Battle of Taranto|ìkọlù ọkọ̀-òfuurufú ní Taranto]], tí ó sì sọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun mìíràn di aláìlágbára ní [[Battle of Cape Matapan]].{{sfn|Jackson|2006|p=106}} Àwọn ìjatil Italy mú kí Jẹ́mánì [[Operation Sonnenblume|gbé ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun kan lọ]] sí Àríwá Áfíríkà; ní òpin Oṣù Kẹta 1941, [[Erwin Rommel|Rommel]]'s [[Afrika Korps]] [[Western Desert campaign|ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìkọlù]] tí ó lé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Commonwealth sẹ́yìn.{{sfn|Laurier|2001|pp=7–8}} Láàárín oṣù kan, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis tẹ̀síwájú sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn Egypt wọ́n sì [[Siege of Tobruk|yí èbúté Tobruk ká]].{{sfn|Murray|Millett|2001|pp=263–276}} Nípa ìparí Oṣù Kẹta 1941, [[Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)|Bulgaria]] àti [[Yugoslavia]] fọwọ́sí [[Tripartite Pact]]; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn onítara-orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n fẹ́ràn Britain [[Yugoslav coup d'état|gbajọba ní Yugoslavia ní ọjọ́ méjì lẹ́yìn náà]]. Jẹ́mánì àti Italy fèsì pẹ̀lú ìkọlù lẹ́ẹ̀kannáà sí [[Invasion of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] àti [[German invasion of Greece|Greece]], tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹrin 1941; àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè méjèèjì ni a fipá mú láti tẹríba láàárín oṣù náà.{{sfn|Gilbert|1989|pages=174–175}} [[Battle of Crete|Ìkọlù ojú-ofurufu ti erékùṣù Greece ti Crete]] ní òpin Oṣù Karùn-ún parí ìṣẹ́gun Jẹ́mánì lórí Balkans.{{sfn|Gilbert|1989|pages=184–187}} Ogun abẹ́lé (Partisan warfare) bẹ̀rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà lòdì sí [[World War II in Yugoslavia|ìgbàjọba Axis ní Yugoslavia]], èyí tí ó tẹ̀síwájú títí di òpin ogun náà.{{sfn|Gilbert|1989|pages=208, 575, 604}} Ní Àárín Gbungbun Ìlà-oòrùn ní Oṣù Karùn-ún, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Commonwealth [[Anglo-raqi War|pa ìdìde kan rẹ́ ní Iraq]] èyí tí àwọn ọkọ̀-òfuurufú Jẹ́mánì láti àwọn ibùdó láàárín [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|Syria]] tí Vichy ń darí ti ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún.{{sfn|Watson|2003|p=80}} Láàárín Oṣù Kẹfà àti Oṣù Keje, àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí Britain ń darí [[Syria–Lebanon campaign|kọlu wọ́n sì gba àwọn ohun-ìní France ti Syria àti Lebanon]], pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti ọ̀dọ̀ [[Free France|Free French]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Morrisey |first=Will |title=Winston Churchill |date=2019 |pages=119–126 |chapter=What Churchill and De Gaulle learned from the Great War |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780429027642-6 |isbn=978-0-4290-2764-2 |s2cid=189257503}}</ref> === Ìkọlù Axis lórí Soviet Union (1941) === {{Main|Eastern Front (World War II)}} [[File:Second world war europe animation large de.gif|thumb|upright=1.2|Àwòrán mapu [[European theatre of World War II|ìpele Yúróòpù ti Ogun Àgbáyé&nbsp;II]], 1939–1945 – Pupa: [[Allies of World War II|Western Allies]] àti Soviet Union lẹ́yìn 1941; Aláwọ̀ Ewé: [[Soviet Union]] ṣáájú 1941; Búlúù: [[Axis powers]]]] Pẹ̀lú ipò ní Yúróòpù àti Éṣíà tí ó dúró sójú kan díẹ̀, Jẹ́mánì, Japan, àti Soviet Union ṣe àwọn ìmúrasílẹ̀ fún ogun. Pẹ̀lú àwọn Soviets tí wọ́n ń ṣọ́ra fún àwọn aáwọ̀ tí ó ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú Jẹ́mánì, àti àwọn Japanese tí wọ́n ń gbèrò láti lo àǹfààní Ogun Yúróòpù láti gba àwọn ohun-ìní Yúróòpù tí ó kún fún àwọn ohun-àlùmọ́ni ní [[Southeast Asia|Gúúsù Ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà]], àwọn agbára méjèèjì fọwọ́sí [[Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact|Àdéhùn Àìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì]] ní Oṣù Kẹrin 1941.{{sfn|Garver|1988|p=114}} Ní ìdàkejì, àwọn Jẹ́mánì ń ṣe ìmúrasílẹ̀ díẹ̀díẹ̀ fún ìkọlù lórí Soviet Union, wọ́n ń kó àwọn ọmọ-ogun jọ ní ààlà Soviet.{{sfn|Weinberg|2005|p=195}} Hitler gbàgbọ́ pé kíkọ̀ tí United Kingdom kọ̀ láti fòpin sí ogun náà dá lórí ìrètí pé United States àti Soviet Union yóò wọ ogun lòdì sí Jẹ́mánì.{{sfn|Murray|1983|p=[https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-3.html 69]}} Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje 1940, Hitler pinnu pé a gbọ́dọ̀ pa Soviet Union run ó sì ní èrò láti ṣẹ́gun [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]], [[Baltic states]] àti [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussia]].<ref name="GSWW4_26">{{Harvnb|Förster|1998|p=26}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Jẹ́mánì gíga mìíràn bíi Ribbentrop rí àǹfààní láti dá ẹgbẹ́ Euro-Asian kan sílẹ̀ lòdì sí British Empire nípa pípe Soviet Union sínú Tripartite Pact.<ref name="GSWW4_38">{{Harvnb|Förster|1998|pp=38–42}}.</ref> Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 1940, [[German–Soviet Axis talks|àwọn ìjíròrò wáyé]] láti pinnu bóyá Soviet Union yóò darapọ̀ mọ́ àdéhùn náà. Àwọn Soviets fi ìfẹ́ hàn díẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n béèrè fún àwọn yíyọ̀ǹda láti Finland, Bulgaria, Turkey, àti Japan tí Jẹ́mánì kà sí èyí tí kò ṣeé gbà. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kejìlá 1940, Hitler pàṣẹ láti múra sílẹ̀ fún ìkọlù Soviet Union.{{sfn|Shirer|1990|pp=810–812}} Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà 1941, Jẹ́mánì, pẹ̀lú àtìlẹyìn Italy àti Romania, kọlu Soviet Union ní [[Operation Barbarossa]], pẹ̀lú Jẹ́mánì tí ń fẹ̀sùn kan àwọn Soviets ti [[Soviet offensive plans controversy|dídìtẹ̀ mọ́ wọn]]; Finland àti Hungary darapọ̀ mọ́ wọn láìpẹ́.<ref name="Events1941">{{Citation |last1=Klooz |first1=Marle |title=Events leading up to World War II – Chronological History |date=1944 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events |access-date=9 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214113907/https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events |archive-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=live |series=78th Congress, 2d Session – House Document N. 541 |at=pp. 267–312 ([https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1941.html 1941]) |others=Director: Humphrey, Richard A. |place=Washington, DC |publisher=US Government Printing Office |last2=Wiley |first2=Evelyn}}</ref> Àwọn ibi tí ìkọlù òjijì yìí{{sfn|Sella|1978|p=555}} darí sí ní pàtàkì ni [[Baltic region|agbègbè Baltic]], Moscow àti Ukraine, pẹ̀lú [[Strategic goal (military)|góńgó ìkẹyìn]] ti píparí ogun 1941 náà nítòsí [[A–A line|Arkhangelsk–Astrakhan line]]—láti [[Caspian Sea|Caspian]] sí [[White Sea]]s. Àwọn èrò Hitler ni láti pa Soviet Union run gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbára ológun, pa [[communism|kọ́múnísìmù]] run, ṣẹ̀dá ''[[Lebensraum]]'' ("àyè ìgbé"){{sfn|Kershaw|2007|pp=66–69}} nípa [[Generalplan Ost|gbígba ilẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ àwọn abínibí]],{{sfn|Steinberg|1995}} àti dídánilójú àǹfààní sí àwọn ohun-àlùmọ́ni pàtàkì tí a nílò láti ṣẹ́gun àwọn abanidíje Jẹ́mánì tí ó kù.{{sfn|Hauner|1978}} Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé [[Red Army]] ń múra sílẹ̀ fún [[counter-offensive|ìkọlù-padà]] pàtàkì ṣáájú ogun náà,{{sfn|Roberts|1995}} Operation Barbarossa fipá mú [[Stavka|àṣẹ gíga Soviet]] láti gba [[strategic defence|ààbò oní-ọgbọ́n]]. Nígbà ẹ̀rùn, Axis ṣe àwọn àṣeyọrí ńlá sínú ilẹ̀ Soviet, tí ó fa òfò ńlá nínú àwọn ènìyàn àti ohun-èèlò. Ní àárín Oṣù Kẹjọ, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, Jẹ́mánì [[Oberkommando des Heeres|Army High Command]] pinnu láti [[Battle of Smolensk (1941)|dá ìkọlù]] ti [[Army Group Centre]] tí ó ti dínkù gidigidi dúró, àti láti darí [[2nd Panzer Army|2nd Panzer Group]] láti fún àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí ń tẹ̀síwájú sí àárín Ukraine àti Leningrad lókun.{{sfn|Wilt|1981}} [[Battle of Kiev (1941)|Ìkọlù Kiev]] yọrí sí rere lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀, tí ó yọrí sí yíyíká àti pípa àwọn ọmọ-ogun Soviet mẹrin run, ó sì mú kí ó ṣeéṣe láti [[Crimean campaign|tẹ̀síwájú sínú Crimea]] àti ìlà-oòrùn Ukraine tí ó ní ilé-iṣẹ́ púpọ̀ ([[First Battle of Kharkov]]).{{sfn|Erickson|2003|pp=114–137}} [[File:RIAN archive 2153 After bombing.jpg|thumb|Àwọn ará-ìlú Russia ń fi àwọn ilé tí ó bàjẹ́ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù Jẹ́mánì nígbà [[siege of Leningrad|ìdènà Leningrad]] ([[Saint Petersburg]]), ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kejìlá 1942]] Dídarí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹrin àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis àti púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ipá ojú-ofurufu wọn láti France àti àárín Mediterranean sí [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Iwájú Ogun Ìlà-oòrùn]]{{sfn|Glantz|2001|p=9}} mú kí United Kingdom tún rò nípa [[grand strategy|ọgbọ́n ńlá]] rẹ̀.{{sfn|Farrell|1993}} Ní Oṣù Keje, UK àti Soviet Union dá [[Anglo-Soviet Agreement|àjọṣepọ̀ ológun lòdì sí Jẹ́mánì]]{{sfn|Keeble|1990|p=29}} àti ní Oṣù Kẹjọ, United Kingdom àti United States lápapọ̀ gbé [[Atlantic Charter]] jáde, èyí tí ó ṣe àlàyé àwọn góńgó Britain àti Amẹ́ríkà fún ayé lẹ́yìn ogun.{{sfn|Beevor|2012|p=220}} Ní ìparí Oṣù Kẹjọ àwọn British àti Soviets [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|kọlu Iran aláìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì]] láti dáàbò bo [[Persian Corridor]], àwọn [[oil fields|pápá epo]] Iran, àti láti dènà èyíkéyìí ìtẹ̀síwájú Axis nípasẹ̀ Iran síhà àwọn pápá epo Baku tàbí India.{{sfn|Bueno de Mesquita|Smith|Siverson|Morrow|2003|p=425}} Nípa Oṣù Kẹwàá, àwọn agbára Axis ti ṣàṣeyọrí [[operational objective|àwọn góńgó iṣẹ́]] ní Ukraine àti agbègbè Baltic, pẹ̀lú ìdènà [[siege of Leningrad|Leningrad]]{{sfn|Kleinfeld|1983}} nìkan àti [[Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)|Sevastopol]] tí ó ń tẹ̀síwájú.{{sfn|Jukes|2001|p=113}} [[Battle of Moscow|Ìkọlù ńlá lòdì sí Moscow]] tún bẹ̀rẹ̀; lẹ́yìn oṣù méjì ti ìjà líle ní ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó ń le síi, ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì fẹ́rẹ̀ dé etílé Moscow, níbi tí àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí ó ti rẹ̀<ref>{{Harvnb|Glantz|2001|p=26}}: "Nípa ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kọkànlá [Wehrmacht] ti pàdánù ìdá 20% ti agbára rẹ̀ tí ó ti fi sílẹ̀ (àwọn ọkùnrin 686,000), títí dé ìdá 2/3 ti àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ½&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù rẹ̀, àti ìdá 65 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àwọn tanki rẹ̀. German Army High Command (OKH) ṣe ìṣirò àwọn ẹgbẹ́ 136 rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí ó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ 83 tí ó kún fún agbára."</ref> ti di mímú ní ipá láti dá ìkọlù náà dúró.{{sfn|Reinhardt|1992|p=227}} Àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá ni àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis gba, ṣùgbọ́n ìpolongo wọn kùnà láti ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn góńgó pàtàkì rẹ̀: àwọn ìlú pàtàkì méjì ṣì wà ní ọwọ́ Soviet, [[Military capability|agbára Soviet láti kọjujà]] kò fọ́, Soviet Union sì pa apá pàtàkì ti agbára ológun rẹ̀ mọ́. [[Phase (combat)|Ìpele]] ''blitzkrieg'' ti ogun náà ní Yúróòpù ti parí.{{sfn|Milward|1964}} Nípa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kejìlá, [[Military reserve force|àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí a pè sísẹ́]] tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ kórajọ{{sfn|Rotundo|1986}} gba àwọn Soviets láyè láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìdọ́gba iye pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis.{{sfn|Glantz|2001|p=26}} Èyí, àti [[Richard Sorge#Wartime intelligence|dátà òye]] tí ó fidi rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pé iye kékeré àwọn ọmọ-ogun Soviet ní Ìlà-oòrùn yóò tó láti dènà èyíkéyìí ìkọlù láti ọ̀dọ̀ Japanese [[Kwantung Army]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deighton |first=Len |url=https://archive.org/details/bloodtearsfollyo0000deig_v3m3 |title=Blood, Tears and Folly |date=1993 |publisher=Pimlico |isbn=978-0-7126-6226-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/bloodtearsfollyo0000deig_v3m3/page/479 479]}}</ref> gba àwọn Soviets láyè láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Winter campaign of 1941–1942|ìkọlù-padà ńlá]] tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejìlá ní gbogbo iwájú ogun tí ó sì ti àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì sẹ́yìn ní {{convert|100|-|250|km|mi}} sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Beevor|1998|pp=41–42}}; {{Harvnb|Evans|2008|pp=213–214}}, notes that "Zhukov had pushed the Germans back where they had launched Operation Typhoon two months before.&nbsp;... Only Stalin's decision to attack all along the front instead of concentrating his forces in an all-out assault against the retreating German Army Group Centre prevented the disaster from being even worse."</ref> === Ogun bésílẹ̀ ní Pàsífíìkì (1941) === {{main|Pacific War}} [[File:228 regiment in HK.jpg|thumb|Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan [[Battle of Hong Kong|ń wọ Hong Kong]], ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejìlá 1941]] Lẹ́yìn [[Mukden incident|ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Mukden]] ti [[false flag|àṣìborí]] Japan ní 1931, ìkọlù Japan lórí [[USS Panay incident|ọkọ̀-ogun USS ''Panay'']] ti Amẹ́ríkà ní 1937, àti [[Nanjing Massacre|Ìpakúpa Nanjing]] ti 1937–1938, [[Japan–United States relations#1937–1941|àjọṣepọ̀ Japan-Amẹ́ríkà bàjẹ́]]. Ní 1939, United States fi tó Japan letí pé òun kò ní fa àdéhùn òwò òun gùn, àti pé èrò àwọn ará-ìlú Amẹ́ríkà tí ó tako ìfẹ̀gbe Japan yọrí sí ọ̀wọ́ àwọn ìfòfindè ọrọ̀-ajé—[[Export Control Act|Òfin Ìṣàkóso Ìkójáde]]—èyí tí ó fòfindè lórí ìkójáde àwọn kẹ́míkà, ohun-àlùmọ́ni àti ẹ̀yà-ara ohun-ìjà ológun láti US sí Japan, tí ó sì mú ìfúnpa ọrọ̀-ajé pọ̀ síi lórí ìjọba Japan.{{r|ibiblio_1940}}<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1983 |title=Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 1931–1941 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/paw |url-status=live |journal=U.S. Department of State Publication |issue=1983 |pages=87–97 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114073007/http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/paw |archive-date=14 January 2022 |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">Maechling, Charles. ''Pearl Harbor: The First Energy War''. History Today. December 2000</ref> Ní 1939 Japan ṣe [[Battle of Changsha (1939)|ìkọlù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ sí Changsha]], ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n lé wọn padà nígbà tí ó di ìparí Oṣù Kẹ̀sán.{{sfn|Jowett|Andrew|2002|p=14}} Láìka [[1939–1940 Winter Offensive|ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìkọlù]] sí láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn méjèèjì, nípa 1940 ogun láàárín Ṣáínà àti Japan ti dúró sójú kan. Láti mú ìfúnpa pọ̀ síi lórí Ṣáínà nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà ìpèsè, àti láti mú ipò àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan dúró dáradára bí ogun bá bésílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn agbára Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, Japan kọlu ó sì [[Japanese invasion of French Indochina|gba àríwá Indochina]] ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1940.{{sfn|Overy|Wheatcroft|1999|p=289}} Àwọn ọmọ-ogun nationalist Ṣáínà ṣe [[1939–1940 Winter Offensive|ìkọlù-padà]] ńlá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ 1940. Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ, [[Chinese Communist Party|àwọn kọ́múnísítì Ṣáínà]] ṣe [[Hundred Regiments Offensive|ìkọlù ní Àárín Ṣáínà]];{{sfn|Frank|2020|p=161}} ní ìgbẹ̀san, Japan gbé [[Three Alls policy|àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ líle]] kalẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n gba láti dín àwọn ènìyàn àti ohun-èèlò fún àwọn kọ́múnísítì kù.{{sfn|Joes|2004|p=224}} Ìkórìíra tí ó ń tẹ̀síwájú láàárín àwọn ọmọ-ogun kọ́múnísítì àti nationalist ti Ṣáínà [[New Fourth Army incident|yọrí sí ìjà ológun ní Oṣù Kínní 1941]], èyí tí ó fòpin sí ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ wọn pátápátá.{{sfn|Fairbank|Goldman|2006|p=320}} Ní Oṣù Kẹta, ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun kọkànlá ti Japan kọlu olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun kọkàndínlógún ti nationalist Ṣáínà ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n lé wọn padà nígbà [[Battle of Shanggao]].{{sfn|Hsu|Chang|1971|p=30}} Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán, Japan gbìyànjú láti [[Battle of Changsha (1941)|gba ìlú Changsha]] lẹ́ẹ̀kan síi, wọ́n sì bá àwọn ọmọ-ogun nationalist Ṣáínà jà.{{sfn|Hsu|Chang|1971|p=33}} Àwọn àṣeyọrí Jẹ́mánì ní Yúróòpù mú kí Japan mú ìfúnpa pọ̀ síi lórí àwọn ìjọba Yúróòpù ní [[Southeast Asia|Gúúsù Ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà]]. Ìjọba Dutch gbà láti pèsè epo fún Japan láti [[Dutch East Indies]], ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìjíròrò fún àǹfààní síi sí àwọn ohun-àlùmọ́ni wọn já sí pàbó ní Oṣù Kẹfà 1941.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japanese Policy and Strategy 1931 – July 1941 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Strategy/Strategy-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106021700/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Strategy/Strategy-2.html |archive-date=6 January 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategy and Command: The First Two Years |pages=45–66}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Keje 1941 Japan rán àwọn ọmọ-ogun sí gúúsù Indochina, tí ó ń wu àwọn ohun-ìní British àti Dutch léwu ní Ìlà-oòrùn Jìnnà. United States, United Kingdom, àti àwọn ìjọba Ìwọ̀-oòrùn mìíràn fèsì sí ìgbésẹ̀ yìí pẹ̀lú dídá àwọn dúkìá Japan dúró àti [[Economic sanctions|ìfòfindè]] epo pátápátá.{{sfn|Anderson|1975|p=201}}{{sfn|Evans|Peattie|2012|p=456}} Ní àkókò kannáà, Japan ń [[Kantokuen|gbèrò ìkọlù lórí Soviet Far East]], pẹ̀lú èrò láti lo àǹfààní ìkọlù Jẹ́mánì ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ṣùgbọ́n ó kọ iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àwọn ìfòfindè náà.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coox |first=Alvin |title=Nomonhan: Japan against Russia, 1939 |date=1985 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-1835-6 |location=Stanford, California |pages=1046–1049}}</ref> Láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ 1941, United States àti Japan ti ń ṣe ìjíròrò nínú ìgbìyànjú láti mú àjọṣepọ̀ wọn tí ó ti bàjẹ́ sunwọ̀n síi àti láti fòpin sí ogun ní Ṣáínà. Japan mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àbá wá èyí tí àwọn Amẹ́ríkà kọ̀ pé kò tó.<ref name="USAWWIIcp5">{{Cite web |title=The decision for War |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Strategy/Strategy-5.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525064812/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Strategy/Strategy-5.html |archive-date=25 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategy, and Command: The First Two Years |pages=113–127}}</ref> Ní àkókò kannáà United States, United Kingdom, àti Netherlands ṣe ìjíròrò ìkọ̀kọ̀ fún ààbò àpapọ̀ ti àwọn agbègbè wọn, bí Japan bá kọlu èyíkéyìí nínú wọn.<ref name="USAWWIIcp4">{{Cite web |title=The Showdown With Japan Aug–Dec 1941 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-4.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109144920/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-4.html |archive-date=9 November 2012 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare |pages=63–96}}</ref> Roosevelt fún [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippines]] lókun (ìpínlẹ̀ abẹ́ ààbò Amẹ́ríkà tí wọ́n ṣètò òmìnira fún ní 1946) ó sì kìlọ̀ fún Japan pé United States yóò fèsì sí àwọn ìkọlù Japan lòdì sí "àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò" èyíkéyìí.{{r|USAWWIIcp4}} [[File:The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor - NARA 195617 - Edit.jpg|thumb|right|{{USS|Arizona|BB-39|6}} ti bàjẹ́ pátápátá nínú [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|ìkọlù òjijì ojú-ofurufu Japan]] lórí [[United States Pacific Fleet|Ọmọ-ogun Ojú-omi Pàsífíìkì ti United States]] ní [[Pearl Harbor]], Ọjọ́ Àìkú keje Oṣù Kejìlá 1941]] Pẹ̀lú ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì nítorí àìsí ìtẹ̀síwájú àti ìmọ̀lára ìfúnpa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfòfindè Amẹ́ríkà–British–Dutch, Japan múra fún ogun. Ọba [[Hirohito]], lẹ́yìn ṣíṣiyèméjì ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ nípa àwọn àǹfààní Japan láti ṣẹ́gun,{{Sfn|Bix|2000|pages=399–414}} bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fọwọ́sí wíwọle Japan sínú ogun náà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kitano |first=Ryuichi |date=6 December 2021 |title=Diary: Hirohito prepared for U.S. war before Pearl Harbor attack |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14496398 |url-status=live |journal=The Asahi Shimbun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417192302/https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14496398 |archive-date=17 April 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde, Alákòóso Àgbà [[Fumimaro Konoe]] kọ̀wé fi ipò sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fujiwara |first=Akira |title=Shōwa tennō no jūgo-nen sensō |date=1991 |page=126, citing Kenji Tomita's diary}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bix|2000|pages=417–420}} Hirohito kọ̀ àbá láti yan [[Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni]] sí ipò rẹ̀, dípò bẹ́ẹ̀ ó yan Mínísítà Ogun [[Hideki Tojo]].{{Sfn|Bix|2000|page=418}} Ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kọkànlá, Nagano ṣe àlàyé lẹ́kùn-únrẹ́rẹ́ nípa ètò [[attack on Pearl Harbor|ìkọlù lórí Pearl Harbor]] fún Ọba náà.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wetzler |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BWqEkwH1KRMC&pg=PA29 |title=Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan |date=1998 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |isbn=978-0-8248-1925-5 |pages=29, 35 |access-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315182053/https://books.google.com/books?id=BWqEkwH1KRMC&pg=PA29 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kọkànlá, Hirohito fọwọ́sí ètò iṣẹ́ fún ogun náà níbi àpéjọ ọba.{{Sfn|Bix|2000|page=424}} Ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kọkànlá, ìjọba tuntun náà gbé àbá ìgbà-díẹ̀ kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfilọ̀ ìkẹyìn rẹ̀. Ó béèrè fún òpin sí ìrànlọ́wọ́ Amẹ́ríkà fún Ṣáínà àti fún gbígbé ìfòfindè kúrò lórí ipese epo àti àwọn ohun-àlùmọ́ni mìíràn fún Japan. Ní pàṣípààrọ̀, Japan ṣe ìlérí láti má ṣe ìkọlù kankan ní Gúúsù Ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà àti láti kó àwọn ọmọ-ogun rẹ̀ kúrò ní gúúsù Indochina.{{r|USAWWIIcp5}} Àbá-ìdáhùn Amẹ́ríkà ti ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá béèrè pé kí Japan kó kúrò ní gbogbo Ṣáínà láìsí àdéhùn àti kí ó fọwọ́sí àwọn àdéhùn àìbára-ẹni-jà pẹ̀lú gbogbo àwọn agbára Pàsífíìkì.<ref>[https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/pha/congress/app-d.html#363 The United States Replies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429222741/https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/pha/congress/app-d.html#363 |date=29 April 2013}}. Investigation of the Pearl Harbor attack.</ref> Ìyẹn túmọ̀ sí pé wọ́n fipá mú Japan láti yan láàárín fífihalẹ̀ àwọn góńgó rẹ̀ ní Ṣáínà, tàbí gbígba àwọn ohun-àlùmọ́ni tí ó nílò ní Dutch East Indies pẹ̀lú ipá;<ref>{{Harvnb|Painter|2012|p=26}}: "The United States cut off oil exports to Japan in the summer of 1941, forcing Japanese leaders to choose between going to war to seize the oil fields of the Netherlands East Indies or giving in to US pressure."</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Wood|2007|p=9}}, listing various military and diplomatic developments, observes that "the threat to Japan was not purely economic."</ref> àwọn ológun Japan kò ka ti àkọkọ́ sí aṣàyàn kan, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ológun sì ka ìfòfindè epo sí ìkéde ogun tí a kò sọ jáde.{{sfn|Lightbody|2004|p=125}} Japan gbèrò láti gba àwọn kọ́lọ́ní Yúróòpù ní Éṣíà láti dá ààlà ààbò ńlá kan sílẹ̀ tí ó nà dé Àárín Pàsífíìkì. Àwọn Japanese yóò wá ní òmìnira láti lo àwọn ohun-àlùmọ́ni Gúúsù Ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń re àwọn Allies tí wọ́n ti tàn ká jù pẹ̀lú jíja ogun ààbò.<ref>{{Harvnb|Weinberg|2005|p=310}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Dower|1986|p=5}}, calls attention to the fact that "the Allied struggle against Japan exposed the racist underpinnings of the European and American colonial structure. Japan did not invade independent countries in southern Asia. It invaded colonial outposts which the Westerners had dominated for generations, taking absolutely for granted their racial and cultural superiority over their Asian subjects." Dower goes on to note that, before the horrors of Japanese occupation made themselves felt, many Asians responded favourably to the victories of the Imperial Japanese forces.</ref> Láti dènà ìdásí Amẹ́ríkà nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń ṣààbò ààlà náà, wọ́n tún gbèrò láti sọ [[United States Pacific Fleet]] àti wíwà àwọn ológun Amẹ́ríkà ní Philippines di aláìlágbára láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|Wood|2007|pp=11–12}} Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejìlá 1941 (ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejìlá ní àwọn àkókò Éṣíà), Japan kọlu àwọn ohun-ìní British àti Amẹ́ríkà pẹ̀lú [[Japanese expansion (1941–42)|àwọn ìkọlù lẹ́ẹ̀kannáà lòdì sí Gúúsù Ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà àti Àárín Pàsífíìkì]].{{sfn|Wohlstetter|1962|pp=341–343}} Àwọn wọ̀nyí pẹ̀lú [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|ìkọlù lórí àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun Amẹ́ríkà ní Pearl Harbor]] àti [[Philippines campaign (1941–1942)|Philippines]], bákan náà àti àwọn ìkọlù sí [[Battle of Guam (1941)|Guam]], [[Battle of Wake Island|Wake Island]], [[Malayan campaign|Malaya]],{{sfn|Wohlstetter|1962|pp=341–343}} [[Japanese invasion of Thailand|Thailand]], àti [[Battle of Hong Kong|Hong Kong]].<ref>[[John Keegan|Keegan, John]] (1989) ''The Second World War''. New York: Viking. pp. 256–257. {{isbn|978-0-3995-0434-1}}</ref> Àwọn ìkọlù wọ̀nyí mú kí [[United States declaration of war on Japan|United States]], [[United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan|United Kingdom]], Ṣáínà, Australia, àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn kéde ogun ní gbangba lórí Japan, nígbà tí Soviet Union, tí ó ń kópa gidigidi nínú ogun ńlá pẹ̀lú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Axis Yúróòpù, pa àdéhùn àìdásí-tọ̀túntòsì rẹ̀ mọ́ pẹ̀lú Japan.<ref>{{Harvnb|Dunn|1998|p=157}}. According to {{Harvnb|May|1955|p=155}}, Churchill stated: "Russian declaration of war on Japan would be greatly to our advantage, provided, but only provided, that Russians are confident that will not impair their Western Front."</ref> Jẹ́mánì, tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Axis mìíràn tẹ̀lé, kéde ogun lórí United States<ref>[[s:Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States|Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States]] in Wikisource.</ref> ní ìṣọ̀kan pẹ̀lú Japan, ní lílo àwọn ìkọlù Amẹ́ríkà lórí àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun Jẹ́mánì tí Roosevelt ti pàṣẹ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwàwí.{{r|Events1941}}<ref>{{Citation |last1=Klooz |first1=Marle |title=Events leading up to World War II – Chronological History |date=1944 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events |access-date=9 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214113907/https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events |archive-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=live |series=78th Congress, 2d Session – House Document N. 541 |at=p. 310 ([https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1941.html 1941]) |others=Director: Humphrey, Richard A. |place=Washington, DC |publisher=US Government Printing Office |last2=Wiley |first2=Evelyn}}</ref> === Ìtẹ̀síwájú Axis dúró (1942–1943) === Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kínní 1942, [[Four Policemen|Allied Big Four]]{{sfn|Bosworth|Maiolo|2015|pp=313–314}}—Soviet Union, China, United Kingdom, àti United States—àti àwọn ìjọba kéékèèké tàbí tí wọ́n wà ní ìgbèkùn 22 gbé [[Declaration by United Nations]] jáde, nípa bẹ́ẹ̀ wọ́n fidi [[Atlantic Charter]]{{sfn|Mingst|Karns|2007|p=22}} múlẹ̀ wọ́n sì gbà láti má ṣe fọwọ́sí [[separate peace|àlàáfíà àdádó]] pẹ̀lú àwọn agbára Axis.{{sfn|Shirer|1990|p=904}} Ní 1942, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Allied jíròrò lórí [[grand strategy|ọgbọ́n ńlá]] tí ó yẹ láti lépa. Gbogbo wọn gbà pé [[Europe first|ṣíṣẹ́gun Jẹ́mánì]] ni góńgó àkọ́kọ́. Àwọn Amẹ́ríkà fẹ́ràn [[Operation Sledgehammer|ìkọlù tààrà, ńlá]] lórí Jẹ́mánì nípasẹ̀ France. Àwọn Soviets béèrè fún iwájú ogun kejì. Àwọn British jiyàn pé àwọn iṣẹ́ ológun yẹ kí ó darí sí àwọn agbègbè pẹrẹsẹ láti rẹ agbára Jẹ́mánì sílẹ̀, èyí tí yóò yọrí sí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì tí ń pọ̀ síi, àti fífún [[Resistance during World War II|àwọn ipá àtakò]] lókun; Jẹ́mánì fúnra rẹ̀ yóò wà lábẹ́ ìpolongo ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù ńlá. Ìkọlù lòdì sí Jẹ́mánì ni yóò wá wáyé ní pàtàkì láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun Allied, láìlo àwọn ọmọ-ogun ńlá.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Full Dress Debate over Strategic Deployment. Dec 1941 – Jan 1942 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-5.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109145033/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-5.html |archive-date=9 November 2012 |access-date=16 May 2013 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare |pages=97–119}}</ref> Níkẹyìn, àwọn British yí àwọn Amẹ́ríkà lọ́kàn padà pé gígúnlẹ̀ sí France kò ṣeé ṣe ní 1942 àti pé wọ́n yẹ kí wọ́n kuku pọkàn pọ̀ lórí lílé Axis kúrò ní Àríwá Áfíríkà.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Elimination of the Alternatives. Jul–Aug 1942 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-12.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430013447/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-12.html |archive-date=30 April 2013 |access-date=16 May 2013 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare |pages=266–292}}</ref> Ní [[Casablanca Conference]] ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ 1943, àwọn Allies tún àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí wọ́n gbé jáde nínú Ìkéde 1942 sọ wọ́n sì béèrè [[unconditional surrender|ìtẹríba láìsí àdéhùn]] ti àwọn ọ̀tá wọn. Àwọn British àti Amẹ́ríkà gbà láti tẹ̀síwájú láti tẹ ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní Mediterranean nípasẹ̀ kíkọlu Sicily láti fidi àwọn ọ̀nà ìpèsè Mediterranean múlẹ̀ pátápátá.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Casablanca – Beginning of an Era: January 1943 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic2/USA-WD-Strategic2-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525075310/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic2/USA-WD-Strategic2-1.html |archive-date=25 May 2013 |access-date=16 May 2013 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare |pages=18–42}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn British jiyàn fún àwọn iṣẹ́ síwájú síi ní Balkans láti mú Turkey wọ ogun náà, ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1943, àwọn Amẹ́ríkà gba ìjẹ́jẹ̀ẹ́ British láti dín àwọn iṣẹ́ Allied kù ní Mediterranean sí ìkọlù ilẹ̀ Italy, àti láti kọlu France ní 1944.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Trident Conference – New Patterns: May 1943 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic2/USA-WD-Strategic2-6.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525100621/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic2/USA-WD-Strategic2-6.html |archive-date=25 May 2013 |access-date=16 May 2013 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare |pages=126–145}}</ref> === Pàsífíìkì (1942–1943) === [[File:Second world war asia 1937-1942 map en6.png|thumb|upright=1.4|Mapu ti àwọn ìtẹ̀síwájú ológun Japan ní àárín 1942]] Nípa òpin Oṣù Kẹrin 1942, Japan àti alájùmọ̀ṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ [[Thailand in World War II|Thailand]] ti fẹ́rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun [[Japanese invasion of Burma|Burma]], [[Malayan campaign|Malaya]], [[Dutch East Indies campaign|Dutch East Indies]], [[Fall of Singapore|Singapore]], àti [[Battle of Rabaul (1942)|Rabaul]], tí ó fa òfò ńlá fún àwọn ọmọ-ogun Allied tí wọ́n sì mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹlẹ́wọ̀n.{{sfn|Beevor|2012|pp=247–267, 345}} Láìka [[Philippines campaign (1941–1942)|ìtakò líle láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ọmọ-ogun Filipino àti US]], [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippine Commonwealth]] padà bọ́ sí ọwọ́ wọn ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1942, tí ó fipá mú ìjọba rẹ̀ lọ sí ìgbèkùn.{{sfn|Lewis|1953|loc=p. 529 (Table 11)}} Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹrin, ní Burma, àwọn ọmọ-ogun British 7,000 ni ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun Japanese 33rd yíká tí ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun Chinese 38th sì gba wọn sílẹ̀.{{sfn|Slim|1956|pp=71–74}} Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìṣẹ́gun ojú-omi ní [[Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse|South China Sea]], [[Battle of the Java Sea|Java Sea]], àti [[Indian Ocean raid|Indian Ocean]],{{sfn|Grove|1995|p=362}} wọ́n sì [[Bombing of Darwin|kọlu ibùdó ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi Allied]] ní [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]], Australia. Ní Oṣù Kínní 1942, àṣeyọrí Allied nìkan lòdì sí Japan ni [[Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)|ìṣẹ́gun Ṣáínà ní Changsha]].{{sfn|Ch'i|1992|p=158}} Àwọn ìṣẹ́gun rírọrùn wọ̀nyí lórí àwọn alátakò US àti Yúróòpù tí wọn kò múra sílẹ̀ jẹ́ kí Japan ní ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé àṣejù, kí wọ́n sì tàn kálẹ̀ jù.{{sfn|Perez|1998|p=145}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Karùn-ún 1942, Japan bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́ láti [[Operation Mo|gba Port Moresby]] nípasẹ̀ [[amphibious warfare|ìkọlù ojú-omi àti ilẹ̀]] àti nípa bẹ́ẹ̀ gé àwọn ibaraẹnisọrọ àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìpèsè láàárín United States àti Australia. Wọ́n dènà ìkọlù tí a gbèrò náà nígbà tí ẹgbẹ́ iṣẹ́ Allied, tí ó dá lórí àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun Amẹ́ríkà méjì, bá àwọn ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi Japan jà tí kò sì sí olúborí ní [[Battle of the Coral Sea]].{{sfn|Maddox|1992|pp=111–112}} Ètò Japan tí ó tẹ̀lé e, tí ó ní ìmísí láti ọ̀dọ̀ [[Doolittle Raid]] ti tẹ́lẹ̀, ni láti gba [[Midway Atoll]] kí ó sì fa àwọn ọkọ̀-ogun Amẹ́ríkà sínú ogun láti parun; gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwúlo-sí-ibi-mìíràn, Japan tún máa rán àwọn ọmọ-ogun láti [[Aleutian Islands campaign|gba Aleutian Islands]] ní Alaska.{{sfn|Salecker|2001|p=186}} Ní àárín Oṣù Karùn-ún, Japan bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign]] ní Ṣáínà, pẹ̀lú góńgó láti gbẹ̀san lórí àwọn Ṣáínà tí wọ́n ran àwọn awakọ̀-òfuurufú Amẹ́ríkà tí ó ye nínú Doolittle Raid lọ́wọ́ nípa pípa àwọn ibùdó ọkọ̀-òfuurufú Ṣáínà run àti jíja ogun lòdì sí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun 23rd àti 32nd ti Ṣáínà.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoppa|2011|p=28}}.</ref><ref>[{{GBurl|id=lILltXBTo8oC|p=19}} Chevrier & Chomiczewski & Garrigue 2004], p. 19.</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹfà, Japan fi àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ sínú ìṣe, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn Amẹ́ríkà ti tú [[Japanese naval codes|àwọn àṣírí kòdì ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi Japan]] ní ìparí Oṣù Karùn-ún wọ́n sì mọ̀ nípa àwọn ètò àti ìtòsí ogun náà, wọ́n sì lo ìmọ̀ yìí láti ṣàṣeyọrí [[Battle of Midway|ìṣẹ́gun pàtàkì ní Midway]] lórí [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Ropp|2000|p=368}}.</ref> Pẹ̀lú agbára rẹ̀ fún ìgbésẹ̀ oníjàgídíjàgan tí ó dínkù gidigidi gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ogun Midway, Japan gbìyànjú láti gba [[Port Moresby]] nípasẹ̀ [[Kokoda Track campaign|ìpolongo orí-ilẹ̀]] ní [[Territory of Papua]].{{sfn|Weinberg|2005|p=339}} Àwọn Amẹ́ríkà gbèrò ìkọlù-padà lòdì sí àwọn ipò Japan ní gúúsù [[Solomon Islands]], ní pàtàkì [[Guadalcanal]], gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìgbésẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ sí sísẹ́gun [[Rabaul]], ibùdó pàtàkì Japan ní Gúúsù Ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilbert |first=Adrian |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwa0000gilb/page/259 |title=The Encyclopedia of Warfare: From Earliest Times to the Present Day |date=2003 |publisher=Globe Pequot |isbn=978-1-5922-8027-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwa0000gilb/page/259 259] |access-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719123035/https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwa0000gilb/page/259 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ètò méjèèjì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Oṣù Keje, ṣùgbọ́n ní àárín Oṣù Kẹ̀sán, [[Guadalcanal campaign|Ogun fún Guadalcanal]] gba àkọ́kọ́ fún àwọn Japanese, wọ́n sì pàṣẹ fún àwọn ọmọ-ogun ní New Guinea láti padà sẹ́yìn láti agbègbè Port Moresby sí [[Oro Province|apá àríwá erékùṣù náà]], níbi tí wọ́n ti dojúkọ àwọn ọmọ-ogun Australia àti United States ní [[Battle of Buna–Gona]].{{sfn|Swain|2001|p=197}} Guadalcanal di ibi tí wọ́n pọkàn pọ̀ sí fún àwọn méjèèjì pẹ̀lú ìfaramọ́ ńlá ti àwọn ọmọ-ogun àti ọkọ̀-ogun nínú ogun fún Guadalcanal. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ 1943, wọ́n ṣẹ́gun àwọn Japanese lórí erékùṣù náà wọ́n sì [[Operation Ke|kó àwọn ọmọ-ogun wọn kúrò]].{{sfn|Hane|2001|p=340}} Ní Burma, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Commonwealth ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ méjì. Èyí àkọ́kọ́ jẹ́ [[Arakan campaign (1942–1943)|ìkọlù sínú agbègbè Arakan]] tí ó jẹ́ àjálù ní ìparí 1942 èyí tí ó fipá mú ipadàsẹ́yìn sí India ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1943.{{sfn|Marston|2005|p=111}} Èyí kejì ni [[Operation Longcloth|fífi àwọn ọmọ-ogun àìdúró-déédé]] sínú ẹ̀yìn àwọn ilana Japan ní Oṣù Kejì èyí tí, nígbà tí ó fi di òpin Oṣù Kẹrin, ti ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn èsì tí ó dàpọ̀.{{sfn|Brayley|2002|p=9}} === Iwájú Ogun Ìlà-oòrùn (1942–1943) === [[File:RIAN archive 44732 Soviet soldiers attack house.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Àwọn ọmọ-ogun [[Red Army]] lórí ìkọlù-padà nígbà [[Battle of Stalingrad]], Oṣù Kejì 1943]] Láìka àwọn òfò ńlá sí, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ 1942 Jẹ́mánì àti àwọn alájùmọ̀ṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ dá ìkọlù ńlá Soviet dúró ní [[Central Russia|àárín]] àti [[southern Russia|gúúsù Russia]], wọ́n sì pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilẹ̀ tí wọ́n gba ní ọdún tí ó kọjá mọ́.{{sfn|Glantz|2001|p=31}} Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún, àwọn Jẹ́mánì ṣẹ́gun àwọn ìkọlù Soviet ní [[Battle of the Kerch Peninsula|Kerch Peninsula]] àti ní [[Second Battle of Kharkov|Kharkov]],{{sfn|Read|2004|p=764}} àti lẹ́yìn náà ní Oṣù Kẹfà 1942 wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Case Blue|ìkọlù ẹ̀rùn]] pàtàkì wọn lòdì sí gúúsù Russia, láti gba [[Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan|àwọn pápá epo ti Caucasus]] àti láti gba [[Kuban]] [[steppe]], nígbà tí wọ́n ń pa àwọn ipò mọ́ ní àríwá àti àárín àwọn agbègbè iwájú ogun náà. Àwọn Jẹ́mánì pín [[Army Group South]] sí ẹgbẹ́ méjì: [[Army Group A]] tẹ̀síwájú sí isalẹ [[Don (river)|Odò Don]] ó sì kọlu gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn sí Caucasus, nígbà tí [[Army Group B]] kọrí sí [[Volga|Odò Volga]]. Àwọn Soviets pinnu láti dúró gbọn-in ní Stalingrad lórí Volga.{{sfn|Davies|2006|loc=p. 100 (2008 ed.)}} Ní àárín Oṣù Kọkànlá, àwọn Jẹ́mánì ti [[Battle of Stalingrad|fẹ́rẹ̀ gba Stalingrad]] nínú [[urban warfare|ìjà òpópónà]] kíkorò. Àwọn Soviets bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọlù-padà ìgbà òtútù kejì wọn, bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Operation Uranus|yíyíká àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì ní Stalingrad]],{{sfn|Beevor|1998|pp=239–265}} àti ìkọlù lórí [[Operation Mars|Rzhev salient nítòsí Moscow]], bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èyí kejì kùnà lọ́nà àjálù.{{sfn|Black|2003|p=119}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kejì 1943, ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì ti jìyà òfò ńlá; àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì ní Stalingrad ti ṣẹ́gun,{{sfn|Beevor|1998|pp=383–391}} àti pé wọ́n ti ti iwájú ogun padà sẹ́yìn kọjá ipò rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìkọlù ẹ̀rùn. Ní àárín Oṣù Kejì, lẹ́yìn tí ìtì Soviet ti dínkù, àwọn Jẹ́mánì ṣe [[Third Battle of Kharkov|ìkọlù mìíràn lórí Kharkov]], tí ó dá [[Salient (military)|salient]] sílẹ̀ ní iwájú ogun wọn yíká ìlú Soviet ti [[Kursk]].{{sfn|Erickson|2001|p=142}} === Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Yúróòpù/Atlantic àti Mẹditarenia (1942–1943) === [[File:410th Bombardment Squadron - B-17 Flying Fortress.jpg|right|thumb|Ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù American [[Eighth Air Force]] [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress]] lórí ilé-iṣẹ́ Focke-Wulf ní Jẹ́mánì, ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹwàá 1943]] Ní lílo àwọn ìpinnu àṣẹ ojú-omi Amẹ́ríkà tí kò dára, [[Second Happy Time|ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi Jẹ́mánì ba àwọn ọkọ̀-òwò Allied jẹ́ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ etíkun Atlantic ti Amẹ́ríkà]].{{sfn|Milner|1990|p=52}} Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 1941, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Commonwealth ti ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìkọlù-padà ní Àríwá Áfíríkà, [[Operation Crusader]], wọ́n sì gba gbogbo àwọn àǹfààní tí àwọn Jẹ́mánì àti Italy ti ṣe padà.{{sfn|Beevor|2012|pp=224–228}} Àwọn Jẹ́mánì tún ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìkọlù Àríwá Áfíríkà ní Oṣù Kínní, tí ó ti àwọn British sẹ́yìn sí àwọn ipò ní [[Battle of Gazala#Gazala line|ààlà Gazala]] nípa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kejì,{{sfn|Molinari|2007|p=91}} tí ó tẹ̀lé e pẹ̀lú ìdákẹ́jẹ́ díẹ̀ nínú ìjà èyí tí Jẹ́mánì lò láti múra sílẹ̀ fún àwọn ìkọlù wọn tí ń bọ̀.{{sfn|Mitcham|2007|p=31}} Àwọn ìbẹ̀rù pé àwọn Japanese lè lo àwọn ibùdó ní [[French Madagascar|Madagascar tí Vichy dìmú]] mú kí àwọn British [[Battle of Madagascar|kọlu erékùṣù náà]] ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Karùn-ún 1942.{{sfn|Beevor|2012|pp=380–381}} Axis [[Battle of Gazala|ìkọlù ní Libya]] fipá mú Allied láti padà sẹ́yìn jinlẹ̀ sínú Egypt títí tí wọ́n fi [[First Battle of El Alamein|dá àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis dúró ní El Alamein]].{{sfn|Rich|1992|p=178}} Ní orí-ilẹ̀ náà, àwọn ìkọlù ti Allied [[commando|àwọn ọmọ-ogun àkànṣe]] lórí àwọn góńgó ọgbọ́n, tí ó parí sí [[Dieppe Raid]] tí ó kùnà,{{sfn|Gordon|2004|p=129}} fi hàn pé Western Allies kò lágbára láti ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìkọlù ti ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù láìsí ìmúrasílẹ̀, ohun-èèlò, àti ààbò iṣẹ́ tí ó dára jù.{{sfn|Neillands|2005|p=60}} Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ 1942, àwọn Allies ṣàṣeyọrí láti lé [[Battle of Alam el Halfa|ìkọlù kejì lòdì sí El Alamein]] padà{{sfn|Keegan|1997|p=277}} àti pé, ní iye owó gọbọi, wọ́n ṣàṣeyọrí láti [[Operation Pedestal|fi àwọn ohun ìpèsè tí a nílò gidigidi ránṣẹ́ sí Malta tí a yíká]].{{sfn|Smith|2002}} Oṣù díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn Allies [[Second Battle of El Alamein|bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọlù tiwọn]] ní Egypt, tí ó lé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis kúrò tí ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìwakọ̀ sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn kọjá Libya.{{sfn|Thomas|Andrew|1998|p=8}} Ìkọlù yìí jẹ́ èyí tí [[Operation Torch|Anglo-American landings ní French North Africa]] tẹ̀lé láìpẹ́, èyí tí ó yọrí sí agbègbè náà dídarapọ̀ mọ́ àwọn Allies.{{sfn|Ross|1997|p=38}} Hitler fèsì sí ìyapa kọ́lọ́ní France nípa pàṣẹ [[Case Anton|ìgbàjọba Vichy France]];{{sfn|Ross|1997|p=38}} bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Vichy kò tako rúrú òfin ìdáwọ́-iná-dúró yìí, wọ́n ṣàṣeyọrí láti [[Scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon|ri ọ̀wọ́-ogun wọn rì]] láti dènà gbígba rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì.{{sfn|Ross|1997|p=38}}{{sfn|Bonner|Bonner|2001|p=24}} Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis ní Áfíríkà padà sẹ́yìn sí [[Tunisia]], èyí tí [[Tunisian campaign|àwọn Allies ṣẹ́gun]] ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1943.{{sfn|Ross|1997|p=38}}{{sfn|Collier|2003|p=11}} Ní Oṣù Kẹfà 1943, àwọn British àti Amẹ́ríkà bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Combined Bomber Offensive|ìpolongo ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù ọgbọ́n]] lòdì sí Jẹ́mánì pẹ̀lú góńgó láti da ọrọ̀-ajé ogun rú, dín ìgboyà kù, àti "[[Dehousing|gbà ilé]]" lọ́wọ́ àwọn ará-ìlú.<ref>[https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/ETO-Summary.html#tc "The Civilians"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105044932/https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/ETO-Summary.html#tc |date=5 November 2013}} the United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report (European War)</ref> [[Bombing of Hamburg in World War II|Ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù iná ti Hamburg]] wà lára àwọn ìkọlù àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìpolongo yìí, tí ó fa òfò ńlá àti ìbàjẹ́ púpọ̀ sí àwọn ohun-èèlò ti ibùdó ilé-iṣẹ́ pàtàkì yìí.{{sfn|Overy|1995|pp=119–120}} === Àwọn Allies ni agbára síi (1943–1944) === [[File:SBD VB-16 over USS Washington 1943.jpg|thumb|[[United States Navy|US Navy]] [[Douglas SBD Dauntless|SBD-5]] [[scout plane|ọkọ̀-òfuurufú olùṣọ́]] ń fò lórí {{USS|Washington|BB-56|6}} àti {{USS|Lexington|CV-16|6}} nígbà [[Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign]], 1943]] Lẹ́yìn ogun Guadalcanal, àwọn Allies bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ iṣẹ́ lòdì sí Japan ní Pàsífíìkì. Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1943, wọ́n rán àwọn ọmọ-ogun Canada àti US láti [[Aleutian Islands campaign#Allied response|mú àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan kúrò ní Aleutians]].{{sfn|Thompson|Randall|2008|p=164}} Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, United States, pẹ̀lú àtìlẹyìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ Australia, New Zealand àti àwọn ọmọ-ogun Pacific Islander, bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá ti ilẹ̀, òkun àti ojú-ofurufu láti [[Operation Cartwheel|ya Rabaul sọtọ̀ nípa gbígba àwọn erékùṣù tí ó yí i ká]], àti [[Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign|láti fọ́ ààlà Pàsífíìkì Àárín Japan ní Gilbert àti Marshall Islands]].{{sfn|Kennedy|2001|p=610}} Nípa òpin Oṣù Kẹta 1944, àwọn Allies ti parí méjèèjì àwọn góńgó wọ̀nyí wọ́n sì tún ti [[Operation Hailstone|sọ ibùdó pàtàkì Japan ní Truk di aláìlágbára]] ní [[Caroline Islands]]. Ní Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn Allies ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ iṣẹ́ kan láti [[Western New Guinea campaign|gba Western New Guinea padà]].{{sfn|Rottman|2002|p=228}} Ní Soviet Union, méjèèjì àwọn Jẹ́mánì àti àwọn Soviets lo ìgbà ìrúwé àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ẹ̀rùn 1943 láti múra sílẹ̀ fún àwọn ìkọlù ńlá ní [[central Russia|àárín Russia]]. Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Keje 1943, Jẹ́mánì [[Battle of Kursk|kọlu àwọn ọmọ-ogun Soviet ní agbègbè Kursk Bulge]]. Láàárín ọ̀sẹ̀ kan, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì ti rẹ̀wẹ̀sì lòdì sí àwọn ààbò Soviet tí wọ́n kọ́ dáradára,<ref>{{Harvnb|Glantz|1986}}; {{Harvnb|Glantz|1989|pp=149–159}}.</ref> àti fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nínú ogun náà, Hitler fagilé iṣẹ́ kan kí ó tó ṣàṣeyọrí ọgbọ́n tàbí iṣẹ́-ṣíṣe.{{sfn|Kershaw|2001|p=592}} Ìpinnu yìí jẹ́ èyí tí Western Allies [[Allied invasion of Sicily|ìkọlù Sicily]] tí wọ́n ṣe ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Keje ní ipa lórí rẹ̀ ní apá kan, èyí tí, nígbà tí a bá pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ìkùnà Italy tẹ́lẹ̀, yọrí sí [[Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy|yíyọ àti rírí Mussolini]] lẹ́yìn náà ní oṣù yẹn.{{sfn|O'Reilly|2001|p=32}} Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Keje 1943, àwọn Soviets ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Operation Kutuzov|àwọn ìkọlù-padà]] tiwọn, nípa bẹ́ẹ̀ wọ́n fẹ́rẹ̀ pa gbogbo àǹfààní ìṣẹ́gun Jẹ́mánì tàbí dúró-sójú-kan ní ìlà-oòrùn rẹ́. Ìṣẹ́gun Soviet ní Kursk sàmì sí òpin ìjẹ́gàba Jẹ́mánì,{{sfn|Bellamy|2007|p=595}} tí ó fún Soviet Union ní ìdásílẹ̀ ní Iwájú Ogun Ìlà-oòrùn.{{sfn|O'Reilly|2001|p=35}}{{sfn|Healy|1992|p=90}} Àwọn Jẹ́mánì gbìyànjú láti fẹsẹ̀ iwájú ogun ìlà-oòrùn wọn múlẹ̀ ní ọ̀nà [[Panther–Wotan line]] tí wọ́n kọ́ ní kánkán, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn Soviets já a ní [[Smolensk operation|Smolensk]] àti [[Battle of the Dnieper|Lower Dnieper Offensive]].{{sfn|Glantz|2001|pp=50–55}} Ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1943, Western Allies [[Allied invasion of Italy|kọlu orí-ilẹ̀ Italy]], lẹ́yìn [[Armistice of Cassibile|àdéhùn ìdáwọ́-iná-dúró Italy pẹ̀lú àwọn Allies]] àti ìgbàjọba Jẹ́mánì lórí Italy tí ó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kolko|1990|p=45}}</ref> Jẹ́mánì, pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn fascists, fèsì sí àdéhùn ìdáwọ́-iná-dúró náà nípa [[Operation Achse|gbígba ohun-ìjà lọ́wọ́ àwọn ọmọ-ogun Italy]] tí wọ́n wà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ibi láìsí àṣẹ gíga, gbígba ìṣàkóso ológun ti àwọn agbègbè Italy,{{sfn|Mazower|2008|p=362}} àti dídá ọ̀wọ́ àwọn ìlà ààbò sílẹ̀.{{sfn|Hart|Hart|Hughes|2000|p=151}} Àwọn ọmọ-ogun àkànṣe Jẹ́mánì wá [[Gran Sasso raid|gba Mussolini sílẹ̀]], ẹni tí ó tètè dá ìpínlẹ̀ abẹ́ tuntun sílẹ̀ ní Italy tí Jẹ́mánì gbà tí a pè ní [[Italian Social Republic]],{{sfn|Blinkhorn|2006|p=52}} tí ó fa [[Italian Civil War|ogun abẹ́lé Italy]]. Western Allies jà gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìlà kọjá títí wọ́n fi dé [[Winter Line|ìlà ààbò Jẹ́mánì pàtàkì]] ní àárín Oṣù Kọkànlá.{{sfn|Read|Fisher|2002|p=129}} [[File:Soviet troops and T-34 tanks counterattacking Kursk Voronezh Front July 1943.jpg|thumb|Àwọn ọmọ-ogun [[Red Army]] nínú ìkọlù-padà lórí àwọn ipò Jẹ́mánì ní [[Battle of Kursk]], Oṣù Keje 1943]] Àwọn iṣẹ́ Jẹ́mánì ní Atlantic náà jìyà. Nípa [[Black May (1943)|Oṣù Karùn-ún 1943, bí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀-padà Allied ṣe di èyí tí ó múṣẹ síi]], àwọn òfò ọkọ̀-necker Jẹ́mánì tí ó pọ̀ fipá mú dídáwọ́dúró fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ti ìpolongo ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi Jẹ́mánì ní Atlantic.<ref>{{Harvnb|Padfield|1998|pp=335–336}}.</ref> Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 1943, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] àti Winston Churchill pàdé pẹ̀lú [[Chiang Kai-shek]] [[Cairo Conference|ní Cairo]] àti lẹ́yìn náà pẹ̀lú Joseph Stalin [[Tehran Conference|ní Tehran]].<ref name="Kolko 1990 211,235,267_268">{{Harvnb|Kolko|1990|pp=211, 235, 267–268}}.</ref> Àpéjọ àkọ́kọ́ pinnu ìdápadà lẹ́yìn ogun ti agbègbè Japan<ref name="Iriye 1981 154">{{Harvnb|Iriye|1981|p=154}}.</ref> àti ètò ológun fún [[Burma campaign|ìpolongo Burma]],{{sfn|Mitter|2014|p=286}} nígbà tí èyí kejì pẹ̀lú àdéhùn pé Western Allies yóò kọlu Yúróòpù ní 1944 àti pé Soviet Union yóò kéde ogun lórí Japan láàárín oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ́gun Jẹ́mánì.<ref name="polley148">{{Harvnb|Polley|2000|p=148}}.</ref> Láti Oṣù Kọkànlá 1943, nígbà ọ̀sẹ̀ méje [[Battle of Changde]], àwọn Ṣáínà dúró de ìrànlọ́wọ́ Allied bí wọ́n ṣe fipá mú Japan láti ja ogun tí ó náni lówó. <ref name="Beevor 2012 268_274">{{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|pp=268–274}}.</ref><ref name="H161">{{Harvnb|Ch'i|1992|p=161}}.</ref><ref name="Hsu Chang 412-416">{{Harvnb|Hsu|Chang|1971|pp=412–416, Map 38}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kínní 1944, àwọn Allies ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Battle of Monte Cassino|ọ̀wọ́ àwọn ìkọlù ní Italy lòdì sí ìlà ní Monte Cassino]] wọ́n sì gbìyànjú láti yí i ká pẹ̀lú [[Battle of Anzio|gígúnlẹ̀ ní Anzio]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Weinberg|2005|pp=660–661}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní 1944, àwọn ọmọ-ogun [[Leningrad Front|Soviet]] ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Siege of Leningrad#Soviet relief of the siege|ìkọlù ńlá]] tí ó lé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì kúrò ní [[Leningrad Oblast|agbègbè Leningrad]], nípa bẹ́ẹ̀ fòpin sí [[List of battles by casualties#Sieges and urban combat|ìdènà tí ó kú jùlọ nínú ìtàn]].<ref name="Glantz 2002 327_366">{{Harvnb|Glantz|2002|pp=327–366}}.</ref> [[Leningrad–Novgorod offensive|Ìkọlù Soviet tí ó tẹ̀lé e]] ni [[Battle of Narva (1944)|wọ́n dá dúró ní ààlà Estonia ṣáájú ogun]] láti ọwọ́ Jẹ́mánì [[Army Group North]] pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ [[German occupation of Estonia during World War II#Estonians in Nazi German military units|àwọn Estonia]] tí wọ́n nírètí láti [[Estonian government-in-exile#Failure to reestablish independence|tún òmìnira orílẹ̀-èdè dá sílẹ̀]]. Ìdádúró yìí fa àwọn iṣẹ́ Soviet tí ó tẹ̀lé e lẹ́sẹ̀ ní agbègbè [[Baltic Sea]].<ref name="Glantz 2002 367_414">{{Harvnb|Glantz|2002|pp=367–414}}.</ref> Nípa ìparí Oṣù Karùn-ún 1944, àwọn Soviets ti [[Crimean offensive|gba Crimea sílẹ̀]], [[Dnieper–Carpathian offensive|ti lé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis kúrò ní Ukraine]], wọ́n sì ṣe [[First Jassy–Kishinev offensive|ìkọlù sínú Romania]], èyí tí àwọn ọmọ-ogun Axis lé padà.<ref name="Chubarov 2001 122">{{Harvnb|Chubarov|2001|p=122}}.</ref> Àwọn ìkọlù Allied ní Italy ti ṣàṣeyọrí, àti pé, ní iye owó yíyọ̀ǹda fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Jẹ́mánì láti padà sẹ́yìn, wọ́n gba Rome ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kẹfà.<ref>{{Harvnb|Holland|2008|pp=169–184}}; {{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|pp=568–573}}.<br/>The weeks after the fall of Rome saw a dramatic upswing in German atrocities in Italy ({{Harvnb|Mazower|2008|pp=500–502}}). The period featured massacres with victims in the hundreds at [[Civitella in Val di Chiana|Civitella]] ({{Harvnb|de Grazia|Paggi|1991}}; {{Harvnb|Belco|2010}}), [[Ardeatine massacre|Fosse Ardeatine]] ({{Harvnb|Portelli|2003}}), and [[Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre|Sant'Anna di Stazzema]] ({{Harvnb|Gordon|2012|pp=10–11}}), and is capped with the [[Marzabotto massacre]].</ref> Àwọn Allies ní àṣeyọrí tí ó dàpọ̀ ní ilẹ̀ Éṣíà. Ní Oṣù Kẹta 1944, àwọn Japanese ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìkọlù méjì, [[Operation U-Go|iṣẹ́ kan lòdì sí àwọn ipò Allied ní Assam, India]],<ref name="Lightbody 2004 224">{{Harvnb|Lightbody|2004|p=224}}.</ref> wọ́n sì yára yí àwọn ipò Commonwealth ká ní [[Battle of Imphal|Imphal]] àti [[Battle of Kohima|Kohima]].<ref name="Zeiler">{{Harvnb|Zeiler|2004|p=60}}.</ref> Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1944, àwọn ọmọ-ogun British àti Indian bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọlù-padà kan tí ó lé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan padà sí Burma ní Oṣù Keje,<ref name="Zeiler"/> àti àwọn ọmọ-ogun Ṣáínà tí wọ́n ti [[Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan|kọlu àríwá Burma]] ní ìparí 1943 [[Siege of Myitkyina|yí àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan ká]] ní [[Myitkyina]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|pp=555–560}}.</ref> [[Operation Ichi-Go|Ìkọlù Japan kejì]] ti Ṣáínà ní èrò láti pa àwọn ọmọ-ogun Ṣáínà pàtàkì run, fidi àwọn ojú-irin múlẹ̀ láàárín agbègbè tí Japan dìmú àti láti gba àwọn ibùdó ọkọ̀-òfuurufú Allied.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ch'i|1992|p=163}}.</ref> Nípa Oṣù Kẹfà, àwọn Japanese ti ṣẹ́gun agbègbè [[Henan]] wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Battle of Changsha (1944)|ìkọlù tuntun lórí Changsha]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Coble|2003|p=85}}.</ref> === Àwọn Allies súnmọ́ tòsí (1944) === [[File:Approaching Omaha.jpg|thumb|Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Amẹ́ríkà ń súnmọ́ [[Omaha Beach]] nígbà [[Operation Overlord|ìkọlù Normandy]] ní [[Normandy landings|D-Day]], ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹfà 1944]] Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹfà 1944 (tí a mọ̀ sí [[Normandy landings|D-Day]]), lẹ́yìn ọdún mẹ́ta ti ìfúnpa Soviet,<ref name="rees406">{{Harvnb|Rees|2008|pp=406–407}}: "Stalin always believed that Britain and America were delaying the second front so that the Soviet Union would bear the brunt of the war."</ref> Western Allies [[Operation Overlord|kọlu àríwá France]]. Lẹ́yìn títún àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Allied bíi mélòókan pín láti Italy, wọ́n tún [[Operation Dragoon|kọlu gúúsù France]].<ref name="Weinberg 2005 695">{{Harvnb|Weinberg|2005|p=695}}.</ref> Àwọn gígúnlẹ̀ wọ̀nyí yọrí sí rere wọ́n sì yọrí sí ìṣẹ́gun [[Falaise pocket|àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì ní France]]. [[Paris]] jẹ́ [[Liberation of Paris|tí a gba sílẹ̀]] ní ọjọ́ kẹẹdọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ láti ọwọ́ [[French Resistance|àwọn alátakò agbègbè]] pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ [[Free French Forces]], àwọn méjèèjì lábẹ́ ìdarí Gbogbogbòò [[Charles de Gaulle]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Badsey|1990|p=91}}.</ref> àti Western Allies tẹ̀síwájú láti [[Siegfried Line campaign|ti àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì sẹ́yìn]] ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Yúróòpù nígbà apá ìkẹyìn ọdún náà. Ìgbìyànjú láti tẹ̀síwájú sínú àríwá Jẹ́mánì tí [[Operation Market Garden|iṣẹ́-ogun ojú-ofurufu ńlá]] ṣe aṣáájú ní Netherlands kùnà.<ref>{{Harvnb|Dear|Foot|2001|p=562}}.</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, Western Allies rọra tẹ̀ sínú Jẹ́mánì, ṣùgbọ́n [[Operation Queen|kùnà láti re odò Roer]]. Ní Italy, ìtẹ̀síwájú Allied lọ́ra nítorí [[Gothic Line|ìlà ààbò Jẹ́mánì pàtàkì tí ó kẹ́yìn]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Forrest|Evans|Gibbons|2012|p=191}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà, àwọn Soviets ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Operation Bagration|ìkọlù ńlá ní Belarus]] tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ pa Jẹ́mánì [[Army Group Centre]] run.<ref name="Zaloga 1996 7">{{Harvnb|Zaloga|1996|p=7}}: "It was the most calamitous defeat of all the German armed forces in World War II."</ref> Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, [[Lvov–Sandomierz offensive|ìkọlù ńlá Soviet mìíràn]] lé àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì kúrò ní Western Ukraine àti Eastern Poland. Soviet Red Army síbẹ̀síbẹ̀ dúró ní agbègbè [[Praga]] ní òdìkejì [[Vistula]] wọ́n sì wò ó bí Jẹ́mánì ṣe ń pa [[Warsaw Uprising]] tí [[Home Army]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ́ (ẹgbẹ́ pàtàkì ti [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|ìtakò Poland]], tí ó jẹ́ olóòótọ́ sí ìjọba tí kìí ṣe kọ́múnísítì tí ó wà ní ìgbèkùn).<ref>{{Harvnb|Berend|1996|p=8}}.</ref> [[Slovak National Uprising|Ìdìde orílẹ̀-èdè]] ní [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovakia]] náà ni àwọn Jẹ́mánì pa rẹ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovak National Uprising 1944 |url=https://www.mzv.sk/documents/10182/2369491/BROZURA_70_VYROCIE_SNP_indd.pdf/007d0f33-4aa1-4e3a-95ae-5ef5096360d3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024459/https://www.mzv.sk/documents/10182/2369491/BROZURA_70_VYROCIE_SNP_indd.pdf/007d0f33-4aa1-4e3a-95ae-5ef5096360d3 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |access-date=27 April 2020 |website=Museum of the Slovak National Uprising |publisher=Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic}}</ref> [[Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive|Ìkọlù ńlá]] Soviet [[Red Army]] ní ìlà-oòrùn Romania gé ó sì pa [[Army Group South Ukraine|àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì ńlá níbẹ̀]] run ó sì fa [[1944 Romanian coup d'état|ìfipágbajọba tí ó yọrí sí rere ní Romania]] àti [[1944 Bulgarian coup d'état|ní Bulgaria]], èyí tí ó tẹ̀lé yíyípadà àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí sí ẹ̀gbẹ́ Allied.<ref name="countrystudies.us">{{Cite web |title=Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation |url=https://countrystudies.us/romania/23.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430001849/https://countrystudies.us/romania/23.htm |archive-date=30 April 2011 |access-date=14 November 2009 |publisher=US Library of Congress |quote=The coup speeded the Red Army's advance, and the Soviet Union later awarded Michael the Order of Victory for his courage in overthrowing Antonescu and putting an end to Romania's war against the Allies. Western historians uniformly point out that the Communists played only a supporting role in the coup; postwar Romanian historians, however, ascribe to the Communists the decisive role in Antonescu's overthrow}}</ref> [[File:Douglas MacArthur lands Leyte1.jpg|thumb|left|[[General (United States)|Gbogbogbòò]] [[Douglas MacArthur]] padà sí [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippines]] nígbà [[Battle of Leyte]], ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹwàá 1944]] Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1944, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Soviet tẹ̀síwájú sínú [[Democratic Federal Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] wọ́n sì fipá mú yíyọ̀kúrò kánkán ti German Army Groups [[Army Group E|E]] àti [[Army Group F|F]] ní [[Axis occupation of Greece|Greece]], [[German occupation of Albania|Albania]], àti Yugoslavia láti gba wọ́n sílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ gígé kúrò.<ref name="Evans 2008 653">{{Harvnb|Evans|2008|p=653}}.</ref> Nípa àkókò yìí, [[Yugoslav Partisans|àwọn Partisans]] tí kọ́múnísítì ń darí lábẹ́ Marshal [[Josip Broz Tito]], ẹni tí ó ti ṣe olórí [[World War II in Yugoslavia|ìpolongo guerrilla tí ó ń yọrí sí rere síi]] lòdì sí ìgbàjọba láti 1941, darí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilẹ̀ Yugoslavia wọ́n sì kópa nínú àwọn ìgbìyànjú ìdádúró lòdì sí àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì ní gúúsù. Ní àríwá [[Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia|Serbia]], Soviet [[Red Army]], pẹ̀lú àtìlẹyìn díẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ọmọ-ogun Bulgaria, ran àwọn Partisans lọ́wọ́ nínú àjùmọ̀ṣe [[Belgrade offensive|ìdásílẹ̀ olú-ìlú Belgrade]] ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹwàá. Ní ọjọ́ díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn Soviets ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Budapest offensive|ìkọlù ńlá]] lòdì sí Hungary tí [[Operation Panzerfaust|Jẹ́mánì gbà]] èyí tí ó wà títí di [[Siege of Budapest|ìṣubú Budapest]] ní Oṣù Kejì 1945.<ref>{{Harvnb|Wiest|Barbier|2002|pp=65–66}}.</ref> Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìṣẹ́gun Soviet ńlá ní Balkans, [[Continuation War|ìtakò Finland kíkorò]] sí [[Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive|ìkọlù Soviet]] ní [[Karelian Isthmus]] dènà Soviets láti gba Finland wọ́n sì yọrí sí [[Moscow Armistice|àdéhùn ìdáwọ́-iná-dúró Soviet-Finnish]] lórí àwọn àdéhùn tí kò le púpọ̀,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wiktor |first=Christian L |title=Multilateral Treaty Calendar – 1648–1995 |date=1998 |publisher=Kluwer Law International |isbn=978-9-0411-0584-4 |page=426}}</ref> bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n fipá mú Finland láti [[Lapland War|bá àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ wọn Jẹ́mánì tẹ́lẹ̀ jà]].{{sfn|Shirer|1990|p=1085}} Nípa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Keje 1944, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Commonwealth ní Gúúsù Ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà ti lé àwọn ìdènà Japan padà ní [[Assam]], wọ́n ti àwọn Japanese sẹ́yìn sí [[Chindwin River]]<ref name="Marston 2005 120">{{Harvnb|Marston|2005|p=120}}.</ref> nígbà tí àwọn Ṣáínà gba Myitkyina. Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1944, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Ṣáínà [[Battle of Mount Song|gba Mount Song]] wọ́n sì ṣí [[Burma Road]] padà.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=zh:全面抗战，战犯前仆后继见阎王 |trans-title=The war criminals tries to be the first to see their ancestors|url=https://www.china1931.cn/China/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID%3D7648 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224203/https://www.china1931.cn/China/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=7648 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=16 March 2013 |language=zh}}</ref> Ní Ṣáínà, àwọn Japanese ní àṣeyọrí púpọ̀ síi, wọ́n ti [[Battle of Changsha (1944)|gba Changsha]] ní àárín Oṣù Kẹfà àti ìlú [[Battle of Hengyang|Hengyang]] ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹjọ.<ref>{{Harvnb|Jowett|Andrew|2002|p=8}}.</ref> Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n kọlu agbègbè [[Guangxi]], wọ́n ṣẹ́gun àwọn ìjà ńlá lòdì sí àwọn ọmọ-ogun Ṣáínà ní [[Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou|Guilin àti Liuzhou]] nígbà tí ó fi di òpin Oṣù Kọkànlá<ref>{{Harvnb|Howard|2004|p=140}}.</ref> wọ́n sì ṣàṣeyọrí láti so àwọn ọmọ-ogun wọn pọ̀ ní Ṣáínà àti Indochina ní àárín Oṣù Kejìlá.<ref name="Drea 2003 54">{{Harvnb|Drea|2003|p=54}}.</ref> Ní Pàsífíìkì, àwọn ọmọ-ogun US tẹ̀síwájú láti ti ààlà Japan sẹ́yìn. Ní àárín Oṣù Kẹfà 1944, wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Mariana and Palau Islands campaign|ìkọlù wọn lòdì sí àwọn erékùṣù Mariana àti Palau]] wọ́n sì ṣẹ́gun àwọn ọmọ-ogun Japan pátápátá ní [[Battle of the Philippine Sea]]. Àwọn ìjatil wọ̀nyí yọrí sí ìkọ̀wé fi ipò sílẹ̀ ti Alákòóso Àgbà Japan, [[Hideki Tojo]], ó sì pèsè àwọn ibùdó ọkọ̀-òfuurufú fún United States láti ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ àwọn ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù ńlá lórí àwọn erékùṣù ilé Japan. Ní ìparí Oṣù Kẹwàá, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Amẹ́ríkà [[Battle of Leyte|kọlu erékùṣù Filipino ti Leyte]]; láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi Allied gba ìṣẹ́gun ńlá mìíràn ní [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]], ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ogun ojú-omi tí ó tóbi jùlọ nínú ìtàn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Cook|Bewes|1997|p=305}}.</ref> === Ìwólulẹ̀ Axis àti ìṣẹ́gun Allied (1944–1945) === [[File:Yalta Conference (Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin) (B&W).jpg|thumb|[[Yalta Conference]] tí ó wáyé ní Oṣù Kejì 1945, pẹ̀lú [[Winston Churchill]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], àti [[Joseph Stalin]]]] Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejìlá 1944, Jẹ́mánì ṣe ìgbìyànjú ìkẹyìn láti pín àwọn Allies ní Iwájú Ogun Ìwọ̀-oòrùn nípa lílo púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ogun tí ó ṣẹ́kù láti ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Battle of the Bulge|ìkọlù-padà ńlá ní Ardennes]] àti [[Operation Northwind (1944)|ní ààlà French-German]], pẹ̀lú ìrètí láti yí àwọn apá ńlá ti àwọn ọmọ-ogun Western Allied ká àti láti fipá mú ìpinnu òṣèlú kan lẹ́yìn gbígba èbúté ìpèsè pàtàkì wọn ní [[Antwerp]]. Nípa ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kínní 1945, wọ́n ti lé ìkọlù yìí padà láìsí àwọn góńgó pàtàkì kankan tí a múṣẹ.<ref name="parkerxiii">{{Harvnb|Parker|2004|pp=xiii–xiv, 6–8, 68–70, 329–330}}</ref> Ní Italy, àwọn Western Allies dúró sójú kan ní ìlà ààbò Jẹ́mánì. Ní àárín Oṣù Kínní 1945, Red Army kọlu ní Poland, [[Vistula–Oder offensive|wọ́n ń tì láti Vistula sí Oder]] odò ní Jẹ́mánì, àti [[East Prussian offensive|borí East Prussia]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Glantz|2001|p=85}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kejì àwọn olórí Soviet, British, àti US pàdé fún [[Yalta Conference]]. Wọ́n fohùnsọ̀kan lórí ìgbàjọba Jẹ́mánì lẹ́yìn ogun, àti lórí ìgbà tí Soviet Union yóò darapọ̀ mọ́ ogun lòdì sí Japan.<ref>{{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|pp=709–722}}.</ref> Ní Oṣù Kejì, àwọn Soviets [[Silesian offensives|wọ Silesia]] àti [[East Pomeranian offensive|Pomerania]], nígbà tí [[Western Allied invasion of Germany|Western Allies wọ ìwọ̀-oòrùn Jẹ́mánì]] wọ́n sì súnmọ́ odò [[Rhine]]. Nípa Oṣù Kẹta, Western Allies re odò Rhine [[Operation Plunder|ní àríwá]] àti [[Remagen|ní gúúsù]] ti [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]], [[Ruhr pocket|tí ó yí German Army Group B ká]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Buchanan|2006|p=21}}.</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹta, nínú ìgbìyànjú láti dáàbò bo àwọn ohun-ìní epo ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ ní Hungary àti láti gba Budapest padà, Jẹ́mánì ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Operation Spring Awakening|ìkọlù ńlá rẹ̀ ìkẹyìn]] lòdì sí àwọn ọmọ-ogun Soviet nítòsí [[Lake Balaton]]. Láàárín ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì, wọ́n ti lé ìkọlù náà padà, àwọn Soviets tẹ̀síwájú sí [[Vienna offensive|Vienna]], wọ́n sì gba ìlú náà. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Soviet [[Battle of Königsberg|gba Königsberg]], nígbà tí Western Allies paríparí [[Spring 1945 offensive in Italy|tì síwájú ní Italy]] wọ́n sì gba gbogbo ìwọ̀-oòrùn Jẹ́mánì kọjá tí wọ́n gba [[Capture of Hamburg|Hamburg]] àti [[Battle of Nuremberg (1945)|Nuremberg]]. [[Elbe Day|Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Amẹ́ríkà àti Soviet pàdé ní odò Elbe]] ní ọjọ́ kẹẹdọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, tí ó fi àwọn agbègbè tí a kò gba sílẹ̀ ní gúúsù Jẹ́mánì àti yíká Berlin. Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Soviet [[Battle of Berlin|kọlu wọ́n sì gba Berlin]] ní ìparí Oṣù Kẹrin.{{sfn|Kershaw|2001|pp=793–829}} Ní Italy, [[Surrender of Caserta|àwọn ọmọ-ogun Jẹ́mánì jọ̀wọ́ ara wọn]] ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, nígbà tí [[Italian Social Republic]] tẹríba ní ọjọ́ méjì lẹ́yìn náà. Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, wọ́n gba [[Reichstag building|Reichstag]], èyí tí ó sàmì sí ìṣẹ́gun ológun lórí Nazi Germany.<ref name="Shepardson 1998">{{Harvnb|Shepardson|1998}}</ref> Àwọn ìyípadà ńlá nínú ìdarí wáyé ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹ́gbẹ́ méjèèjì lákòókò yìí. Ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá Oṣù Kẹrin, Ààrẹ Roosevelt kú, Igbákejì Ààrẹ rẹ̀, [[Harry S. Truman]] sì rọ́pò rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glass |first=Andrew |date=2016-04-12 |title=President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies at age 63, April 12, 1945 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/04/this-day-in-politics-april-12-1945-221722 |access-date=26 Oṣù Kínní 2025 |website=[[Politico]] |language=en}}</ref> Benito Mussolini [[Death of Benito Mussolini|jẹ́ ẹni tí]] [[Italian resistance movement|àwọn partisans Italy pa]] ní ọjọ́ kẹjọlelogun Oṣù Kẹrin.<ref name="O'Reilly 2001 244">{{Harvnb|O'Reilly|2001|p=244}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, [[Death of Adolf Hitler|Hitler gba ẹ̀mí ara rẹ̀]] ní [[Führerbunker|olú-ilé-iṣẹ́]] rẹ̀, [[Grand Admiral]] [[Karl Dönitz]] (gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[President of Germany (1919–1945)|Ààrẹ Reich]]) àti [[Joseph Goebbels]] (gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Chancellor of the Reich]]) sì rọ́pò rẹ̀. Goebbels náà gba ẹ̀mí ara rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ tí ó tẹ̀lé e, [[Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk]] sì rọ́pò rẹ̀, nínú ohun tí a padà mọ̀ sí [[Flensburg Government]]. [[German Instrument of Surrender|Ìtẹríba pátápátá láìsí àdéhùn]] ní Yúróòpù jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n fọwọ́sí [[Victory in Europe Day|ní ọjọ́ keje àti ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Karùn-ún]], láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní òpin [[Victory Day (9 May)|ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Karùn-ún]].<ref name="Evans 2008 737">{{Harvnb|Evans|2008|p=737}}.</ref> German Army Group Centre [[Prague offensive|kọjujà ní Prague]] títí di ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Karùn-ún.<ref name="Glantz 1998 34">{{Harvnb|Glantz|1998|p=24}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún gbogbo àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìjọba Jẹ́mánì tí ó ṣẹ́kù ni àwọn ọmọ-ogun Allied mú ní [[Flensburg]]. Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹfà gbogbo àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ òṣèlú àti ológun Jẹ́mánì ni a fi sí abẹ́ ìṣàkóso Allied nípasẹ̀ [[Berlin Declaration (1945)|Ìkéde Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Selby |first=Scott A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7SQ_EAAAQBAJ |title=The Axmann Conspiracy: The Nazi Plan for a Fourth Reich and How the U.S. Army Defeated It |date=28 July 2021 |publisher=Scott Andrew Selby |page=8 |language=en |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504072215/https://books.google.com/books?id=7SQ_EAAAQBAJ |archive-date=4 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ìpele ogun Pàsífíìkì, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Amẹ́ríkà tí àwọn ọmọ-ogun ti [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippine Commonwealth]] bá rìn tẹ̀síwájú [[Philippines campaign (1944–1945)|ní Philippines]], [[Battle of Leyte|wọ́n gba Leyte]] ní òpin Oṣù Kẹrin 1945. Wọ́n [[Battle of Luzon|gúnlẹ̀ ní Luzon]] ní Oṣù Kínní 1945 wọ́n sì [[Battle of Manila (1945)|gba Manila padà]] ní Oṣù Kẹta. Ìjà tẹ̀síwájú lórí Luzon, [[Battle of Mindanao|Mindanao]], àti àwọn erékùṣù Philippines mìíràn títí di [[End of World War II in Asia|òpin ogun náà]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chant |first=Christopher |title=The Encyclopedia of Codenames of World War II |date=1986 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |isbn=978-0-7102-0718-0 |page=118}}</ref> Lẹ́ẹ̀kannáà, [[United States Army Air Forces]] ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Air raids on Japan|ìpolongo ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù iná ńlá]] lórí àwọn ìlú ńlá pàtàkì ní Japan nínú ìgbìyànjú láti pa ilé-iṣẹ́ ogun Japan àti ìgboyà àwọn ará-ìlú run. [[Bombing of Tokyo|Ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù lórí Tokyo ti ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án sí ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹta]] jẹ́ ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù tí ó pa ènìyàn jùlọ nínú ìtàn.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Long |first=Tony |date=9 March 2011 |title=March 9, 1945: Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/03/0309incendiary-bombs-kill-100000-tokyo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323180239/https://www.wired.com/2011/03/0309incendiary-bombs-kill-100000-tokyo |archive-date=23 March 2017 |access-date=22 June 2018 |magazine=Wired |publisher=Wired Magazine |quote=1945: In the single deadliest air raid of World War II, 330 American B-29s rain incendiary bombs on Tokyo, touching off a firestorm that kills upwards of 100,000 people, burns a quarter of the city to the ground, and leaves a million homeless.}}</ref> [[File:Mamoru Shigemitsu signs the Instrument of Surrender, officially ending the Second World War.jpg|thumb|Mínísítà ọ̀rọ̀ òkè-òkun Japan [[Mamoru Shigemitsu]] ń fọwọ́sí [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender|Ìwé Ìtẹríba Japan]] lórí {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}}, ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1945]] Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1945, àwọn ọmọ-ogun Australia [[Borneo campaign|gúnlẹ̀ ní Borneo]], wọ́n gba àwọn pápá epo níbẹ̀. Àwọn ọmọ-ogun British, Amẹ́ríkà, àti Ṣáínà ṣẹ́gun àwọn Japanese ní àríwá [[Burma campaign|Burma]] ní Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn British sì tì síwájú láti dé [[Yangon|Rangoon]] nípa ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Karùn-ún.<ref name="Drea 2003 57">{{Harvnb|Drea|2003|p=57}}.</ref> Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Ṣáínà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọlù-padà ní [[Battle of West Hunan]] tí ó wáyé láàárín ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹrin àti ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹfà 1945. Àwọn ọmọ-ogun ojú-omi àti ti ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà tún súnmọ́ Japan, wọ́n gba [[Battle of Iwo Jima|Iwo Jima]] nípa Oṣù Kẹta, àti [[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa]] nípa òpin Oṣù Kẹfà.<ref>{{Harvnb|Jowett|Andrew|2002|p=6}}.</ref> Ní àkókò kannáà, ìdèna ojú-omi láti ọwọ́ [[Allied submarines in the Pacific War|àwọn ọkọ̀-necker]] ń fun ọrọ̀-ajé Japan pa ó sì dín agbára rẹ̀ kù gidigidi láti pèsè fún àwọn ọmọ-ogun òkè-òkun.<ref name="results of german and american submarines">{{Cite web |last=Poirier |first=Michel Thomas |date=20 October 1999 |title=Results of the German and American Submarine Campaigns of World War II |url=https://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/wwii-campaigns.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409052122/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/wwii-campaigns.html |archive-date=9 April 2008 |access-date=13 April 2008 |publisher=U.S. Navy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zuberi |first=Matin |date=August 2001 |title=Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki |journal=Strategic Analysis |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=623–662 |doi=10.1080/09700160108458986 |s2cid=154800868}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Keje, àwọn olórí Allied [[Potsdam Conference|pàdé ní Potsdam, Jẹ́mánì]]. Wọ́n [[Potsdam Agreement|fidi àwọn àdéhùn tẹ́lẹ̀ múlẹ̀]] nípa Jẹ́mánì,<ref name="Williams 2006 90">{{Harvnb|Williams|2006|p=90}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn ìjọba Amẹ́ríkà, British àti Ṣáínà tún ìbéèrè wọn sọ fún ìtẹríba láìsí àdéhùn ti Japan, ní sísọ ní pàtó pé "[[Potsdam Declaration|àbájáde mìíràn fún Japan ni ìparun kánkán àti pátápátá]]".<ref name="Miscamble 2007 201">{{Harvnb|Miscamble|2007|p=201}}.</ref> Nígbà àpéjọ yìí, United Kingdom [[1945 United Kingdom general election|ṣe ìdìbò gbogbo gbòò]], [[Clement Attlee]] sì rọ́pò Churchill gẹ́gẹ́ bí Alákòóso Àgbà.<ref name="Miscamble 2007 203_204">{{Harvnb|Miscamble|2007|pp=203–204}}.</ref> Ìjọba Japan kọ ìpè fún ìtẹríba láìsí àdéhùn, èyí tí ó gbàgbọ́ pé òun yóò lágbára láti dúnàádúrà fún àwọn àdéhùn ìtẹríba tí ó rọrùn síi.<ref>Ward Wilson. "The Winning Weapon? Rethinking Nuclear Weapons in Light of Hiroshima". ''International Security'', Vol. 31, No. 4 (Spring 2007), pp. 162–179.</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹjọ, United States [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|sọ àwọn bọ́m̀bù átómù]] sí àwọn ìlú Japan ti [[Hiroshima]] àti [[Nagasaki]]. Láàárín àwọn ìkọlù bọ́m̀bù méjèèjì, àwọn Soviets, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àdéhùn Yalta, [[Soviet–Japanese War|kéde ogun lórí Japan]], [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria|kọlu Manchuria tí Japan dìmú]] wọ́n sì yára ṣẹ́gun [[Kwantung Army]], èyí tí ó jẹ́ agbára ìjà Japan tí ó tóbi jùlọ.<ref>{{Harvnb|Glantz|2005}}.</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ méjì wọ̀nyí yí àwọn olórí Imperial Army tí wọ́n ti kọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ́kàn padà láti gba àwọn àdéhùn ìtẹríba.<ref name="Pape 1993">{{Harvnb|Pape|1993}} "The principal cause of Japan's surrender was the ability of the United States to increase the military vulnerability of Japan's home islands, persuading Japanese leaders that defence of the homeland was highly unlikely to succeed. The key military factor causing this effect was the sea blockade, which crippled Japan's ability to produce and equip the forces necessary to execute its strategy. The most important factor accounting for the timing of surrender was the Soviet attack against Manchuria, largely because it persuaded previously adamant Army leaders that the homeland could not be defended.".</ref> Red Army tún gba [[Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin|apá gúúsù Sakhalin Island]] àti [[Invasion of the Kuril Islands|Kuril Islands]]. Ní òru ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án sí ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹjọ 1945, Ọba Hirohito kéde ìpinnu rẹ̀ láti gba àwọn àdéhùn tí àwọn Allies béèrè nínú [[Potsdam Declaration]].{{Sfn|Bix|2000|pages=525–526}} Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹjọ, Ọba fi ìpinnu yìí tó àwọn ènìyàn Japan létí nípasẹ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ lórí rédíò ([[Hirohito surrender broadcast|''Gyokuon-hōsō'']], ní tààrà "ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ ní ohùn Ọba").{{Sfn|Bix|2000|pages=526–528}} Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹjọ 1945, [[Surrender of Japan|Japan tẹríba]], pẹ̀lú [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender|àwọn ìwé ìtẹríba]] tí wọ́n padà fọwọ́sí ní [[Tokyo Bay]] lórí pèpéle ọkọ̀-ogun Amẹ́ríkà {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}} ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 1945, tí ó fòpin sí ogun náà.<ref name="Beevor 2012 776">{{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|p=776}}.</ref> 878h0z3ceb8dk73ytttne2fd0spsxpg Ọmọnìyàn 0 12517 632178 601164 2026-08-19T19:44:19Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Ènìyàn | image = Akha cropped.png | image_caption = Ènìyàn akọ (òsì) àti abo (ọ̀tún) | fossil_range = {{fossil range|0.2|0}} [[Pleistocene]] - Recent | status = LC | trend = increasing | status_system = iucn3.1 | domain = [[Eukarya]] | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | superclassis = [[Tetrapoda]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | infraclassis = [[Eutheria]] | ordo = [[Primate]]s | subordo = [[Haplorrhini]] | infraordo = [[Simiiformes]] | parvordo = [[Catarrhini]] | superfamilia = [[Hominoid]]ea | familia = [[Hominid]]ae | subfamilia = [[Homininae]] | tribus = [[Hominini]] | genus = ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' | species = '''''H. sapiens''''' | subspecies = '''''H. s. sapiens''''' | trinomial = ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' | trinomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 }} '''Awon ọmọnìyàn''' tabi '''omo eniyan''' ni awon iru '''Homo sapiens''' '''''Homo sapiens''''' ([[Latin]]: eniyan oloye; "wise man" tabi '''eniyan onimo'''; "knowing man"),<ref>{{cite journal |author=Goodman M, Tagle D, Fitch D, Bailey W, Czelusniak J, Koop B, Benson P, Slightom J |title=Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-molecular-evolution_1990-03_30_3/page/260 |journal=J Mol Evol |volume = 30 |issue=3 |pages=260 – 6 |year=1990 |id=PMID 2109087 |doi=10.1007/BF02099995}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hominidae Classification |work=Animal Diversity Web @ UMich |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Hominidae.html |accessdate=2006-09-25}}</ref> iru '''''Homo''''' kan soso to si wa laye (extant) abaratan [[primate]] [[bipedalism|elesemeji]] ninu [[Hominidae]], ebi [[great ape]]. Sugbon, nigba miran o nje lilo lati tokasi eyi keyi toba je abaratan ''Homo''. Awon eniyan ni [[human brain|opolo]] to[[encephalization|dagba daada]], to le e ni [[reasoning|ironu]] afoyemo, [[language|ede]], [[introspection|ifinuwo]], ati [[problem solving|isojutu isoro]]. Agbara opolo yi, lapapo mo inaro ara to jagbekun awon owo lati fowo se awon ohun, gba awoniyan laaye lati lo awon [[tool|ohun isise]] daada ju awon iru miran lo. [[Mitochondrial DNA]] ati eri adikuta (fossil) fihan pe awon[[anatomically modern humans|eniyan oni]] berelati [[Africa]] bi odun 200,000 seyin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Smithsonian Institution, Human Origins Program |url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/sap.htm |access-date=2010-04-21 |archive-date=2007-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015030431/http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/sap.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pelu olukuluku eniyan ni gbogbo orile ayafi ni Antarctica, awon eniyan je awon iru[[cosmopolitan distribution|araleaye]]. [[world population|Iye]] awon eniyan je 6.8 legbegberunkeji ni November 2009.<ref name="popclock">{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html |title=World POPClock Projection |accessdate=2009-09-19 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division/International Programs Center}}</ref> Gege bi awon [[simian|higher primates]], adanida awon eniyan je alawujo. Sibesibe, awon eniyan je eyi soso to nlo sistemu ibanisoro lati so tenu ara re, pasiparo iyenu, ati igbajo. Awon eniyan da [[social structure|ifidimule awujo]] tosoro to ni opo awon eniyan ti won fowosowopo ati ti won takorawon, lati inu awon [[family|ebi]] de inu awon [[nation|orile-ede]]. Awon [[Social interaction|ibarasepo awujo]] larin awon eniyan ti sedasile orisirisi opo iyi, [[norm (sociology)|ise awujo]], ati awon igbese, ti lapapo won da ipilese awujo eniyan. Awon eniyan se pataki nipa ife won lati loye ati kopa lori ayika won, won wa lati salaye ati lo awon isele adanida nipa sayensi, imoye, itan awaso, ati esin. Isawari adanida yi ti mu idagbasoke awon ohun isise didagba ati ogbonise, ti won je jijogun lati inu [[culture|asa]]; awon eniyan nikan ni iru eda ti a mo ti won le se [[fire|ina]], [[cooking|se onje won]], wo [[clothing|aso]], ti won si le lo opolopo awon [[technology|technologies]] miran. == Oruko == [[Name of a biological genus|Oruko gbogbogbogeneric name]] ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' wa lati ede Latin ni orundun 18th ''{{lang|la|homō}}'' "eniyan", to di ''eniyan aye'' ("earthly being") ([[Old Latin]] ''{{lang|la|hemō}}'', cognate to Old English ''{{lang|ang|guma}}'' "man", lati [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] ''{{PIE|*dʰǵʰ<sub>e</sub>mon-}}'', meaning 'earth' or 'ground').<ref>[[IEW|Porkorny (1959)]] s.v. "g'hðem" pp. 414-416; "Homo." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 23 Sep. 2008. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Homo>.</ref> == Itan == === Evolution === {{Main|Human evolution}} {{See|Anthropology|Homo (genus)|Timeline of human evolution}} Asaro sayensi [[human evolution]] sakopo idagbasoke abatan ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]''. "Awon eniyan oni" jetitumo gege bi [[species|iru eda]] ''Homo sapiens'', ti [[subspecies|eka iru eda]] re to wa laye ni a mo si ''[[Homo sapiens sapiens]]''. ''[[Homo sapiens idaltu]]'' (to tumosi "baba oloye"), eka iru eda miran ti a mo ti pare.<ref>[http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/projects/human/# Human evolution: the fossil evidence in 3D], by Philip L. Walker and Edward H. Hagen, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, retrieved April 5, 2005.</ref> ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'', to pare ni odun 30,000 seyin, nigba miran je kikopo gege bi eka iru eda, "''Homo sapiens neanderthalensis''", sugbon awon asaro alabatan (genetic studies) nisin ro pe awon iru eda Neanderthal pinya lodo awon ''Homo sapiens'' ni bi odun 500,000 seyin.<ref>Green, R. E., Krause, J, Ptak, S. E., Briggs, A. W., Ronan, M. T., Simons, J. F., et al. (2006) Analysis of one million base pairs of Neanderthal DNA. Nature, 16, 330–336. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v444/n7117/abs/nature05336.html</ref> Bakanna, apere die to wa ''[[Homo rhodesiensis]]'' ti je kikopo bi eka iru eda, sugbon opo eniyan ko gba be. Bi irisinu (Anatomically) awon eniyan oni koko hanjade ni akoole idokuta ni Afrika nibi odun 195,000 seyin, be sini awon agbewo molecular biology fun wa ni eri pe igba tosunmo igba ipinya lodo babanla kanna awon eniyan oni ni odun 200,000 seyin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=102968 |access-date=2010-04-21 |archive-date=2009-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210041439/http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=102968 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref> {{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4269299.stm | work=BBC News | title=Age of ancient humans reassessed | date=February 16, 2005 | accessdate=April 10, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/02/050223122209.htm The Oldest Homo Sapiens:] - URL retrieved May 15, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Alemseged, Z., Coppens, Y., Geraads, D. |title=Hominid cranium from Homo: Description and taxonomy of Homo-323-1976-896 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-physical-anthropology_2002-02_117_2/page/103 |journal=Am J Phys Anthropol |volume=117 |issue=2 |pages=103–12 |year=2002 |pmid=11815945 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.10032}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Stoneking, Mark; Soodyall, Himla |title=Human evolution and the mitochondrial genome |journal=Current Opinion in Genetics & Development |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=731–6 |year=1996 |doi=10.1016/S0959-437X(96)80028-1}}</ref> Agbewo kakiri ijorisirisi alabatan awon ara Afrika ti Dr. Sarah Tishkoff solori ri pe [[Bushmen|awon San]] ni won ni orisirisi albatan topojulo larin awon 113 eya eniyan otooto ti won gbeyewo, to so won di ikan ninu 14 "awon eniyan babanla" 14. Iwadi yi, bakanna se ibudo ibere irinjade eniyan oni ni guusu-apaiwoorun Afrika, nitosi bode etiodo [[Namibia]] ati [[Angola]].<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8027269.stm BBC World News "Africa's genetic secrets unlocked"], 1 May 2009; the results were published in the online edition of the journal ''Science''.</ref> Awon olubatan to sunmo awon eniyan julo ni awon [[gorilla]] ati [[chimpanzee]], sugbon awon eniyan ko wa latodo awon akiti woyi: bibeeko awon akiti wonyi nipin [[common ancestor|babanla kanna]] pelu awon eniyan oni.<ref name=Wood>{{cite journal |author=Wood B, Richmond BG |title=Human evolution: taxonomy and paleobiology |journal=J. Anat. |volume=197 ( Pt 1) |issue= |pages=19–60 |year=2000 |month=July |pmid=10999270 |pmc=1468107 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x}}</ref> Afaimo ko mo je pe awon eniyan nibatan julo mo awon iru eda meji [[chimpanzee]]: [[Common Chimpanzee]] ati [[Bonobo]].<ref name=Wood/> Isetelentele gbogbo [[genome]] ti mu yewa pe "leyin odun 6.5 [million] idagbajade otooto, awon iyato larin chimpanzee ati eniyan tobiju awon to wa larin awon eniyan ti won ko ni ibatan mo ra won lo lemewa ati won dinju lemewa larin awon eku ati omole/ekute". Won da laba pe ibajorapo awon itelentele DNA larin eniyan ati chimpanzee wa larin 95% ati 99%.<ref>[[Frans de Waal]], ''Bonobo''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. ISBN 0-520-20535-9 [http://www.2think.org/bonobo.shtml]</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Britten RJ | title=Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5%, counting indels | url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/21/13633 | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | year=2002 | pages=13633–5 | volume=99 | issue=21 | pmid=12368483 | doi=10.1073/pnas.172510699 | pmc=129726}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Wildman, D., Uddin, M., Liu, G., Grossman, L., Goodman, M. | title = Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: enlarging genus Homo | url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/12/7181 | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | volume = 100 | issue = 12 | pages = 7181–8 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12766228 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1232172100 | pmc = 165850}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Ruvolo M | title = Molecular phylogeny of the hominoids: inferences from multiple independent DNA sequence data sets | url=http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/14/3/248 | journal = Mol Biol Evol | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 248–65 | date=1 March 1997| pmid = 9066793 }}</ref> O ti je didiye pe It has been estimated that the human [[lineage (evolution)|iran]] eniya pinya lodo ti awon chimpanzees bi odun egbegberun marun seyin, ati latodo ti awon [[gorilla]] bi odun egbegberun mejo seyin. Sibesibe, agbari kan hominid ti o je wiwari ni [[Chad]] ni 2001, ti o je kikopo bi ''[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]'', sunmo bi odun egbegberun mejo seyin, eyi fihan pe o se e se ki ipinya o waye nibere ju bi a se so loke lo.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D., Mackaye, H., Likius, A., Ahounta, D., Beauvilain, A., Blondel, C., Bocherens, H., Boisserie, J., De Bonis, L., Coppens, Y., Dejax, J., Denys, C., Duringer, P., Eisenmann, V., Fanone, G., Fronty, P., Geraads, D., Lehmann, T., Lihoreau, F., Louchart, A., Mahamat, A., Merceron, G., Mouchelin, G., Otero, O., Pelaez Campomanes, P., Ponce De Leon, M., Rage, J., Sapanet, M., Schuster, M., Sudre, J., Tassy, P., Valentin, X., Vignaud, P., Viriot, L., Zazzo, A., Zollikofer, C. | title = A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa | url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6894/full/nature00879.html | journal = Nature | volume = 418 | issue = 6894 | pages = 145–51 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12110880 | doi = 10.1038/nature00879}}</ref> {{ekunrere}} == Itokasi == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|People}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọnìyàn]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn afọmúbọ́mọ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ ènìyàn]] l3mmj75ndwngp2ben0pl7j7s23zzofa Bakitéríà 0 13372 632186 588777 2026-08-19T20:00:16Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgrey | name = Baktéríà | fossil_range = [[Archean]] or earlier - Recent | image = E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg | image_width = 210px | image_caption = Scanning electron micrograph of ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' bacilli | domain = '''Bacteria''' | subdivision_ranks = Phyla<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=2&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |title=Bacteria (eubacteria) |accessdate=2008-09-10 |work=Taxonomy Browser |publisher=NCBI |date= }}</ref> | subdivision = * '''[[gram positive]]/no [[Bacterial outer membrane|outer membrane]]''' [[Actinobacteria]] (high-[[GC-content|G+C]])<br /> [[Firmicutes]] (low-[[GC-content|G+C]])<br /> [[Tenericutes]] (no [[Cell wall|wall]])<br /> * '''[[gram negative]]/[[Bacterial outer membrane|outer membrane]] present''' [[Aquificae]]<br /> [[Bacteroidetes]]/[[Chlorobi]]<br /> [[Chlamydiae]]/[[Verrucomicrobia]]<br /> [[Deinococcus-Thermus]]<br /> [[Fusobacteria]]<br /> [[Gemmatimonadetes]]<br /> [[Nitrospirae]]<br /> [[Proteobacteria]]<br /> [[Spirochaete]]s<br /> [[Synergistetes]]<br /> * '''unknown/ungrouped''' [[Acidobacteria]]<br /> [[Chloroflexi]]<br /> [[Chrysiogenetes]]<br /> [[Cyanobacteria]]<br /> [[Deferribacteraceae|Deferribacteres]]<br /> [[Dictyoglomi]]<br /> [[Fibrobacteres]]<br /> [[Planctomycetes]]<br /> [[Thermodesulfobacteria]]<br /> [[Thermotogae]] }} '''Baktéríà''' ({{Audio-IPA|en-us-bacteria.ogg|[bækˈtɪərɪə]}}; ''ìkan'': Bakterio) je idipo ninla awon ohun [[microoganism|elemintintinni]] [[Prokaryote|prokarioti]] ti won ni [[cell (biology)|ahamo]] eyokan. Gigun won je [[micrometre|mitatintinni]], idasi bakteria je orisirisi, lati [[sphere|roboto]] de opa de ilo. Bakteria wa nibi gbogbo ni [[Earth|ile-aye]], won wu ninu [[soil|erupe]], omi kikan gbigbona, idoti<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Balkwill DL, ''et al.'' |title=Geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford site, Washington state |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_applied-and-environmental-microbiology_2004-07_70_7/page/4230 |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |volume=70 |issue=7 |pages=4230–41 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15240306 |pmc=444790 |doi=10.1128/AEM.70.7.4230-4241.2004}}</ref>,[[omi]], ati jinjin ninu ile aye, bakanna ninu elo elemin, ati ninu ara awon [[plant|ogbin]] ati [[animal|eranko]]. 40 legbegberun [[cell (biology)|ahamo]] bakteria ninu erupe gramu kan be sini egbegberun kan ahamo bakteria lo wa ninu omi; lapapo egbegberunkesan marun (5×10<sup>30</sup>) bakteria lowa ni aye<ref name=pmid9618454>{{cite journal |author=Whitman WB, Coleman DC, Wiebe WJ |title=Prokaryotes: the unseen majority |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_1998-06-09_95_12/page/n17 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=6578–83 |year=1998 |month=June |pmid=9618454 |pmc=33863 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578}}</ref> ti won sedajo opo [[biomass|isupoalaaye]] ni agbaye. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Bàíọ́lọ́jì]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Baktéríà| ]] po7jyjf3jnsx1i7ei1h32rww45ck4sy New York 0 13458 632117 626355 2026-08-19T18:11:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = New York | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | official_name = Ilu New York | settlement_type = [[Administrative divisions of New York#City|Ilu]] | image_skyline = NYC Montage 2011.jpg | imagesize = 275px | image_alt = | image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Midtown Manhattan]], the [[United Nations Headquarters]], the [[Statue of Liberty]], the [[Brooklyn Bridge]], [[Central Park]], [[Times Square]], and the [[Unisphere]] in [[Queens]] | image_flag = Flag of New York City.svg | image_seal = Seal of the City of New York.svg | nickname = [[Big Apple|The Big Apple]], Gotham, Center of the Universe, The City That Never Sleeps,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hotword.dictionary.com/big-apple-gotham/|title=Why is New York City known as "the Big Apple" and "Gotham?"|publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC|accessdate=June 16, 2011|archive-date=February 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215214452/http://hotword.dictionary.com/big-apple-gotham/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> The Capital of the World<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpiweb.org/Archive?id=2972 |title=Showcase Destinations New York City: Capital of the World |publisher=Mpiweb.org |date=September 22, 1924 |accessdate=June 16, 2011 |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930082527/http://www.mpiweb.org/Archive?id=2972 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/lmec/html/about/nycapital.shtml|title=About New York City|publisher=The City of New York|accessdate=June 16, 2011|archive-date=April 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407134046/http://www.nyc.gov/html/lmec/html/about/nycapital.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/forward.htm|title=FORWARD New York – Capital of the Modern World|author=Eugene J. Sherman|publisher=The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011|accessdate=June 16, 2011|archive-date=October 2, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002112343/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/forward.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tripouttravel.com/new-york-city-the-capital-of-the-world/|title=New York City: The Capital of the World|publisher=2011 Viacom International Inc|accessdate=June 16, 2011|archive-date=January 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119001101/http://www.tripouttravel.com/new-york-city-the-capital-of-the-world/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | motto = | image_map = Map of New York Highlighting New York City.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in the state of [[New York]] | pushpin_map = USA2 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the [[United States]] | latd = 40 |latm = 39 |lats = 51 |latNS = N | longd = 73 |longm = 56 |longs = 19 |longEW = W | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[United States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[New York]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New York|Counties]] | subdivision_name2 = [[The Bronx|Bronx]], [[Brooklyn|Kings]], [[Manhattan|New York]], [[Queens]], [[Staten Island|Richmond]] | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1624 | established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] | established_date1 = 1898 | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = <ref name="MayorsOffice">{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.e985cf5219821bc3f7393cd401c789a0/ |title=Biography |accessdate=January 8, 2010 |publisher=New York, City of |author=the Mayor, New York City Office of |date=January 8, 2010 |archive-date=March 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317115700/http://www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.e985cf5219821bc3f7393cd401c789a0 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] | leader_party = [[Independent (politician)|I]] | governing_body = [[New York City Council]] | leader_title = [[Mayor of New York City|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Michael Bloomberg]] | unit_pref = US<!-- or UK or Metric --> | area_footnotes = {{GR|1}} | area_total_sq_mi = 468.48 | area_land_sq_mi = 302.64 | area_water_sq_mi = 165.84 | elevation_footnotes = {{GR|3}} | elevation_ft = 72 | population_footnotes = {{GR|2}} | population_total = 8175133 | population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]] | population_density_sq_mi= 27012.5 | population_urban = 18223567 | population_metro = 18897109 ([[Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|1st]]) | population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] | population_blank1 = 22085649 ([[Table of United States Combined Statistical Areas|1st]]) | population_demonym = New Yorker | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|EST]] | utc_offset1 = -5 | timezone1_DST = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|EDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code|ZIP code(s)]] | postal_code = 100xx–104xx, 11004–05, 111xx–114xx, 116xx | area_code = [[Area code 212|212]], [[Area code 718|718]], [[Area code 917|917]], [[Area code 646|646]], [[Area code 347|347]], [[Area code 929|929]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 36-51000 | iso_code = | website = {{URL|www.nyc.gov}} | footnotes = }} '''New York City''' (tí a mọ̀ sí ìlú New York káàkiri àgbáyé), tí a sábà máa ń pè ní ìlú New York ( NYC ), [lower-alpha 1] ni ìlú tí ó ní ènìyàn jùlọ ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà . Ó wà ní ìpẹ̀kun gúúsù ìpínlẹ̀ New York ní èbúté New York, ọ̀kan lára àwọn èbúté àdánidá tó tóbi jùlọ ní àgbáyé. Ìlú náà ní àwọn agbègbè márùn-ún, ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan wọn sì ní àpapọ̀ pẹ̀lú agbègbè rẹ̀ . Ó jẹ́ ibi tí àwọn ènìyàn ń gbé ní Northeast megalopolis àti agbègbè ìlú ńlá New York, agbègbè ìlú ńlá tó tóbi jùlọ ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà nípa iye ènìyàn àti agbègbè ìlú ńlá. New York jẹ́ ibùdó ìṣúná owó àgbáyé<ref name=NYCFinancialCapitalWorldA>{{cite web |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/219124.htm |title=Shanghai and New York—Similar, But Different |publisher=China.org |access-date=February 10, 2024 }}</ref> àti ìṣòwò, àṣà, ìmọ̀ ẹ̀ro,<ref name=NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub>{{cite news |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/new-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech |title=New York is closer than ever to beating the Bay Area on tech |first=Cara |last=Eisenpress |newspaper=[[Crain Communications]] |date=April 28, 2023 |access-date=June 17, 2023 }}</ref> eré ìnàjú àti ìròyìn, ẹ̀kọ́ àti àwọn ohun èlò ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref name=NYCScientificCapital>{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} Nature Index 2022 Science Cities |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2022-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=April 24, 2024 |website=nature.com |language=en }}</ref> iṣẹ́ ọnà àti àṣà, àti, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé olú ilé iṣẹ́ ti Àjọ Àgbáyé, iṣẹ́ ìjọba àgbáyé.{{efn|Attributed to multiple sources: <ref name="The City of New York">{{Cite web |title=NYC Mayor's Office for International Affairs |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616080757/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml |archive-date=June 16, 2015 |access-date=June 24, 2015 |publisher=The City of New York }}</ref><ref name="Digital Diplomacy Coalition, New York">{{Cite web |title=DDC New York |url=http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727142713/http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/ |archive-date=July 27, 2018 |access-date=August 11, 2018 |publisher=Digital Diplomacy Coalition, New York |quote=Established in 2014, DDC New York has partnered with the United Nations, major tech and social media companies, multiple governments, and NGOs to bring unique programs to the area community. |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NYCWorld'sMostImportantCity2">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/most-influential-cities-in-the-world-2018-5?amp |title=The 21 most influential cities in the world |author1=Will Martin |author2=Libertina Brandt |publisher=[[Business Insider]] |date=June 14, 2019 |access-date=August 9, 2023 }}</ref><ref name="NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld">{{cite book |title=The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History |author=Edward Robb Ellis |date=December 21, 2004 |access-date=January 2, 2023 |publisher=Basic Books |page=593 |isbn=9780786714360 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sx3RDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA594 }}</ref><ref name="NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2">{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Roberts |date=September 14, 2017 |title=When the World Called for a Capital |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/14/nyregion/when-the-world-called-for-a-capital.html |access-date=January 2, 2023 }}</ref>}} Pẹ̀lú iye ènìyàn tí a ṣírò ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2024 ti 8,478,072, tí a pín káàkiri ju 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2) lọ.{{convert|300.46|sqmi|km2}},<ref name=QuickFacts/> ìlú náà ni ìlú pàtàkì tí ènìyàn pọ̀ jùlọ ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ìlú New York ní iye ènìyàn tó ju ìlọ́po méjì lọ ní Los Angeles, ìlú kejì tí ènìyàn pọ̀ jùlọ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref name=Estimate2024/><ref name="nyc.gov"/> Ó ju ènìyàn 20.1 mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn ló ń gbé ní àgbègbè ìṣirò ìlú ńlá ìlú New York àti mílíọ̀nù 23.5 ní àpapọ̀ àgbègbè ìṣirò rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2020, méjèèjì tó tóbi jùlọ ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ìlú náà jẹ́ ìlú ńlá o sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìlú ńlá tó ní ènìyàn jùlọ ní àgbáyé.<ref name=CensusNYC>[https://www.census.gov/history/www/homepage_archive/2023/january_2023.html U.S. Census Bureau History: New York City and the New Year], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 30, 2024. "In 2021, 3,079,776 New Yorkers identified themselves as foreign-born, including 1,542,413 Latin American, 910,151 Asian, and 443,113 European immigrants.... The 2020 Census found that New York City was home to 8,804,190 people. Los Angeles, CA, was the nation's distant second most populous city with 3,898,747 residents."</ref> Ìlú ńlá náà àti agbègbè ìlú ńlá rẹ̀ ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹnu ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún ìṣíkiri òfin sí Amẹ́ríkà . A fojú díwọ̀n pé èdè 800 ni wọ́n ń sọ ní ìlú New York, ló sì mú kí ó jẹ́ ìlú tó ní onírúurú èdè jùlọ ní àgbáyé.<ref name="NYCWorld'sMostLinguisticallyDiverseCity1">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/nyregion/29lost.html?hpw|title=Listening to (and Saving) the World's Languages|author=Sam Roberts|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 29, 2010|access-date=August 18, 2025|quote=These are not just some of the languages that make New York the most linguistically diverse city in the world. They are part of a remarkable trove of endangered tongues that have taken root in New York, languages born in every corner of the globe and now more commonly heard in various corners of New York than anywhere else.}}</ref><ref name="NYCWorld'sMostLinguisticallyDiverseCity2">{{cite web|url=https://news.columbia.edu/news/new-york-worlds-most-linguistically-diverse-metropolis|title=New York, the World's Most Linguistically Diverse Metropolis|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|date=June 5, 2025|access-date=August 17, 2025}}</ref> Agbègbè ìlú ńlá ìlú New York City ni ilé fún àwọn ènìyàn tó pọ̀ jùlọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àjèjì ní gbogbo agbègbè ìlú ńlá ní àgbáyé, tó tó mílíọ̀nù 5.9 ní ọdún 2023. == Orírun orúkọ ìlú náà == Ní ọdún 1664, wọ́n sọ orúkọ ìlú New York ní ọlá fún Dúkì ti York (ẹni tí ó di Ọba James Kejì ti ìlú England lẹ́yìn náà).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201120328/https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html |title=1664 New Amsterdam becomes New York Dutch rulers surrender to England |first=Etta |last=Badoe |publisher=[[Queens Chronicle]] |date=November 11, 2015 |archive-date=February 1, 2017 |access-date=March 13, 2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Àbúrò James, Ọba Charles II, yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣàkóso agbègbè New Netherland tẹ́lẹ̀, títí kan ìlú New Amsterdam, nígbà tí ìjọba ìlú England gbà á lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Dutch.<ref name="Archdeacon2013a">{{cite book |first=Thomas J. |last=Archdeacon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bTxAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT19 |title=New York City, 1664–1710: Conquest and Change |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8014-6891-9 |page=19 |author-link1=Thomas J. Archdeacon }}</ref> Wọ́n yí orúkọ New Netherland padà sí Agbègbè New York (tí a mọ̀ sí Ìpínlẹ̀ New York báyìí).<ref>{{Cite web |title=James, Duke of York |url=https://history.nycourts.gov/figure/james-duke-york/ |access-date=March 14, 2021 |website=Historical Society of the New York Courts |quote=James sent a fleet [...], the Dutch surrendered, English rule was established, and the colony [New Netherland] was renamed New York.}}</ref> == Ìtàn ìlú New York == Ní àkókò kí ó tó di àkókò Columbia, àwọn Algonquians ló ń gbé ní ìlú New York lónìí, títí kan àwọn Lenape . Ìlú ìbílẹ̀ wọn, tí a mọ̀ sí Lenapehoking, ní àwọn agbègbè Staten Island, [[Manhattan]], Bronx, apá ìwọ̀ oòrùn Long Island (pẹ̀lú Brooklyn àti Queens ), àti Lower [[Hudson Valley]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Evan T. |last=Pritchard |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5hky9f5PgoC&pg=PA27 |title=Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin people of New York |page=27 |publisher=Council Oak Books |isbn=1-57178-107-2 }}</ref> Ìbẹ̀wò àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ sílẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ ará Europe kan sí èbúté New York ni ọdún 1524 láti ọwọ́ olùṣàwárí Giovanni da Verrazzano.<ref name="Debo2013">{{cite book |first=Angie |last=Debo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLjYpwiuN_wC&pg=PT28 |title=A History of the Indians of the United States |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8061-8965-9 |page=28 }}</ref> Ó gba agbègbè náà fún ilẹ̀ Faransé ó sì sọ ọ́ ní Nouvelle Angoulême ( Angoulême Tuntun).<ref name="rodgers">{{cite book |last1=Rankin |first1=Rebecca B. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226262 |title=New York: The World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress |last2=Rodgers |first2=Cleveland |publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper]] |year=1948 }}</ref> Ìrìnàjò ará Spain, tí olórí ọkọ̀ ojú omi ará Portugal Estêvão Gomes ṣe olórí rẹ̀, tí ó ń rìnrìn àjò lọ sí Emperor Charles. V, dé èbúté New York ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 1525, ó sì ṣe àtẹ ìsàlẹ̀ etí odò Hudson, èyí tí ó sọ ní Río de San Antonio ('Odò Saint Anthony').<ref>{{cite book |author=WPA Writer's Project |title=A Maritime History of New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o08K8jlMI-IC |page=246 |publisher=Going Coastal Productions |year=2004 |isbn=0-9729803-1-8 }}</ref> Ní ọdún 1609, olùṣàwárí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà , Henry Hudson, tún ṣàwárí èbúté New York nígbà tí ó ń wá Northwest Passage sí Orient fún ilé-iṣẹ́ Dutch East India.<ref name="Lankevich2002">{{cite book |first=George J. |last=Lankevich |url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkcity00geor |title=New York City: A Short History |publisher=[[NYU Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8147-5186-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/newyorkcity00geor/page/2 2] |url-access=registration }}</ref> Ó wọ ọkọ̀ ojú omi lọ sí ibi tí àwọn ará Dutch ń pè ní North River (tó jẹ́ Odò Hudson báyìí), tí Hudson kọ́kọ́ pè ní Mauritius lẹ́yìn Maurice, Prince of Orange.<ref name="hudsonnni">{{cite web |title=The Hudson River |url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/hudson-river/ |access-date=July 10, 2016 |publisher=[[New Netherland Institute]] }}</ref> Hudson gba àgbègbè náà fún Ile-iṣẹ Dutch East India. Ni ọdun 1614, àgbègbè láàrín Cape Cod ati Delaware Bay ni Netherlands gbà àti pé a pe ní Nieuw-Nederland (' New Netherland '). Ẹni àkọ́kọ́ tí kìí ṣe ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà tí ó gbé ní ìlú New York ni Juan Rodriguez, oníṣòwò kàn láti Santo Domingo tí ó dé Manhattan ní ìgbà òtútù ọdún 1613–14, tí ó ń dẹkùn mú àwọn ẹranko, tí ó sì ń ṣòwò pẹ̀lú àwọn ènìyàn agbègbè gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣojú àwọn ará Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=October 2, 2012 |title=Honoring a Very Early New Yorker |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/honoring-a-very-early-new-yorker/ |access-date=October 28, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=May 14, 2013 |title=CUNY DSI Publishes Monograph on New York's First Immigrant |url=https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/juan-rodriguez-monograph |access-date=May 16, 2020 |publisher=[[The City College of New York]] }}</ref> ==Ìjọba Ilé Dutch== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 | image1 = Stad Amsterdam in Nieuw Nederland (City Amsterdam in New Netherland) Castello Plan 1660.jpg | caption1 = The [[Castello Plan]], a 1660 map of [[New Amsterdam]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] | image2 = GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg | caption2 = [[New Amsterdam]], centered in what eventually became Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year [[British colonization of the Americas|England]] took control and renamed it New York }} Wọ́n dá ìdúróṣinṣin àwọn ará Yúróòpù nítòsí èbúté New York sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1624, èyí sì mú kí New York jẹ́ ibùdó kejìlá tí ó ti pẹ́ jùlọ ní Yúróòpù tí wọ́n ń gbé nígbà gbogbo ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà, pẹ̀lú ìdásílẹ̀ ibùdó ìṣòwò irun Dutch kan ní erékùsù Governors . Ní ọdún 1625, wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí kọ́ ilé ìṣọ́ kan àti Fort Amsterdam, tí wọ́n ń pè ní Nieuw Amsterdam (New Amsterdam), ní erékùsù [[Manhattan]] òde òní.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100519132451/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm Dutch Colonies], [[National Park Service]]. Retrieved May 19, 2007. "Sponsored by the West India Company, 30 families arrived in North America in 1624, establishing a settlement on present-day Manhattan."</ref><ref name="Tolerance">[http://www.tolerancepark.org/id2.html GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance], Tolerance Park. Retrieved February 9, 2017. See Legislative Resolutions Senate No. 5476 and Assembly No. 2708.</ref> Àgbègbè ìlú New Amsterdam fẹ̀ láti ìpẹ̀kun gúúsù Manhattan sí Wall Street òde òní, níbi tí ó ga 12 feet (3.7 m) wọ́n kọ́ ibi ìkópamọ́ igi ní ọdún 1653 láti dáàbò bo àwọn ìkọlù àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà àti àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/crash-selected-wall-street-chronology/ |title=Timeline: A selected Wall Street chronology |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=October 28, 2021 }}</ref> Ní ọdún 1626, Olùdarí Àgbà fún àwọn ará Netherlands, Peter Minuit, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé iṣẹ́ Dutch West India Company ṣe fẹ̀sùn kàn án, ra erékùsù Manhattan láti ọwọ́ Canarsie, ẹgbẹ́ orin Lenape kékeré kan,<ref>{{cite book |first1=Frederick M. |last1=Binder |first2=David M. |last2=Reimers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o08K8jlMI-IC |title=All the Nations Under Heaven: An Ethnic and Racial History of New York City |page=4 |year=1996 |isbn=0-231-07879-X |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] }}</ref> fún "iye owó guilders 60"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.s4ulanguages.com/laet2.html |title=Pieter Schaghen Letter |year=1626 |quote="...&nbsp;hebben t'eylant Manhattes van de wilde gekocht, voor de waerde van 60 gulden: is groot 11000 morgen.&nbsp;..." ("...&nbsp;They have purchased the Island Manhattes from the Indians for the value of 60 guilders. It is 11,000 morgens in size&nbsp;...) |access-date=October 28, 2021 |website=S4ulanguages.com }}</ref> (tó tó $900 ní ọdún 2018).<ref>{{cite web |title=Value of the Guilder versus Euro |url=http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate.php |access-date=July 25, 2019 |publisher=[[International Institute of Social History]] }}</ref> Ìtàn àròsọ kan tí wọ́n sábà máa ń sọ ṣùgbọ́n tí wọn kò gbàgbọ́ sọ pé wọ́n ra Manhattan fún iye owó 24 ti àwọn ìlẹ̀kẹ̀ gilasi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Schaghen Letter |url=http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023083225/http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html |archive-date=October 23, 2010 |access-date=October 28, 2010 |url-status=usurped |publisher=Nnp.org }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Christopher L. |last2=Hamell |first2=George R. |date=September 1986 |title=A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1986-09_73_2/page/311 |journal=[[The Journal of American History]] |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=311–328 |doi=10.2307/1908224 |jstor=1908224 |issn=0021-8723 }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ríra náà, New Amsterdam dàgbà díẹ̀díẹ̀.<ref name="npsnetherland">{{cite web |title=Dutch Colonies |url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017053514/http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 17, 2007 |access-date=July 10, 2016 |publisher=[[National Park Service]] }}</ref> Láti fa àwọn olùgbé, àwọn ará Netherlands gbé ètò ìtọ́jú kalẹ̀ ní ọdún 1628, níbi tí àwọn ọlọ́rọ̀ ará Netherlands ( àwọn olùtọ́jú, tàbí àwọn olùtọ́jú) tí wọ́n mú 50 àwọn amúnisìn wá sí New Netherland yóò gba ilẹ̀, òmìnira ìṣèlú àdúgbò, àti ẹ̀tọ́ láti kópa nínú ìṣòwò irun onírun tí ó ń tà èrè. Ètò yìí kò ní àṣeyọrí púpọ̀.<ref name="locnetherland">{{cite web |title=The Patroon System |url=http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html |access-date=July 10, 2016 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319082007/http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Láti ọdún 1621, Dutch West India Company ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ìjọba ní New Netherland, lábẹ́ àṣẹ tí Dutch States General fún ní. Ní ọdún 1639–1640, láti mú kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lágbára sí i, Dutch West India Company fi agbára ìṣàkóso rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lórí ìṣòwò irun, èyí sì yọrí sí ìdàgbàsókè nínú ìṣelọ́pọ́ àti ìṣòwò oúnjẹ, igi, tábà, àti àwọn ẹrú (ní pàtàkì pẹ̀lú [[Dutch West Indies]] <ref name="npsnetherland" /><ref name="nahcnetherland">{{cite web |title=The Story of New Amsterdam |url=http://www.newamsterdamhistorycenter.org/bios/origins.html |access-date=July 10, 2016 |publisher=New Amsterdam History Center }}</ref> Ní ọdún 1647, Peter Stuyvesant bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdarí Àgbà tó kẹ́yìn ní New Netherland. Nígbà tí ó wà ní ipò rẹ̀, iye àwọn ènìyàn ní New Netherland pọ̀ sí i láti ẹgbẹ̀rún méjì sí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́jọ.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jacobs |first=Jaap |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgnh3E5Mm0cC |title=The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=2009 |page=32 |isbn=978-0801475160 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Eisenstadt |first1=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmHEm5ohoCUC&q=New+Amsterdam+grew+from+under+2,000+to+8,000&pg=PA1051 |title=The Encyclopedia of New York State |last2=Moss |first2=Laura-Eve |last3=Huxley |first3=Carole F. |publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8156-0808-0 |page=1051 }}</ref> Wọ́n ti gbóríyìn fún Stuyvesant fún mímú òfin àti ìlànà sunwọ̀n sí i; síbẹ̀, ó gba orúkọ rere gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí apàṣẹwàá . Ó gbé àwọn ìlànà kalẹ̀ lórí títà ọtí, ó gbìyànjú láti fi agbára mú kí Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Àtúnṣe Dutch, ó sì dí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìsìn mìíràn lọ́wọ́ láti dá àwọn ilé ìjọsìn sílẹ̀.<ref name="nyhsstuyvesant">{{cite web |title=Peter Stuyvesant |url=http://www.nyhistory.org/peter-stuyvesant |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624011523/http://www.nyhistory.org/peter-stuyvesant |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=July 11, 2016 |publisher=[[New-York Historical Society]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ìgbẹ́jọ́ àti ìdásílẹ̀ John Peter Zenger ní Manhattan ní ọdún 1735, ẹni tí wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn kan pé ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ ìdìtẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe àríwísí gómìnà ìjọba amúnisìn William Cosby, ló ran lọ́wọ́ láti fi òmìnira ìròyìn múlẹ̀ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà.<ref name="zenger">{{cite web |last=Linder |first=Doug |year=2001 |title=The Trial of John Peter Zenger: An Account |url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/zengeraccount.html |publisher=[[University of Missouri–Kansas City]] |access-date=October 30, 2021 |archive-date=November 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122040556/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/zengeraccount.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ní ọdún 1754, wọ́n dá Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Columbia sílẹ̀.<ref>{{cite book |last=Moore |first=Nathaniel Fish |url=https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalske00univgoog |title=An Historical Sketch of Columbia College, in the City of New York, 1754–1876 |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |year=1876 |page=[https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalske00univgoog/page/n14 8] }}</ref> == Ìṣàkóso àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 | image1 = The fall of New Amsterdam cph.3g12217.jpg | caption1 = ''[[The Fall of New Amsterdam]]'', painting by [[Jean Leon Gerome Ferris]], depicting the [[Conquest of New Netherland]] | image2 = A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York,_from_the_SW.jpg | caption2 = [[Fort Amsterdam|Fort George]] and New York with British warships, {{Circa|1731}} }} Ní ọdún 1664, nígbà tí Stuyvesant kò lè gbé àtakò tó lágbára jáde, ó fi New Amsterdam lé àwọn ọmọ ogun Gẹ̀ẹ́sì lọ́wọ́, tí Colonel Richard Nicolls ṣe olórí, láìsí ìtàjẹ̀sílẹ̀.<ref name="nyhsstuyvesant" /><ref name="nnistuyvesant">{{cite web |title=Peter Stuyvesant |url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/peter-stuyvesant/ |access-date=July 11, 2016 |publisher=[[New Netherland Institute]] }}</ref> Àwọn òfin ìfisílẹ̀ náà fún àwọn olùgbé Dutch láyè láti dúró sí agbègbè náà, wọ́n sì fún wọn ní òmìnira ìsìn.<ref name="lehrmanstuyvesant">{{cite web |title=The surrender of New Netherland, 1664 |url=http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/early-settlements/resources/surrender-new-netherland-1664 |access-date=July 11, 2016 |publisher=[[Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History]] }}</ref> Ní ọdún 1667, nígbà tí wọ́n ń ṣe àdéhùn sí Àdéhùn Breda lẹ́yìn Ogun Anglo-Dutch Kejì, àwọn ará Dutch tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun pinnu láti pa ilẹ̀ ìtọ́jú oko tuntun tí a ń pè ní Suriname mọ́, èyí tí wọ́n ti jèrè láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ará England,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Breda |title=Treaty of Breda |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=July 10, 2016 }}</ref>, àti ní ìgbẹ̀yìn, àwọn ará England pa New Amsterdam mọ́. Wọ́n yí orúkọ ìlú náà padà sí "New York" ní kíákíá gẹ́gẹ́ bí Duke of York (ọba James Kejì àti VII tí yóò máa bọ̀).<ref name="homberger400">{{cite book |last=Homberger |first=Eric |title=The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City's History |publisher=Owl Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8050-7842-8 |page=34 }}</ref> Duke náà fún àwọn onílé ní George Carteret àti John Berkeley ní apá kan ìlú náà.<ref>{{cite book |last=Miller |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McEJCAAAQBAJ |title=James II (The English Monarchs Series) |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-300-08728-4 |pages=44–45 }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1673, nígbà Ogun Anglo-Dutch Kẹta, Anthony Colve ti ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ojú omi Dutch gba ìlú New York ní àṣẹ Cornelis Evertsen, ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ kékeré jùlọ, ó sì tún sọ ọ́ di “Oranje Tuntun” lẹ́yìn William. Kẹta, Ọmọ-alade Osan..<ref name="Roper2017">{{cite book |first=L. H. |last=Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8wnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 |title=Advancing Empire |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-107-11891-1 |page=215 }}</ref> Kò pẹ́ tí àwọn ará Netherlands fi dá erékùsù náà padà sí England lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Westminster ti oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1674.<ref>{{cite news |last=Van Luling |first=Todd |date=April 17, 2014 |title=8 Things Even New Yorkers Don't Know About New York City |work=[[HuffPost]] |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/17/new-york-history-facts_n_5107337.html |access-date=September 13, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Douglas |title=The Man Who Took Back New Netherland |url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/files/2813/5680/0659/Man_Who_Took_Back_NN.pdf |access-date=July 11, 2016 |publisher=[[New Netherland Institute]] |archive-date=July 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708102432/http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/files/2813/5680/0659/Man_Who_Took_Back_NN.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ogun ẹ̀yà láàárín àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà àti àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn tí ó wáyé nípasẹ̀ ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ará Yúróòpù fa àdánù ńlá fún àwọn ènìyàn Lenape láàárín ọdún 1660 sí 1670.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.penntreatymuseum.org/americans.php |title=Native Americans |publisher=Penn Treaty Museum |access-date=October 29, 2021 }}</ref> Nígbà tí ó fi di ọdún 1700, iye àwọn ènìyàn Lenape ti dín sí 200.<ref>[http://www.gothamcenter.org/ "Gotham Center for New York City History"] Timeline 1700–1800</ref> Ní New York, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn ibà ofeefee ní ọ̀rúndún 18, ó sì pàdánù ìdá mẹ́wàá nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1702 nìkan.<ref>{{cite web |first=Pedro |last=Nogueira |url=http://jdc.jefferson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=yellow_fever_symposium |title=The Early History of Yellow Fever (PDF) |publisher=[[Thomas Jefferson University]] |year=2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/fever-timeline-yellow-fever-america/ |title=Timeline – Yellow Fever in America |publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) |access-date=October 30, 2021 }}</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún, New York di ibi pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibùdó ìṣòwò gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan lára àkóso ìlú New York.<ref name="Foote2004">{{cite book |first=Thelma Wills |last=Foote |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu4VfJPRsl4C&pg=PA68 |title=Black and White Manhattan: The History of Racial Formation in Colonial New York City |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]], US |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-508809-0 |page=68 }}</ref> Ó di ibùdó ẹrú, pẹ̀lú 42% àwọn ìdílé tí ó sọ àwọn ará Áfíríkà di ẹrú ní ọdún 1730.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oltman |first=Adele |date=October 24, 2005 |title=The Hidden History of Slavery in New York |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/hidden-history-slavery-new-york |journal=[[The Nation]] |access-date=July 9, 2013 |archive-date=November 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130043006/https://www.thenation.com/article/hidden-history-slavery-new-york/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=November 30, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130043006/https://www.thenation.com/article/hidden-history-slavery-new-york/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ jẹ́ ẹrú ilé ; àwọn mìíràn ni a gbà síṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣìṣẹ́. Ìsìnrú di ohun tí ó so mọ́ ọrọ̀ ajé ìlú New York nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àwọn ẹrú jákèjádò èbúté náà, àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìfowópamọ́ àti ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí wọ́n ń ṣòwò pẹ̀lú Amẹ́ríkà Gúúsù . Nígbà tí wọ́n ń kọ́lé ní Foley Square ní ọdún 1990, wọ́n ṣàwárí Ibùsùn Àwọn Adúláwọ̀ ; ibojì náà ní 10,000 sí 20,000 ibojì àwọn ará Áfíríkà ìgbà ìjọba amúnisìn, àwọn kan tí wọ́n ti di ẹrú àti àwọn tí wọ́n ti di òmìnira.<ref name="AsanteMazama2005">{{cite book |first1=Molefi Kete |last1=Asante |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcBkDlJ7qjwC&pg=PA33 |title=Encyclopedia of Black Studies |first2=Ama |last2=Mazama |first3=Marie-José |last3=Cérol |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7619-2762-4 |page=33 }}</ref> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} {{USLargestCities}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìlú ní New York]] 6lmdwmtuzatww6jx091i17rhneqnla9 Kárbọ̀nù 0 13519 632032 613350 2026-08-19T15:55:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 5 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translate}} {{Infobox kárbọ̀nù}} [[Fáìlì:Element 6.webm|thumb|Kárbọ̀nù atomu ]] '''Kárbọ̀nù''' (láti {{lang-la|carbo}} "èédú") je [[chemical element|ipilese kemika]] to ni [[chemical symbol|ami-idamo]] '''C''' ati [[atomic number|nomba atomu]] 6. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkan nínú [[group 14|ẹgbẹ́ 14]] lórí [[tábìlì ìdásìkò àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì]], ó jẹ́ [[nonmetal|aláìjẹ́-mẹ́tàlì]] àti [[tetravalence|afagbáramẹ́rindìmú]]—èyí jẹ́ pé ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù mẹ́rin wà láti dá ìsopọ̀ kẹ́míkà [[covalent bond|àjọfagbáradìmú]]. Àwọn [[ísótòpù]] kárbọ̀nù mẹ́ta ni wọ́n wà fún ra wọn, [[Carbon-12|<sup>12</sup>C]] àti [[Carbon-13|<sup>13</sup>C]] jẹ́ dídúró, nígbàtí [[Carbon-14|<sup>14</sup>C]] jẹ́ [[radioactive|onítítànyindin]], tóúntúká díẹ̀díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[half-life|àsìkò àbọ̀-ìgbéayé]] tó tó bíi ọdún&nbsp;5,730.<ref name="isotopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/isot.html|title=Carbon&nbsp;– Naturally occurring isotopes|publisher=WebElements Periodic Table|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref> Kárbọ̀nù ni ìkan nínú àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì díẹ̀ tí wọ́n ti jẹ́ dídámọ̀ láti ìgbà àtijọ́.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chemicalelements.com/show/dateofdiscovery.html|title=Periodic Table: Date of Discovery|publisher=Chemical Elements.com|accessdate=2007-03-13}}</ref><ref name=D2>{{cite web|url=http://chemistry.about.com/library/das/aa030303a.htm|title=Timeline of Element Discovery|accessdate=2007-03-13}}{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> Orísi [[allotropes of carbon|àwọn álótrópù kárbọ̀nù]] lọ́wà tí èyí tó gbajúmọ̀ nínú wọn jẹ́ [[graphite|gráfáìt]], [[diamond|díámọ́ndì]], àti [[amorphous carbon|kárbọ̀nù àìlétòara]].<ref name="therm prop">{{cite web|url=http://invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/Carbonmod/point.html|title=World of Carbon&nbsp;– Interactive Nano-visulisation in Science &Engineering Edukation (IN-VSEE)|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref> Àwọn [[physical properties|ìní oníṣeẹ̀dá]] kárbọ̀nù yàtọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́bí irú álótrópù bá ṣe rí. Fún àpẹrẹ, díámọ́ndì jẹ́ [[Transparency (optics)|híhannú]], nígbàtí gráfáìt jẹ́ [[Opacity (optics)|dídinú]] tó sì dúdú. Díámọ́ndì jẹ́ ìkan nínú àwọn èròjà tó le jùlọ, nígbàtí gráfáìt jẹ́ dídẹra dáadáa tó bẹ̀ẹ̀ láti fi kọ ìwé. Díámọ́ndì ní [[electrical conductivity|ìgbéwọra oníṣetanná]] tó kéré gidi, nígbàtí gráfáìt jẹ́ [[Electrical conductor|olùgbéwọra]] tó dára gidigidi. Lábẹ́ àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ onídéédé, díámọ́ndì, [[carbon nanotube|nánótúbù kárbọ̀nù]] àti [[graphene|grafínnì]] ní [[thermal conductivity|ìgbéwọra onígbígbóná]] tó gajùlọ ní àrin [[List of thermal conductivities|àwọn èròjà tí a mọ̀]]. Gbogbo àwọn álótrópù kárbọ̀nù jẹ́ aláralíle ní abẹ́ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ onídéédé tí gráfáìt jẹ́ irú èyí tó jẹ́ dídúró jùlọ [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|níagbára onítigbígbóná]]. Wọ́n jẹ́ olódì sí kẹ́míkà bẹ́èsìni wọ́n fẹ́ ìgbónásí gíga láti túndaramọ́ra gan mọ́ ọ́ksíjìn. The most common [[oxidation state|Ipòàyè ìsọdiọ̀ksídì]] kárbọ̀nù nínú àwọn [[inorganic compounds|àdàpọ̀ aláìníọ́rgánì]] ni +4, nígbàtí +2 wà nínú [[carbon monoxide|mónọ́ksídì kárbọ̀nù]] àti àwọn [[transition metal|metali irekoja]] [[Metal carbonyl|karbonili]] miran. Orisun totobijulo karbonu alainiorgani ni [[limestone|okuta-efun]], [[dolomite|dolomaiti]] ati [[carbon dioxide|dioksidi karbonu]], sugbon opo re tun wa ninu awon ìwalẹ̀ oniorgani [[coal|èédú]], [[peat]], [[petroleum|epo petroliomu]] ati [[methane clathrate|klatarati methani]]. Karbonu se Carbon forms more [[chemical compound|adapo]] ju awon elimenti yiowu lo, bi milionu mewa [[organic compound|adapo oniorgani]] ogidi lo wa titi doni, sibe awon yi ko ju ida die lo ninu gbogbo iye iru adapo karbonu to se e se labe isele onideede.<ref name=lanl>{{cite web|author=Chemistry Operations|date=December 15, 2003|url=http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/6.html|title=Carbon|publisher=Los Alamos National Laboratory|accessdate=2008-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913063402/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/6.html|archivedate=2008-09-13|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Karbonu ni elimenti 15k [[Abundance of elements in Earth's crust|to gbalejulo]] ni inu iwule Aye, ati [[Abundance of the chemical elements|elimenti kerin to gbale julo ninu agbala-aye gegebi iye akojo]] leyin [[háídrójìn]], [[hílíọ̀mù]], ati [[ọ́ksíjìn]]. O wa ninu gbogbo iru eda ohun alaye, be sini ninu ara eniyan karbonu ni elimenti keji to gbalejulo gegebi iye akojo (bi 18.5%) leyin oksijin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/E/elbio.html|title=Biological Abundance of Elements|publisher=The Internet Encyclopedia of Science|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref> Igbale yi, lapapo mo ipinsorisirisi awon [[organic compound|adapo organiki]] ati agbara won lati da polimeri ni ibi igbonasi to wopo ni ile [[Earth|Aye]], so elimenti yi di ipile kemika gbogbo ohun elemi. ==Àwọn ìdámọ̀== [[File:Carbon basic phase diagram.png|thumb|left|Theoretically predicted phase diagram of carbon]] Àwọn orísi ìdá tàbí ''[[allotropes|álótrópù]]'' kárbọ̀nù (ẹ wo ìsàlẹ̀) ní nínú wọn ohun tó le jùlọ ní ìdáyé, [[diamond|díámọ̀ndì]], àti èyi tó jẹ́ ìkan nínú ohun rírọ̀ jùlọ, [[graphite|gráfáìtì]]. Bákannáà, ó ní ìfẹ́ fún [[chemical bond|ìsopọ̀]] mọ́ àwọn [[átọ̀mù]] kékeré míràn, bíi àwọn átọ̀mù kárbọ̀nù míràn, ó sí le dá ọ̀pọ̀ [[ìsopọ̀ àjọfagbáradìmú]] afẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀ mọ́ àwọn átọ̀mú báyìí. Nítorí ẹ̀yí, kárbọ̀nù le dá orísirísi àdàpọ̀ tó pọ̀ tó mílíọ́mù mẹ́ẹ̀wá; ogunlọ́gọ̀ gbogbo àwọn [[chemical compounds|àdápọ̀ kẹ́míkà]].<ref name=lanl/> Carbon also has the highest [[sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]] point of all elements. At [[atmospheric pressure]] it has no melting point as its [[triple point]] is at 10.8 ± 0.2&nbsp;MPa and 4,600 ± 300 K (~4,330 °C or 7,820 °F),<ref name=triple2/><ref name=triple3/> so it sublimates at about 3,900&nbsp;K.<ref name="triple">{{cite journal|journal=Nature|volume=276|pages=695–696|year=1978|doi=10.1038/276695a0|title=The controversial carbon solid−liquid−vapour triple point|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1978-12-14_276_5689/page/695|first=A.|last=Greenville Whittaker|issue=5689|bibcode=1978Natur.276..695W }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://lbruno.home.cern.ch/lbruno/documents/Bibliography/LHC_Note_78.pdf|title=On Graphite Transformations at High Temperature and Pressure Induced by Absorption of the LHC Beam|first=J. M.|last=Zazula|year=1997|accessdate=2009-06-06|publisher=CERN|archivedate=2009-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325230751/http://lbruno.home.cern.ch/lbruno/documents/Bibliography/LHC_Note_78.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Carbon sublimes in a carbon arc which has a temperature of about 5,800 K (5,530 °C; 9,980 °F). Thus, irrespective of its allotropic form, carbon remains solid at higher temperatures than the highest melting point metals such as [[tungsten]] or [[rhenium]]. Although thermodynamically prone to oxidation, carbon resists oxidation more effectively than elements such as iron and copper that are weaker reducing agents at room temperature. Carbon compounds form the basis of all known life on [[Earth]], and the [[CNO cycle|carbon-nitrogen cycle]] provides some of the energy produced by the [[Sun]] and other stars. Although it forms an extraordinary variety of compounds, most forms of carbon are comparatively unreactive under normal conditions. At standard temperature and pressure, it resists all but the strongest oxidizers. It does not react with [[sulfuric acid]], [[hydrochloric acid]], [[chlorine]] or any alkalis. At elevated temperatures carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon oxides, and will reduce such metal oxides as iron oxide to the metal. This [[exothermic]] reaction is used in the iron and steel industry to control the carbon content of steel: :{{chem|Fe|3|O|4}} + 4 C<sub>(s)</sub> → 3 Fe<sub>(s)</sub> + 4 CO<sub>(g)</sub> with [[sulfur]] to form [[carbon disulfide]] and with steam in the coal-gas reaction: :C<sub>(s)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub> → CO<sub>(g)</sub> + H<sub>2(g)</sub>. Carbon combines with some metals at high temperatures to form metallic carbides, such as the iron carbide [[cementite]] in steel, and [[tungsten carbide]], widely used as an [[abrasive]] and for making hard tips for cutting tools. As of 2009, [[graphene]] appears to be the strongest material ever tested.<ref name=lee>{{cite journal|first=C.|last=Lee|title=Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene|journal=Science|volume=321|year=2008|page=385|laysummary=http://www.aip.org/isns/reports/2008/027.html|pmid=18635798|doi=10.1126/science.1157996|last2=Wei|first2=X.|last3=Kysar|first3=J. W.|last4=Hone|first4=J.|issue=5887|bibcode=2008Sci...321..385L|pages=385–8}}{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> However, the process of separating it from [[graphite]] will require some technological development before it is economical enough to be used in industrial processes.<ref name="nypost">{{cite web|url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/08252008/news/regionalnews/toughest_stuff__known_to_man_125993.htm|title=Toughest Stuff Known to Man : Discovery Opens Door to Space Elevator|first=Bill|last=Sanderson|publisher=nypost.com|date=2008-08-25|accessdate=2008-10-09|archive-date=2008-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906171324/http://www.nypost.com/seven/08252008/news/regionalnews/toughest_stuff__known_to_man_125993.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> The system of carbon allotropes spans a range of extremes: {|class="wikitable" |style="width: 50%;"|Synthetic [[Aggregated diamond nanorod|nanocrystalline diamond]] is the hardest material known.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Irifune|first1=Tetsuo|last2=Kurio|first2=Ayako|last3=Sakamoto|first3=Shizue|last4=Inoue|first4=Toru|last5=Sumiya|first5=Hitoshi|title=Materials: Ultrahard polycrystalline diamond from graphite|journal=Nature|volume=421|pages=599–600|year=2003|doi=10.1038/421599b|pmid=12571587|issue=6923}}</ref> |Graphite is one of the softest materials known. |- |Diamond is the ultimate [[abrasive]]. |Graphite is a very good [[lubricant]], displaying [[superlubricity]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Superlubricity of Graphite|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.126101|url=http://www.physics.leidenuniv.nl/sections/cm/ip/group/PDF/Phys.rev.lett/2004/92(2004)12601.pdf|year=2004|last1=Dienwiebel|first1=Martin|last2=Verhoeven|first2=Gertjan|last3=Pradeep|first3=Namboodiri|last4=Frenken|first4=Joost|last5=Heimberg|first5=Jennifer|last6=Zandbergen|first6=Henny|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=92|issue=12}}</ref> |- |Diamond is an excellent electrical [[Insulator (electrical)|insulator]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Collins|first=A.T.|title=The Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Diamond|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A]]|volume=342|pages=233–244|year=1993|doi=10.1098/rsta.1993.0017|issue=1664|bibcode=1993RSPTA.342..233C }}</ref> |Graphite is a [[Electrical conductor|conductor]] of electricity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deprez|first1=N.|last2=McLachan|first2=D. S.|year=1988|title=The analysis of the electrical conductivity of graphite conductivity of graphite powders during compaction|journal=[[Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics]]|volume=21|issue=1|pages=101|publisher=[[Institute of Physics]]|doi=10.1088/0022-3727/21/1/015|bibcode=1988JPhD...21..101D }}</ref> |- |Diamond is the best known naturally occurring [[List of thermal conductivities|thermal conductor]] |Some forms of graphite are used for [[thermal insulation]] (i.e. firebreaks and heat shields) |- |Diamond is highly transparent. |Graphite is [[Opacity (optics)|opaque]]. |- |Diamond crystallizes in the [[cubic (crystal system)|cubic system]]. |Graphite crystallizes in the [[hexagonal (crystal system)|hexagonal system]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Graphite and Precursors|author=Delhaes, P.|publisher=CRC Press|year=2001|url=http://books.google.com/?id=7p2pgNOWPbEC&pg=PA146|isbn=90-5699-228-7}}</ref> |- |Amorphous carbon is completely [[isotropic]]. |Carbon nanotubes are among the most [[anisotropic]] materials ever produced. |} ===Allotropes=== {{main|Àwọn álótrópù kárbọ̀nù}} [[Atomic carbon]] is a very short-lived species and, therefore, carbon is stabilized in various multi-atomic structures with different molecular configurations called [[allotropes]]. The three relatively well-known allotropes of carbon are [[amorphous carbon]], [[graphite]], and [[diamond]]. Once considered exotic, [[fullerene]]s are nowadays commonly synthesized and used in research; they include [[buckyball]]s,<ref name="Unwin-2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/projects/unwin/Fullerenes.html |access-date=2007-12-08 |url-status=live |title=Fullerenes(An Overview) |author=Unwin, Peter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201165240/http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/projects/unwin/Fullerenes.html |archive-date=2007-12-01}}</ref><ref name="nanotubes">{{cite book|editor=Ebbesen, T. W.|year=1997|title=Carbon nanotubes—preparation and properties|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, Florida|isbn=0-8493-9602-6}}</ref> [[carbon nanotube]]s,<ref name="nanotubes2">{{cite journal|editor=Dresselhaus, M. S.; Dresselhaus, G.; Avouris, Ph.|year=2001|title=Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structures, properties and applications|journal=Topics in Applied Physics|volume=80|isbn=3-540-41086-4|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin}}</ref> [[carbon nanobud]]s<ref name="nanobuds">{{cite journal|year=2007|title=A novel hybrid carbon material|journal=Nature Nanotechnology|volume=2|pages=156–161|doi=10.1038/nnano.2007.37|last1=Nasibulin|first1=Albert G.|pmid=18654245|last2=Pikhitsa|first2=P. V.|last3=Jiang|first3=H.|last4=Brown|first4=D. P.|last5=Krasheninnikov|first5=A. V.|last6=Anisimov|first6=A. S.|last7=Queipo|first7=P.|last8=Moisala|first8=A.|last9=Gonzalez|first9=D.|issue=3|bibcode=2007NatNa...2..156N }}</ref> and [[carbon nanofibers|nanofibers]].<ref>{{cite journal|year=2007|title=Investigations of NanoBud formation|journal=Chemical Physics Letters|volume=446|pages=109–114|doi=10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.050|last1=Nasibulin|first1=A|last2=Anisimov|first2=Anton S.|last3=Pikhitsa|first3=Peter V.|last4=Jiang|first4=Hua|last5=Brown|first5=David P.|last6=Choi|first6=Mansoo|last7=Kauppinen|first7=Esko I.|bibcode=2007CPL...446..109N }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|year=2004|title=Synthesis and characterisation of carbon nanofibers with macroscopic shaping formed by catalytic decomposition of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> over nickel catalyst|journal=Applied Catalysis A|volume=274|pages=1–8|doi=10.1016/j.apcata.2004.04.008|author=Vieira, R|last2=Ledoux|first2=Marc-Jacques|last3=Pham-Huu|first3=Cuong}}</ref> Several other exotic allotropes have also been discovered, such as [[lonsdaleite]],<ref name="lonsdaletite">{{cite journal|year=1967|title=Lonsdaleite, a new hexagonal polymorph of diamond|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1967-05-06_214_5088/page/587|journal=Nature|volume=214|pages=587–589|doi=10.1038/214587a0|first=Frondel|last=Clifford|last2=Marvin|first2=Ursula B.|issue=5088|bibcode=1967Natur.214..587F }}</ref> [[glassy carbon]],<ref name="Harris-2004">{{cite journal |url=http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~powles/PDFs/Harris_2004.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=2011-07-06 |title=Fullerene-related structure of commercial glassy carbons |author=Harris, PJF |date=2004 |journal=Philosophical Magazine |volume=84 |pages=3159–3167 |doi=10.1080/14786430410001720363 |issue=29 |bibcode=2004PMag...84.3159H |citeseerx=10.1.1.359.5715 |s2cid=220342075 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319054641/http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~powles/PDFs/Harris_2004.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-19 |archivedate=2012-03-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319054641/http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~powles/PDFs/Harris_2004.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[carbon nanofoam]]<ref>{{cite journal|year=1999|title=Structural analysis of a carbon foam formed by high pulse-rate laser ablation|journal=Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing|volume=69|pages=S755–S758|doi=10.1007/s003390051522|author=Rode, A. V.|last2=Hyde|first2=S. T.|last3=Gamaly|first3=E. G.|last4=Elliman|first4=R. G.|last5=McKenzie|first5=D. R.|last6=Bulcock|first6=S.|issue=7}}</ref> and [[linear acetylenic carbon]] (carbyne).<ref name=LAC>{{cite book|author=Heimann, Robert Bertram; Evsyukov, Sergey E. and Kavan, Ladislav|title=Carbyne and carbynoid structures|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=swSQZcTmo_4C&pg=PA1|accessdate=6 July 2011|date=28 February 1999|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-7923-5323-2|pages=1–}}</ref> The [[amorphous]] form is an assortment of carbon atoms in a non-crystalline, irregular, glassy state, which is essentially [[graphite]] but not held in a crystalline macrostructure. It is present as a powder, and is the main constituent of substances such as [[charcoal]], [[lampblack]] ([[soot]]) and [[activated carbon]]. At normal pressures carbon takes the form of [[graphite]], in which each atom is bonded trigonally to three others in a plane composed of fused [[hexagon]]al rings, just like those in [[aromatic hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>{{cite book|title=The polymorphism of elements and compounds|last=Jenkins|first=Edgar|year=1973|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0-423-87500-0|page=30|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XNYOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA30|accessdate=2011-05-01}}</ref> The resulting network is 2-dimensional, and the resulting flat sheets are stacked and loosely bonded through weak [[van der Waals force]]s.<!-- no evidence for upper case van der Waals; see [[Talk:Van der Waals#Van should be capitalized unless preceded by first name]] rebuttal --> This gives graphite its softness and its [[Cleavage (crystal)|cleaving]] properties (the sheets slip easily past one another). Because of the delocalization of one of the outer electrons of each atom to form a [[Delocalized electron|π-cloud]], graphite conducts [[electricity]], but only in the plane of each [[covalent bond|covalently bonded]] sheet. This results in a lower bulk [[electrical conductivity]] for carbon than for most [[metals]]. The delocalization also accounts for the energetic stability of graphite over diamond at room temperature. [[File:Eight Allotropes of Carbon.png|thumb|300px|Some allotropes of carbon: a) [[diamond]]; b) [[graphite]]; c) [[lonsdaleite]]; d–f) [[fullerene]]s (C<sub>60</sub>, C<sub>540</sub>, C<sub>70</sub>); g) [[amorphous carbon]]; h) [[carbon nanotube]].]] At very high pressures carbon forms the more compact allotrope [[diamond]], having nearly twice the density of graphite. Here, each atom is bonded [[tetrahedron|tetrahedrally]] to four others, thus making a 3-dimensional network of puckered six-membered rings of atoms. Diamond has the same [[cubic crystal system|cubic structure]] as [[silicon]] and [[germanium]] and because of the strength of the carbon-carbon [[chemical bond|bonds]], it is the hardest naturally occurring substance [[Mohs scale|in terms of resistance to scratching]]. Contrary to the popular belief that ''"[[Diamonds Are Forever (novel)|diamonds are forever]]"'', they are in fact thermodynamically unstable under normal conditions and transform into [[graphite]].<ref name="therm prop"/> However, due to a high activation energy barrier, the transition into graphite is so extremely slow at room temperature as to be unnoticeable. Under some conditions, carbon crystallizes as [[lonsdaleite]]. This form has a [[hexagonal]] [[crystal]] lattice where all atoms are covalently bonded. Therefore, all properties of lonsdaleite are close to those of diamond.<ref name="lonsdaletite"/> [[Fullerene]]s have a graphite-like structure, but instead of purely [[hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]] packing, they also contain pentagons (or even heptagons) of carbon atoms, which bend the sheet into spheres, ellipses or cylinders. The properties of fullerenes (split into [[buckyball]]s, [[carbon nanotube|buckytube]]s and [[nanobud]]s) have not yet been fully analyzed and represent an intense area of research in [[nanomaterials]]. The names ''"fullerene"'' and ''"buckyball"'' are given after [[Buckminster Fuller|Richard Buckminster Fuller]], popularizer of [[geodesic dome]]s, which resemble the structure of fullerenes. The buckyballs are fairly large molecules formed completely of carbon bonded trigonally, forming [[spheroid]]s (the best-known and simplest is the soccerball-shaped C<sub>60</sub> [[buckminsterfullerene]]).<ref name="Unwin-2007"/> Carbon nanotubes are structurally similar to buckyballs, except that each atom is bonded trigonally in a curved sheet that forms a hollow [[cylinder (geometry)|cylinder]].<ref name="nanotubes"/><ref name="nanotubes2"/> Nanobuds were first reported in 2007 and are hybrid bucky tube/buckyball materials (buckyballs are covalently bonded to the outer wall of a nanotube) that combine the properties of both in a single structure.<ref name="nanobuds"/> Of the other discovered allotropes, [[carbon nanofoam]] is a [[ferromagnetic]] allotrope discovered in 1997. It consists of a low-density cluster-assembly of carbon atoms strung together in a loose three-dimensional web, in which the atoms are bonded trigonally in six- and seven-membered rings. It is among the lightest known solids, with a density of about 2&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.aip.org/pnu/2004/split/678-1.html|title=Carbon Nanofoam is the World's First Pure Carbon Magnet|volume=678|issue=1|date=March 26, 2004|author=Schewe, Phil and Stein, Ben|journal=Physics News Update|access-date=December 9, 2012|archivedate=March 7, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307104655/http://www.aip.org/pnu/2004/split/678-1.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Similarly, [[glassy carbon]] contains a high proportion of closed [[porosity]],<ref name="Harris-2004"/> but contrary to normal graphite, the graphitic layers are not stacked like pages in a book, but have a more random arrangement. [[Linear acetylenic carbon]]<ref name=LAC/> has the chemical structure<ref name="LAC"/> -(C:::C)<sub>n</sub>-. Carbon in this modification is linear with ''sp'' [[orbital hybridization]], and is a [[polymer]] with alternating single and triple bonds. This type of carbyne is of considerable interest to [[nanotechnology]] as its [[Young's modulus]] is forty times that of the hardest known material&nbsp;– diamond.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Harder than Diamond: Determining the Cross-Sectional Area and Young's Modulus of Molecular Rods|author=Itzhaki, Lior|doi=10.1002/ange.200502448|journal=Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.|year=2005|volume=44|page=7432|last2=Altus|first2=Eli|last3=Basch|first3=Harold|last4=Hoz|first4=Shmaryahu|pmid=16240306|issue=45|pages=7432–5}}</ref> ===Occurrence=== [[File:GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg|thumb|Graphite ore]] [[File:Rough diamond.jpg|thumb|Raw diamond crystal.]] [[File:Annual mean sea surface dissolved inorganic carbon for the 1990s (GLODAP).png|thumb|"Present day" (1990s) sea surface [[Total inorganic carbon|dissolved inorganic carbon]] concentration (from the [[Global Ocean Data Analysis Project|GLODAP]] [[climatology]])]] Carbon is the [[Abundance of the chemical elements|fourth most abundant chemical element]] in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon is abundant in the [[Sun]], [[star]]s, [[comet]]s, and in the [[celestial body's atmosphere|atmospheres]] of most [[planet]]s. Some [[meteorite]]s contain microscopic diamonds that were formed when the [[solar system]] was still a [[protoplanetary disk]]. Microscopic diamonds may also be formed by the intense pressure and high temperature at the sites of meteorite impacts.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mark, Kathleen|year=1987|title=Meteorite Craters|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=0-8165-0902-6}}</ref> In combination with [[oxygen]] in [[carbon dioxide]], carbon is found in the Earth's atmosphere (approximately 810&nbsp;[[gigatonne]]s of carbon) and dissolved in all water bodies (approximately 36,000&nbsp;gigatonnes of carbon). Around 1,900&nbsp;gigatonnes of carbon are present in the [[biosphere]]. [[Hydrocarbons]] (such as [[coal]], [[petroleum]], and [[natural gas]]) contain carbon as well—[[coal]] [[Mineral resource classification|"reserves" (not "resources")]] amount to around 900&nbsp;gigatonnes, and [[oil reserves]] around 150&nbsp;gigatonnes. Proven sources of natural gas are about 175&nbsp;10<sup>12</sup> cubic metres (representing about 105 gigatonnes carbon), but it is estimated that there are also about 900&nbsp;10<sup>12</sup> cubic metres of "unconventional" gas such as [[shale gas]], representing about 540 gigatonnes of carbon.<ref>[http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20627641.100-wonderfuel-welcome-to-the-age-of-unconventional-gas.html?full=true "Wonderfuel: Welcome to the age of unconventional gas"] by Helen Knight, ''[[New Scientist]]'', 12 June 2010, pp. 44–7.</ref> (In the past, quantities of hydrocarbons were greater. In the period from 1751 to 2008 about 347 gigatonnes of carbon were released as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere from burning of fossil fuels.<ref>Calculated from file global.1751_2008.csv in [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp030/CSV-FILES] from the [[Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center]].</ref>) Carbon is also locked up as [[methane]] and [[methane hydrates]] in polar regions. It is estimated that at least 1,400 [[gigatonne|Gt]] of carbon is in this form just in (and under) the submarine [[permafrost]] of the [[Siberian Shelf]].<ref>N. Shakhova, I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, D. Kosmach (2008), [http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/01526/EGU2008-A-01526.pdf Anomalies of methane in the atmosphere over the East Siberian shelf: Is there any sign of methane leakage from shallow shelf hydrates?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222144303/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/01526/EGU2008-A-01526.pdf |date=2012-12-22 }}, [[European Geosciences Union|EGU]] General Assembly 2008, ''Geophysical Research Abstracts'', '''10''', EGU2008-A-01526</ref> Carbon is a major component in very large masses of [[carbonate]] rock ([[limestone]], [[dolomite]], [[marble]] and so on). [[Coal]] is the largest commercial source of mineral carbon, accounting for 4,000&nbsp;gigatonnes or 80% of fossil carbon fuel.<ref>{{cite journal|first=James|last=Kasting|year=1998|title=The Carbon Cycle, Climate, and the Long-Term Effects of Fossil Fuel Burning|journal=Consequences: the Nature and Implication of Environmental Change|volume=4|url=http://gcrio.org/CONSEQUENCES/vol4no1/carbcycle.html|issue=1|access-date=2012-12-09|archivedate=2008-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024152448/http://gcrio.org/CONSEQUENCES/vol4no1/carbcycle.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> It is also rich in carbon – for example, [[anthracite]] contains 92–98%.<ref>{{cite book|title=Coal Mining Technology: Theory and Practice|author=Stefanenko, R.|publisher=Society for Mining Metallurgy|year=1983|isbn=0-89520-404-5}}</ref> As for individual carbon allotropes, graphite is found in large quantities in the [[United States]] (mostly in [[New York]] and [[Texas]]), [[Russia]], [[Mexico]], [[Greenland]], and [[India]]. Natural diamonds occur in the rock [[kimberlite]], found in ancient [[volcano|volcanic]] "necks", or "pipes". Most diamond deposits are in [[Africa]], notably in [[South Africa]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], the [[Republic of the Congo]], and [[Sierra Leone]]. There are also deposits in [[Arkansas]], [[Canada]], the Russian [[Arctic]], [[Brazil]] and in Northern and Western [[Australia]]. Diamonds are now also being recovered from the ocean floor off the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. However, though diamonds are found naturally, about 30% of all industrial diamonds used in the U.S. are now made synthetically. Carbon-14 is formed in upper layers of the troposphere and the stratosphere, at altitudes of 9–15&nbsp;km, by a reaction that is precipitated by [[cosmic ray]]s.<ref>[http://www.acad.carleton.edu/curricular/BIOL/classes/bio302/pages/carbondatingback.html Carbon-14 formation]</ref> [[Thermal neutron]]s are produced that collide with the nuclei of nitrogen-14, forming carbon-14 and a proton. ===Isotopes=== {{main|Isotopes of carbon}} [[Isotope]]s of carbon are [[atomic nucleus|atomic nuclei]] that contain six [[proton]]s plus a number of [[neutron]]s (varying from 2 to 16). Carbon has two stable, naturally occurring [[isotope]]s.<ref name="isotopes"/> The isotope [[carbon-12]] (<sup>12</sup>C) forms 98.93% of the carbon on Earth, while [[carbon-13]] (<sup>13</sup>C) forms the remaining 1.07%.<ref name="isotopes"/> The concentration of <sup>12</sup>C is further increased in biological materials because biochemical reactions discriminate against <sup>13</sup>C.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gannes|first=Leonard Z.|last2=Del Rio|first2=Carlos Martı́nez|last3=Koch|first3=Paul|title=Natural Abundance Variations in Stable Isotopes and their Potential Uses in Animal Physiological Ecology|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_comparative-biochemistry-and-physiology-part-a_1998-03_119a_3/page/725|journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology&nbsp;– Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology|volume=119|issue=3|pages=725–737|year=1998|doi=10.1016/S1095-6433(98)01016-2}}</ref> In 1961, the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) adopted the isotope [[carbon-12]] as the basis for [[atomic weight]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bipm.org/en/si/base_units/|title=Official SI Unit definitions|accessdate=2007-12-21}}</ref> Identification of carbon in [[NMR]] experiments is done with the isotope <sup>13</sup>C. [[Carbon-14]] (<sup>14</sup>C) is a naturally occurring [[radioisotope]] which occurs in trace amounts on Earth of up to 1 part per [[10^12|trillion]] (0.0000000001%), mostly confined to the atmosphere and superficial deposits, particularly of [[peat]] and other organic materials.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Tom|date=March 1, 2006|url=http://www.llnl.gov/str/March06/Brown.html|title=Carbon Goes Full Circle in the Amazon|publisher=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|accessdate=2007-11-25}}</ref> This isotope decays by 0.158 MeV [[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup> emission]]. Because of its relatively short [[half-life]] of 5730&nbsp;years, <sup>14</sup>C is virtually absent in ancient rocks, but is created in the [[upper atmosphere]] (lower [[stratosphere]] and upper [[troposphere]]) by interaction of [[nitrogen]] with [[cosmic ray]]s.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bowman, S.|first=S.|last=Bowman|year=1990|title=Interpreting the past: Radiocarbon dating|publisher=British Museum Press|isbn=0-7141-2047-2}}</ref> The abundance of <sup>14</sup>C in the [[atmosphere]] and in living organisms is almost constant, but decreases predictably in their bodies after death. This principle is used in [[radiocarbon dating]], invented in 1949, which has been used extensively to determine the age of carbonaceous materials with ages up to about 40,000&nbsp;years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Libby|first=W. F.|year=1952|title=Radiocarbon dating|publisher=Chicago University Press and references therein}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Westgren|first=A.|year=1960|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1960/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=2007-11-25}}</ref> There are 15 known isotopes of carbon and the shortest-lived of these is <sup>8</sup>C which decays through [[proton emission]] and [[alpha decay]] and has a half-life of 1.98739x10<sup>−21</sup> [[Second|s]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://barwinski.net/isotopes/query_select.php|title=Use query for carbon-8|accessdate=2007-12-21|publisher=barwinski.net}}</ref> The exotic <sup>19</sup>C exhibits a [[nuclear halo]], which means its [[radius]] is appreciably larger than would be expected if the [[Atomic nucleus|nucleus]] were a [[sphere]] of constant [[density]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/286/5437/28?ck=nck|title=Beaming Into the Dark Corners of the Nuclear Kitchen|doi=10.1126/science.286.5437.28|pages=28–31|year=1999|last1=Watson|first1=A.|journal=Science|volume=286|issue=5437}}</ref> ===Formation in stars=== {{main|Triple-alpha process|CNO cycle}} Formation of the carbon atomic nucleus requires a nearly simultaneous triple collision of [[alpha particle]]s ([[helium]] nuclei) within the core of a [[giant star|giant]] or [[supergiant]] star which is known as the [[triple-alpha process]], as the products of further nuclear fusion reactions of helium with hydrogen or another helium nucleus produce [[isotopes of lithium|lithium-5]] and [[isotopes of beryllium|beryllium-8]] respectively, both of which are highly unstable and decay almost instantly back into smaller nuclei.<ref name="Audi">{{cite journal|last1=Audi|first1=G|doi=10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00482-X|title=The Nubase evaluation of nuclear and decay properties|year=1997|page=1|volume=624|journal=Nuclear Physics A|url=http://amdc.in2p3.fr/nubase/nubase97.pdf|bibcode=1997NuPhA.624....1A|last2=Bersillon|first2=O.|last3=Blachot|first3=J.|last4=Wapstra|first4=A.H.}}</ref> This happens in conditions of temperatures over 100 megakelvin and helium concentration that the rapid expansion and cooling of the early universe prohibited, and therefore no significant carbon was created during the [[Big Bang]]. Instead, the interiors of stars in the [[H-R diagram|horizontal branch]] transform three helium nuclei into carbon by means of this [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name=" Ostlie" >{{cite book|author=Ostlie, D.A. and Carroll, B.W. |title=An Introduction to Modern Stellar Astrophysics|publisher=Addison Wesley, San Francisco|year=2007|isbn=0-8053-0348-0}}</ref> In order to be available for formation of life as we know it, this carbon must then later be scattered into space as dust, in [[supernovae|supernova]] explosions, as part of the material which later forms second, third-generation star systems which have planets accreted from such dust.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Whittet|first=D. C. B.|year=2003|title=Dust in the Galactic Environment|pages=45–46|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|isbn=0-7503-0624-6}}</ref> The [[Solar System]] is one such [[Metallicity|third-generation star]] system. Another of the fusion mechanisms powering stars is the [[CNO cycle]], in which carbon acts as a [[catalyst]] to allow the reaction to proceed. Rotational transitions of various isotopic forms of carbon monoxide (for example, <sup>12</sup>CO, <sup>13</sup>CO, and C<sup>18</sup>O) are detectable in the [[submillimetre astronomy|submillimeter]] wavelength range, and are used in the study of [[Star formation|newly forming stars]] in [[molecular clouds]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Pikelʹner, Solomon Borisovich|title=Star formation|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qbGLgcxnfpIC&pg=PA38|accessdate=6 July 2011|year=1977|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-277-0796-3|pages=38–}}</ref> ===Carbon cycle=== {{main|Carbon cycle}} [[File:Carbon cycle-cute diagram.svg|thumb|300px|Diagram of the carbon cycle. The black numbers indicate how much carbon is stored in various reservoirs, in billions tonnes ("GtC" stands for gigatonnes of carbon; figures are circa 2004). The purple numbers indicate how much carbon moves between reservoirs each year. The sediments, as defined in this diagram, do not include the ~70&nbsp;million GtC of carbonate rock and [[kerogen]].]] Under terrestrial conditions, conversion of one element to another is very rare. Therefore, the amount of carbon on Earth is effectively constant. Thus, processes that use carbon must obtain it somewhere and dispose of it somewhere else. The paths that carbon follows in the environment make up the [[carbon cycle]]. For example, plants draw [[carbon dioxide]] out of their environment and use it to build biomass, as in [[carbon respiration]] or the [[Calvin cycle]], a process of [[carbon fixation]]. Some of this biomass is eaten by animals, whereas some carbon is exhaled by animals as carbon dioxide. The carbon cycle is considerably more complicated than this short loop; for example, some carbon dioxide is dissolved in the oceans; dead plant or animal matter may become [[petroleum]] or [[coal]], which can burn with the release of carbon, should bacteria not consume it.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Science|year=2000|volume=290|issue=5490|pages=291–296|doi=10.1126/science.290.5490.291|title=The Global Carbon Cycle: A Test of Our Knowledge of Earth as a System|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2000-10-13_290_5490/page/291|pmid=11030643|last1=Falkowski|first1=P.|last2=Scholes|first2=RJ|last3=Boyle|first3=E|last4=Canadell|first4=J|last5=Canfield|first5=D|last6=Elser|first6=J|last7=Gruber|first7=N|last8=Hibbard|first8=K|last9=Högberg|first9=P|bibcode=2000Sci...290..291F }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF01104986|title=The global terrestrial carbon cycle|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_water-air-and-soil-pollution_1993-10_70_1-4/page/19|year=1993|last1=Smith|first1=T. M.|last2=Cramer|first2=W. P.|last3=Dixon|first3=R. K.|last4=Leemans|first4=R.|last5=Neilson|first5=R. P.|last6=Solomon|first6=A. M.|journal=Water, Air, & Soil Pollution|volume=70|pages=19–37}}</ref> {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{reflist}} {{Compact periodic table}} {{Àwọn álótrópù kárbọ̀nù}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Kárbọ̀nù| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì kẹ́míkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn aláìjẹ́-mẹ́tàlì]] eiffj1toauo7fjejxcl18tlb4v3pci8 Sílíkọ́nù 0 13526 632192 544321 2026-08-19T20:09:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sílíkọ́nù}} '''Sílíkọ́nù''', tí èdè ìperí rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ ''' [[tetravalent]] [[metalloid]]''', ni ó jẹ́ [[kẹ́míkà]] tí ó bí àmì '''Si''' tí [[atomic number]] rẹ̀ jẹ́ mẹ́rìnlá. Sílíkọ́nù kìí sábà á gbéra tó àwọn èròjà inú rẹ̀ bíi ''analog [[carbon]]''. Wọ́n ṣàwárí sílíkọ́nù fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1823, wọ́n sì fun ní orúkọ rẹ̀ ''Sílíkọ́nù'' ní ọdún 1808 láti ara (flang {{lang-la|silicis}}, flints), àti '''-ium''' , ọ̀rọ̀ tí gbẹ̀yìn yí ninú orúkọ rẹ̀ ni ó ń túmọ̀ wípé ẹ̀yà [[irin]] ni. Lẹ́yìn èyí, wọ́n fun ní orúkọ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1817. Sílíkọ́nù yí ni ó ṣìkẹ́jọ nínú àwọn ohun àmúṣọrọ̀ àlùmọ́nì jùlọ lágbàáyé, amọ́ kò wọ́pọ̀ láti rí. Àwọn ayè tí a ti lè ṣe alábala-pàdé rẹ̀ ni àwọn bíi: [[eruku]], [[iyẹ̀pẹ̀]] ,[[planetoid]] àti inú àwọn ìgbàjà ahòho [[sánmọ̀]] (planets). Ó ma ń wà gẹ́gẹ́ bí silixon dioxide tàbí silicates, nígbà tí ó jẹ́ wípé ìdá àádọ́rùn orí ilẹ̀ àgbáyé ni ó ní èròjà silicates minerals tí ó sì mú kí sílíkọ́nù ó ya mùrá ní orí-ilẹ̀ ayé lẹ́yìn afẹ́fẹ́ [[oxygen]].<ref>Nave, R. [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/elabund.html Abundances of the Elements in the Earth's Crust], Georgia State University</ref> ==Ìlò Sílíkọ́nù== Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn tí wọ́n ń ṣe àmúlò sílíkọ́nù ni wọn kìí sábà ń yàá-sọ́tọ̀ kúrò lára àwọn èròjà ilẹ̀ tí ó ba wá ṣáájú kí wọ́n tó lòó, . Lára àwọn ohun tí wọ́n ma ń lo sílíkọ́nù fún ni pípèsè ohun ìkọ́lé bíi [[amọ̀]], iyẹ̀fun sílíkọ́nù fún bíríkì ìkọ́lé. Wọ́n tún ma ń po èròjà sílíkọ́nù mọ́ iyẹ̀fun [[símẹ́ntì]] láti fi ṣe kọnkéré [[ilé]]. Sílíkọ́nù tún ma ń ní àwọ̀ funfun bíi [[ceramic]]. Àwọn èròjà inú sílíkọ́nù ayé òde-òní ni [[silicon carbide]] tí ó ní agbára láti di sẹ̀rámíìkì tí ó nípọn gidi. Sílíkọ́nù ṣe pàtàkì nínú ìsesí ilẹ̀ àti ewéko, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé ìwọ̀nba diẹ̀ nínú èròjà sílíkọ́nù ni àwọn [[ẹranko]] nílò. <ref name="Niels">{{cite journal|doi = 10.1146/annurev.nu.04.070184.000321|pages =21–41|journal = Annual Review of Nutrition|volume = 4|year = 1984|title = Ultratrace Elements in Nutrition|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-nutrition_1984_4/page/21|first = Forrest H.|last = Nielsen|pmid = 6087860|last1 = Nielsen|first1 = FH}}</ref> Bákan náà ni ìgbì àti ìdì [[omi]] bí [[omi òkun]] nílò sílíkọ́nù láti lara jọ, pàá pàá jùlọ àwọ ewéko orí omi. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Àwọn itọ́ka sí == {{reflist}} {{Compact periodic table}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Sílíkọ́nù| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì kẹ́míkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn mẹ́tálọ́ìdì]] 97r5jf5xjajvce71p64aeflkbhdq722 Boolu-afesegba 0 14337 632183 599368 2026-08-19T19:53:11Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ infobox sport | image = Football in Bloomington, Indiana, 1995.jpg | imagesize = 250px | caption = An attacking player (No. 10) attempts to kick the ball past the goalkeeper and between the goalposts to score a goal | union = [[FIFA]] | nickname = Football, soccer, ''futbol''<!-- Commonly used in the USA to differentiate from American football (known as football) -->, footy/footie, "the beautiful game" | first = Mid-19th century England | registered = | clubs = | contact = Yes | team = 11 per side | mgender = Yes, separate competitions | category = [[Team sport]], [[Ball game|ball sport]] | equipment = [[Football (ball)|Football]] | venue = [[Association football pitch|Football pitch]] | olympic = [[1900 Summer Olympics|1900]] }} = Kini Bọ́ọ̀lù-àfẹsègbá tabi Rogodo-àfẹsègbá? = {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=400|align=right|direction=horizontal|image1=Football_iu_1996.jpg|width1=|image2=Brent_Grimes-Hamburg_Sea_Devils.jpg|width2=|image3=Stoppage in an AFL game.jpg|width3=|image4=Ireland_vs_Georgia,_Rugby_World_Cup_2007_line_up.jpg|width4=|image5=Scotland v Italy 2013 RLWC (3).jpg|width5=|image6=Aidan_O%27Mahony_%26_Eoin_Bradley.jpg|width6=|footer=Several codes of football. Clockwise from top left: [[Association football|association]], [[Gridiron football|gridiron]], [[rugby union]], [[Gaelic football|Gaelic]], [[rugby league]], and [[Australian rules football|Australian rules]]}} '''Bọ́ọ̀lù-àfẹsègbá tabi rogodo-àfẹsègbá''' jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn eré-ìdárayá tó ní ṣe pèlú fífi [[Ese|ẹsẹ̀]] gbá bọ́ọ̀lù tabi rogodo. Rogodo ati bọ́ọ̀lù je awon oro kanna. Eré-ìdáraya h yìí pẹ̀ka sóríṣiríṣi ọ̀nà, ara rẹ̀ la ti rí [[association football]], gridiron football tàbí [[American football]] tàbí Canadian football, Australian rules football, rugby union pẹ̀lú rugby league àti Gaelic football.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reilly|first1=Thomas|last2=Gilbourne|first2=D.|title=Science and football: a review of applied research in the football code|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-sports-sciences_2003-09_21_9/page/693|journal=Journal of Sports Sciences|year=2003|volume=21|issue=9|pages=693–705|doi=10.1080/0264041031000102105|pmid=14579867|s2cid=37880342}}</ref> Oríṣi ẹ̀ka bọ́ọ̀lù-àfẹsẹ̀gbá wọ̀nyí ní nǹkan tó pa wọ́n pọ̀, tí a mọ̀ sí kóòdù bọ́ọ̀lù-àfẹsẹ̀gbá<ref>{{cite web|title=In a globalised world, the football World Cup is a force for good|url=http://theconversation.com/in-a-globalised-world-the-football-world-cup-is-a-force-for-good-28727|publisher=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|date=10 July 2014|access-date=11 July 2014|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808121728/http://theconversation.com/in-a-globalised-world-the-football-world-cup-is-a-force-for-good-28727|url-status=live}}</ref> Oríṣiríṣi ìtọ́kasí ló wà fún bọ́ọ̀lù ìbílẹ̀ tí wọ́n ń gbá káàkiri àgbááyé.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/Britain-home-of-football.html|title=History of Football – Britain, the home of Football|publisher=FIFA|access-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922082153/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/Britain-home-of-football.html|archive-date=22 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/413747/|title=Bangkok Post article|author=Post Publishing PCL.|work=Bangkok Post}}</ref><ref name="fifa-or">{{cite web|title=History of Football – The Origins|publisher=FIFA|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/origins.html|access-date=29 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424153755/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/origins.html|archive-date=24 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ó sì ní òfin tó de wọ̀n, àwọn òfin yìí ti wà láti sẹ́ńtúrì kọkàndínlógún.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Rugby in Australia|url=http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/wallabies.html#3|publisher=Rugby Football History|access-date=11 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223091002/http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/wallabies.html#3|archive-date=23 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Bailey|first=Steven|title=Living Sports History: Football at Winchester, Eton and Harrow|journal=The Sports Historian|year=1995|volume=15|issue=1|pages=34–53|doi=10.1080/17460269508551675}}</ref> Ìtànkálẹ̀ [[British Empire]] mú kí àwọn òfin yìí tàn káàkiri eré náà.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Perkin|first=Harold|author-link=Harold Perkin|title=Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British empire and commonwealth|journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport|year=1989|volume=6|issue=2|pages=145–155|doi=10.1080/09523368908713685}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reilly|first1=Thomas|last2=Doran|first2=D.|title=Science and Gaelic football: A review|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-sports-sciences_2001-03_19_3/page/181|journal=Journal of Sports Sciences|year=2001|volume=19|issue=3|pages=181–193|doi=10.1080/026404101750095330|pmid=11256823|s2cid=43471221}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1888, wọ́n ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ The Football League ní [[England]], èyí sì jẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù-àfẹsẹ̀gbá alámọ̀dájú àkọ́kọ́. Ní sẹ́ńtúrì ogún, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ bọ́ọ̀lù àfẹsẹ̀gbá lọ́ríṣiríṣi wá di ìlú-mọ̀ọ̀nká, tí wọ́n sì ń gbá káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè ní àgbááyé.<ref name="Bale">{{cite book|last=Bale|first=J.|title=Sports Geography|year=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-419-25230-6|page=43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hc9f-aKPPxAC}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Bọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀| ]] bmyxtwhg8042mt0owyljqwtjtklh5c0 Immanuel Kant 0 15121 632027 579136 2026-08-19T15:33:27Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Philosopher |region = Ìmòye Apáìwọòrùn |era = [[18th-century philosophy|Ìmòye ọ̀rúndún 18th]] |color = #B0C4DE |image = Immanuel Kant portrait c1790.jpg |caption = Immanuel Kant |name = Immanuel Kant |birth_date = 22 Oṣù Kẹrin 1724 |birth_place = [[Königsberg]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1804|02|12|1724|04|22}} |death_place = Königsberg, Prussia |school_tradition = [[Kantianism|Isekantiani]], [[Age of Enlightenment|imoye olaju]] |main_interests = [[Epistemology|Oro-ijinle]], [[Metaphysics|Oro=adanida]], [[Ethics|Iwawiwu]], [[Logic|Ogbon]] |influences = [[Christian Wolff (philosopher)|Wolff]], [[Alexander Baumgarten|Baumgarten]], [[Johannes Nikolaus Tetens|Tetens]], [[Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)|Hutcheson]], [[Sextus Empiricus|Empiricus]], [[Michel de Montaigne|Montaigne]], [[David Hume|Hume]], [[René Descartes|Descartes]], [[Nicolas Malebranche|Malebranche]], [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[George Berkeley|Berkeley]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]], [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], [[Emanuel Swedenborg]] |influenced = [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling|Schelling]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], [[Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce]], [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]], [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], [[Ernst Cassirer|Cassirer]], [[Jürgen Habermas|Habermas]], [[John Rawls|Rawls]], [[Noam Chomsky|Chomsky]], [[Robert Nozick|Nozick]], [[Karl Popper|Popper]], [[Søren Kierkegaard|Kierkegaard]], [[Carl Jung|Jung]], [[John Searle|Searle]], [[Michel Foucault|Foucault]], [[Hannah Arendt|Arendt]], [[Giovanni Gentile|Gentile]], [[Karl Jaspers|Jaspers]], [[Friedrich Hayek|Hayek]], [[Henri Bergson|Bergson]], [[Hans Christian Ørsted|Ørsted]], [[Alfred Jules Ayer|Ayer]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson|Emerson]], [[Otto Weininger|Weininger]], [[P. F. Strawson|Strawson]], [[Leo Strauss|Strauss]], [[Hilary Putnam|Putnam]], [[John McDowell|McDowell]], [[Joxe Azurmendi|Azurmendi]] |notable_ideas = [[Categorical imperative]], [[Transcendental Idealism]], [[Synthetic proposition|Synthetic a priori]], [[Noumenon]], [[Sapere aude]], [[Nebular hypothesis]] |signature = Immanuel Kant signature.svg }} '''Immanuel Kant''' ({{IPA-de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl ˈkant}}) (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) je [[philosophy|amoye]] ara Jemani ti orundun 18th lati ilu [[Königsberg]] ni [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]. Kant lo je amoye gbeyin tonipa ni Europe odeoni ninu [[Epistemology|afinuro imo]] nigba [[Age of Enlightenment|Olaju]] to bere pelu awon alayan bi [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]], ati [[David Hume]].<ref>Crane Brinton. "Enlightenment". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 2, p. 519. Macmillan, 1967.</ref> Kant seda ona igbewo tuntun ninu imoye to ni ipa kakiri lori imoye kakiri [[21st century|orundun 21st]]. O satejade awon ise pataki lori [[epistemology|oro-ijinle]], lori esin, ofin, ati itan. Ikan ninu iwe re pataki ni ''[[Critique of Pure Reason|Agbeyewo Ironu Sasa]]'', to je iwadi lori opin ati opo ironu fun ra re gan. O gbogun ti awon iru [[metaphysics|oro-adanida]] ati [[epistemology|oro-ijinle]] to wa tele, o si falasi afikun Kant gan si awon eyi. Awon ise miran to tun se bi agbalagba ni ''[[Critique of Practical Reason|Agbeyewo Ironu Alagbese]]'', to dawo lori [[ethics|iwawiwu]], ati ''[[Critique of Judgment|Agbeyewo Idajo]]'', to sewadi which investigates [[aesthetics|oro-ewa]] ati [[teleology|iwadopin]]. Kant damoran pe oro-adanida se tunse pelu oro-ijinle.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kitcher. |first=Patricia (intro.) |authorlink= |coauthors=W. Pluhar (trans.), I. Kant (author) |title=Critique of Pure Reason |publisher=Hackett |year=1996 |location=Indianapolis |pages= xxviii |isbn= |nopp=true }}</ref> O so pe nipa liloye awon orisun ati awon opin imo omo-eniyan a le bere awon ibere oloro-ijinle ti yio ni eso. O bere boya ohun kan le je mimo pe o ni awon ini pato kan ki o to di pe iriri ohun na waye. O pinu pe gbogbo awon ohun ti emi le ro nipa won gbodo je bi iru ero re. Nipa bayi ti emi ba le ro lasan nikan bi titori (causality){{ndash}} ti Kant gba pe o je be{{ndash}} nigbana a le mo won ki a to ni iriri won pe gbogbo awon ohun ti a ni iriri won gbodo je itori tabi ìṣẹlẹ̀. Sibe, o je bayi pe o se e se pe awon ohun kan wa ti eda won ko se fi emi ro, nitorie opo titori, fun apere ko se mulo laisi iriri: o je be pe a ko le mo, fun apere, boya ile-aye ti wa lailai tabi boya ohun kan lo fa wa. Bi be awon ibere ninla oro-ijinle alafinuro ko l ni idahun pelu emi omo-eniyan, sugbon sayensi fidimule sansan ninu awon ofin emi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Baird |first=Forrest E. |authorlink= |coauthors=Walter Kaufmann |title=From Plato to Derrida |publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall |year=2008 |location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey |pages= |url= |doi= |id= |isbn=0-13-158591-6 }}</ref> Iwadi lri idimule ati idagba opolo ninu awon eranko satileyin ironusi Kant, botileje fun ifuramo aaye; eyun, isoju aaye ayika lamupo ohun kan to siwaju ifuramo gangan ayika na fun ra re.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Linda Palmer and Gary Lynch|title=A Kantian View of Space|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2010-06-18_328_5985/page/1487|journal=Science|pages=1487|volume=328|date=18 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Rom J. Wills et al.|title=Development of Hippocampal Cognitive Map in Preweanling Rats|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2010-06-18_328_5985/page/1573|journal=Science|pages=1573|volume=328|date=18 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Rosamund F. Langston et al.|title=Development of the Spatial Representation System in the Rat|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2010-06-18_328_5985/page/1576|journal=Science|pages=1576|volume=328|date=18 June 2010}}</ref> Kant gbagbo pe ohun unda ilaja laarin awon [[empiricism|oluseiriri]] ati awon [[rationalism|oluselaakaye]]. Awon oluseiriri gbagbo pe imo unwa latinu iriri nikan, sugbon awon oluselaakaye tenumo pe imo le bo si abe [[Cartesian doubt|iyemeji Kartesi]] ati pe ironu nikan lo le fun wa ni imo. Sugbon ijiyan Kant nipe, lilo ironu lai mulo mo iriri yio fa itanraenije wa, nigba ti iriri yio je tonitoun ti a ko ba koko fi ironu saka wo. Ero Kant nipa ni Jermani igba aye re, nipa mimu imoye losiwaju ijiyan larin awon oluselaakaye ati oluseiriri. Awon amoye [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling|Schelling]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] ati [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]] ri ara won bi eni to satunse ati samufe sistemu Kantiani, bi be won samuwa orisi iru [[German idealism|Isearowa ti Jermani]]. Titi doni Kant unnipa pataki lori imoye, nipa ipa re lori imoye [[Analytic Philosophy|alatuwo]] ati [[continental philosophy|imoye orile Europe]]. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{reflist}} {{Template group |list = {{Philosophy topics}} {{Age of Enlightenment}} {{Metaphysics}} {{epistemology}} {{philosophy of science}} {{Àdàkọ:Ìmòye àwújọ àti olóṣèlú}} {{Ethics}} {{philosophy of religion}} {{aesthetics}} {{jurisprudence}} }} {{Àyọkà dáradára}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kant, Immanuel}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1724]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1804]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn amòye ará Jẹ́mánì]] 5h9xybsabpber6jsxwc3gms1aqc756i Tẹ́lískópù Òfurufú Hubble 0 15144 632161 622647 2026-08-19T19:07:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox space telescope |image = [[File:HST-SM4.jpeg|300px]] |caption = The Hubble Space Telescope as seen from the departing {{OV|104}}, flying Servicing Mission 4 ([[STS-125]]), the fifth and final human spaceflight to visit the observatory. |organization = [[NASA]]{{\}}[[European Space Agency|ESA]]{{\}}[[Space Telescope Science Institute|STScI]] |alt_names = |nssdc_id = 1990-037B |orbit_type = Near-circular [[low Earth orbit]] |height = {{convert|559|km|abbr=on}} |inclination = 28.5 degrees |period = 96–97 minutes (14-15 periods per day) |velocity = {{convert|7500|m/s|abbr=on}} |accel_gravity = {{convert|8.169|m/s2|abbr=on}} |location = [[Low Earth orbit]] |launch_vehicle = {{OV|103}} ([[STS-31]]) |launch_date = April 24, 1990, 8:33:51 am [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/the_story_2.html |title= The Hubble Story (page 2) |publisher= NASA |accessdate= 2010-06-02 |author= Lynn Jenner, Brian Dunbar |archive-date= 2011-08-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110820061429/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/the_story_2.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-31.html |title = STS-31 |publisher= NASA |accessdate= March 7, 2012}}</ref> |mission_length = {{For year month day|year=1990 |month=04 |day=24}} ló ti kọjá |launch_location = |deorbit_date = due ~2013–2021<ref>{{cite journal |author=HST Program Office |title=Hubble Facts: HST Orbit Decay and Shuttle Re-boost |url=http://hubble.nasa.gov/a_pdf/news/facts/sm3b/fact_sheet_reboost.pdf |publisher=Goddard Space Flight Center |format=PDF |year=2003 |accessdate=2009-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Amiko Kauderer |title=Space Shuttle Mission Overview&nbsp;— STS-125: The Final Visit |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/hst_sm4/overview.html |publisher=NASA |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=2009-05-02 |archive-date=2015-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810175701/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/hst_sm4/overview.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |wavelength = [[visible light]], [[ultraviolet]], [[near-infrared]] |mass = {{convert|11110|kg|abbr=on}} |style = [[Ritchey–Chrétien]] [[Reflecting telescope|reflector]] |diameter = {{convert|2.4|m|abbr=on}} |area = {{convert|4.5|m2|abbr=on}}<ref>SYNPHOT User's Guide, version 5.0, Space Telescope Science Institute, p. 27</ref> |focal_length = {{convert|57.6|m|abbr=on}} |instrument_1_name = [[Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer|NICMOS]] |instrument_1_characteristics = infrared camera/spectrometer |instrument_2_name = [[Advanced Camera for Surveys|ACS]] |instrument_2_characteristics = optical survey camera<br />(partially failed) |instrument_3_name = [[WFC3]] |instrument_3_characteristics = wide field optical camera |instrument_4_name = [[Cosmic Origins Spectrograph|COS]] |instrument_4_characteristics = ultraviolet spectrograph |instrument_5_name = [[Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph|STIS]] |instrument_5_characteristics = optical spectrometer/camera |instrument_6_name = [[Fine Guidance Sensor|FGS]] |instrument_6_characteristics = three fine guidance sensors |website = {{URL|http://hubble.nasa.gov/}}<br /> {{URL|http://hubblesite.org/}}<br /> {{URL|http://www.spacetelescope.org}} }} '''Tẹ́lískópù Òfurufú Hubble''' tabi '''Agbéwọ̀ọ́kán Òfurufú Hubble''' (''Hubble Space Telescope''; '''HST''' tabi '''TOH''') je [[space observatory|teliskopu ofurufu]] kan to je gbigbe lo sinu onaayipo pelu [[Space Shuttle|Oko Alobo]] kan ni 1990, to si wa nibe latigba na. O je teliskopu to ni [[aperture|enu-iwole imole]] {{convert|2.4|m|ft|adj=on|sp=us}}, o si wa ni [[low Earth orbit|onaayipo isale Aye]], awon irinse mererin pataki Hubble le sakiyesi ni itanka [[near ultraviolet|eti inuaro]], [[visible spectrum|alafojuri]], ati [[near infrared|eti inupupa]]. Teliskopu na je sisoloruko fun [[astronomer|atorawo]] [[Edwin Hubble]]. Ona-ayipo Hubble to wa niwaju ibi idilona [[Earth's atmosphere|ojuayika Aye]] gba laaye lati ya awon aworan to han kedere lai si ina [[background (astronomy)|eyin]]. Aworan [[Hubble Ultra-Deep Field|Papa Ijin De le]] Hubble, fun apere lo je aworan [[visible spectrum|afojuri ina]] to kunrere julo fun ohun to jinna to je yiya ni foto ni agbala aye. Opo awon akiyesi Hubble ti fa ojutu isoro ninu sayensi [[astrophysics|fisiksionirawo]], bi [[Hubble's law#Using Hubble space telescope data|sise bi agbala aye se unfe si]] gerege. Bo tilejepe ki se teliskopu ofurufu akoko, Hubble je ikan ninu awon to tobijulo ati to se e mulo fun orisirisi ise, ati ohun iwadi to se pataki ati ohun ibasepo igboro fun [[astronomy|itorawo]]. TOH je kiko latowo ile-ise eto ofurufu Amerika [[NASA]], pelu ifikun latodo [[European Space Agency|Ile-ise Ofurufu Europe]], o si unje mimusise latowo [[Space Telescope Science Institute]]. Teliskopu na je ikan ninu [[Great Observatories program|awon Ibi Isakiyesi Gbangba]] ti NASA, lapapo mo [[Compton Gamma Ray Observatory]], [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]], ati [[Spitzer Space Telescope|Teliskopu Ofurufu Spitzer]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/postsecondary/features/F_NASA_Great_Observatories_PS.html |title=NASA's Great Observatories |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2008-04-26 |archive-date=2015-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620021510/http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/postsecondary/features/F_NASA_Great_Observatories_PS.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Awon teliskopu ofurufu je dida laba lati odun 1923. Owo fun iko Hubble bere sini je kikojo ni ewadun 1970s, pelu ireti pe yio gbera ni 1983, sugbon o ku seyin nitori isoro isise, inawo ati [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|ijamba ''Challenger'']]. Nigba to gbeyin gbera ni 1990, awon onimo sayensi ri pe jigi iwaju re ko duro daada, eyi fa ko mo sise boseye. Iranlose se atunse eyi ni 1993. Hubble ni teliskopu kan soso to je sise lati se atunse re ninu ofurufu latowo awon arinlofurufu. Larin 1993 ati 2002, iranlose merin se atunse, isodotun ati won se idipo awon sistemu ninu teliskopu na; iranlose karun je fifagile fun abo leyin [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|ijamba ''Columbia'']]. Sugbon leyin [[#Debate over final servicing mission|iforowero igboro]] to waye, oludari NASA [[Michael D. Griffin|Mike Griffin]] fase si [[STS-125|iranlose atunse to gbeyin]], eyi waye ni 2009. Ireti ni pe teliskopu na yio sise titi di 2014 o kereju. Eyi ti yio ropo re ni [[James Webb Space Telescope|Teliskopu Ofurufu James Webb]] (JWST), eyi yio gbera ni 2018 tabi leyin igba yi. == Idaro, ida ati awon afojusun == === Ìdámọ̀ràn àtí àwọn asíwájú === Ni 1923, [[Hermann Oberth]] &mdash; to je gbigba bi baba ise roketi ayeodeoni, lapapo mo [[Robert H. Goddard]] ati [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]] &mdash; setewejade ''{{lang|de|Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen}}'' ("Roketi sinu Ofurufu Planeti"; "The Rocket into Planetary Space"), to fenu ba bawo ni teliskopu se le je mu jijulo sinu ona-ayika Aye pelu roketi.<ref>{{cite book |title=Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen |author=H. Oberth |publisher=R. Oldenbourg-Verlay |year=1923}}</ref> Itan Teliskopu Ofurufu Hubble se wa seyin de odun 1946, nigbati [[astronomer|atorawo]] [[Lyman Spitzer]] ko iwe-ayoka kan to unje "Astronomical advantages of an extraterrestrial observatory" (''Awon anfani itorawo ibi-isakiyesi ojuorun'').<ref>Spitzer, L., "Report to Project Rand: Astronomical Advantages of an Extra-Terrestrial Observatory", reprinted in [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol5/ExploreUnknown.pdf NASA SP-2001-4407: Exploring the Unknown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120024958/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol5/ExploreUnknown.pdf |date=2017-01-20 }}, Chapter 3, Document III-1, p. 546.</ref> Ninu re, o jiroro nipa awon anfan pataki meji ti ibi-isakiyesi to budo si ofurufu ni lori awon teliskopu to budo si ori ile. Akoko, [[angular resolution|igbehan onigun]] (ijinna kekerejulo nibi ti awon ohunkan se le e damo) yio je sisaropin lasan latowo [[diffraction|igedakoja]], kaka ko je latowo iji ni oju-ayika, to unje ki awon irawo o tan yinrinyinrin, to je mimo bi [[astronomical seeing|iwo]] latowo awon atorawo. Lasiko na awon teliskopu ibudo ori ile igbana ni igbehan ti ko din ju 0.5–1.0&nbsp;[[arcsecond]]s lo, ti a ba fiwe mo igbehan 0.05&nbsp;arcsec ti igedakoja saropin yio ni fun teliskopu pelu [[mirror|jigi]] ti idakoja re je 2.5&nbsp;m. Ekeji, teliskopu ibudo ofurufu le sakiyesi imole [[infrared|oninupupa]] ati [[ultraviolet|oninuaro]], ti won le sonu soju-ayika fun teliskopu ibudo ori ile. Spitzer lo gbogbo asiko ise re si pipe fun igbedide teliskopu ofurufu. Ni 1962, ijabo iwadi [[United States National Academy of Sciences|Akademi awon Sayensi Orile-ede Amerika]] da aba igbedide teliskopu ofurufu gege bi apa [[Human spaceflight|eto ofurufu]], ati ni 1965 Spitzer je yiyansipo bi olori igbimo ti ise re je lati setoka ona sayensi fun teliskopu ofurufu ninla.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/about/spitzer.shtml |title=Lyman Spitzer, Jr. |publisher=Caltech |accessdate=2008-04-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327091202/http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/about/spitzer.shtml |archivedate=2008-03-27 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Itorawo ibudo ofurufu ti bere diedie leyin [[World War II|Ogun Agbaye 2k]], bi awon onimo sayensi se lo awon igbedide to ti waye ninu oroiseona [[rocket|rọ́kẹ̀tì]]. [[electromagnetic spectrum|Ìgbàjá-àwọ̀]] onínúaró àkọ́kọ́ ti [[Sun|Òrùn]] jẹ́ rírí ní 1946,<ref>{{cite journal |title = Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum to 88 Kilometers |url = https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_november-01-15-1946_70_9-10/page/781 |author = Baum, W. A. àti Johnson, F. S. àti Oberly, J. J. àti Rockwood, C. C. àti Strain, C. V. àti Tousey, R. |journal = Phys. Rev |volume = 70 |pages = 781–782 |year = 1946 |month = November |doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.70.781 |publisher = American Physical Society |issue = 9–10|bibcode = 1946PhRv...70..781B }}</ref> NASA sì ṣègbéra [[Orbiting Solar Observatory]] (OSO) láti gba àwọn ìgbàjá UV, ìtànká-X (X-ray), àti ìtànká gamma ní 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso1.html|title=The First Orbiting Solar Observatory|accessdate=25 September 2011|date=26 June 2003|work=heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA Goddard Space Flight Center|archive-date=3 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503001707/https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso1.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Ariel 1|Tẹ́lískópù ọ̀nà-àyípo òrùn]] kan jẹ́ gbígbérá ní 1962 látọwọ́ Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan bíi apá [[Ariel programme|ètò òfurufú Ariel]], bẹ́ẹ̀sìni ní 1966 [[NASA]] ṣègbéra ìránlọṣe [[Orbiting Astronomical Observatory]] (OAO) àkọ́kọ́. Bátìrì OAO-1 kùnà lẹ̀yìn ọjọ́ mẹ́ta, èyí fi òpin sí ìránlọṣe náà. OAO-2 tó rọ́pò rẹ̀ ṣe àkíyèsí onínúaró àwọn [[star|ìràwọ̀]] àti [[galaxy|gáláksì]] láti ìgbà ìgbéra rẹ̀ ní 1968 títí di 1972, èyí pẹ́ ju ọdún kan tí wọ́n gbèrò fun lọ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/oao |title=OAO |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2008-04-26 |archive-date=2013-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218233107/http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/oao/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Àwọn ìránlọṣe OSO àti OAO fihàn bí àwọn àkíyèsí ibùdó òfurufú ṣe ṣe pàtàkì sí nínú ìtòràwọ̀, bó sì ṣe di 1968, NASA ṣàgbédìde àwọn ètò gidi fún [[reflecting telescope|tẹ́lískópù alátànpadà]] pẹ̀lú jígí tí ìdákọjá rẹ̀ jẹ́ 3&nbsp;m, tó jẹ́ mímọ̀ nígbà náà bíi Large Orbiting Telescope tàbí Large Space Telescope (LST), tí yíò gbéra ní 1979. Awon eto yi tenumo bi o se se pataki fun awon iranlose itoju pelu awon eniyan lo si teliskopu na lati ri pe iru eto alewo na ni emi ojo pipe, besini igbedide lasiko kanna eto fun and the concurrent development of plans for the reusable [[Space Shuttle|oko alobo]] alatunmulo fihan pe oroiseona ti yio gba eyi laye ko ni pe waye.<ref>Spitzer, ''History of the Space Telescope,'' p. 32.</ref> === Ìpèsè owó fún kíkọ́ rẹ̀ === Ni 1974, [[U.S. Congress|Kongresi]] jawo inawo fun eto teliskopu na.<ref>Spitzer, ''History of the Space Telescope'', pp. 33–34.</ref> Nitorie opo awon atorawo bere ipade pelu awon [[United States House of Representatives|asoju]] ati [[United States Senate|alagba asofin]] lati ri pe owo ko ja lori igbedidide re. Nigbeyin Kongresi pinu lati da inawo re si abo.<ref name="telescope34">Spitzer, ''History of the Space Telescope'', p. 34.</ref> Nitori aito owo lo fa ti [[European Space Agency]] se pinu lati pese owo ati irinse fun teliskopu na, ati [[solar cell|batiri olorun]] ti yio fun ni agbara, ati awon osise lati sise lori teliskopu na ni Amerika, fun eyi won yio fun awon atorawo ara Europe ni 15% asiko isakiyesi lori teliskopu na.<ref>"Memorandum of Understanding Between The European Space Agency and The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration", reprinted in [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol5/ExploreUnknown.pdf NASA SP-2001-4407: Exploring the Unknown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120024958/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol5/ExploreUnknown.pdf |date=2017-01-20 }}, Chapter 3, Document III-29, p. 671.</ref> Nigbeyin Kongresi fi ase si ipese owo to to [[United States dollar|US$]]36,000,000 fun 1978, be sini iyaeto LST bere, pelu ero lati gbera ni 1983.<ref name="telescope34"/> Ni 1983 teliskopu na je sisoloruko<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.nasa.gov/hubble/chron.html |title=A Chronology of the Hubble Space Telescope |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref> fun [[Edwin Hubble]], eni to sewari ikan ninu awon awari sayensi orundun 20k nigbato sawari pe [[universe|agbala aye]] [[expanding universe|unfesi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hubble.nasa.gov/overview/conception-part3.php |title=The path to the Hubble Space Telescope |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2008-04-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508195855/http://hubble.nasa.gov/overview/conception-part3.php |archivedate=2008-05-08 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> === Ìkọ́ àti iṣẹ́ẹ̀rọ === [[File:Hubble mirror polishing.jpg|thumb|right|Won un nu jigi akoko Hubble ni ile-ise [[PerkinElmer|Perkin-Elmer]], [[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]], [[Connecticut]], March 1979. Oniseero inu awon ni Dr. Martin Yellin, oniseero oniiriran to unsise fun Perkin-Elmer lori iseowo na.]] Leyin ti iseowo Teliskopu Ofurufu na ti gba ase, ise bere kiakia lori re, o si je pinpin larin opo awon ile-ise. [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] (MSFC) lo gba ase lati daeto, sagbedide ati ko teliskopu na, nigbati [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] gba ase isejanu apapo awon irinse sayensi ati gbongan ibi ikojanu ori ile fun iranlose na.<ref>Dunar, pp. 487–488.</ref> MSFC gbe ise fun ile-ise isiseiriran [[PerkinElmer|Perkin-Elmer]] lati daeto ati ko Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA) ati Fine Guidance Sensors fun teliskopu na. [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] gba ise lati ko ati searomo oko-ofurufu ti teliskopu na yio duro si.<ref name="Dunar, p. 489">Dunar, p. 489.</ref> === Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA) === Fun iworan, TOH unlo [[Cassegrain reflector]] ti [[Ritchey-Chrétien telescope|afowoda Ritchey-Chrétien]], bo se je fun opo awon teliskopu isise miran. Afowoda yi, pelu jigi atenikun meji (hyperbolic mirrors), gbajumo fun iseaworan todara lori ibi iriran to fe gidi, pelu ainianfani pe awon bi awon jigi na se ri soro lati da ati danwo. Jigi ati sistemu onitiworan ti teliskopu na ni ni won unso bi yio se sise daradara si, be sini won je fifowoda ni iye pato. Awon teliskopu onitiworan saba ni jigi to ti je didan to ni [[accuracy|isegeege]] bi ti idamewa [[wavelength|ibuiruila]] [[visible light|itanmole afojuri]], sugbon Teliskopu Ofurufu yi unje lilo fun isakiyesi lati itanmole afojuri de oninuawoaro (ibu-iruila kere) be sini o gbodo ni [[diffraction-limited system|diffraction limited]] pato lati le lo gbogbo anfani ti ayiko ofurufu pese. Nitori eyi, jigi re gbodo je didan de isegeere 10&nbsp;[[metre|nanometers]], bi tabi 1/65 ibu-iruila itanmole awopupa.<ref name="ScienceSPF">{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/249/4970/735.pdf |format=PDF|title=Hubble: The Case of the Single-Point Failure |publisher=Science Magazine |date=1990-08-17 |accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref> Ni apa ibu-iruila togun, OTA na je fifowoda pelu pe IR re yio sise boseye daada&nbsp;— fun apere, awon jigi ni igbonasi toduro laimi (won si loworo, bi 15&nbsp;°C). Eyi fa ala si ise Hubble bi teliskopu oninuawopupa.<ref name="IR"/> Perkin-Elmer intended to use custom-built and extremely sophisticated [[Computer-aided manufacturing|computer-controlled polishing machines]] to grind the mirror to the required shape.<ref name="Dunar, p. 489"/> However, in case their cutting-edge technology ran into difficulties, NASA demanded that PE sub-contract to [[Kodak]] to construct a back-up mirror using traditional mirror-polishing techniques.<ref>Allen report, p. 3–4.</ref> (The team of Kodak and [[Itek]] also bid on the original mirror polishing work. Their bid called for the two companies to double-check each other's work, which would have almost certainly caught the polishing error that later caused [[#Flawed mirror|such problems]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEEDF1731F93BA15754C0A966958260 |title= Losing Bid Offered 2 Tests on Hubble|agency=Associated Press |date= July 28, 1990 |accessdate=April 26, 2008 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>) The Kodak mirror is now on permanent display at the [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hubble Space Telescope Stand-in Gets Starring Role|date=2001-09-21|url=http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/news-release/releases/2001/h01-185.htm|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2008-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226075115/http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/news-release/releases/2001/h01-185.htm|archivedate=2008-02-26|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Backup Mirror, Hubble Space Telescope |url=http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A20010288000 |publisher=NASM |access-date=2012-05-26 |archive-date=2012-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102124612/http://airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A20010288000 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> An Itek mirror built as part of the effort is now used in the 2.4&nbsp;m telescope at the [[Magdalena Ridge Observatory]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mro.nmt.edu/2.4m/doc-public/OTN-Overview.html |title=2.4m Observatory Technical Note |publisher=New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology |date=January 1, 2008 |accessdate=April 26, 2008 |archive-date=November 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129100620/http://www.mro.nmt.edu/2.4m/doc-public/OTN-Overview.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Construction of the Perkin-Elmer mirror began in 1979, starting with a blank manufactured by [[Corning Incorporated|Corning]] from their ultra-low expansion [[glass]]. To keep the mirror's weight to a minimum it consisted of inch-thick top and bottom plates sandwiching a [[honeycomb]] lattice. Perkin-Elmer simulated [[microgravity]] by supporting the mirror on both sides with 138 rods that exerted varying amounts of force. This ensured that the mirror's final shape would be correct and to specification when finally deployed. Mirror polishing continued until May 1981. NASA reports at the time questioned Perkin-Elmer's managerial structure, and the polishing began to slip behind schedule and over budget. To save money, NASA halted work on the back-up mirror and put the launch date of the telescope back to October 1984.<ref>Dunar, p. 496</ref> The mirror was completed by the end of 1981; it was washed using 2,400 gallons (9,100 L) of hot, [[deionized water]] and then received a reflective coating of [[aluminium|aluminum]] 65&nbsp;nm-thick and a protective coating of [[magnesium fluoride]] 25&nbsp;nm-thick.<ref name="IR">{{cite journal |title=The Performance of HST as an Infrared Telescope |author=Robberto, M. and Sivaramakrishnan, A. and Bacinski, J.J. and Calzetti, D. and Krist, J.E. and MacKenty, J.W. and Piquero, J. and Stiavelli, M. |url=http://www.stsci.edu/hst/wfc3/documents/published/spie4013386.pdf |format=PDF|journal=Proc. SPIE |volume=4013 |pages=386–393 |year=2000 |doi=10.1117/12.394037}}</ref><ref>Ghitelman, David, The Space Telescope, Michael Friedman Publishing, New York, 1987, p.32</ref> [[File:Early stages of Hubble construction.jpg|thumb|right|Construction of Hubble. The optical metering truss and secondary baffle are visible.]] Doubts continued to be expressed about Perkin-Elmer's competence on a project of this importance, as their budget and timescale for producing the rest of the OTA continued to inflate. In response to a schedule described as "unsettled and changing daily", NASA postponed the launch date of the telescope until April 1985. Perkin-Elmer's schedules continued to slip at a rate of about one month per quarter, and at times delays reached one day for each day of work. NASA was forced to postpone the launch date until March and then September 1986. By this time, the total project budget had risen to US$1.175 billion.<ref>Dunar, p. 504.</ref> === Spacecraft systems === The spacecraft in which the telescope and instruments were to be housed was another major engineering challenge. It would have to withstand frequent passages from direct sunlight into the darkness of Earth's [[shadow]], which would cause major changes in temperature, while being stable enough to allow extremely accurate pointing of the telescope. A shroud of [[multi-layer insulation]] keeps the temperature within the telescope stable, and surrounds a light aluminum shell in which the telescope and instruments sit. Within the shell, a [[Carbon fiber reinforced plastic|graphite-epoxy]] frame keeps the working parts of the telescope firmly aligned.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/service/gallery/fact_sheets/spacesci/hst3-01/hubble_space_telescope_systems.htm |title=Hubble Space Telescope Systems |publisher=Goddard Space Flight Center |accessdate=2008-04-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030317035553/http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/service/gallery/fact_sheets/spacesci/hst3-01/hubble_space_telescope_systems.htm |archivedate=2003-03-17 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Because graphite composites are [[hygroscopic]], there was a risk that water vapor absorbed by the truss while in Lockheed's clean room would later be expressed in the vacuum of space; the telescope's instruments would be covered in ice. To reduce that risk, a nitrogen gas purge was performed before launching the telescope into space.<ref>Ghitelman, David, The Space Telescope, Michael Friedman Publishing, New York, 1987, p. 50</ref> [[File:HubbleExploded.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[Exploded view]] of the Hubble Telescope.]] While construction of the spacecraft in which the telescope and instruments would be housed proceeded somewhat more smoothly than the construction of the OTA, Lockheed still experienced some budget and schedule slippage, and by the summer of 1985, construction of the spacecraft was 30% over budget and three months behind schedule. An MSFC report said that Lockheed tended to rely on NASA directions rather than take their own initiative in the construction.<ref>Dunar, p. 508.</ref> === Initial instruments === {{Main|Wide Field and Planetary Camera|Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph|High Speed Photometer|Faint Object Camera|Faint Object Spectrograph}} When launched, the HST carried five scientific instruments: the Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WF/PC), Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS), High Speed Photometer (HSP), Faint Object Camera (FOC) and the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS). WF/PC was a high-resolution imaging device primarily intended for optical observations. It was built by NASA's [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], and incorporated a set of 48 [[filter (optics)|filters]] isolating [[spectral line]]s of particular astrophysical interest. The instrument contained eight [[charge-coupled device]] (CCD) chips divided between two cameras, each using four CCDs. Each CCD has a resolution of 0.64 megapixels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/nuts_.and._bolts/instruments/wfpc2/ |title=WFPC2 |publisher=HubbleSite |date= |accessdate=2012-05-18}}</ref> The "wide field camera" (WFC) covered a large angular field at the expense of resolution, while the "planetary camera" (PC) took images at a longer effective [[focal length]] than the WF chips, giving it a greater magnification.<ref name="CP-2244">{{cite techreport |title=The Space Telescope Observatory |number=CP-2244 |institution=NASA |first=Donald N.B., ed. |last=Hall |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19820025420 |date=1982}} 40 MB PDF file.</ref> The GHRS was a [[spectrograph]] designed to operate in the ultraviolet. It was built by the Goddard Space Flight Center and could achieve a [[spectral resolution]] of 90,000.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Brandt J.C. |year=1994 |title=The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph: Instrument, goals, and science results |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |volume=106 |pages=890–908 |bibcode=1994PASP..106..890B |doi=10.1086/133457 |author-separator=, |display-authors=1 |last2=Heap |first2=S. R. |last3=Beaver |first3=E. A. |last4=Boggess |first4=A. |last5=Carpenter |first5=K. G. |last6=Ebbets |first6=D. C. |last7=Hutchings |first7=J. B. |last8=Jura |first8=M. |last9=Leckrone |first9=D. S.}}</ref> Also optimized for ultraviolet observations were the FOC and FOS, which were capable of the highest spatial resolution of any instruments on Hubble. Rather than CCDs these three instruments used [[photon]]-counting digicons as their detectors. The FOC was constructed by ESA, while the [[University of California, San Diego]] and the [[Martin Marietta]] corporation built the FOS.<ref name="CP-2244"/> The final instrument was the HSP, designed and built at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]. It was optimized for visible and ultraviolet light observations of [[variable star]]s and other astronomical objects varying in brightness. It could take up to 100,000 measurements per second with a [[photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] accuracy of about 2% or better.<ref>Bless R.C., Walter L.E., White R.L. (1992), ''High Speed Photometer Instrument Handbook'', v 3.0, STSci</ref> HST's guidance system can also be used as a scientific instrument. Its three [[Fine Guidance Sensor]]s (FGS) are primarily used to keep the telescope accurately pointed during an observation, but can also be used to carry out extremely accurate [[astrometry]]; measurements accurate to within 0.0003&nbsp;arcseconds have been achieved.<ref>{{cite conference |author=Benedict, G. Fritz; McArthur, Barbara E. |year=2005 |title=High-precision stellar parallaxes from Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensors |conference=Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy |booktitle=Proceedings of IAU Colloquium #196, |editor=D.W. Kurtz (ed.) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=333–346 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005tvnv.conf..333B}}</ref> === Ground support === [[File:Diagram of Hubble's orbit.jpg|thumb|Hubble's low orbit means many targets are visible for somewhat less than half of elapsed time, since they are blocked from view by the [[Earth]] for one-half of each orbit.]] {{Main|Space Telescope Science Institute}} The [[Space Telescope Science Institute]] ('''STScI''') is responsible for the scientific operation of the telescope and delivery of data products to astronomers. STScI is operated by the [[Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy]] (AURA) and is physically located in [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] on the Homewood campus of [[Johns Hopkins University]], one of the 33 US universities and seven international affiliates that make up the AURA consortium. STScI was established in 1981 <ref>[http://www.stsci.edu/institute/AURA Space Telescope Science Institute - AURA]</ref> after something of a power struggle between NASA and the scientific community at large. NASA had wanted to keep this function "in-house", but scientists wanted it to be based in an [[academia|academic]] establishment.<ref>Dunar, pp. 486–487.</ref><ref>Nancy Grace Roman, "Exploring the Universe: Space-Based Astronomy and Astrophysics", in [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol5/ExploreUnknown.pdf NASA SP-2001-4407: Exploring the Unknown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120024958/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol5/ExploreUnknown.pdf |date=2017-01-20 }} Chapter 3, p. 536.</ref> The [[Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility]] (ST-ECF), established at [[Garching bei München]] near [[Munich]] in 1984, provides similar support for European astronomers. One rather complex task that falls to STScI is scheduling observations for the telescope.<ref>Primer, Chapter 2.</ref> Hubble is in a low-Earth orbit so that it can be reached by the space shuttle for servicing missions, but this means that most astronomical targets are [[occultation|occulted]] by the Earth for slightly less than half of each orbit. Observations cannot take place when the telescope passes through the [[South Atlantic Anomaly]] due to elevated [[radiation]] levels, and there are also sizable exclusion zones around the Sun (precluding observations of [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]), Moon and Earth. The solar avoidance angle is about 50°, which is specified to keep sunlight from illuminating any part of the OTA. Earth and Moon avoidance is to keep bright light out of the FGSs and to keep scattered light from entering the instruments. If the FGSs are turned off, however, the Moon and Earth can be observed. Earth observations were used very early in the program to generate flat-fields for the WFPC1 instrument. There is a so-called continuous viewing zone (CVZ), at roughly 90&nbsp;degrees to the plane of Hubble's orbit, in which targets are not occulted for long periods. Due to the [[precession]] of the orbit, the location of the CVZ moves slowly over a period of eight weeks. Because the [[wikt:Limb|limb]] of the Earth is always within about 30° of regions within the CVZ, the brightness of scattered [[earthshine]] may be elevated for long periods during CVZ observations. Because Hubble orbits in the upper atmosphere, its orbit changes over time in a way that is not accurately predictable. The density of the upper atmosphere varies according to many factors, and this means that Hubble's predicted position for six weeks' time could be in error by up to 4,000&nbsp;km. Observation schedules are typically finalized only a few days in advance, as a longer lead time would mean there was a chance that the target would be unobservable by the time it was due to be observed.<ref>Diane Karakla, Editor and Susan Rose, Technical Editor (2004). ''HST Primer for Cycle 14''.</ref> Engineering support for HST is provided by NASA and contractor personnel at the Goddard Space Flight Center in [[Greenbelt, Maryland]], 48&nbsp;km south of the STScI. Hubble's operation is monitored 24&nbsp;hours per day by four teams of flight controllers who make up Hubble's Flight Operations Team.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/206047main_STOCC-FS-2007-09-090_12_4.pdf |format=PDF |title=Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4 Space Telescope Operations Control Center |publisher=NASA |access-date=2012-05-26 |archive-date=2011-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129101653/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/206047main_STOCC-FS-2007-09-090_12_4.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === ''Challenger'' disaster, delays, and eventual launch === By early 1986, the planned launch date of October that year looked feasible, but the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Challenger accident]] brought the U.S. space program to a halt, grounding the space shuttle fleet and forcing the launch of Hubble to be postponed for several years. The telescope had to be kept in a clean room, powered up and purged with nitrogen, until a launch could be rescheduled. This costly situation (about $6 million per month) pushed the overall costs of the project even higher. This delay did allow time for engineers to perform extensive tests, swap out a possibly failure-prone battery, and make other improvements.<ref>Tatarewicz, SP-4219, p. 371.</ref> Furthermore, the ground software needed to control Hubble was not ready in 1986, and in fact was barely ready by the 1990 launch.<ref>{{cite news |title=Telescope Is Set to Peer at Space and Time |author=John Wilford |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE3D6153AF93AA35757C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |publisher=New York Times |date= April 9, 1990 |accessdate=2009-01-19}}</ref> [[File:STS-31 Hubble launch roll and pitch.jpg|thumb|upright|Shuttle mission [[STS-31]] lifts off, carrying Hubble into orbit.]] Eventually, following the resumption of shuttle flights in 1988, the launch of the telescope was scheduled for 1990. On April 24, 1990, shuttle mission [[STS-31]] saw ''Discovery'' launch the telescope successfully into its planned orbit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-31/mission-sts-31.html |title=STS-31 |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2008-04-26 |archive-date=2011-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815191242/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-31/mission-sts-31.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> From its original total cost estimate of about US$400 million, the telescope had by now cost over $2.5 billion to construct. Hubble's cumulative costs up to this day are estimated to be several times higher still, with US expenditure estimated at between $4.5 and $6 billion, and Europe's financial contribution at €593 million (1999 estimate).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/faq.html |title=The European Homepage for the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope&nbsp;— Frequently Asked Questions |accessdate=2007-01-10 |archive-date=2011-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813140500/http://spacetelescope.org/about/faq/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Flawed mirror == Within weeks of the launch of the telescope, the returned images indicated a serious problem with the optical system. Although the first images appeared to be sharper than those of ground-based telescopes, Hubble failed to achieve a final sharp focus and the best image quality obtained was drastically lower than expected. Images of [[point source]]s spread out over a radius of more than one arcsecond, instead of having a [[point spread function]] (PSF) concentrated within a circle 0.1&nbsp;arcsec in diameter as had been specified in the design criteria.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Burrows C.J. |year=1991 |title=The imaging performance of the Hubble Space Telescope |journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=369 |page=L21 |doi=10.1086/185950 |url=http://ucp.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/resolve?doi=10.1086/185950 |bibcode=1991ApJ...369L..21B |coauthors=Holtzman, JA; Faber, SM; Bely, PY; Hasan, H; Lynda, CR; Schroeder, D }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stsci.edu/itt/review/ihb_cy14/WFPC2/ch5_psf2.html |title=WFPC2 Instrument Handbook |at=Chapter 5.1|publisher=STScI |accessdate= April 26, 2008|date=2004 |author=Heyer, Biretta et al |location=Baltimore |version=9.0}}</ref> [[File:1990 s31 IMAX view of HST release.jpg|thumb|right|Hubble is deployed from ''Discovery'' in 1990.]] Analysis of the flawed images showed that the cause of the problem was that the primary mirror had been ground to the wrong shape. Although it was probably the most precisely figured mirror ever made, with variations from the prescribed curve of only 10 nanometers,<ref name="ScienceSPF"/> at the perimeter it was too flat by about 2,200 nanometers (2.2 [[micrometre]]s).<ref name="Servicing Mission 1">{{cite web |url=http://hubble.nasa.gov/missions/sm1.php |title=Servicing Mission 1 |publisher=NASA |accessdate=April 26, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420202154/http://hubble.nasa.gov/missions/sm1.php |archivedate=April 20, 2008 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> This difference was catastrophic, introducing severe [[spherical aberration]], a flaw in which light reflecting off the edge of a mirror [[focus (optics)|focuses]] on a different point from the light reflecting off its center.<ref name="Tatarewicz, SP-4219, p. 375">Tatarewicz, p. 375.</ref> The effect of the mirror flaw on scientific observations depended on the particular observation—the core of the aberrated PSF was sharp enough to permit high-resolution observations of bright objects, and spectroscopy was largely unaffected. However, the loss of light to the large, out of focus halo severely reduced the usefulness of the telescope for faint objects or high-contrast imaging. This meant that nearly all of the cosmological programs were essentially impossible, since they required observation of exceptionally faint objects.<ref name="Tatarewicz, SP-4219, p. 375"/> NASA and the telescope became the butt of many jokes, and the project was popularly regarded as a [[white elephant]]. (For instance, in the 1991 comedy ''[[The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear]]'', the Hubble was pictured with the''[[RMS Titanic|Titanic]]'', the ''[[LZ 129 Hindenburg|Hindenburg]]'', and the [[Edsel]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102510/ |title=The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear |publisher=Internet Movie Database |accessdate= April 26, 2008}}</ref> Nonetheless, during the first three years of the Hubble mission, before the optical corrections, the telescope still carried out a large number of productive observations. The error was well characterized and stable, enabling astronomers to optimize the results obtained using sophisticated [[image processing]] techniques such as [[deconvolution]].<ref>Dunar, pp. 514–515.</ref> === Origin of the problem === [[File:Hubble PSF with flawed optics.jpg|thumb|An extract from a [[Wide Field and Planetary Camera|WF/PC]] image shows the light from a star spread over a wide area instead of being concentrated on a few pixels.]] A commission headed by [[Lew Allen]], director of the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], was established to determine how the error could have arisen. The Allen Commission found that the main [[null corrector]], a testing device used to achieve a properly shaped non-spherical mirror, had been incorrectly assembled—one lens was wrongly spaced by 1.3&nbsp;mm.<ref>Allen, Chapter VII. The spacing of the field lens in the corrector was to have been done by laser measurements off the end of an invar bar. Instead of illuminating the end of the bar, however, the laser in fact was reflected from a worn spot on a black-anodized metal cap placed over the end of the bar to isolate its center (visible through a hole in the cap). The technician who performed the test noted an unexpected gap between the field lens and its supporting structure in the corrector and filled it in with an ordinary metal washer.</ref> During the initial grinding and polishing of the mirror, Perkin-Elmer analyzed its surface with two conventional null correctors. However, for the final manufacturing step ([[figuring]]), they switched to a custom-built null corrector, designed explicitly to meet very strict tolerances. Ironically, this device was mis-assembled, resulting in an extremely precise (but wrong) shape for the mirror. There was one final opportunity to catch the error, since a few of the final tests needed to use conventional null correctors for various technical reasons. These tests correctly indicated [[spherical aberration]]. However, the company ignored these results, as it believed they were less accurate than the primary device which reported that the mirror was perfectly figured.<ref>Dunar, p. 512.</ref> The commission blamed the failings primarily on Perkin-Elmer. Relations between NASA and the optics company had been severely strained during the telescope construction, due to frequent schedule slippage and cost overruns. NASA found that Perkin-Elmer did not review or supervise the mirror construction adequately, did not assign its best optical scientists to the project (as it had for the prototype), and in particular did not involve the optical designers in the construction and verification of the mirror. While the commission heavily criticized Perkin-Elmer for these managerial failings, NASA was also criticized for not picking up on the quality control shortcomings, such as relying totally on test results from a single instrument.<ref>Allen, p. 10-1<!--this is a hyphenated page number, not a page range-->.</ref> === Design of a solution === [[File:Hubble Images of M100 Before and After Mirror Repair - GPN-2002-000064.jpg|thumb|right|The spiral galaxy [[Messier 100|M100]], imaged with Hubble before and after corrective optics.]] The design of the telescope had always incorporated servicing missions, and astronomers immediately began to seek potential solutions to the problem that could be applied at the first servicing mission, scheduled for 1993. While Kodak and Itek had each ground back-up mirrors for Hubble, it would have been impossible to replace the mirror in orbit, and too expensive and time-consuming to bring the telescope back to Earth for a refit. Instead, the fact that the mirror had been ground so precisely to the wrong shape led to the design of new optical components with exactly the same error but in the opposite sense, to be added to the telescope at the servicing mission, effectively acting as "[[Glasses|spectacles]]" to correct the spherical aberration.<ref>Chaisson, Eric (1994). ''The Hubble Wars; Astrophysics Meets Astropolitics in the Two-Billion-Dollar Struggle Over the Hubble Space Telescope.'' Harper Collins. ISBN 0-06-017114-6, p. 184.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Popular Science |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lQEAAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA72&ots=2RSVwr5jro&pg=PA72#v=onepage&f=false |date= October 1990 |title=The Trouble with Hubble |first=Arthur |last=Fisher |page=100|accessdate=November 8, 2012}}</ref> The first step was a precise characterization of the error in the main mirror. Working backwards from images of point sources, astronomers determined that the [[conic constant]] of the mirror as built was −1.01390±0.0002, instead of the intended −1.00230.<ref>{{cite techreport |author=Litvac, MM |publisher=TRW Inc |title=Image inversion analysis of the HST OTA (Hubble Space Telescope Optical Telescope Assembly), phase A |bibcode=1991trw..rept.....L |year=1991 |version=Final Technical Report |institution=TRW, Inc. Space and Technology Group|location=Redondo Beach, CA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Optical Prescription of the HST |id={{hdl|2014/31621}} |author=Redding, David C|date= July 1995 |publisher=NASA JPL |display-authors=1| |coauthors=Redding, D; Sirlin, S; Boden, A; Mo, J; Hanisch, B; Furey, L}}</ref> The same number was also derived by analyzing the null corrector used by Perkin-Elmer to figure the mirror, as well as by analyzing [[interferogram]]s obtained during ground testing of the mirror.<ref>Allen, Appendix E.</ref> [[File:COSTAR.png|thumb|left|COSTAR on display at the National Air and Space Museum]] Because of the way the HST's instruments were designed, two different sets of correctors were required. The design of the [[Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2]], already planned to replace the existing WF/PC, included relay mirrors to direct light onto the eight separate [[Charge-coupled device|CCD]] chips making up its two cameras. An inverse error built into their surfaces could completely cancel the aberration of the primary. However, the other instruments lacked any intermediate surfaces that could be figured in this way, and so required an external correction device.<ref name="Tatarewicz, SP-4219, p. 376">Tatarewicz, p. 376.</ref> The [[Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement]] (COSTAR) system was designed to correct the spherical aberration for light focused at the FOC, FOS, and GHRS. It consists of two mirrors in the light path with one ground to correct the aberration.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jedrzejewski, RI |year=1994 |title=In-orbit performance of the COSTAR-corrected Faint Object Camera |journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=435 |pages=L7–L10 |coauthors=Hartig, G; Jakobsen, P; Ford, HC |bibcode=1994ApJ...435L...7J |doi=10.1086/187581}}</ref> To fit the COSTAR system onto the telescope, one of the other instruments had to be removed, and astronomers selected the [[High Speed Photometer]] to be sacrificed.<ref name="Tatarewicz, SP-4219, p. 376"/> By 2002, all of the original instruments requiring COSTAR had been replaced by instruments with their own corrective optics.<ref name="COSTARNotNeeded"/> COSTAR was removed and returned to Earth in 2009 where it is exhibited at the National Air and Space Museum. The area previously used by COSTAR is now occupied by the [[Cosmic Origins Spectrograph]]. == Àwọn ìránlọṣe ìṣàtúnṣe àti àwọn irinṣẹ́ tuntun == <div style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding: 3px;"> <timeline> ImageSize= width:420 height:170 PlotArea = width:400 height:150 left:10 bottom:20 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:lightGray value:gray(0.999999) id:darkGray value:gray(0.2) id:ren value:rgb(0.6,1,1) id:bar value:rgb(0.6,1,0.6) id:cla value:rgb(1,1,0.6) BackgroundColors= canvas:lightGray Period = from:1990 till:2011 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor= unit:year increment:5 start:1990 gridcolor:darkgray PlotData= bar:&nbsp; from:1990 till:1993 color:Ren text:[[Wide Field and Planetary Camera|WFPC]] from:1993 till:2009 color:Bar text:[[Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2|WFPC2]] from:2009 till:2011 color:Cla text:[[Wide Field Camera 3|WFC3]] bar:&nbsp;&nbsp; from:1990 till:1997 color:Ren text:[[Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph|GHRS]] from:1997 till:2011 color:Bar text:[[Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer|NICMOS]] bar:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; from:1990 till:1993 color:Ren text:[[High Speed Photometer|HSP]] from:1993 till:2009 color:Bar text:[[Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement|COSTAR]] from:2009 till:2011 color:Cla text:[[Cosmic Origins Spectrograph|COS]] bar:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; from:1990 till:2002 color:Ren text:[[Faint Object Camera|FOC]] from:2002 till:2011 color:Bar text:[[Advanced Camera for Surveys|ACS]] bar:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; from:1990 till:1997 color:Ren text:[[Faint Object Spectrograph|FOS]] from:1997 till:2011 color:Bar text:[[Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph|STIS]] </timeline> </div> Hubble was designed to accommodate regular servicing and equipment upgrades. Five servicing missions (SM 1, 2, 3A, 3B, and 4) were flown by NASA [[space shuttle]]s, the first in December 1993 and the last in May 2009. Servicing missions were delicate operations that began with maneuvering to intercept the telescope in orbit and carefully retrieving it with the shuttle's [[Canadarm|mechanical arm]]. The necessary work was then carried out in multiple tethered [[spacewalk]]s over a period of four to five days. After a visual inspection of the telescope, astronauts conducted repairs, replaced failed or degraded components, upgraded equipment, and installed new instruments. Once work was completed, the telescope was redeployed, typically after boosting to a higher orbit to address any [[orbital decay]] caused by atmospheric [[drag (physics)|drag]]. === Ìránlọṣe Ìṣàtúnṣe 1 === {{Main|STS-61}} [[File:Upgrading Hubble during SM1.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Astronauts Musgrave and Hoffman install corrective optics during SM1]] After the problems with Hubble's mirror came to light, the first servicing mission assumed a much greater importance, as the astronauts would have to carry out extensive work on the telescope to install the corrective optics. The seven astronauts selected for the mission were trained intensively in the use of the hundred or more specialized tools that would be needed.<ref>Tatarewicz, pp. 384–387.</ref> SM1 flew aboard [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] in December 1993, and involved installation of several instruments and other equipment over 10 days. Most importantly, the [[High Speed Photometer]] was replaced with the [[Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement|COSTAR]] corrective optics package, and WFPC was replaced with the [[Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2]] (WFPC2) with its internal optical correction system. In addition, the [[Photovoltaic module|solar arrays]] and their drive electronics were replaced, as well as four of the [[gyroscope]]s used in the telescope pointing system, two electrical control units and other electrical components, and two magnetometers. The onboard computers were upgraded, and the telescope's orbit was boosted.<ref name="Servicing Mission 1"/> On January 13, 1994, NASA declared the mission a complete success and showed the first of many much sharper images.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Trauger, J.T. |year=1994|title=The on-orbit performance of WFPC2 |journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=435 |pages=L3–L6 |bibcode=1994ApJ...435L...3T |doi=10.1086/187580|author-separator=, |author2=Ballester G.E. |author3=Burrows C.J. |author4=Casertano S. |author5=Clarke J.T. |author6=Crisp D.. |display-authors=1 |last7=Evans|first7=Robin W. |last8=Gallagher |first8=John S., III |last9=Griffiths |first9=Richard E.}}</ref> At the time, the mission was one of the most complex ever undertaken, involving five lengthy periods of [[extra-vehicular activity]], and its resounding success was an enormous boon for NASA, as well as for the astronomers who now had a fully capable space telescope. === Ìránlọṣe Ìṣàtúnṣe 2 === {{Main|STS-82}} [[File:Hubble Space Telescope (27946391011).jpg|thumb|right|Hubble as seen from ''Discovery'' during its second servicing mission]] Servicing Mission 2, flown by ''Discovery'' in February 1997, replaced the GHRS and the FOS with the [[Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph]] (STIS) and the [[Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer]] (NICMOS), replaced an Engineering and Science Tape Recorder with a new Solid State Recorder, and repaired thermal insulation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hubble.nasa.gov/missions/sm2.php |title=Servicing Mission 2 |publisher=NASA |accessdate=April 26, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419153631/http://hubble.nasa.gov/missions/sm2.php |archivedate=April 19, 2008 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> NICMOS contained a [[heat sink]] of solid [[nitrogen]] to reduce the [[thermal noise]] from the instrument, but shortly after it was installed, an unexpected [[thermal expansion]] resulted in part of the heat sink coming into contact with an optical baffle. This led to an increased warming rate for the instrument and reduced its original expected lifetime of 4.5 years to about 2 years.<ref name="NICMOStemp">{{cite web |url=http://www.stsci.edu/hst/nicmos/performance/temperature |title=NICMOS Thermal History |publisher=STScI |accessdate= April 26, 2008}}</ref><!--This reference only generally supports these two sentences, and does not give numbers such as the expected lifetime figures stated here.--> === Ìránlọṣe Ìṣàtúnṣe 3A === {{Main|STS-103}} Servicing Mission 3A, flown by ''Discovery'', took place in December 1999, and was a split-off from Servicing Mission 3 after three of the six onboard gyroscopes had failed. A fourth failed a few weeks before the mission, rendering the telescope incapable of performing scientific observations. The mission replaced all six gyroscopes, replaced a [[Fine Guidance Sensor]] and the computer, installed a Voltage/temperature Improvement Kit (VIK) to prevent battery overcharging, and replaced thermal insulation blankets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sm3a.gsfc.nasa.gov/overview.html |title=Servicing Mission 3A Overview |publisher=NASA |accessdate=April 26, 2008 |archive-date=May 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509190700/http://sm3a.gsfc.nasa.gov/overview.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> The new computer is 20 times faster, with six times more memory, than the [[DF-224]] it replaced. It increases throughput by moving some computing tasks from the ground to the spacecraft, and saves money by allowing the use of modern programming languages.<ref>{{cite techreport|url=http://hubble.nasa.gov/a_pdf/news/SM3A-MediaGuide.pdf |format=PDF|title= Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 3A Media Reference Guide |publisher=NASA|author=Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space |accessdate= April 27, 2008 |pages=5–9 and Section 7.1.1}}</ref> === Ìránlọṣe Ìṣàtúnṣe 3B === {{Main|STS-109}} Servicing Mission 3B flown by ''Columbia'' in March 2002 saw the installation of a new instrument, with the FOC (the last original instrument) being replaced by the[[Advanced Camera for Surveys]] (ACS). This meant that COSTAR was no longer required, since all new instruments had built-in correction for the main mirror aberration.<ref name="COSTARNotNeeded">{{cite web |at=Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement |title=HST|url=http://www.stsci.edu/hst/HST_overview/index_html#costar |publisher=STScI|accessdate=November 4, 2012}}</ref> The mission also revived NICMOS<ref name="NICMOStemp"/> and replaced the solar arrays for the second time, providing 30 percent more power.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hubble.nasa.gov/missions/sm3b.php |title= Servicing Mission 3 |publisher= NASA |accessdate= April 26, 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080407164008/http://hubble.nasa.gov/missions/sm3b.php |archivedate= April 7, 2008 |dead-url= yes }}</ref> {{clear}} === Ìránlọṣe Ìṣàtúnṣe 4 === {{Main|STS-125}} {{Wikinews|NASA launches Space Shuttle Atlantis}} {{double image|right|STS-125 May 17 EVA.jpg|120|Hubble telescope 2009.jpg|120|Hubble during SM4 and after release}} Plans called for Hubble to be serviced in February 2005, but the [[Columbia disaster|''Columbia'' disaster]] in 2003, in which ''Columbia'' disintegrated on re-entry into the atmosphere, had wide-ranging effects on the Hubble program. NASA Administrator [[Sean O'Keefe]] decided that all future shuttle missions had to be able to reach the safe haven of the [[International Space Station]] should in-flight problems develop. As no shuttles were capable of reaching both HST and the ISS during the same mission, future manned service missions were canceled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stsci.edu/resources/sm4meeting.html |title=Servicing Mission 4 Cancelled|publisher=STScI |date=January 16, 2004 |accessdate=April 28, 2008}}</ref> This decision was assailed by numerous astronomers, who felt that Hubble was valuable enough to merit the human risk. HST's planned successor, the [[James Webb Telescope]], is not expected to launch until at least 2018. A gap in space-observing capabilities between a decommissioning of Hubble and the commissioning of a successor is of major concern to many astronomers, given the significant scientific impact of HST.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nsf.gov/mps/ast/aaac/reports/annual/aaac_2004_report.pdf |format=PDF|title=2004 Annual Report |publisher=Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee |at=Section 3.1&nbsp;– The Scientific Impact of the HST SM4 Cancellation|date=March 15, 2004|accessdate=November 5, 2012}}</ref> The consideration that JWST will not be located in [[low Earth orbit]], and therefore cannot be easily upgraded or repaired in the event of an early failure, only makes these concerns more acute. On the other hand, many astronomers felt strongly that the servicing of Hubble should not take place if the expense were to come from the JWST budget. [[File:NGC_6302_Hubble_2009.full.jpg|thumb|upright|left|SM4 installed the WFC3, which captured this image of the [[NGC 6302|Butterfly Nebula]].]] In January 2004, O'Keefe said he would review his decision to cancel the final servicing mission to HST due to public outcry and requests from Congress for NASA to look for a way to save it. The National Academy of Sciences convened an official panel, which recommended in July 2004 that the HST should be preserved despite the apparent risks. Their report urged "NASA should take no actions that would preclude a space shuttle servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/14/us/panel-urges-nasa-to-save-hubble-space-telescope.html |title=Panel Urges NASA to Save Hubble Space Telescope |publisher=New York Times |author=Warren E. Leary |date=July 14, 2004 |accessdate= November 8, 2012 }}</ref> In August 2004, O'Keefe asked Goddard Space Flight Center to prepare a detailed proposal for a robotic service mission. These plans were later canceled, the robotic mission being described as "not feasible".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/04/12/AR2005041201646.html |title=Nominee Backs a Review Of NASA's Hubble Decision |first=Guy |last=Gugliotta|date=April 12, 2005 |accessdate=January 10, 2007 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> In late 2004, several Congressional members, led by Senator [[Barbara Mikulski]], held public hearings and carried on a fight with much public support (including thousands of letters from school children across the country) to get the Bush Administration and NASA to reconsider the decision to drop plans for a Hubble rescue mission.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://mikulski.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=231696 |title=Mikulski Vows To Fight For Hubble |date=February 7, 2005 |accessdate=April 26, 2008 |publisher=[[Barbara Mikulski]] |archive-date=April 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430100658/http://mikulski.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=231696 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> The nomination in April 2005 of a new NASA Administrator, [[Michael D. Griffin]], changed the situation, as Griffin stated he would consider a manned servicing mission.<ref name="Green Light">{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15489217/ |title=NASA gives green light to Hubble rescue|first=Alan |last=Boyle|publisher=MSNBC |date=October 31, 2006 |accessdate=January 10, 2007 }}</ref> Soon after his appointment Griffin authorized Goddard to proceed with preparations for a manned Hubble maintenance flight, saying he would make the final decision after the next two shuttle missions. In October 2006 Griffin gave the final go-ahead, and the 11-day mission by ''Atlantis'' was scheduled for October 2008. Hubble's main data-handling unit failed in September 2008,<ref name="suddenly quiet">{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/37004/description/Hubble_suddenly_quiet |title=Hubble suddenly quiet |last=Cowen |first=Ron |publisher=ScienceNews|date= |accessdate=November 8, 2012|date=September 29, 2008}}</ref> halting all reporting of scientific data until its back-up was brought online on October 25, 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn15056-hubble-reopens-an-eye.html |title=Hubble re-opens an eye |last=Courtland |first=Rachel |publisher=New Scientist |date=October 28, 2008 |accessdate=October 29, 2008 |archive-date=October 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029124801/http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn15056-hubble-reopens-an-eye.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Since a failure of the backup unit would leave the HST helpless, the service mission was postponed to incorporate a replacement for the primary unit.<ref name="suddenly quiet" /> Servicing Mission 4, flown by ''Atlantis'' in May 2009, was the last scheduled shuttle mission for HST.<ref name="SM4">{{cite web|url=http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/hubble_essentials/ |title=Hubble Essentials|publisher=STScI |accessdate=November 8, 2012}}</ref><ref name="May09">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2008/dec/HQ_08-320_Hubble_May2009.html|title=NASA Sets Target Shuttle Launch Date for Hubble Servicing Mission |publisher=NASA |date=December 4, 2008 |accessdate=December 5, 2008}}</ref> SM4 installed the replacement data-handling unit, repaired the ACS and STIS systems, installed improved [[nickel hydrogen battery|nickel hydrogen batteries]], and replaced other components. SM4 also installed two new observation instruments—[[Wide Field Camera 3]] (WTF3) and the [[Cosmic Origins Spectrograph]](COS)<ref name=HST_Opens>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/ero_images.html |title=Hubble Opens New Eyes on the Universe |publisher=NASA|date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate= May 28, 2012}}</ref>—and the Soft Capture and Rendezvous System, which will enable the future rendezvous, capture, and safe disposal of Hubble by either a crewed or robotic mission.<ref name="Soft Capture">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/servicing/SM4/main/SCRS_FS_HTML.html |title=The Soft Capture and Rendezvous System |publisher=NASA |accessdate=May 20, 2009 |archive-date=September 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911224222/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/servicing/SM4/main/SCRS_FS_HTML.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> The work accomplished during SM4 is expected to render the telescope fully functioning at least into the year 2014, and perhaps longer.<ref name="SM4" /> == Àwọn àwábọ̀ fún sáyẹ́nsì == === Iṣẹ́ọwọ́ oníkókó === In the early 1980s, NASA and STScI convened four panels to discuss Key Projects. These were projects that were both scientifically important and would require significant telescope time, which would be explicitly dedicated to each project. This guaranteed that these particular projects would be completed early, in case the telescope failed sooner than expected. The panels identified three such projects: (1) a study of the nearby intergalactic medium using quasar absorption lines to determine the properties of the intergalactic medium and the gaseous content of galaxies and groups of galaxies;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bahcall |first1=JN |last2=Bergeron |first2=J |last3=Boksenberg |first3=A |last4=Hartig |first4=GF |last5=Jannuzi |first5=BT |last6=Kuuiakos |first6=S|last7=Sargent |first7=WLW |last8=Savage |first8=BD |last9=Schneider |first9=DP |last10=Turnshek |first10=DA; |last11=Weymann |first11=RJ |last12=Wolfe |first12=AM |title=The Hubble Space Telescope Quasar Absorption Line Key Project. I. First Observational Results, Including Lyman-Alpha and Lyman-Limit Systems |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=87 |pages=1–43 |issn=0067-0049 |year=1993 |bibcode=1993ApJS...87....1B}}</ref> (2) a medium deep survey using the Wide Field Camera to take data whenever one of the other instruments was being used<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Hubble Space Telescope Medium Deep Survey Cluster Sample: Methodology and Data |url=http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/116/6/2644 |last1=Ostrander |first1=EJ |last2=Nichol |first2=RC |last3=Ratnatunga |first3=KU |last4=Griffiths |first4=RE |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=116 |issue=6 |page=2644 |year=1998 |doi=10.1086/300627 |bibcode=1998AJ....116.2644O |arxiv= astro-ph/9808304}}</ref> and (3) a project to determine the [[Hubble Constant]] within ten percent by reducing the errors, both external and internal, in the calibration of the distance scale.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~huchra/hubble/ |title=The Hubble Constant |accessdate= January 11, 2011|authorlink1=John Huchra |last=Huchra |first=John}}</ref> === Àwọn àwárí pàtàkì === [[File:Eagle nebula pillars.jpg|thumb|One of Hubble's most famous images, ''[[Pillars of Creation]]'' shows stars forming in the [[Eagle Nebula]]]] [[File:Saturn.Aurora.HST.UV-Vis.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Hubble's STIS UV and ACS visible light are combined to reveal Saturn's southern aurora.]] The Hubble has helped to resolve some long-standing problems in astronomy, as well as turning up results that have required new [[scientific theory|theories]] to explain them. Among its primary mission targets was to measure distances to [[Cepheid variable]] stars more accurately than ever before, and thus [[Hubble's law#Using Hubble space telescope data|constrain the value]] of the [[Hubble constant]], the measure of the rate at which the universe is expanding, which is also related to its age. Before the launch of HST, estimates of the Hubble constant typically had [[errors and residuals in statistics|errors]] of up to 50%, but Hubble measurements of Cepheid variables in the [[Virgo Cluster]] and other distant galaxy clusters provided a measured value with an accuracy of ±10%, which is consistent with other more accurate measurements made since Hubble's launch using other techniques.<ref>{{cite journal |bibcode=2001ApJ...553...47F |title= Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2001-05-20_553_1/page/47 |last1=Freedman |first1=WL |coauthors= Madore, BF; Gibson, BK; Ferrarese, L; Kelson, DD; Sakai, S; Mould, JR; Kennicutt, RC Jr et al |journal=The [[Astrophysical Journal|The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=553 |issue=1 |pages=47–72 |doi=10.1086/320638 |year=2001 |arxiv= astro-ph/0012376 |last8=Kennicutt }} Preprint [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0012376 available here].</ref> While Hubble helped to refine estimates of the age of the universe, it also cast doubt on theories about its future. Astronomers from the [[High-z Supernova Search Team]] and the [[Supernova Cosmology Project]] used the telescope to observe distant [[supernova]]e and uncovered evidence that, far from decelerating under the influence of [[gravity]], the expansion of the universe may in fact be [[Deceleration parameter|accelerating]]. This acceleration was later measured more accurately by other ground-based and space-based telescopes, confirming Hubble's finding. The cause of this acceleration remains poorly understood;<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=does-dark-energy-exist |title= Does Dark Energy Really Exist? |last1=Clifton |first1=Timothy |last2=Ferreira |first2=Pedro G |journal= Scientific American |date=March 23, 2009 |accessdate= June 16, 2009}}</ref> the most common cause attributed is [[dark energy]].<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Science |date= June 20, 2003 |volume=300 |pmid=12817137 |issue=5627 |pages= 1896–1897 |doi=10.1126/science.300.5627.1896 |title= Dark Energy Tiptoes Toward the Spotlight |first=Charles |last=Seife}}</ref> The high-resolution spectra and images provided by the HST have been especially well-suited to establishing the prevalence of [[black hole]]s in the nuclei of nearby galaxies. While it had been hypothesized in the early 1960s that black holes would be found at the centers of some galaxies, and work in the 1980s identified a number of good black hole candidates, it fell to work conducted with Hubble to show that black holes are probably common to the centers of all galaxies.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/caption/hst_blkhole.txt |title= Hubble Confirms Existence of Massive Black Hole at Heart of Active Galaxy |publisher= Goddard Space Flight Center |date= May 25, 1994 |accessdate= April 26, 2008 |archive-date= September 18, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110918102629/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/caption/hst_blkhole.txt |dead-url= yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=A Relationship between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion |author=Gebhardt, K |coauthors=Bender, R; Bower, G; Dressler, A; Faber, SM; Filippenko, AV; Green, R; Grillmair, C; Ho, LC; Kormendy, J et al |journal= The Astrophysical Journal |volume=539 |pages=L13–L16 |year=2000 |doi=10.1086/312840 |issue=1 |bibcode= 2000ApJ...539L..13G |arxiv=astro-ph/0006289}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=A Fundamental Relationship between Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies |last=Ferrarese |first=Laura |last2= Merritt |first2= David |author2-link= David Merritt |journal= The Astrophysical Journal |volume=539 |pages= L9–L12 |year= 2000 |bibcode= 2000ApJ...539L...9F |doi=10.1086/312838 |issue=1|arxiv= astro-ph/0006053 }}</ref> The Hubble programs further established that the masses of the nuclear black holes and properties of the galaxies are closely related. The legacy of the Hubble programs on black holes in galaxies is thus to demonstrate a deep connection between galaxies and their central black holes. [[File:Hubble Extreme Deep Field (full resolution).png|thumb|left|upright|Hubble Extreme Deep Field image of space in the constellation [[Fornax]]]] The collision of [[Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9]] with [[Jupiter]] in 1994 was fortuitously timed for astronomers, coming just a few months after Servicing Mission 1 had restored Hubble's optical performance. Hubble images of the [[planet]] were sharper than any taken since the passage of [[Voyager 2]] in 1979, and were crucial in studying the dynamics of the collision of a comet with Jupiter, an event believed to occur once every few centuries. Other major discoveries made using Hubble data include proto-planetary disks ([[proplyd]]s) in the [[Orion Nebula]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1994/24/text/ |title=Hubble Confirms Abundance of Protoplanetary Disks around Newborn Stars |publisher=STScI |date= June 13, 1994 |accessdate= April 26, 2008}}</ref> evidence for the presence of [[extrasolar planet]]s around sun-like stars;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/exoplanet_transit.html |title=Hubble Finds Extrasolar Planets Far Across Galaxy |publisher=NASA |date= October 4, 2006 |accessdate= April 26, 2008}}</ref> and the optical counterparts of the still-mysterious [[gamma ray burst]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast26mar99_1.htm |title=Autopsy of an Explosion |publisher=NASA |date=March 26, 1999 |accessdate=April 26, 2008 |archive-date=June 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630101413/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/ast26mar99_1/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> HST has also been used to study objects in the outer reaches of the Solar System, including the dwarf planets [[Pluto]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap960311.html |title=APOD: March 11, 1996&nbsp;– Hubble Telescope Maps Pluto |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref> and [[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/24/full/ |title=Astronomers Measure Mass of Largest Dwarf Planet |publisher=STScI |date=June 14, 2007 |accessdate=April 26, 2008}}</ref> A unique legacy of Hubble are the [[Hubble Deep Field]], [[Hubble Ultra-Deep Field]], and [[Hubble Extreme Deep Field]] images, which utilized Hubble's unmatched sensitivity at visible wavelengths to create images of small patches of sky that are the deepest ever obtained at optical wavelengths. The images reveal galaxies billions of light years away, and have generated a wealth of scientific papers, providing a new window on the early Universe. The non-standard object [[SCP 06F6]] was discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope in February 2006.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080919/full/news.2008.1122.html |title=How they wonder what you are |journal=Nature |date=September 19,2008 |accessdate=November 4, 2012 |last=Brumfiel |first=Geoff}}</ref><ref name=gans>{{cite journal|author=Gänsicke, BT; Levan, AJ; Marsh, TR; Wheatley, PJ |title=SCP06F6: A carbon-rich extragalactic transient at redshift z~0.14? |year=2009 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/L129 |arxiv=0809.2562 |volume=697 |issue=1 |pages=L129–L132}}</ref> During June and July 2012, US astronomers using Hubble discovered a tiny fifth moon moving around icy Pluto.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/hubble-discovers-fifth-and-tiniest-pluto-moon/973490/0 |title= Hubble discovers fifth and tiniest Pluto moon |work=The Indian Express |date= July 12, 2012}}</ref> === Ipa lórí ìtòràwọ̀ === [[Image:Hubble Probes the Early Universe.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|alt=Depiction of progress in the detection of the early Universe|Evolution of detecting the [[Timeline of the Big Bang|early Universe]]]] Many objective measures show the positive impact of Hubble data on astronomy. Over 9,000 papers based on Hubble data have been published in peer-reviewed journals,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.stsci.edu/hst/bibliography/pubstat.html |title=HST Publication Statistics |publisher=STScI |accessdate=September 9, 2009}}</ref> and countless more have appeared in conference [[proceedings]]. Looking at papers several years after their publication, about one-third of all astronomy papers have no [[citation]]s, while only 2% of papers based on Hubble data have no citations. On average, a paper based on Hubble data receives about twice as many citations as papers based on non-Hubble data. Of the 200 papers published each year that receive the most citations, about 10% are based on Hubble data.<ref> ''STScI Newsletter'' '''20''' (2). Spring 2003.</ref> Although the HST has clearly helped astronomical research, its financial cost has been large. A study on the relative astronomical benefits of different sizes of telescopes found that while papers based on HST data generate 15 times as many citations as a 4&nbsp;m ground-based telescope such as the [[William Herschel Telescope]], the HST costs about 100 times as much to build and maintain.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Benn, CR; Sánchez, SF |year=2001 |title=Scientific Impact of Large Telescopes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-society-of-the-pacific-publications_2001-03_113_781/page/385 |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |volume= 113 |issue=781 |page=385 |doi=10.1086/319325 |bibcode=2001PASP..113..385B|arxiv= astro-ph/0010304 }}. arXiv [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0010304 preprint].</ref> Deciding between building ground- versus space-based telescopes is complex. Even before Hubble was launched, specialized ground-based techniques such as [[aperture masking interferometry]] had obtained higher-resolution optical and infrared images than Hubble would achieve, though restricted to targets about 10<sup>8</sup> times brighter than the faintest targets observed by Hubble.<ref>{{cite journal |bibcode=1987Natur.328..694H |author=Haniff, CA; Mackay, CD; Titterington, DJ; Sivia, D; Baldwin, JE, |title=The first images from optical aperture synthesis |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1987-08-20_328_6132/page/694 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]| volume=328| month=August |issue=6132 |year=1987| page= 694 |doi=10.1038/328694a0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |bibcode=1990MNRAS.245P...7B |author=Buscher, DF; Baldwin, JE; Warner, PJ; Haniff, CA |title=Detection of a bright feature on the surface of Betelgeuse |journal=Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society| volume=245| month=July |year=1990| page=7}}</ref> Since then, advances in [[adaptive optics]] have extended the high-resolution imaging capabilities of ground-based telescopes to the infrared imaging of faint objects. The usefulness of adaptive optics versus HST observations depends strongly on the particular details of the research questions being asked. In the visible bands, adaptive optics can only correct a relatively small field of view, whereas HST can conduct high-resolution optical imaging over a wide field. Only a small fraction of astronomical objects are accessible to high-resolution ground-based imaging; in contrast Hubble can perform high-resolution observations of any part of the night sky, and on objects that are extremely faint. == Usage == [[File:PhilcUK-1274438506.jpg|thumb|right|A pillar of gas and dust in the [[Carina Nebula]]. This [[Wide Field Camera 3]] image, dubbed "[[Mystic Mountain]]", was released in 2010 to commemorate Hubble's 20th anniversary in space.]] Anyone can apply for time on the telescope; there are no restrictions on nationality or academic affiliation.<ref>"HST Call for Proposals", [http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/2_Submission_Policies4.html Chapter 2.3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525142402/http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/2_Submission_Policies4.html |date=2013-05-25 }}.</ref> Competition for time on the telescope is intense, and only about one-fifth of the proposals submitted in each cycle earn time on the schedule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stsci.edu/hst/HST_overview |title=HST Overview |publisher=NASA |date=June 21, 2010 |accessdate=November 4, 2012 |at=Mission Operations and Observations}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/team_hubble/ |title=Team Hubble |publisher=STScI |accessdate=November 5, 2012 |quote=Each year more than 1,000 proposals are reviewed and approximately 200 are selected.}}</ref> Calls for proposals are issued roughly annually, with time allocated for a cycle lasting about one year. Proposals are divided into several categories; 'general observer' proposals are the most common, covering routine observations. 'Snapshot observations' are those in which targets require only 45 minutes or less of telescope time, including overheads such as acquiring the target; snapshot observations are used to fill in gaps in the telescope schedule that cannot be filled by regular GO programs.<ref>"HST Call for Proposals", http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/3_Proposal_Categories4.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126190944/http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/3_Proposal_Categories4.html |date=2012-01-26 }} Chapter 2.3.</ref> Astronomers may make 'Target of Opportunity' proposals, in which observations are scheduled if a transient event covered by the proposal occurs during the scheduling cycle. In addition, up to 10% of the telescope time is designated Director's Discretionary (DD) Time. Astronomers can apply to use DD time at any time of year, and it is typically awarded for study of unexpected transient phenomena such as supernovae.<ref>"HST Call for Proposals", [http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/3_Proposal_Categories9.html Chapter 3.8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516225441/http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/3_Proposal_Categories9.html |date=2008-05-16 }}.</ref> Other uses of DD time have included the observations that led to the production of the Hubble Deep Field and Hubble Ultra Deep Field, and in the first four cycles of telescope time, observations carried out by amateur astronomers. === Amateur observations === The first director of STScI, [[Riccardo Giacconi]], announced in 1986 that he intended to devote some of his Director Discretionary time to allowing [[amateur astronomy|amateur astronomers]] to use the telescope. The total time to be allocated was only a few hours per cycle, but excited great interest among amateur astronomers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1992/1992/23/text/ |title=Amateur Astronomers Will Use NASA's Hubble Space Telescope |publisher=STScI |date=September 10, 1992 |accessdate=April 26, 2008}}</ref> Proposals for amateur time were stringently [[peer review]]ed by a committee of leading amateur astronomers, and time was awarded only to proposals that were deemed to have genuine scientific merit, did not duplicate proposals made by professionals, and required the unique capabilities of the space telescope. In total, 13 amateur astronomers were awarded time on the telescope, with observations being carried out between 1990 and 1997. One such study was [[Transition Comets&nbsp;— UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids]]. The very first proposal, "A Hubble Space Telescope Study of Post Eclipse Brightening and Albedo Changes on Io", was published in Icarus,<ref>{{cite journal |author= Secosky J; Potter M |year= 1994 |title= A Hubble Space Telescope Study of Posteclipse Brightening and Albedo Changes on Io |url= |journal= Icarus |volume= 111 |issue= |pages= 73–78 |doi= 10.1006/icar.1994.1134 |bibcode= 1994Icar..111...73S}}</ref> a journal devoted to solar system studies. After that time, however, budget reductions at STScI made the support of work by amateur astronomers untenable, and no further amateur programs have been carried out.<ref>O'Meara, Stephen J (June 1997). "The Demise of the HST Amateur Program". ''Sky and Telescope'' '''96''' (6): 97. {{bibcode|1997S&T....93f..97O}}.</ref> === 20th anniversary === The Hubble Telescope celebrated its 20th anniversary in space on April 22, 2010. To commemorate the occasion, NASA, ESA, and Space Telescope Institute (STScI) released an image from the [[Carina Nebula]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2010/13/ |title=Starry-Eyed Hubble Celebrates 20 Years of Awe and Discovery|author=STScI|date= April 22, 2010|accessdate=November 4, 2012}}</ref> == Hubble data == === Transmission to Earth === Hubble data was initially stored on the spacecraft. When launched, the storage facilities were old-fashioned reel-to-reel [[tape recorder]]s, but these were replaced by [[solid-state drive|solid state]] data storage facilities during servicing missions 2 and 3A. About twice daily, the Hubble Space Telescope radios data to a satellite in the [[geosynchronous]] [[Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System]], which then downlinks the science data to one of two 60-foot (18-meter) diameter high-gain microwave antennas located at the [[White Sands Test Facility]] in [[White Sands, New Mexico|White Sands]], [[New Mexico]].<ref name="Telemetry">{{cite web|url=http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/team_hubble/ |title=Team Hubble |publisher=STScI |at=Data Management |accessdate=November 5, 2012}}</ref> From there they are sent to the Space Telescope Operations Control Center at Goddard Space Flight Center, and finally to the Space Telescope Science Institute for archiving.<ref name="Telemetry" /> Each week, HST downlinks approximately 120 gigabytes of data.<ref>{{cite web|title=JPL Horizons Object Data Page, Hubble Space Telescope |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi#results |publisher=JPL}}</ref><!--this source doesn't appear to provide this figure.--> === Archives === All Hubble data is eventually made available via the [[archive]]s at STScI,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.stsci.edu/hst |title=The Hubble Telescope |publisher=STScI|accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref> CADC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cadcwww.dao.nrc.ca/hst/|title=CADC's Hubble Space Telescope Archive|publisher=CADC|accessdate=2008-04-26|archive-date=2011-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706191224/http://cadcwww.dao.nrc.ca/hst/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> and [[ESO]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.eso.org/cms/hubble-space-telescope-data|title=Hubble Space Telescope Data - Science Archive Facility |publisher=ESO |accessdate=2010-10-27}}</ref><!--These are courtesy links, not citations; should rethink this.--> Data is usually proprietary—available only to the [[principal investigator]] (PI) and astronomers designated by the PI—for one year after being taken. The PI can apply to the director of the STScI to extend or reduce the proprietary period in some circumstances.<ref>"HST Call for Proposals", [http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/5_Data_Rights2.html Chapter 5.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401032732/http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/5_Data_Rights2.html |date=2018-04-01 }}.</ref> Observations made on Director's Discretionary Time are exempt from the proprietary period, and are released to the public immediately. Calibration data such as flat fields and [[dark frame]]s are also publicly available straight away. All data in the archive is in the [[FITS]] format, which is suitable for astronomical analysis but not for public use.<ref>"HST Primer for Cycle 20", [http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/primer/Ch_73.html#1878745 Chapter 7.2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508102040/http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/primer/Ch_73.html#1878745 |date=2018-05-08 }}.</ref> The [[Hubble Heritage Project]] processes and releases to the public a small selection of the most striking images in [[JPEG]] and [[Tagged Image File Format|TIFF]] formats.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heritage.stsci.edu/commonpages/infoindex/ourproject/moreproject.html|title=The Hubble Heritage Project |publisher=STScI |accessdate=November 05, 2012}}</ref> === Pipeline reduction === [[File:Cumulative-absorption-spectrum-hubble-telescope.jpg|thumb|Data analysis of a spectrum reveals the chemistry of hidden clouds]] Astronomical data taken with [[Charge-coupled device|CCDs]] must undergo several calibration steps before they are suitable for astronomical analysis. STScI has developed sophisticated software that automatically calibrates data when they are requested from the archive using the best calibration files available. This 'on-the-fly' processing means that large data requests can take a day or more to be processed and returned. The process by which data are calibrated automatically is known as 'pipeline reduction', and is increasingly common at major observatories. Astronomers may if they wish retrieve the calibration files themselves and run the pipeline reduction software locally. This may be desirable when calibration files other than those selected automatically need to be used.<ref>"HST Primer", [http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/primer/Ch_72.html#1944832 Chapter 7.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508101924/http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/primer/Ch_72.html#1944832 |date=2018-05-08 }}.</ref> === Data analysis === Hubble data can be analysed using many different packages. STScI maintains the custom-made STSDAS (Space Telescope Science Data Analysis System) software, which contains all the programs needed to run pipeline reduction on raw data files, as well as many other astronomical image processing tools, tailored to the requirements of Hubble data. The software runs as a module of [[IRAF]], a popular astronomical data reduction program.<ref>"HST Primer", [http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/primer/Ch_72.html#1944832 Chapter 7.1.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508101924/http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/primer/Ch_72.html#1944832 |date=2018-05-08 }}.</ref> == Outreach activities == [[Image:Horsehead-Hubble.jpg|thumb|In 2001, NASA polled internet users to find out what they would most like Hubble to observe; they overwhelmingly selected the [[Horsehead Nebula]].]] It has always been important for the Space Telescope to capture the public's imagination, given the considerable contribution of [[taxpayer]]s to its construction and operational costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.nasa.gov/pdf/1968main_strategi.pdf|format=PDF|title=National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2003 Strategic Plan|publisher=NASA|accessdate=November 5, 2012|archive-date=October 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018124755/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/1968main_strategi.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> After the difficult early years when the faulty mirror severely dented Hubble's reputation with the public, the first servicing mission allowed its rehabilitation as the corrected optics produced numerous remarkable images. Several initiatives have helped to keep the public informed about Hubble activities. The [[Hubble Heritage Project]] was established to provide the public with high-quality images of the most interesting and striking objects observed. The Heritage team is composed of amateur and professional astronomers, as well as people with backgrounds outside astronomy, and emphasizes the [[aesthetic]] nature of Hubble images. The Heritage Project is granted a small amount of time to observe objects which, for scientific reasons, may not have images taken at enough wavelengths to construct a full-color image.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heritage.stsci.edu/commonpages/infoindex/ourproject/moreproject.html |title=The Hubble Heritage Project |publisher=STScI |accessdate=November 5, 2012}}</ref> STScI maintains several comprehensive websites for the general public containing Hubble images and information about the observatory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/ |title=HubbleSite |publisher=STScI |accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/ |title=NewsCenter |publisher=STScI |accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/ |title=News Release Archive: Entire Collection |publisher=STScI |accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/about_us/public-talks.shtml |title=Hubble Public Talks |publisher=STScI |accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref><!--more courtesy links--> The outreach efforts are coordinated by the Office for Public Outreach, which was established in 2000 to ensure that US taxpayers saw the benefits of their investment in the space telescope program. [[File:Hubblecast.png|left|100px|alt=Hubblecast logo of a transmitting satellite]] {{anchor|Hubblecast}}Since 1999, the leading Hubble outreach group in Europe has been the [[Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre]] (HEIC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/ |title=The European Homepage For The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope |publisher=ESA |accessdate=2008-04-26 |archive-date=2011-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221210501/http://www.spacetelescope.org/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><!--courtesy link--> This office was established at the [[Space Telescope - European Coordinating Facility]] in Munich, Germany. HEIC's mission is to fulfill HST outreach and education tasks for the European Space Agency. The work is centered on the production of news and photo releases that highlight interesting Hubble results and images. These are often European in origin, and so increase awareness of both ESA’s Hubble share (15%) and the contribution of European scientists to the observatory. ESA produces innovative educational material, including a [[videocast]] series called Hubblecast designed to share world-class scientific news with the public. The Hubble Space Telescope has won two Space Achievement Awards from the [[Space Foundation]] for its outreach activities<!--these are not outreach awards-->, in 2001 and 2010.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://2010.nationalspacesymposium.org/media/press-releases/historic-hubble-space-telescope-repair-mission-team-honored-by-the-space-founda |title=Historic Hubble Space Telescope Repair Mission Team Honored by the Space Foundation with 2010 Space Achievement Award |publisher=26th National Space Symposium |date=March 29, 2010 |accessdate=November 5, 2012 |archive-date=March 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054724/http://2010.nationalspacesymposium.org/media/press-releases/historic-hubble-space-telescope-repair-mission-team-honored-by-the-space-founda |dead-url=yes }}</ref> There is a replica of the Hubble Telescope on the courthouse lawn in [[Marshfield, Missouri]], the hometown of namesake Edwin P. Hubble. <gallery> Image:Hubble Space Telescope Scale Model.JPG|A small-scale replica of the Hubble Space Telescope in [[Marshfield, Missouri]] Image:HST Twenty Years At The Frontier of Science Exhibition.jpg|The "Twenty Years at the Frontier of Science" exhibition at the Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti in [[Venice, Italy]]. File:Tarantula nebula detail.jpg|A WFPC2 image of a small region of the [[Tarantula Nebula]] in the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]] File:Hubble's Wide View of 'Mystic Mountain' in Infrared.jpg|NASA Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared-light image of "[[Mystic Mountain]]" in the [[stellar nursery]] called the [[Carina Nebula]]. </gallery> == Future == === Equipment failure === [[File:Formalhaut b.jpg|thumb|Hubble views the [[Formalhaut]] system, imaged with a now offline ACS channel]] Past servicing missions have exchanged old instruments for new ones, both avoiding failure and making possible new types of science. Without servicing missions, all of the instruments will eventually fail. In August 2004, the power system of the [[Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph]] (STIS) failed, rendering the instrument inoperable. The electronics had originally been fully redundant, but the first set of electronics failed in May 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stsci.edu/instruments/stis/ |title=Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph |publisher=STScI |accessdate=April 26, 2008}}</ref> This power supply was fixed during servicing mission 4 in May 2009. Similarly, the main camera (the [[Advanced Camera for Surveys|ACS]]) primary electronics failed in June 2006, and the power supply for the backup electronics failed on January 27, 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2007/jan/HQ_0715_Hubble_ACS.html |title=Engineers Investigate Issue on One of Hubble's Science Instruments |publisher=NASA |accessdate=April 26, 2008 |date=January 29,2007}}</ref> Only the instrument's Solar Blind Channel (SBC) was operable using the side-1 electronics. A new power supply for the wide angle channel was added during SM 4, but quick tests revealed this did not help the high resolution channel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stsci.edu/hst/acs |title=Advanced Camera for Surveys |publisher=STScI |accessdate=May 21, 2009}}</ref> HST uses [[gyroscope]]s to stabilize itself in orbit and point accurately and steadily at astronomical targets. Normally, three gyroscopes are required for operation; observations are still possible with two, but the area of sky that can be viewed would be somewhat restricted, and observations requiring very accurate pointing are more difficult.<ref>Sembach, KR, et al. (2004). ''HST Two-Gyro Handbook''. Version 1.0. Baltimore: STScI.</ref> There are further contingency plans for observations with just one gyro,<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA Hubble Space Telescope Daily Report # 4537 |url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=26874 |publisher=SpaceRef |accessdate=January 6, 2009 |date=January 31, 2008 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> but if all gyros fail, continued scientific observations will not be possible. In 2005, it was decided to switch to two-gyroscope mode for regular telescope operations as a means of extending the lifetime of the mission. The switch to this mode was made in August 2005, leaving Hubble with two gyroscopes in use, two on backup, and two inoperable.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=17700 |title=NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Begins Two-Gyro Science Operations |publisher=SpaceRef |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |date=September 1, 2005 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> One more gyro failed in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title= Hubble telescope loses another gyroscope |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12600-hubble-telescope-loses-another-gyroscope-.html |first=Jeff |last=Hecht |publisher=NewScientist |accessdate=January 6, 2009 |date=September 6, 2007}}</ref> By the time of the final repair mission, during which all six gyros were replaced (with two new pairs and one refurbished pair), only three gyros were still working. Engineers are confident that they have identified the root causes of the gyro failures,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/general/gyroscopes/ |title=Gyroscopes |publisher=ESA |accessdate=June 9, 2012}}</ref> and the new models should be much more reliable.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts125/081030hubble |title=Endeavour to go Nov. 14; Hubble slips deeper into '09 |publisher=Spaceflight Now |first=William |last=Harwood|accessdate=January 6, 2009 |date=October 30, 2008}}</ref> === Orbital decay === [[File:Firestorm of Star Birth in Galaxy Centaurus A.jpg|thumb|Hubble image of [[dust lane]]s in the elliptical galaxy [[Centaurus A]]]] Hubble orbits the Earth in the extremely tenuous upper [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]], and over time its orbit [[orbital decay|decays]] due to [[drag (physics)|drag]]. If it is not re-boosted by a shuttle or other means, it will re-enter the Earth's atmosphere sometime between 2019 and 2032, with the exact date depending on how active the Sun is and its impact on the upper atmosphere. If Hubble were to descend in a completely uncontrolled re-entry, parts of the main mirror and its support structure would probably survive, leaving the potential for damage or even human fatalities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3406079.stm |first=Dr. David |last=Whitehouse |publisher=BBC News |title=Why Hubble is being dropped |date=January 17, 2004 |accessdate=January 10, 2007}}</ref> NASA's original plan for safely de-orbiting Hubble was to [[STS-144|retrieve it using a space shuttle]]. The Hubble telescope would then have most likely been displayed in the [[Smithsonian Institution]]. This is no longer possible since the [[Space Shuttle retirement|space shuttle fleet has been retired]], and would have been unlikely in any case due to the cost of the mission and risk to the crew. Instead NASA considered adding an external propulsion module to allow controlled re-entry.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=1050 |first=Keith |last=Cowing |title=NASA Considering Deletion of Hubble Deorbit Module |date=July 22, 2005 |accessdate=January 10, 2007 |publisher=SpaceRef |archivedate=May 30, 2012 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120530063700/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=1050 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Ultimately NASA installed the Soft Capture and Rendezvous System, to enable retrieval by either a crewed or robotic mission.<ref name="Soft Capture" /> === Successors === {{further2|[[James Webb Space Telescope]]}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:11px; float:right; margin:10px" | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''&nbsp;[[Visible spectrum|Visible spectrum range]]&nbsp;''' |- ![[Color]] |[[Wavelength]] |- | style="background:#ccb0f4;"|'''[[violet (color)|violet]]''' |380–450&nbsp;nm |- | style="background:#b0b0f4;"|'''[[blue]]''' |450–475&nbsp;nm |- | style="background:#b0f4f4;"|'''[[cyan]]''' |476–495&nbsp;nm |- | style="background:#b0f4b0;"|'''[[green]]''' |495–570&nbsp;nm |- | style="background:#f4f4b0;"|'''[[yellow]]''' |570–590&nbsp;nm |- | style="background:#f4ccb0;"|'''[[orange (color)|orange]]''' |590–620&nbsp;nm |- | style="background:#f4b0b0;"|'''[[red]]''' |620–750&nbsp;nm |} There is no direct successor to the Hubble as an ultraviolet and visible-light space telescope, as near-term space telescopes do not duplicate Hubble's wavelength coverage (near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths), instead concentrating on the farther infrared bands. These bands are preferred for studying high redshift and low-temperature objects, objects generally older and farther away in the universe. These wavelengths are also difficult or impossible to study from the ground, justifying the expense of a space-based telescope. Large ground-based telescopes can image some of the same wavelengths as Hubble, sometimes challenge HST in terms of resolution (via adaptive optics), have much larger light-gathering power, and can be upgraded more easily, but cannot yet match the Hubble's excellent resolution over a wide field of view with the very dark background of space. Plans for a Hubble successor materialized as the Next Generation Space Telescope project, which culminated in plans for the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] (JWST), the formal successor of Hubble.<ref name="SAOverview">{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=hubble-servicing-mission-shuttle|title=Last Dance with the Shuttle: What's in Store for the Final Hubble Servicing Mission |first=John |last=Matson|date=May 8, 2009|publisher=Scientific American|accessdate=May 18, 2009}}</ref> Very different from a scaled-up Hubble, it is designed to operate colder and farther away from the Earth at the L2 [[Lagrangian point]], where thermal and optical interference from the Earth and Moon are lessened. It is not engineered to be fully serviceable (such as replaceable instruments), but the design includes a docking ring to enable visits from other spacecraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/3833-nasa-adds-docking-capability-space-observatory.html |first=Brian |last=Berger|title=NASA Adds Docking Capability For Next Space Observatory|publisher=Space.com |date=May 23, 2007 |accessdate=June 4, 2012}}</ref> A main scientific goal of JWST is to observe the most distant objects in the universe, beyond the reach of existing instruments. It is expected to detect stars in the [[Timeline of the Big Bang|early Universe]] approximately 280 million years older than stars HST now detects.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/farthest-galaxy.html |title=NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe |publisher=NASA |date=January 26, 2011 |accessdate=June 4, 2012}} [http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/512584main_i1105bw.jpg Visual representation].</ref> The telescope is an international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the [[Canadian Space Agency]] since 1996,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=33148 |title=ESA JWST Timeline |publisher=Sci.esa.int |date=June 30, 2003 |accessdate=June 4, 2012 |archive-date=August 21, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030821120829/http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=33148 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> and is planned for launch on an [[Ariane 5]] rocket.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/launch.html |title= About Webb's Launch |accessdate= November 4, 2006 |publisher= NASA }}</ref> Although JWST is primarily an infrared instrument, its coverage extends down to 600&nbsp;nm wavelength light, or roughly orange in the [[visible spectrum]]. A typical human eye can see to about 750&nbsp;nm wavelength light, so there is some overlap with the longest visible wavelength bands, including orange and red light. [[Image:JWST-HST-primary-mirrors.jpg|left|thumb|Hubble and JWST mirrors (4.5 m<sup>2</sup> and 25 m<sup>2</sup> respectively)]] A complementary telescope, looking at even longer wavelengths than Hubble or JWST, is the European Space Agency's [[Herschel Space Observatory]], launched on May 14, 2009. Like JWST, Herschel is not designed to be serviced after launch, and has a mirror substantially larger than Hubble's, but observes only in the [[far infrared]]. Further concepts for advanced 21st-century space telescopes include the [[Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope]].<ref>"What Will Astronomy Be Like in 35 Years?". ''Astronomy''. August 2008.</ref>, a conceptualized 8- to 16-meter (320- to 640-inch) optical space telescope that if realized could be a more direct successor to HST, with the ability to observe and photograph astronomical objects in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with substantially better resolution than Hubble or the [[Spitzer Space telescope]]. This effort is being planned for the 2025–2035 time frame. {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:11px; float:right; margin:10px" |- bgcolor= style="font-size: smaller;" | colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|'''Selected space telescopes & instruments'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://herschel.jpl.nasa.gov/relatedMissions.shtml |title=JPL: Herschel Space Observatory: Related Missions |publisher=Herschel.jpl.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-06-04}}</ref> |- ! Name !! Year || Wavelength || Aperture |- | Human eye || — || 0.39–0.75 μm || 0.01 m |- | [[Spitzer Space Telescope|Spitzer]] || 2003 || 3–180 μm || 0.85 m |- | Hubble STIS || 1997 || 0.115–1.03 μm || 2.4 m |- | Hubble WFC3 || 2009 || 0.2–1.7 μm || 2.4 m |- | [[Herschel Space Observatory|Herschel]] || 2009 || 60–672 μm || 3.5 m |- | [[James Webb Space Telescope|JWST]] || Planned || 0.6–28.5 μm || 6.5 m |} Existing ground-based telescopes, and various proposed [[Extremely Large Telescopes]], can exceed the HST in terms of sheer light-gathering power and diffraction limit due to larger mirrors, but other factors affect telescopes. In some cases, they may be able to match or beat Hubble in resolution by using [[adaptive optics]] (AO). However, AO on large ground-based reflectors will not make Hubble and other space telescopes obsolete. Most AO systems sharpen the view over a very narrow field—[[Lucky imaging|Lucky Cam]], for example, produces crisp images just 10" to 20" wide, whereas Hubble's cameras are super sharp across a 2½' (150") field. Furthermore, space telescopes can study the heavens across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, most of which is blocked by Earth's atmosphere. Finally, the background sky is darker in space than on the ground, because air absorbs solar energy during the day and then releases it at night, producing a faint—but nevertheless discernible—[[airglow]] that washes out low-contrast astronomical objects.<ref name="Fienberg">{{cite web |last= Fienberg |first= Rick |title= Sharpening the 200-Inch |publisher= Sky and Telescope |date=September 14, 2007 |url= http://www.skyandtelescope.com/news/9785152.html |doi = |accessdate=July 1, 2008 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/7qQD|archivedate=September 10, 2012}}</ref> == Ìtọ́kasí == {{refbegin}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.stsci.edu/hst/proposing/documents/cp/primer.pdf |title=Hubble Space Telescope Primer for Cycle 17 |date=December 2011 |publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) |format=PDF }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19910003124_1991003124.pdf |title=The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report |year=1990 |last=Allen |first=Lew |publisher=NASA Technical Report NASA-TM-103443 |format=PDF }} The definitive report on the error in the Hubble mirror. * {{cite book |last=Dunar|first=A. J.|coauthors=S. P. Waring |year=1999 |title=Power To Explore—History of Marshall Space Flight Center 1960–1990 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |isbn=0-16-058992-4}} Chapter 12, {{PDFlink|[http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/book/chpttwelve.pdf The Hubble Space Telescope]|260&nbsp;KB}}. Covers the development of the telescope. * {{cite book |title=NASA SP-2001-4407: Exploring the Unknown&nbsp;— Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program. Volume V: Exploring the Cosmos |last=Logsdon |first=John M. |coauthors=Amy Paige Snyder, Roger D. Launius, Stephen J. Garber, and Regan Anne Newport |url=http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol5/ExploreUnknown.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=NASA |access-date=2012-05-26 |archivedate=2017-01-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120024958/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4407/vol5/ExploreUnknown.pdf }}. Contains many of the primary documents such as Spitzer's 1946 article, the Wood's Hole report on STScI autonomy, and the ESA memorandum of understanding. Also includes other NASA astronomy programs. * {{cite journal |author=Spitzer, Lyman S |year=1979 |title=History of the Space Telescope |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume= 20 |pages=29–36 |bibcode = 1979QJRAS..20...29S }} PDF version {{PDFlink|here <ref>{{cite journal |title=1979QJRAS..20...29S Page 29 |publisher=Articles.adsabs.harvard.edu |date= |bibcode=1979QJRAS..20...29S |author1=Spitzer |first1=Lyman |volume=20 |page=29 |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society}} </ref>}}. Covers the early history of precursors and proposals. * {{cite web |url=http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4219/Contents.html |title=Chapter 16: The Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission |last=Tatarewicz|first=Joseph N |publisher=NASA}} From the book SP-4219: ''From Engineering Science To Big Science''. A detailed account of the first servicing mission. * Zimmerman, Robert F. ''The Universe in a Mirror&nbsp;— The Saga of the Hubble Space Telescope and the Visionaries Who Built It'', publ. Princeton UP (2008, 2010) {{refend}} ==Ìkíyèsí== {{reflist|30em}} == Ìwé kíkà ní ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́ == *[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/49151main_hst-jwst.pdf "The transition from Hubble to JWST"] (PDF). HST-JWST Transition Panel. August 2003. * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Rohan |title=What went wrong with the Hubble Space Telescope (and what managers can learn from it)|url=http://www.techworld.com.au/article/420036/what_went_wrong_hubble_space_telescope_what_managers_can_learn_from_it_/? |accessdate=March 30, 2012|newspaper=Techworld}} * Zimmerman, Robert F. (2010). ''The Universe in a Mirror: The Saga of the Hubble Space Telescope and the Visionaries Who Built It''. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691146355. == Àwọn àjápọ̀ òde == {{Commons category|Hubble Space Telescope}} * [http://hubblesite.org/ HubbleSite], Hubble website for the public (operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute) * [http://heritage.stsci.edu/index.html Hubble Heritage Project], including [http://heritage.stsci.edu/gallery/gallery.html a gallery of famous HST pictures]. * [http://hubble.nasa.gov NASA Hubble pages] * [http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/where.a.s_hubble_now/advanced_version.php Where's Hubble now...], an interactive map of Hubble's current location and orbital track * [http://www.spacetelescope.org/ Spacetelescope] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221210501/http://www.spacetelescope.org/ |date=2011-02-21 }}, ESA's public Hubble pages <!--this single page really has no added value compared to the others* [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=HST Hubble Space Telescope Mission Profile] by [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA's Solar System Exploration]!--> * [http://history.nasa.gov/hubble/index.html "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope"] from the NASA History Office * [http://archive.stsci.edu/hst Hubble data archive] * {{PDFlink|[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/49151main_hst-jwst.pdf The transition from Hubble to JWST]|182&nbsp;KB}} (August 2003 report) * [http://www.dailymotion.com/user/spacetelescope_org/video/x7iowj_hubblecast-23-special-seeing-the-in_tech Hubblecast video from Dailymotion] * [http://www-int.stsci.edu/~mutchler/amateur.html Amateur observations with Hubble], and a related [http://www-int.stsci.edu/~mutchler/n1808/MSNBC.html press report] * [http://www.n2yo.com/?s=20580 Hubble's current position], via Google Maps * [http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/63730,in-pictures,news-in-pictures,20-years-of-hubble-space-telescope-pictures-book Hubble at 20] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825064737/http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/63730,in-pictures,news-in-pictures,20-years-of-hubble-space-telescope-pictures-book |date=2011-08-25 }} - slideshow by ''[[The First Post]]'' * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8638263.stm Hubble's first 20 years with Professor Alec Boksenberg from the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge] * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Rohan |title=What went wrong with the Hubble Space Telescope (and what managers can learn from it) |url=http://www.techworld.com.au/article/420036/what_went_wrong_hubble_space_telescope_what_managers_can_learn_from_it_/? |accessdate=March 30, 2012 |newspaper=Computerworld Techworld |date=March 29, 2012}} {{Hubble Space Telescope}} {{NASA space program}} {{Space observatories}} {{GSFC}} {{European Space Agency}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hubble, Teliskopu Ofurufu}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn tẹ́lískópù òfurufú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn agbéwọ̀ọ́kán òfurufú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Tẹ́lískópù Òfurufú Hubble| ]] <!-- Interwikis --> 8nlno68dou50kuzk8wdnzohjob9cnfu Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 0 16399 632006 566936 2026-08-19T15:05:15Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Ukraine.jpg | caption = Erdoğan ní ọdun 2022 | signature = Signature Recep Tayyip Erdogan.svg | residence = [[Presidential Compound (Turkey)|Presidential Complex]], [[Ankara]] | party = [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] (2001–2014; 2017–present) | otherparty = {{plainlist| *[[National Salvation Party]] (before 1981) *[[Welfare Party]] (1983–1998) *[[Virtue Party]] (1998–2001) }} | office1 = Ààrẹ Orílẹ̀-èdè Turkey | predecessor1 = [[Abdullah Gül]] | primeminister1 = [[Ahmet Davutoğlu]]<br />(2014–2016)<br /> [[Binali Yıldırım]]<br />(2016–2018) | vicepresident1 = [[Fuat Oktay]]<br />(Since 2018) | successor1 = | term_start1 = 28 August 2014 | term_end1 = | office3 = [[Leader of the Justice and Development Party]] | predecessor3 = Binali Yıldırım | term_start3 = 21 May 2017 | term_end3 = | predecessor4 = Position established | successor4 = Ahmet Davutoğlu | term_start4 = 14 August 2001 | term_end4 = 27 August 2014 | deputy2 = | office2 = Mínísítà àgbà orílẹ̀-èdè Turkey | predecessor2 = Abdullah Gül | president2 = [[Ahmet Necdet Sezer]]<br />Abdullah Gül | successor2 = Ahmet Davutoğlu | term_start2 = 14 March 2003 | term_end2 = 28 August 2014 | office5 = Chairman of the [[Organization of Turkic States]] | term_start5 = 12 November 2021 | term_end5 = 11 November 2022 | predecessor5 = [[Ilham Aliyev]] | successor5 = [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]] | office6 = [[Mayor of Istanbul]] | term_start6 = 27 March 1994 | term_end6 = 6 November 1998 | predecessor6 = [[Nurettin Sözen]] | successor6 = [[Ali Müfit Gürtuna]] | office7 = {{GNAT MP}} | term_start7 = 9 March 2003 | term_end7 = 28 August 2014 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|2|26}} | birth_place = [[Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu|Kasımpaşa]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = {{marriage|[[Emine Erdoğan|Emine Gülbaran]]|4 July 1978}} | children = {{hlist|[[Ahmet Burak Erdoğan|Ahmet]]|[[Bilal Erdoğan|Bilal]]|[[Esra Erdoğan|Esra]]|[[Sümeyye Erdoğan|Sümeyye]]}} | relatives = {{hlist|[[Berat Albayrak]]|[[Selçuk Bayraktar]]}} (sons-in-law) | alma_mater = [[Marmara University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences|Marmara University]]{{efn|<ref name="bbcerdogan" /> Various claims are made about his degree. See ([[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy|diploma controversy]])}} | website = {{url|tccb.gov.tr|Government website}} | constituency7 = {{plainlist| *[[Siirt (electoral district)|Siirt]] ([[2003 Siirt Province by-election|2003 by-election]]) *[[Istanbul (electoral districts)|Istanbul]] [[İstanbul (1st electoral district)|(I)]] ([[2007 Turkish general election|2007]], [[2011 Turkish general election|2011]])}} }} '''Recep Tayyip Erdoğa''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrindínlógbọ̀n oṣù kejì ọdun 1954) jẹ́ olóṣèlú àti [[president of Turkey|Ààrẹ orílè-èdè Turki]] láti ọdun 2014. Òun ni mínísítà àgbà orílè-èdè Turki láàrin ọdun 2003 sí 2014 àti mayor instabul láàrin ọdun 1994 sí 1998. Ní ọdun 1998, wọ́n yọ́ kúrò ní ipò Mayor Instabul wọ́n sì ran lọ sí ẹ̀wọ̀n fún oṣù mẹ́rin lórí ẹ̀sùn pé ó ń fa wàhálà ẹ̀sìn. <ref name="erdogan-imprisoned2">{{cite journal|title=A Tale of Two Mayors: Courts and Politics in Iran and Turkey|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_2004-05_36_2/page/253|first=Hootan|last=Shambayati|date=May 2004|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=36|issue=2|pages=253–275|doi=10.1017/S0020743804362057|hdl=11693/24287|s2cid=153768860|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Turkey's Most Eluded Prime Minister2" /> {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} {{Prime Ministers of Turkey}} {{igbesiaye|1954||Erdoğan Recep Tayyip}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ará Túrkì]] defu3ixspugzjmkxcnsb6as6sulpx2l Michael Echeruo 0 16957 632148 582059 2026-08-19T18:49:34Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632148 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Joseph Chukwudalu Echeruo''' tí wọ́n bi ni ọjọ kẹrinla oṣù kẹta ọdún 1937 je olukowe, ọjọgbọn,alariwisi awọn iwe lítíréṣọ̀ ọmọ ìlú Umunumo, ìjọ́bá Ehime-Mbano, Ipínlè Imo ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]. ==Àsàyàn awọn atejade== *''Victorian Lagos: aspects of nineteenth century Lagos life''. Macmillan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Echeruo, M.J.C. (Michael Joseph Chukwudalu)|title=Victorian Lagos : aspects of nineteenth century Lagos life|date=1977|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0-333-22642-9|oclc=898987719}}</ref> *''Igbo-English Dictionary: A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Igbo Language with an English-Igbo Index''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Comparison of Aspects of Igbo and English Grammars|work=Codeswitching in Igbo–English Bilingualism : A Matrix Language Frame Account|year=2016|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|doi=10.5040/9781474278171.ch-004|isbn=978-1-4742-7817-1}}</ref> *The dramatic limits of Igbo ritual. (1973) ''Research in African Literatures'', 21-31.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Echeruo, M. J.|date=1973|title=The dramatic limits of Igbo ritual.|journal=Research in African Literatures|pages=21–31}}</ref> *An African diaspora: The ontological project. ''The African Diaspora.'' <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Echeruo, M. J.|date=1999|title=An African diaspora: The ontological project.|journal=African Origins and New World Identities|pages=3–18}}</ref> *''Joyce Cary and the novel of Africa''. London: Longman.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Echeruo, M. J.|date=1973|title=Joyce Cary and the novel of Africa|journal=London: Longman}}</ref> *Echeruo, M. J. (1979). ''A matter of identity''. Culture Division, Ministry of Information, Culture, Youth & Sports. *Echeruo, M. J. (1992). Edward W. Blyden, WEB Du Bois, and the ‘color complex’. ''The Journal of Modern African Studies'', ''30''(4), 669-684. *WEB Du Bois, and the ‘color complex’. ''The Journal of Modern African Studies'', ''30''(4), 669-684.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Echeruo|first=Michael J. C.|date=1992|title=Edward W. Blyden, W. E. B. Du Bois, and the 'Color Complex'|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1992-12_30_4/page/669|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=30|issue=4|pages=669–684|doi=10.1017/s0022278x00011101|issn=0022-278X}}</ref> *Echeruo, M. J. (1962). Concert and theatre in late nineteenth century Lagos. ''Nigeria Magazine'', ''74'', 68-74. *The intellectual context of nineteenth‐century Lagos life <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Echeruo|first=M. J. C.|date=January 1974|title=The intellectual context of nineteenth‐century Lagos life|journal=African Studies|volume=33|issue=1|pages=43–51|doi=10.1080/00020187408707421|issn=0002-0184}}</ref> *Traditional and borrowed elements in Nigerian Poetry. ''Nigeria Magazine'', ''89''(1966), 142-155.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Okigbo|first1=Christopher|last2=Clark|first2=John Pepper|last3=Echeruo|first3=Michael Joseph Chukwudalu|last4=Higo|first4=Aig|last5=Soyinka|first5=Wole|date=1966|title=Nigeria|journal=Présence Africaine|volume=57|issue=1|pages=267|doi=10.3917/presa.057.0267|issn=0032-7638}}</ref> {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ==Itokasi== {{reflist}} {{igbesiaye|1937||Echeruo, Michael}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ̀wé ará Nàìjíríà]] 3om85kfhfx9vb3ma1fi5jaoby4nuomh Abraham Lincoln 0 17807 632156 607931 2026-08-19T18:58:33Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 5 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Abraham Lincoln | image = Abrahamlincoln.jpg | image_size = 255px | order = [[List of Presidents of the United States|16th]] | office = President of the United States | vicepresident = [[Hannibal Hamlin]] <small>(1861–1865)</small><br />Andrew Johnson <small>(1865)</small> | term_start = March 4, 1861 | term_end = April 15, 1865 | predecessor1 = [[James Buchanan]] | successor1 = [[Andrew Johnson]] | state2 = [[Illinois]] | district2 = [[Illinois' 7th congressional district|7th]] | term_start2 = March 4, 1847 | term_end2 = March 3, 1849 | predecessor2 = [[John Henry (representative)|John Henry]] | successor2 = [[Thomas L. Harris]] | state_house3 = Illinois | office3 = Member of the [[Illinois House of Representatives]] | term_start3 = 1834 | term_end3 = 1842 | birth_date = {{birth date|1809|02|12}} | birth_place = [[Hodgenville, Kentucky]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1865|04|15|1809|02|12}} | death_place = [[Petersen House (Washington, D.C.)|Petersen House]],<br />[[Washington, D.C.]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Lincoln Tomb]], [[Oak Ridge Cemetery]]<br />[[Springfield, Illinois]], U.S. | nationality = American | party = [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] <small>(1834–1854)</small><br />[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] <small>(1854–1865)</small> | otherparty = [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] <small>(1864–1865)</small> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Mary Todd Lincoln|Mary Todd]]|November 4, 1842|1865|reason=his death}} | children = [[Robert Todd Lincoln|Robert]], [[Edward Baker Lincoln|Edward]], [[William Wallace Lincoln|Willie]], and [[Tad Lincoln|Tad]] | religion = See: [[Religious views of Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln and religion]] | profession = Lawyer<br />Politician | signature = Abraham Lincoln 1862 signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | allegiance = {{flag|United States of America}} | branch = Illinois Militia | serviceyears = 3 months<br />{{small|(April 21, 1832 – July 10, 1832)}} | rank = {{Plainlist}} * [[Captain (US Army)|Captain]]<br />{{small|(April 21, 1832 – May 27, 1832)}} * [[Private (United States)|Private]]<br />{{small|(May 28, 1832 – July 10, 1832)}} {{small|OBS:.}} Discharged from his command and re-enlisted as a Private. | battles = [[Black Hawk War]] }} '''Abraham Lincoln''' (<span class="nowrap"><span class="noexcerpt">[[File:Speakerlink-new.svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/GeoTrinity_Abraham_Lincoln.ogg|11x11px|Listen]]<sup>i</sup></span><span class="IPA nopopups">/<span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/eɪ/ long 'a' in 'base'">eɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/æ/ short 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span> <span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/ short 'i' in 'bid'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/ 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ən/ 'on' in 'button'">ən</span>/</span></span>; ni a bí ní Ọjọ́ kejìlá, Oṣù èrèlé, Ọdún 1809, ó sì kú ní Ọjọ́ karùndínlógún, Oṣù igbe, Ọdún 1865. Ó jẹ́ Ààrẹ kẹrìndínlógún Orílẹ̀-èdè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Amẹ́ríkà]], tó ṣèjọba láti Oṣù Ẹrẹ́nàn Ọdún 1861 títí di Oṣù Kẹrin Ọdún 1865 tí wọ́n sì paá sí orí ipò. Lincoln jẹ́ olórí orílẹ̀-èdè nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé ní ilẹ̀ [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Amẹ́ríkà]] —Ogun tó dá lórí ìtàjẹ̀sílẹ̀ ẹrú, òfin àti ìjìyàn òṣèlú.<ref>{{Cite book|author=William A. Pencak|title=Encyclopedia of the Veteran in America|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yyvmcMsNnB4C&pg=PA222|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=222|isbn=978-0-313-08759-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author1=Paul Finkelman|author2=Stephen E. Gottlieb|title=Toward a Usable Past: Liberty Under State Constitutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJuXT1sVhFcC&pg=PA388|year=2009|publisher=U of Georgia Press|page=388|isbn=978-0-8203-3496-7}}</ref> Nígbà ogun náà, ó dá ìṣọ̀kan orílẹ̀-èdè dúró, ó sì fi òpin sí òwò ẹrú ṣíṣe, ó fún ìjọba ní agbára, ó sì ṣí ojú-ọ̀nà sí ìlọsíwájú orílẹ̀-èdè. Ní ogun jíjà yìí ó dá ìṣọ̀kan sí, ó fi òpin sí òwò ẹrú ṣíṣe, fún ìjọba lágbára, ó sì jẹ́ kí ìlọsíwájí bá okòwò ìlú. Ni àsìkò ogun yìí náàni Lincoln pàdánù ọmọ rẹ̀ ọkùnrin, ti ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí si jẹ ohun ìbànújẹ́ fún un. Àmọ́ síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, kò kó ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ọkàn báa. Wọ́n bíi ní Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln dàgbà sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn frontier ní  [[Kentucky]] àti [[Indiana]]. Ó kọ́ ara rẹ̀ ní ìwé, ó di agbẹjọ́rò ní [[Illinois]], Olórí Ẹgbẹ́ Òṣèlú Whig àti ẹgbẹ́ ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin ti lllinois ní ibi tí ó ti lo ọdún méjìlá. Wọ́n yàn án sí ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin ti United States ní Ọdún 1846, Lincoln mú ìlọsíwájú ba okòwò látàrí ilé-ìfowópamọ́, owó orí ìṣòwò lókèèrè àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin. ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist|20em}} {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal|last=Adams|first=Charles F.|date=April 1912|title=The Trent Affair|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_1912-04_17_3/page/540|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=17|issue=3|pages=540–562|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|jstor=1834388|doi=10.2307/1834388}}<!--|doi=10.2307/1834388}} --> * {{cite book|isbn=|oclc=1178496|title=Halleck: Lincoln's Chief of Staff|authorlink=Stephen E. Ambrose|last=Ambrose|first=Stephen E.|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|year=1962}} * {{cite book|ref=Baker|last=Baker|first=Jean H.|title=Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=1989|isbn=978-0-393-30586-9}} * {{cite book|last= Bartelt| first=William E.|title=There I Grew Up: Remembering Abraham Lincoln's Indiana Youth|publisher=Indiana Historical Society Press |location=Indianapolis |year=2008 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-87195-263-9}} * {{cite book|oclc=518824|title=Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings|editor1-link=Roy Basler|editor1-first=Roy Prentice|editor1-last=Basler|publisher=World Publishing|year=1946}} * {{cite book| editor1-last=Basler| editor1-first=Roy P.|title=The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln| publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=1953|volume=5}} * {{cite book|ref=Belz|last=Belz|first=Herman|title=Abraham Lincoln, Constitutionalism, and Equal Rights in the Civil War Era|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-8232-1769-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Belz|first=Herman|editor1-first=Bruce|editor1-last=Frohnen|editor2-first=Jeremy|editor2-last=Beer|editor3-first=Jeffrey O|editor3-last=Nelson|encyclopedia=American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia |title=Lincoln, Abraham|year=2006|publisher=ISI Books|isbn=978-1-932236-43-9|quote=|ref=}} * {{cite journal|last=Bennett Jr|first=Lerone|authorlink=Lerone Bennett Jr.|date=February 1968|title=Was Abe Lincoln a White Supremacist?|journal=Ebony|volume=23|issue=4|publisher=Johnson Publishing|issn=0012-9011|url=https://books.google.com/?id=H84DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35}} * {{cite book|ref=Blue|last=Blue|first=Frederick J.|title=Salmon P. Chase: a life in politics|publisher=The Kent State University Press|year=1987|isbn=0-87338-340-0}} <!-- NOT CITED IN ARTICLE *{{cite book|ref=Boritt1997|last=Boritt|first=Gabor S.|title=Why the Civil War Came|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-511376-1}} --> * {{cite book|isbn=0-252-06445-3|title=Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream|url=|authorlink=Gabor Boritt|ref=Boritt1994|last=Boritt|first=Gabor|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=1994|origyear=1978}} * {{cite book|ref=Bulla|last1=Bulla|first1= David W.|author2=Gregory A. Borchard|title=Journalism in the Civil War Era|year=2010|publisher=Peter Lang Publishing Inc.|isbn=1-4331-0722-8}} * {{cite book | last= Burlingame| first=Michael | title =Abraham Lincoln: A Life | publisher =Johns Hopkins University Press | series = | volume =I | edition = | year =2008 | location =Baltimore, MD | page=| url = | isbn =978-0-8018-8993-6}} * {{cite journal|last=Carwardine|first=Richard J.|authorlink=Richard Carwardine|date=Winter 1997|title=Lincoln, Evangelical Religion, and American Political Culture in the Era of the Civil War|journal=Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association|volume=18|issue=1|pages=27–55 |publisher=Abraham Lincoln Association|issn=|oclc= |url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jala/18.1/carwardine.html }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} * {{cite book|ref=Carwardine|first=Richard|last=Carwardine|title=Lincoln|publisher=Pearson Education Ltd|year=2003|isbn=978-0-582-03279-8 }} * {{cite book|isbn=978-0-691-09173-0|title=The War Was You and Me: Civilians in The American Civil War|last=Cashin|first=Joan E.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2002}} * {{cite book|ref=Chesebrough|last=Chesebrough|first=David B.|title=No Sorrow Like Our Sorrow|publisher=Kent State University Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-87338-491-9}} * {{cite book|ref=Cox|last=Cox|first=Hank H.|title=Lincoln And The Sioux Uprising of 1862|publisher=Cumberland House Publisher|year=2005|isbn=978-1-58182-457-5}} * {{cite book|ref=Cummings|last1=Cummings|first1=William W.|author2=James B. Hatcher|title=Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps|year=1982|publisher=Scott Publishing Company|isbn=0-89487-042-4}} * {{cite book|ref=Dennis|title=Red, White, and Blue Letter Days: an American Calendar|last=Dennis|first=Matthew|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8014-7268-8}} * {{cite book|ref=Diggins|title=The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of Liberalism|last=Diggins|first=John P.|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1986|isbn=0-226-14877-7}} * {{cite book|isbn=978-0-87580-359-3|oclc=|title=Lincoln Emancipated: The President and the Politics of Race|last=Dirck|first=Brian R.|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|year=2007}} * {{cite book|ref=Dirck|last=Dirck|first=Brian|title=Lincoln the Lawyer|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-252-07614-5}} * {{cite book|ref=Donald1948|title=Lincoln's Herndon|authorlink=David Herbert Donald|first=David Herbert|last=Donald|publisher=A. A. Knopf|year=1948|oclc=186314258}} * {{cite book|ref=Donald|first=David Herbert|last=Donald|title=Lincoln|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1996|origyear=1995|isbn=978-0-684-82535-9}} * {{cite book|ref=Donald2|first=David Herbert|last=Donald|title=Lincoln Reconsidered|year=2001|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-375-72532-6}} * {{cite book|authorlink=Frederick Douglass|ref=Douglass|first=Frederick|last=Douglass|title=The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass|year=2008|publisher=Cosimo Classics|isbn=1-60520-399-8}} * {{cite book|ref=Edgar|first=Walter B.|last=Edgar|title=South Carolina: A History|year=1998|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|isbn=978-1-57003-255-4}} * {{cite journal|last=Fish|first=Carl Russell|authorlink=Carl Russell Fish |date=October 1902|title=Lincoln and the Patronage|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_1902-10_8_1/page/53|journal=American Historical Review|volume=8|issue=1|pages=53–69|publisher=American Historical Association|issn=|oclc=|jstor=1832574|doi=10.2307/1832574}} * {{cite book|ref=Foner|authorlink=Eric Foner|last=Foner|first=Eric |title=Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War|year=1995|origyear=1970|isbn=978-0-19-509497-8|publisher=Oxford University Press}} * {{cite book|ref=Foner2|last=Foner|first= Eric|title=[[The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery]]|publisher=W.W. Norton|year=2010|isbn= 978-0-393-06618-0}} * {{cite book|ref=Goodwin|first=Doris Kearns|last=Goodwin|authorlink=Doris Kearns Goodwin|title=[[Team of Rivals]]: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln|isbn=0-684-82490-6|year=2005|publisher=Simon & Schuster}} * {{cite book|isbn=978-0-253-34567-7|oclc=|title=The Darkest Dawn: Lincoln, Booth, and the Great American Tragedy|last=Goodrich|first=Thomas|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2005}} * {{cite book|oclc=428674|title=The Enduring Lincoln: Lincoln Sesquicentennial Lectures at the University of Illinois|chapter=Abraham Lincoln: Conservative Statesman|last=Graebner|first=Norman|publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=1959}} * {{cite book|ref=Grimsley|title=The Collapse of the Confederacy|last=Grimsley|first=Mark|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2001|isbn=0-8032-2170-3}} * {{cite book|ref=Guelzo1999|authorlink=Allen C. Guelzo|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|title=Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President|isbn=0-8028-3872-3|year=1999|publisher=W.B. Eerdmans Publishing}} * {{cite book|ref=Guelzo2004|isbn=978-0-7432-2182-5|oclc=|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2004}} <!-- NOT CITED IN ARTICLE* {{cite book|ref=Guelzo2009|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|title=Lincoln: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=0-19-536780-4}} --> * {{cite book|ref=Handy|first= James S.|last=Handy|title=Book Review: Abraham Lincoln, the Lawyer-Statesman|publisher=Northwestern University Law Publication Association|year=1917 }} * {{cite book|ref=Harrison1935|oclc=3512772|last=Harrison|first=J. Houston|title=Settlers by the Long Grey Trail|year=1935|publisher=J.K. Reubush}} * {{cite book|ref=Harrison2000|last=Harrison|first=Lowell Hayes|title=Lincoln of Kentucky|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=2000 |isbn=0-8131-2156-6}} * {{cite book|ref=Harris|last=Harris|first=William C.|title=Lincoln's Rise to the Presidency|isbn=978-0-7006-1520-9|publisher=University Press of Kansas|year=2007 }} * {{cite book|ref=Havers|last=Havers|first=Grant N.|title=Lincoln and the Politics of Christian Love|isbn=0-8262-1857-1|publisher=University of Missouri Press|year=2009 }} * {{cite book|ref=Heidler2|title=Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History|editors=Heidler, David S.; Jeanne T. Heidler|year=2000|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc|isbn=978-0-393-04758-5 }} * {{cite book|ref=Heidler|last=Heidler|first=David Stephen|title=The Mexican War|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32792-6}} * {{cite journal|last=Hofstadter|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Hofstadter |date=October 1938|title=The Tariff Issue on the Eve of the Civil War|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_1938-10_44_1/page/50|journal=American Historical Review|volume=44|issue=1|pages=50–55|publisher=American Historical Association|jstor=1840850|doi=10.2307/1840850}} * {{cite book|ref=Holzer|first=Harold|last=Holzer|title=Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech That Made Abraham Lincoln President|year=2004|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-9964-0}} * {{cite book|ref=Jaffa|first=Harry V.|last=Jaffa|title=A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War|year=2000|isbn=0-8476-9952-8|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield}} * {{cite book|isbn=978-0-19-804006-4|oclc=|title=To Make Our World Anew: Volume I: A History of African Americans to 1880|authorlink=Robin Kelley|last1=Kelley|first1=Robin D. G.|author2=Lewis, Earl|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005}} * {{cite book|ref=Lamb|editors=Lamb, Brian; Susan Swain|title=Abraham Lincoln: Great American Historians on Our Sixteenth President|publisher=PublicAffairs|year=2008|isbn=978-1-58648-676-1}} * {{cite journal|last=Lupton|first=John A.|date=September–October 2006|title=Abraham Lincoln and the Corwin Amendment|journal=Illinois Heritage|volume=9|issue=5|page=34|publisher=The Illinois State Historical Society|issn=|oclc=|url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/2006/ih060934.html|access-date=2016-07-06|archivedate=2016-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824072958/http://www.lib.niu.edu/2006/ih060934.html|deadurl=yes}} <!-- NOT CITED IN ARTICLE *{{cite book|authorlink=Reinhard H. Luthin|ref=Luthin|first=Reinhard H.|last=Luthin|title=The First Lincoln Campaign|isbn=978-0-8446-1292-8|year=1944|publisher=Harvard University Press }} --> * {{cite journal|last=Luthin|first=Reinhard H. |date=July 1994|title=Abraham Lincoln and the Tariff|journal=American Historical Review|volume=49|issue=4|pages=609–629|oclc=|jstor=1850218|doi=10.2307/1850218}} * McClintock, Russell. ''Lincoln and the Decision for War: The Northern Response to Secession'' (2008) [https://www.questia.com/library/117296123/lincoln-and-the-decision-for-war-the-northern-response online] * {{cite book | last=Madison |first=James H. | title =Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana | publisher =Indiana University Press and Indiana Historical Society Press | series = | volume = | edition = | year =2014 | location =Bloomington and Indianapolis | page =110 | url = | isbn =978-0-253-01308-8}} * {{cite book|ref=Mansch|last=Mansch|first=Larry D.|title=Abraham Lincoln, President-Elect: The Four Critical Months from Election to Inauguration|publisher=McFarland|year=2005|isbn=0-7864-2026-X}} * {{cite book|authorlink=George McGovern|ref=McGovern|last=McGovern|first=George S.|title=Abraham Lincoln|publisher=Macmillan|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8050-8345-3}} * {{cite book|ref= McKirdy|last= McKirdy|first= Charles Robert|title= Lincoln Apostate: The Matson Slave Case|year=2011|publisher= Univ. Press of Mississippi|isbn= 978-1-60473-987-9}} * {{cite book|ref=McPherson1992|last=McPherson|first=James M.|authorlink=James M. McPherson|title=Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution|year=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-507606-6}} * {{cite book|ref=McPherson2|title=[[Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era]]|last=McPherson|first=James M.|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-516895-2}} * {{cite book|ref=McPherson5|last=McPherson|first=James M.|title=Abraham Lincoln|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-537452-0}} * {{cite book | last= Miller |first=William Lee | title = Lincoln's Virtues: An Ethical Biography | publisher =Random House/Vintage Books | series = | volume = | edition =Vintage Books | year =2002 | location =New York | page = | url = | isbn =0-375-40158-X}} *{{cite book |authorlink=Mark E. Neely Jr. |ref=Neely |last=Neely |first=Mark E. |title=The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |pages=3–31 |url=https://www.questia.com/library/79055660/the-fate-of-liberty-abraham-lincoln-and-civil-liberties }} * {{cite journal|last=Neely Jr.|first=Mark E.|date=December 2004|title=Was the Civil War a Total War?|journal=Civil War History|volume=50|issue=4|pages=434–458|issn=|oclc=|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/civil_war_history/v050/50.4neely.html|doi=10.1353/cwh.2004.0073}} * {{cite book|ref=Nevins|last=Nevins|first=Allan|title=Ordeal of the Union; 8 vol|publisher=Scribner's|year=1947–71|isbn=978-0-684-10416-4}} ** {{cite book|ref=Nevins1950|last=Nevins|first=Allan|title=The Emergence of Lincoln: Prologue to Civil War, 1857–1861 2 vol|publisher=Scribner's|year=1950|isbn=978-0-684-10416-4}}, also published as vol 3–4 of ''Ordeal of the Union'' ** {{cite book|ref=Nevins1960|last=Nevins|first=Allan|title=The War for the Union; 4 vol 1861–1865|publisher=Scribner's|year=1960–1971|isbn=978-1-56852-297-5}}; also published as vol 5–8 of ''Ordeal of the Union'' * {{cite book|ref=Nichols|last=Nichols|first=David A.|title=Lincoln Looks West: From the Mississippi to the Pacific|editor=Richard W. Etulain|publisher=Southern Illinois University|year=2010|isbn=0-8093-2961-1}} * {{cite book|ref=Noll|last=Noll|first=Mark|title=America's God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-19-515111-9}} * {{cite book|ref=Oates|last=Oates|first=Stephen B.|authorlink=Stephen B. Oates|title=With Malice Toward None: a Life of Abraham Lincoln|publisher=HarperCollins|year=1993|isbn=978-0-06-092471-3}} * {{cite book|ref=Paludan|last=Paludan|first=Phillip Shaw|title=The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln|isbn=978-0-7006-0671-9|year=1994|publisher=University Press of Kansas}} * {{cite journal|last=Parrillo|first=Nicholas |date=September 2000|title=Lincoln's Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War|journal=Civil War History|volume=46|issue=3|pages=227–253|publisher=Kent State University Press|issn=|oclc=|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_civil-war-history_2000-09_46_3/page/227|doi=10.1353/cwh.2000.0073}} * {{cite book|ref=Pessen|last=Pessen|first=Edward|title=The Log Cabin Myth: The Social Backgrounds of American Presidents|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1984|isbn=0-300-03166-1}} * {{cite book|ref=Peterson|last=Peterson|first=Merrill D.|title=Lincoln in American Memory|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0-19-509645-3}} * {{cite book|ref=Potter|last1=Potter|first1=David M.|author2=Don Edward Fehrenbacher|title=The impending crisis, 1848–1861|publisher=HarperCollins|year=1976|isbn=978-0-06-131929-7}} * {{cite book|ref=Prokopowicz|last=Prokopowicz|first=Gerald J.|title=Did Lincoln Own Slaves?|publisher=Vintage Books|year=2008|isbn=978-0-307-27929-3}} * {{cite book|oclc=748479|ref=Randall1947|last=Randall|first=James G.|authorlink=James G. Randall|title=Lincoln, the Liberal Statesman|year=1947|publisher=Dodd, Mead}} * {{cite book|oclc=5852442|ref=Randall|last1=Randall|first1=J.G.|author2=Current, Richard Nelson|series=Lincoln the President|volume=IV|title=Last Full Measure|publisher=Dodd, Mead|year=1955}} <!-- NOT CITED IN ARTICLE * {{cite book|ref=Reinhart|last=Reinhart|first=Mark S.|title=Abraham Lincoln on Screen|publisher=McFarland|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7864-3536-4}} --> * {{cite book|oclc=6579822|ref=Sandburg|last=Sandburg|first=Carl |title=Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years|year=1926|publisher=Harcourt, Brace & Company}} * {{cite book|ref=SandburgPW2002|last=Sandburg| first=Carl|title=Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2002|isbn=0-15-602752-6}} * {{cite book|ref=Schwartz2000|last=Schwartz|first=Barry|title=Abraham Lincoln and the Forge of National Memory|year=2000|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-74197-0}} * {{cite book|ref=Schwartz2009|last=Schwartz|first=Barry|title=Abraham Lincoln in the Post-Heroic Era: History and Memory in Late Twentieth-Century America|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-226-74188-8}} * {{cite journal|last=Scott|first=Kenneth|date=September 1948|title=Press Opposition to Lincoln in New Hampshire|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-quarterly_1948-09_21_3/page/326|journal=The New England Quarterly|volume=21|issue=3|pages=326–341|publisher=The New England Quarterly, Inc.|issn=|jstor=361094|doi=10.2307/361094}} <!-- NOT CITED IN ARTICLE * {{cite book|ref=Scott|last=Scott|title=Scott 2006 Classic Specialized Catalogue|publisher=Scott Pub. Co.|year=2005|isbn=0-89487-358-X}} --> * {{cite book|ref=Sherman|last=Sherman|first=William T.|title=Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman|publisher=BiblioBazaar|year=1990|isbn=1-174-63172-4}} * {{cite book|ref=Simon|last=Simon|first=Paul|title=Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Illinois Legislative Years|publisher=University of Illinois|year=1990|isbn=0-252-00203-2}} * {{cite book|ref=Smith|last=Smith|first=Robert C.|title=Conservatism and Racism, and Why in America They Are the Same|year=2010|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-1-4384-3233-5}} * {{cite book|ref=Steers|last=Steers|first=Edward|title=The Lincoln Assassination Encyclopedia|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2010|isbn=0-06-178775-2}} * {{cite book| last=Striner| first=Richard| title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-518306-1}} * {{cite book|ref=Tagg|title=The Unpopular Mr. Lincoln:The Story of America's Most Reviled President|first=Larry|last=Tagg|publisher=Savas Beatie|year=2009|isbn=978-1-932714-61-6}} * {{cite book|ref=Taranto|last1=Taranto|first1=James|author2=Leonard Leo|title=Presidential Leadership: Rating the Best and the Worst in the White House|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2004|isbn=978-0-7432-5433-5}} * {{cite journal|last=Tegeder|first=Vincent G.|date=June 1948|title=Lincoln and the Territorial Patronage: The Ascendancy of the Radicals in the West|journal=Mississippi Valley Historical Review|volume=35|issue=1|pages=77–90|publisher=Organization of American Historians|issn=|oclc=|jstor=1895140|doi=10.2307/1895140}} <!-- NOT CITED IN ARTICLE *{{cite book|isbn=978-0-8071-3231-9|oclc=|title=Inside the Confederate Nation: Essays in Honor of Emory M. Thomas|url=|authorlink=Emory M. Thomas|last= Thomas|first=Emory M.|editor1-first=Lesley J.|editor1-last=Gordon|editor2-first=John C.|editor2-last=Inscoe|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|year=2007}} --> * {{cite book|ref=Thomas|first=Benjamin P.|authorlink=Benjamin P. Thomas|last=Thomas|title=Abraham Lincoln: A Biography|publisher=Southern Illinois University|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8093-2887-1}} * {{cite book|isbn=978-0-925436-21-4|oclc=|title=The Lincoln Funeral Train: The Final Journey and National Funeral for Abraham Lincoln|last=Trostel|first=Scott D.|publisher=Cam-Tech Publishing|year=2002}} * {{cite book|ref=Vorenberg|last=Vorenberg|first=Michael|title=Final Freedom: the Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-521-65267-4}} * {{cite book|author=Warren, Louis A. |title=Lincoln's Youth: Indiana Years, Seven to Twenty-One, 1816–1830|publisher=Indiana Historical Society|location=Indianapolis |year=1991|pages=| isbn=0-87195-063-4}} * {{cite book|ref=White|last=White Jr.|first=Ronald C.|title=A. Lincoln: A Biography|publisher=Random House, Inc|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4000-6499-1}} * {{cite book|ref=Wills|first=Garry|last=Wills|authorlink=Garry Wills|title=[[Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America]]|isbn=0-671-86742-3|year=1993|publisher=Simon & Schuster }} * {{cite book|ref=Wilson|first=Douglas L.|last=Wilson|publisher=Knopf Publishing Group|title=Honor's Voice: The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln|year=1999|isbn=978-0-375-70396-6 }} * {{cite book|ref=Winkle|last=Winkle|first=Kenneth J.|title=The Young Eagle: The Rise of Abraham Lincoln|year=2001|publisher=Taylor Trade Publications|isbn=978-0-87833-255-7}} * {{cite book|ref=Zarefsky|authorlink=David Zarefsky|isbn=978-0-226-97876-5|title=Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: In the Crucible of Public Debate|last=Zarefsky|first=David S.|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1993}} * {{cite journal|last=Zilversmit|first=Arthur|year=1980|title=Lincoln and the Problem of Race: A Decade of Interpretations|journal=Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association|volume=2|issue=11|pages=22–24|publisher=Abraham Lincoln Association|url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jala/2/zilversmit.html|ref=}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} {{Refend}} <!-- NOT CITED IN ARTICLE *{{cite book|ref=Miller |first=William Lee |last=Miller |title=Lincoln's Virtues: An Ethical Biography |year=2002 |isbn=0-375-40158-X |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf }} --> ===Ìwé ìtàn=== * {{cite book|isbn=978-1-58182-369-1|title=One Hundred Essential Lincoln Books|last=Burkhimer|first=Michael|publisher=Cumberland House|location=|year=2003}} * {{cite book|isbn=978-0-393-06756-9|title=Our Lincoln: New Perspectives on Lincoln and His World|last=Foner|first=Eric|publisher=W.W. Norton |location=|year=2008}} * Holzer, Harold and Craig L. Symonds, eds. ''Exploring Lincoln: Great Historians Reappraise Our Greatest President'' (2015), essays by 16 scholars * Manning, Chandra, "The Shifting Terrain of Attitudes toward Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation", ''Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association,'' 34 (Winter 2013), 18–39. * Smith, Adam I.P. "The 'Cult' of Abraham Lincoln and the Strange Survival of Liberal [[Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì|England]] in the Era of the World Wars", ''Twentieth Century British History,'' (Dec 2010) 21#4 pp.&nbsp;486–509 * Spielberg, Steven; Goodwin, Doris Kearns; Kushner, Tony. "Mr. Lincoln Goes to Hollywood", ''Smithsonian'' (2012) 43#7 pp.&nbsp;46–53. n23rp27s86a76qstlob3f9cbfvkk3n8 Paul Painlevé 0 26462 632182 556480 2026-08-19T19:51:24Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox officeholder|image=Paul Painlevé 01.jpg}} '''Paul Painlevé''' je ará Faransé tí ó jẹ́ alákóso àgbà ti ilè [[France|Fúránsì]] tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thomas, Martin |title=Albert Sarraut, French Colonial Development, and the Communist Threat, 1919–1930|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-history_2005-12_77_4/page/917 |journal=Journal of Modern History|year=2005|volume=77|issue=4 |pages=917–955|doi=10.1086/499830 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Smart, Nick |title=The Maginot Line: An Indestructible Inheritance|journal=International Journal of Heritage Studies|year=1996|volume=2|issue=4|pages= 222–233|doi=10.1080/13527259608722177}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} {{Heads of government of France}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ará Fránsì]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] cle4zyd7ss856tsan7hstwpqhkv6jxd Akọ́dièyàn 0 26646 632109 466671 2026-08-19T18:02:24Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Akọ́dièyàn<br /> Primates<ref name="MSW3">{{MSW3 Groves|pages=111–184|id=12100001}}</ref> | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Paleocene|recent}} | image = Olive baboon1.jpg | image_caption = [[Olive Baboon]], ''Papio anubis'' | regnum = [[Àwọn Ẹranko]] | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Afọmúbọ́mọ|Àwọn Afọmúbọ́mọ]] | infraclassis = [[Eutheria]] | superordo = [[Euarchontoglires]] | ordo = '''Àwọn Akọ́dièyàn''' (Primates) | ordo_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = * 15, See [[Primate#Classification of living primates|classification]] | range_map = Non-human primate range.png | range_map_caption = Range of the non-human primates (green) }} '''Akọ́dièyàn''' (''primate'') ({{pron-en|ˈpraɪmeɪt}}, {{USdict|prī′·māt}}) je ikan ninu [[order (biology)|ito]] bioloji '''Awon Akọ́dièyàn''' tabi '''Primates''' ({{IPA-en|praɪˈmeɪtiːz|}} prī·mā′·tēz; [[Latin]]: "prime, first rank"<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title=Primate | encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |publisher= [[Merriam-Webster]] | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/primate | accessdate=2008-07-21}}<br /> From [[Old French]] or [[French language|French]] ''primat'', from a noun use of Latin ''primat-'', from ''primus'' ("prime, first rank"). The English singular ''primate'' was derived via [[back-formation]] from the Latin inflected form. [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] thought this the "highest" order of mammals</ref>), ibe na ni [[prosimians]] (lamupo mo [[lemur]]s, [[lorises]], [[galagos]] ati [[tarsier]]s ) ati [[simians]] (awon [[monkey|obo]] ati awon [[ape|aribieyan]]) wa.<ref name="Goodman2">{{cite journal | journal= Journal of Molecular Evolution | year= 1990 | volume= 30 | pages= 260–266 | title= Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids | url= https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-molecular-evolution_1990-03_30_3/page/260 | author= Goodman, M., Tagle, D. A., Fitch, D. H., Bailey, W., Czelusniak, J., Koop, B. F., Benson, P. & Slightom, J. L. | doi= 10.1007/BF02099995 | pmid= 2109087 | issue= 3}}</ref> Ti a ba yo awon [[Homo|eniyan]] kuro ti wo wa ni gbogbo orile Aye opo awon akodieyan ungbe ni ibi olooru tabi ibi olooru die ti awon Amerika, Afrika ati Asia.<ref name="britannica" /> {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn akọ́dièyàn]] ce58h8raw3wb62yftibt3k794gaen6p Àwọn Ajọọmọnìyàn 0 26649 632155 352199 2026-08-19T18:55:13Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name =Àwọn Ajọ̀bọ<br /> Apes<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=178–184}}</ref> | fossil_range = Late [[Oligocene]] - Recent | image = Weisshandgibbon tierpark berlin.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = [[Lar Gibbon]] (''Hylobates lar'') | regnum = [[Àwọn Ẹranko]] | phylum = [[chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Àwọn Afọmúbọ́mọ]] | ordo = [[Primate|Àwọn Akọ́dièyàn]] {''Primates''} | subordo = [[Haplorrhini]] | infraordo = [[Simiiformes]] | parvordo = [[Catarrhini]] | superfamilia = '''Àwọn Aríbíèyàn''' (''Hominoidea'') | superfamilia_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1825 | subdivision_ranks = [[Family (biology)|Families]] | subdivision = [[Hylobatidae]]<br /> [[Hominidae]]<br /> †[[Proconsulidae]]<br /> †[[Dryopithecidae]]<br /> †[[Oreopithecidae]]<br /> †[[Pliopithecidae]] }} '''Ajọ́bọ''' (''Ape'') je eyikeyi ninu ébi gbangba '''Àwọn Aríbíèyàn''' (''Hominoidea'') ti awon [[primate|akodieyan]], ninu won na ni awon [[human|eniyan]] wa. Labe sistemu iyasoto lowo awon [[family (biology)|ebi]] meji awon aribieyan lowa: * ebi [[Hylobatidae]] to ni apa 4 ati iru eya 14 awon [[gibbon|gibo]], ninu won ni [[Lar Gibbon|Gibo Lar]] ati [[Siamang]] wa, lapapo won je awon [[lesser apes|ajobo kekere]]. * ebi awon [[Hominidae|Ajoeyan]] (Hominidae) ninu won ni awon [[chimpanzee|osa]], awon [[gorilla]], awon [[human|eniyan]] ati awon [[orangutan]]<ref name=MSW3/><ref name=Goodman2>{{cite journal | journal = Journal of Molecular Evolution | year = 1990 | volume = 30 | pages = 260–266 | title = Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-molecular-evolution_1990-03_30_3/page/260 | author = M. Goodman, D. A. Tagle, D. H. Fitch, W. Bailey, J. Czelusniak, B. F. Koop, P. Benson, J. L. Slightom | doi = 10.1007/BF02099995 | pmid = 2109087 | issue = 3}}</ref> lapapo a mo won bi awon [[Hominidae|ajobo ninla]]. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ajọ̀bọ| ]] [[so:Daayeer]] [[uk:Людиноподібні мавпи]] 4cleloagyxq2bstultwcb3tib2ddnes Ìjímèrè 0 26656 632013 630210 2026-08-19T15:15:06Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Irúfẹ́ ọ̀bọ kan ní ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà}} {{redirect|Patas|ìlú Romanian ti Pătaş|Prigor}} {{Speciesbox | name = Ìjímèrè<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Groves | page = 160|id=12100520}}</ref> | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=De Jong, Y.A. |author2=Rylands, A.B. |author3=Butynski, T.M. |year=2022 |amends=2020 |title=''Erythrocebus patas'' |article-number=e.T174391079A217739569 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T174391079A217739569.en}}</ref> | image = Patas Monkey.jpg | image_caption = Ní Ọgbà Ẹranko ti [[San Francisco Zoo]], California, U.S. | genus = Erythrocebus | species = patas | authority = ([[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1775) | range_map = Patas Monkey area.png | range_map_caption = Agbègbè tí wọ́n ń gbé (ó pẹ̀lú ''E. poliophaeus'' àti ''E. baumstarki'') }} '''Ìjímèrè''' ('''''Erythrocebus patas'''''), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''ọ̀bọ hussar''',<ref name="iucn"/> jẹ́ irúfẹ́ [[ọ̀bọ]] kan tí ó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ tí a lè rí káàkiri àwọn agbègbè [[Sahel|tí omi kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ pọ̀ sí]] ní [[Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà|Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà]], àti títí dé [[Ìlà-oòrùn Áfíríkà|Ìlà-Oòrùn Áfíríkà]]. == Tàkísónómì == Ìdàrúdàpọ̀ díẹ̀ wà bóyá àwọn ẹ̀yà kékeré (subspecies) rẹ̀ tí ó fẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀ wà, pẹ̀lú àwọn kan tí wọ́n ka mẹ́rin,{{sfn|Kingdon|1997|pp=57–58}} àwọn míràn ka mẹ́ta,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=LibGuides: Patas Monkey (''Erythrocebus patas'') Fact Sheet: Physical Characteristics|url=http://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/patasmonkey/characteristics-page|last=Autin|first=Beth|website=ielc.libguides.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> àti pé àwọn míràn tún ka méjì: ti ìwọ̀-oòrùn tí í ṣe ''Erythrocebus patas patas'' (pẹ̀lú imú dúdú) àti ti ìlà-oòrùn tí í ṣe ''E. patas pyrrhonotus'' (pẹ̀lú imú funfun). Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, a wá ṣàwárí rẹ̀ lẹ́yìnwá pé àwọ̀ imú tí wọ́n ń lò láti fi pín àwọn ẹ̀yà kékeré wọ̀nyí lè yípadà sí funfun nígbà oyún lára àwọn abo, àti pé ó tún máa ń yípadà bí ẹranko náà ṣe ń dàgbà, pẹ̀lúpẹ̀lú ''E. patas pyrrhonotus'' ní orílẹ̀-èdè Kenya sábà máa ń kò ní imú funfun,<ref name=msw3/><ref name="Gippoliti2017"/> nítorí èyí ni ìwé ''[[Mammal Species of the World]]'' ṣe pín ''E. patas'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ẹlẹ́yà-kan (monotypic).<ref name=msw3/> Ipò ìdílé ẹ̀yà yìí ti máa ń yípadà rí. [[Colin Groves]] kọ́kọ́ jiyàn rẹ̀ pé ẹ̀yà yìí tan mọ́ ''[[Cercopithecus aethiops]]'' pẹ́kípẹ́kí ní ọdún 1989, nípasẹ̀ àgbékalẹ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ara wọn ([[Morphology (anatomy)|morphology]]). Àwọn ẹ̀rí ìtàn ẹbí (Phylogenetic) láti ọdún 2003 jọ bíi pé ó tì í lẹ́yìn, níbi tí wọ́n ti rí i pé ìjímèrè di ìdílé kọ̀ọ̀kan ([[clade]]) nínú ìdílé ọ̀bọ vervet tí í ṣe ''[[Cercopithecus]]'' pẹ̀lú ''C. aethiops'' àti [[Cercopithecus lhoesti|''C. lhoesti'']], àti nípasẹ̀ ìwádìí yìí ni a ṣe dábàá pé kí wọ́n da ''Erythrocebus'' pọ̀ mọ́ ''Cercopithecus''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tosi |first1=Anthony J. |last2=Disotell |first2=Todd R. |last3=Carlos Morales |first3=Juan |last4=Melnick |first4=Don J. |date=June 2003 |title=Cercopithecine Y-chromosome data provide a test of competing morphological evolutionary hypotheses |url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2003-06_27_3/page/510 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=510–521 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00024-1|pmid=12742755 |bibcode=2003MolPE..27..510T }}</ref> Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, àwọn ìwádìí àìpẹ́ yìí ti rí i pé àlàyé ''Cercopithecus'' yìí kò fẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀ dáadáa, tí a sì ti tún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀yà inú ''Cercopithecus'' pín sí oríṣiríṣi ìdílé àti ẹ̀yà tuntun, pẹ̀lú ''C. aethiops'' tí a ti gbé lọ sí ''[[Chlorocebus]]'' àti ''C. lhoesti'' sí ''[[Allochrocebus]]''. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ báyìí, wọ́n ka ''Erythrocebus'' sí ìdílé tó dá dúró. Wọ́n ti kọ́kọ́ rò pé ìdílé ẹlẹ́yà-kan ([[Monotypic taxon|monotypic genus]]) tí ó ní ''E. patas'' nìkan ni ''[[Erythrocebus]]'' jẹ́. Àmọ́ ṣáá, ìwádìí kan ní ọdún 2017 dábàá láti pín ''E. patas'' sí ẹ̀yà mẹ́ta (''E. patas [[Sensu|sensu stricto]]'', ''[[Blue Nile patas monkey|E. poliphaeus]]'', àti ''[[Southern patas monkey|E. baumstarki]]'') lórí ìyàtọ̀ ti ẹ̀yà ara ati àwọn àlàfo ilẹ̀ gígùn tó wà láàárín wọn, pẹ̀lú [[IUCN Red List]] àti [[American Society of Mammalogists]] tí wọ́n tẹ̀lé ìdábàá yìí.<ref name="Gippoliti2017">{{cite journal|last1=Gippoliti|first1=Spartaco|date=2017|title=On the Taxonomy of ''Erythrocebus'' with a Re-evaluation of ''Erythrocebus poliophaeus'' (Reichenbach, 1862) from the Blue Nile Region of Sudan and Ethiopia|url=http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/27795196/1515432572007/PC31_Gippoliti_Patas_Ethiopia.pdf?token=cIj1jDNWn0VX8tn2QOizgCoV2W8%3D|journal=Primate Conservation|volume=31|pages=53–59|issn=2162-4232|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="iucn"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=ITIS - Report: Erythrocebus|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=572823#null|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.itis.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Database|first=Mammal Diversity|title=Mammal Diversity Database|date=2021-11-06|doi=10.5281/zenodo.5651212 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/5651212|access-date=2021-11-12}}</ref> == Ìjúwe == Ìjímèrè akọ a máa dàgbà tó {{convert|60|cm|in|abbr=on}} sí {{cvt|87|cm|in}} ní gígùn, láìka ìrù rẹ̀ mọ́, tí gígùn tirẹ̀ jẹ́ {{cvt|75|cm|in}}. Àwọn àgbàlagbà akọ máa ń tóbi púpọ̀ ju àwọn àgbàlagbà abo lọ, tí gígùn àwọn abo sábà máa ń jẹ́ ìwọ̀n {{cvt|49|cm|in}}.<ref name="factsheet">Kurt J. Gron (2006), [http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/patas_monkey Primate Factsheets: Patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas'') Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology.] Accessed 23 July 2018.</ref> Àwọn àgbàlagbà akọ máa ń gbé ìwọ̀n {{cvt|12.4|kg|1}} nígbà tí àwọn àgbàlagbà abo ń gbé ìwọ̀n {{cvt|6.5|kg|1}}, èyí tó fi ìyàtọ̀ ńlá hàn láàárín akọ àti abo ([[sexual dimorphism]]).<ref name="factsheet"/> Àwọn akọ ni wọ́n ní eyín òkè àti ìsàlẹ̀ ([[canine teeth]]) tí ó gùn jùlọ nínú gbogbo àwọn ọ̀bọ onírù-gígùn ní Áfíríkà, ìtóbi eyín wọn yìí sì ní ipa tó ń kó nínú bí wọ́n ṣe ń jọba lórí ara wọn nínú ẹgbẹ́ ([[Dominance_hierarchy|pecking order]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Fast, Die Young |url=https://www.nwf.org/Home/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2006/Live-Fast-Die-Young |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=National Wildlife Federation |language=en}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú eré sísá tó kúnná tó {{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, òun ni ẹni tó máa ń sáré jùlọ láàárín gbogbo àwọn ẹranko lẹmọ́lẹmọ́ ([[primate]]).{{sfn|Arsuaga|Ignacio|2006|p=18}} Ìwọ̀n ẹ̀mí wọn nínú igbó lè pé ọdún ogún.<ref name="factsheet" /> == Ìpínkiri àti ibùgbé == Àwọn ìjímèrè máa ń gbé nínú igbó gbígbẹ tí ó ṣí sílẹ̀.<ref name=":0" /> Wọ́n ń rí wọn ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá gbùngbùn, ìwọ̀-oòrùn, àti ìlà-oòrùn Áfíríkà. Wọ́n tún ti ṣàgbékalẹ̀ wọn sí [[Puerto Rico]], níbi tí wọ́n ti di ẹranko amúnilára.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Global invasive species database|title= Erythrocebus patas|url=http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Erythrocebus+patas}}</ref> == Ìhùwàsí == Ìjímèrè máa ń gbé nínú ẹgbẹ́ tí ó kún fún àwọn abo tó lè tó ọgọ́ta (bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ti ròyìn pé wọ́n lè pọ̀ jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ). Ẹgbẹ́ yìí máa ń ní àgbàlagbà akọ ẹyọ kan ṣoṣo fún apá tó pọ̀ jùlọ nínú ọdún.{{sfn|Hall|2009|pp=15–87}} Nígbà àsìkò ìbálòpọ̀, àwọn akọ láti ìta máa ń wọ inú ẹgbẹ́ náà láti bá àwọn abo lòpọ̀. Láàárín àwọn lẹmọ́lẹmọ́, àwọn ìjímèrè ló máa ń rìn ìrìn-àjò tó jìnnà jùlọ lóòjọ́ tí wọ́n sì ní àyè ibùgbé tó tóbi jùlọ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìtóbi ara wọn.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Isbell |first=Lynne A |title=All the World's Primates |date=2016 |publisher=Pogonias Press |editor-last=Rowe |editor-first=Noel |location=Rhode Island |pages=469 |chapter=Patas monkey |editor-last2=Myers |editor-first2=Marc}}</ref> Àwọn àgbà abo nínú ẹgbẹ́ ló máa ń ṣáájú ìrìn-àjò wọn nígbà tí akọ yóò máa tẹ̀lé wọn lẹ́yìn.{{sfn|Hall|2009|pp=15–87}} Ìjímèrè máa ń jẹ [[kòkòrò]], oje igi, [[èso igi]] (seeds), àti gbòǹgbò/iṣu inu ilẹ̀ ([[Rhizome|tubers]]), oúnjẹ tí ó sàbà máa ń jẹ́ ti àwọn lẹmọ́lẹmọ́ tó kéré jùwọ́n lọ.{{sfn|Isbell|1998|pp=381–398}} === Ìbálòpọ̀ === Ìbálòpọ̀ láàárín àwọn ìjímèrè máa ń wáyé ní igbà àsìkò rẹ̀, ó sì máa ń gba nǹkan bí i oṣù kan lọ́dọọdún.<ref>[[Thelma Rowell|Rowell, T. E.]] (1987). On the significance of the concept of the harem when applied to animals. ''Social Science Information'', ''26''(3), 649-669. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1177/053901887026003010</nowiki> (Original work published 1987)</ref> Abo á máa fa ọkàn akọ mọ́ra nípa sísáré kọjá níwájú rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìrù rẹ̀ tó ká sókè, yóò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ níwájú rẹ̀. Nígbà míràn, ó tún lè máa da itọ́ pẹ̀lú kíkú ẹ̀rẹ̀kẹ́ rẹ̀.<ref name=":2" /> === Ètò àwùjọ ti àwọn abo === A ti ṣàkíyèsí onírúurú ìyàtọ̀ nínú ètò àwùjọ àwọn abo ìjímèrè láàárín àwọn oríṣiríṣi àkójọpọ̀. Ìyàtọ̀ yìí lè dúró lórí wíwá oúnjẹ, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe máa ń rí rògbòdìyàn láàárín wọn nítorí ìjàgbà oúnjẹ tó kéré. Rògbòdìyàn tó pọ̀ jùlọ lórí oúnjẹ tó ṣọ̀wọ́n, bí i àwọn igbó èso, sábà máa ń mú kí ìṣàkóso tàbí jíjọba lórí ara wọn fẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀ dáadáa ju àwọn ibùgbé tí oúnjẹ bí i kòkòrò ti fọnká. Ìyàtọ̀ nínú bí wọ́n ṣe rí àwọn oúnjẹ wọ̀nyí ló fa ìyàtọ̀ nínú bí àwọn abo ṣe ń ṣe alákòóso lórí ara wọn.{{sfn|Nakagawa|2008}} Ìjà láàárín àwọn abo tún ti jẹ́rìí sí pé wọ́n mọ àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ìbátan nípasẹ̀ ìyá (matrilineal relatives). Wọ́n ti ṣàkíyèsí pé, kété lẹ́yìn ìjà láàárín abo méjì, àwọn ìjímèrè sábà máa ń hùwà sí ara wọn lọ́nà tí ó yàtọ̀ sí bí wọn kò bá jà. Àwọn abo sábà máa ń parí ìjà nípa jíjókòó pọ̀ àti títọ́jú ara wọn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwà ìrẹ́jọ yìí máa ń wáyé láàárín àwọn tí kì í ṣe ìbátan, ó wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ láàárín àwọn ìbátan nípasẹ̀ ìyá. Ètò ìṣàkóso lórí ara wọn kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ipa lórí bóyá wọ́n á rẹ́ tàbí wọn kò ní rẹ́, àyàfi pé abo tó wà lókè jùlọ (alpha-female) ni kì í sábà jẹ́ kí àrẹ́jọ wáyé jùlọ. Ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìbátan nípasẹ̀ ìyá tún wọ́pọ̀ láàárín àwọn lẹmọ́lẹmọ́ míràn, bí i ọ̀bọ vervet.{{sfn|York|Rowell|1988}} Ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ láàárín àwọn abo tún máa ń wáyé. Àwọn àgbà abo tí kò ní ọmọ lè ṣèrànwọ́ láti tọ́ ọmọ àwọn ẹlòmíràn. Nínú ẹgbẹ́ tí a kápá wọn sínú ọgbà, abo kan lè máa gba ọmọ tí ó kéré ju tirẹ̀ lọ déédéé láti fún ní ọmú.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rowell |first=Thelma |date=Summer 1975 |title=Growing Up in a Monkey Group |journal=Ethos |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=119 |doi=10.1525/eth.1975.3.2.02a00030 |jstor=640223 }}</ref> === Ètò àwùjọ ti àwọn akọ === Níta àsìkò ìbálòpọ̀ (èyí tí í ṣe nǹkan bí oṣù kan lọ́dún), ẹgbẹ́ tó dúró ṣinṣin máa ń pẹ̀lú àgbà akọ kan àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ abo. Èyí sọ àwọn akọ tó kù di ẹni tí ń dá ẹgbẹ́ akọ nìkan sílẹ̀ tàbí kí wọ́n máa dágbé. Nígbà àsìkò ìbálòpọ̀, nígbà tí àwọn abo bá ń ṣe gbà-mí-n-rà, àwọn akọ láti ìta á wọ inú ẹgbẹ́ wá láti bá àwọn abo lòpọ̀ "lọ́nà tí ó jọ ìdàpọ̀-pálapàla."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Rowell |first=T. E. |date=March 1988 |title=Beyond the One-Male Group |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4534667 |journal=Behaviour |volume=104 |issue=3/4 |pages=189–201 |doi=10.1163/156853988X00511 |jstor=4534667 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú bìgìbìgì tí àwọn akọ ìta wọ̀nyí fi ń wọlé, akọ tó wà nínú ẹgbẹ́ kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ ní àǹfààní púpọ̀ láti bá àwọn abo lòpọ̀ ju àwọn yòókù lọ. Ní ìparí àsìkò ìbálòpọ̀, nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn abo bá ti lóyún, àkójọpọ̀ akọ-kan á tún padà dà pọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ kan ṣoṣo yóò ṣe lé àwọn yòókù jáde.<ref name=":0" /> Nínú àwọn ipò kan, akọ olùtẹ̀lé-àṣẹ ni akọ inú ẹgbẹ́ náà lè fàyè gba fún ìgbà díẹ̀; bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, wọ́n kì í pẹ́ nínú ẹgbẹ́ ju ọjọ́ mélòó kan lọ.{{sfn|Ohsawa|2003}} Wọ́n ti ṣàkíyèsí pé àwọn ọ̀dọ́ akọ máa ń kúrò nínú ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n ti bí wọn nígbà tí wọ́n bá wà lọ́mọ ọdún méjì sí mẹ́rin, pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ láàárín àwọn ẹgbẹ́. Kò tíì sẹ́ni tó mọ ìdí gan-an tí àwọn ọ̀dọ́ akọ fi ń kúrò nínú ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n ti bí wọn. Nígbà tí wọ́n ti rí i pé àwọn àgbà akọ máa ń hùwà ìkà sí àwọn ọ̀dọ́ akọ lẹ́wọ̀n, àwọn ìjímèrè nínú igbó máa ń kúrò nínú ẹgbẹ́ wọn láìsí rògbòdìyàn kankan láti ọ̀dọ̀ àgbà akọ. Àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wọ̀nyí á bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín àkókò tí wọ́n ń lò pẹ̀lú àwọn àgbà abo kù, kúrò lọ́dọ̀ àgbà akọ. Èyí lè fi hàn pé wíwó tí okùn ìbátan ìyá ń wó ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn ọ̀dọ́ fi ń pínyà kúrò nínú ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n ti bí wọn dípò ìyọnu láti ọ̀dọ̀ akọ.{{sfn|Rogers|Chism|2009}} === Àwọn ohùn ìdágìrì === Àwọn ìjímèrè ní àwọn ohùn ìdágìrì (alarm calls) ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ tí wọ́n fi ń kìlọ̀ fún àwọn mẹ́ńbà nínú ẹgbẹ́ nípa àwọn ẹranko apẹran-jẹ. Àwọn mẹ́ńbà ẹgbẹ́ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ (f.a. àgbà abo, àgbà akọ, ọ̀dọ́, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ) ló máa ń dún àwọn ohùn ìdágìrì míràn àti pé àwọn ohùn ìdágìrì kan kókó jẹ́ ti onírúurú ẹranko apẹran-jẹ. Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí àwọn lẹmọ́lẹmọ́ míràn, ọ̀wọ́n ni kí àwọn ìjímèrè sá pamọ́ fún ẹranko apẹran-jẹ lórí igi. Èyí sábà máa ń jẹ́ nítorí aáwọn igi tí kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ pọ̀ ní àwọn àyè ibùgbé ìjímèrè. Nígbà tí àwọn ìjímèrè yóò ti máa sáré lórí ilẹ̀ kúrò lọ́wọ́ ẹranko apẹran-jẹ, wọ́n ti ṣàkíyèsí pé wọ́n lè kọjú ìjà sí ẹranko bí i akátá àti ológbò igbó. Wọ́n ti ṣàkíyèsí ìwà yìí nínú àwọn akọ àti abo.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1002/ajpa.10104|pmid=12209569|title=Comparison of responses to alarm calls by patas (''Erythrocebus patas'') and vervet (''Cercopithecus aethiops'') monkeys in relation to habitat structure|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-physical-anthropology_2002-09_119_1/page/3|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=119|issue=1|pages=3–14|year=2002|last1=Enstam|first1=Karin L.|last2=Isbell|first2=Lynne A.|bibcode=2002AJPA..119....3E |s2cid=2743602 }}</ref> == Nínú àṣà olókìkí == Ìbáṣepọ̀ tó wà láàárín ìjímèrè àti igi àkíṣà kẹ́ṣẹ́kẹ́ṣẹ́ ([[whistling thorn]] [[acacia]]) ló ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ orísun ìmísí fún ìwé ''[[The Lorax]]'' láti ọwọ́ [[Dr. Seuss]].<ref>Joanna Klein, "Can It Be? ''The Lorax'' Sprang from a Monkey?: A New Essay Explores the Possible Real-life Inspiration for a Dr. Seuss Character", ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 7, 2018, p. D6.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Klein |first=Joanna |date=July 23, 2018 |title=Who Was the Real Lorax? Seeking the Inspiration for Dr. Seuss |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/23/science/lorax-dr-seuss-environment.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=Trilobites |access-date=January 10, 2023}}</ref> == Àwòrán == <gallery> Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) male.jpg|akọ, [[Senegal]] Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) male rear.jpg|akọ, tó ń ṣàfihàn ẹ̀pọ̀n aláró, [[Senegal]] Image:Patas monkey.jpg <!-- Deleted image removed: Image:Patas monkey baby close.jpg --> <!-- Deleted image removed: Image:Patas_monkey_baby_looks.jpg --> <!-- Deleted image removed: Image:Patas_monkey_baby_plays.jpg --> File:Patas.jpg Beninese boy and pet monkey at Bembèrèkè 2009-06-15.JPG|Ọmọkùnrin ará Benin pẹ̀lú ọ̀bọ tí ó sọ di ohun ọ̀sìn rẹ̀ </gallery> == Àwọn àkíyèsí == {{Reflist}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == * {{Cite book| last1 = Arsuaga| first1 = Juan Luis| last2 = Ignacio| first2 = Martínez| title = The Chosen Species: The Long March of Human Evolution| publisher = Blackwell Publishing| orig-date = 1997| year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-4051-1532-2}} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1966.tb02942.x|title=Behaviour and ecology of the wild Patas monkey, ''Erythrocebus patas'', in Uganda|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=148|pages=15–87|year=2009|last1=Hall|first1=K. R. L.}} * {{cite book |last=Kingdon |first=J. |year=1997 |title=The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals |publisher=Academic Press Limited |location=London |isbn=978-0-12-408355-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/kingdonfieldguid00jona }} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)45:4<381::AID-AJP5>3.0.CO;2-S|pmid=9702283|title=Diet for a small primate: Insectivory and gummivory in the (large) patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas pyrrhonotus)|journal=American Journal of Primatology|volume=45|issue=4|pages=381–98|year=1998|last1=Isbell|first1=Lynne A.|s2cid=16880971 |author-link1=Lynne Isbell}} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10764-009-9332-7 |pmid=20976285 |pmc=2949556|year=2009 |last1=Isbell |first1=L. A. |author-link1=Lynne Isbell|title=Demography and Life Histories of Sympatric Patas Monkeys, ''Erythrocebus patas'', and Vervets, ''Cercopithecus aethiops'', in Laikipia, Kenya |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=103–124 |last2=Young |first2=T. P. |last3=Jaffe |first3=K. E. |last4=Carlson |first4=A. A. |last5=Chancellor |first5=R. L. }} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1002/ajp.20481|pmid=17854072|title=Despotic wild patas monkeys (''Erythrocebus patas'') in Kala Maloue, Cameroon|journal=American Journal of Primatology|volume=70|issue=3|pages=238–46|year=2008|last1=Nakagawa|first1=Naofumi|s2cid=36739667 }} * {{Cite journal |pmid=12687473|year=2003|last1=Ohsawa|first1=H|title=Long-term study of the social dynamics of patas monkeys (''Erythrocebus patas''): Group male supplanting and changes to the multi-male situation|url=https://archive.org/details/primates_2003-04_44_2/page/99|journal=Primates; Journal of Primatology|volume=44|issue=2|pages=99–107|doi=10.1007/s10329-002-0024-6|s2cid=31393728 }} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1163/156853908X395549|title=Male dispersal in patas monkeys (''Erythrocebus patas'') |journal=Behaviour |volume=146 |issue=4 |page=657 |year=2009 |last1=Rogers |first1=William |last2=Chism |first2=Janice |s2cid=84124341 }} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0003-3472(88)80021-6|title=Reconciliation following aggression in patas monkeys, ''Erythrocebus patas''|journal=Animal Behaviour|volume=36|issue=2|page=502|year=1988|last1=York|first1=Alison D.|last2=Rowell|first2=T.E.|bibcode=1988AnBeh..36..502Y |s2cid=53158009 }} == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ìta == {{Wikispecies|Erythrocebus}} {{Wikispecies|Erythrocebus patas|Patas monkey}} {{Commons}} * [http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/patas_monkey Primate Info Net ''Erythrocebus patas'' Factsheet] {{C.Cercopithecinae nav}} {{Authority control}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q504496}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Erythrocebus]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹranko afọ́mọlọ́mú tí a ṣàpéjúwe ní 1775]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọ̀bọ]] ely7jm45jikbfydfnn7gyy78yttupte Mario Capecchi 0 29579 632046 505530 2026-08-19T16:21:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 5 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Scientist | name = Mario Capecchi | image = Mario Capecchi UTHSCSA.JPG | image_width = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|10|6|}} | birth_place = [[Verona]], [[Italy]] | nationality = [[United States]] | field = [[Genetics]] | work_institutions = [[Harvard School of Medicine]]<br>[[University of Utah]] | alma_mater = [[George School]]<br>[[Antioch College]], [[Ohio]]<br>[[Harvard University]] | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = [[Knockout mouse]] | influences = | religion = Quaker | influenced = | prizes = [[Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research]] (2001)<br>[[Wolf Prize in Medicine]] (2002)<br> [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (2007) | footnotes = }} '''Mario Renato Capecchi''' ([[Verona]], [[Italy]], bíi Ọjọ́ Kẹfà Oṣù Kẹwa nìnù Ọd́n 1937) jẹ́ onímọ̀ ẹ̀kọ́ molecular genetics ọmọ ilẹ̀ [[America|Amẹ́ríkà]] tí wọ́n bí sí ilẹ̀ Italy tí ó gba [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Ẹ̀bùn Nobel nínú ìmọ̀ bí ara ṣe ń ṣiṣ́ẹ́ tàbí ìmọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ fún ìlera]] ní ọdún 2007 fún ṣíṣe àwárí ọ̀nà tí a lè gbà dà eku, ní èyí tí a lè pa gene ẹ̀, tí àwọ́n olóyìnbó ń pè ní knockout mice.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90646-5 | last1 = Thomas | first1 = K. R. | last2 = Capecchi | first2 = M. R. | title = Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells | url = https://archive.org/details/cell_1987-11-06_51_3/page/503 | journal = Cell | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 503–512 | year = 1987 | pmid = 2822260}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mansour | first1 = S. L. | last2 = Thomas | first2 = K. R. | last3 = Capecchi | first3 = M. R. | doi = 10.1038/336348a0 | title = Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: A general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1988-11-24_336_6197/page/n81 | journal = Nature | volume = 336 | issue = 6197 | pages = 348–352 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3194019| pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Capecchi | first1 = M. R. | title = High efficiency transformation by direct microinjection of DNA into cultured mammalian cells | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1980-11_22_2/page/479 | journal = Cell | volume = 22 | issue = 2 Pt 2 | pages = 479–488 | year = 1980 | pmid = 6256082 | doi=10.1016/0092-8674(80)90358-x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Chisaka | first1 = O. | last2 = Capecchi | first2 = M. R. | doi = 10.1038/350473a0 | title = Regionally restricted developmental defects resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse homeobox gene hox-1.5 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1991-04-11_350_6318/page/473 | journal = Nature | volume = 350 | issue = 6318 | pages = 473–479 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1673020 | pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90463-0 | last1 = Thomas | first1 = K. R. | last2 = Folger | first2 = K. R. | last3 = Capecchi | first3 = M. R. | title = High frequency targeting of genes to specific sites in the mammalian genome | url = https://archive.org/details/cell_1986-02-14_44_3/page/419 | journal = Cell | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | pages = 419–428 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3002636}}</ref> Ó pín èbùn yí pẹ̀lú [[Martin Evans]] àti [[Oliver Smithies]].<ref name = "Nobel 2007">{{cite web|url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/index.html|title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007|accessdate = 2007-10-08|publisher = Nobelprize.org}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} {{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Capecchi Mario}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1937]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Nobel nínú Ìwòsàn]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Nobel ará Itálíà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Nobel ará Amẹ́ríkà]] {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ql3axjgdxr0fdj3wfzhdr3957vafbdy Ibà 0 30056 632052 574937 2026-08-19T16:30:10Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632052 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Clinical thermometer 38.7.JPG|thumb|Clinical thermometer]]{{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Malaria|pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}}|image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg|caption=[[Plasmodium|Malaria parasite]] connecting to a [[red blood cell]]|field=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=Fever, vomiting, headache, [[jaundice|yellow skin]]<ref name=Cara2014/>|complications=[[Epileptic seizure|seizures]], [[coma]],<ref name=Cara2014/> [[organ failure]], [[anemia]], [[cerebral malaria]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= }}</ref>|onset=10–15 days post exposure<ref name=WHO2014/>|duration=|causes=''[[Plasmodium]]'' spread by [[mosquito]]es<ref name=Cara2014/>|risks=|diagnosis=Examination of the blood, [[malaria antigen detection tests|antigen detection tests]]<ref name=Cara2014/>|differential=|prevention=[[Mosquito net]]s, [[insect repellent]], [[mosquito control]], medications<ref name=Cara2014/>|treatment=|medication=[[Antimalarial medication]]<ref name=WHO2014/>|frequency=247 million (2021)<ref name="who2022"/>|deaths=619,000 (2021)<ref name="who2022"/>|alt=}} <nowiki>'''Ibà'''</nowiki> jẹ aisan ti eniyan tabi eranko miran le ko nigba ti efon ba je won.<ref name="who.int.2022">{{Cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Dahalan FA, Churcher TS, Windbichler N, Lawniczak MK|title=The male mosquito contribution towards malaria transmission: Mating influences the Anopheles female midgut transcriptome and increases female susceptibility to human malaria parasites|journal=PLOS Pathogens|volume=15|issue=11|pages=e1008063|date=November 2019|pmid=31697788|pmc=6837289|doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008063|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="WHO2014" /> Awon apeere ti a le fi mo wipe eniyan ni aisan iba ni otutu, aare ara, eebi ati ori fifo. <ref name="Cara2014">{{cite journal|vauthors=Caraballo H, King K|title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus|journal=Emergency Medicine Practice|volume=16|issue=5|pages=1–23; quiz 23–4|date=May 2014|pmid=25207355|s2cid=23716674|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405|archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK|title=Malaria: An Update|journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics|volume=84|issue=7|pages=521–528|date=July 2017|pmid=28357581|doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2|s2cid=11461451}}</ref> Lopo igba, aisan le mu ki oju eniyan o pon, ki giri o muni, ki eniyan o daku tabi iku ojiji.<ref name="Cara2014" /> Awon apeere ti a ti menuba loke yi yoo bere laarin ojo mewa si ojo meedogun leyin ti efon ba ti jeni. <ref name="WHO2014" /> Bi a ko ba setoju aisan iba, o see se ki o tun pada muni laimoye igba leyin osu die. <ref name="WHO2014" /> Amo, bi o ba tun seyo lara eni ti o ti gba itoju ti o peye tele, ko ni fi bee lagbara pupo.<ref name="Cara2014" /> Bi efon ko ba je eni ti o ti ni aisan iba ri mo, aisan iba ko ni gbe irufe eni bee sanle mo.<ref name="Cara2014" /> Ibà je àmì aìsàn ti o wopo, ara ònà ti a fi n se wadi re ni ki a lo [[òsùnwàn ìgbóná]] (ti awon oyinbo n pe ni "thermometer"). Awọn kokoro aifojuri alabala ẹyọkan ti ẹgbẹ Plasmodium ni o ma n fa Iba eniyan.<ref name="WHO20142" /> Aisan iba ma n tan kaakiri nipasẹ awọn ẹfọn Anopheles ti o ni arun nigbati won ba ge eniyan je.<ref name="WHO20142" /><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Walter K, John CC|title=Malaria|journal=JAMA|volume=327|issue=6|pages=597|date=February 2022|pmid=35133414|doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468|s2cid=246651569|doi-access=free}}</ref> Jijẹ ẹfọn ma n da awọn kokoro parasite lati itọ ẹfọn papo mo ẹjẹ eniyan.<ref name="WHO20142" /> Awọn kokoro parasite yii ma n lọ si inu edo eniyan, nibiti wọn ti maa dagba ti won a si maa bimo lati po si.<ref name="Cara20142" /> Ẹya marun ti Plasmodium lo le fa akoran ati titan kaakiri aisan iba lara eniyan.<ref name="Cara20142" /> P. falciparum ni o ma n fa iku lopolopo ju, sugbon P. vivax, P. ovale, ati P. malariae ni won ma n fa iru ibà kan to lo wooro diẹ.<ref name="Cara20142" /><ref name="WHO20142" /> Ẹya P. Knowlesi ṣọwọn nibi fifa aisan laarin eniyan.<ref name="WHO20142" /> Ayẹwo iba ma n waye nipasẹ iwadi re ninu ẹjẹ eniyan, tabi pẹlu awọn idanwo iwadii ti o da lori antigen.<ref name="Cara20142" /> Idagbasoke ti ba awọn ọna ti o nilo iṣesi ẹwọn polymerase lati ṣe awari DNA ti parasite ti aisan iba, ṣugbọn wọn ko tii je lilo ni awọn agbegbe ti ibà ti wọpọ, nitori owongogo ati idiju wọn.<ref name="Nadjm 2012">{{cite journal|vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH|title=Malaria: an update for physicians|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_infectious-disease-clinics-of-north-america_2012-06_26_2/page/243|journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America|volume=26|issue=2|pages=243–259|date=June 2012|pmid=22632637|doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010}}</ref> Ewu aisan le dinku nipa didi ẹfọn lọwọ bibuje nipasẹ lilo awon àwọ̀n ẹ̀fọn ati awọn ogun apakokoro tabi pẹlu awọn igbese iṣakoso ẹfọn gẹgẹbi fifọn ogun ipakokoro ati fifa omi adagun kuro.<ref name="Cara20143" /> Orisirisi awọn oogun lo wa lati dena iba fun awọn aririn ajo ni awọn agbegbe ti aisan naa ti wọpọ.<ref name="WHO20143">{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|website=WHO|access-date=28 August 2014|date=March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903002027/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|archive-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> Lilo apapọ oogun sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine leekọọkan ni awọn onimọ fe ki a lo fun ọmọ ikoko ati fun aboyun ti oyun inu re ti le loṣu mẹta ni awọn agbegbe ti iba ti wọpọ.<ref name="WHO20143" /> Ni ọdun 2020, ajẹsara kan han lati din eewu iba ku ni iwọn 40% laarin awọn ọmọde ni Afirika.<ref name="WHO2020Fact">{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about Malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|website=www.who.int|access-date=6 May 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref name="WHO2016">{{cite journal|vauthors=|title=Malaria vaccine: WHO position paper-January 2016|journal=Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire|volume=91|issue=4|pages=33–51|date=January 2016|pmid=26829826|url=https://www.who.int/wer/2016/wer9104.pdf?ua=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423102942/http://www.who.int/wer/2016/wer9104.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> Iwadi iṣaaju nipa ajesara miiran safihan ikapa ajesara naa ni iwọn 77%.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Datoo MS, Natama MH, Somé A, Traoré O, Rouamba T, Bellamy D, Yameogo P, Valia D, Tegneri M, Ouedraogo F, Soma R, Sawadogo S, Sorgho F, Derra K, Rouamba E, Orindi B, Ramos Lopez F, Flaxman A, Cappuccini F, Kailath R, Elias S, Mukhopadhyay E, Noe A, Cairns M, Lawrie A, Roberts R, Valéa I, Sorgho H, Williams N, Glenn G, Fries L, Reimer J, Ewer KJ, Shaligram U, Hill AV, Tinto H|display-authors=6|title=Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial|journal=Lancet|volume=397|issue=10287|pages=1809–1818|date=May 2021|pmid=33964223|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00943-0|pmc=8121760|ssrn=3830681}}</ref> Awọn igbiyanju lati ṣe agbekalẹ awọn oogun ajesara to munadoko ti nlọ lọwọ.<ref name="WHO2016" /> Itọju ti o ni ibamu si iba jẹ apapọ awọn oogun ajẹsara ti o ni artemisinin.<ref name="Rawat-2021">{{cite journal|vauthors=Rawat A, Roy M, Jyoti A, Kaushik S, Verma K, Srivastava VK|title=Cysteine proteases: Battling pathogenic parasitic protozoans with omnipresent enzymes|journal=Microbiological Research|volume=249|pages=126784|date=August 2021|pmid=33989978|doi=10.1016/j.micres.2021.126784|s2cid=234597200|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="who2022" /><ref name="Cara20143" /><ref name="WHO20143" /> Oogun keji le jẹ boya mefloquine, lumefantrine, tabi sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.<ref name="WHO2010">{{cite book|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|date=2010|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=978-92-4-154792-5|page=ix|edition=2nd}}</ref> Quinine pẹlu doxycycline ṣee lo papọ ti artemisinin ko ba si.<ref name="WHO2010" /> Ni awọn agbegbe ti aisan na ti wọpọ, aridaju iba se pataki ṣaaju ki itọju to bẹrẹ nitori aisise oogun .<ref name="WHO20143" /> Aisise oogun laarin awọn parasite ti se okufa idagbasoke ọpọlọpọ awọn oogun ajẹsara; fun apẹẹrẹ, P. falciparum ti o soro fun chloroquine lati pa ti tàn kaakiri ọpọlọpọ awọn agbegbe ti ibà ti wọpọ, bẹẹ si ni idiwọ si oogun artemisinin ti di iṣoro ni awọn agbegbe kookan ni Guusu ila oorun Asia.<ref name="WHO20143" /> == Wo eléyí náà == • [[Akọ ibà|Ako ibà]] # {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{Reflist}} # "CareCentral Urgent Care 2020">{{cite web|title=When to seek treatment for a fever|website=CareCentral Urgent Care|date=2020-01-03|url=https://carecentralurgentcare.com/when-to-worry-about-fever-in-adults/|access-date=2022-02-18}} # # # Health direct 2021">{{cite web|title=Paracetamol|website=healthdirect|date=2021-07-18|url=https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/paracetamol|access-date=2022-02-18}} # {{cite web|title=Fever: Symptoms, Causes, Care & Treatment|website=Cleveland Clinic|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/10880-fever|access-date=2022-02-18}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn àmì àìlera]] 7sxo7teeb3z2e7tz012k77la70fwdfw Ìṣeọ̀rọ̀àwùjọ 0 34175 632033 630443 2026-08-19T15:59:25Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translate}} {{Sociology}} <font face="Tahoma"> '''Ìṣeọ̀rọ̀awùjọ''' ni àgbéwòkà onísáyẹ́nsì [[àwùjọ]].<ref>"Comte, Auguste, A Dictionary of Sociology (3rd Ed), John Scott & Gordon Marshall (eds), Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-860986-8, ISBN 978-0-19-860986-5</ref> Ó jẹ́ [[social science|sáyẹ́nsì àwùjọ]] (a term with which it is sometimes synonymous) tó únlo oríṣi ọ̀nà ìwádìí oníìrírí<ref name="Classical Statements8"/> and critical analysis<ref name="Classical Statements4"/> láti ṣàgbédìde àpapọ̀ ìmọ̀ nípa àgbéṣe àwùjọ ọmọnìyàn. Fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣeọ̀rọ̀àwùjọ èrò iṣẹ́ wọn ni láti ṣe ìwadìí tí yíò ṣe é múlò tààrà sí [[social policy|ètòìlú àwùjọ]] àti ìtọ́jú, nígbàtí àwọn míràn dá ṣẹ́ wọn lórí ìtúnṣe ìlóye aláròjinlẹ̀ àwọn àgbéṣe àwùjọ. Orí-ọ̀rọ̀ ṣegbàjá láti orí-pele [[microsociology|oníkékeré]] [[agency (sociology)|ìṣàgbéṣe]] ẹnìkọ̀kan àti ìbáṣepọ̀ dé orí-pele [[macrosociology|onígbàngbà]] àwọn sístẹ́mù àti [[social structure|ìpele àwùjọ]].<ref name="Giddens Intro"/> Ìṣeọ̀rọ̀àwùjọ ti úndálórí [[social stratification|ìtòlẹ́se àwùjọ]], [[social class|àtòsọ́tọ̀ àwùjọ]], [[àṣà]], [[social mobility|ìyípòpadà àwùjọ]], [[sociology of religion|ẹ̀sìn]], [[secularisation|ìsọditaráayé]], [[Sociology of law|òfin]], àti [[deviance (sociology)|ìyájú]]. Gbogbo àyíká àgbéṣe ọmọnìyàn jẹ́ nínípa lórí látọwọ́ ìṣepapọ̀ láàrin [[structure and agency|ìpele àwùjọ àti ìṣàgbéṣe ẹnìkọ̀kan]], Ìṣeọ̀rọ̀awùjọ ti fẹ̀ díẹ̀díẹ̀ dé orí-ọ̀rọ̀ bíi [[institutions|àdìmúlẹ̀]] [[sociology of health|ìlera]], [[medical sociology|oníwòsàn]], [[military sociology|ológun]] àti [[sociology of punishment|ìjẹníyà]] , [[sociology of the Internet|Internet]], bẹ́ẹ̀sìni iṣẹ́ àgbéṣe àwùjọ nínú ìdàgbàsókè [[sociology of scientific knowledge|ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]. Gbàjá àwọn ọ̀nà sáyẹ́nsì àwùjọ náà tún ti fẹ̀ si. [[Social research|Àwọn aṣèwadìí àwùjọ]] únlo oríṣi ọ̀nà [[qualitative research|ìdárasí]] àti [[quantitative research|ìpòsí]]. Àwọn [[linguistic turn|linguistic]] and [[cultural turn]]s of the mid-twentieth century led to increasingly [[verstehen|interpretative]], [[hermeneutic]], and [[philosophic]] approaches to the analysis of society. Conversely, recent decades have seen the rise of new [[analytical sociology|analytically]], [[Mathematical sociology|mathematically]] and [[computational sociology|computationally]] rigorous techniques, such as [[agent-based model]]ling and [[social network|social network analysis]].<ref name="From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling"/><ref name="Computational Social Science"/> Sociology should not be confused with various general [[social studies]] courses which bear little relation to sociological theory or social science research methodology. ==Ìtàn== {{Main|Ìtàn ìṣeọ̀rọ̀àwùjọ|Àtọ̀jọ àwọn aṣeọ̀rọ̀àwùjọ|Timeline of sociology}} ===Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀=== [[File:Ibn_Khaldoun-Kassus.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Ibn Khaldun]] (1332-1406)]] Sociological reasoning predates the foundation of the discipline. Social analysis has origins in the common stock of [[Western culture|Western knowledge]] and [[philosophy]], and has been carried out from at least as early as the time of [[Plato]]. The origin of the [[Statistical survey|survey]], i.e., the collection of information from a sample of individuals, can be traced back at least early as the [[Domesday Book]] in 1086,<ref>A. H. Halsey(2004),''A history of sociology in Britain: science, literature, and society'',p.34</ref><ref>Geoffrey Duncan Mitchell(1970),''A new dictionary of sociology'',p.201</ref> while ancient philosophers such as [[Confucius]] wrote on the importance of social roles. There is evidence of early sociology in medieval Islam. Some consider [[Ibn Khaldun]], a 14th century [[Arab]] [[Islamic]] scholar from North Africa, to have been the first sociologist; his ''[[Muqaddimah]]'' was perhaps the first work to advance social-scientific reasoning on [[social cohesion]] and [[social conflict]]. <ref name="Akhtar"/> <ref name="Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists"/> <ref name="Enan"/> <ref name="The Autonomous, the Universal and the Future of Sociology"/> <ref name="Gates"/> <ref name="Mowlana"/> The word ''[[wiktionary:sociology|sociology]]'' (or ''"sociologie"'') is derived from both Latin and Greek origins. The [[Latin]] word: ''[[wiktionary:socius|socius]]'', "companion"; ''-ology'', "the study of", and in [[Greek language|Greek]] [[wiktionary:λόγος|λόγος]], ''lógos'', "word", "knowledge". It was first coined in 1780 by the French essayist [[Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès]] (1748–1836) in an unpublished [[manuscript]].<ref>''Des Manuscrits de Sieyès. 1773–1799'', Volumes I and II, published by Christine Fauré, Jacques Guilhaumou, Jacques Vallier et Françoise Weil, Paris, Champion, 1999 and 2007. See also Christine Fauré and Jacques Guilhaumou, ''Sieyès et le non-dit de la sociologie: du mot à la chose'', in ''Revue d'histoire des sciences humaines'', Numéro 15, novembre 2006: Naissances de la science sociale. See also the article [[:fr:sociologie|'sociologie']] in the French-language Wikipedia.</ref> Sociology was later defined independently by the French [[philosopher of science]], [[Auguste Comte]] (1798–1857), in 1838.<ref>''A Dictionary of Sociology'', Article: Comte, Auguste</ref> Comte used this term to describe a new way of looking at society.<ref>Macionis, Gerber, John, Linda (2010). Sociology 7th Canadian Ed. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Canada Inc.. pp. 10.</ref> Comte had earlier used the term "social physics", but that had subsequently been appropriated by others, most notably the Belgian statistician [[Adolphe Quetelet]]. Comte endeavored to unify history, psychology and economics through the scientific understanding of the social realm. Writing shortly after the malaise of the [[French Revolution]], he proposed that social ills could be remedied through sociological [[positivism]], an epistemological approach outlined in ''[[The Course in Positive Philosophy]]'' [1830–1842] and ''[[A General View of Positivism]]'' (1848). Comte believed a [[Law of three stages|positivist stage]] would mark the final era, after conjectural [[theological]] and [[metaphysics|metaphysical]] phases, in the progression of human understanding.<ref name="comte"/> In observing the circular dependence of theory and observation in science, and having classified the sciences, Comte may be regarded as the first [[philosopher of science]] in the modern sense of the term.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/comte/ |title=Stanford Encyclopaedia: Auguste Comte |publisher=Plato.Stanford.edu |date= |accessdate=2011-11-04}}</ref> [[File:Auguste Comte.jpg|thumb|right|[[Auguste Comte]] (1798-1857)]] {{Quotation|Comte gave a powerful impetus to the development of sociology, an impetus which bore fruit in the later decades of the nineteenth century. To say this is certainly not to claim that French sociologists such as [[Durkheim]] were devoted disciples of the high priest of positivism. But by insisting on the irreducibility of each of his basic sciences to the particular science of sciences which it presupposed in the hierarchy and by emphasizing the nature of sociology as the scientific study of social phenomena Comte put sociology on the map. To be sure, [its] beginnings can be traced back well beyond [[Montesquieu]], for example, and to [[Condorcet]], not to speak of [[Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon|Saint-Simon]], Comte's immediate predecessor. But Comte's clear recognition of sociology as a particular science, with a character of its own, justified Durkheim in regarding him as the father or founder of this science, in spite of the fact that Durkheim did not accept the idea of the three states and criticized Comte's approach to sociology.|[[Frederick Copleston]] ''A History of Philosophy: IX Modern Philosophy'' 1974|<ref>Copleson, Frederick S.J. [1974] ''A History of Philosophy: IX Modern Philosophy'' (1994). Image Books, New York. pp118</ref>}} [[File:Karl Marx.jpg|thumb|150px|left|[[Karl Marx]] (1818-1883)]] Both [[Auguste Comte]] and [[Karl Marx]] set out to develop scientifically justified systems in the wake of European [[industrialization]] and [[secularization]], informed by various key movements in the [[philosophy of history|philosophies of history]] [[philosophy of science|and science]]. Marx rejected Comtean positivism but in attempting to develop a ''science of society'' nevertheless came to be recognized as a founder of sociology as the word gained wider meaning. For [[Isaiah Berlin]], Marx may be regarded as the "true father" of modern sociology, "in so far as anyone can claim the title."<ref>Berlin, Isaiah. 1967. ''Karl Marx: His Life and Environment''. Time Inc Book Division, New York. pp130</ref> {{Quotation|To have given clear and unified answers in familiar empirical terms to those theoretical questions which most occupied men's minds at the time, and to have deduced from them clear practical directives without creating obviously artificial links between the two, was the principle achievement of Marx's theory. The sociological treatment of historical and moral problems, which Comte and after him, [[Herbert Spencer|Spencer]] and [[Hippolyte Taine|Taine]], had discussed and mapped, became a precise and concrete study only when the attack of militant Marxism made its conclusions a burning issue, and so made the search for evidence more zealous and the attention to method more intense.|[[Isaiah Berlin]] ''Karl Marx: His Life and Environment'' 1937|<ref>Berlin, Isaiah. [1937] ''Karl Marx: His Life and Environment''. 3rd edition (1967). Time Inc Book Division, New York. pp13-14</ref>}} [[File:Herbert Spencer.jpg|upright|thumb|150px|[[Herbert Spencer]] (1820-1903)]] [[Herbert Spencer]] (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was one of the most popular and influential 19th century sociologists. It is estimated that he sold one million books in his lifetime, far more than any other sociologist at the time. So strong was his influence that many other 19th century thinkers, including [[Émile Durkheim]], defined their ideas in relation to his. Durkheim’s ''[[Division of Labour in Society]]'' is to a large extent an extended debate with Spencer from whose sociology, many commentators now agree, Durkheim borrowed extensively.<ref name="Émile Durkheim's Division of Labor and the Shadow of Herbert Spencer"/> Also a notable [[biologist]], Spencer coined the term "[[survival of the fittest]]". Whilst Marxian ideas defined one strand of sociology, Spencer was a critic of socialism as well as strong advocate for a [[laissez-faire]] style of government. His ideas were highly observed by conservative political circles, especially in the United States and England.<ref name="books.google.com"/> ===Foundations of the academic discipline=== {{Main|Emile Durkheim|Social facts}} [[File:Emile Durkheim.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Émile Durkheim]]]] Formal academic sociology was established by Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), who developed positivism as a foundation to practical [[social research]]. While Durkheim rejected much of the detail of Comte's philosophy, he retained and refined its method, maintaining that the social sciences are a logical continuation of the natural ones into the realm of human activity, and insisting that they may retain the same objectivity, rationalism, and approach to causality.<ref name="Wacquant"/> Durkheim set up the first European department of sociology at the [[University of Bordeaux]] in 1895, publishing his ''[[Rules of the Sociological Method]]'' (1895).<ref name="autogenerated2000">Gianfranco Poggi (2000). ''Durkheim.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> For Durkheim, sociology could be described as the "science of [[institution]]s, their genesis and their functioning".<ref>Durkheim, Émile [1895] "The Rules of Sociological Method" 8th edition, trans. Sarah A. Solovay and John M. Mueller, ed. George E. G. Catlin (1938, 1964 edition), pp. 45</ref> Durkheim's seminal monograph, ''[[Suicide (book)|Suicide]]'' (1897), a case study of suicide rates amongst [[Catholic]] and [[Protestant]] populations, distinguished sociological analysis from [[psychology]] or philosophy. It also marked a major contribution to the theoretical concept of [[structural functionalism]]. By carefully examining suicide statistics in different police districts, he attempted to demonstrate that Catholic communities have a lower suicide rate than that of Protestants, something he attributed to social (as opposed to individual or [[psychological]]) causes. He developed the notion of objective ''suis generis'' "social facts" to delineate a unique empirical object for the science of sociology to study.<ref name="Wacquant"/> Through such studies he posited that sociology would be able to determine whether any given society is 'healthy' or 'pathological', and seek social reform to negate organic breakdown or "social [[anomie]]". Sociology quickly evolved as an academic response to the perceived challenges of [[modernity]], such as [[industrialization]], [[urbanization]], [[secularization]], and the process of "[[rationalization (sociology)|rationalization]]".<ref>Habermas, Jürgen, ''The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Modernity's Consciousness of Time'', Polity Press (1985), paperback, ISBN 0-7456-0830-2, p2</ref> The field predominated in [[continental Europe]], with British [[anthropology]] and [[statistics]] generally following on a separate trajectory. By the turn of the 20th century, however, many theorists were active in the [[Anglo-Saxon world]]. Few early sociologists were confined strictly to the subject, interacting also with [[economics]], [[jurisprudence]], psychology and [[philosophy]], with theories being appropriated in a variety of different fields. Since its inception, sociological epistemologies, methods, and frames of inquiry, have significantly expanded and diverged.<ref name="Giddens Intro"/> Durkheim, Marx, and the German theorist [[Max Weber]] are typically cited as the three principal architects of social science.<ref name="Max Weber – Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy"/> [[Herbert Spencer]], [[William Graham Sumner]], [[Lester F. Ward]], [[Vilfredo Pareto]], [[Alexis de Tocqueville]], [[Werner Sombart]], [[Thorstein Veblen]], [[Ferdinand Tönnies]], [[Georg Simmel]] and [[Karl Mannheim]] are occasionally included on academic curricula as founding theorists. Each key figure is associated with a particular theoretical perspective and orientation.<ref name="transformation325"/> {{Quotation|Marx and Engels associated the emergence of modern society above all with the development of capitalism; for Durkheim it was connected in particular with industrialization and the new social division of labor which this brought about; for Weber it had to do with the emergence of a distinctive way of thinking, the rational calculation which he associated with the Protestant Ethic (more or less what Marx and Engels speak of in terms of those 'icy waves of egotistical calculation'). Together the works of these great classical sociologists suggest what Giddens has recently described as 'a multidimensional view of institutions of modernity' and which emphasizes not only capitalism and industrialism as key institutions of modernity, but also 'surveillance' (meaning 'control of information and social supervision') and 'military power' (control of the means of violence in the context of the industrialization of war).|John Harriss ''The Second Great Transformation? Capitalism at the End of the Twentieth Century'' 1992|<ref name="transformation325"/>}} ===Other developments=== [[File:Ferdinand Toennies Bueste Husum-Ausschnitt.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Ferdinand Tönnies]]' [[bust (sculpture)|bust]] in [[Husum]], Germany]] The first college course entitled "Sociology" was taught in the United States at [[Yale]] in 1875 by [[William Graham Sumner]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-Sociology.html |title=Sociology – History of Sociology &#124; Encyclopedia.com: Oxford Companion to United States History |publisher=Encyclopedia.com |date= |accessdate=2010-01-05}}</ref> In 1883 [[Lester F. Ward]], the first president of the American Sociological Association, published ''Dynamic Sociology—Or Applied social science as based upon statical sociology and the less complex sciences'' and attacked the laissez-faire sociology of [[Herbert Spencer]] and Sumner.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Ward's 1200 page book was used as core material in many early American sociology courses. In 1890, the oldest continuing American course in the modern tradition began at the [[University of Kansas]], lectured by [[Frank W. Blackmar]].<ref name="University of Kansas Sociology Department Webpage"/> The Department of Sociology at the [[University of Chicago]] was established in 1892 by [[Albion Woodbury Small|Albion Small]], who also published the first sociology textbook: An introduction to the study of society 1894.<ref name="uchicago1970"/> [[George Herbert Mead]] and [[Charles Cooley]], who had met at the [[University of Michigan]] in 1891 (along with [[John Dewey]]), would move to Chicago in 1894.<ref>Miller, David (2009). George Herbert Mead: Self, Language, and the World. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-72700-3.</ref> Their influence gave rise to [[social psychology]] and the [[symbolic interactionism]] of the modern [[Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago School]].<ref>1930: The Development of Sociology at Michigan. pp.3–14 in Sociological Theory and Research, being Selected papers of Charles Horton Cooley, edited by Robert Cooley Angell, New York: Henry Holt</ref> The ''[[American Journal of Sociology]]'' was founded in 1895, followed by the ''[[American Sociological Association]]'' (ASA) in 1905.<ref name="uchicago1970"/> The sociological "canon of classics" with Durkheim and [[Max Weber]] at the top owes in part to [[Talcott Parsons]], who is largely credited with introducing both to American audiences.<ref name="camic"/> Parsons consolidated the sociological tradition and set the agenda for American sociology at the point of its fastest disciplinary growth. Sociology in the United States was less historically influenced by [[Marxism]] than its European counterpart, and to this day broadly remains more statistical in its approach.<ref>Morrison, Ken. 2006 (2nd ed.) "Marx, Durkheim, Weber", Sage, pp. 1–7</ref> The first sociology department to be established in the United Kingdom was at the [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]] (home of the ''[[British Journal of Sociology]]'') in 1904.<ref name="British Journal of Sociology Website"/> [[Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse]] became a lecturer in the discipline at the [[University of London]] in 1907.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/leonard-trelawny-hobhouse/ |title=Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse |publisher=Bookrags |date= |accessdate=2011-11-04}}</ref> [[Harriet Martineau]], an English translator of Comte, has been cited as the first female sociologist.<ref>Hill, Michael R. (2002) "Harriet Martineau: theoretical and methodological perspectives" Routledge. ISBN 0-415-94528-3</ref> In 1909 the ''Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie'' ([[German Sociological Association]]) was founded by [[Ferdinand Tönnies]] and Max Weber, among others. Weber established the first department in Germany at the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]] in 1919, having presented an influential new [[antipositivist]] sociology.<ref name="Bendix1"/> In 1920, [[Florian Znaniecki]] set up the first department [[Sociology in Poland|in Poland]]. The ''[[Institute for Social Research]]'' at the [[Goethe University Frankfurt|University of Frankfurt]] (later to become the [[Frankfurt School]] of [[critical theory]]) was founded in 1923.<ref name="britannica"/> International co-operation in sociology began in 1893, when [[René Worms]] founded the ''[[:fr:René Worms|Institut International de Sociologie]]'', an institution later eclipsed by the much larger [[International Sociological Association]] (ISA), founded in 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isa-sociology.org/ |title=International Sociological Association Website |publisher=Isa-sociology.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-04}}</ref> ==Positivism and Anti-positivism== ===Positivism=== {{Main|Positivism}} The overarching [[methodology|methodological]] principle of [[positivism]] is to conduct sociology in broadly the same manner as [[natural science]]. An emphasis on [[empiricism]] and the [[scientific method]] is sought to provide a tested foundation for sociological research based on the assumption that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only arrive by positive affirmation through scientific methodology. {{quotation|"Our main goal is to extend scientific rationalism to human conduct... What has been called our positivism is but a consequence of this rationalism."|[[Émile Durkheim]], ''The Rules of Sociological Method'' (1895)|<ref name="DinW"/>}} The term has long since ceased to carry this meaning; there are no fewer than twelve distinct epistemologies that are referred to as positivism.<ref name="Wacquant"/><ref name="Halfpenny"/> Many of these approaches do not self-identify as "positivist", some because they themselves arose in opposition to older forms of positivism, and some because the label has over time become a term of abuse<ref name="Wacquant"/> by being mistakenly linked with a theoretical [[empiricism]]. The extent of antipositivist criticism has also diverged, with many rejecting the scientific method and others only seeking to amend it to reflect 20th century developments in the philosophy of science. However, positivism (broadly understood as a scientific approach to the study of society) remains dominant in contemporary sociology, especially in the United States.<ref name="Wacquant"/> [[Loic Wacquant]] distinguishes three major strains of positivism: [[Durkheimian]], Logical and Instrumental.<ref name="Wacquant"/> None of these are the same as that set forth by Comte, who was unique in advocating such a rigid (and perhaps optimistic) version.<ref name="Classical Statements11"/><ref name="autogenerated2005"/> While Émile Durkheim rejected much of the detail of Comte's philosophy, he retained and refined its method. Durkheim maintained that the social sciences are a logical continuation of the natural ones into the realm of human activity, and insisted that they should retain the same objectivity, rationalism, and approach to causality.<ref name="Wacquant"/> He developed the notion of objective ''sui generis'' "social facts" to delineate a unique empirical object for the science of sociology to study.<ref name="Wacquant"/> The variety of positivism that remains dominant today is termed ''instrumental positivism''. This approach eschews epistemological and metaphysical concerns (such as the nature of social facts) in favor of methodological clarity, [[replicability]], [[reliabilism|reliability]] and [[validity]].<ref name="Gartell"/> This positivism is more or less synonymous with [[quantitative research]], and so only resembles older positivism in practice. Since it carries no explicit philosophical commitment, its practitioners may not belong to any particular school of thought. Modern sociology of this type is often credited to [[Paul Lazarsfeld]],<ref name="Wacquant"/> who pioneered large-scale survey studies and developed statistical techniques for analyzing them. This approach lends itself to what [[Robert K. Merton]] called [[Middle range theory (sociology)|middle-range theory]]: abstract statements that generalize from segregated hypotheses and empirical regularities rather than starting with an abstract idea of a social whole.<ref name="Boudon"/> ===Anti-positivism=== {{Main|Anti-positivism}} Reactions against social empiricism began when German philosopher [[Hegel]] voiced opposition to both empiricism, which he rejected as uncritical, and determinism, which he viewed as overly mechanistic.<ref name="Classical Statements"/> [[Karl Marx]]'s methodology borrowed from [[Hegelian dialectic]]ism but also a rejection of positivism in favour of critical analysis, seeking to supplement the empirical acquisition of "facts" with the elimination of illusions.<ref name="Classical Statements2"/> He maintained that appearances need to be critiqued rather than simply documented. Early hermeneuticians such as [[Wilhelm Dilthey]] pioneered the distinction between natural and social science ('[[Geisteswissenschaft]]'). Various [[neo-Kantian]] philosophers, [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenologist]]s and [[Human science|human scientists]] further theorized how the analysis of the [[social reality|social world]] differs to that of the [[natural world]] due to the irreducibly complex aspects of human society, [[culture]], and [[being]].<ref>Rickman, H. P. (1960) ''The Reaction against Positivism and Dilthey's Concept of Understanding'', The London School of Economics and Political Science. p307</ref> At the turn of the 20th century the first generation of German sociologists formally introduced methodological [[anti-positivism]], proposing that research should concentrate on human cultural [[norm (sociology)|norm]]s, [[value (personal and cultural)|values]], [[symbol]]s, and social processes viewed from a resolutely [[subject (philosophy)|subjective]] perspective. [[Max Weber]] argued that sociology may be loosely described as a science as it is able to identify [[causality|causal relationships]] of human "[[social action]]"—especially among "[[ideal type]]s", or hypothetical simplifications of complex social phenomena.<ref name="Classical Statements5"/> As a non-positivist, however, Weber sought relationships that are not as "historical, invariant, or generalizable"<ref name="Classical Statements6"/> as those pursued by natural scientists. Fellow German sociologist, [[Ferdinand Tönnies]], theorized on two crucial abstract concepts with his work on "[[Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft]]" (lit. ''community'' and ''society''). Tönnies marked a sharp line between the realm of concepts and the reality of social action: the first must be treated axiomatically and in a deductive way ("pure sociology"), whereas the second empirically and inductively ("applied sociology").<ref>*Ferdinand Tönnies (ed. Jose Harris), ''Community and Civil Society'', Cambridge University Press (2001), hardcover, 266 pages, ISBN 0-521-56119-1; trade paperback, Cambridge University Press (2001), 266 pages, ISBN 0-521-56782-3</ref> [[File:Max Weber 1894.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Max Weber]] {{Quotation|''[Sociology is ]'' ... the science whose object is to interpret ''the meaning of social action'' and thereby give a ''causal explanation'' of the way in which the ''action proceeds'' and the ''effects which it produces''. By 'action' in this definition is meant the human behavior when and to the extent that the agent or agents see it as ''subjectively meaningful'' ... the meaning to which we refer may be either (a) the meaning actually intended either by an individual agent on a particular historical occasion or by a number of agents on an approximate average in a given set of cases, or (b) the meaning attributed to the agent or agents, as types, in a pure type constructed in the abstract. In neither case is the 'meaning' to be thought of as somehow objectively 'correct' or 'true' by some metaphysical criterion. This is the difference between the empirical sciences of action, such as sociology and history, and any kind of ''prior'' discipline, such as jurisprudence, logic, ethics, or aesthetics whose aim is to extract from their subject-matter 'correct' or 'valid' meaning.|[[Max Weber]] ''The Nature of Social Action'' 1922|<ref>Weber, Max ''The Nature of Social Action'' in Runciman, W.G. 'Weber: Selections in Translation' Cambridge University Press, 1991. p7.</ref>}} Both Weber and [[Georg Simmel]] pioneered the "''[[Verstehen]]''" (or 'interpretative') method in social science; a systematic process by which an outside observer attempts to relate to a particular cultural group, or indigenous people, on their own terms and from their own point-of-view.<ref>Kaern, Phillips & Cohen. (1990) ''Georg Simmel and Contemporary Sociology''. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7923-0407-4. p15.</ref> Through the work of Simmel, in particular, sociology acquired a possible character beyond positivist data-collection or grand, deterministic systems of structural law. Relatively isolated from the sociological academy throughout his lifetime, Simmel presented idiosyncratic analyses of modernity more reminiscent of the [[phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] and [[existentialism|existential]] writers than of Comte or Durkheim, paying particular concern to the forms of, and possibilities for, social individuality.<ref name="autogenerated1971"/> His sociology engaged in a neo-Kantian inquiry into the limits of perception, asking 'What is society?' in a direct allusion to Kant's question 'What is nature?'<ref>Levine, Donald (ed) 'Simmel: On individuality and social forms' Chicago University Press, 1971. p6.</ref> [[File:Simmel 01.JPG|upright|thumb|Georg Simmel]] {{Quotation|The deepest problems of modern life flow from the attempt of the individual to maintain the independence and individuality of his existence against the sovereign powers of society, against the weight of the historical heritage and the external culture and technique of life. The antagonism represents the most modern form of the conflict which primitive man must carry on with nature for his own bodily existence. The eighteenth century may have called for liberation from all the ties which grew up historically in politics, in religion, in morality and in economics in order to permit the original natural virtue of man, which is equal in everyone, to develop without inhibition; the nineteenth century may have sought to promote, in addition to man's freedom, his individuality (which is connected with the division of labor) and his achievements which make him unique and indispensable but which at the same time make him so much the more dependent on the complementary activity of others; Nietzsche may have seen the relentless struggle of the individual as the prerequisite for his full development, while socialism found the same thing in the suppression of all competition – but in each of these the same fundamental motive was at work, namely the resistance of the individual to being leveled, swallowed up in the social-technological mechanism.|[[Georg Simmel]] ''[[The Metropolis and Mental Life]]'' 1903|<ref>Simmel, Georg ''The Metropolis and Mental Life'' in Levine, Donald (ed) 'Simmel: On individuality and social forms' Chicago University Press, 1971. p324.</ref>}} ==Theoretical frameworks== {{Main|Sociological theory}} The contemporary discipline of sociology is theoretically multi-paradigmatic.<ref name="Abend">Abend, Gabriel. 2008. "The meaning of 'Theory'." Sociological Theory, 26:2</ref> Modern sociological theory descends from the historical foundations of functionalist (Durkheim) and conflict-centered (Marx) accounts of social structure, as well as the micro-scale structural ([[Georg Simmel|Simmel]]) and [[pragmatism|pragmatist]] ([[George Herbert Mead|Mead]]) theories of social interaction. Contemporary sociological theory retains traces of these approaches. Presently, sociological theories lack a single overarching foundation, and there is little consensus about what such a framework should consist of.<ref name="Abend"/> However, a number of broad paradigms cover much present sociological theorizing. In the humanistic parts of the discipline, these paradigms are referred to as ''social'' theory, and are often shared with the humanities. The discipline's dominant scientifically-oriented areas generally focus on a different set of theoretical perspectives, which by contrast are generally referred to as ''sociological'' theory. These include [[new institutionalism]], [[social network]]s, [[social identity]], [[social capital|social]] and [[cultural capital]], toolkit and [[cognitive science|cognitive]] theories of [[culture]], and [[resource mobilization]]. [[Analytical sociology]] is an ongoing effort to systematize many of these [[middle range theory (sociology)|middle-range theories]]. ===Functionalism=== {{Main|Structural functionalism}} A broad historical paradigm in both sociology and [[anthropology]], functionalism addresses the [[social structure]] as a whole and in terms of the necessary function of its constituent elements. A common analogy (popularized by [[Herbert Spencer]]) is to regard [[norm (sociology)|norm]]s and [[institution]]s as 'organs' that work toward the proper-functioning of the entire 'body' of society.<ref name="Sociology beyond societies: mobilities for the twenty-first century"/> The perspective was implicit in the original sociological positivism of Comte, but was theorized in full by Durkheim, again with respect to observable, structural laws. Functionalism also has an anthropological basis in the work of theorists such as [[Marcel Mauss]], [[Bronisław Malinowski]] and [[Radcliffe-Brown]]. It is in Radcliffe-Brown's specific usage that the prefix 'structural' emerged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.as.ua.edu/ant/Faculty/murphy/function.htm |title=Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences The University of Alabama: Anthropological theories |publisher=As.ua.edu |date= |accessdate=2011-11-04}}</ref> Classical functionalist theory is generally united by its tendency towards biological analogy and notions of [[social evolutionism]]. As [[Anthony Giddens|Giddens]] states: "Functionalist thought, from Comte onwards, has looked particularly towards biology as the science providing the closest and most compatible model for social science. Biology has been taken to provide a guide to conceptualizing the structure and the function of social systems and to analyzing processes of evolution via mechanisms of adaptation ... functionalism strongly emphasizes the pre-eminence of the social world over its individual parts (i.e. its constituent actors, human subjects)."<ref>Giddens, Anthony "The Constitution of Society" in '''The Giddens Reader''' Philip Cassell (eds.) MacMillan Press pp.88</ref> ===Conflict theory=== {{Main|Conflict theory}} Functionalism aims only toward a general perspective from which to conduct social science. Methodologically, its principles generally contrast those approaches that emphasize the [[microsociology|"micro"]], such as [[verstehen|interpretivism]] or [[symbolic interactionism]]. Its emphasis on "cohesive systems", however, also holds political ramifications. Functionalist theories are often therefore contrasted with "conflict theories" which critique the overarching socio-political system or emphasize the inequality of particular groups. The works of Durkheim and Marx epitomize the political, as well as theoretical, disparities, between functionalist and conflict thought respectively: {{Quotation|To aim for a civilization beyond that made possible by the nexus of the surrounding environment will result in unloosing sickness into the very society we live in. Collective activity cannot be encouraged beyond the point set by the condition of the social organism without undermining health.|Émile Durkheim ''[[The Division of Labor in Society]]'' 1893|<ref>Durkheim, Émile ''The Division of Labor in Society'' [1893] LA Coser: New York: The Free Press, 1984</ref>}} {{Quotation|The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.|[[Karl Marx]] & [[Friedrich Engels]] ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]'' 1848|<ref>Marx and Engels, ''The Communist Manifesto'', introduction by Martin Malia (New York: Penguin group, 1998), pg. 35 ISBN 0-451-52710-0</ref> }} ===20th century social theory=== [[File:Anthony Giddens at the Progressive Governance Converence, Budapest, Hungary, 2004 October.jpg|thumb|upright|150px|left|[[Anthony Giddens]]]] The functionalist movement reached its crescendo in the 1940s and 1950s, and by the 1960s was in rapid decline.<ref name="Coakley"/> By the 1980s, functionalism in Europe had broadly been replaced by [[conflict theory|conflict]]-oriented approaches.<ref name="Slattery"/> While some of the critical approaches also gained popularity in the United States, the mainstream of the discipline instead shifted to a variety of empirically-oriented [[Middle range theory (sociology)|middle-range theories]] with no single overarching theoretical orientation. To many in the discipline, functionalism is now considered "as dead as a dodo."<ref name="Barnes"/> As the influence of both functionalism and Marxism in the 1960s began to wane, the [[linguistic turn|linguistic]] and [[cultural turn]]s led to myriad new movements in the social sciences: "According to Giddens, the orthodox consensus terminated in the late 1960s and 1970s as the middle ground shared by otherwise competing perspectives gave way and was replaced by a baffling variety of competing perspectives. This third 'generation' of social theory includes phenomenologically inspired approaches, critical theory, ethnomethodology, symbolic interactionism, structuralism, post-structuralism, and theories written in the tradition of hermeneutics and ordinary language philosophy."<ref>Cassell, Philip ''The Giddens Reader'' (1993) The Macmillan Press Ltd, pp. 6</ref> The [[structural linguistics|structuralist]] movement originated from the [[linguistics|linguistic]] theory of [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] and was later expanded to the social sciences by theorists such as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]]. In this context, 'structure' refers not to 'social structure' but to the [[semiotic]] understanding of human culture as a [[sign (semiotics)|system of signs]]. One may delineate four central tenets of structuralism: First, structure is what determines the structure of a whole. Second, structuralists believe that every system has a structure. Third, structuralists are interested in 'structural' laws that deal with coexistence rather than changes. Finally, structures are the 'real things' beneath the surface or the appearance of meaning.<ref>Assiter, A 1984, 'Althusser and structuralism', The British journal of sociology, vol. 35, no. 2, Blackwell Publishing, pp.272–296.</ref> [[Post-structuralist]] thought has tended to [[antihumanism|reject 'humanist' assumptions]] in the conduct of [[social]] [[theory]].<ref>Giddens, Anthony "The Constitution of Society" in '''The Giddens Reader''' Philip Cassell (eds.) MacMillan Press pp.89</ref> [[Michel Foucault]] provides a potent critique in his ''[[the Order of Things|archaeology of the human sciences]]'', though [[Habermas]] and [[Richard Rorty|Rorty]] have both argued that Foucault merely replaces one such system of thought with another.<ref>Jürgen Habermas. ''Taking Aim at the Heart of the Present'' in Hoy, D (eds) 'Foucault: A critical reader' Basil Blackwell. Oxford, 1986.</ref><ref>Richard Rorty. ''Foucault and Epistemology'' in Hoy, D (eds) 'Foucault: A critical reader' Basil Blackwell. Oxford, 1986.</ref> The dialogue between these intellectuals highlights a trend in recent years for certain schools of sociology and philosophy to intersect. The anti-humanist position has been associated with "[[postmodernism]]," a term used in specific contexts to describe an ''era'' or ''phenomena'', but occasionally construed as a ''method''. ==Structure and agency== {{Main|Structure and agency}} Structure and agency, form an enduring ontological debate in social theory: "Do social structures determine an individual's behaviour or does human agency?" In this context '[[agency (sociology)|agency]]' refers to the capacity of individuals to act independently and make free choices, whereas '[[social structure|structure]]' relates to factors which limit or affect the choices and actions of individuals (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, and so on). Discussions over the primacy of either structure and agency relate to the core of sociological epistemology ("What is the social world made of?", "What is a cause in the social world, and what is an effect?").<ref name="The Constitution of Society"/> A general outcome of incredulity toward structural or agential thought has been the development of multidimensional theories, most notably the [[action theory (sociology)|action theory]] of [[Talcott Parsons]] and [[Anthony Giddens]]'s [[theory of structuration]]. ==Research methodology== {{Main|Social research}} Sociological research methods may be divided into two broad categories: * [[Quantitative method|Quantitative designs]] approach social phenomena through quantifiable evidence, and often rely on statistical analysis of many cases (or across intentionally designed treatments in an experiment) to create valid and reliable general claims * [[Qualitative research|Qualitative designs]] emphasize understanding of social phenomena through direct observation, communication with participants, or analysis of texts, and may stress contextual and subjective accuracy over generality Sociologists are divided into camps of support for particular research techniques. These disputes relate to the epistemological debates at the historical core of social theory. While very different in many aspects, both qualitative and quantitative approaches involve a systematic interaction between [[social theory|theory]] and data.<ref name="Methods"/> Quantitative methodologies hold the dominant position in sociology, especially in the United States.<ref name="Wacquant"/> In the discipline's two most cited journals, quantitative articles have historically outnumbered qualitative ones by a factor of two.<ref name="Hunter"/> (Most articles published in the largest British journal, on the other hand, are [[Qualitative research|qualitative]].) Most textbooks on the methodology of social research are written from the quantitative perspective,<ref name="Hanson"/> and the very term "methodology" is often used synonymously with "[[statistics]]." Practically all sociology PhD program in the United States require training in statistical methods. The work produced by quantitative researchers is also deemed more 'trustworthy' and 'unbiased' by the greater public,<ref name="gm"/> though this judgment continues to be challenged by antipositivists.<ref name="gm"/> The choice of method often depends largely on what the researcher intends to investigate. For example, a researcher concerned with drawing a statistical generalization across an entire population may administer a [[Survey research|survey questionnaire]] to a representative sample population. By contrast, a researcher who seeks full contextual understanding of an individual's [[social actions]] may choose ethnographic [[participant observation]] or open-ended interviews. Studies will commonly combine, or [[triangulation (social science)|'triangulate']], quantitative ''and'' qualitative methods as part of a 'multi-strategy' design. For instance, a quantitative study may be performed to gain statistical patterns or a target sample, and then combined with a qualitative interview to determine the play of [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].<ref name="Methods"/> ===Sampling=== [[File:Planche de Galton.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The [[bean machine]], designed by early social research methodologist Sir [[Francis Galton]] to demonstrate the [[normal distribution]], which is important to much quantitative [[hypothesis testing]].]] Quantitative methods are often used to ask questions about a population that is very large, making a [[census]] or a complete [[enumeration]] of all the members in that population infeasible. A 'sample' then forms a manageable [[subset]] of a [[Statistical population|population]]. In quantitative research, statistics are used to draw [[inference]]s from this sample regarding the population as a whole. The process of selecting a sample is referred to as [[sampling (statistics)|'sampling']]. While it is usually best to [[random sampling|sample randomly]], concern with differences between specific subpopulations sometimes calls for [[stratified sampling]]. Conversely, the impossibility of random sampling sometimes necessitates [[nonprobability sampling]], such as [[convenience sampling]] or [[snowball sampling]].<ref name="Methods"/> ===Methods=== ''The following list of research methods is neither exclusive nor exhaustive:'' * [[Archival research]] or the [[Historical method]]: draws upon the [[secondary data]] located in historical archives and records, such as biographies, memoirs, journals, and so on. * [[Content analysis]]: The content of interviews and other texts is systematically analyzed. Often data is 'coded' as a part of the '[[grounded theory]]' approach using qualitative data analysis (QDA) software, such as [[NVivo]].<ref>Martin, Patricia Yancey, Turner, Barry A.. (1986). "Grounded Theory and Organizational Research". ''The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science'', 22(2), 141. Retrieved June 21, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 1155984).</ref> * [[Experimental research]]: The researcher isolates a single social process and reproduces it in a laboratory (for example, by creating a situation where unconscious sexist judgments are possible), seeking to determine whether or not certain social [[Dependent and independent variables|variables]] can cause, or depend upon, other variables (for instance, seeing if people's feelings about traditional gender roles can be manipulated by the activation of contrasting gender [[stereotype]]s).<ref name="Jost"/> Participants are [[Random assignment|randomly assigned]] to different groups which either serve as [[Scientific control|controls]]—acting as reference points because they are tested with regard to the dependent variable, albeit without having been exposed to any independent variables of interest—or receive one or more treatments. Randomization allows the researcher to be sure that any resulting differences between groups are the result of the treatment. * [[Longitudinal study]]: An extensive examination of a specific person or group over a long period of time. * [[Observation]]: Using data from the senses, the researcher records information about social phenomenon or behavior. Observation techniques may or may not feature participation. In [[participant observation]], the researcher goes into the field (such as a community or a place of work), and participates in the activities of the field for a prolonged period of time in order to acquire a deep understanding of it.<ref>Macionis, J., and Gerber, L. (2010). Sociology, 7th edition. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Canada Inc.. pp. 42</ref> Data acquired through these techniques may be analyzed either quantitatively or qualitatively. * [[Survey research]]: The researcher gathers data using interviews, questionnaires, or similar feedback from a set of people sampled from a particular population of interest. Survey items from an interview or questionnaire may be open-ended or closed-ended.<ref>Macionis, Gerber, John, Linda (2010). Sociology 7th Canadian Ed. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Canada Inc.. pp. 40</ref> Data from surveys is usually analyzed statistically on a computer. ===Computational sociology=== [[File:Sna large.png|thumb|160px|left|A [[social network]] diagram: individuals (or 'nodes') connected by relationships.]][[File:A sociological study of violence in history (Italy 1919-1922).gif|thumb|220px|right|A sociological study of violence by [[text mining]].<ref>Quantitative Narrative Analysis (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences). Roberto Franzosi, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 2010. </ref> Arrow width proportional to number of violent acts. (Click on large animated GIF image to see evolution)]] {{Main|Computational sociology}} Sociologists increasingly draw upon computationally intensive methods to analyze and model social phenomena.<ref name="Blackwell">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007 |title=Computational Sociology |last=Bainbridge |first=William Sims |encyclopedia=Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology |publisher=Blackwell Reference Online |url=http://www.sociologyencyclopedia.com/subscriber/tocnode?id=g9781405124331_chunk_g97814051243319_ss1-85 |doi=10.1111/b.9781405124331.2007.x |editor=Ritzer, George|isbn=978-1-4051-2433-1}}</ref> Using [[computer simulation]]s, [[artificial intelligence]], [[text mining]], complex statistical methods, and new analytic approaches like [[social network]] analysis, computational sociology develops and tests theories of complex social processes through bottom-up modeling of social interactions.<ref name="MW"/> Although the subject matter and methodologies in social science differ from those in natural science or [[computer science]], several of the approaches used in contemporary social simulation originated from fields such as [[physics]] and artificial intelligence.<ref name="Artificial Societies"/><ref name="Cooperation"/> By the same token, some of the approaches that originated in computational sociology have been imported into the natural sciences, such as measures of [[centrality|network centrality]] from the fields of social network analysis and [[network science]]. In relevant literature, computational sociology is often related to the study of [[social complexity]].<ref name="The Computer as Laboratory: Toward a Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems"/> Social complexity concepts such as [[complex systems]], [[non-linear]] interconnection among macro and micro process, and [[emergence]], have entered the vocabulary of computational sociology.<ref name="Methodological Implications of Complex Systems Approaches to Sociality: Simulation as a Foundation for Knowledge"/> A practical and well-known example is the construction of a computational model in the form of an "[[artificial society]]", by which researchers can analyze the structure of a social system.<ref name="SfSS1"/><ref name="Generative"/> ===Practical applications of social research=== Social research informs [[politician]]s and [[public policy|policy makers]], [[education|educators]], [[urban planner|planners]], [[lawmakers]], [[Public administration|administrators]], [[Real estate development|developers]], [[business magnate]]s, managers, [[social worker]]s, [[non-governmental organization]]s, [[non-profit organization]]s, and people interested in resolving [[social issues]] in general. There is often a great deal of crossover between social research, [[market research]], and other statistical fields. ==Areas of sociology== * '''Social organization''' is the study of the various institutions, social groups, social stratification, social mobility, bureaucracy, ethnic groups and relations, and other similar subjects like family, education, politics, religion, economy, and so on and so forth. * '''Social psychology''' is the study of human nature as an outcome of group life, social attitudes, collective behavior, and personality formation. It deals with group life and the individual's traits, attitudes, beliefs as influenced by group life, and it views man with reference to group life. * '''Social change and disorganization''' is the study of the change in culture and social relations and the disruption that may occur in society, and it deals with the study of such current problems in society such as juvenile delinquency, criminality, drug addiction, family conflicts, divorce, population problems, and other similar subjects. * '''Human ecology''' deals with the nature and behavior of a given population and its relationships to the group's present social institutions. For instance, studies of this kind have shown the prevalence of mental illness, criminality, delinquencies, prostitution, and drug addiction in urban centers and other highly developed places. * '''Population or demography''' is the study of population number, composition, change, and quality as they influence the economic, political, and social system. * '''Sociological theory and method''' is concerned with the applicability and usefulness of the principles and theories of group life as bases for the regulation of man's environment, and includes theory building and testing as bases for the prediction and control of man's social environment. * '''Applied sociology''' utilizes the findings of pure sociological research in various fields such as criminology, social work, community development, education, industrial relations, marriage, ethnic relations, family counseling, and other aspects and problems of daily life.<ref>"What Is Applied Sociology?" Applied Sociology. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. <http://www.appliedsoc.org/applied-sociology/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612171514/http://www.appliedsoc.org/applied-sociology/ |date=2014-06-12 }}>.</ref> ==Scope and topics== {{Main|Subfields of sociology|Outline of sociology}} ===Culture=== [[File:AdornoHorkheimerHabermasbyJeremyJShapiro2.png|thumb|right|[[Max Horkheimer]] (left, front), [[Theodor Adorno]] (right, front), and [[Jürgen Habermas]] (right, back) 1965.]] {{Main|Sociology of culture|Cultural studies}} For [[Georg Simmel|Simmel]], culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history".<ref name="autogenerated1971"/> Whilst early theorists such as [[Durkheim]] and [[Marcel Mauss|Mauss]] were influential in [[cultural anthropology]], sociologists of culture are generally distinguished by their concern for [[modern]] (rather than [[Primitive culture|primitive]] or ancient) society. Cultural sociology is seldom empirical, preferring instead the [[hermeneutic]] analysis of words, artifacts and symbols.{{dubious|date=January 2012}} The field is closely allied with [[critical theory]] in the vein of [[Theodor W. Adorno]], [[Walter Benjamin]], and other members of the [[Frankfurt School]]. Loosely distinct to sociology is the field of [[cultural studies]]. [[Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies|Birmingham School]] theorists such as [[Richard Hoggart]] and [[Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)|Stuart Hall]] questioned the division between "producers" and "consumers" evident in earlier theory, emphasizing the reciprocity in the production of texts. Cultural Studies aims to examine its subject matter in terms of cultural practices and their relation to power. For example, a study of a [[subculture]] (such as white working class youth in London) would consider the social practices of the group as they relate to the dominant class. The "[[cultural turn]]" of the 1960s, which ushered in [[structural functionalism|structuralist]] and so-called [[postmodern philosophy|postmodern]] approaches to social science and placed culture much higher on the sociological agenda. ===Criminality, deviance, law and punishment=== {{Main|Criminology|Sociology of law|Sociology of punishment|Deviance (sociology)}} Criminologists analyze the nature, causes, and control of criminal activity, drawing upon methods across sociology, [[psychology]], and the [[behavioural sciences]]. The sociology of deviance focuses on actions or behaviors that violate [[norm (sociology)|norm]]s, including both formally enacted rules (e.g., [[crime]]) and informal violations of cultural norms. It is the remit of sociologists to study why these norms exist; how they change over time; and how they are enforced. The concept of deviance is central in contemporary structural functionalism and systems theory. [[Robert K. Merton]] produced a [[Robert K. Merton#Merton's theory of deviance|typology of deviance]], and also established the terms "[[role model]]", "[[Law of Unintended Consequences|unintended consequences]]", and "[[self-fulfilling prophecy]]".<ref name="Robert K. Merton Remembered"/> The study of law played a significant role in the formation of classical sociology. Durkheim famously described law as the "visible symbol" of social solidarity.<ref>Banakar, Reza (2009) "Law Through Sociology's Looking Glass: Conflict and Competition in Sociological Studies of Law" in "The new ISA handbook in contemporary international sociology: Conflict, Competition, and Cooperation", Ann Denis, Devorah Kalekin-Fishman, eds., (London: Sage). An e-copy available at [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1327025 papers.ssrn.com]</ref> The sociology of law refers to both a sub-discipline of sociology and an approach within the field of legal studies. Sociology of law is a diverse field of study which examines the interaction of law with other aspects of society, such as the development of legal [[institution]]s and the effect of laws on social change and vice versa. For example, an influential recent work in the field relies on statistical analyses to argue that the increase in incarceration in the US over the last 30 years is due to changes in law and policing and not to an increase in crime; and that this increase significantly contributes to maintaining racial [[Social stratification|stratification]].<ref name="Western"/> ===Economic sociology=== {{Main|Economic sociology}} The term "economic sociology" was first used by [[William Stanley Jevons]] in 1879, later to be coined in the works of Durkheim, Weber and Simmel between 1890 and 1920.<ref name="princeton1"/> Economic sociology arose as a new approach to the analysis of economic phenomena, emphasizing class relations and [[modernity]] as a philosophical concept. The relationship between [[capitalism]] and [[modernity]] is a salient issue, perhaps best demonstrated in Weber's ''[[The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]]'' (1905) and Simmel's ''[[The Philosophy of Money]]'' (1900). The contemporary period of economic sociology, also known as ''new economic sociology'', was consolidated by the 1985 work of [[Mark Granovetter]] titled "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness". This work elaborated the concept of [[embeddedness]], which states that economic relations between individuals or firms take place within existing social relations (and are thus structured by these relations as well as the greater social structures of which those relations are a part). [[Social network|Social network analysis]] has been the primary methodology for studying this phenomenon. Granovetter's theory of the [[Mark Granovetter#The strength of weak ties|strength of weak ties]] and [[Ronald Burt]]'s concept of structural holes are two best known theoretical contributions of this field. ===Environment=== {{Main|Environmental sociology|Sociology of disaster|Human ecology}} Environmental sociology is the study of human interactions with the natural environment, typically emphasizing human dimensions of environmental problems, social impacts of those problems, and efforts to resolve them. As with other subfields of sociology, scholarship in environmental sociology may be at one or multiple levels of analysis, from global (e.g. world-systems) to local, societal to individual. Attention is paid also to the processes by which environmental problems become ''defined'' and ''known'' to humans. ===Education=== {{Main|Sociology of education}} The sociology of education is the study of how educational institutions determine social structures, experiences, and other outcomes. It is particularly concerned with the schooling systems of modern industrial societies.<ref name="Dictionary"/> A classic 1966 study in this field by [[James Samuel Coleman|James Coleman]], known as the "Coleman Report", analyzed the performance of over 150,000 students and found that student background and socioeconomic status are much more important in determining educational outcomes than are measured differences in school resources (''i.e.'' per pupil spending).<ref name="Hanushek"/> The controversy over "school effects" ignited by that study has continued to this day. The study also found that socially disadvantaged black students profited from schooling in racially mixed classrooms, and thus served as a catalyst for [[desegregation busing]] in American public schools. ===Family, gender, and sexuality=== [[File:WomanFactory1940s.jpg|thumb|left|200px|"[[Rosie the Riveter]]" was an iconic symbol of the American [[United States home front during World War II|homefront]] and a departure from [[gender roles]] due to wartime necessity.]] {{Main|Sociology of the family|Sociology of childhood|Sociology of gender|Feminist sociology|Feminist theory|Queer theory}} Family, gender and sexuality form a broad area of inquiry studied in many subfields of sociology. The sociology of the family examines the family, as an [[institution]] and unit of [[socialization]], with special concern for the comparatively modern historical emergence of the [[nuclear family]] and its distinct [[gender roles]]. The notion of "[[childhood]]" is also significant. As one of the more basic institutions to which one may apply sociological perspectives, the sociology of the family is a common component on introductory academic curricula. [[Feminist sociology]], on the other hand, is a normative subfield that observes and critiques the cultural categories of gender and sexuality, particularly with respect to power and inequality. The primary concern of feminist theory is the [[patriarchy]] and the systematic oppression of women apparent in many societies, both at the level of small-scale interaction and in terms of the broader social structure. [[Social psychology]] of gender, on the other hand, uses experimental methods to uncover the microprocesses of gender stratification. For example, one recent study has shown that resume evaluators penalize women for motherhood while giving a boost to men for fatherhood.<ref>Correll, Shelley, Stephen Benard, In Paik. 2007. "Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty?" American Journal of Sociology 112: 1297–1338.</ref> Another set of experiments showed that men whose sexuality is questioned compensate by expressing a greater desire for military intervention and sport utility vehicles as well as a greater opposition to gay marriage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=http://willer.berkeley.edu/WillerOverdoingGender.pdf |access-date=2012-06-23 |archive-date=2012-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312213438/http://willer.berkeley.edu/WillerOverdoingGender.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ===Health and illness=== {{Main|Sociology of health and illness|Medical sociology}} The sociology of health and illness focuses on the social effects of, and public attitudes toward, [[illness]]es, [[disease]]s, [[disabilities]] and the [[aging]] process. Medical sociology, by contrast, focuses on the inner-workings of medical organizations and clinical institutions. In Britain, sociology was introduced into the medical curriculum following the Goodenough Report (1944).<ref name="British Sociological Association: Medical Sociology"/> ===Internet=== {{Main|Sociology of the Internet}} The [[Internet]] is of interest to sociologists in various ways; most practically as a tool for [[social research|research]] and as a discussion platform.<ref>D. R. Wilson, Researching Sociology on the Internet, Thomson/Wadsworth, 2004, ISBN 0-534-62437-5</ref> The sociology of the Internet in the broad sense regards the analysis of [[online communities]] (e.g. [[newsgroup]]s, social networking sites) and [[virtual world]]s. Online communities may be studied statistically through [[social network|network analysis]] or interpreted qualitatively through [[virtual ethnography]]. Organizational change is catalyzed through [[new media]], thereby influencing social change at-large, perhaps forming the framework for a transformation from an [[industrial society|industrial]] to an [[informational society]]. One notable text is [[Manuel Castells]]' ''[[The Internet Galaxy]]''—the title of which forms an inter-textual reference to [[Marshall McLuhan]]'s ''[[The Gutenberg Galaxy]]''.<ref>The Internet Galaxy, Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society. Oxford, Oxford University Press (2001)</ref> ===Knowledge and science=== {{Main|Sociology of knowledge|Sociology of scientific knowledge}} The sociology of knowledge is the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context within which it arises, and of the effects prevailing ideas have on societies. The term first came into widespread use in the 1920s, when a number of German-speaking theorists, most notably [[Max Scheler]], and [[Karl Mannheim]], wrote extensively on it. With the dominance of [[Structural functionalism|functionalism]] through the middle years of the 20th century, the sociology of knowledge tended to remain on the periphery of mainstream sociological thought. It was largely reinvented and applied much more closely to everyday life in the 1960s, particularly by [[Peter L. Berger]] and [[Thomas Luckmann]] in ''[[The Social Construction of Reality]]'' (1966) and is still central for methods dealing with qualitative understanding of human society (compare ''[[socially constructed reality]]''). The "archaeological" and "genealogical" studies of [[Michel Foucault]] are of considerable contemporary influence. The sociology of science involves the study of science as a social activity, especially dealing "with the social conditions and effects of science, and with the social structures and processes of scientific activity."<ref name="socofsci-bendavid"/> Important theorists in the sociology of science include [[Robert K. Merton]] and [[Bruno Latour]]. These branches of sociology have contributed to the formation of [[science and technology studies]]. ===Media=== {{Main|Media studies}} As with [[cultural studies]], media studies is a distinct discipline which owes to the convergence of sociology and other social sciences and humanities, in particular, [[literary criticism]] and [[critical theory]]. Though the production process or the critique of aesthetic forms is not in the remit of sociologists, analyses of [[socialisation|socialising]] factors, such as [[ideology|ideological effects]] and [[audience reception]], stem from sociological theory and method. Thus the 'sociology of the media' is not a subdiscipline ''per se'', but the media is a common and often-indispensable topic. ===Military=== {{Main|Military sociology}} Military sociology aims toward the systematic study of the military as a social group rather than as an [[Military organization|organization]]. It is a highly specialized subfield which examines issues related to service personnel as a distinct [[social group|group]] with coerced [[collective action]] based on shared [[Advocacy group|interests]] linked to survival in [[vocation]] and [[combat]], with purposes and [[value (personal and cultural)|values]] that are more defined and narrow than within civil society. Military sociology also concerns [[civilian]]-military relations and interactions between other groups or governmental agencies. Topics include the dominant assumptions held by those in the military, changes in military members' willingness to fight, military unionization, military professionalism, the increased utilization of women, the military industrial-academic complex, the military's dependence on research, and the institutional and organizational structure of military.<ref name="Core Issues and Theory in Military Sociology"/> ===Political sociology=== {{Main|Political sociology}} [[File:JuergenHabermas.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jürgen Habermas]]]] Historically political sociology concerned the relations between political organization and society. A typical research question in this area might be: "Why do so few American citizens choose to vote?"<ref>Piven, F. (1988) ''Why Americans Don't Vote: And Why Politicians Want it That Way'' Pantheon. ISBN 0-679-72318-8</ref> In this respect questions of political opinion formation brought about some of the pioneering uses of statistical [[survey research]] by [[Paul Lazarsfeld]]. A major subfield of political sociology developed in relation to such questions, which draws on comparative history to analyze socio-political trends. The field developed from the work of [[Max Weber]] and [[Moisey Ostrogorsky]].<ref>Lipset, S.M. ''Introduction: Ostrogorski and the Analytical Approach to the Comparative Study of Political Parties'' in M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political (2 vol, 1964; 1982 ed.)</ref> Contemporary political sociology includes these areas of research, but it has been opened up to wider questions of power and politics.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LWwBN3rUrO4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=contemporary+political+sociology&hl=en&ei=UaGETsjbOI6r8QPgr9w0&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AE |title=Contemporary political sociology ... - Kate Nash |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-04}}</ref> Today political sociologists are as likely to be concerned with how identities are formed that contribute to structural domination by one group over another; the politics of who knows how and with what authority; and questions of how power is contested in social interactions in such a way as to bring about widespread cultural and social change. Such questions are more likely to be studied qualitatively. The study of social movements and their effects has been especially important in relation to these wider definitions of politics and power.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5mazSOSvqrEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=social+movements&hl=en&ei=iKGETretNoia8QPL-b1i&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Social movements: an introduction - Donatella Della Porta, Mario Diani |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-04}}</ref> ===Race and ethnic relations=== {{Main|Sociology of race and ethnic relations|Sociology of immigration}} The sociology of race and of ethnic relations is the area of the discipline that studies the [[Social relation|social]], political, and economic relations between [[Race (classification of human beings)|races]] and [[ethnicities]] at all levels of society. This area encompasses the study of [[racism]], [[residential segregation]], and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups. This research frequently interacts with other areas of sociology such as [[Social stratification|stratification]] and [[Social psychology (sociology)|social psychology]], as well as with [[postcolonial theory]]. At the level of political policy, ethnic relations are discussed in terms of either [[assimilationism]] or [[multiculturalism]].<ref>"Milton Louw - Making A Better World." : Oldest Coloured Owned Business in Namibia. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. <http://milton-louw.blogspot.com/2011/03/oldest-coloured-owned-business-in.html>.</ref> [[Anti-racism]] forms another style of policy, particularly popular in the 1960s and 70s. ===Religion=== {{Main|Sociology of religion}} The sociology of religion concerns the practices, historical backgrounds, developments, universal themes and roles of religion in society.<ref>Kevin J. Christiano, et al., (2nd ed., 2008), Sociology of Religion: Contemporary Developments, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7425-6111-3</ref> There is particular emphasis on the recurring role of religion in all societies and throughout recorded history. The sociology of religion is distinguished from the [[philosophy of religion]] in that sociologists do not set out to assess the validity of religious truth-claims, instead assuming what [[Peter L. Berger]] has described as a position of "methodological atheism".<ref>Berger, Peter L. ''The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion'' (1967). Anchor Books 1990 paperback: ISBN 0-385-07305-4</ref> It may be said that the modern formal discipline of sociology ''began'' with the analysis of religion in Durkheim's 1897 [[suicide (book)|study of suicide]] rates amongst [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Protestant]] populations. Max Weber published four major texts on religion in a context of [[economic sociology]] and his [[rationalization (sociology)|rationalization thesis]]: ''[[The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]]'' (1905), ''[[The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism]]'' (1915), ''[[The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism]]'' (1915), and ''[[Ancient Judaism (book)|Ancient Judaism]]'' (1920). Contemporary debates often center on topics such as [[secularization]], [[civil religion]], and the role of religion in a context of [[globalization]] and [[multiculturalism]]. ===Social networks=== [[File:Harrisonwhite.jpg|thumb|150px|left|[[Harrison White]]]] {{Main|Social network|Social network analysis}} A social network is a [[social structure]] composed of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes", which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of [[interdependency]], such as [[friendship]], [[kinship]], financial exchange, dislike, [[sexual network|sexual relationships]], or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige. Social networks operate on many levels, from families up to the level of nations, and play a critical role in determining the way problems are solved, organizations are run, and the degree to which individuals succeed in achieving their goals. Social network analysis makes no assumption that groups are the building blocks of society: the approach is open to studying less-bounded social systems, from non-local [[communities]] to networks of exchange. Rather than treating individuals (persons, organizations, states) as discrete units of analysis, it focuses on how the structure of ties affects individuals and their relationships. In contrast to analyses that assume that socialization into norms determines behavior, network analysis looks to see the extent to which the structure and composition of ties affect norms. Unlike most other areas of sociology, social network theory is usually defined in [[Mathematical sociology|formal mathematics]]. ===Social psychology=== {{Main|Social psychology (sociology)}} Sociological social psychology focuses on micro-scale [[social actions]]. This area may be described as adhering to "sociological miniaturism", examining whole societies through the study of individual thoughts and emotions as well as behavior of small groups.<ref name="Sociological miniaturism: seeing the big through the small in social psychology"/> Of special concern to psychological sociologists is how to explain a variety of demographic, social, and cultural facts in terms of human social interaction. Some of the major topics in this field are social inequality, group dynamics, prejudice, aggression, social perception, group behavior, social change, nonverbal behavior, socialization, conformity, leadership, and social identity. Social psychology may be taught with [[Social psychology (psychology)|psychological emphasis]].<ref name="about1"/> In sociology, researchers in this field are the most prominent users of the [[experiment|experimental method]] (however, unlike their psychological counterparts, they also frequently employ other methodologies). Social psychology looks at social influences, as well as social perception and social interaction.<ref name="about1"/> ===Stratification=== {{Main|Social stratification|Social mobility|Social class}} Social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of individuals into social classes, [[caste]]s, and divisions within a society. .<ref>Macionis, Gerber, John, Linda (2010). Sociology 7th Canadian Ed. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Canada Inc.. pp. 225</ref> Modern [[Western culture|Western societies]] stratification traditionally relates to cultural and economic classes arranged in three main layers: [[upper class]], [[middle class]], and [[lower class]], but each class may be further subdivided into smaller classes (e.g. [[occupational prestige|occupational]]).<ref name="Social Class and Stratification"/> Social stratification is interpreted in radically different ways within sociology. Proponents of [[structural functionalism]] suggest that, since the stratification of classes and castes is evident in all societies, hierarchy must be beneficial in stabilizing their existence. [[Conflict theory|Conflict theorists]], by contrast, critique the inaccessibility of resources and lack of [[social mobility]] in stratified societies. Karl Marx distinguished social classes by their connection to the [[means of production]] in the capitalist system: the [[bourgeoisie]] own the means, but this effectively includes the [[proletariat]] itself as the workers can only sell their own [[labour power]] (forming the [[base and superstructure|material base of the cultural superstructure]]). [[Max Weber]] critiqued Marxist [[economic determinism]], arguing that social stratification is not based purely on economic inequalities, but on other status and power differentials (e.g. [[patriarchy]]). According to Weber, stratification may occur amongst at least three complex variables: (1) Property (class): A person's economic position in a society, based on birth and individual achievement.<ref>{{cite book|last=Macionis, Gerber,|first=John, Linda|title=Sociology 7th Canadian Ed.|year=2010|publisher=Pearson Canada Inc..|location=Toronto, Ontario|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|pages=243.}}</ref> Weber differs from Marx in that he does not see this as the supreme factor in stratification. Weber noted how managers of corporations or industries control firms they do not own; Marx would have placed such a person in the proletariat. (2) Prestige (status): A person's prestige, or popularity in a society. This could be determined by the kind of job this person does or wealth. and (3) Power (political party): A person's ability to get their way despite the resistance of others. For example, individuals in state jobs, such as an employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or a member of the United States Congress, may hold little property or status but they still hold immense power<ref>{{cite book|last=Stark|first=, Rodney|title=Sociology|year=2006|publisher=Wadsworth Publishing|isbn=978-0-495-09344-2}}</ref> [[Pierre Bourdieu]] provides a modern example in the concepts of [[cultural capital|cultural]] and [[symbolic capital]]. Theorists such as [[Ralf Dahrendorf]] have noted the tendency toward an enlarged middle-class in modern Western societies, particularly in relation to the necessity of an educated work force in technological or service-based economies.<ref>Dahrendorf, Ralf. (1959) Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.</ref> Perspectives concerning globalization, such as [[dependency theory]], suggest this effect owes to the shift of workers to the [[Third World]].<ref>Bornschier V. (1996), 'Western society in transition' New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.</ref> ===Urban and rural sociology=== {{Main|Urban sociology|Rural sociology}} Urban sociology involves the analysis of social life and human interaction in metropolitan areas. It is a [[normative]] discipline, seeking to provide advice for planning and policy making. After the [[industrial revolution]], works such as [[Georg Simmel]]'s ''[[The Metropolis and Mental Life]]'' (1903) focused on urbanization and the effect it had on alienation and anonymity. In the 1920s and 1930s The [[Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago School]] produced a major body of theory on the nature of the city, important to both urban sociology and criminology, utilising [[symbolic interactionism]] as a method of field research. Contemporary research is commonly placed in a context of [[globalization]], for instance, in [[Saskia Sassen]]'s study of the "[[Global city]]".<ref>Sassen, Saskia – The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. (1991) – Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07063-6</ref> Rural sociology, by contrast, is the analysis of non-metropolitan areas. ===Work and industry=== {{Main|Industrial sociology}} The sociology of work, or industrial sociology, examines "the direction and implications of trends in [[technological]] change, [[globalization]], labour markets, work organization, [[managerial]] practices and [[division of labour|employment relations]] to the extent to which these trends are intimately related to changing patterns of inequality in modern societies and to the changing experiences of individuals and families the ways in which workers challenge, resist and make their own contributions to the patterning of work and shaping of work institutions."<ref>Watson, Tony J. 2008 ''Sociology, Work, and Industry''. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-43555-2. p392</ref> ==Sociology and the other academic disciplines== Sociology overlaps with a variety of disciplines that study society, in particular [[anthropology]], [[political science]], [[economics]], and [[social philosophy]]. Many comparatively new fields such as [[communication studies]], [[cultural studies]], [[demography]] and [[literary theory]], draw upon methods that originated in sociology. The terms "[[social science]]" and "[[social research]]" have both gained a degree of autonomy since their origination in classical sociology. The distinct field of [[social psychology]] emerged from the many intersections of sociological and psychological interests, and is further distinguished in terms of [[social psychology (sociology)|sociological]] or [[Social psychology (psychology)|psychological emphasis]].<ref>Sherif, M., and CW Sherif. An Outline of Social Psychology (rev. ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956</ref> Sociology and [[applied sociology]] are connected to the professional and academic discipline of [[social work]].<ref name="Web page"/> Both disciplines study social interactions, community and the effect of various systems (i.e. family, school, community, laws, political sphere) on the individual.<ref name="Generalist Practice with Organizations and Communities"/> However, social work is generally more focused on practical strategies to alleviate social dysfunctions; sociology in general provides a thorough examination of the root causes of these problems.<ref name="Direct Social Work Practice"/> For example, a sociologist might study ''why'' a community is plagued with poverty. The [[applied sociology|applied sociologist]] would be more focused on practical strategies on ''what'' needs to be done to alleviate this burden. The social worker would be focused on ''action''; implementing theses strategies [[clinical social work|"directly"]] or [[Community practice|"indirectly"]] by means of [[mental health|mental health therapy]], [[counseling]], [[advocacy]], [[community organization]] or [[community mobilization]].<ref name="Generalist Practice with Organizations and Communities"/> [[Social anthropology]] is the branch of [[anthropology]] that studies how contemporary living human beings behave in [[social group]]s. Practitioners of social anthropology, like sociologists, investigate various facets of [[social organization]]. Traditionally, social anthropologists analysed non-industrial and non-Western societies, whereas sociologists focused on industrialized societies in the Western world. In recent years, however, social anthropology has expanded its focus to modern Western societies, meaning that the two disciplines increasingly converge.<ref name="James Trostle"/><ref name="Sociology-Basic Concepts"/> [[Sociobiology]] is the study of how [[social behavior]] and organization have been influenced by [[evolution]] and other [[biological process]]. The field blends sociology with a number of other sciences, such as anthropology, [[biology]], and [[zoology]]. Sociobiology has generated controversy within the sociological academy for allegedly giving too much attention to gene expression over socialization and environmental factors in general (see '[[nature versus nurture]]'). [[Entomology|Entomologist]] [[E. O. Wilson]] is credited as having originally developed and described Sociobiology.<ref>Dugan, David. "NOVA: Lord of the Ants." NOVA: Lord of the Ants. Dir. David Dugan. Prod. David Dugan. PBS. WGBH, Boston, Massachusetts, 20 May 2008. Television.</ref> [[Irving Louis Horowitz]], in his ''The Decomposition of Sociology'' (1994), has argued that the discipline, whilst arriving from a "distinguished lineage and tradition", is in decline due to deeply ideological theory and a lack of relevance to policy making: "The decomposition of sociology began when this great tradition became subject to ideological thinking, and an inferior tradition surfaced in the wake of totalitarian triumphs."<ref name="autogenerated1994"/> Furthermore: "A problem yet unmentioned is that sociology's malaise has left all the social sciences vulnerable to pure positivism—to an empiricism lacking any theoretical basis. Talented individuals who might, in an earlier time, have gone into sociology are seeking intellectual stimulation in business, law, the natural sciences, and even creative writing; this drains sociology of much needed potential."<ref name="autogenerated1994"/> Horowitz cites the lack of a 'core discipline' as exacerbating the problem. [[Randall Collins]], the [[Dorothy Swaine Thomas]] Professor in Sociology at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and a member of the Advisory Editors Council of the [[Social Evolution & History]] journal, has voiced similar sentiments: "we have lost all coherence as a discipline, we are breaking up into a conglomerate of specialities, each going on its own way and with none too high regard for each other."<ref>Randall Collins, Cited in Horowitz, Irving (1994) ''The Decomposition of Sociology'' Oxford University Press. p3-9</ref> In 2007, ''[[Times Higher Education|The Times Higher Education Guide]]'' published a list of 'The most cited authors of books in the Humanities' (including philosophy and psychology). Seven of the top ten are listed as sociologists: [[Michel Foucault]] (1), [[Pierre Bourdieu]] (2), [[Anthony Giddens]] (5), [[Erving Goffman]] (6), [[Jürgen Habermas]] (7), [[Max Weber]] (8), and [[Bruno Latour]] (10).<ref name="The most cited authors of books in the humanities"/> </font> ==Journals== The most highly ranked journals in the field of general sociology are ''[[Sociological Perspectives (journal)|Sociological Perspectives]]'', the ''[[American Sociological Review]]'', the ''[[American Journal of Sociology]]'', the ''[[British Journal of Sociology]]'', and ''[[Sociology (journal)|Sociology]]''.<ref name=WoS>{{cite book |year=2011 |chapter=Journals Ranked by Impact: Sociology |title=2010 [[Journal Citation Reports]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |edition=Social Sciences |accessdate=2011-10-18 |work=Web of Science |postscript=.}}</ref> Many more specialized journals also exist. ==E tun wo== {{Wikipedia books}} {{Portal|Sociology}} {{Main|Outline of sociology}} * [[History of social science]] * [[History of sociology]] * [[List of sociologists]] * [[List of sociology journals]] * [[Subfields of sociology]] * [[Timeline of sociology]] * [[Sociological theory]] {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ==Itokasi== {{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs= <ref name = "Jost">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.498 | last1 = Jost | first1 = JT | last2 = Kay | first2 = AC | year = 2005 | title = Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification | url = http://www.willettsurvey.org/TMSTN/Gender/ComplementaryGenderSterotypes.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | volume = 88 | issue = 3 | pages = 498–509 | pmid = 15740442 | access-date = 2012-06-23 | archivedate = 2013-09-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130904015351/http://www.willettsurvey.org/TMSTN/Gender/ComplementaryGenderSterotypes.pdf | deadurl = yes }}</ref> <ref name="Akhtar">{{cite journal | last1 = Dr | first1 = | last2 = Akhtar | first2 = S. 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''Sociology: A Guide to Reference and Information Sources, 3rd edn.'' Littleton, Colorado, Libraries Unlimited Inc., 2005, ISBN 1-56308-947-5 {{Cite book|title=|oclc=57475961}} * [[Earl Babbie|Babbie, Earl R.]]. 2003. ''The Practice of Social Research, 10th edition.'' Wadsworth, [[Thomson Learning]] Inc., ISBN 0-534-62029-9 {{Cite book|title=|oclc=51917727}} * [[Randall Collins|Collins, Randall]]. 1994. ''Four Sociological Traditions.'' Oxford, [[Oxford University Press]] ISBN 0-19-508208-7 {{Cite book|title=|oclc=28411490}} * [[Lewis A. Coser|Coser, Lewis A.]], ''Masters of Sociological Thought : Ideas in Historical and Social Context'', New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. ISBN 0-15-555128-0. * [[Anthony Giddens|Giddens, Anthony]]. 2006. ''Sociology'' (5th edition), Polity, Cambridge. 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Wright, The Sociological Imagination,1959] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107002057/http://www.camden.rutgers.edu/~wood/207socimagination.htm |date=2010-01-07 }}{{Cite book| title =|oclc=165883}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061106060908/http://ddl.uwinnipeg.ca/res_des/files/readings/cwmills-intel_craft.pdf C. Wright Mills, Intellectual Craftsmanship Advices how to Work for young Sociologist] *{{Cite book|last=Mitchell |first=Geoffrey Duncan |title=A Hundred Years of Sociology: A Concise History of the Major Figures, Ideas, and Schools of Sociological Thought |year=2007, originally published in 1968 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |isbn=978-0-202-36168-0 |oclc=145146341}} * [[Robert A. Nisbet|Nisbet, Robert A.]] 1967. ''The Sociological Tradition'', London, Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 1-56000-667-6 {{Cite book|title=|oclc=26934810}} * [[George Ritzer|Ritzer, George]] and Douglas J. Goodman. 2004. 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ISBN 0-8135-2367-2 {{Cite book|title=|oclc=34633406}} ==Ijapo ode== {{WVS}} ;Professional associations {{Refbegin|2}} * [http://www.afsanet.org/ African Sociological Association (AfSA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705042046/http://www.afsanet.org/ |date=2007-07-05 }} * [http://www.asanet.org/ American Sociological Association (ASA)] * [http://uhaweb.hartford.edu/doane/ahsweb1.htm Association for Humanist Sociology (AHS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111185014/http://uhaweb.hartford.edu/doane/ahsweb1.htm |date=2014-11-11 }} * [http://www.tasa.org.au/ Australian Sociological Association (TASA)] * [http://www.britsoc.co.uk/ British Sociological Association (BSA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091023235822/http://www.britsoc.co.uk/ |date=2009-10-23 }} * [http://www.csaa.ca/ Canadian Sociological Association (CSA)] * [http://www.acsalf.ca/ Canadian Association of French-speaking Sociologists and Anthropologists] * [http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/esa/ European Sociological Association (ESA)] * [http://www.afs-socio.fr French Sociological Association] * [http://www.soziologie.de German Sociological Association (DGS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710083354/http://www.soziologie.de/ |date=2015-07-10 }} * [http://www.insoso.org/ Indian Sociological Society (Insoso)] * [http://www.iisoc.org/ International Institute of Sociology (IIS)] * [http://www.ucm.es/info/isa/ International Sociological Association (ISA)] * [http://www.alas.fsoc.uba.ar/index.html Latin American Sociological Association (ALAS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107083812/http://www.alas.fsoc.uba.ar/index.html |date=2010-01-07 }} * [http://www.aps.pt/ Portuguese Sociological Association (APS)] * [http://www.sociology.ie/ Sociological Association of Ireland (SAI)] * [http://www.sasaonline.org.za/ South African Sociological Association (SASA)] {{Refend}} {{Social sciences-footer}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìṣeọ̀rọ̀aláwùjọ| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìṣeọ̀rọ̀àwùjọ| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ọ̀rọ̀-àwùjọ| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn sáyẹ́nsì àwùjọ]] fkiirygk766xr6klpa4ur8wzedqznk4 Ìgbà iwájú Kámbríà 0 36734 632169 623615 2026-08-19T19:30:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PreCambrian Era Geological Timeline.png|thumb|Ìgbà iwájú Kámbríà]] {{Geological period |image= |o2=0 |co2=0 |temp=0 |sea level = Unknown <ref>{{cite journal | author = Haq, B. U.| year = 2008| doi = 10.1126/science.1161648 | title = A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-10-03_322_5898/page/64| journal = Science | volume = 322 | pages = 64 | pmid = 18832639 | last2 = Schutter | first2 = SR | issue = 5898 }}</ref> |timeline=off }} '''Ìgbà iwájú Kámbríà''' (Pre-Cambrian) ni orúkọ àfiṣiṣé fún ibu asiko siwaju Iggbarun ''Igbeyosaye'' isinyi, be sini o je Igbarungbangba to pin si and is a Supereon divided into several igbarun orisirisi lori osuwon asiko iseorooriile. O bu lati idarajo aye ni bi 4600 Ma (egbegberun odun seyin) de ibere [[Cambrian|Ìgbà Kámbríà]], nibi 542 Ma, nigbati awon eranko onigba-eyin lilo koko po jantirere.O nje Ìgbà iwájú Kámbríà nitoripe o siwaju Igba Kambria, the first igba akoko Igbarun Igbeyosaye, ti oruko re wa lati inu oruko ologbologbo fun [[Wales]], ''Cambria'', nibi ti awon apata lati igba yi ti koko je sisekiko. ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} {{Geological history|c}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbà iwájú Kámbríà| ]] {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} cqtxr9i52115dp3zyeh697xp910e98g Ìgbà Kámbríà 0 36737 632135 623748 2026-08-19T18:37:34Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cambrian Stromatolites from New York State.jpg|thumb|Ìgbà Kámbríà]] {{Geological period |image= |o2=12.5 |co2=4500 |temp=21 |sea level = Rising steadily from 30m to 90m<ref>{{cite journal | author = Haq, B. U.| year = 2008| doi = 10.1126/science.1161648 | title = A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-10-03_322_5898/page/64| journal = Science | volume = 322 | pages = 64 | pmid = 18832639 | last2 = Schutter | first2 = SR | issue = 5898 }}</ref> |timeline=off }} '''Ìgbà Kámbríà''' (''Cambrian'') ni igba oniseorooriile akoko ti [[Àsíkò Ìgbéàtijọ́]], to pari lati {{period span|Cambrian}} {{ICS 2004}}; [[Ìgbà Ọ̀rdòfísíà]] ni o tele. Ko si ojutu bo se pin si. Adam Sedgwick lo sedasile igba yi, o pe ni Cambria, oruko ede [[Latin]] fun [[Wales]], nibi ti awon apata Britani Igba Kambria ti yojade daada.<ref name=Sedgwick1852>{{cite journal|doi=10.1144/GSL.JGS.1852.008.01-02.20|author=Sedgwick, A. |year=1852|title=On the classification and nomenclature of the Lower Paleozoic rocks of England and Wales|journal=Q. J. Geol. Soc. Land. |volume=8|pages=136–138}}</ref> {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{Reflist}} {{Phanerozoic eon}} {{Geological history|p|p}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbà Kámbríà| ]] byfpwklw374nenxqjmy3dmn2sdx8ci6 Ìgbà Ọ̀rdòfísíà 0 36741 632022 604809 2026-08-19T15:25:37Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632022 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mollweide Paleographic Map of Earth, 465 Ma (Darriwilian Age).png|thumb|Ìgbà Ọ̀rdòfísíà]] {{Geological period |from=488 |to=443 |image= |o2=13.5 |co2=4200 |temp=16 |timeline=off |sea level = 180m; rising to 220m in Caradoc and falling sharply to 140m in end-Ordovician glaciations<ref>{{cite journal | author = Haq, B. U.| year = 2008| doi = 10.1126/science.1161648 | title = A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-10-03_322_5898/page/64| journal = Science | volume = 322 | pages = 64–68 | pmid = 18832639 | last2 = Schutter | first2 = SR | issue = 5898 }}</ref> }} The '''Ordovician''' (pronounced {{IPA-en|ɔrdəˈvɪʃən|}}) is a [[geologic period|geologic period and system]], the second of six of the [[Paleozoic]] [[era (geology)|Era]], and covers the time between 488.3±1.7 to 443.7±1.5 [[million years]] ago {{ICS 2004}}. It follows the [[Cambrian]] Period and is followed by the [[Silurian]] Period. The Ordovician, named after the [[Celts|Celtic]] tribe of the [[Ordovices]], was defined by [[Charles Lapworth]] in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of [[Adam Sedgwick]] and [[Roderick Murchison]], who were placing the same [[Rock (geology)|rock]] beds in northern Wales into the [[Cambrian]] and [[Silurian]] periods respectively. Lapworth, recognizing that the [[fossil]] [[Fauna (animals)|fauna]] in the disputed [[Stratum|strata]] were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian periods, realized that they should be placed in a period of their own. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{Reflist}} {{Phanerozoic eon}} {{Geological history|p|p}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbà Ọ̀rdòfísíà| ]] q2fbp1a7p4itw2qkws9ljnthmeeihd9 Ìgbà Sílúríà 0 36744 632112 573803 2026-08-19T18:06:24Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632112 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:68-224-5027 Китайгородське відслонення.jpg|thumb|Ìgbà Sílúríà]] {{translate}} {{Geological period |from=444 |to=416 |image= |o2=14 |co2=4500 |temp=17 |timeline=off |sea level = Around 180m, with short-term negative excursions<ref>{{cite journal | author = Haq, B. U.| year = 2008| doi = 10.1126/science.1161648 | title = A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-10-03_322_5898/page/64| journal = Science | volume = 322 | pages = 64–68 | pmid = 18832639 | last2 = Schutter | first2 = SR | issue = 5898 }}</ref> }} The '''Silurian''' is a [[geologic period|geologic period and system]] that extends from the end of the [[Ordovician]] Period, about 443.7 ± 1.5 [[annum|Mya]] (million years ago), to the beginning of the [[Devonian]] Period, about 416.0 ± 2.8 Mya {{ICS 2004}}. As with other [[Geology|geologic]] periods, the [[Rock (geology)|rock]] beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by several million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a major [[extinction event]] when 60% of marine species were wiped out. See [[Ordovician-Silurian extinction events]]. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Phanerozoic eon}} {{Geological history|p|p}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbà Sílúríà| ]] 4z2i951jprxaqituideihy5x8uhsple Ìgbà Dẹfoníà 0 36747 632154 604810 2026-08-19T18:54:14Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mollweide Paleographic Map of Earth, 390 Ma (Eifelian Age).png|thumb|Ìgbà Dẹfoníà]] {{Geological period |image= |o2=15 |co2=2200 |temp=20 |timeline=off |sea level = Relatively steady around 180m, gradually falling to 120m through period<ref>{{cite journal | author = Haq, B. U.| year = 2008| doi = 10.1126/science.1161648 | title = A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-10-03_322_5898/page/64| journal = Science | volume = 322 | pages = 64–68 | pmid = 18832639 | last2 = Schutter | first2 = SR | issue = 5898 }}</ref> }} The '''Devonian''' is a [[geologic period|geologic period and system]] of the [[Paleozoic]] Era spanning from {{Ma|416|359.2}} {{ICS 2004}}. It is named after [[Devon]], [[England]], where rocks from this period were first studied. During the Devonian Period the pectoral and pelvic fins of [[lobe-finned fish]] evolved into [[Leg (anatomy)|legs]]<ref>See ''[[Tiktaalik]]''.</ref> as they started to walk on [[Landform|land]] as [[tetrapod]]s around 397 [[Mega-annum|Ma]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8443879.stm] Fossil tracks record 'oldest land-walkers' - BBC News</ref> Various terrestrial [[arthropod]]s also became well-established. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Itokasi == {{Reflist}} {{Phanerozoic eon}} {{Geological history|p|p}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbà Dẹfoníà| ]] l64rtciav6b1lq7r2yxd3cer6tdrel8 Ìgbà Eléèédú 0 36750 632101 604812 2026-08-19T17:52:10Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mollweide Paleographic Map of Earth, 330 Ma (Serpukhovian Age).png|thumb|Ìgbà Eléèédú]] {{Geological period |image= |o2=32.5 |co2=800 |temp=14 |sea level = Falling from 120m to present day level throughout Mississippian, then rising steadily to about 80m at end of period<ref>{{cite journal | author = Haq, B. U.| year = 2008| doi = 10.1126/science.1161648 | title = A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-10-03_322_5898/page/64| journal = Science | volume = 322 | pages = 64–68 | pmid = 18832639 | last2 = Schutter | first2 = SR | issue = 5898 }}</ref> }} The '''Carboniferous''' is a [[geologic period|geologic period and system]] that extends from the end of the [[Devonian]] Period, about 359.2 ± 2.5 [[annum|Mya]] (million years ago), to the beginning of the [[Permian]] Period, about 299.0 ± 0.8 Mya {{ICS 2004}}. The Carboniferous was a time of [[glacier|glaciation]], low sea level and mountain building, diversification and extinction; a minor marine and terrestrial [[extinction event]] among animals and plants ([[Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse]]) occurred in the middle of the period caused by climate change.<ref name="SahneyBentonFerry2010RainforestCollapse">{{ cite journal | url=http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/12/1079 | author= Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. & Falcon-Lang, H.J. | year=2010 | title= Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica | journal=Geology | volume = 38 | pages = 1079–1082 | format=PDF }}</ref> {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Phanerozoic eon}} {{Geological history|p|p}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbà Eléèédú| ]] qpnmil6fok0qcbjx7zlkiw7n5k96adw Ìgbà Pẹ́rmíà 0 36754 632045 604811 2026-08-19T16:17:26Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632045 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mollweide Paleographic Map of Earth, 275 Ma (Kungurian Age).png|thumb|Ìgbà Pẹ́rmíà]] {{translate}} {{Geological period |image= |o2=23 |co2=900 |temp=16 |sea level = Relatively constant at 60m in early Permian; plummeting during the middle Permian to a constant &minus;20&nbsp;m in the late Permian.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Haq, B. U.| year = 2008| doi = 10.1126/science.1161648 | title = A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-10-03_322_5898/page/64| journal = Science | volume = 322 | pages = 64–68 | pmid = 18832639 | last2 = Schutter | first2 = SR | issue = 5898 }}</ref> }} The '''Permian'''<ref group=note >The term "Permian" was introduced into [[geology]] in 1841 by Sir [[Roderick Murchison|Sir R. I. Murchison]], president of the Geological Society of London, who identified typical strata in extensive Russian explorations undertaken with [[Edouard de Verneuil]]; Murchison asserted in 1841 that he named his "Permian system" after the ancient kingdom of [[Great Perm|Permia]], and not after the then small town of [[Perm]], as usually assumed; see [http://www.earthscape.org/r3/erwin/erwin10.html "Origin of the Permian"]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> is a [[geologic period]] and [[system (geology)|system]] characterized among land vertebrates by the diversification of the early [[amniotes]] into the ancestral groups of the [[mammals]], [[turtles]], [[lepidosaurs]] and [[archosaurs]]. The Permian Period follows the [[Carboniferous]] and extends from 299.0 ± 0.8 to 251.0 ± 0.4 Mya (million years before the present). It is the last period of the [[Paleozoic]] Era and famous for its ending [[epoch event]], the [[Permian–Triassic extinction event|largest mass extinction known to science]]. The Permian Period was named after the [[Perm Krai]] in [[Russia]] by Scottish geologist [[Roderick Murchison]] in 1841. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ==Akiyesi== {{Reflist|group=note}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Phanerozoic eon}} {{Geological history|p|p}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbà Pẹ́rmíà| ]] 522a24apbx92t5917k1vl4pvly50lqz Òrìṣà 0 53626 632089 618747 2026-08-19T17:39:50Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Supernatural being}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} {{multiple image | perrow = 2 | total_width = 240 | image1 = Shiva Parvati Ganesha.jpg | alt1 = Brahman | width1 = | height1 = 2620 | image2 = Green tara 1947 wk.jpg | alt2 = Buddha | width2 = 1200 | height2 = 1600 | image3 = Gold beaker, Inca, 1450-1532 AD, southern Peru - Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde München - DSC08504.JPG | alt3 = Beaker | image4 = Musée africain Lyon 130909 01.jpg | alt4 = Orisha | image5 = Ares Canope Villa Adriana b.jpg | alt5 = Ares | image6 = Maler der Grabkammer der Nefertari 001.jpg | alt6 = Janus | width7 = 340 | height7 = 260 | image8 = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | width9 = 340 | height9 = | image10 = Itzamna e Ixchel.JPG | alt10 = Itzamna e Ixchel | width10 = 340 | height10 = 260 | image11 = Origin_of_Iwato_Kagura_Dance_Amaterasu_by_Toyokuni_III_(Kunisada)_1856.png | alt11 = Kami | width11 = 400 | footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn àwòrán àwọn ọlọ́run ní àwọn àṣà oríṣiríṣi; ní ìtẹ̀léwọ̀n bí aago láti òkè apa òsì: ẹ̀sìn Híńdù, ẹ̀sìn Búdà, ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, ẹ̀sìn ará Éjíbítì àtijọ́, ẹ̀sìn àwọn Màyà, ẹ̀sìn Shíńtò, ẹ̀sìn Kristẹni, ẹ̀sìn Gíríìkì-Róòmù àtijọ́, àti ẹ̀sìn àwọn Íńkà. | align = | direction = | caption1 = | caption2 = | width6 = 340 }} Ọ̀rìṣà tàbí ọlọ́run kékeré sí ẹni mímọ́ àti ẹni tí ó yẹ fún ìjọ́sìn, nítorí pé ó jẹ́ ẹ̀dá àtọ̀runwá tí ó ní àṣẹ lórí apá kan ti àgbáyé tàbí ìgbésí ayé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=god |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/god |website=Cambridge Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of GOD |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/god |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> Ìtumọ̀ 'deity' nínú Iwè-àmúlẹ̀ọ̀rọ̀ ''Oxford'' jẹ́ Ọlọ́run tàbí òrìṣà, tàbí ohun kan tí a kà sí ti Ọlọ́run tí a sì bu ọlá fún.<ref name="Stevenson">{{cite book|last1=Stevenson|first1=Angus|title=Oxford Dictionary of English|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-957112-3|page=461|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=11 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311102542/https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Òrìṣà tàbí ọlọ́run jẹ́ ẹ̀dá tí agbára rẹ̀ ju ti èèyàn lásán lọ, ṣùgbọ́n tí ó máa ń bá èèyàn lò, bóyá rere tàbí búburú, ní ọ̀nà tí yóò mú kí èèyàn gbérí dé ipò ìmọ̀ jíjinlẹ̀ tuntun, ju àwọn ohun tí ẹ̀mí lásán ń gbé lọ, gẹ́gẹ́ bí C. Scott Littleton ṣe túmọ̀ rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Littleton |first1=C. Scott|title=Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology|year=2005|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7614-7559-0|page=378|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=3ufSStXPECkC |page=378 }} |access-date=28 June 2017 |language=en }}</ref> Ó ṣeéṣe láti pín àwọn ẹ̀sìn sí ìsọ̀rí nípa iye ọlọ́run tí wọ́n ń jọ́sìn fún. Àwọn ẹ̀sìn monotheistic gbàgbọ́ nínú ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n sábà máa ń pè ní “Ọlọ́run”. <ref>{{cite book|last1=Becking|first1=Bob|last2=Dijkstra|first2=Meindert|last3=Korpel| first3=Marjo|last4=Vriezen |first4=Karel|title=Only One God?: Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah|date=2001|publisher=New York|location=London|isbn=978-0-567-23212-0|page=189|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=eMneBAAAQBAJ|page=189}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|quote=The Christian tradition is, in imitation of Judaism, a monotheistic religion. This implies that believers accept the existence of only one God. Other deities either do not exist, are considered inferior, are seen as the product of human imagination, or are dismissed as remnants of a persistent paganism}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Korte|first1=Anne-Marie|last2=Haardt|first2=Maaike De |title= The Boundaries of Monotheism: Interdisciplinary Explorations Into the Foundations of Western Monotheism|date=2009|publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-17316-3|page=9|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-53d1iRsqDEC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Èsìn tí ó ní ọlọ́run púpọ̀ sì gbàgbọ́ nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọlọ́run. <ref>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Jeannine K.|title=Scripture as Communication: Introducing Biblical Hermeneutics|date=2007|publisher=Baker Academic|isbn= 978-0-8010-2788-8|page=72|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=5QJjyGoxEzkC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn ẹ̀sìn henotheistic gbàgbọ́ nínú Olódùmarè tàbí ọlọ́run kan tó ga jùlọ, láìṣẹ́́ àwọn ọlọ́run mìíràn, tí wọ́n kà wọ́n sí apá kan ẹ̀dá àtọ̀runwá kan náà.<ref name = routledge>{{cite book|last1=Taliaferro|first1=Charles|last2=Harrison|first2=Victoria S.|last3=Goetz|first3=Stewart|title=The Routledge Companion to Theism|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-33823-6|pages=78–79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ct7fCgAAQBAJ|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115140609/https://books.google.com/books?id=ct7fCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ross73>{{cite book |last1= Reat|first1=N. Ross|last2=Perry|first2=Edmund F.|title=A World Theology: The Central Spiritual Reality of Humankind|date=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-33159-3|pages=73–75|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vD2TJNc7NE4C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn ẹ̀sìn tí kò gbàgbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run sẹ́ ọlọ́run aláyérayé tó ga jù lọ tí ó dá ayé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n lè gbàgbọ́ nínú àwùjọ àwọn ọlọ́run tí wọ́n máa ń wà láàyè, kú, tí wọ́n sì máa ń tún wáyé bíi gbogbo ẹ̀dá mìíràn.<ref name="Keown"/>{{rp|35–37}}<ref name="Bullivant"/>{{rp|357–358}} Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀sìn tí ó ní ọlọ́run kan ni ó sábà máa ń wo Ọlọ́run wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ** alágbára gbogbo, níbi gbogbo, ọ̀mọ̀ràn gbogbo, aláàánú gbogbo, àti ayérayé<ref name="Taliaferro">{{cite book|last1=Taliaferro|first1=Charles|last2=Marty|first2=Elsa J.|title=A Dictionary of Philosophy of Religion|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=78962vlrCDcC|page=98}}|date=2010|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-1197-5|pages=98–99}}</ref><ref name="Trigger2003">{{cite book|last=Trigger|first=Bruce G.|title=Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=ZEX-yZOAG9IC||pages=473}}|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-82245-9|pages=473–474|edition=1st}}</ref> Kò sí ọ̀kankan nínú àwọn ànímọ́ wọ̀nyí tí ó ṣe kókó sí ìtumọ̀ òrìṣà (deity)<ref name=Hood>{{cite book|last=Hood|first=Robert Earl|title=Must God Remain Greek?: Afro Cultures and God-talk|year=1990|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-ceFU75KyYQC|page=128}}|publisher=Fortress Press|isbn=978-1-4514-1726-5|pages=128–29|quote=African people may describe their deities as strong, but not omnipotent; wise but not omniscient; old but not eternal; great but not omnipresent (...)}}</ref><ref name="Trigger">{{cite book|last1=Trigger|first1=Bruce G.|title=Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study|url=https://archive.org/details/understandingear0000trig|url-access=registration|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-82245-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/understandingear0000trig/page/441 441–42]|edition=1st|quote=[Historically...] people perceived far fewer differences between themselves and the gods than the adherents of modern monotheistic religions. Deities were not thought to be omniscient or omnipotent and were rarely believed to be changeless or eternal}}</ref><ref name="Murdoch">{{cite book|last=Murdoch|first=John|title=English Translations of Select Tracts, Published in India: With an Introd. Containing Lists of the Tracts in Each Language|url={{Google books |plainurl=y |id=IHQAAAAAMAAJ |page = 141 }} |year=1861|publisher=Graves |pages = 141–42 |quote = We [monotheists] find by reason and revelation that God is omniscient, omnipotent, most holy, etc., but the Hindu deities possess none of those attributes. It is mentioned in their [[Shastra]]s that their deities were all vanquished by the Asurs, while they fought in the heavens, and for fear of whom they left their abodes. This plainly shows that they are not omnipotent.}}</ref> awọn àsà oríṣiríṣi sì ti ní èrò nípa àwọn òrìṣà wọn ní ọ̀nà tó yàtọ̀tọ̀.<ref name=Hood/><ref name=Trigger/> Àwọn ẹ̀sìn tí ó gbàgbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo sábà máa ń tọ́ka sí Ọlọ́run wọn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ akọ,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kramarae|first1=Cheris|last2=Spender|first2=Dale|title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-96315-6|page=655|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=QAOUAgAAQBAJ}} |access-date=28 June 2017 |language = en }}</ref><ref name="OBrien2" />{{rp|96}} nígbà tí àwọn ẹ̀sìn mìíràn ń pe àwọn òrìṣà wọn ní onírúurú ọ̀nà — akọ, abo, akọ-abo méjèèjì tàbí ẹni tí kò ní ìbálòpọ̀ kankan(genderless).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bonnefoy|first1=Yves|title=Roman and European Mythologies |year=1992|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-06455-0|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Uf2_kHAs22sC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|pages=274–75}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Pintchman|first1=Tracy|title=Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess|date=2014|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-9049-5 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=JfXdGInecRIC}} |access-date=28 June 2017|language=en |pages=1–2, 19–20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Nathaniel|title=To Be Cared For: The Power of Conversion and Foreignness of Belonging in an Indian Slum|year=2016|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-96363-4|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=UVPQCwAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|page=xv}}</ref> Awọn àṣà púpọ̀ —títí kan àwọn ará Mesopotamia ìgbàanì, àwọn ará Egypt ìgbàanì, àwọn ará Greece ìgbàanì, àwọn ará Rome ìgbàanì, àti àwọn ẹyà [[Jẹ́mánì]] —wọ́n ti sọ àwọn nǹkan abàmì ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ di ènìyàn (ìyẹn, wọ́n ń pè wọ́n ní òrìṣà tàbí ẹ̀dá alààyè), bíi àwọn ohun tí ó ń fa ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tàbí èsì wọn pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ọ́mọ̀.<ref name="Malandra">{{cite book|last1=Malandra|first1=William W.|title=An Introduction to Ancient Iranian Religion: Readings from the Avesta and the Achaemenid Inscriptions|year=1983|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|location=Minneapolis|isbn=978-0-8166-1115-7|pages=9–10|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=nZQMrjukmboC|page=9}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Fløistad">{{cite book|last1=Fløistad|first1=Guttorm|title=Volume 10: Philosophy of Religion|year=2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media B.V.|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-90-481-3527-1|pages=19–20|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=BclABayC1QQC|page=19}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Potts|first1=Daniel T.|title=Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations|date=1997|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=978-0-8014-3339-9|pages=272–274|edition=st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=OdZS9gBu4KwC|page=272}} |access-date=22 January 2018 }}</ref> Àwọn kan lára àwọn òrìṣà Avesta àti Vedic ni wọ́n kà sí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀kọ́ ìwà rere (ethical concepts).<ref name="Malandra" /><ref name="Fløistad" /> Nínu àwọn ẹ̀sìn ilẹ̀ India, wọ́n ti fojú inú wo àwọn òrìṣà gẹ́gẹ́ bíi àwọn tí ń farahàn nínú tẹ́mpìlì ara gbogbo ẹ̀dá alààyè, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ẹ̀yà ara amọ̀kanmọ̀ràn (sensory organs) àti ọkàn.<ref>{{cite book |last = Potter |first = Karl H. |title = The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 3: Advaita Vedanta up to Samkara and His Pupils |year=2014|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-5651-0|pages=272–74 |url={{Google books |plainurl=y |id=Ydf_AwAAQBAJ |page=272 }} |access-date=28 June 2017 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Olivelle|first=Patrick|title=The Samnyasa Upanisads: Hindu Scriptures on Asceticism and Renunciation.|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-536137-7|page=47 |url={{Google books |plainurl=y |id=fB8uneM7q1cC |page=47 }} |access-date=28 June 2017 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cush|first1=Denise|last2=Robinson|first2=Catherine|last3=York|first3=Michael|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-1-135-18979-2 |pages=899–900 |url = {{Google books |plainurl=y |id=kzPgCgAAQBAJ |page=899 }} |access-date=28 June 2017 |language=en }}</ref> Wọ́n fojú inú wo àwọn òrìṣà gẹ́gẹ́ bí irú ìwàláàyè kan (Saṃsāra) lẹ́yìn ìtúnwáyé (rebirth), fún àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́wọ̀n nípasẹ̀ ìwà rere. Níbi náà ni wọ́n ti di àwọn òrìṣà olùṣọ́ (guardian deities) tí ń gbé tayọ̀tayọ̀ ní ọ̀run (heaven), ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún lè kú bí wọ́n bá pàdánù agbára tàbí ọlá wọn. ==Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ọ̀rọ̀== Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ''deity'' wá láti orí ọ̀rọ̀ ''deité'' nínú èdè Faransé àtijọ́,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hoad|first1=T. F.|title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology|date=2008|publisher=Paw Prints|isbn=978-1-4395-0571-7|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=CDaPuAAACAAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Èdè Látìn (Latin) deitatem (ìpò-orúkọ deitas) túmọ̀ sí “ìwà-àtọ̀runwá” (divine nature), tí Augustine ti Hippo dá sílẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ deus (“Ọlọ́run”). Ọ̀rọ̀ Deus ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú deiwos nípasẹ̀ orísun gbogbogbò Èdè Proto-Indo-European (PIE).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=deity |title=Online Etymology Dictionary – Deity |publisher=Etymonline.com |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=18 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818174000/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=deity |url-status=live }}</ref> Oríṣun yìí ló bí ọ̀rọ̀ ilẹ̀ Íńdíà ìgbàanì Deva, tí ó túmọ̀ sí "láti tàn, ẹni tí ń tàn," láti ọ̀dọ̀ div- "láti tàn"; bákan náà ni ó tún bí ọ̀rọ̀ Gíríìkì dios "àtọ̀runwá" àti Zeus; àti ọ̀rọ̀ Látìnì deus "ọlọ́run" (Látìnì àtijọ́ deivos).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=deva&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary – Deva |publisher=Etymonline.com |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=18 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818214335/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=deva&searchmode=none |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="etymonline1">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Zeus&allowed_in_frame=0 |title=Online Etymology Dictionary – Zeus |publisher=Etymonline.com |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=18 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173500/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Zeus&allowed_in_frame=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mallory"/>{{rp|230–31}} Deva jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀ akọ (masculine), àti pé èyí tí ó bá a tan tí ó jẹ́ obìnrin (feminine equivalent) ni devi.<ref name="Monier-Williams"/>{{rp|496}} Nípa ìmọ̀-ìbéèrè-pínlẹ̀-ọ̀rọ̀ (Etymologically), àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó jẹ́ orígun kan náà (cognates) fún Devi ni ọ̀rọ̀ Látìnì dea àti ọ̀rọ̀ Gíríìkì thea.<ref name="HawleyWulff1998">{{cite book|last1=Hawley|first1=John Stratton|last2=Wulff|first2=Donna M.|title=Devī: Goddesses of India|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=CZrV3kOpMt0C|page=2}}|year=1998|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1491-2|pages=2, 18–21|edition=1st}}</ref> Nínú èdè Pásíà Àtijọ́ (Old Persian), ọ̀rọ̀ {{lang|peo-latn|daiva-}} túmọ̀ sí "ẹ̀mí èṣù" (demon) tàbí "ọlọ́run burúkú" (evil god),<ref name="etymonline1" /> Ṣùgbọ́n nínú èdè Sanskrit, ó túmọ̀ sí ìyàtọ̀ rẹ̀ pátápátá (the opposite), ó ń tọ́ka sí "àwọn nǹkan ti ọ̀run, àtọ̀runwá, àwọn ohun orí ilẹ̀ tí ó tayọ̀ gidigidi, àwọn ẹni gíga, àwọn tí ń tàn".<ref name="Monier-Williams"/>{{rp|496}}<ref name="Klostermaier">{{cite book|last=Klostermaier|first=Klaus K.|title=Survey of Hinduism, A: Third Edition|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8CVviRghVtIC|page=101}}|date=2010|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-8011-3|pages=101–102|edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name="Mallory2">{{cite book|last1=Mallory|first1=J.P.|last2=Adams|first2=D.Q.|title=The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-928791-8|pages=418–23|edition=Reprint|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=iNUSDAAAQBAJ|page=418}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Douglas Harper ti sọ, ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ tímọ́tímọ́ náà "ọlọ́run" (god) ń tọ́ka sí "Ẹni-gíga-jùlọ" (supreme being) tàbí "òrìṣà" (deity),<ref name="Etymonline">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=god&allowed_in_frame=0 |title=Online Etymology Dictionary –\ God |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730023014/http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=god&allowed_in_frame=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> tí ó sì wá láti Èdè Proto-Germanic guthan, láti Èdè Proto-Indo-European ghut-, èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí “ohun tí a ń pè sókè.Guth nínú Èdè Irish túmọ̀ sí “ohùn”. Ọ̀rọ̀ ghut- náà ni orísun Èdè Old Church Slavonic zovo (“pè”), àti Èdè Sanskrit huta- (“ti a pè sí”, orúkọ ìyìn fún Indra), láti gbòngbò gheu(e)- (“pè” tàbí “ké sí”).<ref name="Etymonline"/> Ìtúmọ̀ míì fún ọ̀rọ̀ “god” wá láti Èdè Proto-Germanic Gaut, tí ó ń tọ́pa rẹ̀ dé gbòngbò Èdè Proto-Indo-European ghu-to- (“tí a tú”), tí a sì fà láti gbòngbò gheu- (“tú” tàbí “tú ẹbọ wáìnì sílẹ̀ fún àwọn òrìṣà”).Ọ̀rọ̀ gheu- náà ni orísun ọ̀rọ̀ Giriki khein, tí ó túmọ̀ sí “tú”.<ref name="Etymonline"/> Ni ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, ọ̀rọ̀ "ọlọ́run" (god) àti àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ Jẹ́mánì mìíràn tí ó jọra rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ aláìsí-akọ-abo (neuter nouns), ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n yí padà sí jíjẹ́ akọ lápapọ̀ lábẹ́ ipa ẹ̀sìn Kírìstẹ́nì, nínú èyí tí a sábà máa ń ka ọlọ́run sí akọ.<ref name="Mallory"/>{{rp|230–231}}<ref name="Etymonline"/> Ṣùgbọ́n ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, gbogbo àwọn àṣà àti ìtàn-àròsọ Indo-European ìgbàanì mọ akọ àti abo òrìṣà méjèèjì.<ref name="Mallory2"/> ==Àwọn Ìtumọ̀== [[File:NASA-HS201427a-HubbleUltraDeepField2014-20140603.jpg|thumb|Àwọn onígbàgbọ́ Pantheist gbà pé àgbáyé fúnra rẹ̀ àti ohun gbogbo tí ó wà nínú rẹ̀ jẹ́ ẹ̀dá kan ṣoṣo, òrìṣà tí ó bo gbogbo nǹkan mọ́lẹ̀.<ref name="Pearsall">{{cite book|last1=Pearsall|first1=Judy|title=The New Oxford Dictionary Of English|date=1998|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-861263-6|page=1341|edition=1st}}</ref><ref name="Edwards">{{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=Paul|title=Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofph08edwa|url-access=registration|date=1967|publisher=Macmillan|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofph08edwa/page/34 34]}}</ref>]] Kò sí ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ tí gbogbo àgbáyé gbà pé ó tọ̀nà lórí ohun tí òrìṣà jẹ́,àwọn èrò lórí òrìṣà sì yàtọ̀ púpọ̀ láàárín àwọn àṣà oríṣiríṣi.<ref name="OBrien2"/>{{rp|69–74}}<ref name="Encyclopedia of Linguistics">{{cite book|last1=Strazny|first1=Philipp|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-45522-4|page=1046|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604114946/https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|url-status=live}}</ref> Huw Owen sọ pé ọ̀rọ̀ náà "òrìṣà tàbí ọlọ́run tàbí èyí tí ó bá a dọ́gba ní àwọn èdè mìíràn"ní onírúurú ìtumọ̀ àti ìjìnnìyànlẹ̀ tí ó ń yanilẹ́nu (bewildering range).<ref name="Owen"/>{{rp|vii-ix}} Ó ti fẹ̀ láti "Ẹni àìlópin tí ó ré kọjá gbogbo nǹkan tí ó dá àgbáyé àti tí ó jẹ́ Olúwa rẹ̀" (Ọlọ́run), títí dé "ẹ̀dá kan tí ó ní òpin tàbí ìrírí, pẹ̀lú ìjìnnìyànlẹ̀ pàtàkì tàbí èyí tí ń ru ìmọ̀lára pàtàkì sókè" (ọlọ́run), títí dé "èrò kan nínú èsìn tàbí ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí tí ó jẹ mọ́ ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ tàbí àwọn ẹ̀dá tí a ti sọ di títóbi tàbí agbègbè tí ó ré kọjá ayé", títí kan "ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìlò mìíràn".<ref name="Owen"/>{{rp|vii–ix}} A sábà máa ń ro òrìṣà gẹ́gẹ́ bí èrò tí ó ré kọjá ti ẹ̀dá (supernatural) tàbí ti àtọ̀runwá (divine concept), tí ó ń farahàn nínú àwọn èrò àti ìmọ̀, nínú àwọ̀ kan tí ó parapọ̀ jẹ́ átayọ nínú apá kan tàbí gbogbo apá, tí ó ń bá àìlera àti àwọn ìbéèrè jà ní apá mìíràn, tí ó jẹ́ akọni nínú ìwòye àti ìṣe, síbẹ̀ tí ó so mọ́ àwọn ìmọ̀lára àti ìfẹ́-ọkàn.<ref name=Gupta>{{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Bina|last2=Gupta|first2=Professor of Philosophy and Director South Asia Language Area Center Bina|title=An Introduction to Indian Philosophy: Perspectives on Reality, Knowledge, and Freedom|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-WepAgAAQBAJ|page=21}}|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-65310-0|pages=21–25}}</ref><ref name="Gupta2012">{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Bina|title=An Introduction to Indian Philosophy: Perspectives on Reality, Knowledge, and Freedom|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=2mmpAgAAQBAJ|page=88}}|year= 2012|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-65309-4|pages=88–96}}</ref> Nínú àwọn ọ̀nà mìíràn, òrìṣà jẹ́ ìlànà tàbí òtítọ́ kan bí èrò ti "ọkàn" (soul). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn Upanishads ti ẹ̀sìn Híńdú (Hinduism) ṣàpèjúwe Atman (ọkàn,ara ẹni) gẹ́gẹ́ bíi deva (òrìṣà), nípa bẹ́ẹ̀ ni wọ́n ń fi hàn pé deva àti ìlànà gíga jùlọ ayérayé (Brahman) jẹ́ apá kan gbogbo ẹ̀dá alààyè, pé ọkàn yìí jẹ́ ti ẹ̀mí àti ti àtọ̀runwá, àti pé mímọ ìmọ̀-ara-ẹni ni mímọ ẹni gíga jùlọ náà.<ref name="Cohen2008">{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Signe|title=Text and Authority in the Older Upaniṣads|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=dUKwCQAAQBAJ|page=40}}|date=2008|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-474-3363-7|pages=40, 219–220, 243–244}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Fowler|first1=Jeaneane|title=Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices|date=1997|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|location=Brighton|isbn=978-1-898723-60-8|pages=10, 17–18, 114–118, 132–133, 149|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=RmGKHu20hA0C|page=10}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Choon Kim|first1=Yong|last2=Freeman|first2=David H.|title=Oriental Thought: An Introduction to the Philosophical and Religious Thought of Asia|date=1981|publisher=Littlefield, Adams and Company|location=Totowa, NJ|isbn=978-0-8226-0365-8|pages=15–19|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=omwMQA_DUVEC|page=15}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ìgbàgbọ́-nínú-Ọlọ́run (Theism) jẹ́ ìgbàgbọ́ nínú ìwàláyé òrìṣà kan tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite web|title=the definition of theism|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/theism?|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=12 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212143951/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/theism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=theism|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theism|website=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=14 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514194441/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theism|url-status=live}}</ref> Polytheism jẹ́ ìgbàgbọ́ nínú àti ìjọsìn fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òrìṣà,<ref name="Libbrecht"/> wọ́n sì sábà máa ń kó wọn jọ sínú àkójọpọ̀ òrìṣà (pantheon) ti àwọn ọlọ́run akọ àti abo, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìṣe ìsìn (rituals) tí ó tẹ̀lé e. <ref name="Libbrecht">{{cite book|last=Libbrecht |first=Ulrich|title=Within the Four Seas: Introduction to Comparative Philosophy|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=rmT3ZHGxJPgC|page=42}}|year=2007|publisher= Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1812-2|page=42}}</ref> Nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀sìn pọlitíìsìn (polytheistic religions), àwọn ọlọ́run akọ àti abo oríṣiríṣi jẹ́ àwòrán àwọn ipá ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ tàbí àwọn ìlànà bàbáńlá, a sì lè wò wọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn tí ó dá dúró (autonomous) tàbí gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan tàbí àwọn ìfàkalẹ̀ ti Ọlọ́run tó dá nǹkan tàbí ìlànà àbùdá tí ó ré kọjá (transcendental absolute principle) àwọn ẹ̀kọ́-Ọlọ́run-kan-ṣoṣo (monistic theologies), èyí tí ó ń farahàn lọ́nà tí ó wà nínúu nǹkan (immanently) nínú ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀.<ref name="Libbrecht"/> Hénotẹ́ísìn (Henotheism) gbà pé òrìṣà kan tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ wà, ṣùgbọ́n ó ka gbogbo àwọn òrìṣà sí àwòrán tí ó dọ́gba tàbí apá kan ìlànà àtọ̀runwá kan náà, èyí tí ó ga jùlọ.<ref name=ross73/><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/monotheism Monotheism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229113308/https://www.britannica.com/topic/monotheism |date=29 December 2017 }} and [https://www.britannica.com/topic/polytheism Polytheism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111205729/https://www.britannica.com/topic/polytheism |date=11 November 2020 }}, Encyclopædia Britannica;<br />{{cite book|author=Louis Shores|title=Collier's Encyclopedia: With Bibliography and Index|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2maKFG4CpMC|year=1963|publisher=Crowell-Collier Publishing|page=179|access-date=29 January 2018|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831002206/https://books.google.com/books?id=E2maKFG4CpMC|url-status=live}}, Quote: "While admitting a plurality of gods, henotheism at the same time affirms the paramount position of some one divine principle."</ref><ref name = routledge/><ref>{{cite book|author=Rangar Cline|title=Ancient Angels: Conceptualizing Angeloi in the Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pZHD6JtR_sC|year=2011|publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=978-90-04-19453-3|pages=40–41|access-date=29 January 2018|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427062942/https://books.google.com/books?id=-pZHD6JtR_sC|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìgbàgbọ́-ọlọ́run-kan-ṣoṣo (Monolatry) jẹ́ ìgbàgbọ́ náà pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òrìṣà ló wà, ṣùgbọ́n pé òrìṣà kan péré lára wọn ni a lè sìn tọ̀wọ̀tọ̀wọ̀.<ref>{{cite book|last=Eakin|first=Frank Jr.|title=The Religion and Culture of Israel|location=Boston|publisher=Allyn and Bacon|date=1971|page=70}}, Quote: "Monolatry: The recognition of the existence of many gods but the consistent worship of one deity".</ref><ref>{{citation |author-link= Bruce R. McConkie |first= Bruce R. |last= McConkie |title= Mormon Doctrine |edition= 2nd |location= Salt Lake City, UT |publisher= Bookcraft |year= 1979 |page= 351|title-link= Mormon Doctrine }}</ref> Ìgbàgbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo ni Monotheism.<ref>{{Cite book |publisher=[[Hutchinson Encyclopedia]] (12th edition) |title= Monotheism |page=644}}</ref><ref name="odccmono">Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Monotheism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Wainwright|first1=William|title=Monotheism|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/monotheism/|website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=22 January 2018|date=2013|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407040931/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/monotheism/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Van Baaren|first1=Theodorus P.|title=Monotheism|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/monotheism|website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229113308/https://www.britannica.com/topic/monotheism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=monotheism|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/monotheism|website=Oxford Dictionaries|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=3 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903165202/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/monotheism|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=monotheism|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/monotheism|website=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=14 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114070404/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/monotheism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=monotheism|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/monotheism|website=[[Cambridge English Dictionary]]|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=9 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109193832/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/monotheism|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo (tí a tún mọ̀ sí "Ọlọ́run" nínú èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì) ni a sábà máa ń ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ó: ní agbára gbogbo (omnipotent), wà níbikíbi (omnipresent), mọ gbogbo nǹkan (omniscient), ní inú rere púpọ̀ (omnibenevolent), àti pé ó wà títí ayérayé (eternal/everlasting). <ref name="Swinburne">[[Richard Swinburne|Swinburne, R.G.]] "God" in [[Ted Honderich|Honderich, Ted]] (editor). ''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', [[Oxford University Press]], 1995.</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, kì í ṣe gbogbo òrìṣà ni a ti bu ọlá fún ní ọ̀nà yìí<ref name=Hood/><ref name="Murdoch"/><ref name="Beck2005">{{cite book|last1=Beck|first1=Guy L.|title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity|date=2005|publisher=State University of New York Press|location= Albany|isbn= 978-0-7914-6415-1| page=169, note 11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=George M.|title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology|date= 2008|publisher= Oxford University Press|location= Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-533261-2|pages=24–35|edition=Reprint}}</ref> Kì í sì í ṣe dandan kí òrìṣà jẹ́ ẹni tí ó lágbára jùlọ, tí ó wà níbi gbogbo, tí ó mọ ohun gbogbo, tí ó nífẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo èèyàn tàbí tí ó wà títí ayérayé kí a tó pè é ní òrìṣà. <ref name=Hood/><ref name="Murdoch"/><ref name="Beck2005"/> Deism (Ìgbàgbọ́ Nínú Ọlọ́run Onídàájọ́ṣe) jẹ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ìgbàgbọ́ pé òrìṣà kan ṣoṣo ló wà, ẹni tó dá àgbáyé, àmọ́ tí kì í fi bẹ́ẹ̀ dá sí ọ̀rọ̀ ayé tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Manuel|first1=Frank Edward|last2=Pailin|first2=David A.|title=Deism|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156154/Deism|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|date=1999|quote=In general, Deism refers to what can be called natural religion, the acceptance of a certain body of religious knowledge that is inborn in every person or that can be acquired by the use of reason and the rejection of religious knowledge when it is acquired through either revelation or the teaching of any church.|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501053700/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156154/Deism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kohler|first1=Kaufmann|last2=Hirsch|first2=Emil G.|title=DEISM|url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5049-deism|website=Jewish Encyclopedia|access-date=22 January 2018|date=1906|quote=DEISM: A system of belief which posits God's existence as the cause of all things, and admits His perfection, but rejects Divine revelation and government, proclaiming the all-sufficiency of natural laws.|archive-date=9 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109235415/http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5049-deism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kurian|first1=George Thomas|title=The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization|date=2008|publisher=Blackwell|location=Malden, MA|isbn=978-0-470-67060-6|quote=Deism is a rationalistic, critical approach to theism with an emphasis on natural theology. The Deists attempted to reduce religion to what they regarded as its most foundational, rationally justifiable elements. Deism is not, strictly speaking, the teaching that God wound up the world like a watch and let it run on its own, though that teaching was embraced by some within the movement.}}</ref>Deism jẹ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ìgbàgbọ́ pé òrìṣà kan ṣoṣo ló wà, ẹni tó dá àgbáyé, àmọ́ tí kì í fi bẹ́ẹ̀ dá sí ọ̀rọ̀ ayé tó tẹ̀lé e. <ref>{{cite book|last1=Thomsett|first1=Michael C.|title=Heresy in the Roman Catholic Church: A History|date=2011|publisher=McFarland & Co.|location=Jefferson|isbn=978-0-7864-8539-0|page=222|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=LDbhV7u1_yIC}}|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Wilson|first1=Ellen Judy|last2=Reill|first2=Peter Hanns|title=Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment|date=2004|publisher=Facts On File|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8160-5335-3|pages=146–158|edition=Revised|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=t1pQ4YG-TDIC}}|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Ìgbàgbọ́ pé gbogbo àgbáyé fúnra rẹ̀ ni Ọlọ́run<ref name="Pearsall"/> Ọlọ́run wà nínú ohun gbogbo, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni ohun gbogbo wà nínu rẹ̀.<ref name="Edwards"/> Ìgbàgbọ́ Pandeism ni pé lẹ́hìn tí Ọlọ́run dá àgbáyé tán, ó parapọ̀ di àgbáyé náà, kò sì sí Ọlọ́run mìíràn lẹ́yìn àgbáyé mọ́.<ref>{{cite book|author = Sal Restivo|author-link = Sal Restivo|title = Society and the Death of God|year = 2021|isbn = 978-0-3676-3764-4|publisher = [[Routledge]]|chapter = The End of God and the Beginning of Inquiry|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ST4oEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA123|page = 123|quote = In the pandeism argument, an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God creates the universe and in the process becomes the universe and loses his powers to intervene in human affairs.|access-date = 25 April 2021|archive-date = 25 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210425040608/https://books.google.com/books?id=ST4oEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA123|url-status = live}}</ref> Panentheism jẹ́ ìgbàgbọ́ pé Ọlọ́run (àti àwọn òrìṣà) gba gbogbo àgbáyé kan, àmọ́ tí ó sì tún ré kọjá àgbáyé náà.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fahlbusch|first1=Erwin|last2=Bromiley|first2=Geoffrey William|title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity|date=2005|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]|location=Grand Rapids, MI|isbn=978-0-8028-2416-5|page=21|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=sCY4sAjTGIYC|page=21}}|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en}}</ref> Agnosticism jẹ́ ipò tí ó sọ pé kò ṣeéṣe láti mọ̀ dájúdájú bóyá Ọlọ́run tàbí irú òrìṣà kankan wà.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Borchert|first1=Donald M.|title=The Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=2006|publisher=Macmillan Reference|location=Detroit|isbn=978-0-02-865780-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofph0000unse/page/92 92]|edition=2nd|quote=In the most general use of the term, agnosticism is the view that we do not know whether there is a God or not.|title-link=Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Craig|first1=Edward|last2=Floridi|first2=Luciano|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=1998|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-07310-3|page=112|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=VQ-GhVWTH84C|page=122}}|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|quote=In the popular sense, an agnostic is someone who neither believes nor disbelieves in God, whereas an atheist disbelieves in God. In the strict sense, however, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist. In so far as one holds that our beliefs are rational only if they are sufficiently supported by human reason, the person who accepts the philosophical position of agnosticism will hold that neither the belief that God exists nor the belief that God does not exist is rational.}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |dictionary=OED Online, 3rd ed. |entry=agnostic, agnosticism |publisher=Oxford University Press |date= 2012 <!--|access-date=22 July 2013--> |quote='''agnostic'''. : '''A'''. n[oun]. :# A person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of immaterial things, especially of the existence or nature of God. :# In extended use: a person who is not persuaded by or committed to a particular point of view; a sceptic. Also: person of indeterminate ideology or conviction; an equivocator. : '''B.''' adj[ective]. :# Of or relating to the belief that the existence of anything beyond and behind material phenomena is unknown and (as far as can be judged) unknowable. Also: holding this belief. :# a. In extended use: not committed to or persuaded by a particular point of view; sceptical. Also: politically or ideologically unaligned; non-partisan, equivocal. '''agnosticism''' n. The doctrine or tenets of agnostics with regard to the existence of anything beyond and behind material phenomena or to knowledge of a First Cause or God.}}</ref> Atheism jẹ́ àìgbàgbọ́ nínú wíwà Ọlọ́run rárá.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Draper|first1=Paul|title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|year=2017|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2017|chapter-url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism/#1|access-date=22 January 2018|chapter=Atheism and Agnosticism|archive-date=11 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211005616/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism/#1|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ìtàn Ṣáájú== [[File:Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük on black background.jpg|thumb|upright|Ère obìnrin ìhòhò tí ó jókòó, tí àwọn eranko bíi tìgíǹná méjì wà lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ rẹ̀, láti Çatalhöyük, tó jẹ́ ti ayé ọdún bíi 6000 ṣáájú ìbí Kristi (BCE), tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn awalẹ̀pètú (onímọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ ohun àtijọ́) rò pé ó ń ṣàfihàn òrìṣà obìnrin kan.<ref name=mellart181>{{cite book | first = James | last = Mellaart |year = 1967 | title = Catal Huyuk: A Neolithic Town in Anatolia | publisher = [[McGraw-Hill]] | pages = 181}}</ref><ref>A typical assessment: "A terracotta statuette of a seated (mother) goddess giving birth with each hand on the head of a leopard or panther from Çatalhöyük (dated around 6000 B.C.E.)" (Sarolta A. Takács, "Cybele and Catullus' ''Attis''", in Eugene N. Lane, ''Cybele, Attis and related cults: essays in memory of M.J. Vermaseren'' 1996:376.</ref>]] {{Further|Prehistoric religion}} Àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé (scholars) máa ń fẹnu ko ṣeeṣe wíwà àwọn òrìṣà (deities) ní àkókò ìgbà pípẹ́ sẹ́yìn (prehistoric period) látinú àwọn àkọlé àti iṣẹ́-ọnà ìgbàani (prehistoric arts) bíi àwọn yíyà àwòrán inú ihò àpáta (cave drawings). Sibẹsibẹ, kò yé wa dáadáa ohun tí àwọn àwòrán wọ̀nyí jẹ́ tàbí ìdí tí wọ́n fi ṣe wọ́n.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brooks|first1=Philip|title=The Story of Prehistoric Peoples|date=2012|publisher=Rosen Central|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4488-4790-7|pages=22–23|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=exY3ViA3sSQC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn àwòrán fínfín tàbí àwọn yíyà àwòrán kan fi àwọn ẹranko, àwọn ọdẹ tàbí àwọn ìṣe ìsìn (rituals) hàn.<ref name="Ruether">{{cite book|last1=Ruether|first1=Rosemary Radford|title=Goddesses and the Divine Feminine: A Western Religious History|date=2006|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, CA|isbn=978-0-520-25005-5|page=3|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=mb_her-hd9YC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ó ti wọ́pọ̀ fún àwọn awalẹ̀pìtàn (archaeologists) láti túmọ̀ ère gbogbo obìnrin ìgbà pípẹ́ sẹ́yìn gbogbo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòrán òrìṣà kan ṣoṣo, ìyẹn òrìṣà ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ (primordial goddess), baba ńlá àwọn òrìṣà tí a mọ̀ nípa wọn nínú ìtàn (historically attested) bíi Inanna, Ishtar, Astarte, Cybele, àti Aphrodite.<ref name="Lesure">{{cite book|last1=Lesure|first1=Richard G.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Figurines|date=2017|editor-last=Insoll|editor-first=Timothy|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-967561-6|pages=54–58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TdKdDgAAQBAJ&q=prehistoric+deities&pg=PA55|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831002220/https://books.google.com/books?id=TdKdDgAAQBAJ&q=prehistoric+deities&pg=PA55|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìlànà ìwòyí ti di ẹni tí a ti kọ́ lónìí.<ref name="Lesure"/> Àwọn awalẹ̀pìtàn òde òní ti wá gbà pé kò lè ṣeéṣe láti fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ dájú pé àwọn ère kékeré ìgbà pípẹ́ sẹ́yìn dúró fún irúfẹ́ òrìṣà èyíkéyìí, àní àwọn òrìṣà obìnrin pàápàá.<ref name="Lesure"/> Síbẹ̀, ó ṣeé ṣe láti ṣàyẹ̀wò àwòrán àtijọ́ kọọkan lọ́nà àtọ̀ọ̀tọ̀, kí a sì ṣe àfihàn bí ó ṣe ṣeé ṣe kó jẹ́ pé wọ́n ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ àwọn òrìṣà.<ref name="Lesure"/> Àwọn kan ti túmọ̀ Venus ti Willendorf, tí wọ́n rí nílẹ̀ Yúróòpù, tí wọ́n sì sọ pé ó ti wà ní nǹkan bí ẹ̀ẹ́dẹ́gbẹ̀ta lẹ́gbẹ̀ta (25,000) ọdún kí àkókò tí a ń kàwé bẹ̀rẹ̀ (BCE) gẹ́gẹ́ bí àpẹẹrẹ òrìṣà obìnrin ìgbà pípẹ́ sẹ́yìn.<ref name="Ruether"/> Wọ́n ti ṣàwárí iye kan àwọn àwòrán tí ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn aṣojú òrìṣà tàbí òrìṣà ní Ain Ghazal.<ref name="Lesure"/> Àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà tí wọ́n ṣàwárí ní Çatalhöyük fi àwọn ìtọ́kasí hàn sí ohun tí ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ ìtàn àròsọ tí ó kún fún àlàyé.<ref name="Lesure"/> ==Àwọn ẹ̀sìn àti àṣà== ===Áfíríkà tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ aṣálẹ̀ Sàhárà=== [[File:Musée africain Lyon 130909 02.jpg|thumb|upright=0.55|Òrìṣà Yorùbá láti Nàìjíríà]]Àwọn àṣà Áfíríkà oríṣiríṣi dá ẹ̀kọ́ ìsìn àti àwọn èrò ti òrìṣà kalẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìtàn wọn. Ní [[Nàìjíríà]] àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó wà ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà, fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn òrìṣà pàtàkì méjì (tí wọ́n ń pè ní 'Òrìṣà' ní àdúgbò)<ref name="Osun">{{cite book|last1=Murphy|first1=Joseph M.|last2=Sanford|first2=Mei-Mei|title=Osun across the Waters: A Yoruba Goddess in Africa and the Americas|date=2002|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|isbn=978-0-253-10863-0|pages=1–8|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=XIx0TjQb8yEC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ni a rí nínú ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, pàtàkì jùlọ òrìṣà Ọ̀gún àti òrìṣà Ọ̀ṣun<ref name="Osun"/> Ọ̀gún jẹ́ òrìṣà akọ tótunwá, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni ó tún jẹ́ aláàbò gbogbo iṣẹ́-ọwọ́ bíi pípèsè àwọn ohun èlò, iṣẹ́ irin, ọdẹ, ogun, ààbò àti gbígbé òdodo àti ìdájọ́ gangan kalẹ̀.<ref name="Barnes">{{cite book|last1=Barnes|first1=Sandra T.|title=Africa's Ogun: Old World and New|date=1997|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, IN|isbn=978-0-253-21083-8|pages=ix–x, 1–3, 59, 132–134, 199–200|edition=2nd|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8OWjkR-1btMC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Juang|first1=Richard M.|last2=Morrissette|first2=Noelle|title=Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History|date=2007|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|isbn=978-1-85109-441-7|pages=843–44|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=wFrAOqfhuGYC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ọ̀ṣun jẹ́ òrìṣà abo tótunwá tó lágbára bákan náà, àti aláàbò onígun mẹ́ta ti irúgbìn, omi, ìlera ìyá, ìbáṣepọ̀ àwùjọ, ìfẹ́ àti àlàáfíà. <ref name="Osun"/> Àwọn ìṣe Ọ̀gún àti Ọ̀ṣun ni wọ́n gbé wá sí ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà nínú ọkọ̀ ẹrú. Àwọn ará Áfíríkà tọ́jú wọn dáradára sí àwọn àdúgbò oko ẹrú wọn, àwọn àjọ̀dún wọn sì ń báa lọ títí di òní.<ref name="Osun"/><ref name="Barnes"/> Nínú àwọn àṣà Gúsù Áfíríkà, ìdàpọ̀ òrìṣà akọ-abo kan náà ti farahàn ní àwọn ọ̀nà mìíràn, pàápàá gẹ́gẹ́ bí òrìṣà Òṣùpá àti Oòrùn.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Andrews|first1=Tamra|title=Dictionary of Nature Myths: Legends of the Earth, Sea, and Sky|date=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-513677-7|pages=6–7|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=7jS65aClvFEC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ọ̀kan nínú ẹ̀kọ́ ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ Gúsù Áfíríkà ni Hieseba tàbí Xuba (òrìṣà/ọlọ́run), Gaune (ẹ̀mí èṣù) àti Khuene (ènìyàn).Hieseba yìí pẹ̀lú Nladiba (ọkùnrin, ọlọ́run ọ̀run tó dá ayé) àti Nladisara (obìnrin, Nladisara méjèèjì.Wọ́n ń ka òrìṣà Oòrùn (obìnrin) àti Òṣùpá (ọkùnrin) sí àwọn ọmọ Nladiba àti àwọn Nladisara méjèèjì.Wọ́n ń ka Oòrùn àti Òṣùpá sí bí Ọlọ́run títóbi náà ṣe fara hàn, ìjọsìn wọn sì jẹ́ èyí tí a ṣètò àkókò rẹ̀ tí a sì darí rẹ̀ sí wọn.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Barnard|first1=Alan|title=Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa: A Comparative Ethnography of the Khoisan Peoples|date=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-42865-1|pages=87–88, 153–155, 252–256|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=2nBx83jMc48C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Nínú àwọn àṣà Áfíríkà mìíràn, wọ́n ń ka Oòrùn sí akọ, nígbà tí Òṣùpá jẹ́ abo, àwọn méjèèjì sì jẹ́ àmì ìwà-ọlọ́run náà.<ref name="Lynch"/>{{rp|199–120}} Ní Zimbabwe, Ọlọ́run títóbi náà jẹ́ alákòóso méjì (akọ àti abo) pẹ̀lú àwọn apá kan akọ-abo, tí a fi ojú inú wò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ń fúnni ní òjò, tí a sì ń bá lò ní àkókò kan náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọlọ́run òkùnkùn àti ìmọ́lẹ̀, a sì ń pè é ní Mwari Shona.<ref name="Lynch"/>{{rp|89}} Ní agbègbè Adágún Victoria, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ fún òrìṣà ni Lubaale, tàbí Jok pẹ̀lú.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Makward|first1=Edris|last2=Lilleleht|first2=Mark|last3=Saber|first3=Ahmed|title=North-south Linkages and Connections in Continental and Diaspora African Literatures|date=2004|publisher=Africa World|location=Trenton, NJ|isbn=978-1-59221-157-9|pages=302–04|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=zGUcI99zssYC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ===Ìlà Oòrùn Ayé Àtijọ́=== ====ilẹ̀ Égípítì==== [[File:La Tombe de Horemheb cropped.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán inú ibojì àwọn ará Égípítì ìgbàanì tí ó fi àwọn òrìṣà bíi Osiris, Anubis, àti Horus hàn, àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ lára àwọn òrìṣà pàtàkì nínú ẹ̀sìn Égípítì ìgbàanì.<ref name="Pinch"/>]] [[Ancient Egypt]]ian Àṣà ìgbàanì náà bọ̀wọ̀ fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òrìṣà. Àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ àti àwọn àrokò ilẹ̀ Égípítì kàwé orúkọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn tí a kò mọ irú wọn tàbí ipò wọn, wọ́n sì tún sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn òrìṣà mìíràn tí a kò dárúkọ wọn ní kedere.<ref name="Wilkinson1"/>{{rp|73}} Gbajúgbajà onímọ̀ nípa Égípítì, James P. Allen, fojú bù ú pé ó ju ẹ̀ẹ́dẹ́gbẹ̀jọ (1,400) òrìṣà lọ tí a dárúkọ wọn nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ Égípítì,<ref name="Allen">{{cite journal|last1=Allen|first1=James P.|author-link=James Peter Allen|title=Monotheism: The Egyptian Roots|journal=Archaeology Odyssey|date=Jul–Aug 1999|volume=2|issue=3|pages=44–54, 59}}</ref> Christian Leitz, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, sọ pé 'ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún púpọ̀' àwọn òrìṣà ni ó wà níbẹ̀.<ref name="Johnston"/>{{rp|393–394}} Their terms for deities were ''nṯr'' (god), and feminine ''nṯrt'' (goddess);<ref name="Baines"/>{{rp|42}} Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí wọ́n ń lò fún òrìṣà ni nṯr (ọlọ́run) àti abo rẹ̀, nṯrt (ọlọ́run bìnrin).Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ wọ̀nyí tún lè tọ́ka sí ẹ̀dá èyíkéyí — àwọn ẹ̀mí àti àwọn ènìyàn tí ó ti kú, ṣùgbọ́n tí kì í ṣe àwọn ẹ̀mí èṣù — tí wọ́n wà ní ìta àyíká ìgbésí ayé ojoojúmọ́ àwọn Òrìṣà.<ref name="Assmann"/>{{rp|216}}<ref name="Baines"/>{{rp|62}} Égípítì sábàá máa ń ní àjọṣe pẹ̀lú ìjọsìn, ipa, àti àwọn ìtàn àròsọ tiwọn<ref name="Assmann"/>{{rp|7–8, 83}} Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó igba (200) òrìṣà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ nínú àwọn Pyramid Texts àti àwọn tẹ́mpìlì ìgbàanì ti Égípítì, púpọ̀ nínú wọn ni wọ́n ní ìrísí ẹranko (zoomorphic). Lára àwọn wọ̀nyí ni Min (Òrìṣà oore-ọ̀fọ̀ àti irúgbìn), Neith (òrìṣàbìnrin tó dá ayé), Anubis, Atum, Bes, Horus, Isis, Ray, Meretseger, Nut, Osiris, Shu, Sia àti Thoth.<ref name="Pinch"/>{{rp|11–12}} Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn òrìṣà Égípítì ló dúró fún àwọn ohun àdámọ́, àwọn ohun tí ó wà ní ti gidi tàbí àwọn apá kan ti ìgbésí ayé àwùjọ, bíi àwọn agbára ìwà nínú tí ó fara sin sí àárín àwọn ohun àdámọ́ wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Allen|first1=James P.|title=Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs|date=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-521-77483-3|pages=43–45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dunand|first1=Françoise|last2=Zivie-Coche|first2=Christiane|author-link=Françoise Dunand|last3=Lorton|first3=David|title=Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 BCE to 395 CE|date=2004|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=978-0-8014-8853-5|page=26}}</ref> Òrìṣà Shu, fún àpẹẹrẹ, dúró fún afẹ́fẹ́; òrìṣà bìnrin Meretseger dúró fún apá kan ilẹ̀ ayé, àti òrìṣà Sia dúró fún agbára àbùdá ti ìmọ̀lára.<ref name="Hart"/>{{rp|91, 147}} Àwọn òrìṣà bíi Ra àti Osiris ni wọ́n ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdájọ́ àwọn òkú àti títọ́jú wọn nígbà ayé lẹ́yìn ikú.<ref name="Pinch"/>{{rp|26–28}} Àwọn òrìṣà pàtàkì sábàá máa ń ní ipa púpọ̀, wọ́n sì máa ń kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ohun àdámọ́.<ref name="Hart"/>{{rp|85–86}} Àwọn ẹ̀rí àkọsílẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nípa àwọn òrìṣà wá láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún kẹta BCE, ó sì ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n ti ipasẹ̀ àwọn ìgbàgbọ́ ìgbàanì ṣẹ̀ wá.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wilkinson|first1=Toby A.H.|title=Early dynastic Egypt|date=1999|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-18633-9|pages=261–262|edition=1st}}</ref> Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ẹ̀sìn àwọn òrìṣà di ètò tí ó fìdí múlẹ̀, ó sì di gíga sí i lẹ́yìn ìdásílẹ̀ ìpínlẹ̀ Égípítì lábẹ́ àwọn [[Fáráò]], ní apá ìparí ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún kẹta BCE. Wọ́n ka àwọn Fáráò sí àwọn ọba mímọ́ tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀tọ́ àkànṣe láti bá àwọn òrìṣà sọ̀rọ̀. <ref>{{cite book|last1=Traunecker|first1=Claude|last2=Lorton|first2=David|title=The Gods of Egypt|date=2001|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=978-0-8014-3834-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/godsofegypt00trau/page/29 29]|edition=1st|url=https://archive.org/details/godsofegypt00trau/page/29}}</ref><ref name="Wilkinson1"/>{{rp|12–15}} Nípasẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀rúndún àkọ́kọ́ ti Common Era (CE), bí àwọn ará Égípítì ṣe ń bá àwọn àṣà mìíràn tó wà lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ wọn kẹ́gbẹ́ tí wọ́n sì ń ṣòwò, wọ́n gba àwọn òrìṣà àjèjì wọlé, wọ́n sì ń bọ wọ́n<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shafer|first1=Byron E.|last2=Baines|first2=John|last3=Lesko|first3=Leonard H.|last4=Silverman|first4=David P.|title=Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths, and Personal Practice |date=1991|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=978-0-8014-9786-5|page=58}}</ref><ref name="Johnston"/>{{rp|160}} ====Lèfántáìnì==== [[File:Zeus Yahweh.jpg|thumb|Owó ẹyọ drachm (ìdámẹ́rin ṣékélì) kan láti ọ̀rúndún kẹrin BCE láti Ilẹ̀ Ọba Achaemenid, tí àwòrán Ọlọ́run kan wà lórí rẹ̀ lórí àyíkà tó ní ìyẹ́, ó sì ṣeé ṣe kó jẹ́ àfihàn Yahweh (Ọlọ́run àwọn Júù) tó jókòó lórí ìtẹ́ oòrùn tó ní ìyẹ́ àti àyíkà.]] Àwọn ará Kénáánì ìgbàanì jẹ́ abọ̀rìṣà, wọ́n sì gbàgbọ́ nínú ọ̀pọ̀ yanturu àwọn òrìṣà,<ref name="Day">{{cite book|last=Day|first=John|date=2002|orig-year=2000|title=Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=2xadCgAAQBAJ}} |location=Sheffield, England|publisher=Sheffield Academic Press|isbn=978-0-8264-6830-7}}</ref><ref name="CooganSmith">{{cite book|last1 = Coogan|first1 = Michael D.|last2 = Smith|first2 = Mark S.|title = Stories from Ancient Canaan|publisher = Presbyterian Publishing Corp|year = 2012|url = {{google books |plainurl=y |id=G49SJI183IkC}}|isbn = 978-90-5356-503-2|page=8|edition = 2nd}}</ref><ref name="MarkSSmith2002">{{cite book|last = Smith|first = Mark S.|year = 2002|author-link = Mark S. Smith|title = The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel|publisher = Eerdmans|url = {{google books |plainurl=y |id=1yM3AuBh4AsC|page=28}}|edition = 2nd|isbn = 978-0-8028-3972-5}}</ref> Olórí wọn ni òrìṣà El, ẹni tí ó jọba pẹ̀lú aya rẹ̀ Asherah àti àwọn ọmọ ọkùnrin wọn àádọ́rin<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|22–24}}<ref name="CooganSmith"/><ref name="MarkSSmith2002"/> jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, òjò, ewéko àti oore-ọ̀fọ (àtọmọdọ́mọ),<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|68–127}} nígbà tí Anat, aya rẹ̀, jẹ́ òrìṣà ogun<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|131, 137–139}} àti Astarte, tí ó jọ Ishtar ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Semitic, jẹ́ òrìṣà ìfẹ́.<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|146–149}} Àwọn ènìyàn Ìjọba Ísírẹ́lì àti Júdà tẹ́lẹ̀ rí gbàgbọ́ nínú àwọn òrìṣà wọ̀nyí,<ref name="Day"/><ref name="MarkSSmith2002"/><ref>{{cite book|last = Albertz|first = Rainer|title = A History of Israelite Religion, Volume I: From the Beginnings to the End of the Monarchy|publisher = Westminster John Knox|year = 1994|url = {{google books |plainurl=y |id=yvZUWbTftSgC|page=89}}|page=61|isbn = 978-0-664-22719-7}}</ref> pẹ́lú Ọlọ́run orílẹ̀-èdè tiwọn, Yahweh.<ref>{{cite book|last = Miller|first = Patrick D|author-link = Patrick D. Miller|title = A History of Ancient Israel and Judah|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press|year = 1986|url = {{google books |plainurl=y |id=uDijjc_D5P0C|page=110}}|isbn = 978-0-664-21262-9|page=110}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last = Grabbe|first = Lester L. |title = An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism|publisher = A&C Black|year = 2010|url = {{google books |plainurl=y |id=i89-9fdNUcAC}}|isbn = 978-0-567-55248-8|page=184}}</ref> Nígbà tó yá, El àti Yahweh di pọ̀ (tí a fi El jọra pẹ̀lú Yahweh), ẹni tí ó gba ipò El gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí àwọn òrìṣà,<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|13–17}} with Asherah as his divine consort<ref name="Niehr"/>{{rp|45}}<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|146}} àti 'àwọn ọmọ El' gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀.<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|22–24}} Ní àwọn ọdún tó kẹ́yìn Ìjọba Júdà, apá kan àwọn tó ń sin òrìṣà kan ṣoṣo (monolatristic faction) dìde sórí ìjọba, wọ́n sì tẹnu mọ́ ọn pé kìkì Yahweh nìkan ni ó yẹ kí àwọn ènìyàn Júdà máa sìn.<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|229–233}} Wọ́n fi dandan mú ìsìn òrìṣà kan ṣoṣo (monolatry) ṣẹ ní àkókò àtúnṣe Ọba Josaiah ní ọdún 621 BCE.<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|229}} Níkẹyìn, ní àkókò ìdààmú orílẹ̀-èdè ti ìgbèkùn Bábílónì, àwọn kan nínú àwọn Júù bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí kọ́ni pé àwọn òrìṣà mìíràn yàtọ̀ sí Yahweh kò wulẹ̀ yẹ fún ìsìn nìkan,ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún sọ pé wọn kò sí rárá.<ref>{{cite book|last = Betz|first = Arnold Gottfried|chapter = Monotheism|editor1-last = Freedman|editor1-first = David Noel|editor2-last = Myer|editor2-first = Allen C.|title = Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|publisher = Eerdmans|year = 2000|chapter-url = {{google books |plainurl=y |id=qRtUqxkB7wkC|page=917=bible%20monotheism%20Betz}}|isbn = 978-90-5356-503-2|page=917}}</ref><ref name="Owen"/>{{rp|4}} Wọ́n sọ ipò 'àwọn ọmọ El' kalẹ̀ láti òrìṣà sí áńgẹ́lì.<ref name="Day"/>{{rp|22}} ==== Tí Mesopotamia==== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | total_width = 450 <!-- Image 1 -->| image1 = Seal of Inanna, 2350-2150 BCE.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = Àmì ìtẹ̀wé (impression) èdìdì oníwọ̀nọ̀rùn àwọn ará Akkadian tó fi Inanna hàn, òrìṣà àwọn ará Sumeria ti ìfẹ́, ìbálòpọ̀, àti ogun <!-- Image 2 -->| image2 = Wall relief depicting the God Ashur (Assur) from Nimrud..JPG | alt2 = | caption2 = Ère ògiri (wall relief) ti Aššur, Ọlọ́run orílẹ̀-èdè àwọn ará Assyria, pẹ̀lú àpẹẹrẹ 'ọkùnrin apata' (winged male) onírúurú ìrísí (hybrid iconography) }} Àṣà àwọn ará Mesopotamia ìgbàanì ní gúúsù Iraq ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ dingir (òrìṣà, ọlọ́run àti abo òrìṣà). <ref name="OBrien2"/>{{rp|69–74}}<ref name="Encyclopedia of Linguistics"/> Àwọn òrìṣà Mesopotamia ní orísí ènìyàn tọ́ pọ̀ jùlọ (anthropomorphic).<ref name="Black">{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Jeremy|last2=Green|first2=Anthony|last3=Rickards|first3=Tessa|title=Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary|date=1998|publisher=British Museum Press|location=London|isbn=978-0-7141-1705-8|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05LXAAAAMAAJ&q=Inana|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=20 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120094829/https://books.google.com/books?id=05LXAAAAMAAJ&q=Inana|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|93}}<ref name="OBrien2"/>{{rp|69–74}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Masson|first1=Vadim Mikhaĭlovich|title=Altyn-Depe|date=1988|publisher=University Museum, University of Pennsylvania|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-934718-54-7|pages=77–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQMzQ_k3ty0C|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215081839/https://books.google.com/books?id=QQMzQ_k3ty0C|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n rò pé wọ́n ní agbára àrà ọ̀tọ̀<ref name="Black"/>{{rp|93}} wọ́n sì sábà máa ń wò wọ́n bí ẹni tí ó ga ré kọjá àgbáyé nípa ti ara.<ref name="Black"/>{{rp|93}} Wọ́n jẹ́ aláìkú,<ref name="Black"/>{{rp|93}} ṣùgbọ́n a sọ pé díẹ̀ nínú wọn, pàápàá Dumuzid, Geshtinanna,àti Gugalanna, ti kú tàbí ti bẹ ìjọba òkú wò.<ref name="Black"/>{{rp|93}} Àwọn òrìṣà ọkùnrin àti abo ni a bọ̀wọ̀ fún káàkiri.<ref name="Black"/>{{rp|93}} Nínú pántẹ́ọ̀nù àwọn ará Sumeria, àwọn òrìṣà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ iṣẹ́, nínú èyí tí ó wà:sísọ́rí ìbímọ, òjò, irigeson (ìmọ́lẹ̀ omi), iṣẹ́-àgbẹ̀, àyànmọ́, àti òtítọ́/ìdájọ́.<ref name="OBrien2"/>{{rp|69–74}} Wọ́n ń bọ́ àwọn òrìṣà náà, wọ́n ń wọ̀ wọ́n ní aṣọ, wọ́n ń gbádùn, wọ́n tún sì ń sìn wọ́n láti dènà àwọn àjálù àdáyébá, bákan náà láti dènà rúdurùdu àwùjọ bí ìkógun,ìfipábánilòpọ̀, tàbí ìwà ìkà.<ref name="OBrien2"/>{{rp|69–74}}<ref name="Nemet"/>{{rp|186}}<ref name="Black"/>{{rp|93}} Ọ̀pọ̀ nínú àwọn òrìṣà Sumeria ni wọ́n jẹ́ olùṣọ́ àwọn ìlú-ìjọba (city-states).<ref name="Nemet">{{cite book|last1=Nemet-Nejat|first1=Karen Rhea|author-link=Karen Rhea Nemet-Nejat|title=Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia|date=1998|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CN|isbn=978-0-313-29497-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00neme/page/179 179]|url=https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00neme/page/179}}</ref> Àwọn òrìṣà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú pántẹ́ọ̀nù àwọn ará Sumeria ni a mọ̀ sí Anunnaki,<ref name="Kramer1963">{{cite book|last1=Kramer|first1=Samuel Noah|title=The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character|url=https://archive.org/details/sumerianstheirhi00samu|url-access=registration|date=1963|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-45238-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sumerianstheirhi00samu/page/122 122–123]}}</ref> wọ́n sì pẹ̀lú àwọn òrìṣà tí a mọ̀ sí 'àwọn ọlọ́run méje tí ń pinnu' (the seven gods who decree): An, Enlil, Enki, Ninhursag, Nanna, Utu, àti Inanna.<ref name="Kramer1963"/> Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Sargon ti Akkad ṣẹ́gun Sumer, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òrìṣà Sumeria ni a fi wọ́n jọ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ti East Semitic.<ref name="Nemet"/> Inanna, abo òrìṣà náà, tí a fi jọ Ishtar ti East Semitic, di gbígbajúmọ̀,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Leick|first1=Gwendolyn|author-link=Gwendolyn Leick|title=A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology|date=1998|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-19811-0|page=87|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=c52EAgAAQBAJ|page=91}}|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="Wolkstein"/>{{rp|xviii, xv}}<ref name="Nemet"/>{{rp|182}}<ref name="Black"/>{{rp|106–09}} ó sì ní àwọn tẹ́mpìlì káàkiri Mesopotamia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harris|first1=Rivkah|title=Inanna-Ishtar as Paradox and a Coincidence of Opposites|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_history-of-religions_1991-02_30_3/page/261|journal=History of Religions|date=February 1991|volume=30|issue=3|pages=261–78|doi=10.1086/463228|s2cid=162322517}}</ref><ref name="Black"/>{{rp|106–09}} Ìtàn àròsọ Mesopotamia ti ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún kìíní BCE ka Anšar (lẹ́yìn náà Aššur) àti Kišar sí àwọn òrìṣà ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ (primordial deities). <ref>{{cite web |url=http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/anarandkiar/ |title=Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses – Anšar and Kišar (god and goddess) |publisher=Oracc |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116000951/http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/anarandkiar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Marduk jẹ́ ọlọ́run pàtàkì láàrin àwọn ará Bábílónì. Ó dìde láti ipò òrìṣà aláìlónítumọ̀ ti ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún kẹta BCE láti di ọ̀kan nínú àwọn òrìṣà tí ó gbọ́wọ́ pẹ̀sẹ̀ jù lọ nínú pántẹ́ọ̀nù Mesopotamia ti ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún kìíní Àwọn ará Bábílónì ń sin Marduk gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹlẹ́dàá ọ̀run, ayé àti aráyé, àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ọlọ́run orílẹ̀-èdè tiwọn.<ref name="OBrien2"/>{{rp|62, 73}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Leeming|first1=David|title=The Oxford Companion to World Mythology|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-028888-4|pages=122–124|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=iPrhBwAAQBAJ|page=122}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìrísí (iconography) Marduk jẹ́ ti eranko (zoomorphic), a sì sábà máa ń rí í nínú àwọn ìsẹ́ku ìwákirí (archaeological remains) Àárín Gbùngbùn Ìlà-oòrùn tí wọ́n fi ṣe é bíi 'ejò-àjànàkù' (snake-dragon) tàbí 'ẹ̀dá-aláyé-àti-eran-pọ̀'(human-animal hybrid). <ref>{{cite web |url=http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/marduk/ |title=Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses – Marduk (god) |publisher=Oracc |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126050252/http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/marduk/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="VDT"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bienkowski|first1=Piotr|last2=Millard|first2=Alan|title=Dictionary of the ancient Near East|date=2000|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-8122-2115-2|page=246|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=V9QrPMN1C4EC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ===Ti Indo-Europeania=== ====Germanic==== [[File:Kirkby Stephen Stone by Petersen.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|The Kirkby Stephen Stone, tí wọ́n ṣàwárí rẹ̀ ní Kirkby Stephen, England, ṣàfihàn àwòrán ènìyàn tí a de, ẹni tí àwọn kan ti fojú bù pé ó lè jẹ́ òrìṣà Germanic náà, Loki.]] Nínú àwọn èdè Jẹmánì (Germanic languages), àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó bá 'Ọlọ́run' (god) dọ́gbà ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláìní-akọ-bákan (neuter) ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n yí padà sí akọ (masculine), bí ó ti rí nínú àwọn èdè Jẹmánì òde òní, lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí wọ́n ti di Onígbàgbọ́ (Christianisation) nítorí lílo tí wọ́n ń lò wọ́n láti tọ́ka sí Ọlọ́run àwọn Kristẹni.<ref name="gudą">{{cite web |title=Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gudą |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gud%C4%85 |website=Wiktionary |access-date=3 July 2022 |language=en |date=24 October 2020 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111017/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gud%C4%85 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nínú ìtàn àròsọ Norse, Æsir (ẹ̀yọ kan: áss tàbí ǫ́ss) ni ẹgbẹ́ àwọn òrìṣà pàtàkì jùlọ,<ref name="áss">{{cite web |title=áss |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A1ss#Old_Norse |website=Wiktionary |access-date=3 July 2022 |language=en |date=3 July 2022 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111017/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A1ss#Old_Norse |url-status=live }}</ref> nígbà tí ọ̀rọ̀ ásynjur (ẹ̀yọ kan: ásynja) tọ́ka pàtó sí àwọn òrìṣà obìnrin Æsir.<ref name="ásynja">{{cite web |title=ásynja |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A1synja#Old_Norse |website=Wiktionary |access-date=3 July 2022 |language=en |date=26 February 2021 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111015/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A1synja#Old_Norse |url-status=live }}</ref> John Lindow sọ pé àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ti wá láti orísun gbòǹgbò èdè Indo-European fún "ìmísí" (bíi "agbára fún ìyè"), wọ́n sì tan mọ́ (òrìṣà abọ̀rìṣà) àti Gothic: anses.<ref name="Lindow"/>{{rp|49–50}} Ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn ti àwọn òrìṣà tí a rí nínú ìtàn àròsọ Norse ni wọ́n ń pè ní Vanir, wọ́n sì ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìbísí. Æsir àti Vanir lọ sí ogun, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn orísun Nordic ṣe sọ. Ìròyìn inú Ynglinga saga ṣàpèjúwe bí Ogun Æsir–Vanir ṣe parí sí àdéhùn ìparí ogun (truce) àti ìlàjà gbogbo rẹ̀ láàrin àwọn méjèèjì sí ẹgbẹ́ òrìṣà kan ṣoṣo, lẹ́hìn tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì ti yan àlàáfíà, tí wọ́n ti fi àwọn aṣojú (àwọn ìgbèkùn) ránṣẹ́ síra wọn, <ref name="Warner"/>{{rp|181}} wọ́n sì fẹ́ ara wọn láàrin ìdílé.<ref name="Lindow"/>{{rp|52–53}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gimbutas|first1=Marija|last2=Dexter|first2=Miriam Robbins|title=The Living Goddesses|date=2001|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-22915-0|pages=191–196|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=7DfI39EDbMcC}}|language=en}}</ref> Ìtàn àròsọ Norse ṣàpèjúwe ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ lẹ́yìn ogun náà, àti àwọn ìyàtọ̀ láàrin Æsir àti Vanir tí ẹ̀gbẹ́ kejì kà sí ohun ìwọ̀sí.<ref name="Warner"/>{{rp|181}} Òrìṣà obìnrin Freyja láti Vanir kọ́ Æsir ní idán, nígbà tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì ṣàwárí pé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Æsir kà á léèwọ̀ láti máa bára wọn sùn láàrin àwọn ọmọ ìyá tàbí ẹbí tímọ́tímọ́, Vanir gbà irú ìbálòpọ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name="Warner"/>{{rp|181}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Christensen|first1=Lisbeth Bredholt|last2=Hammer|first2=Olav|last3=Warburton|first3=David|title=The Handbook of Religions in Ancient Europe|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-54453-1|pages=328–329|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=rl5_BAAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Oosten|first1=Jarich G.|title=The War of the Gods (RLE Myth): The Social Code in Indo-European Mythology|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-55584-1|page=36|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=5w_wBgAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn tẹ́mpìlì tí wọ́n ń kó àwọn àwòrán àwọn òrìṣà Jẹmánì (bíi Thor, Odin àti Freyr) sí, àti àwọn ìbọ òrìṣà, tẹ̀síwájú ní Scandinavia títí di ọ̀rúndún kejìlá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìwé ìtàn ṣe sọ.Wọ́n ti gbèrò pé bí àkókò ti ń lọ, wọ́n fi àwọn àwòrán Kristẹni rọ́pò àwọn òrìṣà Jẹmánì láti lè ran ìṣẹ́gun abọ̀rìṣà lọ́wọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara ìgbàgbọ́ Kristẹni tí wọ́n fi múlẹ̀ láàrin àwọn ènìyàn Jẹmánì.<ref name="Warner"/>{{rp|187–188}} Ìbọ àwọn òrìṣà Jẹmánì ti tún padà dìde ní àsìkò òde òní gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara ẹ̀sìn tuntun Heathenry.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Heathenry as a Postcolonial Movement |url=https://submissions.scholasticahq.com/supporting_files/5682/attachment_versions/5685 |last=Horrell |first=Thad N. |year=2012 |journal=The Journal of Religion, Identity, and Politics |volume=1 |number=1 |page=1 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ====Giriki==== {{multiple image | align = right | perrow=2 <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 = Stater Zeus Lampsacus CdM.jpg | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = Lori òrò ofin, [Zeus], oba awon olorun ninu [esin Giriki igbaani], ti a fihan lori stater goolu kan lati [Lampsacus] (ti o to ni {{circa}} 360–340 BCE) je ọkunrin ti o ni irungbọn tí o si wọ ade ewe igi daphne (laurel wreath). <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 = Poseidon Penteskouphia Louvre CA452.jpg | width2 = 207 | alt2 = | caption2 = Aworan Corinthian black-figure plaque ti Poseidon, olori olorun okun Giriki (c. 550–525 BCE), fihan Poseidon ti o duro ti o si n mu orita onigi mẹta (trident) mu. <!-- Image 3 --> | image3 = Aphrodite swan BM D2.jpg | width3 = 200 | alt3 = | caption3 = Lori aworan Attic white-ground red-figured kylix ti Aphrodite, olori olorun ifẹ Giriki, (c. 460–470 BCE), a fihan Aphrodite ti o joko si ẹgbẹ lori ewure (tabi swan) ti ń fo, ti o si n mu eso ododo kan mu ni ọwọ rẹ. <!-- Image 4 --> | image4 = Bust Athena Velletri Glyptothek Munich 213.jpg | width4 = 205 | alt4 = | caption4 = Àwòrán Bust of Athena, olori olorun ọgbọ́n àti ogun ni ilẹ̀ Giriki, tí wọ́n yàwòrán rẹ̀ láti inú ère ìgbẹ́hàn ti Kresilas ní Athens (c. 425 BCE), jẹ́ àwòrán orí àti àyà obìnrin kan tí ó ní ewíwú ọwọ́, tí ó sì wọ àṣíborí Corinthian kan. }} Àwọn Gíríìkì ìgbàanì bọ àwọn ọlọ́run àti ọlọ́runbìnrin pẹ̀lú ọ̀wọ̀.<ref name="Martin">{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Thomas R.|title=Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times |date=2013|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|isbn=978-0-300-16005-5|pages=39–40|edition=2nd|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=iyFaMmr4hFwC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Wọ́n ń bọ àwọn wọ̀nyí lọ títí di ọ̀rúndún àkọ́kọ́ ti ìgbà ayé onílànà, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òrìṣà Gíríìkì sì fún àwọn ará Róòmù ní ìmísí tí wọ́n sì gba wọ́n sí ara pápá ìbọra tí ó tún gbòòrò sí i tiwọn.<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|91–97}} Èsìn àwọn Gíríìkì jẹ́ ti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọlọ́run (polytheistic), ṣùgbọ́n kò ní ilé ìjọsìn àpapọ̀ kan, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni kò ní àwọn ìwé mímọ́ kan pàtó.<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|91–97}} Àwọn òrìṣà jẹ́ apá kan pàtàkì nínú ìtàn Yorùbá, wọ́n sì dúró fún àwọn ohun àdáyébá tàbí bí ènìyàn ṣe ń hùwà.<ref name="Martin"/><ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|91–97}} Àwọn oríṣun àti ìtàn àwọn òrìṣà Gíríìkì sábà máa ń bọ̀ láti àwọn àṣà Ìran Indo-European,èyí sì jẹ́ nítorí pé àwọn òrìṣà yìí fara jọra pẹ̀lú àwọn tí a rí ní àwọn àṣà mìíràn tó jìnnà.<ref name="Mallory"/>{{rp|230–231}}<ref name="Burkert"/>{{rp|15–19}} Wọ́n pe Eos, òrìṣà ìmọ́lẹ̀ òwúrọ̀ ní Gíríìkì, ní Ushas ní ilẹ̀ Íńdíà, Aurora ní Róòmù, àti Auseklis ní Latvia; gbogbo wọ́n jẹ́ orúkọ kan náà.<ref name="Mallory"/>{{rp|230–232}} Zeus, ọba àwọn òrìṣà Gíríìkì, jẹ́ ọ̀kan ṣoṣo pẹ̀lú Iūpiter ní Látìn, Ziu ní Gẹ́mánì àtijọ́,àti Dyaus ní Íńdíà, wọ́n sì pín ìtàn àròsọ kan náà.<ref name="Mallory"/>{{rp|230–232}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=West|first1=Martin Litchfield|author-link=Martin Litchfield West|title=Indo-European Poetry and Myth|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-928075-9|pages=166–173|edition=1st}}</ref> Àmọ́ ṣá o, àwọn òrìṣà bíi Aphrodite bọ̀ láti àwọn agbègbè Ìhà Ìlà-Oòrùn Mẹ́dítéréníà (Near East).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Breitenberger|first1=Barbara|title=Aphrodite and Eros: The Development of Greek Erotic Mythology|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-96823-2|pages=8–12|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=PSFePRxm1jAC|page=10}}|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cyrino|first1=Monica S.|title=Aphrodite|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-77523-6|pages=59–52|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=7gyVn5GjXPkCAphrodite}}|access-date=22 January 2018}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Puhvel|first1=Jaan|title=Comparative Mythology|date=1989|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore, MD|isbn=978-0-8018-3938-2|page=27|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Marcovich|first1=Miroslav|title=From Ishtar to Aphrodite|journal=Journal of Aesthetic Education|date=1996|volume=39|issue=2|pages=43–59|doi=10.2307/3333191|jstor=3333191}}</ref> Àwọn òrìṣà orílẹ̀-èdè Greek yàtọ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè, ṣùgbọ́n ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn pín àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ panhellenic kan náà, wọ́n sì ń ṣe àwọn ayẹyẹ, ìṣe, àti ìlànà ìsìn kan náà.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Flensted-Jensen|first1=Pernille|title=Further Studies in the Ancient Greek Polis|date=2000|publisher=Steiner|location=Stuttgart|isbn=978-3-515-07607-4|pages=9–12|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=uK8szXLlvjoC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn òrìṣà tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ nínú àwọn òrìṣà Greek ni Àwọn Òlíńpíà Méjìlá (Twelve Olympians): Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hermes, Demeter, Dionysus, Hephaestus, àti Ares.<ref name="Burkert"/>{{rp|125–170}} Àwọn òrìṣà Greek mìíràn tí ó ṣe pàtàkì tún wà, títí kan Hestia, Hades àti Heracles <ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|96–97}} Àwọn òrìṣà wọ̀nyí ni ó tún wá jẹ́ ìwúrí fún àwọn òrìṣà Róòmù tí wọ́n pè ní Dii Consentes.<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|96–97}} Lẹ́yìn àwọn Òlíńpíà, àwọn Gíríìkì tún sin onírúurú òrìṣà àdúgbò.<ref name="Burkert"/>{{rp|170–181}}<ref name="Pollard">{{cite web|last1=Pollard|first1=John Ricard Thornhill|last2=Adkins|first2=A.W.H.|title=Greek religion|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Greek-religion|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|date=19 September 1998|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309201523/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Greek-religion|url-status=live}}</ref> Láàárín àwọn wọ̀nyí ni ọlọ́run aláìgbọ́ràn tí ó ní ẹsẹ̀ ewúrẹ́ náà, Pánì (olùṣọ́ àwọn olùṣọ́-àgùntàn àti agbo ẹran wọn), àwọn Nífù (àwọn ẹ̀mí àdánidá tí ó so mọ́ àwọn ilẹ̀ pàtó kan), àwọn Náíádì (tí wọ́n ń gbé inú orísun omi), àwọn Dráyádì (tí wọ́n jẹ́ ẹ̀mí àwọn igi), àwọn Nẹ́réídì (tí wọ́n ń gbé inú òkun), àwọn ọlọ́run odò, àwọn sátírì (ìran àwọn ẹ̀mí àdánidá akọ tí ó ní ìwòkuwò), àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.Àwọn agbára òkùnkùn ti ipò òkú ni àwọn Éríńyèsì (tàbí Fúrì) dúró fún, tí wọ́n sọ pé wọ́n ń lé àwọn tí ó jẹ̀bi fún àwọn ìwà ọ̀daràn lòdì sí àwọn ìbátan ẹ̀jẹ̀.<ref name="Pollard"/> Àwọn ọlọ́run Gíríìkì, gẹ́gẹ́ bíi àwọn nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àṣà àtọwọ́dá mìíràn ti Indo-European, jẹ́ ènìyàn bíi. Walter Burkert ṣàpèjúwe wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bíi "ènìyàn, kì í ṣe àwọn ohun àfikálùkù, àwọn èrò tàbí àwọn ìmọ̀ràn".<ref name="Burkert"/>{{rp|182}} Wọ́n ní àwọn agbára àtàtà àti ọgbọ́n; olúkúlùkù ní ìmọ̀ pàtó kan, àti pé, ní àwọn apá kan, wọ́n ní ìwà kan pàtó tí kò péye.<ref name="Campbell"/>{{rp|52}} Wọ́n kì í ṣe alágbára gbogbo, wọ́n sì lè farapa ní àwọn ipò kan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stoll|first1=Heinrich Wilhelm|title=Handbook of the religion and mythology of the Greeks|date=1852|page=3|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=UWoBAAAAQAAJ&pg=4}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn ọlọ́run Gíríìkì fa àwọn ìsìn, a lò wọ́n nípa òṣèlú, wọ́n sì fúnni ní àwọn ẹ̀bùn fún oore-ọ̀fẹ́ bíi ọ̀pọ̀ oúnjẹ oko, ìdílé tí ó dára, ìṣẹ́gun nínú ogún,tàbí àlàáfíà fún ẹni tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ kú lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|94–95}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Garland|first1=Robert|title=Introducing New Gods: The Politics of Athenian Religion|date=1992|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=978-0-8014-2766-4|pages=1–9|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=7Ne-bCX_DaUC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ====Rómu==== [[File:MANNapoli 6705 creation of the man sarcophagus.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Àpòòtí òkú Rómà ti ọrundun kẹrin (4th-century Roman sarcophagus) tí ó n tọ́ka sí ìṣẹ̀dá ènìyàn láti ọwọ́ Prometheus, pẹ̀lú àwọn òrìṣà Rómà títóbi jùlọ, Jupiter, Neptune, Mercury, Juno, Apollo, Vulcan, tí wọ́n ń wò ó, ni a lè pè ní "Àpòòtí òkú Puteoli" (Puteoli Sarcophagus) tàbí "Àpòòtí òkú Ìṣẹ̀dá Ènìyàn ti Prometheus" (Sarcophagus with Relief Depicting Prometheus and the Creation of Man).]] Àwọn òrìṣà Rómà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọlọ́run, àwọn tí ó jẹ́ Gíríkì àti àwọn tí kìí ṣe Gíríkì.<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|96–97}} Àwọn ọlọ́run tí wọ́n lókìkí jù lọ, tí a rí nínú àwọn ìtàn àròsọ àti iṣẹ́ ọnà Europu ti ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún kejì CE, jẹ́ àwọn ọlọ́run tí wọ́n ní ìrísí ènìyàn tí wọ́n fi kún àwọn ọlọ́run Gíríkì.Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni àwọn ọlọ́run mẹ́fà àti àwọn ọlọ́runbìnrin mẹ́fà: Venus, Apollo, Mars, Diana, Minerva, Ceres, Vulcan, Juno, Mercury, Vesta, Neptune, Jupiter (Jove, Zeus); àti Bacchus, Pluto àti Hercules pẹ̀lú.<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|96–97}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Long|first1=Charlotte R.|title=The Twelve Gods of Greece and Rome|date=1987|publisher=Brill Archive|isbn=978-90-04-07716-4|pages=232–243|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=3dUUAAAAIAAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn ọlọ́run mìíràn tí kìí ṣe Gíríkì tí wọ́n tún jẹ́ pàtàkì ni Janus, Fortuna, Vesta, Quirinus àti Tellus (ọlọ́runbìnrin ìyá, ó ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ èyí tí ó jẹ́ ìgbàanì jù lọ).<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|96–97}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Woodard|first1=Roger|title=Myth, ritual, and the warrior in Roman and Indo-European antiquity|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-02240-9|pages=25–26, 93–96, 194–196|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=VkXlcVMP_dQC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ó ṣeéṣe kí àwọn kan nínú àwọn ọlọ́run tí kìí ṣe Gíríkì wá láti inú àwọn àṣà eróòpù ìgbàanì bíi ẹ̀sìn Jamaní ìgbàanì, nígbà tí a lè yá àwọn mìíràn fún ìdí ìṣèlú, láti àwọn àárín ìṣòwò tí ó wà nítòsí bíi ti àṣà Minoan tàbí àwọn ará Ejibiti ìgbàanì.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ruiz|first1=Angel|title=Poetic Language and Religion in Greece and Rome|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=Newcastle upon Tyne|isbn=978-1-4438-5565-5|pages=90–91|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=yGUxBwAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mysliwiec|first1=Karol|last2=Lorton|first2=David|title=The Twilight of Ancient Egypt: First Millennium B.C.E.|date=2000|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=978-0-8014-8630-2|page=188|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=dJycxuhvS8UC}}|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Todd|first1=Malcolm|title=The Early Germans|date=2004|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-4051-3756-0|pages=103–105|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5QdmV3zNpIC|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423122528/https://books.google.com/books?id=p5QdmV3zNpIC|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn oriṣa Romu, ni ọna ti o jọ ti awọn ara Giriki igbaani, fun ni igbadun si awọn ayẹyẹ agbegbe, awọn ilana isin ati awọn ẹbọ ti awọn flamines (awọn alufa, pontifs) ṣe, ṣugbọn a tun bu ọla fun awọn obinrin alufa (awọn Wundia Vestal) fun mimu ina mimọ ti a lo ninu awọn ilana isin fun awọn oriṣa naa.<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|100–101}} A tun n sin awọn oriṣa ni awọn ibi mimọ ile (lararium), gẹgẹbi Hestia ti a n bu ọla fun ni ile gẹgẹ bi oriṣa ina ibi idana.<ref name="Gagarin"/>{{rp|100–101}}<ref name="Kristensen">{{cite book|last1=Kristensen|first1=f.|title=The Meaning of Religion Lectures in the Phenomenology of Religion|date=1960|publisher=Springer Netherlands|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-94-017-6580-0|page=138|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5QdmV3zNpIC|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423122528/https://books.google.com/books?id=p5QdmV3zNpIC|url-status=live}}</ref> Esin Romu yii ni ọwọ nla fun ina mimọ, eyi si tun wa ninu aṣa Heberu (Lefitiku 6), Homa aṣa Vedic, awọn ara Giriki igbaani ati awọn aṣa miiran.<ref name="Kristensen"/> Awọn ọmọwe Romu igbaani bii Varro ati Cicero kọ awọn iwe lori iru awọn oriṣa ti akoko wọn.<ref name="Cicero">{{cite book|last1=Walsh|first1=P.G.|title=The Nature of the Gods|date=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-162314-1|page=xxvi|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=JhQ4aXatR08C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Varro sọ, ninu iwe rẹ Antiquitates Rerum Divinarum, pe eniyan ti o ni igbagbọ ninu ohun asan ni o bẹru awọn oriṣa, nigba ti eniyan ti o jẹ olufọkansin tootọ n bu ọla fun wọn bi awọn obi.<ref name="Cicero"/> Cicero, ninu iwe rẹ Academica, yìn Varro fun eyi ati awọn oye miiran.<ref name="Cicero"/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Varro, àwọn àlàyé mẹ́ta wà nípa àwọn òrìṣà ní àwùjọ Róòmù: àlàyé ìtàn àròsọ tí àwọn akéwì dá sílẹ̀ fún iṣẹ́-ẹsẹ àti eré ìnàjú, àlàyé ìlú tí àwọn èèyàn ń lò fún ìbọ àti tí ìlú ń lò pẹ̀lú, àti àlàyé àdáyé tí àwọn amòye dá sílẹ̀.<ref name="Barfield">{{cite book|last1=Barfield|first1=Raymond|title=The Ancient Quarrel Between Philosophy and Poetry|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49709-1|pages=75–76|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=PY9FbnNhdDUC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ìpínlẹ̀ tó dára jù ni, Varro fi kún un, níbi tí ẹ̀kọ́ ìsìn ìlú ti ń so àlàyé ìtàn àròsọ akéwì pọ̀ pẹ̀lú ti amòye.<ref name="Barfield"/> Àwọn òrìṣà Róòmù tẹ̀ síwájú láti máa bọ̀wọ̀ fún ní Yúróòpù nípasẹ̀ sáà ti Constantine, àti lẹ́yìn 313 CE nígbà tí ó fi Àṣẹ Ìfaradà jáde.<ref name="Campbell"/>{{rp|118–120}} ===Àwọn ọmọ bíbí ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà (Native Americans)=== ====Inca==== {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Inti Raymi2.jpg | width1 = 150 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = | width2 = 82 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = Inti Raymi, àjọyọ̀ ìgbà òtútù ti àwọn ènìyàn Inca, ń bọ̀wọ̀ fún Inti, òrìṣà oòrùn—àwọn ọrẹ pẹ̀lú búrẹ́dì yípo àti ọtí ọkà. }} Àwọn àṣà Inca ti gbà gbọ́ nínú Viracocha (tí wọ́n tún ń pè ní Pachacutec) gẹ́gẹ́ bí òrìṣà <ref name="Roza"/>{{rp|27–30}}<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|726–729}} Viracocha ti jẹ́ òrìṣà tí kò ṣeé fojú rí fún àṣà Inca, ẹni tí ó wà ṣáájú kí ó tó dá ààyè àti àkókò.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kolata|first1=Alan L.|title=Ancient Inca|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-86900-3|page=164|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=RpELeDbp7BQC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Gbogbo àwọn òrìṣà mìíràn ti àwọn èèyàn Inca ti bá àwọn èka ìṣẹ̀dá mu.<ref name="Roza"/><ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|726–729}} Nínú àwọn wọ̀nyí, àwọn tó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ ti jẹ́ Inti (òrìṣà oòrùn) tó jẹ́ alágbàápátà fún àṣeyọrí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí baba ọba Inca àkọ́kọ́, àti Mama Qucha òrìṣà omi òkun, àwọn adágún, àwọn odò, àti àwọn omi.<ref name="Roza"/> Inti nínú àwọn ìtàn àròsọ kan jẹ́ ọmọ Viracocha àti Mama Qucha.<ref name="Roza"/><ref name="Sherman">{{cite book|last1=Sherman|first1=Josepha|title=Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-45938-5|page=238|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=n2-sBwAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> {{Quote box |quote = '''Àjọyọ̀ òrìṣà oòrùn ti àwọn Inca''' <poem> Iwọ aláṣẹdá, Oòrùn àti Àrá, jẹ́ kí oore rẹ pọ̀ títí ayé, má jẹ́ kí àgbàlagbà dé bá wa ní kíákíá, jẹ́ kí gbogbo nǹkan wà ní àlàáfíà, mú iye ènìyàn pọ̀, kí oúnjẹ sì wà, kí gbogbo nǹkan sì so èso. </poem> |source = —Àwọn àdúrà Inti Raymi <ref name="Parker">{{cite book|last1=Parker|first1=Janet|last2=Stanton|first2=Julie|title=Mythology: Myths, Legends and Fantasies|date=2006|publisher=Struik|location=Cape Town, South Africa|isbn=978-1-77007-453-8|page=501|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=p7dR2w1Wv2sC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |bgcolor=#f5dcd8 |align = left }} Àwọn ènìyàn Inca ti bọ̀wọ̀ fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òrìṣà ọkùnrin àti obìnrin. Nínú àwọn òrìṣà obìnrin ni Mama Kuka (òrìṣà ayọ̀), Mama Ch'aska (òrìṣà àfẹ̀mójúmọ́), Mama Allpa (òrìṣà ìkórè àti ilẹ̀, tí wọ́n sábà máa ń pè ní Mama Pacha tàbí Pachamama), Mama Killa (òrìṣà òṣùpá) àti Mama Sara (òrìṣà ọkà).<ref name="Sherman"/><ref name="Roza"/>{{rp|31–32}} Nígbà ìfisílẹ̀ ẹ̀sìn Kìrìstẹ́nì lásìkò ìjọba amúnisìn ilẹ̀ Sípéènì, àwọn ènìyàn Inca ṣì fi ọwọ́ mímọ́ mú ìgbàgbọ́ àtijọ́ wọn nínú àwọn òrìṣà, nípasẹ̀ ìhunpọ̀-ẹ̀sìn (syncretism), níbi tí wọ́n ti fi Ọlọ́run àti ẹ̀kọ́ Kìrìstẹ́nì bò àwọn ìgbàgbọ́ àti ìṣe àtijọ́ wọn mọ́lẹ̀<ref>{{cite book|last1=Melton|first1=J. Gordon|last2=Baumann|first2=Martin|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|isbn=978-1-59884-204-3|pages=2243–2244|edition=2nd|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=v2yiyLLOj88C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Koschorke|first1=Klaus |last2=Ludwig|first2=Frieder|last3=Delgado|first3=Mariano|last4=Spliesgart|first4=Roland|title=A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1450–1990: A Documentary Sourcebook|date=2007|publisher=W.B. Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, MI|isbn=978-0-8028-2889-7|pages=323–325|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=dbq6fkyp698C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kuznar">{{cite book|last1=Kuznar|first1=Lawrence A.|title=Ethnoarchaeology of Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory|date=2001|publisher=International Monographs in Prehistory|location=Ann Arbor, MI|isbn=978-1-879621-29-9|pages=45–47|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=88R8AAAAMAAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Òrìṣà ọkùnrin náà, Inti, di gbígbà wọlé gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ọlọ́run Kìrìstẹ́nì, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣẹ̀ṣe Andean tí ó dá lórí àwọn òrìṣà Inca ti wà títí, wọ́n sì ń báa lọ títí di ìgbà òde òní láàrin àwọn ènìyàn Inca<ref name="Kuznar"/><ref name="Fagan">{{cite book|last1=Fagan|first1=Brian M.|last2=Beck|first2=Charlotte|title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-507618-9|pages=345|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=ystMAgAAQBAJ|page=345}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ====Maya atí Aztec==== Nínú àṣà Maya, Kukulkan ti jẹ́ òrìṣà alábàádá gbogbo ohun, wọ́n sì ń bọ ọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọlọ́run àtúnwáyé, omi, ìbísí àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|797–798}} Àwọn ènìyàn Maya kọ́ àwọn tẹ́mpìlì pírámídì onípele láti bọlá fún Kukulkan, wọ́n sì mú wọn dọ́gba pẹ̀lú ipò oòrùn ní àkókò tí ọjọ́ àti òru bá dọ́gba ní ìgbà ìrúwé.<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|843–844}} Àwọn òrìṣà mìíràn tí a rí ní àwọn ibi ìwádìí àwọn onímọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ Maya pẹ̀lú Xib Chac, tí í ṣe òrìṣà òjò ọkùnrin aláàánú, àti Ixchel, tí í ṣe òrìṣà obìnrin aláàánú ti ilẹ̀, iṣẹ́ aṣọ, àti oyún.<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|843–844}} Kàlẹ́ńdà Maya ní oṣù méjìdínlógún (18), ọjọ́ ogún-ogún sì wà nínú oṣù kọ̀ọ̀kan (àti ọjọ́ márùn-ún tí kò wúlò tí wọ́n pè ní Uayeb); oṣù kọ̀ọ̀kan ní òrìṣà tirẹ̀, tí ó sì ń fún àwọn ènìyàn ní ìwúrí láti ṣe àwọn ìṣẹ̀ṣe àwùjọ, àwọn ọjà pàtàkì, àti àwọn àjọyọ̀ àwùjọ.<ref name="Fagan"/> [[File:Quetzalcóatl 5.jpg|thumb|Quetzalcoatl nínú Ìwé Àtúnyẹ̀wò Ohun Àtijọ́ ti Borgia (Codex Borgia)]] Òrìṣà kan tí àwọn ànímọ́ rẹ̀ jọ ti Kukulkan nínú àṣà àwọn Aztec ni wọ́n ń pè ní Quetzalcoatl.<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|797–798}} Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, Timothy Insoll sọ pé, àwọn èròngbà àwọn Aztec nípa òrìṣà kò yéni dáadáa. Ohun tí wọ́n ti gbà pé ó rí bẹ́ẹ̀ dá lórí ohun tí àwọn míṣọ́nárì Kìrìstẹ́nì kọ. Èrò òye òrìṣà náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ èyí tí ó díjú ju bí àwọn ìwé ìtàn wọ̀nyí ṣe sọ lọ.<ref name="Insoll">{{cite book|last1=Insoll|first1=Timothy|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-923244-4|pages=563–567|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=U4_ylNNHBy4C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Nínú àṣà Aztec, ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn òrìṣà ló wà, ṣùgbọ́n púpọ̀ nínú wọn jẹ́ ìfarahàn Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo ní onírúurú ọ̀nà (tí ó jọ èrò Avatar nínú ẹ̀sìn Híńdù).Yàtọ̀ sí ẹ̀sìn Híńdù àti àwọn àṣà mìíràn, àwọn òrìṣà Aztec sábà kì í ní ìrísí ènìyàn, kàkà bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n máa ń ní ìrísí ẹranko, kàkà bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n máa ń ní ìrísí ẹranko tàbí àpapọ̀ àwòrán àwọn ẹ̀mí, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àdáyébá tàbí agbára.<ref name="Insoll"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Issitt|first1=Micah Lee|last2=Main|first2=Carlyn|title=Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs|date=2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-478-0|pages=373–375|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=kmFhBQAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn òrìṣà Aztec ni wọ́n sábà máa ń fi àwòrán wọn hàn nípasẹ̀ àwọn ère kékeré amọ̀, tí wọ́n sì máa ń bọ wọ́n nínú àwọn pẹpẹ ilé.<ref name="Insoll"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Faust|first1=Katherine A.|last2=Richter|first2=Kim N.|title=The Huasteca: Culture, History, and Interregional Exchange|date=2015|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-4957-8|pages=162–163|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=f5j_BwAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ===awọn polynesians=== [[File:Wooden idols of Polynesia (1830).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|Àwọn òrìṣà ti Polynesia tí a fi igi gbẹ́ (àwọn méjì ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ẹ̀mí èṣù)]] Àwọn ènìyàn Polynesian pẹ̀lú ẹ̀kọ́ ìsìn kan tí ó dá lórí àwọn òrìṣà púpọ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìsọ̀ ọ̀wọ́ erékùṣù tí ó ní orúkọ tí ó yàtọ̀ fún ìmọ̀ràn kan náà. Àwọn òrìṣà ńláńlá wà ní gbogbo Òkun Pàsífíìkì. Àwọn òrìṣà kan wà ní ìtànkálẹ̀ jakejado, àwọn òrìṣà àdúgbò púpọ̀ sì wà tí ìjọsìn wọn mọ́ sí erékùṣù kan tàbí díẹ̀ tàbí nígbàmíì sí àwọn abúlé tí ó wà ní ìwọ̀nba lórí erékùsù kan náà.<ref name="Williamson"/>{{rp|5–6}} Àwọn ènìyàn Māori, ti New Zealand ìwòyí, pe Olódùmarè tàbí Ọlọ́run (Supreme Being) náà ní Io, ẹni tí wọ́n tún ń pè ní Iho-Iho, Io-Mataaho, Io Nui, Te Io Ora, Io Matua Te Kora láàárín àwọn orúkọ mìíràn.<ref name="Coulter"/>{{rp|239}} Òrìṣà Io yìí ni a ti bọ̀wọ̀ fún gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdáṣe àtọ̀runwá, tí ó ní agbára ìyè, tí kò sì sí ohun mìíràn lẹ́yìn tàbí yíká rẹ̀.<ref name="Coulter"/>{{rp|239}}Àwọn òrìṣà mìíràn nínú pátẹ́ọ̀nù Polynesian ni Tangaloa (ọlọ́run tí ó dá ènìyàn),<ref name="Williamson"/>{{rp|37–38}} La'a Maomao (ọlọ́run afẹ́fẹ́), Tu-Matauenga tàbí Ku (ọlọ́run ogun), Tu-Metua (òrìṣà ìyá), Kane (ọlọ́run ìbísí) àti Rangi (ọlọ́run baba ọ̀run).<ref name="Coulter"/>{{rp|261, 284, 399, 476}} Àwọn òrìṣà Polynesian ti jẹ́ apá kan ẹ̀kọ́ ìsìn tí ó gbòòrò, tí ó ń tọ́ka sí àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìṣẹ̀dá, ìwà ipò wíwà, àwọn aláàbò nínú ìgbésí ayé ojoojúmọ́ bákan náà bí nígbà ogun, àwọn àgbàyanu ti ẹ̀dá, àwọn ẹ̀mí rere àti búburú, àwọn ìlànà àlùfáà, àti wíwà pẹ̀lú ìrìn àjò ọkàn àwọn òkú.<ref name="Williamson"/>{{rp|6–14, 37–38, 113, 323}} ===Àwọn ti Abrahamu=== ====Èsìn Kristi==== [[File:Švenčiausioji Trejybė.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Mẹtalọkan Mimọ (1756–1758) láti ọwọ́ Szymon Czechowicz, tí ó ń fi Ọlọ́run Baba, Ọlọ́run Ọmọ, àti Ẹ̀mí Mímọ́ hàn,gbogbo wọn ni a ń bọ̀wọ̀ fún nínú ẹ̀sìn Kìrìstẹ́nì gẹ́gẹ́ bí òrìṣà kan ṣoṣo.]] Èsìn Kristi jẹ́ ẹ̀sìn tí ó gbà gbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo (monotheistic religion), nínú èyí tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìjọ àti àwọn ẹ̀ka ìjọ tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ti gba èrò ti Mẹtalọkan Mímọ́ (Holy Trinity).<ref name="Emery"/>{{rp|233–234}} Àwọn Kristẹni onítẹ̀dọ́rọ́ òde òní gbà gbọ́ pé Mẹtalọkan náà jẹ́ àwọn ènìyàn mẹ́ta tí ó dọ́gba, tí wọ́n jọ ní ìwà kan náà (cosubstantial persons): Ọlọ́run Baba, Ọlọ́run Ọmọ, àti Ẹ̀mí Mímọ́.<ref name="Emery"/>{{rp|233–234}} Ọkùnrin àkọ́kọ́ tó ṣàpèjúwe àwọn ènìyàn Mẹ́talọ́kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí homooúsios (ὁμοούσιος; "irú ohun kan náà tàbí ti oríṣi kan náà") ni Bàbá Ìjọ Origen.<ref name="La Due">{{cite book|last=La Due|first=William J.|date=2003|title=Trinity Guide to the Trinity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0WvgLlSKW7oC&q=Origen+Trinity&pg=PA37|location=Harrisburg, PA|publisher=Trinity Press International|isbn=978-1-56338-395-3|page=38|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831002219/https://books.google.com/books?id=0WvgLlSKW7oC&q=Origen+Trinity&pg=PA37|url-status=live}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn onímọ̀ ìsìn Kristẹni ìjímìjẹ (títí Ayaba Origen nínú) jẹ́ Subordinationists (Àwọn tó gbà pé ipò Ọlọ́run kò dọ́gba),<ref name="Badcock">{{citation|last=Badcock|first=Gary D.|date=1997|title=Light of Truth and Fire of Love: A Theology of the Holy Spirit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnDyjaXPwooC&q=Origen+Subordinationist&pg=PA43|location=Grand Rapids, MI|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8028-4288-6|page=43|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831002231/https://books.google.com/books?id=qnDyjaXPwooC&q=Origen+Subordinationist&pg=PA43|url-status=live}}</ref> tí wọ́n gbà gbọ́ pé Bàbá ga ju Ọmọ lọ, tí Ọmọ sì ga ju Ẹ̀mí Mímọ́ lọ,<ref name="La Due"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Olson|first=Roger E.|date=1999|title=The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition & Reform|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zexBAwAAQBAJ&q=Origen+Father+of+Theology&pg=PA100|location=Downers Grove, IL|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-1505-0|page=25|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831002228/https://books.google.com/books?id=zexBAwAAQBAJ&q=Origen+Father+of+Theology&pg=PA100|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Greggs|first=Tom|date=2009|title=Barth, Origen, and Universal Salvation: Restoring Particularity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etQjYHmwiv4C&q=Origen+preexistence+of+souls&pg=PA55|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-956048-6|page=161|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831002207/https://books.google.com/books?id=etQjYHmwiv4C&q=Origen+preexistence+of+souls&pg=PA55|url-status=live}}</ref> ìgbàgbọ́ yìí jẹ́ ohun tí Ìgbìmọ̀ Àpérò Nicaea Kìíní kàgẹ́gẹ́ bíi heresy (ẹ̀sìn èké) ní ọ̀rúndún kẹrin, èyí tó kéde pé gbogbo àwọn ènìyàn mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta Mẹ́talọ́kan dọ́gba.<ref name="Badcock"/> Àwọn Kristẹni ka àgbáyé sí apá kan nínú ìmúṣẹ Ọlọ́run<ref name="Emery"/>{{rp|273}} àti pé a rí Ẹ̀mí Mímọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ìwà-òògùn àtọ̀runwá tí ó jẹ́ "ìṣọ̀kan àti ìbáṣepọ̀ ti Bàbá àti ti Ọmọ".<ref name="Emery"/>{{rp|273}} Gẹ́gẹ́ bí George Hunsinger, ẹ̀kọ́ Mẹ́talọ́kan fàyè gba ìjọsìn nínú Ìjọ, níbi tí a ti ka Jésù Kristi sí òrìṣà pípé pẹ̀lú àmì àgbélébùú Kristẹni gẹ́gẹ́ bí àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀.<ref name="Emery"/>{{rp|296}} Ìwádìí ìsìn ti Jésù Kristi, ti oore-ọ̀fẹ́ àtọ̀runwá nínú ìmúniyan-ènìyàn, àìfagbà-kọ-fagbà rẹ̀ àti pípé rẹ̀ ti jẹ́ kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ ìtàn. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Ìgbìmọ̀ Àpérò Chalcedon ní ọdún 451 CE kéde pé nínú "ẹnì kan ṣoṣo Jésù Kristi, pípé òògùn àtọ̀runwá àti pípé ìran ènìyàn ti wà ní ìṣọ̀kan, ìṣọ̀kan àwọn ìwà náà sì rí bẹ́ẹ̀ tí a kò lè pín wọn tàbí dà wọ́n rú".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Larsen|first1=Timothy|last2=Treier|first2=Daniel J.|title=The Cambridge Companion to Evangelical Theology|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-82750-8|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vlmXBe0RPxYC|page=51}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Jésù Kristi, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Májẹ̀mú Tuntun, jẹ́ ìfihàn ara-ẹni ti Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo, òtítọ́, nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti nínú ẹni rẹ̀; Kristi, nínú ìgbàgbọ́ Kristẹni, ni a kà sí ìmúniyan-ènìyàn ti Ọlọ́run.<ref name="Owen"/>{{rp|4, 29}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Aslanoff|first1=Catherine|title=The Incarnate God: The Feasts and the life of Jesus Christ|date=1995|publisher=St. Vladimir's Seminary Press|location=Crestwood, NY|isbn=978-0-88141-130-0|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=QpVNuPwnIIcC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Inbody|first1=Tyron|title=The Faith of the Christian Church: An Introduction to Theology|date=2005|publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing|location=Grand Rapids, MI|isbn=978-0-8028-4151-3|pages=205–232|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=cHvF2SiBn-kC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ====Ẹ̀sìn Ìmàlẹ̀ ==== Ilah jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀ èdè [[Arabic]] tí ó túmọ̀ sí "ọlọ́run". <ref name="Saritoprak">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&q=ilah|author=Zeki Saritoprak|title=Allah|editor=Oliver Leaman|encyclopedia=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|page=34|isbn=978-0-4153-2639-1|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004005837/https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&q=ilah|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cornell">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Vincent J. Cornell|title=God: God in Islam|editor=Lindsay Jones|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion|edition=2nd|publisher=MacMillan Reference|volume=5|year=2005|page=724}}</ref> Ó fara hàn nínú orúkọ ọlọ́run onísìn-ẹyọkan ti ẹ̀sìn Ìmàlẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Allah]], èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí "ọlọ́run náà" gan-an nínú èdè [[Arabic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |title=God |work=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=PBS|access-date=18 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html|archive-date=27 March 2014}}</ref><ref>"Islam and Christianity", ''Encyclopedia of Christianity'' (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as ''Allāh''.</ref><ref name="gardet-allah">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/allah-COM_0047|title=Allah|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|first=L.|last=Gardet|access-date=2 May 2007|editor1-first=P.|editor1-last=Bearman|editor2-first=Th.|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor3-first=C.E.|editor3-last=Bosworth|editor4-first=E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor5-first=W.P.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|publisher=Brill Online|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403114258/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/allah-COM_0047|url-status=live}}</ref> Ẹ̀sìn Ìmàlẹ̀ jẹ́ onísìn-ẹyọkan gbágbáágbá [[Arabic]].<ref name="Saritoprak"/><ref name="Cornell"/> àti pé <ref name="Hammer">{{cite book|last1=Hammer|first1=Juliane|last2=Safi|first2=Omid|title=The Cambridge Companion to American Islam|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-00241-8|page=213|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=OBPKKFUyZaUC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> gbólóhùn àkọ́kọ́ nínú shàhàdà, tàbí ìjẹ́wọ́ ìgbàgbọ́ Mùsùlùmí, ni pé "kò sí ilah (ọlọ́run) mìíràn bí kò ṣe Allah (Ọlọ́run)",<ref name="Yust">{{cite book|last1=Yust|first1=Karen Marie|last4=Johnson|first4=Aostre N.|last5=Sasso|first5=Sandy Eisenberg|last6=Roehlkepartain|first6=Eugene C.|title=Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions|date=2006|isbn=978-1-4616-6590-8|page=300|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=adMkAgAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ẹni tí ó pé pérépéré nínú ìṣọ̀kan tí kò sì lè pín sí wẹ́wẹ́ rárá.<ref name="Hammer"/><ref name="Yust"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Piamenta|first1=Moshe|title=The Muslim Conception of God and Human Welfare: As Reflected in Everyday Arabic Speech|date=1983|publisher=Brill Archive|pages=16–17|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=FOIUAAAAIAAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn Mùsùlùmí máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ náà "Allah" fún Ọlọ́run. Ọ̀rọ̀ èdè Páṣíà náà "Khuda" ni a lè túmọ̀ sí ọlọ́run, olúwa, tàbí ọba, a sì tún máa ń lò ó lónìí fún tọ́ka sí Ọlọ́run nínú ẹ̀sìn Ìmàlẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ènìyàn tí ń sọ èdè Páṣíà,Wúrùdù, Tat, àti Kúúdù. Ọ̀rọ̀ èdè Tọkì náà fún ọlọ́run ni "Tengri"; ó wà gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Tanrı" nínú èdè Tọ́kíìṣì(Turkish). ====Àwon Júù==== [[File:Tetragrammaton scripts.svg|thumb|Tẹtiragramatoni (Tetragrammaton) ni èdè Phoenician, Paleo-Hébérù (Paleo-Hebrew), àti Hébérù onígun mẹ́rin (square Hebrew)]] Judaism jẹ́rìí sí ìwàláàyè Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo (Yahweh, tàbí YHWH), ẹni tí kìí ṣe àfòmọ́, bí kò ṣe Ẹni tí Ó fi ara Rẹ̀ hàn jákùjànkùn ìtàn àwọn Júù, pàápàá nígbà Èṣọ̀dá (Exodus) àti nígbà ìgbèkùn (Exile)<ref name="Owen"/>{{rp|4}} Judaism fi hàn pé Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo ni ó wà, èyí tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí fi ara hàn díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí a sì fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú ní ọ̀rúndún kẹfà nínú "Aísáyà Kejì" (Second Isaiah), àti pé láti ìgbà náà ni ó ti jẹ́ ìpìlẹ̀ pàtàkì fún ẹ̀kọ́ ìsìn rẹ̀.<ref name="Owen"/>{{rp|4}} Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe máa ń ṣàlàyé ẹ̀sìn Judaism, ó jẹ́ ìgbàgbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo tí ó kọ àwọn òrìṣà àti ìbọ òrìṣà sílẹ̀.<ref name="Terry">{{cite book|last1=Terry|first1=Michael|title=Reader's Guide to Judaism|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94150-5|pages=287–288|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Aw5EAgAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé, Breslauer sọ pé àwọn onímọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ òde òní fi hàn pé ìbọ òrìṣà wà nínú ìgbàgbọ́ Bíbélì, ó sì tún farahàn ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbà nínú ìgbésí ayé ìsìn àwọn Júù<ref name="Terry"/> Àwọn ìwé àwọn Rábì àti àwọn ìwé mìíràn tí ó wà lẹ́yìn wọn fi hàn pé àwọn ènìyàn ń sin àwọn ohun èlò àti àwọn nǹkan tí ó wà nínú ìṣẹ̀dá títí di ìgbà ayé àwọn àtijọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ pàtàkì ti ẹ̀sìn Judaism ṣì ń tẹnumọ́ pé Ọlọ́run kan ṣoṣo ni ó wá<ref name="Terry"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kochan|first1=Lionel|title=Jews, Idols, and Messiahs: The Challenge from History|date=1990|publisher=B. Blackwell|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-631-15477-8|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=fWVsQgAACAAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Aryeh Kaplan, a máa ń pe Ọlọ́run ní "Òun" (He) nínú ẹ̀sìn Judaism, "kì í ṣe láti sọ pé ìran tàbí abo tàbí akọ kan wà fún Ọlọ́run", ṣùgbọ́n nítorí pé "kò sí ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ aláìlóbìnrin tàbí aláìlókunrin (neuter) nínú èdè Hébérù, ọ̀rọ̀ Hébérù fún Ọlọ́run sì jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ akọ" nítorí pé "ó jẹ́ ipá ìṣẹ̀dá tí ó ń ṣiṣẹ́, kì í ṣe èyí tí ó dúró lásán.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kaplan|first1=Aryeh|title=The Aryeh Kaplan Reader: The Gift He Left Behind : Collected Essays on Jewish Themes from the Noted Writer and Thinker|date=1983|publisher=Mesorah Publications|location=Brooklyn, NY|isbn=978-0-89906-173-3|pages=144–145|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=bv5lmlmRmbwC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ====Mandaeism (Ẹ̀sìn Mandaeism)==== {{Further| Èsìn Mandaeism}} Nínú ẹ̀sìn Mandaeism, Hayyi Rabbi (tí ó túmọ̀ sí 'Ìyè Pípé' tàbí 'Ọlọ́run Alààyè Pípé').<ref name=Nashmi>{{Citation|last=Nashmi|first=Yuhana|title=Contemporary Issues for the Mandaean Faith|website=Mandaean Associations Union|date=24 April 2013|url=http://www.mandaeanunion.com/history-english/item/488-mandaean-faith|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155605/http://www.mandaeanunion.com/history-english/item/488-mandaean-faith|url-status=live}}</ref> jẹ́ Ọlọ́run Olódùmarè tí gbogbo nǹkan ti wá. A tún mọ̀ Ọ́n sí 'Ìyè Kìíní' (The First Life), nítorí pé nígbà tí a ń dá ayé ohun èlò, Yushamin jáde wá láti ọ̀dọ̀ Hayyi Rabbi gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Ìyè Kejì" (The Second Life).<ref name="Buckley 2002">{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people|publisher=Oxford University Press|publication-place=New York|year=2002|isbn=0-19-515385-5|oclc=65198443}}</ref>Àwọn ìlànà ẹ̀kọ́ Mandaean: ìgbàgbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run ńlá kan ṣoṣo, Hayyi Rabbi, ẹni tí gbogbo àwọn ohun-ìní pípé jùlọ jẹ́ tirẹ̀; Ó dá gbogbo ayé, ó fi agbára rẹ̀ mọ ọkàn (ẹ̀dá), ó sì fi sínú ara ènìyàn nípasẹ̀ àwọn áńgẹ́lì. Báyìí ni Ó ṣe dá Ádámù àti Éfà, ọkùnrin àti obìnrin àkọ́kọ́.<ref>{{Citation|last=Al-Saadi|first=Qais|title=Ginza Rabba "The Great Treasure" The Holy Book of the Mandaeans in English|website=Mandaean Associations Union|date=27 September 2014|url=http://www.mandaeanunion.com/component/k2/itemlist/category/45-mandaean-identity|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716214027/http://www.mandaeanunion.com/component/k2/itemlist/category/45-mandaean-identity|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn Mandaean gbà pé Ọlọ́run jẹ́ ayérayé, ẹlẹ́dàá ohun gbogbo, ẹyọ kan ṣoṣo tí ó jẹ ọba lórí ohun gbogbo, tí kò sì ní alábàákẹ́gbẹ́.<ref name=Routledge>Hanish, Shak (2019). The Mandaeans In Iraq. In {{cite book|last=Rowe|first=Paul S.|title=Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bOF1DwAAQBAJ&q=Routledge+Handbook+of+Minorities+in+the+Middle+East|page=163|year=2019|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-3172-3379-4|place=London and New York|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730071808/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Routledge_Handbook_of_Minorities_in_the/bOF1DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Routledge+Handbook+of+Minorities+in+the+Middle+East&printsec=frontcover|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Ara Ásíà=== ====Anitism==== {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Visayan tenegre horn hilt closeup.JPG | width1 = 105 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Anitos of Northern tribes (c. 1900, Philippines).jpg | width2 = 101 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = Òsì: Àwòrán Bakunawa tí wọ́n yà sí orí ìtẹ̀jú idà àwọn ènìyàn Bisaya; Ọ̀tún: Àwọn ère òrìṣà ìrẹsì àwọn Ifugao. }} {{Further|Àwọn ẹ̀sìn ìbílẹ̀ àbínibí Fílípínì|Ìtàn àròsọ àwọn Fílípínì|Àtòjọ àwọn ẹ̀dá ìtàn àròsọ Fílípínì}} Anitism, tí ó jẹ́ àpapọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀sìn ìbílẹ̀ láti orílẹ̀-èdè Fílípínì, ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn pápá òrìṣà (pantheons) tí ó kún fún àwọn òrìṣà oríṣiríṣi. Orílẹ̀-èdè Fílípínì ní ohun tí ó lé ní ọgọ́rùn-ún (100) àwọn ẹ̀yà kéékèèké, tí olúkúlùkù wọn ní òrìṣà àgbà tàbí àwọn òrìṣà àgbà tirẹ̀.<ref name="ReferenceA" />Ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìṣe, òrìṣà àgbà tàbí àwọn òrìṣà àgbà yìí máa ń jẹ́ olórí pápá àwọn òrìṣà mìíràn, èyí sì ń mú kí onírúurú òrìṣà pọ̀ jáì nínú ẹ̀sìn Anitism<ref name="ReferenceA">''Anitism: a survey of religious beliefs native to the Philippines'', SK Hislop – Asian Studies, 1971 {{ISBN?}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Bathala ni òrìṣà àgbà àwọn ènìyàn Tagalog,<ref>F. Landa Jocano: Outline of Philippine Mythology (1969)</ref> Mangechay ni òrìṣà àgbà àwọn Kapampangan,<ref>"Pampangan Folklore", Alfredo Nicdao, (1917)</ref> Malayari ni òrìṣà àgbà àwọn Sambal,<ref>Jean Karl Gaverza ''The Myths of the Philippines'' (2014) {{ISBN?}}</ref> Melu ni òrìṣà àgbà àwọn Blaan,<ref>Mabel Cook Cole, ''Philippine Folk Tales'' (Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company, 1916), pp. 141–142.</ref> Kaptan ni òrìṣà àgbà àwọn Bisaya,<ref>John Maurice Miller in his 1904 collection ''Philippine Folklore Stories''</ref> àti bẹ́ẹ̀bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. ====Buddhism==== {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Ssangbongsa 11-05266.JPG | width1 = 105 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = A Chinese deity with sword accompanied by a tiger. Gouache Wellcome V0047141.jpg | width2 = 101 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = Òsì: Ganesha, òrìṣà ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ tuntun, olùyọkúrò ìdínà; Ọ̀tún: Saraswati, òrìṣà ìmọ̀ àti orin. }} {{Further|Ẹlẹ́dàá nínú ẹ̀sìn Búdà|Àwọn òrìṣà ẹ̀sìn Búdà}} Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ẹlẹ́sìn Búdà kò gbàgbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run ẹlẹ́dàá,<ref name="McClelland">{{cite book|last1=McClelland|first1=Norman C.|title=Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma|date=2010|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|location=Jefferson, NC|isbn=978-0-7864-5675-8|page=136}}</ref> Àwọn òrìṣà jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ẹ̀kọ́ Búdà nípa ìdásílẹ̀ ayé, àtúnbí, àti àyíká ìgbésí ayé (saṃsāra).<ref name="McClelland"/>Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn òrìṣà ẹ̀sìn Búdà (bíi ‘devas’ àti ‘bodhisattvas’) ń gbé inú ilẹ̀ ọ̀run títuùní nínú ètò ayé gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀kọ́ wọn, èyí tí wọ́n pín sí ọ̀nà mẹ́rìndínlọ́gbọ̀n ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀.<ref name="Trainor">{{cite book|last1=Trainor|first1=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PrloTKuAjwC|title=Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517398-7|location=New York|page=62|language=en|access-date=4 October 2017|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111060833/https://books.google.com/books?id=_PrloTKuAjwC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="McClelland" /><ref name="Keown" />{{rp|35}} Àwọn 'Deva' pọ̀ yanturu, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ṣì lè kú;<ref name="Trainor" /> wọ́n ń gbé inú ọ̀run, lẹ́yìn náà wọ́n á kú, wọ́n á sì tún padà wá sí ayé bíi gbogbo ẹ̀dá yòókù.<ref name="Trainor" />Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé dídàgbà sí inú ọ̀run jẹ́ èso rírere (karma) látàrí ìgbé ayé rere.<ref name="Trainor" /> Deva kò ní láti ṣiṣẹ́, ó sì lè gbádùn gbogbo fàájì ayé nínú ọ̀run náà. Sùgbọ́n, fàájì yìí máa ń fa ìfẹ́kúfẹ̀ẹ́, ó ń dènà ìdàgbàsókè tẹ̀mí, kò sì ní jẹ́ kí ènìyàn dórí Nirvana.<ref name="Keown" />{{rp|37}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kevin Trainor ṣe sọ,ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ lẹ́yìn Búdà ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè 'Theravada' ni wọ́n ń ṣe ìsìn yìí nítorí ìrètí láti tún bí wọn sí inú ayé àwọn Deva. <ref name="Trainor" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Fowler|first1=Merv|title=Buddhism: Beliefs and Practices|date=1999|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|location=Brighton|isbn=978-1-898723-66-0|page=65|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=A7UKjtA0QDwC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|quote=For a vast majority of Buddhists in Theravadin countries, however, the order of monks is seen by lay Buddhists as a means of gaining the most merit in the hope of accumulating good karma for a better rebirth.}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gowans|first1=Christopher|title=Philosophy of the Buddha: An Introduction|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-46973-4|page=169|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbU4Hd5lro0C|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111060836/https://books.google.com/books?id=EbU4Hd5lro0C|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní apá Gúúsù-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà, ètò yìí kan àwọn ọlọ́run bíi Indra àti Brahma.<ref name="Keown" />{{rp|37–38}} Ẹ̀sìn 'Mahayana' náà tún ní onírúurú òrìṣà bíi àwọn Búdà púpọ̀, 'Bodhisattvas', àti àwọn òrìṣà tí ó rọ̀jú. ====Hinduism==== {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Ganesha Basohli miniature circa 1730 Dubost p73.jpg | width1 = 157 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Saraswati.jpg | width2 = 133 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = Òsì: Ganesha, òrìṣà ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ tuntun,olùyọkúrò ìdínà; Ọ̀tún: Saraswati, òrìṣà omo atí orin }} Èrò nípa Ọlọ́run nínú ẹ̀sìn Hinduism yàtọ̀ síra nítorí pé ó jẹ́ ètò ìgbàgbọ́ tó kún fún onírúurú èrò, èyí tí ó ní nínú henotheism, monotheism (ìgbàgbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run kan), polytheism (ìsìn ọ̀pọ̀ òrìṣà),panentheism,pantheism, àti monism,láàárín àwọn mìíràn.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lipner|first1=Julius|author-link=Julius J. Lipner|title=Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=978-0-415-45677-7|page=8|edition=2nd|quote=(...) one need not be religious in the minimal sense described to be accepted as a Hindu by Hindus, or describe oneself perfectly validly as Hindu. One may be polytheistic or monotheistic, monistic or pantheistic, even an agnostic, humanist or atheist, and still be considered a Hindu.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Chakravarti|first1=Sitansu S.|title=Hinduism, a Way of Life|date=1992|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-208-0899-7|pages=71|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=J_-rASTgw8wC|page=71}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Nínú àwọn ìwé mímọ́ Vedas àtijọ́ ti ẹ̀sìn Hinduism, a máa ń pe òrìṣà ní Deva (ọlọ́run ọkùnrin) tàbí Devi(ọlọ́run obìnrin).<ref name="Monier-Williams"/>{{rp|496}}<ref name="Klostermaier"/> Gbòǹgbò ọ̀rọ̀ 'Deva' àti 'Devi' túmọ̀ sí ohun ọ̀run,ohun àtọ̀runwá tàbí ohun èyíkéyìí tó jẹ́ àtàtà.<ref name="Monier-Williams"/>{{rp|492}}<ref name="Klostermaier"/> Ọkùnrin ni 'Deva', 'Devi' sì ni ìyàtọ̀ rẹ̀ fún obìnrin. Nínú àwọn ìwé mímọ́ 'Vedas' tó jẹ́ àtijọ́ jù lọ, 'Asuras' ni wọ́n ń pe gbogbo àwọn ẹ̀dá tó ní agbára àtọ̀runwá.<ref name=Hale/>{{rp|5–11, 22, 99–102}}<ref name="Monier-Williams"/>{{rp|121}} Bí ọjọ́ ṣe ń gorí ọjọ́, àwọn tó ní ìwà rere àti ọkàn rere nínú wọn di òrìṣà, a sì ń pè wọ́n ní Sura, Deva, tàbí Devi.<ref name=Hale/>{{rp|2–6}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gier|first1=Nicholas F.|title=Spiritual Titanism: Indian, Chinese, and Western Perspectives|date=2000|publisher=State University of New York Press|location=Albany, NY|isbn=978-0-7914-4528-0|pages=59–76}}</ref> Ray Billington sọ pé àwọn òrìṣà (Devas) nínú ìwé mímọ́ Hindu yàtọ̀ sí ti àwọn ará Gíríìkì tàbí Rómù, nítorí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìlànà Hindu gbà pé ènìyàn le tún ayé wágẹ́gẹ́ bí òrìṣà (Deva tàbí Devi). Èyí ṣeé ṣe nípa gbígbé ayé títọ́ àti nípa níní Karma(iṣẹ́ ọwọ́) tó dára bíi ti ẹni mímọ́.<ref name="Billington">{{cite book|last1=Billington|first1=Ray|title=Understanding Eastern Philosophy|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-79348-8|pages=42|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dACFAgAAQBAJ|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111055833/https://books.google.com/books?id=dACFAgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Irú òrìṣà bẹ́ẹ̀ á máa gbádùn ìdẹ̀ra ọ̀run títí tí agbára iṣẹ́ rere rẹ̀ á fi tán, lẹ́yìn náà ni ọkàn rẹ̀ á tún padà wá sí ayé (Saṃsāra). Nítorí náà,àwọn òrìṣà wọ̀nyí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ àti àbájáde ìgbé-ayé rere, ọlọ́lá, àti ìwà mímọ́.<ref name="Billington"/> ==== Shinto ==== {{Main|Shinto}} Esin Shinto je esin to gbagbo ninu opolopo orisa, ti won n pe ni kami ni ede Japan Kami àti àkójọpọ̀ àwọn kami. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò ní ìtumọ̀ tààrà nínú èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, wọ́n máa ń túmọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ náà "kami" nígbà míràn sí "ọlọ́run" tàbí "ẹ̀mí". Onítàn nípa ẹ̀sìn, Joseph Kitagawa, ka àwọn ìtumọ̀ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì wọ̀nyí sí ohun tí "kò tẹ́nilọ́rùn rárá, ó sì ń ṣini-lọ́nà",bẹ́ẹ̀ ni onírúurú àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé rọ̀ pé kí a má ṣe túmọ̀ kami sí èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ní èdè Japan,wọ́n sábà máa ń sọ pé ó lé ní mílíọ̀nù mẹ́jọ àwọn kami, ọ̀rọ̀ kan tí ó tọ́ka sí iye tí kò ní òpin, àwọn ẹlẹ́sìn Shinto sì gbà gbọ́ pé wọ́n gbogbo agbára, ẹni tí ó mọ gbogbo nǹkan,tàbí ẹni tí kò lè kú. ==== Taoism ==== Ẹ̀sìn Taoism jẹ́ ẹ̀sìn kan tí ó gba gbígbọ́ nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òrìṣà. Àwọn òrìṣà àti àwọn ẹni-àyàn tí kò lè kú tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ nínú ẹ̀sìn Taoism ni a lè pín sí ọ̀nà méjì: àwọn "òrìṣà" (gods) àti àwọn "xian" (ẹni tí kò lè kú). Lára wọn, àwọn "Òrìṣà" ni a tún ń pè ní ẹni mímọ́, wọn sì pọ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀; fún àpẹẹrẹ: Òrìṣà ọ̀run (God of heaven,Òrìṣà ilẹ̀ (God of ground),Òrìṣà abẹ́-ilẹ̀ (God of netherworld),Wùlíng (Ẹ̀mí inú ohun gbogbo: animism),Òrìṣà ara ènìyàn (God of human body),Òrìṣà ẹ̀mí ènìyàn (God of human ghost) Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn "òrìṣà" wọ̀nyí (bíi ti ọ̀run, ilẹ̀,abẹ́-ilẹ̀, àti ara ènìyàn) jẹ́ ẹ̀dá mímọ́ láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ayé. Ní ilẹ̀ China, wọ́n sábà máa ń dárúko "òrìṣà" pẹ̀lú "xian" pọ̀. Àwọn "Xian" (ẹni tí kò lè kú) jẹ́ ẹni tí ó gba ipò mímọ́ náà nípa títẹ̀lé ìlànà Tao. Wọ́n jẹ́ ẹni tí ó ní agbára iṣẹ́-ìyanu tó ga jọjọ, tí wọ́n lè yí ara wọn padà lọ́nà tí kò ṣeé mọ̀, tí wọn kò sì lè kú mọ́ láéláé. ====Jainism==== [[File:Padmavati.JPG|thumb|upright=0.6|Padmavati, a Jain guardian deity]] {{Main|God in Jainism|Deva (Jainism)}} [[Jainism]] does not believe in a creator, omnipotent, omniscient, eternal God; however, the cosmology of Jainism incorporates a meaningful [[causality]]-driven reality, including four realms of existence (''gati''), one of them being ''[[Deva (Jainism)|deva]]'' (celestial beings, gods).<ref name="Bullivant"/>{{rp|351–357}} A human being can choose and live an ethical life, such as being non-violent ([[ahimsa]]) against all living beings, and thereby gain merit and be reborn as ''deva''.<ref name="Bullivant"/>{{rp|357–358}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wiley|first1=Kristi L.|title=The A to Z of Jainism|date=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6337-8|page=186|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=cIhCCwAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Jain texts reject a trans-cosmic God, one who stands outside of the universe and lords over it, but they state that the world is full of ''devas'' who are in human-image with sensory organs, with the power of reason, conscious, compassionate and with finite life.<ref name="Bullivant"/>{{rp|356–357}} Jainism believes in the existence of the [[soul]] (Self, [[Jīva (Jainism)|atman]]) and considers it to have "god-quality", whose knowledge and liberation is the ultimate spiritual goal in both religions. Jains also believe that the spiritual nobleness of perfected souls ([[Arihant (Jainism)|Jina]]) and ''devas'' make them worship-worthy beings, with powers of guardianship and guidance to better ''[[Karma in Jainism|karma]]''. In Jain temples or festivals, the Jinas and Devas are revered.<ref name="Bullivant"/>{{rp|356–357}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kelting|first1=M. Whitney|title=Heroic Wives Rituals, Stories and the Virtues of Jain Wifehood |date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-973679-9|pages=44–48|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-txAd-dK0tEC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> ====Zoroastrianism==== [[File:Taq-e Bostan - High-relief of Ardeshir II investiture.jpg|right|thumb|Investiture of Sassanid emperor [[Shapur II]] (center) with [[Mithra]] (left) and Ahura Mazda (right) at [[Taq-e Bostan]], [[Iran]]]] {{Main|Ahura Mazda}} [[Ahura Mazda]] ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˌ|h|ʊ|r|ə|ˌ|m|æ|z|d|ə}});<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ahura%20mazda |title=Ahura Mazda |publisher=Merriam-Webster |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707153613/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ahura%20Mazda |url-status=live }}</ref> is the [[Avestan language|Avestan]] name for the creator and sole God of [[Zoroastrianism]].<ref name="Boyce">{{citation|last=Boyce|first=Mary|chapter=Ahura Mazdā|title=Encyclopaedia Iranica|location=New York|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|year=1983|volume=1|pages=684–687}}</ref> The literal meaning of the word ''[[Wikt:Ahura|Ahura]]'' is "mighty" or "lord" and '' [[Wikt:Mazda|Mazda]]'' is ''[[wisdom]]''.<ref name="Boyce"/> [[Zoroaster]], the founder of Zoroastrianism, taught that Ahura Mazda is the most powerful being in all of the existence<ref name="Andrea">{{citation|last=Andrea|first=Alfred|author2=James H. Overfield|title=The Human Record: Sources of Global History : To 1700|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2000|edition=Illustrated|volume=4|page=86|isbn=978-0-618-04245-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tiz6jbjgSjEC&q=ahura+mazda&pg=PA87|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831002212/https://books.google.com/books?id=tiz6jbjgSjEC&q=ahura+mazda&pg=PA87|url-status=live}}</ref> and the only deity who is worthy of the highest veneration.<ref name="Andrea"/> Nonetheless, Ahura Mazda is not omnipotent because his [[evil twin]] brother [[Angra Mainyu]] is nearly as powerful as him.<ref name="Andrea"/> Zoroaster taught that the ''[[daeva]]s'' were evil spirits created by Angra Mainyu to sow evil in the world<ref name="Andrea"/> and that all people must choose between the goodness of Ahura Mazda and the evil of Angra Mainyu.<ref name="Andrea"/> According to Zoroaster, Ahura Mazda will eventually defeat Angra Mainyu and good will triumph over evil once and for all.<ref name="Andrea"/> Ahura Mazda was the most important deity in the ancient [[Achaemenid Empire]].<ref>{{citation|last=Bromiley|first=Geoffrey|title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Q-Z|year=1995|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-3784-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830091414/https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C|url-status=live}}</ref> He was originally represented anthropomorphically,<ref name="Boyce"/> but, by the end of the [[Sasanian Empire]], Zoroastrianism had become fully aniconic.<ref name="Boyce"/> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} 1vkjst3kv2kgjxu3pp65j6pt8iilgmn Krómósómù 0 54273 632176 491944 2026-08-19T19:41:45Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chromosome.svg|thumb|250px|Àwòrán krómósómù ẹ̀ùkáríọ́tì tó ti jẹ́ títúndá. (1) [[Chromatid]]&nbsp;– one of the two identical parts of the chromosome after [[S phase]]. (2) [[Centromere]]&nbsp;– the point where the two chromatids touch, and where the microtubules attach. (3) Short arm. (4) Long arm.]] '''Krómósómù''' jẹ́ àdìmú alátòjọ [[DNA]] àti [[protein|proteínì]] tó wà nínú àwọn [[Cell (biology)|àhámọ́]]. Ó jẹ́ DNA lílọ́po kan soso tó ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn [[gene|àbímọ́]], [[regulatory sequence|àwọn apilẹ̀sẹ̀ onílànà]] àti àwọn [[genetic sequence|ìtèlẹ́ntẹ̀lẹ́ núkléótídì]] míràn. Àwọn krómósómù tún ní àwọn proteínì alẹ̀mọ́ DNA, tí wọ́n jẹ́ bíi pálí fún DNA àti láti kóìjánu àwọn ìmúṣe rẹ̀. Àwọn krómósómù yàtọ́ gidigidi sí ra wọn láàrin orísi àwọn [[organism|ohun ẹlẹ́ẹ̀mí]]. Hóró DNA le jẹ́ olóbìírípo tàbí onígbọọrọ, bẹ́ sì ni inú rẹ̀ le ní [[nucleotides|núkléótídì]] tó pọ̀ tó 100,000 dé 10,000,000,000<ref>{{cite journal|author=Paux E, Sourdille P, Salse J, ''et al.''|title=A Physical Map of the 1-Gigabase Bread Wheat Chromosome 3B|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-10-03_322_5898/page/101|journal=Science|volume=322|issue=5898|pages=101–104|year=2008|doi=10.1126/science.1161847 |pmid=18832645}}</ref> lórí èwọ̀n gígún kan. Àwọn àhámọ́ [[eukaryote|eukarioti]] (àwọn àhámọ́ tí wọ́n ní kóróonú) ní krómósómù onígbọọrọ títóbi nígbàtí àwọn àhámọ́ [[prokarioti]] (àwọn àhámọ́ tí kò ní kóróonú) ní krómósómù olóòbírípo kékeré, bótilẹ̀jípé àwọn ìsàtì sí òfin yìí wà. Bákannáà, àwọn àhámọ́ tún le ní ju irú kan krómósómù lọ; fún àpẹre, [[mitochondria|mitokọ́ndríà]] nínú ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn [[eukaryote|eukarioti]] àti [[chloroplast|adáláwọ̀]] nínú àwọn ọ̀gbìn ní àwọn krómósómù kékeré ti wọn. Nínú àwọn eukarioti, àwọn krómósómù nínú kóróonú jẹ́ dídìpọ́ látọwọ́ àwọn proteínì sí àdìmú kíkipọ̀ kan tó únjẹ́ [[chromatin|kromatínì]]. Èyí jẹ́ kí àwọn hóró DNA gígùn ó le wọ inú [[cell nucleus|kóróonú àhámọ́]]. Àdìmú àwọn krómósómù àti kromatínì yàtọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[cell cycle|ìpínyà àhámọ́]]. Àwọn krómósómù ṣe pàtàkì fún ìpínyà àhámọ́, wọ́n sì gbọdọ̀ jẹ́ títúndá, pínpín, àti jẹ́ kíkó sínú àwọn àhámọ́ ọmọ wọn láìsí sòró láti baà ridájú pé orísirísi àbímọ́ àti ìwàláàyè wà fún àwọn [[offspring|ọmọọmọ]] wọn. Àwọn krómósómù le wà bóyá bí i áṣẹ́po tàbí aláìṣẹ́po. Àwọn krómósómù aláìṣẹ́po jẹ́ atínrín onígbọọrọ kansoso, nígbàtí àwọn krómósómù aṣẹ́po ní àwòkọ méjì tí wọ́n jọ ara wọn (wọ́n únjẹ́ [[chromatids|krómátídì]]) jẹ́ sísopọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[centromere|sentrómẹ́rì]]. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn krómósómù| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Gẹ́nẹ́tíìkì]] 9p6rmjbt9o9g6l0348wbp05z99ga9gy Bósónì Higgs 0 55949 632059 599960 2026-08-19T16:44:12Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translate}} {{Infobox Particle | name = Higgs boson | image = [[Fáìlì:CMS Higgs-event.jpg|220px]] | caption = One possible signature of a Higgs boson from a simulated [[proton]]–proton [[particle collision|collision]]. It decays almost immediately into two jets of [[hadron]]s and two [[electron]]s, visible as lines.<ref group="Note">Note that such events also occur due to other processes. Detection involves a [[statistically significant]] excess of such events at specific energies.</ref> | num_types = 1 in the [[Standard Model]]; <br />5 or more in [[supersymmetry|supersymmetric]] models | composition = [[Elementary particle]] | statistics = Bosonic | group = | generation = | interaction = | particle = | antiparticle = | status = Tentatively observed&nbsp;– a [[boson]] "consistent with" the Higgs boson has been observed, but as of July 2012, scientists have not conclusively identified it as the Higgs boson.<ref name=cern1207 /> | theorised = [[Robert Brout|R. Brout]], [[François Englert|F. Englert]], [[Peter Higgs|P. Higgs]], [[Gerald Guralnik|G. S. Guralnik]], [[C. R. Hagen]], and [[T. W. B. Kibble]] (1964) | discovered = a compatible particle has been observed by [[ATLAS experiment|ATLAS]] and [[Compact Muon Solenoid|CMS]] (2012) | symbol = H<sup>0</sup> | mass = {{val|125.3|0.6|ul=GeV/c2}},<ref name="cms1207" /> ∼{{val|126|ul=GeV/c2}}<ref name=atlas1207 /> | decay_time = 1 [[zeptosecond]] | decay_particle = | electric_charge = 0 | color_charge = | spin = 0 | num_spin_states = }}<!-- NOTE FOR EDITORS (again)! CERN HAVE BEEN VERY CAUTIOUS AND SAID ONLY THAT A BOSON IS CONFIRMED. THEY ARE _NOT_ SAYING THE >>HIGGS<< BOSON IS DISCOVERED, IN CASE IT'S SOME OTHER PARTICLE THEY HAVE FOUND BY ACCIDENT. SO WE SHOULD'T SAY THIS IS THE HIGGS BOSON EITHER. ALSO THERE ARE MULTIPLE EXTENSIONS OF THE STANDARD MODEL. EVEN IF IT IS A HIGGS BOSON, IT'S UNKNOWN WHICH VERSION OF THE STANDARD MODEL IT WOULD SUPPORT. THEREFORE TAKE CARE WHEN EDITING THE ARTICLE NOT TO MISREPRESENT THE ANNOUNCEMENT. --> (Higgs boson tabi patiku Higgs jẹ patikulu alakọbẹrẹ ti a dabaa ni Awoṣe Standard ti fisiksi patiku. Higgs boson ni orukọ lẹhin Peter Higgs ẹniti, pẹlu awọn miiran, dabaa ilana ti o daba iru patiku kan ni ọdun 1964.[4][5][6] Wiwa ti Higgs boson ati aaye Higgs ti o somọ yoo jẹ ọna ti o rọrun julọ ti a mọ lati ṣalaye idi ti awọn patikulu alakọbẹrẹ miiran ninu awoṣe boṣewa ni ibi-iwọn wọn. Ninu ero yii, aaye ti a ko rii ni aaye kun; aaye yii ni iye ti kii ṣe odo ni gbogbo ibi, paapaa ni ipo agbara ti o kere julọ, ati ọpọlọpọ awọn patikulu alakọbẹrẹ miiran gba ibi-pupọ nipasẹ ibaraenisọrọ pẹlu aaye yii. Higgs boson-irora ti o kere julọ ti aaye yii-ni a sọtẹlẹ lati wa tẹlẹ nipasẹ ilana kanna, ati pe o ti jẹ ibi-afẹde ti wiwa gigun ni fisiksi patiku. Ọkan ninu awọn ibi-afẹde apẹrẹ akọkọ ti Large Hadron Collider (“LHC”) ni CERN ni Geneva, Siwitsalandi — ọkan ninu awọn ohun elo imọ-jinlẹ ti o ni idiju julọ ti a kọ tẹlẹ — ni lati ṣe idanwo aye ti Higgs boson ati wiwọn awọn ohun-ini rẹ, eyiti yoo gba awọn onimọ-jinlẹ laaye lati jẹrisi igun igun yii ti imọran ode oni.<ref name=":0">[[Bósónì Higgs]]</ref> Nitori ipa rẹ ninu ohun-ini ipilẹ ti awọn patikulu alakọbẹrẹ, Higgs boson ni a ti tọka si bi “patiku Ọlọrun” ni aṣa olokiki, botilẹjẹpe gbogbo awọn onimọ-jinlẹ gba eyi bi hyperbole. Gẹgẹbi Awoṣe Standard, patiku Higgs jẹ boson, iru patiku kan ti o fun laaye awọn patikulu aami pupọ lati wa ni aye kanna ni ipo kuatomu kanna. Pẹlupẹlu, awoṣe ṣe afihan pe patiku naa ko ni iyipo inu inu, ko si idiyele ina, ati pe ko si idiyele awọ. O tun jẹ riru pupọ, ibajẹ fere lẹsẹkẹsẹ lẹhin ẹda rẹ. Ti Higgs boson ba han pe ko si tẹlẹ, awọn awoṣe “Higgsless” miiran yoo gbero.<ref name=":0" /> Ni ọdun 2011 nọmba awọn adanwo wọnyi ti didiẹdiẹ ati nigbagbogbo ṣe afihan ọpọlọpọ awọn agbara ni ayika 125 GeV (ẹyọkan ti ibi-fun awọn patikulu). Lori 4 Keje 2012, awọn CMS ati awọn ATLAS esiperimenta egbe ni Large Hadron Collider ominira kede wipe won timo awọn lodo Awari ti a tẹlẹ aimọ boson ti ibi laarin 125-127 GeV, ti ihuwasi titi di "ni ibamu pẹlu" a Higgs boson, kiyesi wipe siwaju data ati onínọmbà ti a nilo ṣaaju ki o to daadaa idamo awọn patiku.)<ref name=":0" /> The '''Higgs boson''' or '''Higgs particle''' is a proposed [[elementary particle]] in the [[Standard Model]] of [[particle physics]]. The Higgs boson is named after [[Peter Higgs]] who, along with others, proposed [[Higgs mechanism|the mechanism]] that [[1964 PRL symmetry breaking papers|suggested such a particle in 1964]].<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Peter |last=Higgs |year=1964 |title=Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=16 |pages=508–509 |url=http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v13/i16/p508_1 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.508 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..508H }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Englert |first=François |authorlink=François Englert |last2=Brout |first2=Robert |authorlink2=Robert Brout |year=1964 |title=Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review-letters_1964-08-31_13_9/page/321 |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=321–23 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.321 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..321E }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guralnik |first=Gerald |authorlink=Gerald Guralnik |last2=Hagen |first2=C. R. |authorlink2=C. R. Hagen |last3=Kibble |first3=T. W. B. |authorlink3=T. W. B. Kibble |year=1964 |title=Global Conservation Laws and Massless Particles |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review-letters_1964-11-16_13_20/page/n4 |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=20 |pages=585–587 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.585 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..585G }}</ref> The existence of the Higgs boson and the associated [[Higgs field]] would be the simplest known method to explain why certain other elementary particles in the standard model have their [[mass]]. In this theory, an unseen [[field (physics)|field]] permeates space; this field has a non-zero value everywhere, even in its [[ground state|lowest energy state]], and various other elementary particles obtain mass by interacting with this field. The Higgs boson—the [[quantum|smallest possible excitation]] of this field—is predicted to exist by the same theory, and has been the target of a long search in particle physics. One of the primary design goals of the [[Large Hadron Collider]] ("LHC") at [[CERN]] in [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]—one of the most complicated scientific instruments ever built—was to test the existence of the Higgs boson and measure its properties, which would allow physicists to confirm this cornerstone of modern theory. Because of its role in a fundamental property of elementary particles, the Higgs boson has been referred to as the "God particle" in popular culture, although virtually all scientists regard this as a hyperbole. According to the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a [[boson]], a type of particle that allows multiple identical particles to exist in the same place in the same quantum state. Furthermore, the model posits that the particle has no [[spin (physics)|intrinsic spin]], no [[electric charge]], and no [[colour charge]]. It is also very unstable, decaying almost immediately after its creation. If the Higgs boson were shown not to exist, other [[Higgsless model|"Higgsless"]] models would be considered. By 2011 a number of these experiments had gradually and consistently highlighted a range of energies around 125 [[GeV]] (a unit of mass for particles). On 4 July 2012, the [[Compact Muon Solenoid|CMS]] and the [[ATLAS experiment|ATLAS]] experimental teams at the Large Hadron Collider independently announced that they confirmed the formal discovery of a previously unknown boson of mass between 125–127 GeV, whose behaviour so far was "consistent with" a Higgs boson, noting that further data and analysis were needed before positively identifying the particle beyond doubt. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} == Akiyesi == {{refs|group="Note"}} == Itokasi == {{Reflist}} {{Àwọn eruku físíksi}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Físíksì eléruku]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn bósónì]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àfijúwe Olọ́pàgun]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àròjinlẹ̀ onínárírẹ̀]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn eruku alápilẹ̀sẹ̀ oníàdáláàbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àkópọ̀]] kkfjk2ypp9o1yi9vgog59zta2grmsha Òrìṣà Egúngún 0 60302 632181 608422 2026-08-19T19:50:24Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Egungun masquerade dance garment.jpg|thumb|right|An egungun masquerade dance garment in the permanent collection of [[The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis]]]] '''Egúngún''' tàbí '''Eégún''' jẹ́ ọ̀kan pàtàkì nínú àwọn [[òrìṣà àkúnlẹ̀bọ]] ní ilẹ̀ [[Yorùbá]]. Egúngún ni a tún mọ̀ sí ará [[ọ̀run]]. ==Ìgbagbọ́ Àwọn Yorùbá nípa Egúngún== Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ wípé nigba tí eégún bá jáde wípé òkú-ọ̀run ló wá bá àwọn [[ènìyàn]] rẹ̀ péjọ áti láti bá wọn jíròrò lará ohun kan tàbí òmíràn. Eégún jẹ́ [[òrìṣà]] kan tó ma ń daṣọ bórí ati gbogbo ara, [[aṣọ]] yí la mọ̀ sí '''ẹ̀kú''' tàbí '''agọ̀'''. Lásìkò tí egúngún bá jáde, ọjọ́ yí ma ń jẹ́ ọjọ́ ayẹyẹ àti ìdùnú fún àwọn ènìyàn, nítorí àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ wípé ará-ọ̀run tó wá sáyé yóò lè bá àwọn gbe ìwúre ati ẹ̀bẹ̀ ohun tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ lọ sí òkè ọ̀run tí ìwúre wọn yóò sì gbà kíákíá. Egúngún jẹ́ òrìṣà kan ni ilẹ̀ Yorùbá tí a ma ń bọ láti rí àánú, ojú-rere, ọmọ, ìyàwó tàbí ohun tí a bá fẹ́ gbà. Fún idí èyí wọ́n ma ń fún egúngún lẹ́bùn kí ó lè bá wọn jíṣẹ́ẹ̀bẹ̀ wọn. ==Àwọn Eléégún tàbí Ọlọ́jẹ̀== Àwọn tí wọ́n mú egúngún ṣíṣe níṣẹ́ tí wọ́n jẹ́ olùsìn egúngún ni a ma n pè ní '''Eléégún''' tàbí '''Ọlọ́jẹ̀'''. Àwọn wọ̀nyí.ni wọ́n ma ń ṣètò àti kòkárí ohun-kóhun tí ó bá ti jẹ̀ mọ́ egúngún gẹ́gẹ́ bi òrìṣà, tí wọ́n sì mọ púpọ̀ nípa àṣírí egúngún. ==Àwọn olóyè Egúngún== Díẹ̀ lará àwọn olóyè eégún ni: # Aláàgbáà: Òun ni olórí aláwo tàbí baba maríwo fún gbogbo eléégún pátá nínú [[ìlú]] kan. # Alapini: apini ari pekun awo,agba oye leyo # Ìyámọdẹ̀: Òun ni olórí fún àwọn [[obìnrin]] tí wọ́n jẹ́ eléégún. # Atọ́kùn egúngún: Èyí ni àwòrò tàbí ẹni tí ó mojú eégún kan tí ó sì ma ń mu káàkiri láti ojúlé sí ojúlé láàrín ìlú láti wúre fún àwọn ènìyàn. # Ìyá àgan abbl. # Ato: ato kekere abenu jele,atori oje ti nro namunamu nigbale # Amusan:ogogo omo eru pasan # Oloje: oje o koso arewa ni igbale oje # Olota: ota giri agba # Ologbin: esa ologbojo bajide # Akio/Akewe: ==Àwọn èwọ̀ tó rọ̀ mọ́ egúngún== Lára àwọn èwọ̀ egúngún ni: # Èwọ̀ ni kí á fi [[ọkọ́]] kọlẹ̀ ní ìgbàlẹ̀. # Èwọ̀ ni kí eégún tẹ [[kùkù àgbàdo]] mọ́lẹ̀. # Èwọ̀ ni kí [[òjò]] ó rẹ̀ lásìkò tí eégún bá ń pidán lọ́wọ́ ati bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. O je okan pataki lara ewo oro; a ki I foko ko le nigbale, omiran tun ni pe eegun o gbodo te fuku agbado mole, atiwipe bi eegun ba n padan lowo ojo o gbodo ro ba. Atokunrin atobinrin lo n sawo egungun. Osan gangan si ni eegun ma n jade. ==Àwọn oríṣi eégún tó wà== [[File:Voudou Chile.jpg|thumb|left|]] Oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀yà eégún ni ó wà ní ilẹ̀ [[Yorùbá]], tí orúkọ wọn sì yàtọ̀ láti àdúgbò kan sí òmíràn àti ní ìlú sí ìlú. *Egúngún alábala. Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ma ń pidán tí wọ́n sì ma ń yí [[aṣọ]]. [[File:Fascinating_Egungun_Attire.jpg|thumb]] * Egúngún Apẹ̀ṣà. Irúfẹ́ àwọn egúngún wọ̀nyí ló m a ń kọrin ki àwọn ènìyàn. *Egúngún Aláago. Àwọn eégún wọ̀nyí jẹ́ egúngún oní fàájì àti bbl. Orúkọ tí wọ́n ń pe àwọn egúngún wọ yí tún yàtọ̀ síra wọn ní ìlú sílú ati àdúgbò sí àdúgbò. ==Ìtàn nípa Egúngún== Onirunrun itan lo ro mo Iwasayi tabi ibere egungun sugbon eyi ti a o salaye ni Itan akoni ti a mo si Ogogo omo kulodo. Ogogo omo kulodo je akinkanju jagunjagun ni Ilu Oyo, no ojo kan iro kan Alaafin Oyo leti pe awon kan n kogun Bo lati wa ba Ilu Oyo, kin ni Alaafin gbo yii si ni o yara ke si Ogogo jagunjagun lati wa lo koju awon ota sebi koju ma ribi gbogbo ara bayi logun e. Nigba ti Ogogo omo kulodo doju ogun o ja ajasegun o Segun ota o reyin odi, bi o Se fe ma pada sile isele buruku kan se! Okan ninu awon ota won ni o moribo ninu iku ojona ti o si pawoda to tun Awo Se lo ba mu kini kan jade lati inu apo e loba fi meji kun ookan lo sa a bi oloogun ti n gbe sa a Lo ba fe fife to fe kini ohun konge ara ku lodo lo se, ni kulodo o ba le sokunrin mo, Ogogo wa so fun awon omo ogun e pe ko lo so fun won Nile pe ohun Ogogo omo kulodo ti bogun lo ati wi pe ohun a ma yoju si won lorekore. Leyin odun kan Ogogo ranse si awon ara oyo pe ohun n Bo ki won gbalugbajo, ki no mura ati gba alejo ohun, o si tun so fun omo e pe ki o ran aso wa fun ohun, eyi ti yio boju buse ti ko si ni fi ago ara kankan sile. Ojo ti Ogogo da ohun pe awon ara Ilu Oyo n reti alejo to n bo, awon kan tile n seye meji pe bawo ni ara orun sele waye, Ogogo o de titi o fi dojoro nigba ti oorun ti pari Ise oojo e. Nigba ti Ogogo wolu ko si eni to RI Oju tabi nnkankan lara e sugbon ohun re je tan Omole si iru eni ti n be ninu eku. Ogogo si n se bayi ni ododun. Eyi je okan lara ITAN to ro mo iwasaye egungun. Ko fe e si Ilu kan ni ile Yoruba ti ko ni egungun. {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} {{Orisa-Ifá}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Yorùbá]] The History of the Yorùbás by The Rev. Samuel Johnson. Síkírù Sàlámi Èsù e a ordem do universo. == Orisirisi Egungun Ti owa == [[File:Egungun_in_their_coloful_attire.jpg|thumb|Egungun’ ni won sọ pe o n soju oku láwùjọ ]] [[File:Voudou_Chile.jpg|thumb|Asọ Egungun Olusin]] Pinpin awọn oriṣi Egun tabi Egungu, le dabi ẹni pe o jẹ iṣẹ-ṣiṣe t'o lọ taara, ṣugbọn ni otitọ ọ soro gidi gan-an lati mọ ìtúpalẹ̀ awọn ọna abinibi lati se iyatọ orisi Egun.[1] Awọn iṣoro naa pẹlu: iṣoro iyatọ laarin awọn orukọ Egun ti ara ẹni ati awọn ọrọ ìpìlẹ fun awọn oriṣi Egun; Iṣoro ti ipinnu “awọn eto” nibiti a le gba Egungun kan bi ọpọlọpọ iru awọn ẹka ni nigbakannaa; Iwa ti "mimu," ninu eyiti Egungun kan wọ iru aṣọ kan lori omiiran ati yi awọn wọnyi pada lakoko iṣẹ; àti oríṣiríṣi ọ̀nà àbájáde tí a lò láti fi ṣe ìpìlẹ̀ Egungun gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyatọ̀ nínú irú àwọn ẹ̀ka. Iru awọn okunfa yìí ṣe afihan idiju ìtúpalẹ̀ awọn ọna abínibí lati mọ iyatọ orisirisi awọn Egungun ati ifihan orisirisi iruru àwọn Egungun. Awọn iṣoro kan naa waye ninu itumọ ati lilo ọrọ Egungun funrararẹ. <ref name="Drewal">{{Cite journal|last=Drewal|first=H.T.|title=The Arts of Egungun among Yoruba Peoples|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_1978-04_11_3/page/18|journal=African Arts|date=April 1978|volume=11|issue=3|pages=18–19+97–98|doi=10.2307/3335409|jstor=3335409}}</ref> Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú isunmọra àṣà ní ìhà gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà ti [[ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]], a lè dá àwọn orúkọ egungun wọnyi mọ̀: Danafojura lati Oyo, Awodagbese lati [[Ògbómọ̀sọ́|Ogbomoso]], Alapansanpa lati [[Ìbàdàn|Ibadan]], ati Fẹlẹru lati [[Ilobu]], Ipinlẹ Ọsun. == Ipa ti Idile == Nínú ẹ̀sìn [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]], àwọn ayẹyẹ ọdọọdún tí wọ́n máa ń ṣe fún àwọn ará ọrun máa ń jẹ́ ọ̀nà láti fi dá àwọn baba ńlá wọn lójú pé wọn wà láàárín àwọn alààyè. Wọn gbagbọ pe awọn alalẹ ni ojuse lati fi ipa mu awọn to wa laye lati ṣe atilẹyin fun awọn ilana iṣe ti awọn iran ti o ti kọja ti ojẹ ti idile wọn, ilu, tabi ẹbi wọn. Ama n ṣe ayẹyẹ Egungun nipa ajọyọ èyí tí amọ si Odun Egungun, ati ninu oro ìdílé mi ni ilana asa Egungun. Ninu awọn idile, agbalagba idile kan ti a mọ gẹgẹ bi “Alagba” ni o nṣe olori awọn ilana oro adayeba. O le tabi ko le jẹ pé o wa ninu awujọ awọn awo Egungun. Ni awọn ọrọ ti o niṣe pẹlu gbogbo agbegbe, awọn atọkun Egungun ti a mọ sì awọn ọlọ́jẹ̀ ati awọn awo ti o ni ikẹkọ nipa ibaraẹnisọrọ ti awọn alalẹ, igbega awọn alalẹ ati awọn ilana isinku ni a oyan lati pe ati mu awọn alalẹ jade. Wọn wọ awọn aṣọ (ẹku) alarabara bi awọn Egungun. Nípa ìlù àti ijó, àwọn òṣèré tí wọ́n wa nínu Egungun ni a gbà gbọ́ pé ẹ̀mí àwọn baba ńlá wa ló wà lára wọn, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti ń fi hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀dá kan ṣoṣo. Egungun ma n fọ awujọ mọ; nipasẹ iṣe iyalẹnu ati ṣiṣafarawe awọn atọkun ti o wọ aṣọ, wọn ṣe afihan ihuwasi rere ati ihuwasi aibikita ti o ti waye lati ibẹwo wọn kẹhin. Ni ọna yii, wọn ṣe afihan awọn agbara ati ailagbara agbegbe na lati ṣe iwuri fun ihuwasi ti o bojumu fun awọn ọmọ wọn. Nigbati ìṣe yii ba pari, awọn oṣere ti owa labẹ Egungun yoo fi awọn ifiranṣẹ, ikilọ ati ibukun fun awọn eniyan ti o pejọ. Ara awọn Egungun ti óse pataki ni Oloolu ati Alapansanpa, ti awọn mejeeji ṣi jẹ Egun ilẹ Ibadan. Egungun Ẹlẹ́wẹ ti awọn Ìgbómìnà(ti ojẹ ẹka Yoruba kan), ti osi gbajumọ ní awọn ilu bi Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún, Ìlá Òràngún, Òmù-àrán, ati Àrándùn, na jẹ ọkan gbogi ti ose pataki. Ni Orilẹ-ede Brazil, àwọn ojúlówó awo Egungun ni a le ri ni Erekusu ''Itaparica'', ni Ipinlẹ Bahia. Awọn Ile Ìjọsìn ti owa gedegbe fún Egungun naa wá ni awọn Ipinlẹ miran. == Ipa awọn Obinrin ninu Egungun == Egungun gbigbe jẹ àṣà ti ojẹ pe awọn ọkunrin ni o mọ àṣírí rẹ, bẹ sini awọn ọkunrin nikan ni o lẹtọ lati darapọ mọ ẹmi ti o wa nínú Egungun nípa wíwọ ẹ̀kú Egungun. Awọn Obinrin ni o wọpọ nínú ṣíṣe asọ egungun, ṣíṣe ere tẹle awọn Egungun, orin kikọ, ijo jijo ati iran wíwò lẹ́yìn awọn Egungun. Awọn agba bọ wọn ni ìyapa ṣe dandan nítorí ewu to rọmọ ọpọ agbara l'ọwọ obinrin.<ref>{{Citation|last=Willis|first=John Thabiti|title=The Role of Women in Egungun Masquerades - Hist 282 - f11|date=2011-11-15|url=https://vimeo.com/32176247|access-date=2018-10-22}}</ref> Gẹgẹ bí odú Ifa kan ṣe sọ, awọn obinrin ló kọkọ wa nidi oro Egungun. Orò Egungun yii waye nipa ìrírí Obinrin ninu ẹṣin Yoruba.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|journal=Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion|volume=20|issue=1|pages=41–60|language=en|jstor=25002489|last1=Olajubu|first1=Oyeronke|title=Seeing through a Woman's Eye: Yoruba Religious Tradition and Gender Relations|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-feminist-studies-in-religion_spring-2004_20_1/page/41|year=2004}}</ref> Awọn kan na jiyan wipe awọn obinrin ni alamojuto Egungun tẹlẹ, odu Ifa Irẹntẹgbe(ogbe-irẹtẹ) na sì fi ìdí rẹ múlẹ pe nigba iwasẹ ni awọn ọkunrin fi ète gba agbára oro Egungun l'ọwọ awọn obinrin.<ref name=":02" /> tk1zdl4a9jmo6sfpragvz03s6djwmzj Jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ C 0 60854 632030 596662 2026-08-19T15:49:15Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 12 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Hepatitis C | Image = HCV EM picture 2.png | Caption = [[Electron micrograph]] of [[hepatitis C virus]] purified from cell culture (scale = 50&nbsp;[[nanometers]]) | DiseasesDB = 5783 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|17|1|b|15}}, {{ICD10|B|18|2|b|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|070.70}},{{ICD9|070.4}}, {{ICD9|070.5}} | OMIM = 609532 | MedlinePlus = 000284 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 993 | eMedicine_mult = {{EMedicine2|ped|979}} | MeshID = D006526 }} '''Jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ C''' jẹ́ àrùn tí ó jẹ́ pé ẹ̀dọ̀ ni ó kọ́kọ́ máa n ṣe àkóbá fún. Kòkòrò-àrùn Jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ C ni ó máa n fa àrùn náà.<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | pages=551–2 | isbn = 0838585299 | editor = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) }}</ref> Hepatitis C kì í sáábà ní ìmọ̀lára-àìlera, sùgbọ́n èyí tí ó bá ti wọ ara gan an lè dá ọgbẹ́ sí ara ẹ̀dọ̀, tí ó sì lè yí sí àìsàn ẹ̀dọ̀ míràn tí a mọ̀ sí cirrhosis lẹ́yìn ọdún díẹ̀. Ní àwọn ìgbà míràn, àwọn ènìyàn tí ó bá ní àìsàn ẹ̀dọ̀ tí n jẹ́ cirrhosis àìlera ẹ̀dọ̀ parí-iṣẹ́, jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀, tàbí kí ó mú kí gògò-ń-gò àti ikùn wú bọ-bọ-ọ-bọ, èyí tí ó sì le yọrí sí sìsun ẹ̀jẹ̀ tí ó mú ikú lọ́wọ́.<ref name=Sherris/> Ọ̀nà àkọ́kọ́ tí àwọn ènìyàn ti máa n ṣe àgbákò àrùn hepatitis C jẹ́ nípasẹ̀ ẹ̀jẹ̀-kan-ẹjẹ̀ ní ìgbà tí ènìyàn bá n gba ìtọ́jú fífa òògùn sínú isan ara, àwọn ohun èlò iṣẹ́ ìlera tí a kò bọ̀ lórí iná kí a tó lò wọn, àti nípa gbígba ẹ̀jẹ̀ sí ara. Ó tó miliọnu 130–170 káàkiri àgbáye tí wọn ní àrùn hepatitis C. Àwọn onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́-ìwádìí lóri kòkòrò-àrùn HVC ni ààrin ọdún 1970, tí wọn sì fi ìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ ní ọdún 1989 pé àrùn tí n jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀ wà.<ref name="pmid19781804">{{cite journal |author=Houghton M |title=The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus |journal=Journal of Hepatology |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=939–48 |year=2009|month=November |pmid=19781804 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004 |url=}}</ref> Kò tí ì hàn bóyá kòkòrò náà lè fa àìsàn si ara [[ẹranko]]. Peginterferon àti ribavirin ni àwọn òògùn tí ó yẹ fún kòkòrò-àrùn HCV. Ìdá ààdọ́ta sí ọgọ́rin ninu ọgọ́rùn ún ènìyàn tí a fún ní òògù yìí ni wọn gba ìmúláradá. Àwọn tí wọn ní àìsàn ẹ̀dọ̀ cirrhosis tàbí jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀ lè nílò ìpààrọ̀ ẹ̀dọ̀, sùgbọ́n kòkòrò-àisàn yìí a tún lè jẹ jáde lẹyìn ìpààrọ̀ ẹ̀dọ̀ náà.<ref name=NEJM2011/> Kò sí abẹ́rẹ́-àjẹsára fún hepatitis C. ==Àwọn àmì àti Ìmọ̀lára-àìsàn== Ìwọ̀nba ìdá mẹ́ẹ̀dógún ninu ọgọrun un àìsàn Jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ C ni ó máa n mú ìmọ̀lára-àìsàn lọ́wọ́.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Maheshwari|first=A|coauthors=Ray, S, Thuluvath, PJ|title=Acute hepatitis C.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_july-26-august-1-2008_372_9635/page/321|journal=Lancet|date=2008-07-26|volume=372|issue=9635|pages=321–32|pmid=18657711|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61116-2}}</ref> Àwọn ìmọ̀lára-àìsàn kì í sáàbà le ni ara, wọn kì í sì fi ojú hàn dáradára, lára wọn ni kí oúnjẹ má wù ènìyàn jẹ, kí ó máa rẹ̀ ènìyàn, kí èébì máa gbé ni, ìrora inu-ẹran ara tàbí ìrora oríkèé-ríkèé ara, kí ènìyàn máa rù.<ref name=AFP2010/> Díẹ̀ péré lára àwọn àìsàn tí ó wọ aláìsàn náà lára ni ó máa n mú ibà-ọmọdé lọ́wọ́.<ref name=Book2011p4>{{cite book|title=Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Advances in Treatment, Promise for the Future.|year=2011|publisher=Springer Verlag|isbn=9781461411918|page=4|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=6G7mff5DnBQC&pg=PA4}}</ref> Àìsàn náà a máa lọ fúnrarẹ̀ ní ara ìdá mẹ́wàá sí àádọ́ta ninu ọgọ́rùn ún àwọn ènìyàn tí ó bá mú, tí ó sì máa n tètè kúrò lára àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọbìnrin ju àwọn yooku lọ.<ref name=Book2011p4/> ===Àìsàn tí ó ti wọ ara gan an=== Ìdá ọgọ́rin ninu ọgọ́rùn ún àwọn ènìyàn tí kòkòrò-àrùn yìí bá jà ní ó máa n wọ̀ lára gan an.<ref name=Lancet2011/> Ọ̀pọ̀ ni ó máa n ní ìmọ̀lára-àìsàn ní ìwọ̀nba, tàbí kí wọn má tilẹ̀ ní ìmọ̀lára yìí rárá ní ààrin ọdún mẹ́wàá àkọ́kọ́ tí wọn ti ní àìsàn nàá lára, <ref name=Book2011/> bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àìsàn hepatitis C máa n mú ara rírẹ̀ lọ́wọ́.<ref name=ID2010/> Hepatitis C ní okùnfà àkọ́kọ́ fún àìsàn-ẹdọ̀ cirrhosis àti jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀ láàrin àwọn tí àrùn yìí n bá já fún ọdún díẹ̀.<ref name=NEJM2011>{{cite journal|last=Rosen|first=HR|title=Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection.|journal=The New England journal of medicine|date=2011-06-23|volume=364|issue=25|pages=2429–38|pmid=21696309|url=http://www.casemedicine.com/ambulatory/Continuity%20Clinic/Clinic%20Articles/1)%20July/2)Week%20of%20July%2025th/chronic%20hep%20c.NEJM.pdf}}</ref> Láàrin ìdá mẹ́wàá sí ọgbọ̀n ninu ọgọrun un tí wọn ni àìsàn náà fún bí i ọgbọ̀n ọdún ni wọn ni àìsàn-ẹ̀dọ̀ cirrhosis.<ref name=NEJM2011/><ref name=AFP2010/> Àìsàn-ẹ̀dọ̀ cirrhosis wọ́pọ̀ júlọ láàrin àwọn tí wọn ní àìsàn hepatitis B tàbí àìsàn-kò-gbóògùn HIV, àwọn ọ̀mùtípara, àti ni àárin áwọn ọkùnrin.<ref name=AFP2010/> Àwọn tí wọn ní àìsàn-ẹ̀dọ̀ cirrhosis n bẹ ninu ewu nla pé wọn yóò ní jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀, èyí tí í ṣe ìdá kan sí mẹ́ta ninu ọgọ́rùn ún láàrin ọdún kan.<ref name=NEJM2011/><ref name=AFP2010/> Fún àwọn ọ̀mùtípara, ewu àìsán náà tó ìlọ́po ọgọ́rùn ún lọ́dọ̀ wọn.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mueller|first=S|coauthors=Millonig, G, Seitz, HK|title=Alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C: a frequently underestimated combination.|journal=World journal of gastroenterology : WJG|date=2009-07-28|volume=15|issue=28|pages=3462–71|pmid=19630099}}</ref> Hepatitis C ni ó máa n fa àísàn-ẹ̀dọ̀ cirrhosis tí ó tó ìdá mẹ́tàdínlọ́gbọ̀n ninu ọgọrùn ún àti àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀ tí ó tó ìdá márùndínlọ́gbọ̀n ninu ọgọrùn ún.<ref name=World2007>{{cite journal|last=Alter|first=MJ|title=Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection.|journal=World journal of gastroenterology : WJG|date=2007-05-07|volume=13|issue=17|pages=2436–41|pmid=17552026}}</ref> Àísàn-ẹ̀dọ̀ cirrhosis tún lè yọrí sí ìfúnpá gíga ninu àwọn iṣan ara ti wọn so pọ̀mọ́ ẹ̀dọ̀, kí omi ara rọgún sínú ikùn, awọ-ara tí kò gbó tàbí ìsun ẹ̀jẹ̀, iṣan tí ó fẹ̀ sí i, pàápàá ninu ikùn àti ní gògò-n-gò, ibà-àyìnrín (kí awọ-ara pọ́n bí), àti àkóbá ọpọlọ.<ref name=Tah2009>{{cite journal|last=Ozaras|first=R|coauthors=Tahan, V|title=Acute hepatitis C: prevention and treatment.|journal=Expert review of anti-infective therapy|date=2009 Apr|volume=7|issue=3|pages=351–61|pmid=19344247}}</ref> ===Àwọn àkóbà míràn yàtọ̀ fún ti ẹdọ̀=== Àìsàn Hepatitis C tún jẹ́ ọ̀rẹ́ àìsàn àìsàn Sjögren's syndrome (irú àìlera kan tí n mú àgọ̀-ara dá àbò àìnídìí bo ararẹ̀), tí àwọn awo ẹ̀jẹ̀ kò tó bí ó ti yẹ, àìsàn awọ-ara, àìsàn ìtọ̀-súgà, àti àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ tí kì í ṣe Hodgkin.<ref name=Extrahepatic>{{cite journal |author=Zignego AL, Ferri C, Pileri SA, Caini P, Bianchi FB |title=Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus infection: a general overview and guidelines for a clinical approach |journal=Digestive and Liver Disease |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=2–17 |year=2007 |month=January |pmid=16884964 |doi=10.1016/j.dld.2006.06.008}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Louie|first=KS|coauthors=Micallef, JM, Pimenta, JM, Forssen, UM|title=Prevalence of thrombocytopenia among patients with chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review.|journal=Journal of viral hepatitis|date=2011 Jan|volume=18|issue=1|pages=1–7|pmid=20796208}}</ref> ==Okùnfà== Kòkòrò-àrùn hepatitis C náà jẹ́ àìlèfojúrí, tí ó ní èèpo, onífọ́nrán kan, fáírọ́ọ̀sì RNA.<ref name=NEJM2011/> O jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹbí kòkòrò-àìrùn ''hepacivirus'' '' Flaviviridae''.<ref name=ID2010>{{cite book|last=Dolin|first=[edited by] Gerald L. Mandell, John E. Bennett, Raphael|title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases|year=2010|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0443068393|pages=Chapter 154|edition=7th ed.}}</ref> Àwọn oríṣi jẹnotaipu HCV méje pàtàkì ní n bẹ.<ref name=Nakano2011>{{cite journal |author=Nakano T, Lau GM, Lau GM, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M|title=An updated analysis of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes based on the complete coding region |journal=Liver Int. |year=2011|month=December |pmid=22142261 |doi=10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02684.x }}</ref> Ní ilẹ̀ Amẹrika, jẹnotaipu 1 n fa ìdá àádọ́rin ninu ọgọ́rùn ún àwọn àìsàn, jẹnotaipu 2 n fa ìdá ogún ninu ọgọ́rùn ún àwọn àìsàn, tí ìyòókù ìdá kan ninu ọgọ́rùn ún n fa àwọn àìsàn míràn. <ref name=AFP2010/> Jẹnotaipu 1 ni ó tún wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ́ ni Gúùsù Amẹrika àti ni ilẹ [[Europe]].<ref name=NEJM2011/> ===Bí aìsàn Ṣe n tàn kálẹ̀=== Ọ̀nà àkọ́kọ́ tí àìsàn n gbà tàn kálẹ̀ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti wọn ti gòké-àgbà ni gbígba abẹ́rẹ́ sínu iṣan-ara (IDU). Ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti n gòké-àgbà ọ̀nà tí ó wọ́pọ̀ níbẹ̀ ni nípa gbígba ẹ̀jẹ̀ sí ara àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìtọ́jú aláìsàn tóléwu<ref name=Mah2010>{{cite journal|last=Maheshwari|first=A|coauthors=Thuluvath, PJ|title=Management of acute hepatitis C.|journal=Clinics in liver disease|date=2010 Feb|volume=14|issue=1|pages=169–76; x|pmid=20123448}}</ref> Ìdá ogún ninu ọgọ́rùn ún ọ̀nà yóòkù tí àìsàn gbà tàn kálẹ ni ó sì farasin síbẹ̀;<ref name=Pon2011>{{cite journal|last=Pondé|first=RA|coauthors=Mikhaĭlova, A|title=Hidden hazards of HCV transmission.|journal=Medical microbiology and immunology|date=2011 Feb|volume=200|issue=1|pages=7–11|pmid=20461405}}</ref> sùgbọ́n ọ̀pò ninu àwọn ọ̀nà lè máa ṣe ẹ̀yìn gbígba abẹrẹ sinu iṣan ara, IDU.<ref name=Book2011p4/> ====gbígba abẹ́rẹ́ sínú iṣan-ara==== Gbígba abẹrẹ sínú iṣan ara, IDU jẹ́ ọ̀nà kan tí ó léwu jùlọ́ láti kan àìsàn hepatitis C ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi ní àgbáyé.<ref name=China2008>{{cite journal|last=Xia|first=X|coauthors=Luo, J, Bai, J, Yu, R|title=Epidemiology of HCV infection among injection drug users in China: systematic review and meta-analysis.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_public-health_2008-10_122_10/page/990|journal=Public health|date=2008 Oct|volume=122|issue=10|pages=990–1003|pmid=18486955|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2008.01.014}}</ref> Àgbéyẹ̀wò ní orílẹ̀-èdè mẹ́tadínlọ́gọ́rin fihàn pé marundinlọgbọn ninu wọn ni ìdá ọgọ́ta sí ọgọ́rin ninu ọgọrùn ún àwọn ara orílẹ̀-èdè náà ni wọn ti ipasẹ̀ gbígba òògùn sínú isan-ara di aláìsàn hepatitis C, ninu èyí tí ilẹ́ Amẹrika<ref name=Lancet2011>{{cite journal|last=Nelson|first=PK|coauthors=Mathers, BM, Cowie, B, Hagan, H, Des Jarlais, D, Horyniak, D, Degenhardt, L|title=Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: results of systematic reviews.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_august-13-19-2011_378_9791/page/571|journal=Lancet|date=2011-08-13|volume=378|issue=9791|pages=571–83|pmid=21802134|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61097-0}}</ref> àti ilẹ̀ China n bẹ lara wọn. <ref name=China2008/> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mejila ní ìdá tí o ga ju ọgọ́rin ninu ọgọrùn ún.<ref name=Lancet2011/> Ó tó miliọnu mẹ́wàá tí wọn ní àìsàn hepatitis C nítorí wọn ngba abẹ́rẹ́ sinu isan ara wọn; ní China (wọn jẹ́ 1.6 million), ní ilẹ́ Amẹrika (1.5 million), ati ní ilẹ́ Russia (1.3 million) gẹgẹ bí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọn ní àìsàn yìí jùlọ.<ref name=Lancet2011/> Bí àìsàn hepatitis C ti n gbilẹ̀ láàrin àwọn ẹlẹ́wọ̀n ní ilẹ̀ Amẹrika tó ẹni mẹ́wàá ninu ogún láàrin wọn, ní èyí tí ìwádìí sọ pé àwọn ìwà tó léwu bí i a n gba abẹ́rẹ́ sinu isan ara àti sínsín gbẹ́rẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn nnkan ṣó-n-ṣó tí wọn kò ṣè lórí iná.<ref name=Jail2010>{{cite journal|last=Imperial|first=JC|title=Chronic hepatitis C in the state prison system: insights into the problems and possible solutions.|journal=Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology|date=2010 Jun|volume=4|issue=3|pages=355–64|pmid=20528122}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Vescio|first=MF|coauthors=Longo, B, Babudieri, S, Starnini, G, Carbonara, S, Rezza, G, Monarca, R|title=Correlates of hepatitis C virus seropositivity in prison inmates: a meta-analysis.|journal=Journal of epidemiology and community health|date=2008 Apr|volume=62|issue=4|pages=305–13|pmid=18339822}}</ref> ====Fífi ojú ẹni mọ ìtọ́jú-ìlera==== Gbígba ẹ̀jẹ sí ara, èròjà ẹ̀jẹ̀, àti gbígba ẹ̀yà ara tuntun láì ya fọto HCV a màa mú ewu nlá àìsàn yìí lọ́wọ́.<ref name=AFP2010/> Ilẹ̀ Amẹrika ni o fìdí yíya fọto náà lélẹ̀ ní ọdún 1992. Láti ìgbà náà sí ni ina àìsàn náà ti n jó lọ sílẹ̀ sí ẹni kan pere nínú igba ènìyàn fún ẹ̀jẹ̀ gbìgbá<ref name=Rosen2011>{{cite book |title=Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th edition |last=Marx |first=John |authorlink= |coauthors=|year=2010 |publisher=Mosby/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia, PA |isbn=9780323054720 |page=1154 |url= }}</ref> to one in 10,000 to 10,000,000 per units of blood.<ref name=Book2011p4/><ref name=Pon2011/> Ewu kékeré yìí sí wà nítorí pé àlààfo bí i ọdún mọkanla sí àádọ́rin ọdún nín bẹ láàrin olùfẹ̀jẹ̀sílẹ̀ tí o lè ní àìsàn hepatitis C àti bí ẹ̀jẹ̀ wọn ṣe lè fihàn pé wọn ní i.<ref name=Pon2011/> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan sì wà tí wọn kò tí ì máa ya fọto ẹ̀jẹ̀ fún àyẹ̀wo àìsàn hepatitis C nítorí iye owó tí ó máa ná wọn.<ref name=World2007/> Ẹni kan tí ó ní ìpalára gígún abẹ́rẹ́ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ẹni tí ó ní HCV ṣeéṣe kí ó ní àìsàn náà ní bí i ó dín díẹ̀ ní ìdámeji ninu ọgọrun un ìgbà.<ref name=AFP2010/> Ewu náà tún ga sí i tí ó bá jẹ́ pé abẹ́rẹ́ náà bá ní ihò tí ọgbẹ́ náà sí jìn wọnú.<ref name=World2007/> Ewu lè wà láti inú kẹ̀lẹ̀bẹ̀ tàbí láti inú ẹ̀jẹ̀; sùgbọ́n ewu yìí kò ga rárá, kò sì sí ewu kan kan rárá bí ó bá jẹ́ pé ara náà kó bó lójú tàbí ní ọgbẹ́.<ref name=World2007/> Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a n lò ní ilé-ìwòsàn pẹ̀lú lè fa àìsàn hepatitis C, àwọn bí i: abẹ́rẹ́ àti ọ̀pá-abẹ́rẹ́ tí-a-tún-lò, ìgò òògùn alájùmọ̀lò, àwọn garawa fún pípo òògùn, àti àwọn irin iṣẹ́ fún iṣẹ́–abẹ tí a kò bọ̀ ní omi gbígbóná.<ref name=World2007/> Àwọn ohun-èlò iṣẹ́ ìlera àti ìtọ́jú-eyín ni n fa ọ̀pọ̀ títàn ka àìsàn HCV ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ìjíptì|Egypt]], orílẹ̀-èdè náà tí àìsàn náà ti wọ́ pọ̀ jùlọ ní àgbáyé.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.albawaba.com/en/news/highest-rates-hepatitis-c-virus-transmission-found-egypt |title=Highest Rates of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission Found in Egypt |publisher=Al Bawaba |date=2010-08-09 |accessdate=2010-08-27 |archive-date=2012-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515221938/http://www.albawaba.com/news/highest-rates-hepatitis-c-virus-transmission-found-egypt |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ====Ìbára-ẹni lò pọ̀==== A kò tí ì mọ̀ bóyá ènìyàn lè ti ipasẹ̀ ìbáraẹnilòpọ̀ kó àìsàn hepatitis C.<ref name=Sex2010>{{cite journal|author=Tohme RA, Holmberg SD |title=Is sexual contact a major mode of hepatitis C virus transmission? |journal=Hepatology |volume= 52|issue= 4|pages= 1497–505|year=2010|month=June|pmid=20635398 |doi=10.1002/hep.23808}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìbáṣepọ̀ n bẹ láàrin bíbáraẹnilòpọ̀ ní àìbìkítà àti àìsàn hepatitis C, kò han kedere bóyá títàn kálẹ̀ àìsàn náà n wá láti ipasẹ̀ lílo òògùn ni, èyí tí a kò mẹ́nu bà tàbí ní ipasẹ̀ bíbáraẹnilòpò tilẹ̀ ni.<ref name=AFP2010/> Ẹri ti n gbe eyi lẹ̀sẹ̀ ni pe ko si ewu fun àwọn onibaalopọ lakọ-labọ ti wọn ko ni ibasepọ pelu àwọn miran.<ref name=Sex2010/> ọna iba-ara-eni lo pọ ti o ba fa ọgbẹ́ ti o jin sinu eran inu iho-idi, bi i dídó-iho-idi, tàbí ẹyọ ti o sele ni igba ti eni kan ba ni àisàn gbajumọ, ninu eyi ti àisàn HIV tàbí kikọ-ila-abẹ, eyi ti o le mu ewu lowo.<ref name=Sex2010/> Ijoba orile-ede Amerika gba ni niyanju pe ki a lo kọndọọmu fun àwọn eniyan ti wọn ni onibaalopọ ti o pọ̀ sita lati lè dena àìsàn hepatitis C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis C Group Education Class|url=http://www.hepatitis.va.gov/products/HCV-education-class-script.asp|work=United States Department of Veteran Affairs|access-date=2014-01-03|archive-date=2011-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109105344/http://www.hepatitis.va.gov/products/HCV-education-class-script.asp|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ====Lílu ihò-oge sí ara ==== Fínfín-ara a maa se atọna ewu àìsàn Hepatitis C ni ilọpo meji sí mẹta ju àwọn ọna miran lọ.<ref name=Tato2010>{{cite journal|last=Jafari|first=S|coauthors=Copes, R, Baharlou, S, Etminan, M, Buxton, J|title=Tattooing and the risk of transmission of hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases|date=2010 Nov|volume=14|issue=11|pages=e928-40|pmid=20678951|url=http://natap.org/2010/HCV/tatoohcv.pdf}}</ref> Eyi le waye nipasẹ àwọn irin-iṣẹ́ tí a kò bọ̀ ní omi gbígbóná tàbí kí aró ti wọn lò ní idọti ninu.<ref name=Tato2010/> Ara-fínfín tàbí lilu iho-oge si ara ti wọn n se ni bi aarin ọdun 1980 tàbí eyi ti àwọn ti kò kọ ise naa n se ni o jẹ eyi ti o n ko ni lominu jọjọ, ni iwọn bi o ti je pe ọna ti wọn n gba bọ àwọn irin-iṣẹ́ naa ní omi gbígbóná le ma ba oju mu tó ni iru ibi bẹẹ. O dabi pe ewu naa si kuku ga nigba ti a ba n so nipa ara-fínfín.<ref name=Tato2010/> o fẹrẹ to ilaji àwọn elewon ti wọn maa n se àpínlò àwọn irin-iṣẹ́ fínfín-ara naa ti wọn kò bọ ní omi gbígbóná.<ref name=Tato2010/> O ṣòro ki ara-fínfín ti a ṣe ni ile-oge ti o ni iwe-aṣẹ fa àisàn HCV si ago-ara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis C|url=http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HCV/PDFs/HepCGeneralFactSheet.pdf|work=Center for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref> ====Fífi ra kan ẹjẹ̀==== Àwọn ohun itọju ara bi i abẹfẹlẹ, burọọsi-eyin, ati àwọn irin-iṣẹ́ ṣíṣe ọwọ tàbí fun ṣíṣe ẹ́sẹ́ lóge lè kan ẹ̀jẹ. Pínpín wọn lò lè ṣe okunfa ewu àisàn HCV.<ref name="pmid16907842">{{cite journal |author=Lock G, Dirscherl M, Obermeier F, ''et al.'' |title=Hepatitis C —contamination of toothbrushes: myth or reality? |journal=J. Viral Hepat. |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=571–3 |year=2006 |month=September |pmid=16907842|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00735.x |url=}}</ref><ref name=CDC12/> Àwọn eniyan ni lati ṣọra pelu ọgbẹ́ ati egbo tàbí àwọn ohun miran ti o le mu ara ṣe ẹ̀jẹ.<ref name=CDC12/> Eniyan ki i ko àìsàn HCV nipa ara-kan-ara lasan, bi i didi mọ ni, fifi-ẹnu-ko-ẹnu, tàbí nipa ajọlo ohun-elo ijẹun tàbí ohun-elo sise-ounje.<ref name=CDC12>{{cite web |url= http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HCV/HCVfaq.htm#section2|title=Hepatitis C |work=FAQ – CDC Viral Hepatitis |accessdate=2 Jan 2012}}</ref> ====Kiko arun ọmọ láti ara Ìyá==== Kiko àìsàn hepatitis C lati ara iya si ara omo ko to ida mewaa ninu ogorun un lara àwọn ti wọn loyun.<ref name=Preg10>{{cite journal|last=Lam|first=NC|coauthors=Gotsch, PB, Langan, RC|title=Caring for pregnant women and newborns with hepatitis B or C.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2010-11-15_82_10/page/1225|journal=American family physician|date=2010-11-15|volume=82|issue=10|pages=1225–9|pmid=21121533}}</ref> Kò si odiwọn kankan ti o yi ewu yii pada.<ref name=Preg10/> Kiko àìsàn le sele ni akoko oyun tàbí ni akoko ibimo.<ref name=Pon2011/> Irobi ti o gun maa n saaba fa ewu kiko àìsàn naa.<ref name=World2007/> Ko si eri kankan pe fifun-omo-ni-ọyàn maa n tan àìsàn HCV kale; sibe, ki iya naa ti o ni àìsàn yii ma se fun ọmọ ni ọyàn mu ti ori ọyàn re ba la tàbí ti o ba n se ẹ̀jẹ,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mast EE |title=Mother-to-infant hepatitis C virus transmission and breastfeeding |journal=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology|volume=554 |pages=211–6|year=2004|pmid=15384578}}</ref> tàbí ti kokoro-àìsàn ba pọ lara re.<ref name=Pon2011/> ==Ìmọ̀lára-àìsàn== [[Image:Hepatitis C serology.png|thumb|250px|Ayẹwo ẹ̀jẹ fun àisàn Hepatitis C]] Lara àwọn ayẹwo ara fun àisàn hepatitis C ni: ayẹwo ota-ara fun HCV , ayẹwo ELISA, ayẹwo Western blot, ati ayẹwo RNA HCV .<ref name=AFP2010/> Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) le kẹfin HCV RNA ni bi i ọṣẹ kan si meji leyin àisàn, nigba ti àwọn ota-ara yii le gba akoko ti o gun si i ki wọn to le ko ara jọ lati fi ara han.<ref name=Tah2009/> Àisàn hepatitis C je àisàn ti o ti wọ ara gan an eyi ti kòkòrò-àrùn hepatitis C n ba ara wọ ija ju osu mefa lọ, ti o da lori pe RNA re n be ninu agọ-ara.<ref name=Book2011>{{cite book|title=Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Advances in Treatment, Promise for the Future.|year=2011|publisher=Springer Verlag|isbn=9781461411918|pages=103–104|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=6G7mff5DnBQC&pg=PA104}}</ref> Nitori pe àrùn ti o ba ti wọ ara ki i ni ìmọ̀lára-àìsàn fun aimọye odun,<ref name=Book2011/> àwọn onise-iwadii-ilera a maa kẹfin re nipasẹ ayẹwo iṣẹ ẹdọ tàbí ni akoko ti wọn ba n se ayẹwo àwọn ti o seese ki àrùn wọle si lara. Sise ayẹwo ko le sọ iyatọ laarin boya àisàn ga ni ara tàbí pe o ti wọ ẹni naa lara gan.<ref name=World2007/> ===Àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀=== Àyẹ̀wò àrùn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ C bẹrẹ pelu àwọn àyęwÒ ęję lati ṣawari awọn ohun ajoji ara si HCV nipa lilo ęnsáímùimmunoassay. <ref name=AFP2010/> bi ayẹwo yii ba jẹ bẹẹ, a o tun ṣe ayẹwo lẹẹkeji lati jẹri immunoassay ati lati mọ bi o se nípọn-sí. <ref name=AFP2010/> Amúpọ immunoblot assay ṣèjẹri immunoassay naa, ati pe iṣokunfa isopọ HCV RNA polymerase fa ilewu. <ref name=AFP2010/> Bi kobasi RNA ti immunoblot is jẹ bẹẹ, iru eniyan naa ni àkóràn tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n ó ṣàmúkúrò rẹ̀ yala nipa itọju ni tabi lọgan; bi immunoblot naa kobasi, aṣiṣe ni immunoassay naa. <ref name=AFP2010/> Yoo to ọsẹ mẹfa si mẹjọ lẹhin akoran ki ayẹwo immunoassay to jẹ bẹẹ. <ref name=ID2010/> Ẹnsáímù ẹdọ jẹ oriṣirisi ni ibẹrẹ àkÓràn;<ref name=Book2011/> ní gbígbé gègélé wọn maa n dagba ni ọsẹ meje lehin akoran.<ref name=ID2010/> Ẹnsaimu ẹdọ ko farajọ àrùn tÓ nípọn. .<ref name=ID2010/> ===Iṣayẹwò tiṣu=== Iṣayẹwo tiṣu Ẹdọ le ṣafihan ipele, tí ẹdọ ti bàjẹ dé ṣugbọn ewu wa ninu ilana yii. <ref name=NEJM2011/> Irufẹ awỌn iyàtỌ ti iṣayẹwo tiṣu se àwárí rę ni limfosaites laarin tiṣu ẹdọ, awọn limfọidi foliku ninu pọta tíráyádì, ati awon iyipada si apo ÒrÓ-ǹ-ro. <ref name=NEJM2011/> Oriṣirisi ayẹwo ẹjẹ lowa ti o gbiyanju lati safihan ipele idibàję ati ìdínkù ìdí fun iṣayẹwo tiṣu. <ref name=NEJM2011/> ===Iṣewadi=== Bii márùn ún si àádỌta ninu ỌgỌrun awọn eniyan ti o ni àrùn ni United States ati Canada ni o mọ ipo àrùn wọn. <ref name=Tato2010/> Iṣayẹwo jẹ ohun ti awọn eniyan ti o wa nipele ewu gbọdọ ṣe, eyi ti o si kan awọn ti o n fíra pẹlu. <ref name=Tato2010/> Iṣewadi ṣe pataki fun awọn ti o ni arun ensaimu ẹdọ niwọn igba ti o jẹ wipe eyi nikan ni ami ìdánimỌ fun Ògbó-ló-gbὸó àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ ti o le. .<ref>{{cite journal|last=Senadhi|first=V|title=A paradigm shift in the outpatient approach to liver function tests.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_southern-medical-journal_2011-07_104_7/page/521|journal=Southern medical journal|date=2011 Jul|volume=104|issue=7|pages=521–5|pmid=21886053}}</ref> Iṣayẹwo lóórè-kóὸrè ko se ìtęwọgbà gba ni United States.<ref name=AFP2010>{{cite journal|last=Wilkins|first=T|coauthors=Malcolm, JK, Raina, D, Schade, RR|title=Hepatitis C: diagnosis and treatment.|journal=American family physician|date=2010-06-01|volume=81|issue=11|pages=1351–7|pmid=20521755|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0601/p1351.html }}</ref> ==Dídádúró== Ti ti di 2011, ko si abęrę fun àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ C. Awon abęrę ṣi wa ni ipele imudagba, ati wipe awọn kan si ti fi esi iwunilori han.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Halliday|first=J|coauthors=Klenerman, P, Barnes, E|title=Vaccination for hepatitis C virus: closing in on an evasive target.|journal=Expert review of vaccines|date=2011 May|volume=10|issue=5|pages=659–72|pmid=21604986|doi=10.1586/erv.11.55}}</ref> Àgbájọpọ awọn ìlànà ìdádúró, gẹgẹbi awọn ètὸ fun ipàsípààrọ abęrę ati itọju fun oὸgùn ìlòkulò, jęki ewu àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ C laarin awọn to ngbabęrę oògùn inu iṣan dinku si ìdá marun-din-lọgọrin ninu ọgọrun.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hagan|first=H|coauthors=Pouget, ER, Des Jarlais, DC|title=A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to prevent hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-infectious-diseases_2011-07-01_204_1/page/74|journal=The Journal of infectious diseases|date=2011-07-01|volume=204|issue=1|pages=74–83|pmid=21628661}}</ref> Iṣewadii awọn olufęjẹsilẹ ṣe pataki ni orilẹ- ede, gẹgẹbi o ṣe wa ni ibamu pęlu titęle àkíyèsára gbogbogbòò ni ti ilera.<ref name=ID2010/> Ni awọn orilẹ ede ti awon abęrę ti a ti fọ kὸ pọ tó, awọn olutọju gbọdọ funni l’ogun lilo dipo gígún ni abẹrẹ.<ref name=World2007/> ==Itọju== HCV nfa akoran lile laarin àádọta si ọgọrin ninu ọgọrun awon ẹni ti o ni akoran. Lapapọ ida ogoji si ọgọrin ninu ọgọrun awon to ni àrùn na ni o ri ìwὸsan nipa ìtọjú. <ref>{{cite journal|last=Torresi|first=J|coauthors=Johnson, D, Wedemeyer, H|title=Progress in the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines for hepatitis C virus.|journal=Journal of hepatology|date=2011 Jun|volume=54|issue=6|pages=1273–85|pmid=21236312|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2010.09.040}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ilyas|first=JA|coauthors=Vierling, JM|title=An overview of emerging therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.|journal=Clinics in liver disease|date=2011 Aug|volume=15|issue=3|pages=515–36|pmid=21867934}}</ref> Ni ọna ti ko wọpọ, akoran le lọ laiṣe itọju.<ref name=Book2011p4/> Awọn ti o ni ògbólógbòó àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ C gbọdọ yẹra fun ọtí-líle ati oògùn to lewu fun ẹdọ,<ref name=AFP2010/> ki wọn si gba abęrę àjęsára fun hepatitis A ati hepatitis B.<ref name=AFP2010/> Awọn ti o ni sí-ró-sì-sì gbọdọ ṣe ayẹwo Ọtira-sá-ùnd fun arun ẹjẹ jẹdọjẹdọ.<ref name=AFP2010/> ===Oògùn Lílò=== Awọn ti o ni akoran segesege ẹdọ HCV to daju gbọdọ lọ fun itọju. <ref name=AFP2010/> Itọju tó wà bayi jẹ apapọ pegylated interferon ati ogun asodisi kokoro ribavirin fun ọsẹ 24 tabi 48, ti o da lori irufẹ HCV.<ref name=AFP2010/> Abajade to yanranti nṣẹlẹ fun àádọta si ọgọta ninu ìdá ọgọrun awọn eniyan ti a ṣetọju.<ref name=AFP2010/> Àpapọ yala boceprevir tabi telaprevir pẹlu ribavirin ati peginterferon alfa nse iranlowo fun aṣodisi kὸkὸrὸ fun irúfẹ ẹjẹ 1 ti abajade arun jẹdọjẹdọ C.<ref name="pmid21828346">{{cite journal | author = Foote BS, Spooner LM, Belliveau PP | title = Boceprevir: a protease inhibitor for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-pharmacotherapy_2011-09_45_9/page/1085 | journal = Ann Pharmacother | volume = 45| issue = 9 | pages = 1085–93 | year = 2011 | month = September | pmid = 21828346 | doi = 10.1345/aph.1P744 }}</ref><ref name="pmid21558488">{{cite journal | author = Smith LS, Nelson M, Naik S, Woten J | title = Telaprevir: an NS3/4A protease inhibitor for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-pharmacotherapy_2011-05_45_5/page/639 |journal = Ann Pharmacother | volume = 45 | issue = 5 | pages = 639–48 | year = 2011 | month = May | pmid = 21558488 | doi = 10.1345/aph.1P430}}</ref><ref name="pmid21898493">{{cite journal | author = Ghany MG, Nelson DR, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB | title = An update on treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus infection: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases | journal = Hepatology | volume = 54 | issue = 4 | pages = 1433–44 | year = 2011 | month = October | pmid = 21898493 | pmc = 3229841 | doi = 10.1002/hep.24641}}</ref> Awon abayọri fun itọju wọpọ; idaji awọn ti a tọju ni, ami ìdánimọ àrùn ayỌkęlę; ati irírí kẹta ní ìṣÒro imọlára.<ref name=AFP2010/> Itọju ni oṣu mẹfa akọkọ dara ju itọju lẹhin ti àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ C ba ti lewu.<ref name=Tah2009/> Bi eniyan kan bani akoran titun ti ko si tii kuro lẹhin oṣu mẹjọ si mejila, a gba iru ęni bęę niyanju lati lo pegylated interferon fun Ọsę mẹrinlelogun.<ref name=Tah2009/> Fun awọn ti o ni talasémíà (a blood disorder), ribavirin dara, ṣugbọn yoo fa gbigba ẹjẹ.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Alavian SM, Tabatabaei SV |title=Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in polytransfused thalassaemic patients: a meta-analysis |journal=J. Viral Hepat.|volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=236–44 |year=2010 |month=April |pmid=19638104|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01170.x }}</ref> <!--===Oògun Ibilẹ=== --> Awọn alatilẹhin sọ pe itọju nipa lilo oògun ibilę yoo wulo fun àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ C pẹlu wàràa thistle, ginseng, ati kọlọida silfa.<ref name="NCCAM">[http://nccam.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/hepatitisC-science.htm?nav=cd Hepatitis C and CAM: What the Science Says]. ''[[NCCAM]]'' March 2011. (Retrieved 07 March 2011)</ref> Sibẹsibe, ko si oògùn ìbílẹ ti o wo àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ C, ko si si àrídájú ẹrí pe oògùn ibilẹ ni agbára lóri kòkòrò na rárá.<ref name=NCCAM/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Liu|first=J|coauthors=Manheimer, E, Tsutani, K, Gluud, C|title=Medicinal herbs for hepatitis C virus infection: a Cochrane hepatobiliary systematic review of randomized trials.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-gastroenterology_2003-03_98_3/page/538|journal=The American journal of gastroenterology|date=2003 Mar|volume=98|issue=3|pages=538–44|pmid=12650784}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Rambaldi|first=A|coauthors=Jacobs, BP, Gluud, C|title=Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases.|journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=2007-10-17|issue=4|pages=CD003620|pmid=17943794}}</ref> ==Imọtẹlẹ== Didaraya nipa itọju yatọ gęgębi irúfẹ ẹyà ẹjẹ ti ję. Dida ara fun igba pipę ję 40-50% ninu awọn eniyan ti o ni irufẹ ẹjẹ 1 HCV pẹlu itọju ọsẹ mejidinlaadọta .<ref name=NEJM2011/> Dida ara wa ni ida 70-80% ninu awọn eniyan ti o ni irufẹ ẹjẹ 2 ati 3 HCV pẹlu itọju ọsẹ mẹrinlelogun .<ref name=NEJM2011/> Dida ara wa ni ida 65% ninu awọn eniyan ti o ni irufẹ ẹjẹ 4 pẹlu itọju laarin Ọsę mejidinlaadọta. Ẹri itọju arun irufẹ ẹjẹ 6 ko wọpọ, ẹri itọju ti o wa si jẹ bi ọsẹ mejidinlaadọta ni irufẹ iye oògun kanna pẹlu àrùn irufẹ ẹjẹ 1.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fung J, Lai CL, Hung I, ''et al.'' |title=Chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 6 infection: response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-infectious-diseases_2008-09-15_198_6/page/808 |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=198 |issue=6|pages=808–12 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18657036 |doi=10.1086/591252}}</ref> ==Ẹ̀kọ́ ìtànkálę àrùn== [[Image:HCV prevalence 1999.png|atampako|thumb|Itankalẹ arun jẹdọjẹdọ C lagbaye ni 1999]] [[Image:Hepatitis C world map - DALY - WHO2004.svg|thumb|[[Disability-adjusted life year]] fun arun jẹdọjẹdọ ni 2004 lori 100,000 olugbe kan {{Multicol}} {{legend|#b3b3b3|no data}} {{legend|#ffff65|<10}} {{legend|#fff200|10-15}} {{legend|#ffdc00|15-20}} {{legend|#ffc600|20-25}} {{legend|#ffb000|25-30}} {{legend|#ff9a00|30-35}} {{Multicol-break}} {{legend|#ff8400|35-40}} {{legend|#ff6e00|40-45}} {{legend|#ff5800|45-50}} {{legend|#ff4200|50-75}} {{legend|#ff2c00|75–100}} {{legend|#cb0000|>100}} {{Multicol-end}}]] Laarin 130 ati 170 milionu eniyan, tabi ~3% ida męta ninu Ọgọrun awọn eniyan agbaye, ni o ni arun jẹdọjẹdọ to lewu.<ref name=WHO2011/> Laarin 3-4 miliọnu eniyan ni o ni arun yii lọdọọdun, ati ju 350,000 eniyan ni o n ku lọdọọdun lati ọwọ arun ti o jẹmọ arun jẹdọjẹdọ C.<ref name=WHO2011/> Iye-nísirò ti pọ gidigidi ni 20th century lori adapọ IDU ati ipoogun intravenous tabi lilo ohun oogun laifọ.<ref name="World2007"/> Ni United States, ida meji ninu ọgọrun awọn eniyan ni o ni arun jẹdọjẹdọ C,<ref name=AFP2010/> Pẹlu 35,000 si 185,000 oriṣirisi awọn isęlę titun lọdọọdun. Iye-nísirò ti dinku ni iwọ oòrùn lati 1990 eyi to da lori iṣayẹwo ẹjẹ fínnífínní ki a to fa sara ẹlòmíran.<ref name=Tah2009/> Ikú ọdọọdún nipase HCV ni United States to lati ęgbęrùn męjọ si ęgbęrùn męwàá. Ireti nipe iye eniyan to nku yoo pọsi nigba ti awọn ti ó kó àrun nipa gbigba ęję sara ba ṣàìsàn tabi ku ṣaaju ayẹwo HCV.<ref>{{cite book|last=Colacino|first=ed. by J. M.|title=Hepatitis prevention and treatment|year=2004|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Basel|isbn=9783764359560|pages=32|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=KwSWN_QtVLUC&pg=PA32|coauthors=Heinz, B. A.}}</ref> Iye-nísirò akoran kokoro ga ni awọn orilẹ ede kan ni Afrika ati Asia.<ref>{{cite book|last=al.]|first=edited by Gary W. Brunette ... [et|title=CDC health information for international travel : the Yellow Book 2012|publisher=Oxford University|location=New York|isbn=9780199769018|pages=231|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=597F4ZVu7eQC&pg=PT231}}</ref> Awon orilẹ ede ti o ni iye akoran kokoro ti o ga ni Egypt (22%), Pakistan (4.8%) ati China (3.2%).<ref name=WHO2011>{{cite web | title=WHO Hepatitis C factsheet|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/index.html | year=2011 |accessdate=2011-07-13}}</ref> Giga rẹ ni Egypt so mọ ìdádúró ìpolongo ìtọjú gbogbogbòò fun schistosomiasis, lilo abẹrẹ onídígí ti a ko fọ mọ daradara.<ref name=World2007/> ==Akọọlẹ itàn== Ni akoko kan laarin awọn ọdun 1970, Harvey J. Alter, Olori Ẹka ti Akoran Arun ni Ẹka Ogun Ifẹjẹ funni ni National Institutes of Health, ati awọn ẹlẹgbẹ iwadii rẹ ṣafihan pe ọpọ- blood transfusion arun jẹdọjẹdọ kii ṣe lati kokoro hepatitis A tabi B. Pẹlu awari yii, akitiyan iwadi agbaye lati ṣawari kokoro yii kuna fun ọdun mẹwa ti o tẹle. Ni 1987, Michael Houghton, Qui-Lim Choo, ati George Kuo ni Chiron Corporation, pẹlu ajọṣepọ Dr. D.W. Bradley lati Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, lo ọna molecular cloning titun lati ṣawari ohun abẹmi aimọ ati imudagba awari ayẹwo.<ref name = Boyer>{{cite book | isbn = 9780792387602 | last = Boyer | first = JL | title = Liver cirrhosis and its development: proceedings of the Falk Symposium 115 | pages = [http://books.google.ca/books?id=n5P696E7T0wC&pg=PA344#v=onepage&q&f=false 344] | publisher =[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] | year = 2001 }}</ref> Ni 1988, Alter ṣejẹri kokoro naa nipa jijẹri wíwà rẹ ninu pánẹ̀ẹlì non A non B apẹẹrẹ arun jẹdọjẹdọ. Ni oṣu Igbe (kęrin) 1989, awarii HCV ni a tẹ jade ninu akọsilẹ meji ninu jọ́nà ''Science''.<ref name="choo">{{cite journal|author=Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M |title=Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1989-04-21_244_4902/page/359 |journal=Science |volume=244 |issue=4902 |pages=359–62 |year=1989 |month=April |pmid=2523562 |doi=10.1126/science.2523562}}</ref><ref name="kuo">{{cite journal |author=Kuo G, Choo QL, Alter HJ, ''et al.'' |title=An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1989-04-21_244_4902/page/362 |journal=Science |volume=244 |issue=4902 |pages=362–4 |year=1989 |month=April |pmid=2496467 |doi=10.1126/science.2496467}}</ref> Awari yii jasi aṣeyọri toṣee tọkasi ninu awari ati imúgbòòrò itọju aṣodisi kòkòrò.<ref name = Boyer/> Ni ọdun 2000, Drs. Alter ati Houghton ni a bu ọla fun lati Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research fun "aṣaju iṣẹ to jasi awari kokoro ti o n fa arun jẹdọjẹdọ C ati imudagba ọna ti o n din ewu ti o rọmọ ifẹjẹ funni ti o fa arun jẹdọjẹdọ ni U.S lati ida 30% ni 1970 di ofo ni 2000."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080225184627/http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/library/2000clinical.shtml2000 Winners Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research], The Lasker Foundation. Retrieved 20 February 2008.</ref> Chiron ṣelana fun oriṣirisi iwe aṣẹ lori kokoro ati iwadi rẹ.<ref name="houghton">Houghton, M., Q.-L. Choo, and G. Kuo. ''NANBV Diagnostics and Vaccines.'' European Patent No. EP-0-3 18-216-A1. European Patent Office (filed 18 November 1988, published 31 May 1989).</ref> Gbigba aṣẹ to yanranti lati ọwọ CDC ni a kọ ni 1990 lẹhin ti Chiron san $1.9 million fun CDC ati $337,500 fun Bradley. Ni 1994, Bradley pe Chiron lẹjọ, o n wa ọna lati fagile aṣẹ naa, o fẹ lati jẹ pe oun wa lara awọn to jumọ ṣawari rẹ, ki o si gba owo itọna. O kọ ipẹjọ naa ni 1998 nigba ti o padanu ẹjọ ni ile ẹjọ kotẹmi lọrun .<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilken|first=Judge|title=United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit|url=http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/federal/judicial/fed/opinions/96opinions/96-1536.html|work=United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit|accessdate=11 January 2012}}</ref> ==Àwùjọ àti àṣà== The World Hepatitis Alliance coordinates World Hepatitis Day, waye lọdọọdun ni July 28.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Eurosurveillance editorial|first=team|title=World Hepatitis Day 2011.|journal=Euro surveillance : bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin|date=2011-07-28|volume=16|issue=30|pmid=21813077}}</ref> Inawo ori arun jẹdọjẹdọ C nipa lori olukuluku ati si awujọ. Ni United States iwọn owo igbe aye arun naa ni a ṣiro si 33,407 USD ni 2003,<ref name=Cost2006>{{cite journal|last=Wong|first=JB|title=Hepatitis C: cost of illness and considerations for the economic evaluation of antiviral therapies.|journal=PharmacoEconomics|year=2006|volume=24|issue=7|pages=661–72|pmid=16802842}}</ref> pẹlu apapọ iye igbin ẹdọ si ara jẹ 200,000 USD ni 2011.<ref name=Iye owó2011/> Ni Canada iye owo ẹkọ itọju aṣodikokoro gaa bii 30,000 CAD ni 2003,<ref>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis C Prevention, Support and Research ProgramHealth Canada|url=http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hepc/pubs/psrpmideval-ppsrevalinter/i_problem-eng.php|work=Public Health Agency of Canada|accessdate=10 January 2012|month=Nov|year=2003}}</ref> nigba ti iye owo ti United States wa laarin 9,200 ati 17,600 ni 1998 USD.<ref name= Iye owó2006/> Ni ọpọ ibi lagbaye ni awọn eniyan kole san owo itọju aṣodikokoro yi nitori wọn koni idábòbò adíyelófò tabi idíyelófò ti wọn ni kole sanwo aṣodikokoro naa. <ref>{{cite book|last=Zuckerman|first=edited by Howard Thomas, Stanley Lemon, Arie|title=Viral Hepatitis.|year=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Oxford|isbn=9781405143882|pages=532|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=nT2dauLXoYAC&pg=PA532|edition=3rd ed.}}</ref> ==Ìwádìí== Ni 2011, bii ọgọọrun awon oògùn itọju ni won nse iwadi re lowo fun àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ C.<ref name= Iye owó2011>{{cite journal|last=El Khoury|first=A. C.|coauthors=Klimack, W. K., Wallace, C., Razavi, H.|title=Economic burden of hepatitis C-associated diseases in the United States|journal=Journal of Viral Hepatitis|date=1 December 2011|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01563.x}}</ref> Lara awọn oogun naa ni ogun itọju lati wo àrùn jẹdọjẹdọ, immunomodulators, ati cyclophilin oludilọwọ.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ahn|first=J|coauthors=Flamm, SL|title=Hepatitis C therapy: other players in the game|journal=Clinics in liver disease|date=2011 Aug|volume=15|issue=3|pages=641–56|pmid=21867942|doi=10.1016/j.cld.2011.05.008}}</ref> Awọn ọna tituun itọju yii waye nipa imọsi lori kokoro àrùn jẹdojẹdọ C.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vermehren|first=J|coauthors=Sarrazin, C|title=New HCV therapies on the horizon.|journal=Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases|date=2011 Feb|volume=17|issue=2|pages=122–34|pmid=21087349}}</ref> ==Itọkasi== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category:Medical articles translated from English]] 7uutbd8jixen30hj17fzofzs9h2vhek Kúrùpù 0 60856 632184 585376 2026-08-19T19:55:23Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Disease | Name =Croup | Image =Croup steeple sign.jpg | Caption = The [[steeple sign]] as seen on an AP neck X-ray of a child with croup | DiseasesDB = 13233 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|J|05|0|j|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|464.4}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000959 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 510 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|370}} {{eMedicine2|radio|199}} | MeshID = D003440 }} '''Kúrùpù''' (tabi '''laringotrakiobronkaitis''') jẹ arun nipa mimi ti o lewu gan-an ti o maa nwaye nipa aisan ọ̀nà-atẹgun oke. Arun yii maa nfa wiwu ninu ọ̀nàfun. Wiwu yii maa nfa idiwọ fun mimi deede; awọn aami aisan Kúrùpù ni [[ikọ́]] "gbígbó", [[idiwọ ọnafun]] (mimi ti o ngbọn ti ìró rẹ lọ soke), ati [[ohùn kíkẹ̀]]. Awọn aami aisan kúrùpù le ma nira, mọ niwọnba, tabi lewu, ti o si le nira ni òru. Fifun ni oògùn [[sitẹriodu]] lẹẹkan lati ẹnu le ṣe abojuto arun naa. Nigba miiran [[epinifini]] ni a maa nlo fun awọn iṣẹlẹ ti o lewu gan-an. Kii saba nilo ki a da ni duro ni ile-iwosan. A maa nda kúrùpù mọ nipa iṣẹ iwadi iṣegun oyinbo, ni kete ti a ba ti ya awọn okunfa aami aisan ti o lewu gan-an sọtọ (fun apẹẹrẹ, [[epiglottitis]] tabi nkan [[ti o ṣe ajẹji si oju-ọ̀nà atẹgun]]). Awọn iwadi siwaju sii—bii awọn ayẹwo ẹjẹ, [[X-rays]], ati mimu kokoro dagba nipa amu nkan dagba ni yara iwadi—ni a ko nilo. Kúrùpù jẹ iṣẹlẹ ti o wọpọ ti a maa nri ninu ida marundinlogun ninu ọgọrun (15%)awọn ọmọde, ti ọjọ ori wọn jẹ oṣu mẹfa (6 months)si ọdun marun si mẹfa (5–6 years). Awọn ogo-wẹrẹ tabi agbalagba kii saba ni kúrùpù. == Awọn aami aisan== {{listen | filename = Idiwọ ọnafun 2OGG.ogg | title = Idiwọ ọnafun | description = Inspiratory and expiratory stridor in a 13 month child with croup. | format = [[Ogg]] }} Awọn aami aisan kúrùpù ni ninu [[ikọ́]]"gbígbó", [[idiwọ ọnafun]](mimi ti o ngbọn), [[ohun kíkẹ̀]], ati [[inira pẹlu mimi|mimi ti o nira]] eyiti o maa nnira ni òru.<ref name=Au10>{{cite journal |author=Rajapaksa S, Starr M |title=Croup – assessment and management |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=39|issue=5 |pages=280–2 |year=2010 |month=May |pmid=20485713 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Ikọ́ "gbígbó" naa ni a maa nsaba ṣ’apejuwe wipe o jọ ìpè[[Pinniped| erinmi]] tabi [[kiniun okun]].<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> [[Si sọkun]] le mu ki mimi ti o ngbọn naa ki o buru si; mimi ti o ngbọn le tunmọ si wipe ọ̀nà-atẹgun ti dinku. Bi kúrùpù ba ṣe nburu sii, mimi ti o ngbọn le dinku gan-an.<ref name=Au10/> Awọn aami aisan miiran ni ninu [[ibà]], [[coryza]] (awọn aami aisan to wọpọ fun [[otutu]]), ati [[egungun igbaya]] ti o sa wọle.<ref name=Au10/><ref name=Alberta07>{{cite web |url=http://www.childhealthbc.ca/resources/category/5-croup?download=13%3Acroup-guideline |format=PDF|title=Diagnosis and Management of Croup |work=BC Children’s Hospital Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines |accessdate=}}</ref> [[Dida itọ́ lẹnu]] tabi ìwò alaisan nṣe afihan awọn ipo aisan miiran.<ref name=Alberta07/> ==Awọn okunfa== Fairọsi le fa kúrùpù.<ref name=Au10/><ref name=PedN09/> Awọn eniyan kan lo ọrọ naa lati ni ninu[[laringotrakiaitisi]]ti o lewu, kúrùpù ti o ṣẹlẹ logiji fun igba diẹ, laringeal diphtheria, [[trakiatisi ti bakiteriali fa]], laringotrakiobronkaitisi, ati laringotrakiaobronkoneumonitisi. Ipo meji akọkọ ni ninu fairọsi kan ti o si ni aami aisan ti ko nira; awọn mẹrin ti o kẹyin maa nwaye lati ọwọ bakiteria wọn si maa nlewu gan-an.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> ===Ti o niiṣe pẹlu fairọsi=== Ninu ida marundinlọgọrin (75%) iṣẹlẹ [[parainfluensa fairọsi]], oriṣi 1 ati 2, ni fairọsi ti o nfa kúrùpù/laringotrakiatisi ti o lewu gan-an.<ref name=Croup09/> Awọn fairọsi miiran ti o le fa kúrùpù ni [[influenza]] A ati B, [[measles]], [[adenofairọsi]] ati [[respiratory syncytial virus]] (RSV).<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> Kúrùpù ti o ṣẹlẹ logiji fun igba diẹ (kúrùpù ti o ni gbígbó) maa nwaye nitori iru ẹgbẹ fairọsi kanna bii ti o lewu gan-an laryngotracheitis, ṣugbọn kii saba ni awọn aami arun ti o wọpọ (bii iba, ọ̀nà-ọfun ti o ndun ni, ati [[sẹẹli ẹjẹ funfun ti o lọ silẹ]]) ninu.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> Abojuto, ati idahun si abojuto naa tun jọra.<ref name=Croup09/> ===Ti o niiṣe pẹlu Bakiteria=== Kúrùpù ti o niiṣe pẹlu bakiteria ṣee pin si laryngeal diphtheria, bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, ati laringotrakiobronkopneumonitisi.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> Laringeal diphtheria maa nwaye nitori ''[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]'' nigbati bakiteria trakitisi, laringotrackiobronkaitisi, ati laringotrakobronkopneumonitisi maa nwaye nitori fairọsi, pẹlu bakiteria ti o lọwọ sii. Awọn bakiteria ti o wọpọ julọ ni''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Hemophilus influenzae]]'', ati ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]''.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> ==Abajade ti o niiṣe pẹlu aisan== Arun fairọsi maa nwo inu [[awọn sẹẹli ẹjẹ funfun]] ti o si ma nfa wiwu [[larynx]], [[Vertebrate trachea|trachea]], ati [[ẹ̀dọ̀-f ọ́ọ́rọ́]] nla<ref name=PedN09/> (ọ̀nà-atẹgun ). Wiwu le jẹ ki mi i ki o nira.<ref name=PedN09/> ==Ṣiṣe ayẹwo== {| class="wikitable" style = "float: right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center" |+ '''The Westley Score: Classification of croup severity'''<ref name=Croup09/><ref name=Peds99/> |- ! rowspan="2" |Feature ! colspan="6" |Number of points assigned for this feature |- !0 !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 |- | Chest wall<br /> retraction | width="80"|None | width="80"|Mild | width="80"|Moderate | width="80"|Severe | width="80"| | width="80"| |- | [[Stridor]] | None | With<br /> agitation | At rest | | | |- | [[Cyanosis]] | None | | | | With<br /> agitation | At rest |- | [[Ipele iwalaaye|Ipele<br />iwalaaye]] | Normal | | | | | Disoriented |- | Air entry | Normal | Decreased | Markedly decreased | | | |- |} Kúrùpù jẹ eyiti a maa nmọ nipa iṣẹ iwadi iṣegun oyinbo.<ref name=PedN09/> Igbese akoko ni lati yo kuro awọn iṣẹlẹ idiwo ni ọ̀nà-atẹgun oke, papa julọ [[epiglottitis]], oju-ọ̀nà atẹgun [[nkan ajẹji]], [[subglottic stenosis]], [[angioedema]], [[retropharyngeal abscess]], and[[Tracheitis#Bacterial_tracheitis|bacterial tracheitis]].<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/><ref name=PedN09/> A o kii saba ṣe ayẹwo [[X-ray]] ti orun,<ref name=PedN09/> ṣugbọn bi a ba ṣee, o le ṣe afihan abuda didiku trachea, ti a npe ni [[aami sonso ori òrùlé]], nitori bi nkan naa ti ri dabi sonso ori òrùlé ti sọọsi [[Sonso (nipa ile-kikọ)|sonso]]. Aami sonso ori òrùlé kii farahan ninu ilaji awọn iṣẹlẹ.<ref name=Alberta07/> Awọn [[Ayẹwo ẹjẹ]] ati [[viral culture]] (awọn ayẹwo fairọsi) le fa irira ti ko nilo fun oju-ọ̀nà atẹgun.<ref name=PedN09/> Nigbati awọn viral mimu kokoro dagba nipa amu nkan dagba ni yara iwadi, ti a gba nipase ilepa [[nasopharyngeal]] (ọ̀nà kan ti a nlo rọba ti o ni alafo ninu lati fa ikun imu jade ninu imu), ṣee lo lati jẹrisi ni pato ohun ti o ṣe okunfa. A maa ndekun lilo awọn mimu kokoro dagba nipa amu nkan dagba ni yara iwadi yii l’ọpọ igba fun awọn eto iṣẹ iwadi.<ref name=Au10/> Bi nkan ko ba gberu pẹlu abojuto ti o kun oju oṣunwọn, a le ṣe awọn ayẹwo siwaju sii lati ṣayẹwo fun bakiteria.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> ;Severity Idiye Westley ni ọ̀nà eto ti o wọpọ julọ lati sọ bi kúrùpù ṣe lewu si. A maa nlo ayẹwo yii fun awọn ète iwadi dipo iṣẹ iṣegun oyinbo.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM">{{cite journal |author=Cherry JD |title=Clinical practice. Croup |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=358 |issue=4 |pages=384–91 |year=2008 |pmid=18216359 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/358/4/384 |access-date=2014-01-03 |archivedate=2010-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105072145/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/358/4/384 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> O jẹ akọjọ iye awọn aami ti a yan fun awọn abuda marun: ipele imolara, ti o ni àwọ̀-bulu, idiwọ ọnafun, bi atẹgun ṣe nwọle, ati si sunki.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> Iye aami ti a fi fun ọkọọkan awọn abuda ni a ṣe akọjọ ninu tabili ti o wa lọwọ ọtun, ati iye abajade aami wa laarin oodo si ẹẹtadinlogun (0 to 17).<ref name=Peds99/> * A total score of ≤&nbsp;2 indicates ''mild'' croup. The person can have barking cough and hoarseness, but there is no stridor (wheezing) at rest.<ref name=Croup09/> * A total score of 3–5 is classified as ''moderate'' croup — the person has wheezing, with few other signs.<ref name=Croup09/> * A total score of 6–11 is ''severe'' croup. It also presents with obvious idiwọ ọnafun, but also features marked [[chest wall]] indrawing.<ref name=Croup09/> * A total score of ≥&nbsp;12 means [[respiratory failure]]is possible. The barking cough and wheezing may no longer be prominent at this stage.<ref name=Croup09/> Ida 85% awọn ọmọde ti o nlọ si ẹka pajawiri ni aisan ti ko le, kúrùpù ti o lewu sọwọn (<1%).<ref name=Croup09/> ==Didẹkun== [[Abẹrẹ ajẹsara]] (oogun abẹrẹ ajẹsara) fun [[influenza]] ati [[diphtheria]] le dẹkun kúrùpù. <ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> ==Abojuto== Awọn ọmọde ti o ni kúrùpù ni a gbọdọ jẹ ki ara wọn balẹ bi o ba ṣee ṣe si.<ref name=PedN09/> A le fun ni awọn sitẹroidi loorekoore, pẹlu ẹfinifirini ni a nlo fun awọn iṣẹlẹ ti o lewu.<ref name=PedN09/> Awọn ọmọde ti [[atẹgun ti o to]] (iye atẹgun ti a nmi sinu ti o wa ninu ẹjẹ) ti ko to 92% gbọdọ gba atẹgun ti a nmi simu,<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> awọn eniyan ti o ni kúrùpù ti o lewu ni a le da duro si ile-iwosan lati bojuto wọn.<ref name=Alberta07/> Bi atẹgun ti a nmi simu ba nilo, a gba ni niyanju lati lo "blow-by" (mimu orisun atẹgun ti a nmi simu kan sunmọ oju ọmọ naa), nitori kii fa rukerudo bi lilo [[iboju atẹgun ti a nmi simu|iboju]].<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> Pẹlu abojuto, iye eniyan ti o kere si 0.2% ni o nilo [[endotracheal intubation]](rọba kan ti a maa nfi sinu ọ̀nà-atẹgun .<ref name=Peds99>{{cite journal |author=Klassen TP |title=Croup. A current perspective |journal=Pediatr. Clin. North Am. |volume=46 |issue=6 |pages=1167–78 |year=1999 |month=December |pmid=10629679 |doi= 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70180-2|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_1999-12_46_6/page/1167}}</ref> ===Awọn sitẹrọidi=== [[Awọn kotikositẹrọidi]], bii [[desamẹtasone]] ati [[budesonide]], ṣee lo lati ṣe abojuto kúrùpù awọn ọmọde.<ref name=Cochrane11>{{cite journal |author=Russell KF, Liang Y, O'Gorman K, Johnson DW, Klassen TP |title=Glucocorticoids for croup |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=1 |issue= 1|pages=CD001955 |year=2011 |pmid=21249651 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub3 |url= |editor1-last=Klassen|editor1-first=Terry P}}</ref> A maa nri itura to ni apẹẹrẹ ni bii wakati mẹfa lẹyin abojuto.<ref name=Cochrane11/> Bi o ti le jẹ wipe awọn ogun yii nṣiṣẹ nigbati a ba fun ni lati ẹnu (nipasẹ ẹnu), [[parenteral]] (nipasẹ abẹrẹ), tabi fi fa si imu, ọ̀nà ti a yan laayo ni nipasẹ ẹnu.<ref name=PedN09/> Fi fun ni lẹẹkan jẹ gbogbo nkan ti a nilo, eyiti ọpọ si fi ara mọ wipe ko lewu.<ref name=PedN09/> Desamẹtasone ni idiwọn 0.15, 0.3 ati 0.6&nbsp;mg/kg tun jọ wipe ohun naa muna doko.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Port C |title=Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 4. Dose of dexamethasone in croup |journal=Emerg Med J |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=291–2 |year=2009 |month=April |pmid=19307398|doi=10.1136/emj.2009.072090 |url=}}</ref> ===Efinifirini=== Kúrùpù ti o mọ niwọnba tabi ti o lewu ṣee ran lọwọ pẹlu [[nebulizer|nebulized]] [[efinifirini]](nkan olomi ti a nfa simu lati jẹ ki ọ̀nà-atẹgun le fẹ)<ref name=PedN09>{{cite journal |author=Everard ML|title=Ti o lewu gan-an bronchiolitis and croup |journal=Pediatr. Clin. North Am. |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=119–33, x–xi |year=2009 |month=February|pmid=19135584 |doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.007 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_2009-02_56_1/page/119}}</ref> Nigbati efinifirine lọpọ igba maa ndin ewu kúrùpù ku laarin iṣẹju mẹwa si ọgbọn (10–30 minutes), awọn anfaani maa npẹ fun bii wakati meji.<ref name=Au10/><ref name=PedN09/> Bi ipo ba tẹsiwaju lati gberu fun wakati 2–4&nbsp;lẹyin abojuto ti ti nkan ti ko rọgbọ kankan ko si ṣẹlẹ, omo naa le fi ile-iwosan silẹ.<ref name=Au10/><ref name=PedN09/> ===Omiiran=== A ti ṣe iwadi fun awọn abojuto miiran fun kúrùpù, ṣugbọn ko ti si ẹri ti o to lati ṣe atilẹyin fun lilo wọn. Mimi ikuuku gbigbona simu tabi atẹgun jẹ ọ̀nà atọwọdọwọ lati ṣe abojuto [[ṣe abojuto ara-ẹni]], ṣugbọn awọn ẹkọ iwadi iṣegun oyinbo kuna lati fi mumunadoko mulẹ<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/><ref name=PedN09/> ati lọwọlọwọ a kii saba lo o.<ref name=Hist2001>{{cite journal |author=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Can J Infect Dis |volume=12|issue=6 |pages=337–9 |year=2001 |month=November |pmid=18159359 |pmc=2094841 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Lilo awọn [[oogun ikọ́]], eyi ti o maa ni [[dextromethorphan]] ninu ati/tabi [[guiafenesin]], ni a ko gba ni niyanju lati lo.<ref name=Au10/> Nigbati fifa [[heliox]] simu (idapọ [[helium]] ati [[oxygen]]) lati din iṣẹ mimi ku ni a ti lo ni atẹyin wa, ṣugbọn ẹri ti o kere jọjọ lo wa lati ṣe atilẹyin fun lilo rẹ.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vorwerk C, Coats T |title=Heliox for croup in children |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2 |issue= 2|pages=CD006822 |year=2010 |pmid=20166089|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006822.pub2 |url= |editor1-last=Vorwerk |editor1-first=Christiane}}</ref> Nitori kúrùpù lọpọ igba jẹ arun ti fairọsi nfa,[[awọn oogun apakokoro]] ni a kii lo a fi bi a ba fura si bakiteria.<ref name=Au10/> Apakokoro [[vancomycin]] ati [[cefotaxime]] ni a gba ni niyanju fun awọn arun bakiteria.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> Ni awọn iṣẹlẹ ti o lewu ti o rọ mọ ọfinki&nbsp;A tabi B, [[agbogun ti fairọsi]] [[neuraminidase inhibitors]] ṣee lo.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> == Awọn okunfa== Kúrùpù ti o niiṣẹ pẹlu fairọsi jẹ lọpọ igba [[Self-limiting (ẹkọ nipa nka ẹlẹmi)|self-limited]] arun (fun saa diẹ); kúrùpù kii saba fa iku lati owo [[ikuna mimi]] ati/tabi[[cardiac arrest]].<ref name=Au10/> Awọn aami aisan maa nsaba ngberu laarin ọjọ &nbsp;meji, ṣugbọn eyi le wa fun bii ọjọn&nbsp;meji.<ref name=Croup09/> Awọn ewu miiran ti ko wọpọ ni ninu bacterial tracheitis, [[pneumonia]], ati [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name=Croup09>{{cite journal |author=Johnson D|title=Croup |journal=Clin Evid (Online) |volume=2009 |issue= |pages= |year=2009 |pmid=19445760 |doi= |url= |pmc=2907784}}</ref> ==Ẹkọ nipa ajakalẹ arun== Bi ida marundinlogun ninu ọgọrun (15%) awọn ọmọde, ti ọjọ ori wọn wa laarin oṣu mẹfa ati ọdun marun si mẹfa (6 months and 5–6 years), yoo ni kúrùpù.<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/><ref name=PedN09/> Kúrùpù lo maa nfa bi ida marun ninu ọgọrun (5)% awọn ti a gba si ile-iwosan fun ẹgbẹ ti ọjọ ori wọn wa ninu eyi.<ref name=Croup09/> Ni iṣẹlẹ ti o ṣọwọn, awọn ọmọde ti o kere to oṣu mẹta (3 months) ati ti o dagba to ọdun marundinlogun (15 years) ni kúrùpù.<ref name=Croup09/> Awọn ọkunrin maa nni idojukọ ida aadọta ninu ọgọrun (50%) ju awọn obinrin lọ; kúrùpù wọpọ ni igba autumn (fall).<ref name="Cherry08_NEJM"/> ==Itan== Ọrọ naa ''kúrùpù'' wa lati ọrọ-ìṣe ''croup,'' [[Ede Gẹẹsi Igbalode ti ati ibẹrẹ]] ti o tumọ si "lati sọkun pẹlu ohùn kíkẹ̀"; akọkọ lo orukọ naa fun aisan naa ni orile-ede Sikotilandi ti o si wa gbajumọ ni ẹgbẹrun ọdun kejidinlọgun (18th century).<ref>Online Etymological Dictiọ̀nàry, [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=croup croup]. Accessed 2010-09-13.</ref> A ti mọ kúrùpù diphtheritic lati igba [[Homer]] [[Giriki Atijọ]]. Ni ọdun 1826, Bretonneau da mọ yatọ kúrùpù ti fairọsi fa ati kúrùpù ti o waye lati ọwọ [[diphtheria]].<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=Feigin, Ralph D. |title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2004 |page=252 |isbn=0-7216-9329-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> Awọn Faranse npe kúrùpù ti fairọsi fa ni "faux-croup," nipa lilo "kúrùpù" fun arun ti bakiteria diphtheria fa.<ref name=Hist2001/> Kúrùpù ti diphtheria fa ni o fẹẹ jẹ wipe a ko mọ nitori imunadoko [[abẹrẹ ajẹsara]].<ref name=history/> ==Awọn itọkasi== {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Medical articles translated from English]] 7fksq6k0l5no6qqt3sfeohl8i1y665j Anafilasisi 0 60857 632120 577806 2026-08-19T18:18:31Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 6 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Anafilasisi | Image = Angioedema2010.JPG | Caption = [[Wiwu awọ-ara]] ti oju eyiti o jẹ wipe ọmọdekunrin naa ko le e la oju rẹ. Eyi waye nipasẹ nini ikọlu si [[nkan ti ara korira]]. | DiseasesDB = 29153 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|T|78|2|t|66}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|995.0}} | MedlinePlus = 000844 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 128 | MeshID = D000707 }} <!--Itumọ, awọn aami aiṣan ati okunfa--> '''Anafilasisi''' jẹ [[nkan ti ara korira si]] ti o l’ewu kan ti o ma nyara waye ti o si le fa iku.<ref name=Tint10>{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill Companies |location=New York |year=2010 |pages=177–182 |isbn=0-07-148480-9 |oclc=|doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> O maa nni awọn abajade aami aiṣan ti o ni ara to njanijẹ gan-an, ọọfun ti o nwu, ati [[riru ẹjẹ]] ti o lọ silẹ ninu. Awọn okunfa ti o wọpọ julọ ni ki kokoro j’ẹni/t’ani, ounjẹ, ati oogun. <!--Ayipada ti aiṣan ṣe ati ẹkọ nipa wọn, ṣiṣe ayẹwo, ati abojuto --> Lori ipele [[Ayipada ti aiṣan ṣe okunfa ati ẹkọ nipa wọn|nipa ayipada ti aiṣan ṣe okunfa ati ẹkọ nipa wọn]], anafilasisi maa nwaye nipa jijọwọ awọn olulaja kan lati awọn oriṣi [[sẹẹli ẹjẹ funfun]] ti a taji yala nipa [[eto ajẹsara|ajẹsara]] tabi awọn eto ti ko nii fiṣe pẹlu ajẹsara. A maa nṣe ayẹwo rẹ nipa awọn aami ti o nfarahan lọwọ lọwọ. Ọna itọju akọkọ ni nipa fi fun ni l’abẹrẹ [[efinifirini]], pẹlu awọn ọna miiran ti o nṣiṣẹ papọ pẹlu rẹ. <!-- Ẹko nipa ajakalẹ arun ati itan --> Ni gbogbo agbaye, awọn eniyan ti o to 0.05–2% ni o ni anafilasisi ni ipo kan igbe aiye wọn ati pe iye yii jọ wipe o npọ sii. Ọrọ naa wa lati ἀνά ana, [[Ede giriki|Giriki]] ''lodi si'', ati φύλαξις filasi,''idaabobo''. ==Awọn aami aiṣan== [[File:Awọn aami aiṣan anafilasisi.png|250px|Awọn aami aiṣan anafilasisi.]] Anafilasisi fi oriṣiriṣi aami aiṣan han laarin iṣẹju tabi wakati <ref>{{cite journal |author=Oswalt ML, Kemp SF |title=Anafilasisi: office management and prevention |journal=Immunol Allergy Clin North Am |volume=27 |issue=2|pages=177–91, vi |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17493497 |doi=10.1016/j.iac.2007.03.004|quote=Clinically, anafilasisi is considered likely to be present if any one of three criteria is satisfied within minutes to hours}}</ref><ref name=Review09/> pẹlu iye 5 si 30 ni ibẹrẹ pẹpẹ &nbsp;iṣẹju bi nini ifarakan ba jẹ ninu iṣan ati 2&nbsp;wakati fun awọn ounjẹ.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Ibi ti o wọpọ julọ lati ni ikọlu ni: Awọ-ara (80–90%), mimi (70%), ifun (30–45%), ọkan ati ọpa ti o ngbe ẹjẹ kiri ara (10–45%), ati eto iṣakoso awọn iṣan (10–15%)<ref name=Review09/> pẹlu l’ọpọlọpọ igba nkan meji tabi ju bẹẹ lọ ninu eyi.<ref name=World11/> ===Awọ-ara=== [[File:Rash on the chest of a person with anaphylaxis.jpg|thumb|atanpako|osi|[[Wiwu ti o pọn to nyun ni eyiti o nwaye nitori ikorira ara si nkankan]] ati pipọn oju lẹyin ẹniti o ni anafilasisi]] Aami aiṣan ni ninu [[wiwu ti o pọn to nyun ni eyiti o nwaye nitori ikorira ara si nkankan|kokoro ara]], [[ara ti njanijẹ |ara ti njanijẹ]], [[Pipọn oju (ẹkọ imọ-ijinlẹ nipa lilo nkan alààyè)|pipọn oju]] tabi ètè wiwu.<ref name=Diag06>{{cite journal |author=Sampson HA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, ''et al.''|title=Second symposium on the definition and management of anafilasisi: summary report—Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anafilasisi Network symposium |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-allergy-and-clinical-immunology_2006-02_117_2/page/391|journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.|volume=117 |issue=2 |pages=391–7 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16461139|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1303}}</ref>Awọn ti wọn ni wiwu tabi [[wiwu awọ-ara]] le ṣe apejuwe imọlara ijọna kan l’ara yatọ si ara ti o njanijẹ.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Wiwu ahọn tabi ọnafun ni bii 20% awọn eyi ti o waye.<ref name=Shock10/> Awọn nkan miiran le ni ninu imu ti o nṣe ikun ati wiwu [[kọnjutifa]].<ref name=Aus06/> Ara naa tun le ni [[ti o ni àwọ̀-bulu |ti o ni àwọ̀ -bulu]] nitori [[Aito ategun fun mimi (Hypoxia medical)|laisi atẹgun ti a nmi sinu]].<ref name=Aus06/> ===Mimi=== Awọn aami aiṣan ti o rọ mọ mimi le wa, ti o ni ninu aile mi delẹ, [[mimi ti o ngbọn]] tabi [idiwọ ọnafun]].<ref name=Diag06/> Eemi ti o ngbọn maa nsaba nwaye nipasẹ gbigbọn [[ti ẹdọ foo]] eyiti sisunki awọn iṣan maa nfa<ref name=Cardio08/> nigbati mimi ti o wa lati idiwọ ọnafun (stridor) ni asopọ pẹlu didi ọna alafo atẹgun ti oke eyiti o ṣe igbakeji si wiwu.<ref name=Aus06>{{cite journal|last=Brown|first=SG|coauthors=Mullins, RJ, Gold, MS|title=Anafilasisi: diagnosis and management.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-journal-of-australia_2006-09-04_185_5/page/283|journal=The Medical journal of Australia|date=2006 Sep 4|volume=185|issue=5|pages=283–9|pmid=16948628}}</ref> Ohùn kikẹ, irora pẹlu gbigbe nkan mi, tabi ikọ tun le waye.<ref name=Rosen2010/> ===Nipa ọkan=== [[Gbigbọn ọpa to ngbe ẹjẹ kuro lati ọkan]] le ṣẹlẹ pẹlu [[myocardial infarction]], [[iro ọkan ti ko dun deede|aidun deede]]ti o tẹle, tabi[[cardiac arrest]]<!-- paapaa lailo efinifirini -->.<ref name=Review09/><ref name=World11/> Awọn ti o ni aiṣan ti ko han sita ninu ọpa ti o ngbe ẹjẹ kiri ara wa ninu ewu ti o gaju nipa ọkan lati ọwọ anafilasisi.<ref name=Cardio08/> Gbigbọn ọpa ti o ngbe ẹjẹ kiri ara nii fiṣe pẹlu wíwà awọn sẹẹli kan ti njọwọ hisitamini sinu ọkan.<ref name=Cardio08/> Nigbati [[ọkan ti o nyara sáré |ọkan ti o nyara sáré]] ti o waye nipase riru ẹjẹ ti o lọ silẹ jẹ eyiti wọpọ,<ref name=Aus06/> a ti ṣe apejuwe [[Bezold–Jarisch reflex]] ni 10% awọn iṣẹlẹ, nibiti [[ọkan ti o nlọra sáré |ọkan ti o nlọra sáré]] ti ni asopọ pẹlu [[riru ẹjẹ ti o lọ silẹ |riru ẹjẹ ti o lọ silẹ]].<ref name=CEA11/> Lilọ silẹ [[riru ẹjẹ]] tabi [[ijaya (lilo kaakiri ẹjẹ)|ijaya]] (yala [[ijaya ti o lo kaakiri ara|ti o lo kaakiri ara] tabi [[ijaya ọkan|ti ọkan]) le mu lọwọ imọlara fifuyẹ tabi [[pipadanu òye ìwàláàyè]].<ref name=Cardio08/> Lilọ silẹ riru ẹjẹ kii saba jẹ aami kansoso fun anafilasisi.<ref name=Shock10/> ===Omiiran=== Awọn aami aiṣan ninu ifun le ni pajapaja ninu [[inu rirun]], igbẹ-ọrin, ati eebi bίbὶ.<ref name=Diag06/> Idamu le wa, ipadanu akoso apo-ὶtợ tabi irora egungun ibadi ti o jọ ti pajapaja [[ile-ọmọ|niiṣe pẹlu ile-ọmọ]].<ref name=Diag06/><ref name=Aus06/> Lilanu silẹ ọpa ti o ngbe ẹjẹ ni ayika ọpọlọ le fa [[ẹfọri]].<ref name=Rosen2010/> Imọlara [[iporuru ọkan]] tabi "ewu kan ti o nbo wa" ni a ti ṣe apejuwe rẹ ri.<ref name=World11/> ==Awọn okunfa== Anafilasisi le waye ni esi si eyikeyi ohun ajeji.<ref name=His11/> Ohun ti o le faa ti o wọpọ ni ninu [[oró]]lati [[jijẹni ati titani kokoro|jijẹni ati titani kokoro]], awọn ounjẹ, ati [[ogun lilo]].<ref name=CEA11/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Worm|first=M|title=Epidemiology of anafilasisi.|journal=Chemical immunology and allergy|year=2010|volume=95|pages=12–21|pmid=20519879|doi=10.1159/000315935}}</ref> Ounjẹ ni o wọpọ julọ ti o ma nfaa ninu awọn ọmọde ati ọdọ ṣugbọn ogun lilo ati jijẹni ati titani kokoro ni o wọpọ julọ laarin awọn agbalagba.<ref name=World11/> Awọn okunfa ti ko wọpọ nί ninu: awọn nkan ti eniyan le f’ojuri, nkan ti o niiṣe pẹlu nkan ẹlẹmi bii [[àtọ̀]], oje, ayipada ti o niiṣe pẹlu homoni, awọn afikun ounjẹ bii iyọ oyinbo lati inu ireke ati àwợ ounjẹ (food colors), ati awọn ogun lilo kan.<ref name=Aus06/>Awọn nkan ti a le f’ojuri bii ṣiṣe idaraya (eyiti a mọ si anafilasisi ti idaraya ṣe okunfa rẹ) tabi iwọn gbigbona tabi titutu (yala gbigbona tabi titutu) le tun ṣe okunfa nipa ipa wọn ni taara lori [[sẹẹli masiti]].<ref name=World11/><ref name=APLS07>{{cite book|last=editors|first=Marianne Gausche-Hill, Susan Fuchs, Loren Yamamoto,|title=The pediatric emergency medicine resource|year=2007|publisher=Jones & Bartlett|location=Sudbury, Mass.|isbn=978-0-7637-4414-4|pages=69|edition=Rev. 4. ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=lLVfDC2dh54C&pg=PA69}}</ref> Awọn nkan ti idaraya ṣe okunfa maa nni asopọ pẹlu jijẹ awọn ounjẹ kan.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Nigba [[kikunni loorun fun iṣẹ abẹ]], [[neuromuscular blocking agents]], oogun aporo, ati [[oje]] lo wọpọ julọ ti o nfaa.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dewachter|first=P|coauthors=Mouton-Faivre, C, Emala, CW|title=Anafilasisi and anesthesia: controversies and new insights.|journal=Anesthesiology|date=2009 Nov|volume=111|issue=5|pages=1141–50|pmid=19858877|doi=10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181bbd443}}</ref> Ninu 32-50% awọn iṣẹlẹ, ohun ti o ṣe okunfa jẹ eyiti a ko mọ idi rẹ, eyiti a npe ni "anafilasisi ti idiopatiki".<ref>{{cite book|last=editor|first=Mariana C. Castells,|title=Anafilasisi and hypersensitivity reactions|year=2010|publisher=Humana Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-60327-950-5|pages=223|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=bEvnfm7V-LIC&pg=PA223}}</ref> ===Ounjẹ=== Ọpọlọpọ ounjẹ lo le ṣe okunfa anafilasisi; eyi le waye ni igba akoko ti a mọ ti a jẹ ounjẹ yii.<ref name=CEA11/> Awọn ounjẹ ti o nṣe okunfa kaakiri agbaye yatọ si ara wọn. Ni Iwọ oorun, jijẹ tabi nini ifarakan si ẹpa, wheat, ẹpa ara igi,[[shellfish]], ẹja, wara-olomi, ati ẹyin jẹ awọn okunfa ti o gbalẹ julọ.<ref name=Review09/><ref name=World11/> [[Ekuku]] ni o wọpọ julọ ni Middle East, nigbati irẹsi ati [[chickpeas|chickpea]] maa njẹ orisun anafilasisi ti awọn ara Asia maa nsaba dojukọ.<ref name=World11/> Iṣẹlẹ ti o l’ewu julọ maa nwaye nipa jijẹ ohun ti ara korira (allergen),<ref name=CEA11/> ṣugbọn awọn eniyan maa nni iriri ti o l’ewu nigbati wọn ba ni ifarakan. Awọn ọmọde le dagba ki wọn bọ lọwọ ohun ti ara wọn korira. Ni bii ọjọ-ori 16, ida awọn ọmọde ti o to 80% ti o ni anafilasisi si wara-olomi tabi ẹyin ati ida 20% ti o ni iriri anafilasisi si ẹpa le farada awọn ounjẹ wọnyii.<ref name=His11/> ===Oogun lilo=== Eyikeyi oogun fun lilo le fa anafilasisi. Eyiti o wọpọ julọ ni [[oogun aporo β-lactam]] (bii [[pẹnisilini]]) ti [[asipirini]] tẹle ati [[NSAIDs]].<ref name=Review09/><ref name=Book2009>{{cite book|last=Volcheck|first=Gerald W.|title=Clinical allergy : diagnosis and management|year=2009|publisher=Humana Press|location=Totowa, N.J.|isbn=978-1-58829-616-0|pages=442|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=pWZLkZB7EW8C&pg=PA442}}</ref> Awọn [[oogun aporo]] miiran kii saba faa, ati ni ọpọ igba bi ara ṣe nṣe si NSAIDS dale lori ohun ti o nṣiṣẹ ni pato eyiti o tumọ si wipe bi ara eniyan ba ni ikọkira si NSAID kan wọn le fi ara da omiiran.<ref name=Book2009/> Awọn o nfa miiran ti ko wọpọ ni [[kẹmotẹrapi]], [[awọn ajẹsara]], [[protamini]] ati awọn agbo ti a pese.<ref name=World11/><ref name=Book2009/> Awọn oogun ([[fankomaisin]], [[mọfini]],[[nkan ti a fi nwo bi nkan ṣe ri ninu ara|x-ray contrast]] laarin awọn miiran) maa nfa anafilasisi nipasẹ ti ta sẹẹli masiti ji ti o si ntaji ni taara bi awọn sẹẹli masti ṣe njọwọ granuli.<ref name=CEA11/> Bi ara ṣe nṣe si nkan kan dale lori bi a ti ṣe nlo ni apakan ati ni apakan awọn abuda ti nkan yii ni ninu.<ref name=Drug01>{{cite journal|last=Drain|first=KL|coauthors=Volcheck, GW|title=Preventing and managing drug-induced anafilasisi.|journal=Drug safety : an international journal of medical toxicology and drug experience|year=2001|volume=24|issue=11|pages=843–53|pmid=11665871}}</ref> Anafilasisi si pẹnisilini tabi[[sẹfalosiporini]] nikan maa nwaye lẹyin ti wọn ba sopọmọ awọn protini ninu ara ti awọn nkan kan maa ntete sopọmọ pẹlu irọrun ju awọn miiran lọ.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Anafilasisi si pẹnisilini maa nwaye ni ẹẹkan ninu 2,000 si 10,000 iṣẹlẹ fun itọju, ti iku si maa waye ni eyiti o kere ju ookan ninu 50,000 iṣẹlẹ fun itọju.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Anafilasisi si aspirini ati awọn NSAID maa nwaye ni bii ẹẹkan ninu eeyan 50,000.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Bi ẹnikan kan ba ni bi ara rẹ ṣe nṣe si pẹnisilini ti ko dara ewu bi ara wọn yoo ṣe ṣe si sẹfalosporini yoo gaju ṣugbọn yoo si kere sii ookan ninu 1000.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Awọn nkan ayẹ ara wo atijọ maa nmu bi ara ṣe nṣiṣẹ lodi ni 1% awọn iṣẹlẹ nigbati awọn titun maa nmu bi ara ṣe nṣiṣẹ lodi ni 0.04% awọn iṣẹlẹ wa.<ref name=Drug01/> ===Oró=== Oró lati ara awọn kokoro ti nt’ani tabi j’ẹni bii [[Hymenoptera]] (oyin ati agbọn) tabi [[Triatominae]] (kissing bugs) le fa anafilasisi ninu awọn eniyan ti wọn ni ailera sii.<ref name=Review09/><ref name="Klotz">{{cite journal|last=Klotz|first=JH|coauthors=Dorn, PL, Logan, JL, Stevens, L, Pinnas, JL, Schmidt, JO, Klotz, SA|title="Kissing bugs": potential disease vectors and cause of anafilasisi.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-infectious-diseases_2010-06-15_50_12/page/1629|journal=Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America|date=2010 Jun 15|volume=50|issue=12|pages=1629–34|pmid=20462351|doi=10.1086/652769}}</ref> Awọn [[Aiṣan_to ntan kaa kiri gbogbo ara|Ṣiṣẹ iṣẹ lodi to tan kaa kiri gbogbo ara], eyiti o jẹ ohunkohun ti o ju bi ara ṣe ṣe ni ayika ibi ti kokoro ti t’ani lọ, eyiti o le jẹ ewu okunfa fun anafilasisi ọjọ iwaju;<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bilò|first=MB|title=Anafilasisi caused by Hymenoptera stings: from epidemiology to treatment.|journal=Allergy|date=2011 Jul|volume=66 Suppl 95|pages=35–7|pmid=21668850|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02630.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Cox|first=L|coauthors=Larenas-Linnemann, D, Lockey, RF, Passalacqua, G|title=Speaking the same language: The World Allergy Organization Subcutaneous Immunotherapy Systemic Reaction Grading System.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-allergy-and-clinical-immunology_2010-03_125_3/page/569|journal=The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology|date=2010 Mar|volume=125|issue=3|pages=569–74, 574.e1-574.e7|pmid=20144472|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.060}}</ref> ẹwẹ, idaji eyiti o ja si iku ko ni bi ara ṣe nṣe lodi ti o tan kaa kiri ara tẹle.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bilò|first=BM|coauthors=Bonifazi, F|title=Epidemiology of insect-venom anafilasisi.|journal=Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology|date=2008 Aug|volume=8|issue=4|pages=330–7|pmid=18596590|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32830638c5}}</ref> ===Awọn nkan to nfa Ewu=== Awọn eniyan ti o ni awọn aiṣan [[nini iha si nini awọn nkan ti ara korira]] bii [[ikọ-ifee]], [[lapalapa]], tabi [[allergic rhinitis]] wa ninu ewu ti o ga lati ni anafilasisi lati inu ounjẹ, [[oje]], ati [[nkan ti a fi nwo bi nkan ṣe ri ninu ara]] lai nii lati ara oogun ti a fun ni nipasẹ abẹrẹ tabi kokoro to t’ani.<ref name=World11/><ref name=CEA11/> Ẹkọ kan ninu awọn ọmọde ṣe iwadi pe 60% ti ni itan aiṣan nini iha si nini awọn nkan ti ara korira tẹle, ati pe fun awọn ti o ku lati ọwọ anafilasisi awọn ti o gaju 90% ni ikọ-ifee.<ref name=CEA11/> Awọn ti wọn ni [[masitosaitosisi]] tabi ti [[ipo iṣuna owo]] wọn ga wa ninu ewu ti o pọ.<ref name=World11/><ref name=CEA11/> Bi iye akoko ti eniyan fi ni ifarako si nkan ti a ti tọka si pe o nfaa ṣe pẹ si bẹẹ ni ewu rẹ ṣe lọ silẹ si.<ref name=Rosen2010/> ==Ayipada ti aiṣan ṣe okunfa ati ẹkọ nipa wọn== Anafilasisi jẹ [[bi ara ṣe nṣe si nkan ti ara korira]] ti o nira gan-an ti o le ṣe okunfa oniruru idena fun [[eto bi ara ṣe nṣiṣe]].<ref name=Tint10/><ref name=Khan11>{{cite journal|last=Khan|first=BQ|coauthors=Kemp, SF|title=Pathophysiology of anafilasisi.|journal=Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology|date=2011 Aug|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–25|pmid=21659865|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283481ab6}}</ref> Eyi dale lori jijọwọ [[awọn olulaja to nfa aiṣe deede]] ati [[saitokinisi]] lati ara awọn sẹẹli masiti ati awọn [[basofili]], ti dale lori [[Eto ajẹsara ara| bi ara ṣe nṣiṣe ajẹsara]] ṣugbọn nigbamii lori awọn eto ti ko niiṣe pẹlu ajẹsara ara.<ref name=Khan11/> ===Ti ajẹsara=== Ninu eto ajẹsara, [[immunoglobulin E]] (IgE) maa nsopọ mọ [[antigini]] (nkan ajeji ti o ru bi ara ṣe nṣe lodi si nkan ti o korira). Antigini-ti o sopọ mọ IgE yoo wa mu olugba[[FcεRI]] ṣiṣẹ lori awọn sẹẹli masiti ati basofili. Eyi yoo wa ṣe okunfa jijọwọ awọn olulaja nkan ti ko tọ bii [[histamini]]. Awọn olulaja yii maa njẹ ki ẹdọ-foo ki [[iṣan didan]] sunki, ta [[fifẹ awọn ọpa ti o ngbe ẹjẹ kiri ara]] ji, maa njẹ ki jijo omi lara ẹjẹ inu ọpa-ẹjẹ pọ, ki o si fa irẹwẹsi iṣan ọkan.<ref name=Rosen2010/><ref name=Khan11/> Eto ajẹsara kan tun wa ti ko da lori IgE, ṣugbọn a ko mọ boya eyi nwaye ninu eniyan.<ref name=Khan11/> ===Ti ko niiṣe pẹlu ajẹsara=== Eto ti ko niiṣe pẹlu ajẹsara ni ninu awọn nkan ti o nfa ni taara [[bi sẹẹli ṣe njọwọ granuli]] fun awọn sẹẹli masiti ati basofili.<!-- <ref name=Khan11/> --> Eyi ni ninu awọn nkan bii [[nkan ti a fi nwo bi nkan ṣe ri ninu ara]], [[opioids]], iwọn gbigbona tabi tutu (gbigbona tabi tutu), ati gbigbọn.<ref name=APLS07/><ref name=Khan11/> ==Ayẹwo== A maa nṣe ayẹwo anafilasisi lori awọn abuda aiṣan.<ref name=World11/> Nigbati eyikeyi ninu awọn nkan mẹta wọnyi ba waye laarin iṣẹju/wakati si nini ifarakan si awọn ohun ti ara korira nigba naa o ṣe e ṣe ki anafilasisi wa:<ref name=World11/> # Lilọwọsi awọ-ara tabi ti tisu mukosa pẹlu yala inira pẹlu mimi tabi [[riru ẹjẹ]] ti o lọ silẹ. # Meji tabi ju bẹẹ lọ ninu awọn aami aiṣan wọnyi:- #: a. Lilọwọsi awọ-ara tabi mukosa #: b. Inira pẹlu mimi #: c. Riru ẹjẹ ti o lọ silẹ #: d. Aami aiṣan inu ifun # Lilọ silẹ riru ẹjẹ lẹyin ti eniyan ba ni ifarakan si nkankan ti ara korira Ni igba ikọlu kan, ayẹwo ẹjẹ fun [[tryptase]] tabi [[hisitamini]] (ti jọwọ lati ọwọ awọn sẹẹli masiti) le wulo lati ṣe ayẹwo anafilasisi nitori titani kokoro tabi abojuto.<!-- <ref name=World11/> --> Yatọ si eyi, awọn ayẹwo yii ni ko wulo to bi okunfa ba jẹ ounjẹ tabi bi ẹni naa ba ni [[riru ẹjẹ]] ti o ṣe deedee,<ref name=World11/> wọn kii sii ṣe [[Eyiti a le mọlara tabi mọ ni pato|mọ ni pato]] fun ayẹwo.<ref name=His11/> ===Eto Pinpin=== Oriṣi anafilasisi mẹta lo wa. Ayajija ti o niiṣe pẹlu anafilasisi ni asopọ pẹlu [[fifẹ awọn ọpa ti o ngbe ẹjẹ kiri ara]]ti o tan kaa kiri gbogbo ara ti o nfa [[riru ẹjẹ ti o lọ silẹ |riru ẹjẹ ti o lọ silẹ]] eyiti o fi 30% lo silẹ ju ila ti o kere julọ tabi iwọn odiwọn itumọ lọ.<ref name=Shock10>{{cite journal|last=Limsuwan|first=T|coauthors=Demoly, P|title=Acute symptoms of drug hypersensitivity (urticaria, angioedema, anafilasisi, anaphylactic shock).|journal=The Medical clinics of North America|date=2010 Jul|volume=94|issue=4|pages=691–710, x|pmid=20609858|url=http://smschile.cl/documentos/cursos2010/MedicalClinicsNorthAmerica/Acute%20Symptoms%20of%20Drug%20Hypersensitivity%20(Urticaria,%20Angioedema,%20Anafilasisi,%20Anaphylactic%20Shock).pdf|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2010.03.007}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Anafilasisi ti baifasiki jẹ fifi ara han pada awọn aami aiṣan laarin wakati 1–72 laisi ifarako nkan ti ara korira siwaju.<ref name=World11/> Agbejade iṣẹlẹ yatọ si ara wọn, ti awọn ẹkọ kan njẹwọ irufẹ iṣẹlẹ ti o pọ to 20%.<ref name=BI05/> Fifi ara han pada yii maa nsaba waye laarin wakati 8.<ref name=CEA11/> A maa nṣe abojuto rẹ ni ọna kanna pẹlu anafilasisi.<ref name=Review09/> Anafilasisi ti kii ṣe e tootọ tabi abajade anafilasisi ti ko mu awọn aami aiṣan lọwọ jẹ oriṣi anafilasisi ti ko ni awọn abajade nkan ti ara korira ṣugbọn ti o wa ni taara lati ọwọ [[bi sẹẹli ṣe njọwọ granuli]] awọn sẹẹli masiti.<ref name=CEA11>{{cite journal|last=Lee|first=JK|coauthors=Vadas, P|title=Anafilasisi: mechanisms and management.|journal=Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=2011 Jul|volume=41|issue=7|pages=923–38|pmid=21668816|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03779.x}}</ref><ref name=His10/>Anafilasisi ti ko niiṣe pẹlu ajẹsara jẹ ọrọ ti [[World Allergy Organization]] nlo lọwọlọwọ <ref name=His10/> pẹlu imọran pe ki a ma lo awọn ọrọ atijọ mọ.<ref name=CEA11/> ===Ṣiṣayẹwo nkan ti ara korira=== [[File:Allergy skin testing.JPG|thumb|atanpako|[[Ṣiṣayẹwo nkan ti awọ-ara korira]] ti a nṣe lori apa ọtun]] [[Ṣiṣayẹwo nkan ti ara korira]] le ṣe iranlọwọ nipa mimọ ohun ti o nfaa. [[Ṣiṣayẹwo nkan ti awọ-ara korira]] (fun apẹẹrẹ [[Patch test (medicine)|patch testing]]) wa fun awọn ounjẹ kan ati oró.<ref name=His11/> Ṣiṣayẹwo ẹjẹ fun IgE ni pato le wulo lati jẹrisi wara-olomi, ẹyin, ẹpa, ẹpa igi ati awọn nkan ti ara korira ninu ẹja.<ref name=His11/> Ṣiṣayẹwo awọ-ara wa lati jẹrisi awọn nkan ti ara korira bii [[pẹnisilini]] ṣugbọn ko si fun awọn itọju miiran.<ref name=His11/> Iru anafilasisi ti ko niiṣe pẹlu ajẹsara ṣee mọ nipa itan ati ikọlu si nkan ti ara korira nikan, ti kii si ṣe nipa ayẹwo awọ-ara ati ayẹwo ẹjẹ.<ref name=His10/> ===Ayẹwo Dida aiṣan mọ yatọ === O le ṣoro nigba miiran lati da anafilasisi mọ yato si [[ikọ-ifee]], [[didaku]], ati [[awọn ikọlu ijaya]].<ref name=World11/> Ṣugbọn ikọ-ifee kii saba ni ara ti njanijẹ tabi aami aiṣan ti ifun ninu, didaku ma nwaye pẹlu ara ti o funfun dipo ara ti njanijẹ, ati ikolu ijaya le ni ara ti o pọn ṣugbọn kii ni wiwu ti o pọn to nyun ni eyiti o nwaye nitori ikorira ara si nkankan.<ref name=World11/> Awọn nkan miiran ti o le waye tun ni ninu: [[Ikọlu nipa majele ounjẹ nipasẹ ẹja|skrombroidosisi]] ati [[aiṣan ti o nwaye nipa jijẹ ẹja ti a ko sè]].<ref name=CEA11/> ===Awọn iwadi okunfa iku=== Ninu ẹniti anafilasisi pa, [[iwadi nipa iku]] le fi "ọkan ti o ṣofo" kan han eyiti o waye nipasẹ oro ti o dinku lati ọwọ [[fifẹ awọn ọpa ti o ngbe ẹjẹ kiri ara]] ati ti tun tan kaa kiri omi ti o wa ninu awọn iṣan si awọn apo to wa lerefe.<ref>Anafilasisi, Author: Stephen F Kemp, MD, FACP; Chief Editor: Michael A Kaliner, MD;http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135065-overview#showall</ref> Awọn aami miiran ni kikorajọpọ omi ninu awọn alafo ara, eosinofilia ninu ẹdọ-foo, ọkan ati awọn tisu, ati ẹri myokadial haipopafusion.<ref name=DaBroi/> Awọn iwadi imọ-ijinlẹ le ṣe awari ipele sẹrọmu ti o pọ si [[tryptase]], pipọsi ni akotan ati ipele sẹrọmu IgE ni pato.<ref name=DaBroi>{{cite journal|last=Da Broi|first=U|coauthors=Moreschi, C|title=Post-mortem diagnosis of anafilasisi: A difficult task in forensic medicine.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_forensic-science-international_2011-01-30_204_1-3/page/n6|journal=Forensic Science International|date=2011 Jan 30|volume=204|issue=1-3|pages=1–5|pmid=20684869|doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.039}}</ref> ==Didena== A gba ni niyanju lati yẹra fun okunfa anafilasisi.<!-- <ref name=World11/> --> Ni awọn ipo ti eyi ko ti ṣee ṣe, didin bi ara ṣe nṣiṣẹ lodi si nkan ku tabi mimu kuro le jẹ eyiti a yan.<!-- <ref name=World11/> --> [[Ọna abojuto to nlo ajẹsara ara ẹni]] pẹlu awọn oro [[Hymenoptera]] jẹ eyiti o f’ẹsẹ mulẹ lati dinku tabi mimu kuro bi ara ṣe nṣiṣẹ lodi si nkan ninu 80–90% awọn agbalagba ati 98% ninu awọn ọmọde l’odi si awọn nkan ti ara korira [[oyin]], [[agbọn]], [[agbọn]], [[yelojakẹti]], ati [[tana tana]].<!-- <ref name=World11/> --> Ọna abojuto to nlo ajẹsara ara ẹni lati ẹnu le munadoko lati dinku tabi mu kuro bi ara ṣe nṣiṣẹ lodi si nkan ninu awọn eniyan si awọn ounjẹ kan ti o ninu wara-olomi, ẹyin, ẹpa; ṣugbọn awọn nkan ti ko dara si wọpọ.<!-- <ref name=World11/> --> Ọna abojuto to nlo ajẹsara ara ẹni tun ṣee ṣe fun awọn abojuto ti o pọ, ṣugbọn a gba ọpọ eniyan nimọran lati saa yẹra fun nkan ti o nṣe okunfa naa.<!-- <ref name=World11/> --> Fun awon ti ara won nsise l’odi si oje, o le ṣe pataki lati yẹra fun awọn ounjẹ to nfa ṣiṣe iṣẹ lodi bi pia, ọgede, potato laarin ọpọ ounjẹ miiran.<ref name=World11/> ==Iṣakoso== Anafilasisi jẹ [[pajawiri iṣegun oyinbo]] kan ti o le nilo [[titaniji]] bii [[iṣakoso ibiti atẹgun ngba]], afikun atẹgun ti a nmi, ọpọlọpọ [[omi ti o nwa laarin iṣan]], ati abojuto ti o ga gan-an.<ref name=Review09/> Fi fun ni ni efinifirini jẹ ààyò abojuto pẹlu alodi si hisatanini ati awọn sitẹriọdu ti a maa nsaba lo gẹgẹ bii asopọmọ.<ref name=World11/> Agba ni nimọran yiyẹniwo fun wakati 2 si 24 ni ile-iwosan fun awọn eniyan l’ọgan ti wọn ba pada si ipo nitori aibalẹ ọkan anafilasisi baifasiki.<ref name=CEA11/><ref name=BI05/><ref name=UK08>{{cite web|url=http://www.resus.org.uk/pages/reaction.pdf |title=Emergency treatment of anaphylactic reactions – Guidelines for healthcare providers |month=January | year=2008 |accessdate=2008-04-22 |format=PDF |work= |publisher=Resuscitation Council (UK)}}</ref><ref name=Rosen2010/> ===Efinifirini=== [[File:Epipen.jpg|thumb|Ẹya abẹrẹ atijọ ti EpiPen kan]] [[Efinifrini]] (adrenaline) jẹ ọna itoju akọkọ fun anafilasisi laisi [[ewu ti o gba ẹmi kankan]] lati lòó.<ref name=Review09/> A gba ni niyanju ki a fun ni ni efinifirini olomi [[lati inu iṣan]] si inu itan ni kete ti a ba kiyesi ayẹwo.<!-- <ref name=World11/> --> Bi ko ba si abajade ti o dara to, a tun le tun abẹrẹ naa fun ni ni gbogbo iṣẹju 5 si 15 si ara wọn.<ref name=World11/> A nilo fifun ni ẹlẹẹkeji ninu 16 si 35% awọn iṣẹlẹ<ref name=CEA11/> ninu eyiti fifun kọja eemeji kii saba nilo.<ref name=World11/> Ọna lilo ti a ngba fun ni nipasẹ iṣan jẹ eyiti a yan ṣaaju [[ọra abẹ́ awọ]] nitori ti eyiti ti o keyin le ma tete ṣee fa sinu ara.<ref name=Epi10>{{cite journal|last=Simons|first=KJ|coauthors=Simons, FE|title=Epinephrine and its use in anafilasisi: current issues.|journal=Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology|date=2010 Aug|volume=10|issue=4|pages=354–61|pmid=20543673|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833bc670}}</ref> Awọn nkan ti ko dara diẹ nipa lilo efinifirini ni ninu [[gbigbọn]], [[aibalẹ ọkan]], efọri, ati [[iro ọkan ti ko ṣe deede]].<ref name=World11/> Awọn eniyan ti o nlo [[β-blockers]] le ṣiṣẹ lodi si iṣẹ efinifirini.<ref name=CEA11/> Ni ipo yii bi efinifirini ko ba ṣiṣe nipasẹ iṣan a le fun ni ni [[glukagoni]] eyiti o ni bi o ṣe maa nṣiṣe ti ko da lori [[β-receptor]].<ref name=CEA11/> Bi o ba nilo, a tun le fun ni ni [[Ọna abojuto nipa fifi nkan sinu iṣan| fifi nkan sinu iṣan]] nipa lilo efinifirini olomi ti a ti là. Ṣugbọn a ti ri asopọ mọ [[Cardiac dysrhythmia|dysrhythmia]] ati [[myocardial infarction]]ninu efinifirini ti a fun ni nipasẹ iṣan.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mueller|first=UR|title=Cardiovascular disease and anafilasisi.|journal=Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology|date=2007 Aug|volume=7|issue=4|pages=337–41|pmid=17620826|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e328259c328}}</ref> [[Abẹrẹ to nfun ni ni efinifirini fun ra rẹ]]ti a nlo fun fifun ara ẹni ni abẹrẹ ni eemeji, ọkan fun awọn agbalagba tabi ọmọde ti iwọn wọn kọja 25&nbsp;kg ati ọkan fun awọn ọmọde ti iwọn wọn to 10 si 25&nbsp;kg.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sicherer|first=SH|coauthors=Simons, FE, Section on Allergy and Immunology, American Academy of, Pediatrics|title=Self-injectable epinephrine for first-aid management of anafilasisi.|journal=Pediatrics|date=2007 Mar|volume=119|issue=3|pages=638–46|pmid=17332221|doi=10.1542/peds.2006-3689}}</ref> === Awọn asopọmọ=== [[Antihistamines]] ([[H1 antihistamine|H1]] ati [[H2 antagonist|H2]]), bi o tile jẹ wipe wọn loo ti wọn nro wipe o dara nitori ero ṣugbọn ẹri iwadi ko kin eyi lẹyin to. [[Atunyẹwo Cochrane]] kan ni ọdun 2007 ko ri eyikeyi ẹkọ ti o dara lati gbani niyanju rẹ<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sheikh A, Ten Broek V, Brown SG, Simons FE |title=H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anafilasisi: Cochrane systematic review |journal=Allergy|volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=830–7 |year=2007 |month=August |pmid=17620060 |doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01435.x|url=}}</ref> a ko si gbagbọ pe wọn ni nkan ti wọn nṣe lori edema tabi gbigbon ọna atẹgun.<ref name=CEA11/> [[Kọtikositẹrọidu]] le ma le mu iyatọ wa lọwọ yii nipa ipo anafilasisi, ṣugbọn o ṣee lo ni ireti wipe yoo din ewu anafilasis bafasiki ku. Mimunado wọn lati dena tabi dẹkun nkan ko yọranti to ni awọn ipo yii.<ref name=BI05>{{cite journal |author=Lieberman P |title=Biphasic anaphylactic reactions |journal=Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=217–26; quiz 226, 258 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16200811|doi= 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61217-3|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-allergy-asthma-and-immunology_2005-09_95_3/page/217}}</ref> [[Ti a sọ di alatẹgun]] [[salbutamol]] le munadoko fun [[sisunki ẹdọ foo]] ti efinifirini ko yanju.<ref name=CEA11/> A ti lo [[Methylene blue]] lara awọn ti ko ṣe daradara si awọn ọna miiran nitori ero wipe o ntu iṣan lara.<ref name=CEA11/> ===Abojuto=== Awọn eniyan ti o le tete ni anafilasisi ni agba ni imọran lati ni "eto iṣẹ fun nkan ti ara korira si", awọn obi ni agba ni imọran lati fi to awọn ile-iwe awọn ọmọ wọn leti nipa ikọrira ara ati awọn nkan ti o ye ki wọn ṣe bi pajawiri anafilatiki ba ṣẹlẹ.<ref name=Mart08/> Eto iṣẹ maa nni ninu lilo [[fifun ara ẹni ni abẹrẹ efinifirini]], igbani niyanju lati wọ [[ẹ̀gbà-ọwọ́ itaniji to niiṣe pẹlu iṣegun oyinbo]] kan, ati imọran lati yẹra fun awọn ohun ti o nṣe okunfa.<ref name=Mart08>{{cite journal|last=Martelli|first=A|coauthors=Ghiglioni, D, Sarratud, T, Calcinai, E, Veehof, S, Terracciano, L, Fiocchi, A|title=Anaphylaxis in the emergency department: a paediatric perspective.|journal=Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology|date=2008 Aug|volume=8|issue=4|pages=321–9|pmid=18596589|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e328307a067}}</ref> [[Ọna abojuto to nlo ajẹsara ara ẹni lati ṣe bojuto Nkan ti ara korira| Ọna abojuto to nlo ajẹsara ara ẹni]] wa fun awọn ohun ti o nṣe okunfa lati dena anafilasisi ọjọ iwaju. Ẹkọ onilọpọ ọdun nipa didinku tabi mimu kuro bi ara ṣe nṣiṣẹ lodi si nkan ninu ọra ni ati ri wipe o munadoko lodi si awọn kokoro ti njẹ ni nigbati dinku tabi mimu kuro bi ara ṣe nṣiṣẹ lodi si nkan lati ẹnu munadoko fun ọpọlọpọ ounjẹ.<ref name=Review09/> ==Sisọtẹlẹ== Ninu awọn ti a mọ okunfa wọn ti itoju si wa ni kiakia, asọtẹlẹ rẹ dara.<ref>{{cite book|last=Harris|first=edited by Jeffrey|title=Head and neck manifestations of systemic disease|year=2007|publisher=Informa Healthcare|location=London|isbn=978-0-8493-4050-5|pages=325|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=31yUl-V90XoC&pg=PA325|coauthors=Weisman, Micheal S.}}</ref> Bi o ti le jẹ wipe a ko mọ okunfa rẹ, bi awọn itọju lati dẹkun ba wa, asọtẹlẹ ma ndara.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Bi iku ba waye, o maa nsaba jẹ yala nipa eto mimi (paapaa [[àìlèmí]]) tabi ti ọkan ([[ijaya (lilọ kiri ẹjẹ)|ijaya]]),<ref name=CEA11/><ref name=Khan11/> pẹlu 0.7&ndash;awọn isẹlẹ 20% ma nfa iku.<ref name=Rosen2010>{{cite book |title=Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th edition |last=Marx|first=John |authorlink= |coauthors=|year=2010 |publisher=Mosby/Elsevier |location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-323-05472-0 |page=15111528 }}</ref><ref name=Cardio08>{{cite journal|last=Triggiani|first=M|coauthors=Patella, V, Staiano, RI, Granata, F, Marone, G|title=Allergy and the cardiovascular system.|journal=Clinical and experimental immunology|date=2008 Sep|volume=153 Suppl 1|pages=7–11|pmid=18721322|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515352/?tool=pubmed|pmc=2515352|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03714.x}}</ref> Awọn isẹlẹ fifarahan iku laarin iṣẹju ti wa.<ref name=World11/> Awọn abajade ninu awọn to ni anafilasisi ti idaraya nṣe okunfa maa ndara, pẹlu abajade ti o nira ti o kere tabi ti ko nira bi awọn eniyan ti ndagba.<ref>{{cite book|last=editor|first=Mariana C. Castells,|title=Anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions|year=2010|publisher=Humana Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-60327-950-5|pages=223|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=bEvnfm7V-LIC&pg=PA223}}</ref> == Ẹkọ nipa ajakalẹ arun== [[Wiwaye (ẹko nipa ajakalẹ arun)|wiwaye]] anafilasisi jẹ 4&ndash;5 ninu awọn eniyan 100,000 l’ọdun,<ref name=CEA11/>pẹlu [[cumulative incidence| ewu fun igbe-aiye]] ti 0.5&ndash;2%.<ref name=World11>{{cite journal|last=Simons|first=FE|coauthors=World Allergy, Organization|title=World Allergy Organization survey on global availability of essentials for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis by allergy-immunology specialists in health care settings.|journal=Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology|date=2010 May|volume=104|issue=5|pages=405–12|pmid=20486330|url=http://www.csaci.ca/include/files/WAO_Anaphylaxis_Guidelines_2011.pdf|doi=10.1016/j.anai.2010.01.023|access-date=2014-01-03|archivedate=2012-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426002319/http://www.csaci.ca/include/files/WAO_Anaphylaxis_Guidelines_2011.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref>O jọ wipe o npọ sii: wiwaye ni awọn ọdun 1980 sunmọ 20 ninu 100,00 l’ọdun, nigbati o di awọn ọdun 1990 o jẹ 50 ninu 100,000 l’ọdun.<ref name=Review09>{{cite journal |author=Simons FE |title=Anaphylaxis: Recent advances in assessment and treatment |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=124 |issue=4 |pages=625–36; quiz 637–8 |year=2009 |month=October |pmid=19815109 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.025 |url=https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/JAClinImmun_124_p0625.pdf |access-date=2014-01-03 |archivedate=2013-06-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627084618/https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/JAClinImmun_124_p0625.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> O jọ wipe anafilasisi ti ounjẹ ṣe okunfa rẹ npọ sii.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Koplin|first=JJ|coauthors=Martin, PE, Allen, KJ|title=An update on epidemiology of anaphylaxis in children and adults.|journal=Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology|date=2011 Oct|volume=11|issue=5|pages=492–6|pmid=21760501|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834a41a1}}</ref>Ewu naa pọju lọ ni aarin awọn ọdọ ati awọn obinrin.<ref name=Review09/><ref name=CEA11/> Lọwọlọwọ, anafilasisi nfa iye iku 500–1,000 l’ọdun (2.4 ninu miliọnu) ni orilẹ-ede Amẹrika, iye iku 20 l’ọdun ni orilẹ-ede Gẹẹsi (0.33 ninu miliọnu), ati iye iku 15 l’ọdun ni Ọsirelia (0.64 ninu miliọnu).<ref name=CEA11/>Iye iku ti dinku laarin awọn ọdun 1970 ati 2000.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Demain|first=JG|coauthors=Minaei, AA, Tracy, JM|title=Anafilasisi and insect allergy.|journal=Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology|date=2010 Aug|volume=10|issue=4|pages=318–22|pmid=20543675|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833a6c72}}</ref> Ni Ọsirelia, iku anafilasisi ti ounjẹ nfa maa nsaba waye laarin awọn obinrin nigbati iku ti o nwaye nitori kokoro ti o jẹ ni maa nsaba waye laarin awọn ọkunrin.<ref name=CEA11/> Ogun lilo ni o wọpọ julọ ti o nfa anafilasisi.<ref name=CEA11/> ==Itan== [[Charles Richet]] ni o ṣẹda ọrọ "afilasi" ni ọdun 1902 ti o tun wa yipada si "anafilasisi" nitori bi o ti ṣe dun ni sisọ l’ọrọ.<ref name=His11>{{cite journal|last=Boden|first=SR|coauthors=Wesley Burks, A|title=Anaphylaxis: a history with emphasis on food allergy.|journal=Immunological reviews|date=2011 Jul|volume=242|issue=1|pages=247–57|pmid=21682750|doi=10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01028.x}}</ref> O gba aami ẹyẹ [[Aami ẹ̀yẹ Nobel fun Iṣẹ iṣegun ati ẹkọ imọ ijinlẹ ṣiṣe iṣẹ ẹya ara nkan ẹlẹmi (Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology]] fun iṣẹ rẹ lori anafilasisi ni ọdun 1913.<ref name=Rosen2010/> Iṣẹlẹ naa jẹ eyiti a ti ṣe apejuwe rẹ lati igba lailai.<ref name=His10>{{cite journal|last=Ring|first=J|coauthors=Behrendt, H, de Weck, A|title=History and classification of anaphylaxis.|journal=Chemical immunology and allergy|year=2010|volume=95|pages=1–11|pmid=20519878|url=http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/42/04708611/0470861142.pdf|doi=10.1159/000315934}}</ref>Ọrọ naa wa lati [[ede Giriki|Giriki]] ἀνά ana, ''alodi si'', ati φύλαξις filasisi, ''idaabobo''.<ref name=Dict>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anaphylaxis|title=anaphylaxis|accessdate=2009-11-21|publisher=merriam-webster.com }}</ref> ==Iwadi ijinlẹ== Awọn iṣẹ kan nlọ lọwọ lati ṣẹda efinifirini [[sublingual]] lati ṣe itọju anafilasisi.<ref name=CEA11/> [[Abẹrẹ si abẹ ọra ara]] ti o lodi si IgE (anti-IgE) antibody [[omalizumab]] ni a nṣe ayẹwo gẹgẹ bii ọna lati dẹkun pipada, ṣugbọn a ko ti gba ni niyanju lilo rẹ.<ref name=World11/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Vichyanond|first=P|title=Omalizumab in allergic diseases, a recent review.|journal=Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology / launched by the Allergy and Immunology Society of Thailand|date=2011 Sep|volume=29|issue=3|pages=209–19|pmid=22053590}}</ref> ==Awọn itọkasi== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Awọn asopọmọ ode== {{Commons category|Anafilasisi}} [[Category:Medical articles translated from English]] 4iu7vxelrju21jbadpgkfyo9ft8vglg Streptococcal pharyngitis 0 60858 632073 605765 2026-08-19T17:06:21Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Streptococcal pharyngitis | Image = Pos strep.JPG | Caption = A culture positive case of streptococcal pharyngitis with typical tonsillar [[exudate]] in a 16 year old. | Alt = A set of large tonsils in the back of the throat covered in white exudate | DiseasesDB = 12507 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|J|02|0|j|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|034.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000639 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1811 | MeshID = }} Ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni èyítí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà (Strep throat) jẹ́ àìsàn tí àwọn kòkòrò tó ń fa àrùn tí à ń pè ní “ẹgbẹ́ bakitéríà. sitẹrẹpitókókálì" tí ó ń fà.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|nine/100014400|streptococcal pharyngitis}}</ref> Ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà máa ń yọ ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun, àwọn bèlúbèlú (àwọn gíláńdì rìbìtì méjì tí ó wà ní ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun, ní ẹ̀yìn ẹnu), àti bí ó bá ṣe é ṣe àpótí ohùn (larynx) lẹ́nu. Àwọn àmì àìsàn tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ní nínú ibà, ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tí ó ń dun ni (tí a tún ń pè ní ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni, àti àwọn nódù ẹ̀jẹ̀ funfun tí ó wú (lymph nodes) ní ọrùn. Ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà máa ń fa ìdá mẹ́tàdínlógójì nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (37%) ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tí ó ń dun ni láàrín àwọn ọmọdé.<ref name=Peds2010/> Ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà máa ń tàn nípasẹ̀ ìfarakora pẹ́kípẹ́kí pẹ̀lú aláìsàn kan. Láti ríi dájú wí pé ènìyàn kan ní ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà èyí tí ó ń dun ni, àyẹ̀wò kan tí à ń pè ní mímú àwọn nǹkan ẹlẹ́mìí dàgbà lórí nǹkan amú-nǹkan ẹlẹ́mìí dàgbà l’óde ara láti inú ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun (throat culture) fún ìwádìí ṣe pàtàkì. Láì ṣe àyẹ̀wò yìí pàápàá, a le mọ̀ nípa ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà nípasẹ̀ àwọn ààmì àìsàn. Ní èyí ti ó jọ bẹ́ẹ̀ tàbí tí a mọ̀ dájú, àwọn apa-kòkòrò (antibiotics) (àwọn oògùn tí ó ń pa bakitéríà) le dẹ́kun àìsàn náà láti má léwu gan-an àti láti mú ara padà bọ́ sípò ní kíákíá.<ref name=Review09/> ==Àwọn ààmì àìsàn== Ààmì àìsàn tí ó wọ́pọ̀ fún ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà ní ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tí ó ń dun ni, ibà tí ó ju 38°C (100.4°F) lọ, ọyún (olómi yẹ́lò tàbí aláwọ̀-ewé) tórí bélúbélú, àti àwọn gíláńdì tí ó wú nínú ọrùn.<ref name=Review09>{{cite journal |author=Choby BA |title=Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=5 |pages=383–90 |year=2009 |month=March |pmid=19275067 |doi=|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0301/p383.html}}</ref> Àwọn ààmì àìsàn mìíràn tún le wà: * Orí tí ó ń dun ni (ẹ̀fọ́rí)<ref name=Review06>{{cite journal |author=Brook I, Dohar JE |title=Management of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children |journal=J Fam Pract |volume=55 |issue=12 |pages=S1–11; quiz S12 |year=2006 |month=December |pmid=17137534 |doi= |url=}}</ref> * Èébì bíbì tàbí èébì tí ó ń gbé ní <ref name=Review06/> * Inú tí ó ń dun ni (Inú ríro)<ref name=Review06/> * Iṣan tí ó ń dun ni <ref name=Review2001/> * Èélá (tí ó wú díẹ̀ tí ó pọ́n) ní ara tàbí nínú ẹnu tàbí ní ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun (èyí tí kò wọ́pọ̀ ṣùgbọ́n àmì àìsàn tí ó dájú ní pàtó) <ref name=Review09/> Ẹni tí ó bá ní ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun dídùn tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà yóò fi àwọn àmì àìsàn hàn láàrin ọjọ́ kìn-ín-ní sí ìkẹta lẹ́yìn tí ó ní ìfarakora pẹ̀lú aláìsàn kan.<ref name=Review09/> {{Gallery |title= |width=19 |height=190 |lines=5 |File:StrepAug2010.JPG|alt1ìsẹ̀lẹ̀ ọna-ọfun to ndun ni ti kokoro ti a ko le f’oju lasan ri kan nfa. Kiyesi awọn belubelu nla naa pẹlu ọyún funfun. |File:Streptococcal pharyngitis.jpg|alt2=Iṣẹlẹ ọna-ọfun to ndun ni ti kokoro ti a ko le f’oju lasan ri kan nfa. Kiyesi ibi ti o pọn kekee ke. Èélá yii jẹ eyiti ti ko wọpọ ṣugbọn ti o ni aami aisan ni pato.<ref name=Review09/> |File:Strep throat2010.JPG|alt3=Isẹlẹ ọna-ọfun to ndun ni ti kokoro ti a ko le f’oju lasan ri ninu ọmọde kan ti ọjọ ori rẹ jẹ ọdun mẹjọ (8 years). Kiyesi wipe awọn belubelu nla lẹyin ọna-ọfun naa ni wọn kun fun ọyún funfun. }}<!-- |title is optional; default for |width & |height is 180 – may be changed as needed; |lines is number of lines needed for biggest caption --> ==Òkunfà== Àwọn kòkòrò tó ń fa àrùn (tàbí bakitéríà) tí à ń pè ní ẹgbẹ́ sitẹrẹputokokúsì tí bítà (A beta-hemolytic streptococcus) (GAS) ló ń se okùnfà ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà.<ref name=Review10>{{cite journal |author=Baltimore RS |title=Re-evaluation of antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis |journal=Curr. Opin. Pediatr. |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=77–82 |year=2010 |month=February|pmid=19996970 |doi=10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833502e7 |url=}}</ref> Àwọn kòkòrò mìíràn tó ń fa àrùn tún le fa ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tí ó ń dun ni.<ref name=Review09/><ref name=Review2001/> Ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà máa ń tàn nípasẹ̀ ìfarakora pẹ́kípẹ́kí ní tààrà pẹ̀lú aláìsàn kan. Ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, bíi àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ-ogun tàbí àwọn ọmọ ilé ẹ̀kọ́ máa ń mú kí àìsàn náà tàn káàkiri láti pọ̀ si.<ref name=Review2001>{{cite journal |author=Hayes CS, Williamson H |title=Management of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=63 |issue=8 |pages=1557–64 |year=2001 |month=April |pmid=11327431 |doi= |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010415/1557.html |access-date=2014-01-03 |archivedate=2008-05-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516091711/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010415/1557.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="pmid15765640">{{cite journal |author=Lindbaek M, Høiby EA, Lermark G, Steinsholt IM, Hjortdahl P |title=Predictors for spread of clinical group A streptococcal tonsillitis within the household |journal=Scand J Prim Health Care |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=239–43 |year=2004 |pmid=15765640 |doi=10.1080/02813430410006729}}</ref> Àwọn kòkòrò tó ń fa àrùn tí a kò le fojú rí tí wọ́n ti gbẹ tán tí a sì rí nínú erùpẹ̀ tí ó le sọ ènìyàn di aláàárẹ̀. Àwọn kòkòrò tó ń fa àrùn tí kò tíì gbẹ, bíi èyí tí a rí lórí pákó-òyìnbó (búrọ̀ṣì), lè jẹ́ kí ènìyàn ṣe àárẹ̀ fún bí ọjọ́ mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15 days).<ref name=Review2001/> Kò wọ́pọ̀ kí àwọn kòkòrò tó ń fa àrùn tí a kò fojú rí yìí láti wà nínú oúnjẹ kí wọ́n sì mú àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ oúnjẹ náà ṣe àárẹ̀.<ref name=Review2001/> ìdá méjìlá nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àwọn ọmọdé tí kò ní àwọn ààmì àìsàn kan fún ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà ń gbé afẹ́fẹ́ (GAS) àwọn kòkòrò tí ó ń fa àrùn káàkiri nínú ọ̀fun wọn.<ref name=Peds2010>{{cite journal |author=Shaikh N, Leonard E, Martin JM |title=Prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis and streptococcal carriage in children: a meta-analysis |journal=Pediatrics |volume=126 |issue=3 |pages=e557–64 |year=2010 |month=September|pmid=20696723 |doi=10.1542/peds.2009-2648 |url=}}</ref> == Fífi ìdí ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò ti a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà múlẹ̀== {| class="wikitable" style = "float: right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center" |+ Modified Centor score !Points||Ṣíṣe é ṣe kòkòrò tó ń fa ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni||Àbójútó |- | 1 tàbí èyí ti ó kéré sí èyí|| <10%||Kò nílò òògùn apakòkòrò tàbí àyẹ̀wò kòkòrò tó ń fà á rárá |- | 2 ||11–17%||rowspan="2"|Òògùn apakòkòrò tí ó dá lé orí mímu nǹkan ẹlẹmii tí a mu dàgbà lórí nǹkan amu ẹlẹmi dagba l’óde ara láti ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tàbí RADT |- | 3 ||28–35% |- | 4 tàbí 5 ||52%||[[Òògùn apakòkòrò tí ó dájú nípa ìrírí]] |} Àkójọ àwọn àbùdá tí à ń pè ní iye Sẹ́ńtọ̀ tí ó jẹ́ àtúnṣe (modified Centor score) ni à ń lò láti mọ bí a ti ń ṣe àbójútó àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tí ó ń dun ni. Èyí dá lórí àbùdá ọ̀nà àyẹ̀wò tí ìwádìí nípa ìmọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ ti òyìnbó márùn-ún, iye Sẹ́ńtọ̀ náà ń ṣe Ìtọ́kasí bí ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tí ó ń dun ni ṣe le wáyé sí.<ref name=Review09/> Ààmì kan ni a fún ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn àbùdá wọ̀nyí: <ref name=Review09/> *Kò sí ikọ́ kankan *Àwọn gíláǹdì tí ó wú tí ó sì rọ̀ ninu ọrùn *Ìwọ̀n gbígbóná tí ó ju 38°C (100.4°F) lọ *Ọyún tàbí wíwú àwọn gíláǹdì nínú ọrùn (bèlúbèlú) *Ọjọ́ orí tí ó kéré sí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (àmì kan ni a yọ kúrò fún ọjọ́ orí tí ó ju mẹ́rìnléógójì (44) lọ) ===Àyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ ìwádìí nípa ìmọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀=== Àyẹ̀wò kan tí à ń pè ní mímú nǹkan ẹlẹ́mìí tí a mú dàgbà lórí nǹkan a mú ẹlẹ́mìí dàgbà l’óde ara láti ọ̀nà-ọfun (throat culture) ni ọ̀nà tí ó ṣe kókó jù lọ. <ref>{{Cite book|author1=Smith, Ellen Reid |author2=Kahan, Scott |author3=Miller, Redonda G. |title=In A Page Signs & Symptoms |series=In a Page Series |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstown, Maryland|year=2008 |pages=312 |isbn=0-7817-7043-2 |oclc=}}</ref> láti mọ̀ bóyá ènìyàn kan ní ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú rí. Àyẹ̀wò yìí máa ń mọ ní ọ̀nà tí ó dánilójú ìdá 90 si 95 nínú àwọn tí ó ṣe àìsàn tí a yẹ̀wò. <ref name=Review09/> Àyẹ̀wò kan tí à ń pè ní àyẹ̀wò kòkòrò tó ń fà á ní kánkán (èyí tí a tún ń pè ní àyẹ̀wò mímọ antigini ní kánkán (rapid antigen detection testing), tàbí RADT) tún ṣe é lò. Àyẹ̀wó kòkòrò tó ń fà á ní kánkán yára ju mímu nǹkan ẹlẹ́mìí tí a mu dàgbà lórí nǹkan a mú ẹlẹ́mìí dàgbà l’óde ara láti ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun lò ṣùgbọ́n ó máa ń mọ àìsàn dájú nínú ìdà ààdọ́rin nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (70 percent) àwọn ènìyàn tí a yẹ̀wò. Àwọn àyẹ̀wò mejeeji le mọ ní ọgbọọgba nígbà ti ènìyàn kò bá ní ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú rí ń fà (ní ìdá méjìdínlọ́gọ̀rún àwọn ènìyàn tí a yẹ̀wò (98 percent)).<ref name=Review09/> Àyẹ̀wò nǹkan ẹlẹmi tí a mu dàgbà lórí nǹkan a mú ẹlẹmi dàgbà lóde ara láti ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tí ó rí bẹ́ẹ̀ (ni ọ̀rọ̀ mìíràn, èyí tí o mọ̀ wí pé ènìyàn ṣe àìsàn) tàbí àyẹ̀wò kòkòrò tó ń fà á ní kánkán, pẹ̀lú àwọn ààmì àìsàn ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú rí ń fà, n fìdí wíwá àìsàn náà múlẹ̀.<ref name=IDSAGuideline2002/> A kò gbọdọ̀ máa ṣe àyẹ̀wò nǹkan ẹlẹmi tí á mú dàgbà lórí nǹkan a mu ẹlẹmi dàgbà l’óde ara láti ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tàbí àyẹ̀wò kòkòrò tó ń fà á ní kánkán lóòrèkóòrè fún àwọn ènìyàn tí kò ní ààmì àìsàn. Ìdá àwọn ènìyàn kan láwùjọ ni kòkòrò àìfojú lásán rí streptokokal bakitéríà náà nínú ọ̀fun wọn láì sí àbájáde ewu kankan.<ref name=IDSAGuideline2002/> ===Àwọn àìsàn mìíràn tí a tún le sì mú fún ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a ko le fojú lásán rí ń fà=== {{Tun wo|Faringitisi ti o waye ni kiakia ti o si l’ewu}} Àwọn ààmì àìsàn ọ̀nà-ọ́fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà fi ara jọ àwọn ààmì àìsàn mìíràn. Fún ìdí èyí , mímọ ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí mọ̀ láì lo nǹkan ẹlẹ́mìí tí a mú dàgbà lórí nǹkan a mú ẹlẹ́mìí dàgbà l’óde ara láti ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tàbí àyẹ̀wò kòkòrò tó ń fa ni kankan láti le sọ̀rọ̀. <ref name=Review09/> Ikọ́ wíwú, fi fún ikun-imú, ìgbẹ́-ọ̀rin àti ojú pípọ́n tí ó ń ta ni ní àfikún pẹ̀lú ibà àti ọ̀nà ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni lè fẹ̀ ẹ́ jẹ́ ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí tí fáírọ̀sì (virus) fà jù kí ó jẹ́ ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà lọ.<ref name=Review09/> Wíwá àwọn gíláńdì ti ó wú (lymph nodes) nínú ọrùn pẹ̀lú ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tí ó ń dun ni, ibà ati àwọn gíláńdì tí ó tóbi (àwọn bèlúbèlú) nínú ọrùn le tún wáyé nínú àwọn àìsàn mìíràn tí à ń pè ní infectious mononucleosis.<ref name="pmid15508538">{{cite journal |author=Ebell MH |title=Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=70 |issue=7 |pages=1279–87 |year=2004 |pmid=15508538 |doi= |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20041001/1279.html |access-date=2014-01-03 |archivedate=2008-07-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724055725/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20041001/1279.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==Dídẹ́kun== Yíyọ àwọn bèlúbèlú kúrò le jẹ́ ọ̀nà tí ó lóye láti dẹ́kun ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà nínú àwọn ènìyàn tó máa ń sáábà ní àìsàn náà.<ref name=Old84>{{cite journal |author=Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Bachman RZ, ''et al.'' |title=Efficacy of tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infection in severely affected children. Results of parallel randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=310 |issue=11 |pages=674–83 |year=1984 |month=March |pmid=6700642 |doi= 10.1056/NEJM198403153101102|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_1984-03-15_310_11/page/674}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Alho OP, Koivunen P, Penna T, Teppo H, Koskela M, Luotonen J |title=Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting in recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in adults: randomised controlled trial |journal=BMJ |volume=334 |issue=7600 |pages=939|year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17347187 |pmc=1865439 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39140.632604.55 |url=}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àìsàn pẹ̀lú ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí fún ìgbà mẹ́ta tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ nínú ọdún kan ni a rí bíi ìdí láti yọ àwọn bèlúbèlú kúrò, ní títí di ọdún 2003.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Johnson BC, Alvi A |title=Cost-effective workup for tonsillitis. Testing, treatment, and potential complications|journal=Postgrad Med |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=115–8, 121 |year=2003 |m onth=March |pmid=12647478 |doi= |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_postgraduate-medicine_2003-03_113_3/page/115}}</ref> Kíkíyèsára nígbà tí ènìyàn ń dúró náà tún tọ̀nà.<ref name=Old84/> ==Títọ́jú== Ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú rí ń fà èyí tí a kò tọ́jú máa ń sáábà yanjú ara rẹ̀ láàrin ọjọ́ mélòó kan.<ref name=Review09/> Ìtọ́jú pẹ̀lú òògùn (àwọn apakòkòrò) máa ń dín pípẹ́ àwọn ààmì àìsàn kù fún bíi wákàtí mẹ́rìndínlógún (16 hours).<ref name=Review09/> Ìdí àkọ́kọ́ fún títọ́jú pẹ̀lú àwọn apakòkòrò ni láti dín ewu níní àìsàn tí ó léwu gan-an, bíi ibà tí ó léwu (tí a mọ̀ ní ibà rọ́ọgun-rọ́ọgun)tàbí àkójọ ọyún nínú ọ̀fun (tí a mọ̀ sí retropharyngeal abscesses) ku<ref name=Review09/>. Àwọn òògùn wọ̀nyí múnádóko bí a bá lò ó láàrin ọjọ́ mẹ́sàn-án (9 days) tí àwọn àmì àìsàn bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name=Review10/> ===Àbójútó ìrora=== Òògùn láti dín ìrora kù, bíi òògùn tí ó ń dín wíwú kù (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tàbí NSAIDs) tàbí òògùn tí ó ń dín ibà kú (parasitamọ,tabi asẹtaminofeni), lè ranni lọ́wọ́ láti ṣàkóso ìrora tí ó ní àsopọ̀mọ́ ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà.<ref name=Review00>{{cite journal |author=Thomas M, Del Mar C, Glasziou P |title=How effective are treatments other than antibiotics for acute sore throat? |journal=Br J Gen Pract |volume=50 |issue=459 |pages=817–20 |year=2000 |month=October |pmid=11127175 |pmc=1313826|doi=}}</ref> Àwọn sítẹ́ríọ́dù náà tún wúlò <ref name=Review10/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123372200/abstract |title=Effectiveness of Corticosteroid Treatment in Acute Pharyngitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. |work=Andrew Wing. 2010; Academic Emergency Medicine |accessdate= |archive-date=2012-12-04 |archive-url=https://archive.ph/20121204144746/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00723.x/abstract |dead-url=yes }}</ref>, gẹ́gẹ́ bíi kírìmù tàbí olómi tí à ń pè ní lidokáínì.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medicinenet.com/lidocaine_viscous/article.htm |title=Generic Name: Lidocaine Viscous (Xylocaine Viscous) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions |work=MedicineNet.com |accessdate=2010-05-07}}</ref> A le lo asipirínì fún àwọn àgbàlagbà ṣùgbọ́n a kò gbani nímọ̀ràn láti lò ó fún àwọn ọmọdé nítorí ó máa ń mu ewu níní àìsàn tí ó mú ewu bá ẹ̀mí ẹni tí à ń pè ní àkójọ àìsàn Reye (Reye's syndrome)gberu.<ref name=Review10/> ===Òògùn apakòkòrò (Antibiotics)=== Òògùn apakòkòrò jẹ́ ààyò ni orílẹ̀-èdè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Amẹ́ríkà]] fún títọ́jú ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni èyí tí kòkòrò ti a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà ni pẹnisilini V. Òògùn yìí gbayì nítorí àìléwu rẹ̀, owó rẹ̀ tí kò wọ́n àti mímúnádóko rẹ̀. <ref name=Review09/> Òògùn tí à ń pè ní amosilini ni wọ́n yàn ní [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bonsignori F, Chiappini E, De Martino M|title=The infections of the upper respiratory tract in children |journal=Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol |volume=23 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=16–9 |year=2010|pmid=20152073 |doi=}}</ref> Ní [[Índíà|India]], ní ibi tí ewu níní ibà rọ́ọgun-rọ́ọgun ti ga gan-an, òògùn alábẹ́rẹ́ tí à ń pè ní bẹnsatini pẹnisilini G ni ààyò àkọ́kọ́ fun abojuto.<ref name=Review10/> Òògùn apakòkòrò tí ó tọ̀nà máa ń dín iye ìgbà ààmì àìsàn kù (èyí tí ó jẹ́ ọjọ́ mẹ́ta sí márùn-ún) fún bí ọjọ́ kan. Àwọn òògùn wọ̀nyí tún máa ń dín títàn káàkiri àìsàn náà kù.<ref name=IDSAGuideline2002/> A máa ń kọ àwọn òògùn náà fún lílò ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbà láti gbìyànjú láti dín àwọn ewu tí kò wọ́pọ̀ bíi ibà tí ó le gan-an,ara tó ń janijẹ, tàbí àwọn àrùn kù. <ref name=InternalMedPosition2001>{{cite journal |author=Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR|title=Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults |journal=Ann Intern Med |volume=134 |issue=6 |pages=506–8 |year=2001|month=March |pmid=11255529 |doi= |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/reprint/134/6/506.pdf}}</ref> Àwọn ànfàní ṣíṣe àbójútó ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le f’ojú lásán rí pẹ̀lú òògùn apakòkòrò ni a gbọ́dọ̀ mú dọ́gba pẹ̀lú àwọn ewu tí ó le wáyé pẹ̀lú lílò wọn <ref name=Review2001/>. A kò nílò láti fún àwọn àgbàlagbà tí ara wọn dá sáká tí wọ́n ní ìhùwàsí ara sí àwọn òògùn èyí tí kò dára ni òògùn apakòkòrò fún ìtọ́jú. <ref name=InternalMedPosition2001/> Àwọn òògùn apakòkòrò ni a kọ fún lílò fún ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà ní ipò tí ó ga gan-an ju èyí tí a lérò lọ nítorí bí ó ti ṣe léwu sí àti bí ó ṣe ń tàn káàkiri. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Linder JA, Bates DW, Lee GM, Finkelstein JA |title=Antibiotic treatment of children with sore throat |journal=J Am Med Assoc |volume=294 |issue=18 |pages=2315–22 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16278359|doi=10.1001/jama.294.18.2315 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/294/18/2315}}</ref> Òògùn eritiromaisini (àti àwọn òògùn mìíràn tí à ń pè ní mákírólídì) ni a gbà àwọn ènìyàn tí ara wọn ní ìkórira tí ó le sí pẹnisilini níyànjú láti lo.<ref name=Review09/> Àkọ́kọ́, oríṣi òògùn tí à ń pè ní sẹfalosiporini ṣe é lò fún àwọn tí ara wọn ní ìkórira tí kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ léwu. <ref name=Review09/> Àwọn àrùn tí kòkòrò streptokokal tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà (Streptococcal infections) tún le fa wíwú àwọn kídìrín. Àwọn òògùn apakòkòrò kò le dín níní èyí kù. <ref name=Review10/> ==Ìwò== Àwọn ààmì àìsàn ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà máa ń san nípa ṣíṣe àbójútó rẹ̀ tàbí àìṣe àbójútó rẹ̀, láàrin ọjọ́ mẹ́ta sí márùn-ún. <ref name=IDSAGuideline2002>{{cite journal|author=Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM, Kaplan EL, Schwartz RH |title=Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. [[Infectious Diseases Society of America]] |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=113–25 |year=2002 |month=July|pmid=12087516 |doi=10.1086/340949 |last3=Gwaltney}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àbójútó pẹ̀lú òògùn apakòkòrò máa ń dín ewu àwọn àìsàn tí ó léwu kù àti títàn káàkiri àìsàn náà. Àwọn ọmọdé le padà sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ lẹ́yìn wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógún (24 hours) tí wọ́n bá ti lo òògùn apakòkòrò.<ref name=Review09/> Àwọn ìṣòro tí ó léwu gan-an wọ̀nyí le wáyé nítorí ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà: * Àwọn ibà tí ó le gan-an, bíi ibà rọ́ọgun-rọ́ọgun <ref name=Review06/> tabi ibà Àlàárì (Scarlet fever)<ref name=Uptodate/> * Àìsàn tí ó ń kó ewu bá ẹ̀mí ẹni tí à ń pè ní àkójọ àìsàn tí ó wáyé nípasẹ̀ idiji màjèlé (toxic shock syndrome)<ref name=Uptodate>{{Cite web|url=http://www.utdol.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=upp_resp/4610 |title=UpToDate Inc. |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Stevens DL, Tanner MH, Winship J, ''et al.''|title=Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A |journal=New England Journal of Medicene|volume=321 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |year=1989 |month=July |pmid=2659990 |doi= 10.1056/NEJM198907063210101|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_1989-07-06_321_1/page/1}}</ref> * Wíwú àwọn Kídìrín <ref name=Review05/> * Àìsàn kan tí à ń pè ní àkójọ àìsàn PANDAS (PANDAS syndrome)<ref name=Review05>{{cite journal |author=Hahn RG, Knox LM, Forman TA |title=Evaluation of poststreptococcal illness|journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=71 |issue=10 |pages=1949–54 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15926411 |doi= |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2005-05-15_71_10/page/1949}}</ref>, ìṣòro pẹ̀lú àjẹsára tí ó máa ń fà á nígbà mìíràn àwọn ààmì àìsàn tí ó l’éwu gan-an nípa ìhùwàsí, lójijì. ==Àwọn àwòṣe àti títàn káàkiri àìsàn náà== Ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni (tàbí faringitísì), ìsọ̀rí tí ó gbòòrò nínú èyí tí ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí wà, ni a ṣe àwárí rẹ̀ nínú àwọn ènìyàn mílíọ̀nù mọ́kànlá (11 million) l’ọ́dọọdún ní orílẹ̀èdè Amẹ́ríkà.<ref name=Review09/> Fáírọ́ọ̀sì ni ó máa ń fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun tó ń dun ni tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú lásán rí ń fà. Ṣùgbọ́n, ẹgbẹ́ bakitéríà tí kòkòrò tí a kò le fojú rí ti bítà (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus) máa ń fà nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ìdá 15 sí 30 ọ̀fun tí ó ń dun ni láàrín àwọn ọmọdé àti sí 20 láàrin àwọn àgbàlagbà.<ref name=Review09/> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ máa ń sábà wáyé nígbà tí jíjábọ̀ yínyìn bá ń kâsẹ̀ ń lẹ̀ tí ọ̀rini (Spring) sí ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ń bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name=Review09/> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist|colwidth=30}} [[Category:Medical articles translated from English]] f2knq7zxabkdwamntozioxxy6wv352t Àrùn oorun àsùnjù 0 61227 632097 499576 2026-08-19T17:47:31Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = African trypanosomiasis | Caption = Àwọn oríṣiríṣi Trypanosoma nínú [[Ẹ̀jẹ̀ fún àyẹ̀wò]] | Image = Trypanosoma sp. PHIL 613 lores.jpg | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|56||b|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|086.5}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 29277 | DiseasesDB_mult= {{DiseasesDB2|13400}} | MedlinePlus = 001362 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 2140 | MeshID = D014353 }} '''African trypanosomiasis''' tàbí '''àrùn oorun àsùnjù'''<ref name=WHO2013/> jẹ́ [[àrùn]] [[kòkòrò ajọ̀fẹ́]] lára àwọn ènìyàn àti àwọn ẹranko mìíràn. A má a wáyé nípasẹ̀ kòkòrò àrùn ajọ̀fẹ́ tí ó jẹ́ ara oríṣi ìpín ẹranko tí a npè ní ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]''.<ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|001362|Sleeping sickness}}</ref> Àwọn oríṣi méjì ni ó má a nkó àrùn bá ènìyàn, ''[[Trypanosoma brucei gambiense]]'' (T.b.g) àti ''[[Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense]]'' (T.b.r.).<ref name=WHO2013/> T.b.g ni ó má a nfa méjìdínlógún nínú ọgọrun ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àrùn náà tí a ti rí rí.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite journal|author=WHO Media centre|title=Fact sheet N°259: Trypanosomiasis, Human African (sleeping sickness)|year=June 2013|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/en/}}</ref> Bí eṣinṣin tí ńmú ni sun oorun àsùnjù tí a ńpè ní [[eṣinṣin tsetse]], èyí tí ó ti ní àrùn náà lára tẹ́lẹ̀ rí bá gé ni jẹ ni títàn káàkiri àwọn oríṣi méjèèjì kòkòrò àrùn ajọ̀fẹ́ náà má a ńwáyé, èyí sì wọ́pọ̀ ní àwọn ìgbèríko.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, ní ipele èkíní nínú àrùn náà, ibà, orí-fífọ́, ara-yíyún, àti ìrora oríìké-ara a má a wáyé.<ref name=WHO2013/> Èyí a má a bẹ̀rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ọ̀sẹ̀ kan sí mẹta tí eṣinṣin náà bá ti gé ni jẹ.<ref name=Lancet2013/> Lẹ́yìn ọ̀sẹ̀ díẹ̀ sí oṣù díẹ̀, ipele kejì a má a bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àìmọ ohun tí ènìyàn ńṣe mọ́, àìlèronú bí ó ti tọ́, àìlègbé ọwọ́ tàbí ẹsẹ̀, àti àìrí oorun sùn.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Lancet2013/> A má a ńṣe ìdánimọ̀ oríṣi àìsàn náà nípa wíwá kòkòrò àrùn ajọ̀fẹ́ náà nínú [[ẹ̀jẹ̀ tí a pèsè fún àbẹ̀wò]] tàbí nínú omi-ara tí a gbà láti àwọn oríìké-ara.<ref name=Lancet2013/> A má a ń nílò láti [[fa omi jáde láti inú ọ̀pá-ẹ̀yìn]] láti lè mọ ìyàtọ̀ laarin ipele èkíní àti èkejì àrùn náà.<ref name=Lancet2013/> Láti dènà bíburújù àrùn náà, a nílò láti ṣe àyẹ̀wò gbogbo àwọn ènìyàn tó wà lábẹ́ ewu níní àrùn náà nípasẹ̀ àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ fún kòkòrò àrùn ajọ̀fẹ́ T.b.g.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ìtọ́jú a má a rọrùn síi nígbàtí a bá ṣàkíyèsi àrùn náà lásìkò àti ṣáájú àkókò tí àwọn ààmì àìsàn iṣan ara yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí farahàn.<ref name=WHO2013/> A má a ńṣe ìtọ́jú ipele èkíní pẹ̀lú àwọn egbògi tí a ńpè ní [[pentamidine]] tàbí [[suramin]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Ìtọ́jú ipele kejì a má a wáyé nípasẹ̀ egbògi tí a ńpe ní [[eflornithine]] tàbí àdàpọ̀ [[nifurtimox]] àti eflornithine fún T.b.g.<ref name=Lancet2013>{{cite journal|last=Kennedy|first=PG|title=Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).|journal=Lancet neurology|date=2013 Feb|volume=12|issue=2|pages=186-94|pmid=23260189}}</ref> Bí o tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé [[melarsoprol]] a má a ṣiṣẹ́ fún méjèèjì, a má a ńsába lòó fún T.b.r. nítorí àwọn ipa mìíràn tí egbògi náà má a ń ní lára ènìyàn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àrùn náà a má a wáyé láti ìgbà dé ìgbà ní àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní [[Gúsù Aginjù Sahara ní Afrika]], níbití àwọn ènìyàn tí ó wà lábẹ́ ewu ti pọ̀ tó àádọ́rin mílíọ̀nù (70 million) ní orílẹ̀-èdè mẹ́rìndílógójì.<ref name=Sim2012>{{cite journal|author=Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Franco JR, Paone M, Diarra A, Ruiz-Postigo JA, Fèvre EM, Mattioli RC, Jannin JG |title=Estimating and Mapping the Population at Risk of Sleeping Sickness |journal=PLoS Negl Trop Dis |volume=6|issue=10|pages=e1859|year=2012|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001859}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2010 ó fa ikú àwọn ènìyàn tí ó tó 9,000, èyí tí ó wálẹ̀ láti iye ènìyàn tí ó tó 34,000 ní ọdún 1990.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ó tó 30,000 ni ó ní àrùn náà báyìí, pẹ̀lú àkóràn 7000 titun ní ọdún 2012.<ref name=WHO2013/> Iye tí ó ju ìwọ̀n ọgọsan nínú ọgọrun (80%) lọ lára àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n wà ní [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ti Kongo]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Oríṣi mẹta àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn náà ni ó ti wáyé láìpẹ́: ọ̀kan láti ọdún 1896 sí 1906 ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Uganda]] àti [[Adágùn omi Kongo]] nìkan, àti méjì ní ọdún 1920 àti 1970 ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Afrika mìíràn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àwọn ẹranko mìíràn gẹ́gẹ́ bíi maalu, lè kó àrùn náà, kí wọ́n sì ní àkóràn àìsàn náà.<ref name=WHO2013/> ==References== <references /> j2zbk1j5ynvvq3h8psayic3urjug7oj Dìgbòlugi 0 61516 632163 624060 2026-08-19T19:09:20Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Rabies| Image = Dog with rabies.jpg | Caption = Ajá tí ó ya dìgbòlugi ní ìpele wọ́nranwọ̀nran (wọ́nranwọ̀nran) | DiseasesDB = 11148 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|82||a|82}} | ID9 = {{ICD9|071}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001334 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1374 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|eerg|493}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1974}} | MeshID = D011818 }} '''Dìgbòlugi''' jẹ́ kòkòrò àkóràn àrùn tí o ń fa ohun líle [[àrùn ọpọlọ|àrùn ọpọlọ]] nínu ènìyàn àti àwọn ẹlẹ́jẹ̀ gbígbóná ẹranko míìràn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Lára àwọn amì àkọ́kọ́ rí ni [[ibà]] àti ara rínrìn ní àwọn ibi tó hàn síta.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ọ̀kan tàbí méjì àmì tí ó máa ń tẹ̀lé àmì yíi níwọ̀nyí: Ìrìn hánran-hànran, ìdùnnú àìlékoníjànu, ìbẹ̀rù omi, àìlegbé àwọn ẹ̀yà ara kan, ìpòrúúru, àti àìlèrántí ohun.<ref name=WHO2013/> Lẹ́hìn tí àmì jẹyọ, dìgbòlugi sábà máa ń jásí ikú.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àkókò láárin ìgbà kíkó àrùn yíi àti ìgbà tí àmì jẹyọ jẹ́ láàrín oṣù kan sí mẹ́ta. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àkókò yìi léjẹ̀ ókéré ọsẹ̀ kan sí ju ọdún kan.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àkókò dálé ọ̀nàréré tí kòkòrò àkóràn gbọ́dọ̀ rìn láti dé ẹ̀yà ara bí ọpọlọ àti egungun ẹ̀hìn.<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book |author=Cotran RS |title=Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease |edition=7th |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2005 |page=1375 |isbn=0-7216-0187-1|author-separator=, |author2=Kumar V |author3=Fausto N |display-authors=3}}</ref> Dìgbòlugi ń ran ènìyàn láti ara eranko míìràn. Dìgbòlugi lèràn nígbà tí eranko tí ó ní lára fèkanná ha tàbí bu ẹranko tàbí ènìyàn míìràn jẹ.<ref name=WHO2013/> Itọ́ láti ara ẹranko tí ó ní àkóràn náà léṣòkùnfà dìgbòlugi nígbà tí itọ́ bá kan ibi itọ́ ẹranko tàbí ènìyàn míìràn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ọ̀pọ̀ dìgbòlugi nínu àwọn ènìyàn jẹ́ òkùnfà ìgéjẹ ajá.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ju 99% ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ dìgbòlugi ní àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè tí ajá ti ń ní dìgbòlugi, ìbùjẹ ajá ni o ń fà.<ref name=Tint2010>{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2010 |pages=Chapter 152 |isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</ref> Ní ilẹ̀ [[Amẹ́ríkà]], [[àdán]] ni ó sábà maa ń fa dìgbòlugi, ó kérésí ìdá 5% dìgbòlugi lára àwọn ènìyàn ni o ń wá láti ọ̀dọ̀ ajá.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Tint2010/> Àwọn eku kìí sábà ní dìgbòlugi.<ref name=Tint2010/> kòkòrò àifójúrí dìgbòlugi maa ń lọsí ọpọlọ nípa àwọn ọ̀nà yíì ẹ̀yà ara bí ọpọlọ àti egungun ẹ̀hìn. Alè ṣàwarí àrùn yíi lẹ́hìn tí àwọn àmì rẹ̀ bá farahàn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ìṣàkóso ẹranko àti ìpèsè àwọn oògùn ti dín ìjàm̀bá dìgbòlugi láti ara ajá kù ní àwọn ọ̀pọ̀ ẹkùn àgbayé.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ìpèsè oògùn fún àwọn ènìyàn ní ibi tí wọ́n ti ń yára ko ṣe pàtàkì. Àwọn tí ò lè yára ko ni àwọn tí o ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú àdán tàbí tí o ńlo àkókò púpọ̀ ni àwọn apá ibìkan lágbàyé níbi tí dìgbòlugi ti wọ́pọ̀.<ref name=WHO2013/> Lára àwọn tí o ti ní dìgbòlugi, oògùn dìgbòlugi tàbí nígbà mííràn dìgbòlugi èròjà inú ara to ń gbógun ti kòkòrò dára ní dídẹ̀kun àrùn náà bí ènìyàn náà bá gba ìtọjú ṣáájú dìgbòlugi.<ref name=WHO2013/> Fífọ ìgéjẹ àti ojú ìha léèkanná fún ìṣẹjú mẹ́ẹ̀dogún pẹ̀lú ọṣẹ àti omi, iodine ẹlẹ́fun, tàbí ọṣẹ ìyẹ̀fun lépa kòkòrò àìfojúrí nítorí wọ́n já fáfá ní dídẹ̀kun ìtànkálẹ̀ dìgbòlugi.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Rabies Fact Sheet N°99|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=28 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn díẹ̀ ni ó là lọ́wọ ìfarakó dìgbòlugi èyí sì wà láti ara ìtọjú púpọ̀, táa mọ̀sí Ètò Milwaukee.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J | title = Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. | journal = Lancet neurology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 498–513 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23602163 | doi = 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70038-3 }}</ref> Dìgbòlugi ńfa ikú lágbayé lọ́dọọdún bi 26,000 sí 55,000.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | author = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, et al. | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 }}</ref> Ju ìdá 95% ikú wọ̀nyíi ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ni [[Asia]] àti [[Africa]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Dìgbòlugi wà ní orílẹ̀ èdè 150 ní àwọn ojú ilẹ̀ ayé yàtọ̀ sí Antarctica.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ju bílíọ́nù 3 àwọn ènìyàn ni o ń gbé ní ẹkùn lágbàyé níbi tí dìgbòlugi ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ní ọ̀pọ̀ [[Europe]] àti [[Austrálíà|Australia]], ara àdán nìkan ni dìgbòlugi wà.<ref>{{cite web|title=Presence / absence of rabies in 2007|url=http://www.who.int/rabies/Absence_Presence_Rabies_07_large.jpg?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=1 March 2014|year=2007}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè erékùsù ni kòní dìgbòlugi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rabies-Free Countries and Political Units|url=http://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/rabies-free-countries.html|work=CDC|accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref> ==References== <references /> m2ivk6th4kwtpkoptijascwjr1y7cbq Ascariasis 0 61517 632055 606482 2026-08-19T16:33:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Àrùn àpótíàlàyé | Orúkọ = Ascariasis | Image = Ascaris_lumbricoides.jpeg | Caption = ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|77||b|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|127.0}} | OMIM = 604291 | DiseasesDB = 934 | MedlinePlus = 000628 | eMedicineSubj = article | eMedicineTopic = 212510 | MeshID = D001196 | }} '''Ascariasis''' jẹ́ àrùn tí kòkòrò ajọ̀fẹ́ tí a npé ní [[aràn alára rógódó]] ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' nṣe òkùnfà rẹ̀.<ref name=Dold2011/> Àkóràn àrùn náà kò ní ààmì àìsàn kankan lára marundinlaadọrun nínú ọgọrun (85%) àwọn ènìyàn tó ti ní àrùn náà, pàápàá bí iye àwọn aràn náà bá kèrè.<ref name=Dold2011>{{cite journal|last=Dold|first=C|author2=Holland, CV|title=Ascaris and ascariasis.|journal=Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur|date=Jul 2011|volume=13|issue=7|pages=632–7|pmid=20934531|doi=10.1016/j.micinf.2010.09.012}}</ref> Àwọn ààmì àìsàn a má a pọ̀ síi pẹ̀lú iye aràn tó wà lára, lára irú àwọn ààmì bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni [[àìlèmíkanlẹ̀]] àti [[ibà]] ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àìsàn náà.<ref name=Dold2011/> Àwọn ààmì àìsàn bíi inú wíwú, inú rírun àti [[ìgbẹ́ gbuuru]] lè tẹ̀lé èyí.<ref name=Dold2011/> Àwọn ọmọdé ni ó má a nsábà ní àkóràn àrùn náà, láàárín àwọn ọmọdé bẹ́ẹ̀, àkóràn àrùn náà tún lè ṣe òkùnfa àìlẹ́ranlára, [[àìtó èròjà oúnjẹ lára]] àti àwọn ìṣòro nípa ẹ̀kọ́-kíkọ́.<ref name=Dold2011/><ref name=Hagel2010/><ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections Fact sheet N°366|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/|work=World Health Organization|date=June 2013}}</ref> <!-- Òkùnfà àti Ìwádìí àrùn --> Àkóràn àrùn náà a má a wáyé nípasẹ̀ jíjẹ oúnjẹ tàbí mímu omi tí [[ẹyin]] aràn tí à npè ní ''Ascaris'' náà, èyítí ó ti inú ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ jáde wá, bá ti kó sí, tí ó sì ti sọ di àìmọ́.<ref name=Hagel2010/> À ó pa àwọn ẹyin náà nínú [[ìfun]], àwọn aràn náà a sì gbẹ́ ihò sínú ògiri ikùn ènìyàn, wọn a sì gba ibẹ̀ lọ sínú [[àwọn ẹ̀dọ̀fóró]] nípasẹ̀ [[ẹ̀jẹ̀]].<ref name=Hagel2010/> Níbẹ̀ wọn yóò wọ inú [[àwọn àpò atẹ́gùn inú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró]], wọn yóò sì ṣàn lọ sókè nínú [[Ọ̀pá atẹ́gùn|ọ̀nà-ọ̀fun]], níbití a ó ti wú wọn jáde bí ikọ́, tí a ó sì gbé wọn mì.<ref name=Hagel2010/> Àwọn ìdin náà yóò sì gba inú ikùn kọjá fún ìgbà kejì sínú ìfun níbití wọn yóò ti dàgbà sí aràn nlá.<ref name=Hagel2010/> <!-- Ìdènà àrùn àti Ìtọ́jú --> Ìdènà àrùn náà níí ṣe pẹ̀lú [[ìmọ́tótó]], èyítí ó kan mímú ìlọsíwájú bá níní ànfàní sí [[ilé-ìyàgbẹ́]] àti dída [[ìgbẹ́]] nù ní ọ̀nà tí ó tọ́.<ref name=Dold2011/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ziegelbauer|first=K|author2=Speich, B|author3= Mäusezahl, D|author4= Bos, R|author5= Keiser, J|author6= Utzinger, J|title=Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=PLoS medicine|date=Jan 2012|volume=9|issue=1|pages=e1001162|pmid=22291577|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001162|pmc=3265535}}</ref> [[Ọwọ́-fífọ̀]] pẹ̀lú ọṣẹ farahàn bí ààbò tó péye.<ref name=Fung2009>{{cite journal|last=Fung|first=IC|author2=Cairncross, S|title=Ascariasis and handwashing.|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|date=Mar 2009|volume=103|issue=3|pages=215–22|pmid=18789465|doi=10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.08.003}}</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè ibití iye ènìyàn tó ju méjìlélógún nínú ọgọrun (20%) lọ ti ní àkóràn àrùn náà, a dámọ̀ràn pé kí a ṣe ìtọ́jú gbogbo ènìyàn láti ìgbà dé ìgbà ní tẹ̀lé-n-tẹ̀lé.<ref name=Dold2011/> Wíwáyé àrùn náà lára ẹnití ó ti níi rí jẹ́ ohun tí ó wọ́pọ̀.<ref name=Hagel2010/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Jia|first=TW|author2=Melville, S|author3= Utzinger, J|author4= King, CH|author5= Zhou, XN|title=Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=PLoS neglected tropical diseases|year=2012|volume=6|issue=5|pages=e1621|pmid=22590656|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001621|pmc=3348161}}</ref> Kò sí [[àjẹsára]].<ref name=Hagel2010/> Àwọn ìtọ́jú tí [[Àjọ Ìlera fún Àgbáyé]] dámọ̀ràn ni àwọn egbògi bíi [[albendazole]], [[mebendazole]], [[levamisole]] tàbí [[pyrantel pamoate]].<ref name=Hagel2010>{{cite journal|last=Hagel|first=I|author2=Giusti, T|title=Ascaris lumbricoides: an overview of therapeutic targets.|journal=Infectious disorders drug targets|date=Oct 2010|volume=10|issue=5|pages=349–67|pmid=20701574|doi=10.2174/187152610793180876}}</ref> Àwọn egbògi mìíràn tó tún má a nṣiṣẹ́ ni [[tribendimidine]] àti [[nitazoxanide]].<ref name=Hagel2010/> <!—Àtànká àti Ìṣàkóso àtànká àrùn --> Iye àwọn ènìyàn tó tó bílíọ̀nù 0.8 sí 1.2 káàkiri àgbáyé ni ó ní àrùn ascariasis, tí àwọn àwùjọ tó sì ní àrùn náà púpọ̀ jùlọ sì jẹ́ àwọn ará [[Gúsù Sahara Afirika]], [[Amẹrika Latini]], àti Eṣia.<ref name=Dold2011/><ref name=Kei2010/><ref name=Fen2012>{{cite journal|last=Fenwick|first=A|title=The global burden of neglected tropical diseases.|journal=Public health|date=Mar 2012|volume=126|issue=3|pages=233–6|pmid=22325616|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.015}}</ref> Èyí mú kí àrùn ascariasis jẹ́ ẹ̀yà [[àkóràn aràn ajọ̀fẹ́ nípasẹ̀ iyẹ̀pẹ̀ ilẹ̀]] tó wọ́pọ̀ júlọ.<ref name=Kei2010>{{cite journal|last=Keiser|first=J|author2=Utzinger, J|title=The drugs we have and the drugs we need against major helminth infections.|journal=Advances in parasitology|year=2010|volume=73|pages=197–230|pmid=20627144|doi=10.1016/s0065-308x(10)73008-6}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2010, ó ṣe òkùnfà ikú àwọn ènìyàn tó tó 2,700, èyítí ó wálẹ̀ láti ènìyàn 3,400 tó kú ní ọdún 1990.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Oríṣi aràn ''[[Ascaris]]'' mìíràn a má a ran àwọn ẹlẹ́dẹ̀.<ref name=Dold2011/> ==References== <references /> cxjliuekzz50fgob6ojzbu0jjzsufm5 Àmínìamáralókun 0 61678 632056 501694 2026-08-19T16:34:33Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632056 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:B_vitamin_supplement_tablets.jpg|thumb|Ìgò ògùn alábùkún àmínìamáralókun B alágbára gíga.]] '''Àmínìamáralókun''' (fítámínì {{Àdàkọ:IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|v|ɪ|t|əm|ɪ|n}}) is an organic compound and a vital nutrient that an [[Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀mín|organism]] requires in limited amounts.<ref name="Lieberman">Lieberman, S and Bruning, N (1990). </ref> An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when the organism cannot synthesize the compound in sufficient quantities, and must be obtained through the diet; thus, the term "vitamin" is conditional upon the circumstances and the particular organism. For example, ascorbic acid (one form of vitamin C) is a vitamin for humans, but not for most other animal organisms. Supplementation is important for the treatment of certain health problems, but there is little evidence of nutritional benefit when used by otherwise healthy people.<ref name="Fort2013">{{cite journal|last = Fortmann|first = SP|author2 = Burda, BU|author3 = Senger, CA|author4 = Lin, JS|author5 = Whitlock, EP|title = Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: An Updated Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-internal-medicine_2013-12-17_159_12/page/n45|journal = Annals of internal medicine|date = 12 Nov 2013|pmid = 24217421|doi = 10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00729|volume = 159|issue = 12|pages = 824–34}}</ref> {{ekunrere}} == Itokasi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn àmínìamáralókun]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ónjẹ amáralókun]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ónjẹ amálalókun pàtàkì]] pqv5tqp8xxopbjdx1up3yx0bjpmzyjx Ṣiṣunu 0 61721 632142 592358 2026-08-19T18:45:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | Name = Ṣiṣunu | Image = Multiple rotavirus particles.jpg | Caption = Aworan ohun apẹẹrẹ [[rotavirus]], okunfa ida 40% irele-iwosan lwo ṣiṣunu lara awọn ọmọde labẹ ọdun marun.<ref name=WHO2010a/> | DiseasesDB = 3742 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|09||a|00}}, {{ICD10|K|59|1|k|55}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|787.91}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 003126 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 583 | MeshID = D003967 }} <!-- Definition and Characteristics --> '''Ṣiṣunu''' tàbi '''ṣiṣunu''' ohun ni ipo idamira [[inu rirun]] loojọ.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/>--> O maa n gba ọjọ meloo kan eyi ti o n fa [[ara gbigbẹ]] lara pipadanu omi.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Awọn aami ara gbigbẹ maa n bẹrẹ lara ipadanu ara fifa ati ayipada ara ẹni.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Eyi le di idinku [[itọ]], [[pallor|ipadanu awọ ara]], ti [[tachycardia|iyara mi]], ati [[idinku imoye|idinku itaraji]] bi o ti n pọsi.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Idinku ṣugbọn kiiṣe igbẹ ṣiṣan awọn ọmọwọ ti o n [[muyan]], sibẹsibẹ, o le daa.<ref name=WHO2013/> <!-- Cause and Diagnosis --> okunfa ti o wọpọ ni àkóràn ti awọn [[ifun]] eyi ti boya [[àwọn àkóràn]], [[kokoro àkóràn]], [[afomọ]], tabi ipo ti a mọsi [[inu kikun]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Awọn akoran yii maa n waye lara ounjẹ tabi omi ti o ni kokoro lara igbẹ, tabi taara lara ẹni ti o ni arun yii.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> A le pin si ipele mẹta: ṣiṣunu olomi igba kukuru, ṣiṣunu ọlọjọ igba kukuru, ati bi o ba ju ọsẹ meji lọ, ṣiṣunu lemọlemọ.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> ṣiṣunu olomi igba kukuru lejọ lara akoran ti [[ṣiṣu ati bibi]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Bi o bani ẹjẹ ninu a maa n peni [[ṣiṣu ẹjẹ]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Ọpọ okunfa aini-akoran le di ṣiṣunu ti o pẹlu: [[hyperthyroidism]], [[aigba ṣuga duro]], [[aarun inu fifẹ]], ọpọ ilo oogun, ati [[aami inu riro]] ati imi.<ref name=CEM2013>{{cite book|last1=Doyle|first1=edited by Basem Abdelmalak, D. John|title=Anesthesia for otolaryngologic surgery|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=1107018676|pages=282–287}}</ref> Ni ọpọ igba [[awọn aṣa igbẹ]] ni ako nilo lati jẹri okunfa gan an.<ref name=NEJM2014/> <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> Dídádúró ti akoran ṣiṣunu nipa imudara [[imọtoto]], mimọ [[omi mimu]], ati [[ọwọ fifọ]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Ifun lọmu]] okere oṣu mẹfa ní a gbàníyànjú [[ogun ida ajakalẹ arun duro|ogun ilodisi ajakalẹ arun]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Ilo ogun ida omi pada sara|ọna abayọ ida omi pada sara]] (ORS), eyi ti o jọ omi mimọ pẹlu iwọn iye iyọ ati [[ṣuga]], ohun ni aayo itọju.<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Zinc#Afikun eroja ounjẹ|Tabulẹti Zinc]] ní a tun gbàníyànjú.<ref name=WHO2013/>Itọju yii ni o ti gba ẹmi miliọnu 50 awọn ọmọde la ni ọdun 25 sẹyin.<ref name=WHO2010a>{{cite web |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf |title=whqlibdoc.who.int |format=PDF |work=[[World Health Organization]] |access-date=2015-07-14 |archive-date=2010-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108051648/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Nigba ti awọn eniyan bani ṣiṣunu a gbàníyànjú ki wọn maa jẹ ounjẹ onilera ati ki awọn ọmọ wẹwẹ maa mu ọyan.<ref name=WHO2013/> Bi kobasi ORS ti a polowo, ọna abayọ ti a ṣe nile ni a lelo.<ref name=Prober2012>{{cite book|last1=Prober|first1=edited by Sarah Long, Larry Pickering, Charles G.|title=Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9781455739851|page=96|edition=4th |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=TN2Gu2Af1BIC&pg=PA96}}</ref> Fun awọn ti o ni omi gbigba ara ti o lewu, [[ifa omi sara]] ni a lelo.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ni ọpọ igba; sibẹsibẹ, ni a le bojuto nipa ilo omi lati ẹnu.<ref>{{cite web|author1=ACEP|title=Nation’s Emergency Physicians Announce List of Test and Procedures to Question as Part of Choosing Wisely Campaign|url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/nations-emergency-physicians-announce-list-of-test-and-procedures-to-question-as-part-of-choosing-wisely-campaign/|website=Choosing Wisely|accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> awọn [[aṣodi si kokoro]], ti a kii saba lo, ni a le gbaniyanju ni awọn kan bi awọn ti o ni ṣiṣe aajo ati iba lile, awọn ti o ni lile [[ṣiṣunu awọn arinrin-ajo|iṣunu ti o n tẹle awọn arinrin-ajo]], ati awọn ti o ni awọn kokoro ati afomọ pato ninu igbẹ wọn.<ref name=NEJM2014/> [[Loperamide]] le ṣeranwọ lati dẹkun iye inu kikun ṣugbọn ako gbaniyanju fun awọn ti o ni arun lile.<ref name=NEJM2014>{{cite journal|last1=DuPont|first1=HL|title=Acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent adults.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-04-17_370_16/page/1532|journal=The New England journal of medicine|date=Apr 17, 2014|volume=370|issue=16|pages=1532–40|pmid=24738670|doi=10.1056/nejmra1301069}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology and Prognosis --> Bi 1.7 si? 5&nbsp;iṣẹlẹ biliọnu ti ṣiṣunu n ṣẹlẹ lọdọdun.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=CEM2013/> O wọpọ [[awọn orilẹ ede ti o n gberu]], nibiti awọn ọmọde ti n ni ṣiṣunu ni o kere ẹmẹẹta lọdun.<ref name=WHO2013/> Lagbaye, ni 2012, ohun ni ekeji okunfa ti o wọpọ [[Iku ọmọde|iku awọn ọmọde]] ti o kere si marun (0.76 milionu tabi 11%).<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=CDC2013/> Iemlemọ iwọpọ ṣiṣunu naa wọpọ [[aijẹun to]] ati ti o ṣokunfa iwọpọ laarin awọn ti o keresi ọmọ ọdun marun.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Diarrhoeal disease Fact sheet N°330|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/|website=World Health Organization|accessdate=18 June 2014|date=April 2013}}</ref> Awọn iṣoro ọlọjọ pipọ ti o le waye pẹlu ailera idagba ara ati ọpọlọ.<ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Global Diarrhea Burden|url=http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/diarrhea-burden.html|website=CDC|accessdate=18 June 2014|date=January 24, 2013}}</ref> ==Awọn itọkasi== {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn àrùn]] t6i5ymc1zobv9dh5g1lohbp8zu7yzoe Àrùn Chagas 0 61755 632087 605764 2026-08-19T17:27:14Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Àrùn Chagas | Image = Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia.jpeg | Caption = Photomicrograph of [[Giemsa]]-stained ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' | DiseasesDB = 13415 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|57||b|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|086}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001372 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 327 | MeshID = D014355 }} '''Àrùn Chagas''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɑː|ɡ|ə|s}}, tàbí '''àrùn traipanosomiasisi Amẹrika''', jẹ́ irúfẹ́ [[àrùn ajẹlójú-onílé]] [[àrùn ilẹ̀-olóoru|kan ni ilẹ̀-olóoru]] tí [[abẹ̀mí protosoa]] tí a tún mọ̀ sí ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]''<ref name="WHO2013" /> n ṣe okùnfà rẹ̀. Irúfẹ́ [[Àwọn kòkòrò eégbọn ]]kan ni í máa n tàn án káàkiri.<ref name="WHO2013" /> Ìmọ̀lára àrùn náà máa n yípadà bí àrùn náà bá ti bọ́ sí ará ẹnìkan. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀, aláìsàn kì í sáàbà mọ̀ ọ́ lára tàbí kí ó máa ṣe é fẹ́ẹ́rẹ́fẹ́, tí ó sì lè mú àìsàn ibà, ará-wíwú [[àwọn kànga omi-ẹ̀jẹ̀]], tàbí ẹ̀fọ́rí lọ́wọ́, tàbí kí ojú ibi tí kòkòrò náà ti buni jẹ wú.<ref name="WHO2013" /> Lẹ́yìn ọ̀ṣẹ̀ 8 sí 12, ni onítọ̀hún náà yóò bọ́ sínú àìsàn náà gan an gan an, tí ó sì jẹ́ pé ìdá 60 sí 70 ninu ọgọ́rùn ún ni kì í rí ìmọ̀lára àrùn tí ó ju èyí náà lọ.<ref name="Rassi2010">{{cite journal |author=Rassi A, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA |title=Chagas disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-17-23-2010_375_9723/page/1388 |journal=Lancet |volume=375 |issue=9723 |pages=1388–402 |date=April 2010 |pmid=20399979 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60061-X}}</ref><ref name="Rassi2012">{{cite journal|last=Rassi A|first=Jr|author2=Rassi, A|author3=Marcondes de Rezende, J|title=American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease).|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_infectious-disease-clinics-of-north-america_2012-06_26_2/page/275|journal=Infectious disease clinics of North America|date=June 2012|volume=26|issue=2|pages=275–91|pmid=22632639|doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.002}}</ref> Tí ìdá 30 sí 40 ninu 100 àwọn ènìyàn sì máa n ní àwọn ìmọ̀lára àrùn míràn sí lẹ́yìn ọdún 10 sí 30 tí àrùn náà ti kọ́kọ́ wọ wọ́n lára.<ref name="Rassi2012" /> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ìfarahàn àrùn yìí ni kí [[àwọn fẹ́ntíríkù ọkàn-ènìyàn]] tóbi gan an tí bí i 20 sí 30 ninu 100 sí máa n yọrí sí kí [[ọkàn ṣíwọ́-iṣẹ́]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Tí [[gògò-ń-gò nla|gògò-n-gò gbẹ̀ǹgbẹ̀]] kan tàbí [[̀òpin-abọ́dìí|abọ́dìí kọlọbọ]] náà sì lè jẹ́ àrùn tí yóò ṣe àwọn 10 ninu 100 àwọn ènìyàn míràn.<ref name=WHO2013/> == Okùnfà ati Ìtọpinpin == "Kòkòrò eégbọn" [[hematophagy|mùjẹ̀mùjẹ̀]] tí í ṣe ìbátan awọn kòkòrò-àrùn [[Triatominae]] ni ó máa n tan ààrùn ''T. cruzi'' sí ara àwọn ènìyàn ati ti àwọn ẹranko-abirun-lára míràn.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|publisher=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |url= http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trypanosomiasisAmerican/ |title=DPDx&nbsp;– Trypanosomiasis, American. Fact Sheet |accessdate=12 May 2010}}</ref> Àwọn kòkòrò yii ní oríṣiríṣi orukọ tí wọn máa n pè wọn ní awọn agbegbe kọọkan,bí i: ''vinchuca'' ní ilẹ̀ Arjentina, Bolifia, Shile ati [[Paragúáì|Paraguay]], ''barbeiro'' ( [[onígbàjámọ̀ oníṣẹ́-abẹ| onígbàjámọ̀]]) ni wọn n pè é; ní ilẹ Brasili, wọn n pè é ní ''pito'' ní ilẹ̀ [[Kòlómbìà|Kolombia]], ò n jẹ́ ''chinche'' ní Ààrin-gbùngbùn Amẹrika, ati ''chipo'' ní ilẹ Fenesuela. Awọn ààrùn náà a tún máa tàn kálẹ̀ nípaṣẹ̀ [[gbigba ẹjẹ sí ara]], [[pípààrọ̀ ẹya-ara]], jìjẹ ounjẹ tí ó ní awọn kòkòrò àrùn yii nínú, àti [[gbígba ẹ̀jẹ̀ lóòrò|láti ara ìyà sí ọlẹ̀]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Ìtọ́pínpín àrùn yìí ṣeéṣe tí àrùn náà kò bá tí ì pẹ́ lára nípa lílo ẹ̀rọ máíkrósíkópù fún ṣiṣe àwárí kòkòrò àrùn nàá.<ref name=Rassi2012/> Tí àrùn náà bá ti pẹ́ lára, nípasẹ̀ títọ́pínpín àwọn[[akọ́dà-ara]] tó máa n bá ''T. cruzi'' jà nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀ ni a tún fi lè ṣe àyẹ̀wò àrùn yìí.<ref name=Rassi2012/> == Dídèná Àrùn náà àti Gbígba Ìtọ́jú == Pípa àwọn kòkòrò eégbọn run àti kí a má ṣe jẹ́ kí wọn bù wa jẹ ni ọna kan pátákì láti dènà àrùn yìí.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àwọn ọna ìgbìyànjú míràn láti dènà àrùn náà tún ni yíyẹ ẹ̀jẹ̀ wò kí a tó gbà á sára.<ref name=WHO2013/> Kò sì tí ì sí abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára kan fún un títí di ọdun 2013.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àísàn naa ṣe é wò tí kò bá tí ì wọra dáadáa pẹlu lílo ògùn [[benznidazole]] tàbí [[nifurtimox]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Àwọn ògùn yìí lè mú àrùn náà kúrò lára pátápátá tí a bá tètè bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní lò wọn sugbọn iṣẹ́ wọn yoo dinkù bí àrùn Chagas bá ti n pẹ́ lára.<ref name=WHO2013/> Tí a bá lo àwọn ògùn yìí fún àrùn tí ó ti pẹ́ lára, wọn lè dá àwọn ìmọ̀lára òpin àrùn dúró tàbí kí wọn dènà ìfarahàn wọn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Benznidazole àti nifurtimox tún máa n fa àwọn àìbáradọgba kan tí kò pẹ́ títí lára àwọn eniyan 40 ninu 100 <ref name=WHO2013/> àwọn bí i ìṣáká ara, májèlé ọpọlọ àti dídá wahala sílẹ̀ fun àkópọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà-ara tí n mú oúnjẹ dà lára.<ref name="Rassi2010"/><ref name=Bern>{{cite journal |author=Bern C, Montgomery SP, Herwaldt BL, et al.|title=Evaluation and treatment of chagas disease in the United States: a systematic review |url=https://archive.org/details/jama_2007-11-14_298_18/page/2171|journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=18 |pages=2171–81 |date=November 2007|pmid=18000201 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.18.2171}}</ref><ref name=Rassi2>{{cite journal|author=Rassi A, Dias JC, Marin-Neto JA, Rassi A |title=Challenges and opportunities for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of Chagas' disease |journal=Heart |volume=95|issue=7 |pages=524–34 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19131444 |doi=10.1136/hrt.2008.159624|url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19131444}}</ref> == Ìtànká àti Ìdẹ́kun Àrùn náà == Ó fẹ̀rẹ̀ tó miliọnu 7 sí 8 ènìyàn, pàápáá ní ilẹ [[Meksiko]], [[Ààrin-gbùngbùn Amẹrika]] àti ilẹ [[Gúsù Amẹrika]] ti wọn ní àrùn Chagas.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) Fact sheet N°340|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs340/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=March 2013}}</ref> Èyí yọrí sí ikú àwọn ẹ̀gbẹ̀rún mejila àbọ̀ ènìyàn ní ọdun 2006.<ref name=Rassi2010/> Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn tí àrùn náà mú ni wọn jẹ́ akúṣẹ̀ẹ́<ref name=Rassi2010/> tí ó tún jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ nínú wọn ni kò tilẹ̀ mọ̀ pé àwọn ní àrùn náà lára.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Capinera|editor-first=John L.|title=Encyclopedia of entomology|year=2008|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=9781402062421|page=824|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA824|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Òbítíbitì àwọn ènìyàn tí n ṣí lọ láti ibikan sí òmíràn tún mú àwọn agbègbè tí àrùn Chagas náà ti n ṣe ọṣẹ́ fẹ̀ sì i, tí Ilẹ́ Gẹẹ̀́sì àti Ilẹ̀ Amẹrika sìn bẹ lára wọn pẹ̀lú.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn agbègbè náà sì ni àrù yìí tún ti gbilẹ̀ sí i títí dé ọdún 2014.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bonney|first=KM|title=Chagas disease in the 21st Century: a public health success or an emerging threat?|journal=Parasite |date=2014|volume=21|pages=11|pmid=24626257|doi=10.1051/parasite/2014012|pmc=3952655}} {{open access}}</ref> [[Carlos Chagas]] ni ó kọ́kọ́ ṣàpéjúwe àrùn yìí ní ọdun 1909. Òun náà sí ni a ṣe n fi orúkọ rẹ̀ pe àrùn náà.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àrùn yìí pẹlu a máa wà lára irúfẹ́ àwọn ẹranko bí i àádọ́jọ míràn.<ref name=Rassi2010/> ==Àwọn Àtọ́kasí== <references /> ezku5whc4k5fw49tuybfwx3r2zzcel6 Hepataitisi A 0 61782 632104 503402 2026-08-19T17:56:21Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Hepatitis A | Image = Jaundice eye.jpg | Caption = A case of jaundice caused by hepatitis A | Field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[gastroenterology]] | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|15||b|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|070.0}}, {{ICD9|070.1}} | DiseasesDB = 5757 | MedlinePlus = 000278 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 991 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|977}} | MeshID = D006506 }} '''Hepataitisi A''' (tí a mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ sí '''àjàkálẹ̀ hepataitisi''') jẹ́ [[àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn]] kan tó jẹ́ ara àwọn [[(Ìtọ́jú-ìlera) àìsàn-tó-ti-wọra|àìsàn-k]][[ẹ̀dọ̀|ẹ̀kẹ̀]] tó máa n bá [[ẹ̀dọ̀]] jà èyí tí kòkòrò-àrùn hepataitisi A {HAV} máa n tàn kálẹ̀.<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th | pages = 541–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà ni àìsàn yìí máa n farahàn fẹ́ẹ́rẹ́fẹ́ tàbí kí ó má tilẹ̀ farahàn rárá pàápàá júlọ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀dọ̀.<ref name=AFP2012/> Láàrin ìgbà tí ẹnìkan kó àìsàn náà sí àkókò tí yóò farahàn máa n tó bí i ọ̀ṣ̀ẹ̀ méjì sí mẹ́fà .<ref name="pmid16271543">{{cite journal| author=Connor BA| title=Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler| journal=Am. J. Med.| volume=118 |issue=Suppl 10A| pages=58S–62S| year=2005| pmid=16271543| doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018}}</ref> Fífarahàn àìsàn náà máa n sáábà gbà tó ọ̀ṣẹ̀ mẹ́jọ, tí ó sì máa n wá pẹ̀lú ọkàn-rínrìn, èèbì, ìgbẹ̀-gbuuru, [[ibà pọ́njú|awọ-ara bí-àyìnrín]],ibà àti inú rírun.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ìmọ̀lára-àìsàn yìí máa n wá lemọ́lemọ́ lára bí i ìdá mẹ́wàá sí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún ninu ọgọ́rùn ún ènìyàn láàrin oṣù mẹ́fà lẹ́hìn tí àìsàn náà bá ti kọ́kọ́ kọluni.<ref name=AFP2012/> [[Àìsàn-tó-ti-wọra tí-n-mú-ẹ̀dọ̀ ṣíwọ́-iṣẹ́|Àìsàn-k]][[ẹ̀dọ̀|ẹ̀kẹ̀]] tí-n-mú-ẹ̀dọ̀ ṣíwọ́-iṣẹ́ kí í sáábà bá ìmọ̀lára yìí rìn nítorí tí ó wọ́pọ̀ júlọ láàrin àwọn àgbàlagbà.<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Okùnfà --> Jíjẹ oúnjẹ tàbí mímu omi tí ìgbẹ́ alarùn kan ti ṣe àkóbá fún ni ó máa n tan àìsàn náà kálẹ̀ .<ref name=AFP2012>{{cite journal|last=Matheny|first=SC|last2=Kingery |first2=JE|title=Hepatitis A.|journal=Am Fam Physician |date=1 December 2012|volume=86|issue=11|pages=1027–34; quiz 1010–2|pmid=23198670 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1201/p1027.html}}</ref> [[Ẹja-oníkarawun]] tí a kò bá ṣè jinná dáadáa tún jẹ́ orísun okùnfà tó wọ́pọ̀ fún àìsàn yìí.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bellou | first1 = M. | last2 = Kokkinos | first2 = P. | last3 = Vantarakis | first3 = A. | title = Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review. | journal = Food Environ Virol | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 |date=March 2013 | doi = 10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6 | pmid = 23412719 }}</ref> Ó sì tún lè jẹ nípasẹ̀ fífi ara kan ẹni kan tí ó ní àìsàn náà lára.<ref name=AFP2012/> Bí ó tilẹ jẹ́ pé ni ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà ni kì í hán lára àwọn ọmọdé bí wọn bá ní àìsàn náà lára, síbẹ̀ wọn lè ko ran ẹlòmíràn .<ref name=AFP2012/> Lẹ́yìn tí àìsàn náà bá sì ti ṣe ẹnìkan lẹ́ẹ̀kan, kò tún ní í lè nípá lórí ẹni náà mọ́.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases|year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9780816069903|page=105|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HfPU99jIfboC&pg=PA105}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò àìsàn náà nílò pé kí a ṣe àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ nítorí tí àìsàn náà farapẹ́ irúfẹ́ àwọn àìsàn bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=AFP2012/>  Èyí jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn kòkòrò-àrùn [[hepatitis|hepataitisi]] márùn ún tí a mọ̀: A, [[hepatitis B|B]], [[hepatitis C|C]], [[hepatitis D|D]], àti [[hepatitis E|E]]. <!-- Ìdènà àti Ìtọ́jú-àìsàn -->  [[Abẹ́rẹ́-àjẹsára hepatitis A|Abẹ́rẹ́-àjẹsára hepataitisi A]] lágbára tó láti dènà àìsàn yìí.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=Irv2012>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Irving | first1 = GJ. | last2 = Holden | first2 = J. | last3 = Yang | first3 = R. | last4 = Pope | first4 = D. | title = Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A. | journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume = 7 | issue =  | pages = CD009051 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2 | pmid = 22786522 }}</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míràn ṣe é ní dandan pé kí àwọn ọmọdé àti àwọn tí àìsàn yìí lè tètè kọlù máa gbà àjẹsára yìí lóòrèkórè.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=WHO2013/> Ó jọ pé àjẹsára náà máa n ṣiṣẹ́ lára títí láí ni.<ref name=AFP2012/> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ yòókù tí a tún lè fi dènà rẹ̀ ni [[fífọ-ọwọ́]] àti ṣíṣe oúnjẹ wa ní àṣèjínna.<ref name=AFP2012/> Kò fẹ́rẹ̀ sí ìtọ́jú kan ní pàtó, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìsinmi tí ó tó àti lílo òògùn ní bí a ṣe kọ ọ́ fún ní gẹ́lẹ́ n ṣiṣẹ́ fún [[ọkàn-rìnrìn]] tàbí [[ìgbẹ́-gbuuru]].<ref name=AFP2012/> Àìsàn náà sì máa n lọ pátápátá láì ṣe àkóbá fún ẹ̀dọ̀ .<ref name=AFP2012/> Tí wàhálà ẹ̀dọ̀ tó-ṣíwọ́-iṣẹ́ bá ṣẹlẹ̀, ọ̀nà-àbáyọ kan ṣoṣo náà ni [[gbígba-ẹ̀dọ̀-míràn]].<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Ìtàkálẹ̀ Àrùn --> Káàkiri àgbáyé, bí i miliọnu kan àbọ̀ ènìyàn ni àìsàn yìí n bá fínra lọ́dọọdún<ref name=AFP2012/> èyí tí ó jẹ́ díẹ̀ lára ọ̀kẹ̀ àìmọye tí àìsàn náà kọlù lápapọ̀.<ref name=Was2006>{{cite journal|last=Wasley|first=A|author2=Fiore, A |author3=Bell, BP |title=Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination.|journal=Epidemiol Rev |year=2006|volume=28|pages=101–11|pmid=16775039 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxj012 |url=http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/101.long}}</ref> Àwọn ẹkùn tí ìmọ́tótó kòsí àti tí àwọn ibi ti omi tó mọ́ kò ti pọ̀ ni àìsàn náà ti wọ́pọ̀ ní àgbáyé.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref>  Ní bí i ìdà àádọ́rùn ún nínú ọgọ́rùn ún àwọn ọmọdé ní àwọn [[orílẹ̀-èdè tó-ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀-n-dìde-nlẹ̀]] ni àìsán yìí ti ṣe wọn lati bí i ọmọ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tí ara wọn sì kọ̀ ọ́ ní ipò àgbà.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ó tún máa n sáábà bẹ́ ṣílẹ̀ bí àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí n gòkè-àgbà lọ́wọ́ níbi tí àìsàn náà kò ti ṣe àwọn ọmọ náà ní èwe tí abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára kò sì tún kárí níbẹ̀.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ní ọdún 2010, àìsàn hepataitisi A tó kanpá yọrí sí ikú àwọn 102,000 ènìyàn.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> [[Àyájọ Hepatitis L’ágbàáyé|Àyájọ Hepataitisi L’ágbàáyé]] máa n wáyé ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù keje lọ́dọọdún láti ṣí àwọn ènìyàn létí sí [[kòkòrò-àrùn hepatitis|kòkòrò-àrùn hepataitisi]].<ref name=WHO2013/> ==References== <references /> dwjhfblc263tpwfdldttkyeginxlzds Àìjẹ̀un-dáradára 0 61790 632167 576965 2026-08-19T19:27:23Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Àìjẹ̀un-dáradára | Image = Orange ribbon.svg | Caption = Ríbónì olómi ọsàn kan—[[akiyesi riboni]] fun àìjẹ̀un-dáradára naa. | Width = 120 | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = 263.9 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000404 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 1360 | MeshID = D044342 }} <!-- Definition and Symptoms --> '''Àìjẹ̀un-dáradára''' tabi '''aijẹ ounjẹ t'oyẹ''' jẹ ipo ti o n waye lara jijẹ ounjẹ ti awọn [[ounjẹ aṣara lore|ounjẹ aṣara l'ore]] koto tabi ti o ti pọju ti o si fa awọn iṣoro ilera.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|five/000062745| àìjẹ̀un-dáradára}}</ref><ref name=FFL2010>{{cite book|first1=UNICEF|title=Facts for life|date=2010|publisher=United Nations Children's Fund|location=New York|isbn=978-92-806-4466-1|pages=61 and 75|edition=4th ed.|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf|access-date=2015-09-19|archivedate=2018-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212170249/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf}}</ref> Awọn ounjẹ aṣara lore le jẹ́: [[kalori]], [[puroteni]], [[kabọhidireti]], awọn [[fitamin]] tabi [[iṣafikun ounjẹ|minira]].<ref name=FFL2010/> A saba maa n lo ni pataki lati tọkasi '''aijẹun to dara to''' nibi ti kosi kalori, puroteni tabi [[awọn eroja ounjẹ]]; sibẹsibẹ, o tun pẹlu [[ijẹun ju]].<ref name=Young2012>{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=E.M.|title=Ounjẹ ati idagba|deeti=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=9781135999414|pages=36–38|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=XhwKwNzJVjQC&pg=PA36}}</ref><ref name=Jones2011>{{cite book|title=Essentials of International Health|date=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9781449667719|page=194|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=lt7TqZPZSlIC&pg=PA194}}</ref> Bi aijẹ eroja ounjẹ to ba waye boya ni [[iloyun]] tabi ṣaaju ọmọ ọdun meji o le jasi awọn iṣoro aileyipada pẹlu idagba ifojuri ati ọpọlọ.<ref name=FFL2010/> Aijẹ ohun aṣara lore to ti o gaju, ti a mọsi [[ifebipa]], leni awọn aami ti o pẹlu: ràrá, ara gbigbẹ, ailokun ti o to, ati ẹsẹ wiwu ati [[ikùn]].<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=Young2012/> Awọn eniyan tun saba maa n ni awọn akoran wọn si saba maa n [[ipo ara tutu|tutù]].<!-- <ref name=Young2012/> --> Awọn aami ti [[aisi eroja inu ounjẹ to]] dale irufẹ eroja ounjẹ ti kosi nibẹ.<ref name=Young2012/> <!-- Cause --> Aijẹ ounjẹ toyẹ maa n waye nitori airi ojulowo ounjẹ jẹ.<ref name=WHO2014/> Eyi ko sai somọ ọwọn gogo iye ounjẹ ati [[iṣẹ]].<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=WHO2014/> Aisi ti [[ifun lọ́mú]] le dakun, bi awọn ọpọ [[awọn akoran arun]] bii: [[inu wiwu]], [[arun ẹdọforo]], [[ba]] ati [[eeyì]] ti o maa n ṣafikun awọn eroja ounjẹ .<ref name=WHO2014/> Awọn oriṣi aijẹun toyẹ to meji lowa: [[aijẹ ounjẹ toyẹ okun- puroteni]] ati alebu aijẹ ounjẹ to.<ref name=Jones2011/> Aijẹ ounjẹ toyẹ okun- puroteni ni awọn alebu meji: [[marasmus]] (aini puroteni ati kalori) ati [[kwashiorkor]] (aito puroteni nikan).<ref name=Young2012/> Aini eroja ounjẹ toye ni: aini [[aito ayọnu|ayọnu]], [[aito ayodini|ayodini]] ati [[aito fitamini A|fitamini A]].<ref name=Young2012/> Lakoko [[oyun]], ti o da lori ibeere-fun pupọ, awọn aito wa wọpọ si.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Konje|first1=editor, Mala Arora ; co-editor, Justin C.|title=Recurrent pregnancy loss|date=2007|publisher=Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788184480061|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Ni awọn ọkan [[awọn orilẹ-ede ti o n dagba]] ounjẹ ajẹju bii [[isanraju]] ti wa n pọ ni aarin awọn awujọ bii aijẹ ounjẹ to.<ref>{{cite web|title=Progress For Children: A Report Card On Nutrition|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2015-09-19|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112154958/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Awọn okunfa aijẹun toyẹ to miiran ni [[iri ara-ẹni bi pe a sanra nigba ti a ru]] àti [[bariatric surgery|bṣẹ abẹ idin ounjẹ ti inu le gba kù]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prentice|first1=editor-in-chief, Benjamin Caballero ; editors, Lindsay Allen, Andrew|title=Encyclopedia of human nutrition|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9780080454283|page=68|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=DHtERWm0mrcC&pg=RA1-PA68}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Stoelting's anesthesia and co-existing disease|date=2012|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781455738120|page=324|edition=6th ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=yxTtmJYPUV0C&pg=PA324}}</ref> Laarin awọn [[agba]] aijẹ ounjẹ to'yẹ wọpọ nitori okunfa afojuri, ero inu ati ibalopọ.<ref>{{cite book|last1=editors|first1=Ronnie A. Rosenthal, Michael E. Zenilman, Mark R. Katlic,|title=Principles and practice of geriatric surgery|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9781441969996|page=78|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=VcgmpMZE6a8C&pg=PA87}}</ref> <!-- Treatment --> Ipa lati mu gbooro [[ounjẹ]] jẹ lara awọn ipo ti o ya [[iranwọ idagba]].<ref name=UK2012/> Ifun lọmu le din iye aijẹ ounjẹ to ati iku ninu awọn ọmọde ku,<ref name=FFL2010/> ati awọn ipa lati mu gberu iṣe bẹẹ dagba pọ.<ref name=Bh2013/> Ninu awọn ọmọde pipese ounjẹ pẹlu ọmu-mimu laarin oṣu mẹfa ati ọdun meji mu abajade gberu.<ref name=Bh2013/> Ẹri gidi wa ti o kin lẹhin pe [[awọn eroja ounjẹ|eroja ounjẹ]] ti ọpọ awọn eroja ounjẹ lakoko oyun ati laarin awọn ọmọde ni awọn orilẹ-ede ti o n dagba.<ref name=Bh2013/> Lati pese ounjẹ fun awọn ti o nilo rẹ ju ni ipese ounjẹ ati ipese owo ki awọn eniyan le ra ounjẹ laarin ọja ilu lọ geere.<ref name=UK2012/><ref>{{cite web|title=Eto Ounjẹ Agbaye, Owo ati Iwe Owo fun Ounjẹ|url=http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/communications/wfp246176.pdf|website=WFP.org|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=April 2012}}</ref> Fifun awọn eniyan lounjẹ nikan to.<ref name=UK2012/> Ibojuto aijẹ ounjẹ t'oyẹ ti o l'ewu laarin ile eniyan pẹlu àwọn ounjẹ ìlo iwosan aarun ṣeeṣe lọpọ igba.<ref name=Bh2013/> Laarin awọn ti o ni ewu aije ounjẹ toyẹ lowọ awọn iṣoro itọju ilera miiran laarin ile-iwosan ni a bọwọlu.<ref name=Bh2013/> Eyi nilo abojuto [[hypoglycemia|aito ṣuga]], [[hypothermia|imọlara ara]], [[ara-gbigbẹ]], ati ifun-lounjẹ diẹdiẹ.<ref name=Bh2013/><ref name=WHO2003>{{cite book|first1=Ajọ Ilera Agbaye. Authors: Ann Ashworth|title=Awọn ilana fun itọju aifarabalẹ ti awọn ọmọde ti o n jiya gidi lọwọ aijẹ ounjẹ toyẹ|date=2003|publisher=Ajọ Ilera Agbaye|Ibi=Geneva|isbn=9241546093}}</ref> Igbesẹ awọn [[ogun aṣodi si akoran]] ni a bọwọlu nitori akoran ti o pọ.<ref name=WHO2003/> Awọn ilana itọju ọjọ pipẹ ni: imugbooro awọn iṣe agbẹ,<ref name=solcultivateplanet>{{cite journal |author=Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber, Matt Johnston, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Christine O’Connell, Deepak K. Ray, Paul C. West, Christian Balzer, Elena M. Bennett, Stephen R. Carpenter, Jason Hill1, Chad Monfreda, Stephen Polasky1, Johan Rockström, John Sheehan, Stefan Siebert, David Tilman1, David P. M. Zaks |title=Solutions for a cultivated planet Awọn ọna abayọ fun agbaye ti a kọ|iwe akọsilẹ=Ẹda |volume=478 |issue=7369 |pages=337–342 |date=October 2011|pmid=21993620|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7369/full/nature10452.html |doi=10.1038/nature10452}}</ref> re dioṣi kuim, imumọtoto gbooroth, atiofifun awọn obinrin ni agbara iṣẹ<ref name=UK2012/> <!-- Epidemiology, Society and Culture --> Awọn 925 miliọnu eniyan ti kori ounjẹ jẹ to ni agbaye ni o wa ni 2010, ọpọ ti 80&nbsp;miliọnu lati 1990.<ref name=FAO2010>{{cite web|title=Ebi agbaye n dinku, ṣugbọn eyi ti o ga ti a ko ebi Abgaye tẹwọgba ti o le lati ba|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al390e/al390e00.pdf|website=Ajọ Ounjẹ ati Agiriki ti Ajọ Iṣọkan Orilẹ-ede|deeti abawọle=1 July 2014|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref name=Fao2008>{{cite book|last1=Food|last2=(FAO)|first2=Igbimọ Agiriki ti Ajọ ṣọkan Agbaye|akọle=Ipo airi-ounjẹ to ni agbaye, 2008 : ọwọn gogo ounjẹ ati airi-ounjẹ jẹ : awọn idunkoko ati anfaani|deeti=2008|publisher=Ajọ Ounjẹ ati Agiriki ti Ajọ Iṣọkan Orilẹ-ede Agbaye (FAO)|lbi=Rome|isbn=978-92-5-106049-0|page=2|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm|quote=FAO’s ṣe akojọ iye awọn ebi npa laipẹ [nipato, aijẹ ounjẹ toyẹ] awọn eniyan bi 923 miliọnu ni 2007, eyi ti o ju 80 miliọnu lati 1990-92 ti a wo.}}</ref> Awọn eniyan biliọnu ti a ka miiran ti koni fitamin ati eroja ounjẹ toyẹ.<ref name=UK2012>{{cite web|title=An update of ‘The Neglected Crisis of Undernutrition: Evidence for Action’|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67319/undernutrition-finalevidence-oct12.pdf|website=www.gov.uk|publisher=Ẹka Idagba Agbaye|deeti abawọle=5 July 2014|date=Oct 2012}}</ref> Ni 2010 [[aijẹ ounjẹ toyẹ ti agbara puroteni]] ti ṣokunfa awọn iku bii 600,000 de 883,000 awọn iku ni 1990.<ref name=Loz2012/> Awọn aito ounjẹ toyẹ [[aito ayodini]] ati [[arun aito ayodini]], fa iku 84,000 miiran.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal |author=Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. |title=Iku Agbaye ati agbegbe lati 235 ti iku awọn ọjọ ori 20 ni 1990 ati 2010: akọsilẹ ẹrọ fun Ẹkọ Ajaga Arun Agbaye 2010|journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2095–128 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245604 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095}}</ref> Airi ounjẹ toyẹ jẹ ni 2010 n okunfa 1.4% gbogbo [[ailera igbe-aye ti a sun]].<ref name=UK2012/><ref name=Murray2012>{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=CJ|title=Awọn ọdun ailera igbe-aye ti a sun (DALYs) fun 291 awọn arun ati ifarapa ni ẹkun 21, 1990-2010: akọsilẹ ẹrọ fun Ẹkọ Ajaga Arun Agbaye 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2197|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2197–223|pmid=23245608|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4}}</ref> Bi ida mẹta awọn iku laarin awọn ọmọde ni a gbagbọ pe airi ounjẹ jẹ to lofa; sibẹsibẹ, ako sọ awọn iku naa bẹẹ.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Ilera mama, ọmọ titun, ọmọde ati ipẹrẹ|url=http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/malnutrition/en/|website=WHO|deeti abawọle=4 July 2014}}</ref> Ni 2010 a ṣakojọ pe o ṣokunfa bii 1.5 miliọnu awọn iku awọn obinrin ati ọmọde<ref name=Lim2012>{{cite journal |author=Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. |title=Iṣakojọ esi ewu ti ajaga arun ati ifarapa ti o fa 67 awọn ewu ati akojọ ewu ni awọn ẹkun 21, 1990-2010: akọsilẹ ẹrọ fun Ẹkọ Ajaga Arun Agbaye 2010|akọsilẹ=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2224–60 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245609 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8 |url=}}</ref> awọn kan tilẹ sọpe iye naa le ju 3&nbsp;miliọnu.<ref name="Bh2013"/> Ati afikun 165&nbsp;miliọnu awọn ọmọde ni [[aidagba bi-o-tiyẹ]] lara arun naa.<ref name=Bh2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bhutta|first1=ZA|last2=Das|first2=JK|last3=Rizvi|first3=A|last4=Gaffey|first4=MF|last5=Walker|first5=N|last6=Horton|first6=S|last7=Webb|first7=P|last8=Lartey|first8=A|last9=Black|first9=RE|last10=Lancet Nutrition Interventions Review|first10=Group|last11=Iwadi Ounjẹ Mama ati Ọmọ|first11=Ẹgbẹ|akọle=Idasi-idaju ti o dale fun imugboro ounjẹ ti mama ati ọmo?|akọsilẹ=Lancet|deeti=Aug 3, 2013|volume=382|issue=9890|pages=452–77|pmid=23746776|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4}}</ref> Airijẹ to wọpọ ni [[awọn orilẹ-ede ti o n dagba]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Liz Young|akọle=Iṣafihan Ebi Agbaye Routledge si Idagba|deti=2002|isbn=9781134774944|page=20|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=w4CGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20}}</ref> ==Awọn Itọkasi== <references /> bxvjdcdhplvmrxl2xdk8lbyp1qybab6 Ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ A 0 61791 632092 605767 2026-08-19T17:44:19Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ A | Image = Jaundice eye.jpg | Caption = Ìṣẹlẹ̀ ní èyí tí ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ A ńfa ìbà pọ́njú-pọ́njú | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|15||b|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|070.0}}, {{ICD9|070.1}} | DiseasesDB = 5757 | MedlinePlus = 000278 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 991 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|977}} | MeshID = D006506 }} ''' Aarun ẹdọ A''' (tí a mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ sí '''àkóràn ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀''') jẹ́ [[Líle (ìṣegùn)|líle]] [[ààrùn àkóràn]] ti [[ẹ̀dọ̀]] tí kòkòrò àkóràn ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ A fà (HAV).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th | pages = 541–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ iṣẹlẹ̀ ni kòní àwọn ààmì pàápàá ní ara ọmọdé.<ref name=AFP2012/> Àkókò láàrín àkóràn àti àwọn ààmì, lára àwọn tí o ní, jẹ́ láàrín ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì sí mẹ́fà.<ref name="pmid16271543">{{cite journal| author=Connor BA| title=Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler| journal=Am. J. Med.| volume=118 |issue=Suppl 10A| pages=58S–62S| year=2005| pmid=16271543| doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018}}</ref> Bí àwọn ààmì báwà wọn maa ń wà fún ọ̀sẹ̀ mẹ́jọ wọ́n sì lè pẹ̀lú: ìṣu, [[èébì]], ṣíṣunú, [[ìbà pọ́njú-pọ́njú|ẹran ara pípọ́n]], [[ibà]], àti inú dídùn.<ref name=AFP2012/> Láàrin 10-15% àwọn ènìyàn ní ìrirí wíwáyé àwọn ààmì lákókò oṣù mẹ́fà lẹ́hìn àkóràn àkọkọ́.<ref name=AFP2012/> [[Ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ líle]] kò sábà ń wáyé ní èyí tí ó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín àwọn àgbàlagbà.<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Cause --> Ó sábà maa ń ràn nípa jíjẹ tàbí mímu oúnjẹ tàbí omi ẹlẹ́gbin tí ó ní ìgbẹ́ àkóràn.<ref name=AFP2012>{{cite journal|last=Matheny|first=SC|last2=Kingery |first2=JE|title=Hepatitis A.|journal=Am Fam Physician |date=1 December 2012|volume=86|issue=11|pages=1027–34; quiz 1010–2|pmid=23198670 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1201/p1027.html}}</ref> [[Ẹja eléèpo]] tí a kò sè dáadaa jẹ́ orísun tí ó wọ́pọ̀.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bellou | first1 = M. | last2 = Kokkinos | first2 = P. | last3 = Vantarakis | first3 = A. | title = Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review. | journal = Food Environ Virol | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 |date=March 2013 | doi = 10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6 | pmid = 23412719 }}</ref> Ó tún lè ràn nípa ìfarakàn ẹni tí ó ní àkóràn.<ref name=AFP2012/> Bí àwọn ọmọdé ò ti ní àwọn ààmì àkóràn bẹ́ẹ̀ wọ́n ṣì le Koran ẹlòmíràn.<ref name=AFP2012/> Lẹ́hìn àkóràn àkọkọ́ ènìyàn kòle ní àkóràn mọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ ayé rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases|year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9780816069903|page=105|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HfPU99jIfboC&pg=PA105}}</ref> Ìmọ̀ àisàn nílò àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ bíi àwọn ààmì rẹ̀ ṣe farajọ àwọn ti ààrùn míìrán.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn máàrún tí a mọ̀ [[ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀]] àwọn àkóràn: A, [[ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ B|B]], [[ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ C|C]], [[ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ D|D]], àti [[ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ E|E]]. <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> [[òògùn ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ A]] dára fún ìdẹ́kun.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=Irv2012>{{Cite journal | last1 = Irving | first1 = GJ. | last2 = Holden | first2 = J. | last3 = Yang | first3 = R. | last4 = Pope | first4 = D. | title = Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A. | journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = CD009051 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2 | pmid = 22786522 }}</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè kan fọwọ́si níwọ̀nba fún àwọn ọmọdé àti fún àwọn tí ó wà léwu gidi tí akòití fún ní oogùn rẹ.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=WHO2013/> Ó hàn pé ó dára fún ẹ̀mí.<ref name=AFP2012/> Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìdẹ́kun míìrán ni [[ọwọ́ fífọ̀]] àti síse oúnjẹ dáradára.<ref name=AFP2012/> Kòsí ìtọjú kan pàtó, pẹ̀lú ìsinmi àti àwọn oogùn fún [[ìṣu]] tàbí [[ṣíṣunú]] ni a fọwọsí bí o ti yẹ lóòrekoorè.<ref name=AFP2012/> Àwọn àkóràn sábà maa ńlọ pátápátá láìsi àrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ rárá.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ìtọjú fún àrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ líle, bí ó bá wáyé, ni pẹ̀lú [[Ìrọ́pò ẹ̀dọ̀]].<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Epidemiology --> Lágbayé láàrín 1.5 mílíónù àwọn ìṣẹlẹ̀ ààmì maa ń wáyé lọdọọdún<ref name=AFP2012/> èyí tí o ṣèéṣe àwọn àkóràn mílíónù ọ̀nà mẹ́wà ní gbogbo.<ref name=Was2006>{{cite journal|last=Wasley|first=A|author2=Fiore, A |author3=Bell, BP |title=Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination.|journal=Epidemiol Rev |year=2006|volume=28|pages=101–11|pmid=16775039 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxj012 |url=http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/101.long}}</ref> Ó wọ́pọ̀ l’áwọn apa ẹkùn kan lágbayé tí wọn kìí tíṣe ìmọtótó dáradára àti tí kòsí omi tó.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Ní àwọn [[orílẹ̀ èdè tí ó ṣẹ̀ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ń gbèrú]] ìdá 90% àwọn ọmọdé ni o tiní àkóràn ní ọmọ ọdún 10 wọn kòsì le ni mọ́ ní àgbà.<ref name=WHO2013/> O máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ níwọ̀nba ní àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè tí o ti gbèrú níbi tí àwọn ọmọdé kòní àkóràn ní kékeré tí kòsí sí ìwọ́pọ̀ ìfún lóògùn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ní 2010, àrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ líle A fa ikú 102,000.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> [[Àyajọ́ ọdún ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ àgbayé]] ó maa ń wáyé lọ́dọọdún ní July 28 láti mú kí àwọn ènìyàn mọ́ọ̀ [[ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀ líle]].<ref name=WHO2013/> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasi== <references /> qs2d9abjq3rgmmiaami35xjy9b98q19 Akọ ibà 0 61797 632159 585593 2026-08-19T19:02:58Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Akọ ibà | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|50||b|50}}-{{ICD10|B|54||b|54}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|084}} | Image = Malaria.jpg | Caption = ''Kòkòrò aṣòkùnfà'' láti inú itọ́ òbí ẹ̀fọn tí o ń rìn kiri láyiká ẹ̀fọn | DiseasesDB = 7728 | MedlinePlus = 000621 | OMIM = 248310 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1385 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|305}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1357}} | MeshName = Ibà | MeshNumber = C03.752.250.552 }} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Akọ ibà''' jẹ [[aarun ti ẹfọn nfa|aarun àkoràn lati ara ẹ̀fọn]] tí àwọn ènìyàn àti àwọn ẹranko míìràn tí kòkòrò ńfà [[protozoans]] (irúfẹ́ oní sẹ́ẹ̀lì kan [[kòkòrò kékèèké]]) ti irúfẹ́ ''[[kòkòrò àṣòkunfà]]''.<ref name=WHO2014/> Akọ ibà maa ń fa àwọn ààmì èyí tí ó wà lára [[akọ ibà]], [[àárẹ̀|ìgara]], [[bíbì]] àti [[ẹ̀fọ́rí]].<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Ní àwọn ìpò líle ó lè fa [[ìbà pọ́njú-pọ́njú|ara pípọ́n]], [[ìmú lójìjì]], [[dákú]] tàbí [[ikú]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Àwọn ààmì wọ̀nyíi maa ń sábà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ mẹ́wà tàbí mẹ́ẹdógún lẹ́hìn ìgéjẹ.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ní àwọn tí a kò tọ́jú dáradára ààrùn tún lè jẹyọ ní àwọn oṣù mélòó bóyá.<ref name=WHO2014/> Lára àwọn tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bọ́ lọ́wọ́ àkóràn, àtún-kóràn maa ń mú àwọn ààmì tí kò le jáde.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Ti díẹ̀ [[ànfàní|ìkọ́jùjàsí]] pòorá ní àwọn oṣù sí ọdún bí kò básí pé ibà kọluni.<ref name=EBMED2014/> <!--Cause and diagnosis--> Níwọ́pọ̀, ààrùn yii maa ń múni nípa ìgéjẹ lọ́wọ́ aabo ẹ̀fọn tí ó ní àkóràn ''[[Anọfẹ́lísì]]''.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ìgéjẹ yii maa ń mú àwọn kòkòrò àkóràn láti itọ́ ẹ̀fọn sínu [[ibi ìgbẹ́jẹ̀ kiri ara|ẹ̀jẹ̀]]ènìyàn.<ref name=WHO2014/> Kòkòrò àkóràn yíì yóò rìn kiri lọ inú ẹ̀dọ̀ níbi tí wọn a ti dàgbà láti pọ̀si.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/>--> Ẹ̀yà máàrùn ''Kòkòrò àṣòkunfà'' lè ranni kí ènìyàn tán kiri.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Ọ̀pọ̀ ikú ni o ń wáyé nípa ''[[Kòkòrò àṣòkunfà falciparum|P.&nbsp;falciparum]]'' pẹ̀lú ''[[Plasmodium vivax|P.&nbsp;vivax]]'', ''[[Plasmodium ovale|P.&nbsp;ovale]]'', àti ''[[Plasmodium malariae|P.&nbsp;malariae]]'' maa ń sábà fa ibà tí kò lera.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> Àwọn ẹ̀yà ''[[kòkòrò àṣòkunfà knowlesi|P.&nbsp;knowlesi]]'' kìí sábà fa ààrùn lára àwọn ènìyàn.<ref name=WHO2014/> A sábà maa ń ṣàwarí ibà nípa àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ nípa lílo ohun elò awo kòkòrò [[fíìmù ẹ̀jẹ̀]], tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdálórí [[ántígínì]]- [[Àwọn àyẹ̀wò ìṣawarí ántígínì ẹ̀fọn|àyẹ̀wò ìṣawarí kíákíá]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Àwọn ìlànà lílo [[polymerase ìtàgìjí àṣokunfà]] láti ṣàwarí kòkòrò náà [[DNA]] ti di àgbékalẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n a kí sábà lò ní àwọn agbègbè tí ibà ti [[Endemic (epidemiology)|wọ́pọ̀]] nítorí ọ̀wọ́n àti ipá gbòòrò líle wọn.<ref name="Nadjm 2012">{{Cite journal |author=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |title=Malaria: An update for physicians |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_infectious-disease-clinics-of-north-america_2012-06_26_2/page/243 |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–59 |pmid=22632637 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010}}</ref> <!--Prevention and treatment--> Ìjàmbá tí ààrùn ni a lè dínkù nípa dídẹ̀kun ìgéjẹ ẹ̀fọn nípa lílo [[àwọ̀n apẹ̀fọn]] àti [[òògùn alé kòkòrò]], tàbí ìlànà ìṣàkóso ẹ̀fọn bíi ìfúnka [[òògùn kòkòrò]] àti ìlànà fún adágún omi.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn oogùn ni ó wà [[ìdẹ́kun ibà|ìdẹ́kun ibà]] lára àwọn arinrin-àjò sí ibi tí ààrùn wọ́pọ̀.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Lílo oogùn lẹ́kọ́ọ̀kan [[sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine]] ni a gbà nímọ̀ràn [[ọmọwọ́]] ati ṣaaju [[ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù mẹ́ta oyún]] ti [[oyún]] ní àwọn àgbègbè tí ìbà wọ́pọ̀ sí.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/>--> Bí ìlò bá tìlẹ̀ wà, kòsí ojúlówó [[òògùn]], bí-o-tìlẹ̀-jẹ́pé èròngbà wà àti ṣe ọ̀kan ńlọ lọ́wọ́.<ref name=WHO2014/> ìgbàníyànjú ìtọjú ibà ni apàpọ̀ [[òògùn aṣòdì sí ibà]] tí ó ní [[artemisinin]].<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> òògùn ìkejì léjẹ̀ bóyá [[mefloquine]], [[lumefantrine]], tàbí sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|date=2010|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241547925|page=ix|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> [[Quinine]] pẹ̀lú [[doxycycline]] alèló bí kòbásí artemisinin.<ref name=WHO2010/> A gbàníyànjú pé ní agbègbè tí ààrùn náà ti wọ́pọ̀, a gbọ́dọ̀ ṣàwarí ibà kí a tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtọjú nítorí ìpọsi [[ìlòdìsí òògùn]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ìlòdìsi ti gboorò sí ọ̀pọ̀ oogùn aṣòdìsí ibà; fún àpẹẹrẹ, -aṣodisi [[chloroquine]]''P.&nbsp;falciparum'' titàn káákìri agbègbè ibà, àti aṣòdìsí artemisinin ti di ìṣòro ní àwọn apá ibìkan ní Gúúsù-ilà-oorùn Aṣia.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!--Epidemiology--> Ààrùn náà titàn kiri ní [[agbègbè orùn|agbègbè orùn]] àti [[agbègbè orùn díẹ̀]] àwọn ẹkùn tí ó wà ní àyiká ti [[arín ilà aayé]].<ref name=EBMED2014>{{cite journal|last=Caraballo|first=Hector|title=Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus|journal=Emergency Medicine Practice|date=May 2014|volume=16|issue=5|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀ ti [[Gúúsù Áfíríkà]], [[Asia]], àti [[Latin Amẹ́ríkà]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[Àjọ Ìlera Àgbayé]] lápapọ̀ pé ní 2012, àwọn ìṣẹlẹ̀ 207 mílíónù ibà ni ó wáyé.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ní ọdún yì, ààrùn yí ti pa ó kééré láàrin 473,000 àti 789,000 ènìyàn, ọ̀pọ̀ tí ó jẹ́ àwọn ọmọdé ní Áfíríkà.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=28 August 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> Ìbà ń wáyé níbití oṣì wà ó sì ní ipa odì lórí [[ìdàgbà ọ̀rọ̀ ajé]].<ref name="IftSoL">{{Cite report |author=Gollin D, Zimmermann C |title=Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences |date=August 2007 |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of Labor]] |url=http://ftp.iza.org/dp2997.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="Worrall 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K |title=Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tropical-medicine-and-international-health_2005-10_10_10/page/1047 |journal=Tropical Health and Medicine |year=2005 |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1047–59 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x |pmid=16185240}} {{open access}}</ref> Ní Áfíríkà a ti wò lápapọ̀ pé ó fa ìpàdánù $12 bílíọ́nù owó Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún kan èyí tí ó wáyé lára ìgbówó lórí ìtọjú-ìlera, àínífẹ̀ sí iṣẹ́ ṣíṣe àti ìpalára arìn-ajò.<ref name="Greenwood 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA |title=Malaria |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-23-29-2005_365_9469/page/1487 |journal=Lancet |year=2005|volume=365 |issue=9469 |pages=1487–98 |pmid=15850634 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3}}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== <references /> 4zbmekpjhagooqkfgjh0mykbn6r4h11 Echinococcosis 0 61798 632114 605768 2026-08-19T18:09:39Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease| Name = Echinococcosis | Image = Echinococcus Life Cycle.svg | Caption = ''Echinococcus'' life cycle (click to enlarge) | Field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|67||b|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|122.4}}, {{ICD9|122}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 4048 | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 629 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|med|1046}} | MeshID = D004443 | }} '''Echinococcosis''', tí a tún npè ní '''àìsàn hydatid''', '''hydatidosis''', tàbí '''àìsàn echinococcal''', jẹ́ [[àrùn kòkòrò ajọ̀fẹ́]] ti [[àràn mùjẹ̀mùjẹ̀ pẹlẹbẹ]] tó jẹ́ ti orìṣi ''[[Echinococcus]]''.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Àwọn ènìyàn a má ní orìṣi méjì irú àrùn yìí, echinococcosis tó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú àpò tí omi gbè sí àti [[echinococcosis tó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú ihò nínú ara]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Àwọn oríṣi méjì mìíràn tí kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ wọ́pọ̀ ni echinococcosis alápò omi púpọ̀ àti echinococcosis alápò omi kanṣoṣo.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Àrùn náà a má a sábà bẹ̀rẹ̀ láìsí àmì àrùn kankan, èyí sì lè rí bẹ́ẹ̀ fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Irú àwọn àmì àrùn tó má a nfarahàn dá lórí ipò àti títóbi àpò omi náà.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Àrùn tó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú ihò nínú ara náà a má a bẹ̀rẹ̀ nínú ẹ̀dọ̀ ṣùgbọ́n ó lè tàn dé àwọn ẹ̀yà ara mìíràn bíi ẹ̀dọ̀fóró tàbí ọpọlọ.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Bí ó bá ti kan ẹ̀dọ̀, ènìyàn náà lè má a ní [[inú rírun]], ara jíjò wálẹ̀, àti àyípadà àwọ̀ [[jaundice|yellow]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Àrùn ẹ̀dọ̀fóró lè ṣe òkùnfà àyà dídùn, [[àìlèmíkanlẹ̀]] àti ikọ́.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Echinococcosis  Fact sheet N°377|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs377/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=19 March 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> == Òkùnfa == Àrùn náà a má a tàn káàkiri nígbàtí ènìyàn bá jẹ oúnjẹ tàbí mu omi tó ní [[ẹyin]] kòkòrò ajọ̀fẹ́ nínú, tàbí nípasẹ̀ fífarakan ẹranko tó ti ní àrùn náà.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ẹyin náà a má a jáde síta pẹ̀lú ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ àwọn ẹranko tó njẹ ẹran, tí kòkòrò ajọ̀fẹ́ náà ti kó àrùn bá.<ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Echinococcosis [Echinococcus granulosus] [Echinococcus multilocularis] [Echinococcus oligarthrus] [Echinococcus vogeli]|url=http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/echinococcosis/index.html|work=CDC|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=November 29, 2013}}</ref> Àwọn ẹranko tó má a nsábà ní àrùn náà ni: ajá, kọ̀lọ̀kọ̀lọ̀ àti ìkokò.<ref name=CDC2013/> Fún àwọn ẹranko wọ̀nyí láti ní àrùn náà, wọ́n gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ [[àwọn ẹ̀yà ara]] ẹranko tó ní àpò omi náà nínú, gẹ́gẹ́ bíi àgùtàn tàbí àwọn oríṣiríṣi èkúté.<ref name=CDC2013/> Oríṣi àrùn náà tó má a nwáyé lára ènìyàn dá lè irú ''Echinococcus'' tó fa àkóràn àrùn náà.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ìwádìí àrùn a má a sábà jẹ́ nípasẹ̀ [[lílo ìró ohùn láti yàwòrán, èyítí à npè ní ultrasound]] bí ó tilẹ jẹ́ pé a tún lè lo [[fífi ẹ̀rọ kọmputa ya àwòrán onígun mẹta àwọn àgbékalẹ̀ ètò inú ara ènìyàn, tí à npè ní computer tomography]] (CT) tàbí [[lílo iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ òòfà irin láti fi yàwòrán àwọn àgbékalẹ̀ ètò inú ara tí à npè ní magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ tí nwá [[àwọn àkóónú inú ẹ̀jẹ̀ tí ngbógun ti kòkòrò àrùn, tí à npè ní antibodies]] tí nkojú kòkòrò ajọ̀fẹ́ náà lè ṣe ìrànwọ́, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni [[àyẹ̀wò ẹran ara tí a gé kúrò láti ara ènìyàn láti lè mọ orísun àti òkùnfà àrùn, tí à npè ní biopsy]] pàápàá.<ref name=WHO2014/> ==Ìdènà àrùn àti Ìtọ́jú ==  Ìdènà àrùn tó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú àpò omi nínú ara jẹ́ nípasẹ̀ ìtọ́jú àwọn ajá tó lè ti ní àrùn náà lára àti nípasẹ̀ fífún àwọn àgùtàn ní abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ìtọ́jú a má a ṣòro nígbà púpọ̀.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Àpò omi nínú ara náà ni a lè fà jáde láti awọ ara, lílo òògùn sì gbọ́dọ̀ tẹ̀lé èyí.<ref name=WHO2014/> Nígbà mìíràn, a kàn má a nwo irú àrùn báyìí ni.<ref name=CDCTx2013>{{cite web|title=Echinococcosis Treatment Information|url=http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/echinococcosis/tx.html|work=CDC|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=November 29, 2013}}</ref> Oríṣi tó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú ihò nínú ara a má a sábà nílò iṣẹ́ abẹ, òògùn lílò a sì tẹ̀lé e.<ref name=WHO2014/> Òògùn tí à nlò ni [[albendazole]] èyítí ènìyàn lè nílò fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=CDCTx2013/> Àrùn tó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú ihò nínú ara náà lè fa ikú.<ref name=WHO2014/> == Àtànká àti Ìṣàkóso àtànká àrùn == Àrùn náà a má a wáyé ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè káàkiri àgbáyé, a sì má a ran iye àwọn ènìyàn tó tó mílíọ̀nù kan.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ní Gúsù [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Amẹ́ríkà]], Afrika àti Eṣíà, iye àwọn ènìyàn tó tó mẹwa nínú ọgọrun (10%) nínú gbogbo akójọpọ̀ ènìyàn tó wà ní agbègbè náà ni àrùn náà má a nràn.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ní ọdún 2010 ó ṣe òkùnfà ikú ènìyàn tó tó 1200, èyítí ó wálẹ̀ láti 2000 ní ọdún 1990.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Iye ìwọ̀n owó tí àrùn náà ngbà ni a ṣírò sí bíi bílíọ̀nù 3 USD lọ́dún.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ó lè ran àwọn ẹranko mìíràn bíi ẹlẹ́dẹ̀, mààlúù àti ẹṣin.<ref name=WHO2014/> ==Ìtọ́kasí== <references /> e8em7f44j13f7lgmpp6h31r85etzuz5 Àtọ̀sí ajá 0 61848 632010 610614 2026-08-19T15:10:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Àtọ̀sí ajá | Image = Schistosomiasis_itch.jpeg | Caption = Awọn alefọ àwọ̀ lori ọwọ́, ti wiwọle si inu ara kokoro àrùn ''Ṣistosoma'' nfa. | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|65||b|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|120}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001321 | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D012552 }} '''Àtọ̀sí ajá''' (ti a tun mọ si '''bilhasia''', '''ibà igbín''', ati '''Ibà katayama''')<ref name=NHS2011>{{cite web|title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia)|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx|work=NHS Choices|accessdate=15 March 2014|date=Dec 17, 2011|archive-date=15 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Schistosomiasis|url=http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/schistosomiasis-pro|website=Patient.co.uk|accessdate=11 June 2014|date=12/02/2013|archive-date=23 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523134756/http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/schistosomiasis-pro|dead-url=yes}}</ref> jẹ àrùn ti [[awọn aràn ti o nfa ijamba fun ara]] ti irú''[[Ṣistosoma]]''.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> O le yọ [[ọpa ti o ngbe ìtọ̀]] tabi [[awọn ifun]]lẹnu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Awọn ààmì idamọ aisan le ni ninu inu ti o dun ni, [[igbẹ-ọrin]], igbẹ ti o ni ẹ̀jẹ̀ ninu, tabi ẹ̀jẹ̀ ninu [[ìtọ̀]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Fun awọn ti wọn ti ni ikọlu fun igba pipẹ, ẹdọ le bajẹ, kidirin le d’aṣẹ silẹ, [[ailebimọ]], tabi [[jẹjẹrẹ apo-ìtọ̀]] le waye.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ninu awọn ọmọde o le fa ifasẹyin fun idagbasoke ati iṣoro ẹkọ kikọ.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=15 March 2014|date=February 2014}}</ref> == Okunfa == Àrùn yìí maa ntan nipa nini ifarakan omi ti o ni awọn kokoro ti o nfa àrùn ninu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Awọn kokoro ti o nfa àrùn ni a maa jọwọ lati [[ìgbín omi]] ti o ti ni ikọlu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Àrùn yìí wọpọ laarin awọn ọmọde ni awọn orilẹ-ede ti o ṣẹṣẹ ndagbasoke nitori ti o ṣee ṣe lati ṣere ninu omi ti o ti ni àrùn.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Awọn ẹgbẹ miiran ti o wa ninu ewu ti o ga ni awọn agbẹ, awọn apẹja, ati awọn ti o nlo omi ti o ti ni àrùn fun iṣẹ oòjọ́ wọn.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ohun wa ninu ẹgbẹ [[helminthiasis|awọn ikọlu aràn]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=30 November 2014|date=August 1, 2013}}</ref> Ayẹwo nwaye nipa riri awọn ẹyin kokoro àrùn naa ninu itọ eniyan tabi ninu igbẹ.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> A tun le jẹrisii nipa rírí [[antibodies]] lodi si àrùn naa ninu ẹ̀jẹ̀.<ref name=WHO2014/> ==Didena ati Abojuto == Awọn ọna lati dena àrùn naa ni ninu mimu gberu nini aaye si omi ti o mọ́ ati di din iye awọn ìgbín ku.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ni awọn agbegbe ti àrùn naa ti wọpọ a le ṣe itọju gbogbo ẹgbẹ papọ lẹẹkan naa ati l’ọdọọdun fun àrùn naa pẹlu ogun [[praziquantel]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> A nṣe eyi lati din iye awọn eniyan ti o ni ikọlu ku ati pe nipa bẹẹ ki a din titan kiri àrùn naa ku.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Praziquantel tun jẹ itọju ti [[Ajọ Ilera Lagbaye (World Health Organization)]] gba n’imọran fun awọn ti a mọ wipe wọn ti ni ikọlu.<ref name=WHO2014/> ==Imọ nipa titan kiri àrùn == Àtọ̀sí ajá nyọ o to miliọnu eniyan mẹwa le ni igba (210)lẹnu ni gbogbo agbaye,<ref name=Fen2012>{{cite journal|last=Fenwick|first=A|title=The global burden of neglected tropical diseases.|journal=Public health|date=Mar 2012|volume=126|issue=3|pages=233–6|pmid=22325616|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.015}}</ref> ati iye eniyan bíi ẹgbẹrun mejila (12,000)<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0|last2=Naghavi|first2=M|last3=Foreman|first3=K|last4=Lim|first4=S|last5=Shibuya|first5=K|last6=Aboyans|first6=V|last7=Abraham|first7=J|last8=Adair|first8=T|last9=Aggarwal|first9=R |displayauthors=8 }}</ref> si ẹgbẹrunlọgọrunmeji (200,000) ni o nku nipasẹ rẹ l’ọdun.<ref name=The2013>{{cite journal|last=Thétiot-Laurent|first=SA|author2=Boissier, J |author3=Robert, A |author4= Meunier, B |title=Schistosomiasis Chemotherapy|journal=Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)|date=Jun 27, 2013|pmid=23813602|volume=52|issue=31|pages=7936–56|doi=10.1002/anie.201208390}}</ref> Àrùn yìí wọpọ julọ ni [[Afrika]], ati pẹlu ni [[Aṣia]] ati [[Gusu Amẹrika]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Bíi miliọnu ẹ̀ẹ́dẹ̀gbẹ̀rin (700) eniyan, ni awọn orilẹ-ede ti o le ni aadọrin (70), ni o ngbe ni awọn agbegbe ti àrùn naa ti wọpọ.<ref name=The2013/><ref>{{cite web|title=Schistosomiasis A major public health problem|url=http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=15 March 2014}}</ref> Àtọ̀sí ajá jẹ igbakeji si [[àrùn ibà]]nikan, gẹgẹ bíi àrùn ti kokoro nfa ti o ni ipá ti o ga julọ.<ref name="SCP">{{Cite web| author= The Carter Center| title= Schistosomiasis Control Program| url= http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html| accessdate= 2008-07-17| archive-date= 2008-07-20| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091015/http://cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html| dead-url= yes}}</ref> Lati igba lailai tí tí di ibẹrẹ ọdun ti ọgọrun ti ogun (20th century), ààmì idamọ àtọ̀sí ajá ti [[haematuria|ẹjẹ ninu ìtọ̀]] ni a ri bíi [[nnkan oṣu ti ọkunrin|ẹya nnkan oṣu ti ọkunrin]] ni [[Egipiti]] ti a si rii bíi [[nnkan ti a nlati lakọja]] fun ọdọmọkunrin.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kloos|first=Helmut|author2=Rosalie David |year=2002|journal=Human Ecology Review|volume=9|issue=1|url=http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her91/91kloosdavid.pdf |title=The Paleoepidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Ancient Egypt |pages=14–25 |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Rutherford|first=Patricia|year=2000|title=The Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis in Modern and Ancient Tissues by Means of Immunocytochemistry|journal=Chungara, Revista de Antropología Chilena|volume=32|issue=1|issn=0717-7356 |url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-73562000000100021&script=sci_arttext}}</ref> a kaa si [[àrùn awọn ile-olóoru ti a ko kàsí]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=28 November 2014|date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> ==Awọn itọkasi== <references /> itvky4c7ip0gv92c7a7ei6aza9vt2ww Ìbà pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀ 0 61972 632038 504652 2026-08-19T16:09:35Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Yellow fever | Image = YellowFeverVirus.jpg | Caption = A [[Transmission electron microscope|TEM]] [[micrograph]] of the yellow fever virus (234,000X magnification) | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|95||a|90}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|060}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 14203 | MedlinePlus = 001365 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 2432 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|645}} | MeshID = D015004 }} '''Ìbà pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀''', tí a mọ̀ láti ìṣẹ̀wá sí '''yẹ́lò jaki''' tàbí '''àjálù pupa''',<ref name=Old2009/> jẹ líle Àkóràn àrùn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìṣẹlẹ̀, lára aamì ni [[ibà]], [[òtútù]], [[Anorexia (aamì) |àìle jẹun]], [[èébì]], iṣan dídùn pàápáà ní ẹhìn, àti orí fífọ́.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àwọn aamì sábà maa ń jẹyọ láàrín ọjọ́ márùn ùn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àwọn ènìyàn kan láàrín ọjọ́ kan tí ara wọṅ ti ń dá, ìbà náà padà wá, inú dídùn maa ń wáyé, àti ẹ̀dọ̀ bíbàjẹ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ èyí to ń fa [[ibà pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀|àwọ̀ ara pípọ́n]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Bí èyí bá wáyé, ewu ṣíṣẹ̀jẹ̀ àti [[ìkunà kídìnrín|àwọn ìṣoro kídìnrín]] maa ń pọ̀si.<ref name=WHO2013/> ==Òkunfà àti ìwádìí aisàn== Àkóràn arùn pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀ ni okùnfà arùn náà èyí tí gígéjẹ abo [[ẹfọn]] ń tànká.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ènìyàn nìkan ni o ńkó àrùn yíì, àwọn [[pírámétì]] míìràn, àti ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ya ẹ̀fọn míìràn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ní àwọn ìlú, àwọn ẹ̀fọ́n ẹ̀yà ''[[Aedesaegypti]]'' ni ó sábà maa ń tàn káàkiri.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àkóràn yíì ni [[Kokoro RNA]] ti gẹ́nùsì ''[[Flavivirus]]''.<ref name="lindenbach2007"/> Àrùn náà le ṣòro láti sọ yatọ̀ sí àwọn aisàn míìràn, pà́apáà nígbà ìpinlẹ̀ àkọkọ́ bẹ́rẹ̀.<ref name=WHO2013/> Láti jẹ́rì ipò afurasí, àyẹwò ìdánwò ẹ̀jẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[polymerase chain reaction]] ní a nílò.<ref name=Toll2009>{{cite journal | author = Tolle MA | title = Mosquito-borne diseases | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_current-problems-in-pediatric-and-adolescent-health-care_2009-04_39_4/page/97 | journal = CurrProblPediatrAdolesc Health Care | volume = 39 | issue = 4 | pages = 97–140 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19327647 | doi = 10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.01.001 }}</ref> ==Ìdẹ́kun àti Ìtọjú àti Ìsọtẹ́lẹ̀== Ìdábòbò àti ìmọ̀ọ́ṣe [[àjẹsára]] lódì sí àrùn pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀ wà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan sì nílò àwọn àjẹsára fún àwọn arinrìn-ajò.<ref name=WHO2013/> Àwọn ìgbìyànjú míìràn láti dẹ́kun àkóràn ni láti dín pípọ̀si àwọn ẹ̀fọn aṣòkunfà kù.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ní àwọn àgbegbè tí ibà pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀ wọ́pọ̀si ti àjẹsára ó sì wọ́pọ̀, ìwádìí kíákíá tí àwọn ìṣẹlẹ̀ àti abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára tí ọ̀pọ̀ lára àwọn ará ìlú ni ó ṣe pàtàkì láti dẹ́kun àjàkálẹ̀ arùn.<ref name=WHO2013/> Nígbà tí ó bá tiní àkóràn, ìṣàkóso jẹ́ ti aláámì láìsi ìwọ̀n tí ó jáfáfá Kankan lòdì sí àkóràn náà.<ref name=WHO2013/> Lára àwọn tí ó ní àrùn líle, ikú maa ń wáyé lára àwọn ìdajì ènìyàn tí kògba ìtọjú.<ref name=WHO2013/> ==Ìmọ̀ nípa àrùn àti ìtàn == Àrùn pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀ ń ṣòkunfà àkoràn 200,000 àti ikú 30,000 lọ́dọọdún,<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Yellow fever Fact sheet N°100|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=May 2013}}</ref> pẹ̀lú bíi ìdá 90% ìṣẹlẹ̀ ní Áfíríkà.<ref name=Toll2009/> Bíi bílíọ́nù ènìyàn ni o ń gbé ní agbègbè àgbayé níbi tí àrùn náà ti wọ́pọ̀.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ó wọ́pọ̀ ní [[Ibi oorùn|ibi oorùn]] àwọn agbègbè [[Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà]] àti [[Áfíríkà]], ṣùgbọ́n kìíṣe ní [[Áṣíà]].<ref name=CDC2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/|title=CDC Yellow Fever||accessdate=2012-12-12}}</ref><ref name=WHO2013/> Láti ọdún àwọn 1980, àwọn nọ́ńbà ìṣẹlẹ̀ àrùn pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀ ń pọ̀si.<ref name=Barr2007>{{cite journal | author = Barrett AD, Higgs S | title = Yellow fever: a disease that has yet to be conquered | journal = Annu. Rev. Entomol. | volume = 52 | pages = 209–29 | year = 2007 | pmid = 16913829 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091454 }}</ref><ref name=WHO2013/> Èyí ń wáyé nítorí àwọn ènìyàn díẹ̀ tí wọ́n ń fún ní àjẹsára, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn tí o ń gbé ní ìlú, àwọn ènìyàn tí o ńlọ káakiŕi, àti [[àyípadà afẹ́fẹ́|ìyípadà afẹ́fẹ́]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Àrùn yíì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Áfíríkà, níbi tí o ti tàn dé Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà nípasẹ̀ [[òwò ẹrú]] ní 17 century.<ref name=Old2009>{{cite book|last=Oldstone|first=Michael|title=Viruses, Plagues, and History: Past, Present and Future|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199758494|pages=102–4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2XbHXUVY65gC&pg=PA103}}</ref> Láti 17 century , ọ̀pọ̀ gbòógì [[Àtokọ àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn|àjàkálẹ̀]] ti àrùn náà wáyé ní àwọn Amẹ́ríkà, Áfíríkà, àti Yúrópù.<ref name=Old2009/> Ní àwọn 18 àti 19 century, ìbà pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀ ni wọ́n rí bíi èyí tí ó léwu jùlọ [[àrùn àkóràn]].<ref name=Old2009/> Kòkòrò ìbà pọ́njú-pọ́ntọ̀ ni kòkòrò ènìyàn àkọkọ́ tí a kọ́kọ́ ṣàwarí.<ref name="lindenbach2007">{{cite book | title=Fields Virology|edition=5th |publisher=Lippincott Williams &Wilkins | author=Lindenbach, B. D., et al. |editor=Knipe, D. M. and P. M. Howley. (eds.) | year=2007 | location=Philadelphia, PA |page=1101 | isbn=0-7817606-0-7 |chapter=Flaviviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication}}</ref> ==Ìtọ́kasí== <references /> 1bz1eiw75hyzr8wlzhjqtlc2owiic9k Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B 0 62032 632028 595069 2026-08-19T15:36:25Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 5 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |Name=Hepatitis B |ICD10={{ICD10|B|16||b|15}},<br />{{ICD10|B|18|0|b|15}}–{{ICD10|B|18|1|b|15}} |ICD9={{ICD9|070.2}}–{{ICD9|070.3}} |Image=Hepatitis-B virions.jpg |Caption=[[Transmission electron microscopy|Electron micrograph]] of [[hepatitis B virus]] |Field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[gastroenterology]] |DiseasesDB=5765 |MedlinePlus=000279 |eMedicineSubj=med |eMedicineTopic=992 |eMedicine_mult={{eMedicine2|ped|978}} |MeshID=D006509 |OMIM=610424 }} '''Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B''' jẹ́ àjẹsára tí a fi ń dáàbò bo ara ẹni lọ́wọ́ àkóràn kòkòrò àìlèfojúrí afàìsàn [[jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B]].<ref name=WHO2009>{{cite journal|title=Hepatitis B vaccines WHO position paper|journal=Weekly epidemiological record|date=2 Oct 2009|volume=40|issue=84|pages=405–420|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2009/wer8440.pdf}}</ref> Ọmọ tuntun a maa gba àkọ́kọ́ abẹ́rẹ́ Àjẹsára yíi láàrín wákàtí mẹ́rìndínlógún tí wọ́n bíi àti abẹ́rẹ́ yíi méjì tàbí méta lẹ́yìn ìgbà náà.<!-- <ref name=WHO2009/> --> Èyí pẹ̀lú àwon tí ara wọn kò ní anfààní púpọ̀ lati dojú kọ àrùn, bi àwon tí ó ní àrùn kògbóògùn HIV/AIDS tàbi àwon tí wọ́n bí lọ́jọ́ àìpé.<!-- <ref name=WHO2009/> --> Lílo Àjẹsára yíi déédéé máa n dáàbò bo èèyàn márùndínlọ́gọ́rú nínú ọgọ́rún èèyàn tí kò ní àrùn.<ref name=WHO2009/> Ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ lati ríi dájú wípé Àjẹsára yíi ṣiṣẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí ó ṣe kókó fún àwon tí ó ní anfààní jùlọ lati ní àrùn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B. Àfikún abẹ́rẹ́ Àjẹsára yíi lè wúlò fún àwon tí ara wọn kò ní anfààní púpọ̀ lati dojú kọ àrùn ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ èniyàn. Àwon tí ó ti kó àrùn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B ṣùgbọ́n tí wọn kò gba abẹ́rẹ́ Àjẹsára yíi gbúdọ̀ gbàá pẹ̀lú àjẹsára tí àwon òyìnbó ń pè ní "hepatitis B immune globulin". Inú iṣan ni wọ́n máa ń gba abẹ́rẹ́ Àjẹsára yíi tí á fi dè inú ara.<ref name=WHO2009/> Ewu nípa lílo Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B ò wọ́pọ̀. Ìrora lè wáyé níbi tí a gba abẹ́rẹ́ sí. lílo Àjẹsára yíi kò léwu nígbà oyún àti nìgba fífún ọmọ lọ́yàn. Kò ní ìbáṣepọ̀ tí ó dájú pẹ̀lú Guilain-Barre syndrome. Wọ́n pèlo Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B tí ó wà bayí nípa ọ̀nà tàbí ọgbọ́n recombinant DNA. Wọ́n dáwà tàbí pẹ̀lú àwon Àjẹsára míràn.<ref name=WHO2009/> Wọ́n fọwọ́sí Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ [[United States]] ní odún 1981.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moticka|first1=Edward|title=A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology|isbn=9780123983756|page=336|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=2TMwAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA336}}</ref> Èyí tí kò léwu púpọ̀ di títà ní odún 1986.<ref name=WHO2009/> Ó jẹ́ ìkan lára àwon oògún tí [[Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé]] ṣàkójọ ẹ̀ sí oògún tó wúlò jùlọ fún ìlera.<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> Ní bíi 2014, òṣùwọ̀n owó rẹ̀ lójú pálí kúsí US$ 0.58–13.20 fún abẹ́rẹ́ kan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaccine, Hepatitis B|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=HEPBV&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=&desc=Vaccine%2C%20Hepatitis%20B&pack=new&frm=VIAL&rte=INJ&class_code2=19%2E3%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2819%2E3%2E%29Vaccines%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=6 December 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ní ilẹ̀ [[United States|Amẹ́ríkà]], iye owó rẹ̀ kúsí US$50–100.<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=314}}</ref> ==Lílo fún ìlera== [[File:Bimmuge-Hepatitis B Vaccines.jpg|thumb|Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B.]] Ọmọ tuntun tí ìyá tó bá ní àrùn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B bá bí a máa gba abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B pẹ̀lú imunogulobulínì.<ref name="pmid16371945">{{Cite journal | pmid = 16371945 | year = 2005 | last1 = Mast |first1= E. E. | first2 = H. S. | first3 = A. E. | first4 = E. W. | first5 = S. T. | first6 = S. A. | first7 = L. A. | first8 = B. P. | first9 = M. J. | author10 = Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) | title = A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part 1: immunization of infants, children, and adolescents | volume = 54 | issue = RR–16 | pages = 1–31 | journal = MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control| url = http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5416.pdf| format = Free full text | last2 = Margolis | last3 = Fiore | last4 = Brink | last5 = Goldstein | last6 = Wang | last7 = Moyer | last8 = Bell | last9 = Alter}}</ref> Báyí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀ èdè a màa gba abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B fún àwon ọmọ ìkókó lati dènàn àìsàn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B. Ní àwon orílẹ̀ èdè tí ó ní anfààní jùlọ lati ní àrùn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B, gbígba abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára yí fún ọmọ tuntun ti dínkù àrùn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B àti àrùn jẹjẹrẹ inú ẹ̀dọ̀. Wọ́n fi ìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ ní ilẹ̀ [[Taiwan]], níbi tí wọ́n tí ṣètò gbígba abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B kárí gbogbio àgbáyé ní odún 1984 wípé gbígba abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára náà má a ń dín ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àrùn tí wọ́n ń pè ní [[hepatocellular carcinoma]] kù láàárìn àwon ọmọdé.<ref name=Chang_1997>{{Cite journal | first1 = M. -H.| first2 = C. -J. | last1 = Chang| last5 = Wu | first3 = M. -S. | last4 = Hsu| last3 = Lai| last6 = Kong | first4 = H. -M. | last7 = Liang | first5 = T. -C. | last2 = Chen| first6 = M. -S. | last9 = Chen | last8 = Shau| first7 = D. -C.| first8 = W. -Y.| first9 = D. -S. | title = Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Taiwan and the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Children | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_1997-06-26_336_26/page/1855| journal = New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 336 | pages = 1855–1859 | year = 1997 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199706263362602 | pmid = 9197213 | issue = 26}}</ref> Ní ilẹ̀ UK, gbígba abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B wà làra àyẹ̀wò Ìbálòpọ̀ tí wọ́n má a ṣe ń fún àwon ọkùnrin tí ń bá ọkùnrin lòpọ̀ (MSM). Wọ́n ṣe irú ètò yii ní orilẹ̀ ède [[Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/vaccinations/Pages/hepatitis-b-vaccine.aspx|title=Hepatitis B vaccine|work=www.nhs.uk|access-date=2016-05-20|archive-date=2017-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628184633/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/vaccinations/Pages/hepatitis-b-vaccine.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ní ọ̀pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ agbègèbè, gbígba Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B jẹ́ dandan fún àwon òṣìṣẹ́ ìlera àti fún àwon òṣìṣẹ́ ilé àyẹ̀wò fún ìlera.<ref name="isbn0113225288">{{cite book|author=Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation|title=Immunisation Against Infectious Disease 2006 ("The Green Book")|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 12 Immunisation of healthcare and laboratory staff—Hepatitis B|chapterurl=http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthprotection/Immunisation/Greenbook/DH_4097254?IdcService=GET_FILE&dID=115800&Rendition=Web|format=PDF|publisher=Stationery Office|location=Edinburgh|year=2006|pages=468|isbn=0-11-322528-8|oclc=|doi=|access-date=2016-05-20|archivedate=2013-01-07|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthprotection/Immunisation/Greenbook/DH_4097254?IdcService=GET_FILE&dID=115800&Rendition=Web}}</ref> [[Ilé ìṣàkoso àti ìdènàn àrùn]] ti ilẹ̀ [[United States]] gbani ní ìmọ̀ràn pé gbígba abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B ṣe pàtàkì fún àwon tó ní àrùn [[àtọ̀gbe melitus]].<ref name="pmid22189894">{{cite journal| author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Use of hepatitis B vaccination for adults with diabetes mellitus: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | year= 2011 | volume= 60 | issue= 50 | pages= 1709–11 | pmid=22189894 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22189894 }}</ref> ===Ipa=== [[File:US Navy 050602-N-0555B-006 Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Natasha Wooden administers a Hepatitis-B vaccine to a Sailors aboard the Nimitz class aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76).jpg|thumb|Natasha Wooden ń gba abẹ́rẹ́ Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B fún ológún ojú omí ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà.]] Lẹ́yin àkọ́kọ́ gba àjẹsára yìí lẹ́ẹ̀mẹta, àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ lè tẹ̀le láàárìn oṣù kan sí mẹrin fún àrídájú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀, tí wọ́n ń pè ní ìdènàn àìsàn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B lójú pẹpẹ áńtíjẹ́nì, agbóguntàìsàn tí ó ju 100 mIU/ml lọ. Írú ìdáhun báyìí má ń wáyé láàárìn 85 sí 90% èèyàn.<ref name="isbn0113225288"/> Ìdáhun agbóguntàìsàn tí ó wáyé láàárìn 10 sí 100 mIU/ml jẹ́ ìdáhun tí kò péyé. Àwọn èèyàn tí ìdáhun agbóguntàìsàn wọn bá ń ṣíṣe báyìí má ń gba ohun tí ó má fún agbóguntàìsàn yìí lágbára láìsí ìdí fún àyẹ̀wò ẹ́jẹ́.<ref name="isbn0113225288"/> Àwọn èèyàn tí ìdáhun agbóguntàìsàn wọn ò póṣùwọ̀n (tí ìdáhun agbóguntàìsàn wọn bá kéré sí 10 mIU/ml) gbọ́dọ̀ ṣe àyẹ̀wò jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B, wọn á sí gba abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára yìí lẹ́ẹ̀mẹta ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀. Lẹ́yìn abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára ẹ̀ẹ̀kejì, àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ á tẹ̀le láàárìn oṣù kan sí mẹrin fún àrídájú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. Àwọn èèyàn tí ó rí ìyàtọ̀ lẹ́yìn abẹ́rẹ́ àjẹsára ìkejì lè rí ìyàtọ̀ tí wọ́n bá gba àjẹsára yii sára<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1093/clinids/12.6.1035 | pmid = 2148433 | year = 1990 | author1 = King | first2 = E. M. | first3 = S. D. | first4 = M. C. | first5 = J. R. | first6 = M. B. | first7 = S. A. | first8 = F. B. | title = Comparison of the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine administered intradermally and intramuscularly | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 1035–1043 | journal = Reviews of infectious diseases | last2 = Taylor | last3 = Crow | last4 = White | last5 = Todd | last6 = Poe | last7 = Conrad | last8 = Gelder}}</ref> tàbí Àfikún ìdá àjẹsára yii<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 7759824 | year = 1995 | author1 = Levitz | first2 = B. | first3 = H. | title = Immunization with high-dose intradermal recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthcare workers who failed to respond to intramuscular vaccination | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology_1995-02_16_2/page/88 | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 88–91 | journal = Infection control and hospital epidemiology : the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America | last2 = Cooper | last3 = Regan | doi = 10.1086/647062}}</ref> tàbí ìdá meji Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ A àti B.<ref>{{Cite journal| first1 = K. | first2 = B.| first3 = M.| last1 = Cardell| first4 = A.| title = Excellent Response Rate to a Double Dose of the Combined Hepatitis a and B Vaccine in Previous Nonresponders to Hepatitis B Vaccine| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-infectious-diseases_2008-08-01_198_3/page/299 | journal = The Journal of Infectious Diseases| volume = 198| issue = 3| pages = 299–226| year = 2008| pmid = 18544037 | doi = 10.1086/589722| last2 = Åkerlind| last3 = Sällberg| last4 = Frydén}}</ref> Àwọn èèyàn tí ó pàpà rí ìyàtọ̀ lẹ́yìn èyi á gba hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) tí wọ́n bá kó àrùn jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B lọ́jọ́ wájú.<ref name="isbn0113225288"/> Àwon ohun tí ó ń ṣe okùnfà ìdáhun agbóguntàìsàn tí ò póṣùwọ̀n ni tí ọjọ́ orí bá ju ogójì, [[ìsanrajù]], àti sìgá mímu,<ref name="pmid8254852">{{Cite journal| last1 = Roome | first1 = A. J.| last2 = Walsh| year = 1993 | first2 = S.| last3 = Cartter | first3 = M.| last4 = Hadler | first4 = J.| title = Hepatitis B vaccine responsiveness in Connecticut public safety personnel| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_december-22-29-1993_270_24/page/2931 | journal = Journal of the American Medical Association| pmid = 8254852| volume = 270| issue = 24 | pages = 2931–2934| doi =10.1001/jama.270.24.2931 }}</ref> àti ọtí mímu pàápàá bí èèyàn bá ní àrùn ẹ̀dọ̀.<ref name="pmid9316554">{{Cite journal| first1 = A.| title = Efficacy of a High and Accelerated Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Alcoholic Patients a Randomized Clinical Trial| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-medicine_1997-09_103_3/page/n58| last1 = Rosman, Md| journal = The American Journal of Medicine| volume = 103| pages = 217–222| year = 1997 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00132-0| pmid = 9316554| last2 = Basu | first2 = P.| last3 = Galvin | first3 = K.| last4 = Lieber | first4 = C.| issue = 3 }}</ref> Àwon aláìsàn tí adínà àìsàn wọn ò póṣùwọ̀n tàbí tí kíndìrín wọn kò ṣisẹ̀ dáadáa lè ma dáhun si àjẹsára dáadáa, Fífún wọn ní àjẹsára déédéé tàtí àfikún ìdá àjẹsára yii lè ṣe wón láànfàní.<ref name="isbn0113225288"/> Ókéré jù, ìwádí kan fihàn pé iṣẹ́ Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B kò péye fún àwon tí ó ní àrùn kògbóògùn HIV.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Pasricha| first1 = N.| first2 = U.| first3 = Y.| last6 = Sud| last8 = Saikia | first4 = S. | first5 = S.| first6 = A. | first7 = R.| last5 = Arora | first8 = B.| last7 = Minz | first9 = H.| last9 = Singh| journal = BMC Infectious Diseases| volume = 6| pages = 65| year = 2006| last10 = James | doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-6-65| last2 = Datta| last3 = Chawla | first10 = I.| last4 = Singh| last11 = Sehgal| pmid = 16571140 | first11 = S.| title = Immune responses in patients with HIV infection after vaccination with recombinant Hepatitis B virus vaccine| pmc = 1525180 }} Cold or Flu like symptoms can develop after receiving the vaccine, but these are short lived. As with any injection, the muscle can become tender around the injection point for some time afterwards</ref> ===Iye àkókò ìdáàbòbò=== [[File:US Navy 070406-N-5627R-326 Airman Sandra Valdovinos, from Delano, Calif., administers Airman Adam Helton, from Mesa, Ariz., a Hepatitis B vaccine.jpg|thumb| Airman Sandra Valdovinos, lati Delano, Calif. ń gba abẹ́rẹ́ Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B fún Airman Adam Helton, lati Mesa, Ariz..]] Báyìí, ìgbàgbọ́ ti wà pé iye àkókò ìdáàbòbò Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B kò lópin. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, tẹ́lẹ̀ ìgbàgbó wà pé iye àkókò tí Àjẹsára jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B lè ṣe ìdáàbòbò mọ kò ju bí ọdún máàrún sí méje.<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 3660859 | year = 1987 | author1 = Krugman | first2 = M. | title = Hepatitis B vaccine: prospects for duration of immunity | volume = 60 | issue = 4 | pages = 333–339 | pmc = 2590237 | journal = The Yale journal of biology and medicine | last2 = Davidson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| first1 = K. M.| last1 = Petersen | first2 = L. R.| first3 = B. J.| first4 = C.| first5 = M.| first6 = H.| first7 = A. J.| title = Duration of Hepatitis B Immunity in Low Risk Children Receiving Hepatitis B Vaccinations from Birth| journal = The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal| volume = 23| pages = 650–655| year = 2004 | doi = 10.1097/01.inf.0000130952.96259.fd| url = http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/483473| format = Free full text| pmid = 15247604| last2 = Bulkow| last3 = McMahon| last4 = Zanis| last5 = Getty| last6 = Peters| last7 = Parkinson| issue = 7}}</ref> {{clear}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist|32em}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àjẹsára]] s88v3xagggytt6pbninet27az5q1csx List of human evolution fossils 0 62107 632175 614807 2026-08-19T19:40:35Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 6 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Paleontology}} Àwọn tábìlì yíi ṣe àlàyé ránpẹ́ nípa àwọń [[Hominini|hominin]] mímọ̀ tàtijọ́ tí o jẹ mọ́ ìdá ènìyàn, lati ìbèère ìdá homini di ikẹyìn [[Miocene]] (bí ọdún mílíọ́nù mẹ́fà sẹ́yìn). ==Tótikọjá== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! ! Name ! Age ! Species ! Year<br />discovered ! Country ! Discovered by ! Now located at |- | [[File:Homo naledi skeletal specimens.jpg|100px]] | [[Homo naledi|Dinaledi Chamber hominins]] | Undated | ''[[Homo naledi]]'' | 2013 | [[South Africa]] | Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker |[[University of the Witwatersrand]] (South Africa) |- |} ==Late Miocene== ===7 million - 5.3 million years old=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! ! Name ! Age ! Species ! Year<br />discovered ! Country ! Discovered by ! Now located at |- | [[File:Sahelanthropus tchadensis - TM 266-01-060-1.jpg|100px]] | [[Sahelanthropus|TM 266 (Toumai)]] | 7 Ma<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/toumai.html |title=Fossil Hominids: Toumai |publisher=Talkorigins.org |date=2002-07-31 |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref> | ''[[Sahelanthropus|Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]'' | 2001 | [[Chad]] | Alain Beauvilain, Fanone Gongdibe, Mahamat Adoum and Ahounta Djimdoumalbaye | N'Djamena (Chad), BEAC | |- | | [[Orrorin|BAR 1000'00]] | 6 Ma<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History | url = http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/bar-100200 | title = Bar 10200' | accessdate = 2012-07-27}}</ref> |''[[Orrorin|Orrorin tugenensis]]'' | 2000 | [[Kenya]] | [[Martin Pickford]], Kiptalam Cheboi, Dominique Gommery, Pierre Mein, Brigitte Senut, | |- | | ALA-VP 1/20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efossils.org/species/ardipithecus-kadabba|title=Ardipithecus kadabba|publisher=efossils|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=11 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511193524/http://www.efossils.org/species/ardipithecus-kadabba|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | 5.5-5.8 Ma |''[[Ardipithecus#Ardipithecus kadabba|Ardipithecus kadabba]]'' | 1997 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Yohannes Haile-Selassie]] | |} ==[[Pliocene]]== ===5.3 million - 2.58 million years old=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! Image ! Name ! Age ! Species ! Year<br />discovered ! Country ! Discovered by ! Now located at |- | [[File:Ardi.jpg|100px]] | [[Ardipithecus ramidus#Ardi|Ardi]] | 4.4 [[annum|Ma]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8285180.stm | work=BBC News | first=Jonathan | last=Amos | title=Fossil finds extend human story | date=2009-10-01}}</ref> | ''[[Ar. ramidus|Ardipithecus ramidus]]'' | 1994 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Yohannes Haile-Selassie]] | |- |[[File:KNM-LT 329-replica.jpg|100px|KNM-LT 329. Réplica at Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid]] | KNM-LT 329 | 4.2 - 5 [[annum|Ma]]<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Journal of the Geological Society | year = 1999 | volume = 156 | pages = 731–745 | title =Numerical age control for the Miocene-Pliocene succession at Lothagam, a hominoid-bearing sequence in the northern Kenya Rift | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-geological-society_1999-07_156/page/731 | first1 = McDougall | last1 = I. A. N. |first2 = Feibel | last2 = Craig | doi = 10.1144/gsjgs.156.4.0731}}</ref> | ''[[Australopithecus anamensis]]'' | 1967 | [[Kenya]] | Arnold Lewis, Bryan Patterson<ref name=Hill&Ward1988>{{Cite journal |year=1988 |first1=Andrew |last1=Hill |first2=Steven |last2=Ward |title=Origin of the Hominidae: the record of African large hominoid evolution between 14 My and 4 My |journal=Yearbook of Physical Anthropology |volume=31 |issue=59 |pages=49–83 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330310505}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Patterson B, Behrensmeyer AK, Sill WD |title=Geology and fauna of a new Pliocene locality in north-western Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1970-06-06_226_5249/page/918 |journal=Nature |volume=226 |issue=5249 |pages=918–21 |date=June 1970 |pmid=16057594 |doi=10.1038/226918a0}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sati.archaeology.nsc.ru/encyc_top/encyc16/term.html?act=list&term=117 lothagam mandible fragment]</ref> | |- | | KNM-TH 13150 | 4.15-5.25 [[annum|Ma]]<ref>{{cite journal | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | title = Pliocene hominid partial mandible from Tabarin, Baringo, Kenya | first1 = Steven | last1 = Ward | first2 = Andrew |last2 = Hill | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330720104 | volume = 72 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–37}}</ref> | ''[[Australopithecus anamensis]]'' | 1984 | [[Kenya]] | Kiptalam Cheboi<ref name=Hill&Ward1988/>|- | |- | [[File:Australopithecus anamensis bone (University of Zurich).JPG|100px]] | KNM-KP 271 | 4 [[annum|Ma]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.msu.edu/~heslipst/contents/ANP440/anamensis.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608160345/https://www.msu.edu/~heslipst/contents/ANP440/anamensis.htm |archivedate=June 8, 2011 |title=''Australopithecus anamensis'' |first=Steven |last=Heslip |year=2001}}{{self-published inline|date=July 2014}}</ref> | ''[[Australopithecus anamensis]]'' | 1965 | [[Kenya]] | Bryan Patterson<ref name=Hill&Ward1988/> | |- | [[File:Laetoli footprints replica.jpg|100px]] | [[Laetoli Footprint]]s | 3.7 [[annum|Ma]] | Bipedal [[hominin]] | 1976 | [[Tanzania]] | [[Mary Leakey]] | |- | [[File:LH 4 Replica 03.jpg|100px]] | [[LH 4]] | 2.9 - 3.9 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' | 1974 | [[Laetoli]], [[Tanzania]] | [[Mary Leakey]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00467.html |title=Oldupai |publisher=Ntz.info |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref> | |- | | KSD-VP-1/1 ([[Kadanuumuu]]) | 3.58 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' | 2005 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Yohannes Haile-Selassie]] | |- | | [[Abel (hominid)|KT-12/H1 (Abel)]] | 3.5 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus bahrelghazali]]'' | 1995 | [[Chad]] | Mamelbaye Tomalta and [[Michel Brunet (paleontologist)|Michel Brunet]] | N'Djamena (Chad), BEAC | |- | [[File:Kenyanthropus platyops, skull (model).JPG|100px]] | [[Kenyanthropus platyops|KNM-WT 40000 (Flat Faced Man)]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=KNM-WT 40000 |url=http://www.efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Kenyanthropus%20platyops/KNM%20WT%2040000 |access-date=2016-05-29 |archive-date=2013-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234105/http://www.efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Kenyanthropus%20platyops/KNM%20WT%2040000 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | 3.5 Ma | ''[[Kenyanthropus platyops]]'' | 1999 | [[Lake Turkana]], [[Kenya]] | [[Justus Erus]] and [[Meave Leakey]]<ref>[http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/knm-wt-40000 Smithsonian]</ref> | |- | |BRT-VP-3/14 |3.3 - 3.5 Ma |''[[Australopithecus deyiremeda]]'' |2015 |Ethiopia |''Yohannes Haile-Selassie''<ref>{{Cite web|title = http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150527134040.htm|url = http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150527134040.htm|website = www.sciencedaily.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> | |- | [[File:Little Foot 01.jpg|100px]] | [[Little Foot|Stw 573 (Little foot)]] | 3.3 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus|Australopithecus ?]]'' | 1994 | [[South Africa]] | [[Ronald J. Clarke]] | |- | [[File:SelamAustralopithecus.jpg|100px]] | [[Selam (Australopithecus)|DIK-1 (Selam)]] | 3.3 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' | 2000 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Zeresenay Alemseged]] | |- | [[File:Lucy Mexico.jpg|100px]] | [[Lucy (Australopithecus)|AL 288-1 (Lucy)]] | 3.2 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' | 1974 | [[Ethiopia]] |Tom Gray, [[Donald Johanson]], [[Yves Coppens]] and [[Maurice Taieb]] | National Museum of Ethiopia |- | [[File:AL 200-1 - AL 400-1 -- australopithecus afarensis.jpg|100px|AL 200-1 and AL 400-1. ''Australopithecus afarensis'']] | [[AL 200-1]] | 3 - 3.2 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' | 1975 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Donald Johanson]] [[Yves Coppens]] and [[Maurice Taieb]] | |- | | [[AL 129-1]] | 3 - 3.2 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' | 1973 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Donald Johanson]] | |- | [[File:AL 444-2. Replica.jpg|100px]] | [[AL 444-2]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/al444-2.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829001440/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/al444-2.html |date=2010-08-29 }} Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 3 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' | 1992 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Yoel Rak]] | |- | <ref>http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/87535.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604172433/https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/87535.php |date=2020-06-04 }} Image at Eurekalert</ref> | [[LD 350-1]]<ref>http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/asu-doj022715.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070912/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/asu-doj022715.php |date=2016-03-05 }} Press Release</ref> | 2.75 - 2.8 Ma | ''[[Homo|Homo ?]]'' | 2013 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Chalachew Seyoum]] | |} ==[[Pleistocene]]== ===[[Lower Paleolithic]]: 2.58 million - 300,000=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! ! Name ! Age ! Species ! Date<br />discovered ! Country ! Discovered by ! Now located at |- | [[File:Australopithecus africanus - Cast of taung child Face.jpg|100px]] | [[Taung 1|Taung 1<br />(Taung Child)]] | 2.5 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' | 1924 | [[South Africa]] | [[Raymond Dart]] | |- | [[File:Paranthropus aethiopicus.JPG|100px]] | [[KNM WT 17000|KNM WT 17000<br />(The Black Skull)]] | 2.5 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus aethiopicus]]'' | 1985 | [[Kenya]] | [[Alan Walker (anthropologist)|Alan Walker]] | |- | [[File:HPCR-UR 501-04.jpg|100px|Original]] | [[Uraha 501|Uraha 501<br />Uraha Jawbone]]<ref>http://travelmag.co.uk/?p=1254</ref> | 2.3-2.5 Ma | ''[[Homo rudolfensis]]'' | 1991 | [[Malawi]] | Tyson Msiska, Timothy Bromage, Friedemann Schrenk | |- | [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 8.jpg|100px|[[Pelvis]], one of the parts of the skeleton STS 14]] | [[STS 14]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sts14.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118234116/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sts14.html |date=2006-01-18 }} Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 2.04-2.58 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' | 1947 | [[South Africa]] | [[Robert Broom]] | |- | [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 4.jpg|100px|STS 71.]] | [[STS 71]]<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/sts-71 Image at Smithsonian</ref> | 2.04 - 2.58 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' | 1947 | [[South Africa]] | [[Robert Broom]] and [[John T. Robinson]] | |- | [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 3.jpg|100px|STS 52a and STS 52b]] | [[STS 52, fossil|STS 52]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sts52.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606185827/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sts52.html |date=2013-06-06 }} Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 2.04 -2 .58 Ma | ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' | 1947 | [[South Africa]] | [[Robert Broom]] | |- | [[File:Mrs Ples Face.jpg|100px]] | [[Mrs. Ples|STS 5<br />(Mrs. Ples)]] | 2.04Ma | ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'' | 1947 | [[South Africa]] | [[Robert Broom]] | |- |[[File:Sterkfontein Caves 67.jpg|100px]] |[[TM 1517]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Department of Anthropology: The University of Texas at Austin |url=http://efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Paranthropus%20robustus/TM%201517 |title=Paranthropus robustus: TM 1517 |accessdate=2014-06-09 |archive-date=2013-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511083847/http://efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Paranthropus%20robustus/TM%201517 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | 2 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]'' | 1938 | [[South Africa]] | Gert Terblanche | |- | [[File:Australopithecus sediba.JPG|100px]] | MH1 (Karabo)<ref>http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=south-african-hominin-fossil MH1 image at Scientific American</ref><ref>{{Cite web | author = Juliet King | title = ''Australopithecus sediba'' fossil named by 17-year-old Johannesburg student | publisher = Origins Centre | date = June 4, 2010 | url = http://www.origins.org.za/news/entry/australopithecus_sediba_named_by_17-year-old_johannesburg_student/ | accessdate = 2011-07-09 | archive-date = 2012-03-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120325202100/http://www.origins.org.za/news/entry/australopithecus_sediba_named_by_17-year-old_johannesburg_student/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | 1.977-1.98 Ma<ref>{{cite news|last=Jonathan|first=Amos|title=African fossils put new spin on human origins story|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14824435|work=http://www.sciencemag.org/site/extra/sediba/index.xhtml|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=9 September 2011|date=2011-09-08}}</ref> | ''[[Australopithecus sediba]]'' | 2008 | [[South Africa]] | [[Lee R. Berger]] | |- | [[File:Homo habilis-KNM ER 1813.jpg|100px]] | [[KNM ER 1813]] | 1.9 Ma | ''[[Homo habilis]]'' | 1973 | [[Kenya]] | [[Kamoya Kimeu]] | |- | [[File:Homo rudolfensis.jpg|100px]] | [[KNM ER 1470]] | 1.9 Ma | ''[[Homo rudolfensis]]'' | 1972 | [[Kenya]] | [[Bernard Ngeneo]]<ref name=CambridgeDictHumBiol&Evolp286>Mai, L.L., Owl, M.Y., & Kersting, M.P. (2005), p.286</ref> | |- | [[File:OH 24 replica 02.JPG|100px|Replica made with a 3D printer]] | [[OH 24|OH 24<br />(Twiggy)]]<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/oh-24 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191545/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/oh-24 |date=2016-03-04 }} Image at Smithsonian</ref> | 1.8 Ma | ''[[Homo habilis]]'' | 1968 | [[Tanzania]] | Peter Nzube | |- | [[File:OH 8 Replica 03.jpg|100px]] | [[Olduvai Hominid 8|OH 8]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh8.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208034128/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh8.html |date=2010-12-08 }} OH 8 image of foot at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 1.8 Ma | ''[[Homo habilis]]'' | 1960 | [[Tanzania]] | | |- | [[File:Paranthropus boisei skull.jpg|100px]] | [[OH 5|OH 5<br />(Zinj or<br />nutcracker man)]] | 1.8 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' | 1959 | [[Tanzania]] | [[Mary Leakey]] | |- | [[File:Dmanisi cranium D2700 (B).jpg|100px]] | [[D2700]] ([[D2700|Dmanisi Skull 3]]) | 1.8 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 2001 | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] | [[David Lordkipanidze]] and Abesalom Vekua | |- | [[File:Dmanisi-D3444. Homo erectus or Homo georgicus.jpg|100px|Dmanisi skull 4, D3444]] | [[Dmanisi skull 4|D3444]] ([[Dmanisi skull 4|Dmanisi Skull 4]]) | 1.8 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 2003 | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] | [[David Lordkipanidze]] | |- | [[File:Skull in dmanisi archaeological site.JPG|100px|Dmanisi skull 5 de Dmanisi]] | [[Dmanisi skull|D4500]] ([[Dmanisi skull|Dmanisi Skull 5]]) | 1.8 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 2005 ( published in 2013) | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |[[David Lordkipanidze]] | |- | |[[KNM-ER 62000]]<ref name="Meave G. Leakey 2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leakey MG, Spoor F, Dean MC, etal |title=New fossils from Koobi Fora in northern Kenya confirm taxonomic diversity in early Homo |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2012-08-09_488_7410/page/201 |journal=Nature |volume=488 |issue=7410 |pages=201–4 |date=August 2012 |pmid=22874966 |doi=10.1038/nature11322}}F</ref> |1.78 -1.9 Mya |''[[Homo rudolfensis]] |2012 |[[Koobi Fora]], [[Kenya]] |[[Meave Leakey]]'s team | |- | |[[KNM-ER 62003]] (mandibular fragment)<ref name="Meave G. Leakey 2012"/> |1.78 -1.9 Mya |''[[Homo rudolfensis]] |2012 |[[Koobi Fora]], [[Kenya]] |[[Meave Leakey]]'s team | |- | |[[KNM-ER 60000]] (mandible)<ref name="Meave G. Leakey 2012"/> |1.78 -1.9 Mya |''[[Homo rudolfensis]] |2012 |[[Koobi Fora]], [[Kenya]] |[[Meave Leakey]]'s team | |- | [[File:Homo Habilis Oh7.jpg|100px]] | [[OH 7]] | 1.75 Ma | ''[[Homo habilis]]'' | 1960 | [[Tanzania]] | [[Jonathan Leakey]] | |- | [[File:Homo ergaster.jpg|100px]] | [[KNM ER 3733]] | 1.75 Ma | ''[[Homo ergaster]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://australianmuseum.net.au/Homo-ergaster|title=''Homo ergaster''|publisher=Australian Museum|accessdate=July 7, 2014}}</ref> (aka ''[[Homo erectus]]'') | 1975 | [[Kenya]] | Bernard Ngeneo | |- |[[File:KNM ER 1805. Pannel 2.jpg|100px]] | [[KNM ER 1805]] | 1.74 Ma | ''[[Homo habilis]]'' | 1973/4 | [[Kenya]] | Paul Abell | |- | | [[Yuanmou Man]] | 1.7 Ma / 0.5-0.6 Ma (disputed)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inverted strata |url=http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/yuanmou.html |access-date=2016-05-29 |archive-date=2006-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002024048/http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/yuanmou.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1965 | [[China]] | [[Fang Qian]] | |- | [[File:Paranthropus-boisei-Nairobi.JPG|100px]] | [[KNM ER 406]] | 1.7 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' | 1969 | [[Kenya]] | [[Richard Leakey]] | |- | | [[KNM ER 732]]<ref>{{cite book | title = From Lucy to Language | author = Donald C. Johanson, Blake Edgar | page= 158 | publisher = New York, NY: Simon & Schuster |year = 1996}}</ref> | 1.7 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' | 1970 | [[Kenya]] | [[Richard Leakey]] | |- | [[File:KNMER 23000-cast.jpg|100px]] | [[KNM ER 23000]]<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/knm-er-23000 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307092524/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/knm-er-23000 |date=2016-03-07 }} Image at Smithsonian</ref> | 1.7 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' | 1990 | [[Koobi Fora]], [[Kenya]] | [[Benson Kyongo]] | |- |[[File:KNM-WT 17400.JPG|100px]] | [[KNM WT 17400]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 1.7 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' | | [[Kenya]] | | |- | [[File:Turkana Boy.jpg|50px]] | [[Turkana Boy|KNM WT 15000<br />(Turkana Boy)]] | 1.6 Ma | ''[[Homo ergaster]]'' (aka ''[[Homo erectus]]'') | 1984 | [[Kenya]] | [[Kamoya Kimeu]] | Kenya National Museum |- | <ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/stw53.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412184835/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/stw53.html |date=2010-04-12 }} STW 53 image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | [[StW 53]] | 1.5 - 2 Ma | ''[[Homo gautengensis]]'' | 1976 | [[South Africa]] | [[A. R. Hughes]] | |- | [[File:Panel 02-SK 847.jpg|100px]] | [[SK 847]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sk847.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013715/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sk847.html |date=2007-09-27 }} SK 847 image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 1.5 - 2 Ma |''[[Homo habilis]]'' | 1949 | [[South Africa]] | | |- | [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 66.jpg|100px]] | [[DNH 7|DNH 7<br />(Eurydice)]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dnh7.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617124822/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dnh7.html |date=2010-06-17 }} DNH 7 image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 1.5 - 2 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]'' | 1994 | [[South Africa]] | [[André Keyser]] | |- | [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 63.jpg|100px]] | [[SK 46]]<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/sk-46 Image at Smithsonian</ref> | 1.5 - 1.8 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]'' | 1949 | [[South Africa]] | [[Robert Broom]] | |- | [[File:Peninj mandible replica.jpg|100px|Replica of the mandible of Peninj, ''P. boisei'']] | [[Peninj Mandible]] | 1.5 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' | 1964 | [[Tanzania]] | [[Richard Leakey]] | |- | [[File:OH 9 Replica 02.JPG|100px|OH 9, partial skull]] | [[Olduvai Hominid 9|OH 9<br />(Chellean Man)]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh9.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617090306/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh9.html |date=2010-06-17 }} Chellean OH 9 Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 1.5 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1960 | [[Tanzania]] | [[Louis Leakey]] | |- | [[File:KNM-ER 992. REPLICA. MCN.jpg|100px|KNM-ER 992. Replica. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid]] | [[KNM ER 992]] | 1.5 Ma | ''[[Homo ergaster]]'' (aka ''[[Homo erectus]]'') | 1971 | [[Kenya]] | [[Richard Leakey]] | |- | [[File:Pithecanthropus modjokertensis Tjokro Handojo.JPG|100px]] | [[Mojokerto child|Mojokerto 1<br>(Mojokerto child)]] | 1.43 - 1.49 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1936 | [[Indonesia]] | Andojo, [[G.H.R. von Koenigswald]] | |- | [[File:Fossil KNM-ER 3883.JPG|100px]] | [[KNM ER 3883]] | 1.4 - 1.6 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1976 | [[Kenya]] | [[Richard Leakey]] | |- | | [[KGA 10-525]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 1.4 Ma | ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' | 1993 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[A. Amzaye]] | |- | | [[Archaeological Site of Atapuerca|Atapuerca]] Jawbone<ref>{{cite news | work = Nature News | date = March 26, 2008 | author = Michael Hopkin | title = Fossil find is oldest European yet | doi = 10.1038/news.2008.691}}</ref> | 1.2 Ma | ''Homo sp.'' | 2008 | [[Spain]] | [[Eudald Carbonell]] | [[Museo de la Evolución Humana]], Burgos (Spain) |- | [[File:Kocabas det.jpg|100px|The Kocabas hominin calvaria.]] | [[Kocabas skull|Kocabas]] | 1.1 Ma <ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X13007462]</ref> | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' <ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.20739/pdf]</ref> | 2002 | [[Turkey]] | [[M. Cihat Alçiçek]] | |- | [[File:Daka homo erectus calvaria.jpg|100px]] | [[Daka skull|Daka]] | 1.0 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1997 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Henry Gilbert]] | |- | [[File:Sangiran IV (Palate).jpg|100px]] | [[Sangiran 4]] | 1 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1939 | [[Indonesia]] | [[G.H.R. von Koenigswald]] | |- | [[File:Homo antecessor.jpg|100px]] | | 780k - 858k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1994 | [[Spain]] | [[José María Bermúdez de Castro|Bermúdez]] & [[Juan Luis Arsuaga|Arsuaga]] | [[Museo de la Evolución Humana]], Burgos (Spain) |- | [[File:Calvaria Sangiran II (B).jpg|100px]] | [[Sangiran 2]] | 0.7 - 1.6 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1937 | [[Indonesia]] | [[G.H.R. von Koenigswald]] | |- | [[File:1911 Britannica-Anthropology-5.png|100px]] | [[Trinil 2|Trinil 2<br />Pithecanthropus-1<br />or <br />Java Man]]<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/trinil-2 Image at Smithsonian</ref> | 0.7 -1 Ma | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1891 | [[Indonesia]] | [[Eugène Dubois]] | |- |[[File:Atlanthropus mauritanicus.jpg|100px|Mandible Ternifine III]] | [[Ternifine 2-3 now Tighennif]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archaeology.about.com/od/tterms/g/ternifine.htm |title=Ternifine or Tighenif |accessdate=28 March 2015 |archive-date=11 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711131317/http://archaeology.about.com/od/tterms/g/ternifine.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | 700k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1954 | [[Algeria]] | C. Arambourg & B. Hoffstetter | |- | [[File:Sangiran 17-02.JPG|100px]] | [[Sangiran 17]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sangiran17.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106121926/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sangiran17.html |date=2010-01-06 }} Sangiran 17 image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 700k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1969 | [[Indonesia]] | S. Sartono | |- | [[File:Peking Man Skull (replica) presented at Paleozoological Museum of China.jpg|100px]] | [[Peking Man]] | 680k - 780k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1921 | [[China]] | [[Davidson Black]] | Lost/stolen |- | [[File:Bula UA31. Homo erectus.jpg|100px|Madam Buya]] | [[Madam Buya]]<ref>http://archive.archaeology.org/9809/newsbriefs/eritrea.html</ref> | 600k - 1.4 Ma | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' or ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1997 | [[Eritrea]] | [[Ernesto Abbate]] | |- | [[File:Bodo cranium.jpg|100px]] | [[Bodo (fossil)|Bodo]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/bodo.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106121203/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/bodo.html |date=2010-01-06 }} Bodo image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 600k | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' or ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1976 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[A. Asfaw]] | |- | [[File:Unterkiefer von Mauer (Replika).JPG|100px]] | [[Mauer 1|Mauer 1<br />(Heidelberg Man)]] | 500k | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' | 1907 | [[Germany]] | Daniel Hartmann | |- | [[File:Saldanha man-Homo heidelbergensis.jpg|100px]] | [[Saldanha man]]<ref>https://www.msu.edu/~heslipst/contents/ANP440/images/Saldanha.JPG Saldanha man{{self-published inline|date=July 2014}} {{wayback|url=https://www.msu.edu/~heslipst/contents/ANP440/images/Saldanha.JPG |date=20070711173711 }}</ref> | 500k | ''[[Homo rhodesiensis]]'' | 1953 | [[South Africa]] | | |- | [[File:Boxgrove-Tibia.jpg|40px|center]] | [[Boxgrove Man]] | 478k - 524k | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' | 1994 | [[UK]] | | |- | [[File:Homme de Tautavel.jpg|100px|Arago XXI]] | [[Arago 21|Arago 21<br />(Tautavel Man)]] | 450k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1971 | [[France]] | [[Henry de Lumley]] | |- | <ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/pa830.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606191829/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/pa830.html |date=2013-06-06 }} Hexian PA830 image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | [[Hexian]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://peterbrown-palaeoanthropology.net/hexian.html |title=Hexian |publisher=Peter Brown's Australian & Asian Palaeoanthropology |author=Peter Brown |accessdate=2014-05-18}}</ref> | 400k - 500k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1980 | [[China]] | | |- | | [[Argil]] | 400 - 500k | ''[[Homo cepranensis]]''?<br />''[[Homo antecessor]]''?<br />''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]''? | 1994 | [[Ceprano, Italia]] | [[Italo Biddittu]] |- | [[File:Homo heidelbergensis-Cranium -5.jpg|100px]] | [[Miguelón|Skull 5 (Miguelón)]] | 400k | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' | 1992 | [[Spain]] | [[José María Bermúdez de Castro|Bermúdez]], [[Juan Luis Arsuaga|Arsuaga]] & [[Eudald Carbonell|Carbonell]] | [[Museo de la Evolución Humana]], Burgos (Spain) |- |[[File:Swanscombe occipital 01.jpg|100px|Replica]] | [[Swanscombe Man]] | 400k | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' | 1935 | [[UK]] | [[Alvan T Marston]] | |- |[[File:Sale skull.jpg|100px]] | [[Sale (fossil)|Sale]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 400k | ''[[Homo rhodesiensis]]'' | 1971 | [[Morocco]] | | |- | [[File:Nduru Fossil Replica 01.JPG|100px|Replica made by a 3D printer]] | [[Ndutu]]<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/ndutu {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194444/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/ndutu |date=2016-03-04 }} Image at Smithsonian</ref> | 350k | ''[[Homo rhodesiensis]]'' | 1973 | [[Tanzania]] | A.A. Mturi | |- | [[File:Steinheimer Urmensch Schaedel.jpg|100px]] | [[Steinheim Skull]] | 350k | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' | 1933 | [[Germany]] | | |- | | [[Samu (Homo erectus)|Samu]] | 350k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1964 | [[Hungary]] | [[Márton Pécsi]] | |} ===[[Middle Paleolithic]]: 300,000 - 50,000 years old=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! ! Name ! Age ! Species ! Year<br />discovered ! Country ! Discovered by ! Now located at |- | [[File:Petralona1.JPG|100px|Petralona 1]] | [[Petralona skull|Petralona 1]]<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/petralona-1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202230512/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/petralona-1 |date=2015-02-02 }} Smithsonian's Human Origins Program</ref> | 250k - 500k | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' | 1960 | [[Greece]] | | |- | [[File:IMJ view 20130115 192522.jpg|100px]] | [[Galilee Man]] | 300k-200k | ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' | 1925 | [[Mandatory Palestine (region)|Mandatory Palestine ]] | [[Francis Turville-Petre]] | |- | [[File:Saccopastore 1.JPG|120px|center]] | [[Saccopastore skulls|Saccopastore 1]] | 250k<ref>http://www.thelocal.it/20151104/italy-dates-its-first-neanderthal-to-250k-years-ago</ref> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1929 | [[Italy]] | [[Mario Grazioli]] | |- | [[File:Ngandong 7-Homo erectus.jpg|100px]] | [[Ngandong 7]] | 250k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1931 | [[Indonesia]] | [[C. ter Haar]] and [[G. H. R. von Koenigswald]] | |- | | [[Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site|Bontnewydd]] (Pontynewydd) | 230k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1981 | [[UK]] | | |- | <ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dali.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828232622/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dali.html |date=2010-08-28 }} Dali image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | [[Dali (fossil)|Dali]] | 209k ±23k (disputed)<ref>P. Brown [http://www.peterbrown-palaeoanthropology.net/dali.html Dali archaic Homo Sapiens]{{self-published inline|date=July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Chen | first1 = T | last2 = Yang | first2 = Q | last3 = Wu | first3 = E | year = 1994 | title = Antiquity of Homo sapiens in China | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1994-03-03_368_6466/page/55| journal = Nature | volume = 368 | issue = | pages = 55–56 | doi=10.1038/368055a0}}</ref> | ''[[Homo erectus]]''<br /> or <br />''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1978 | [[China]] | [[Shuntang Liu]] | |- | [[File:Rhodesian Man.jpg|100px]] | [[Kabwe Cranium|Broken Hill 1<br />(Kabwe Cranium<br /> or <br />Rhodesian Man)]] | 200k - 300k | ''[[Homo rhodesiensis]]'' | 1921 | [[Zambia]] | Tom Zwiglaar | |- | <ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/omo1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818165507/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/omo1.html |date=2010-08-18 }} Omo 1 Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | [[Omo remains|Omo 1]] | 190k | ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 1967 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Richard Leakey]] | |- | <ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/omo2.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113010733/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/omo2.html |date=2010-01-13 }} Omo II Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | [[Omo remains|Omo 2]] | 190k | ''[[Homo Sapiens|Homo sapiens]]'' | | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Richard Leakey]] | |- | [[File:Fossil of Mandible of Penghu 1.JPG|100px]] | [[Penghu 1]] | 190k—10k<ref name="Changetal2015">{{ cite journal | year=2015 | title=First archaic ''Homo'' from Taiwan | journal=Nature Communications |author1=Chang, C.-H. |author2=Kaifu, M. |author3=Kona, R. T. |author4=Grün, R. |author5=Matsu'ura, S. |author6=Kinsley, L. |author7=Lin, L.-K. |doi=10.1038/ncomms7037 | volume=6 | pages=6037}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Ancient Human Fossil Could Be New Primitive Species|first=Charles Q.|last= Choi|website= Live Science|date= January 27, 2015|url=http://www.livescience.com/49588-ancient-human-fossil-primitive-species.html}}</ref> | ''[[Homo tsaichangensis]]''<ref name="McMenaminHtsaichangensis2015">{{ cite book| author = McMenamin, M. A. S.| year=2015 | title = Homo tsaichangensis ''and'' Gigantopithecus| location = South Hadley, Massachusetts | isbn = 1-893882-19-5 |doi=10.13140/2.1.3463.7121| publisher = Meanma}}</ref> | | [[Taiwan]] | | [[National Museum of Natural Science]] |- | [[File:Homo Sapiens Idaltu.JPG|100px|Herto's skull]] | [[Homo sapiens idaltu|Herto remains]]<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s877478.htm Herto skull images at ABC Science</ref> | 160k | ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 1997 | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Tim White (anthropologist)|Tim White]] | |- | [[File:Jebel Irhoud 1. Homo Sapiens.jpg|100px|Jebel Irhoud 1]] | [[Jebel Irhoud|Jebel Irhoud 1]]<ref>http://www.eva.mpg.de/evolution/files/irhoud.htm Jebel Irhoud 1 skull image at Max Planck Institute</ref> | 160k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1991 | [[Morocco]] | | |- | | [[Jebel Irhoud|Jebel Irhoud 2]] | 160k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1991 | [[Morocco]] | | |- | <ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal |title=Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2007-04-10_104_15/page/6128 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=104 |issue=15 |pages=6128–33 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17372199 |pmc=1828706 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0700747104 |laysummary=http://phys.org/news93013922.html |laydate=March 13, 2007 |laysource=[[Phys.org]]}}</ref> | [[Jebel Irhoud|Jebel Irhoud 3]] | 160k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1991 | [[Morocco]] | | |- | | [[Jebel Irhoud|Jebel Irhoud 4]] | 160k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1991 | [[Morocco]] | | |- | <ref>[http://antropogenez.ru/uploads/tx_fossils/Altamura.jpg Image of Altamura Man]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Image of Altamura Man skull |url=http://www.altamura.cchnet.it/the-tour-itineraries/the-altamura-man/fss_get/immagine_preview |access-date=2016-05-29 |archive-date=2013-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023204826/http://www.altamura.cchnet.it/the-tour-itineraries/the-altamura-man/fss_get/immagine_preview |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[Altamura Man]] | 130-172k<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Martina Lari, Fabio Di Vincenzo, Andrea Borsato, Silvia Ghirotto, Mario Micheli, Carlotta Balsamo, Carmine Collina, Gianluca De Bellis, Silvia Frisia, Giacomo Giacobini, Elena Gigli, John C. Hellstrom, Antonella Lannino, Alessandra Modi, Alessandro Pietrelli, Elena Pilli, Antonio Profico, Oscar Ramirez, Ermanno Rizzi, Stefania Vai, Donata Venturo, Marcello Piperno, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Guido Barbujani, David Caramelli, Giorgio Manzi |title=The Neanderthal in the karst: First dating, morphometric, and paleogenetic data on the fossil skeleton from Altamura (Italy) |year=2015 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=in press |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248415000263 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.007 |pages=88–94}}</ref> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1993 | [[Italy]] | | ''in situ'' |- | [[File:Panel2-tabun 1.jpg|100px|Tabun C1. Low resolution]] | [[Tabun C1]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/tabun1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816062229/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/tabun1.html |date=2013-08-16 }} Tabun 1 Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 120k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1967 | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | Arthur Jelinek | |- | [[File:Krapina 3. Homo neanderthalensis.jpg|100px]] | [[Krapina]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013702/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html |date=2007-09-27 }} Krapina C Images at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 100k - 127k <ref name="pnas">{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal |title=Dental evidence for ontogenetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=107 |issue=49 |pages=20923–8 |date=December 2010 |pmid=21078988 |pmc=3000267 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1010906107}}</ref> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1899 | [[Croatia]] | [[Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger|Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger]] | |- | [[File:Denisova Molar.jpg|100px|Denisova molar]] | [[Denisovan|Denisovan tooth]] | 110k<ref name="NYT-20151116">{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |authorlink=Carl Zimmer |title=In a Tooth, DNA From Some Very Old Cousins, the Denisovans |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/science/in-a-tooth-dna-from-some-very-old-cousins-the-denisovans.html |date=16 November 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=16 November 2015 }}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20151111">{{cite journal |last1=Sawyer |first1=Susanna |last2=Renaud |first2=Gabriel |last3=Viola |first3=Bence |last4=Hublin |first4=Jean-Jacques |last5=Gansauge |first5=Marie-Theres |last6=Shunkov |first6=Michael V. |last7=Derevianko |first7=Anatoly P. |last8=Prüfer |first8=Kay |last9=Kelso |first9=Janet |last10=Pääbo |first10=Svante |title=Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/11/1519905112 |date=11 November 2015 |journal=[[PNAS]] |doi=10.1073/pnas.1519905112 |accessdate=16 November 2015 }}</ref> | ''[[Denisovan|Homo sp. Altai]]'' | 2015 | [[Russia]] | | |- | [[File:Panel1-Qafezh 6 01-01-1980 0-39-18 327x239.jpg|100px]] | [[Qafzeh 6]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh6.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718082720/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh6.html |date=2010-07-18 }} Qafzeh VI images at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 90k - 100k<ref name="pnas"/> | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1930 | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | [[R. Neuville]] [[M Stekelis]] | |- | [[File:Qafzeh.JPG|100px]] | [[Qafzeh|Qafzeh IX]] | 90k - 100k<ref name="pnas"/> | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qafzeh IX |url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh9.html |access-date=2016-05-29 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013935/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh9.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | 1933 | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | T. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr. | |- | <ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh6.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718082720/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh6.html |date=2010-07-18 }} Qafzeh VI Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | [[Qafzeh]] VI | 90k - 100k<ref name="pnas"/> | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1933 | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | T. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr. | |- | | Scladina | 80k - 127k<ref name="pnas"/> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | | [[Belgium]] | | |- | [[File:Skhul.JPG|100px]] | [[Skhul remains|Skhul V]] | 80k - 120k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1933 | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | T. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr. | |- | | [[Es Skhul|Skhul IX]] | 80k - 120k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]] '' | | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | | |- | <ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/klasies.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610210613/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/klasies.html |date=2010-06-10 }} Klasies Images at Modern Human Origins</ref> | [[Klasies River Caves]] | 75k - 125k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1960 | [[South Africa]] | [[Ray Inskeep]], [[Robin Singer]], [[John Wymer]], [[Hilary Deacon]] | |- | | Obi-Rakhmat 1<ref>{{cite book | title = Asian paleanthropology: From Africa to China and beyond | first1=Christopher J. |last1=Norton |first2=David R. |last2=Braun |page=107 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-90-481-9094-2 |isbn=978-90-481-9093-5}}</ref> | 75k <ref name="pnas"/> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 2003 | [[Uzbekistan]] | | |- | [[File:Teshik-Task. Homo neanderthalensis child.jpg|100px]] | [[Teshik-Tash#The skull|Teshik-Tash Skull]]<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History | title = What does it mean to be human? | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | url = http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/f-teshik-tash | archive-date = March 5, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210305192253/https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/f-teshik-tash | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | 70k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1938 | [[Uzbekistan]] | A. Okladnikov | |- | [[File:Ferrassie skull.jpg|100px]] | [[La Ferrassie 1]] | 70k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1909 | [[France]] | R. Capitan and D. Peyrony | |- | [[File:Shanidar skull.jpg|100px]] | [[Shanidar 1]] | 60k - 80k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1961 | [[Iraq]] | [[Ralph Solecki]] | |- | [[File:Homo sapiens neanderthalensis.jpg|100px]] | [[La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1]] | 60k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1908 | [[France]] | A. and J. Bouyssonie and L. Bardon | |- | [[File:Neanderthal-burial.gif|100px]] | [[Kebara Cave|Kebara 2]] (Moshe)<ref name=lucytolanguage>{{cite book|first= Donald|last= Johanson|first2=Blake|last2=Edgar|title=From Lucy to Language|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7432-8064-8}}</ref> | 60k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1983 | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | Lynne Schepartz | |- | <ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud7.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716234938/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud7.html |date=2011-07-16 }} Amud 7 Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | [[Amud 7]] | 50k - 60k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | | |} ===[[Upper Paleolithic]]: 50,000 - 10,000 years old=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! ! Name ! Age ! Species ! Date<br />discovered ! Country ! Discovered by ! Now Located at |- | | [[Sidrón Cave]] | 49k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1994 | [[Spain]] | | |- | [[File:La Quina. H 5. Homo neanderthalensis.jpg|100px]] | [[La Quina 5]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 45k - 60k<ref name="pnas"/> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | | [[France]] | | |- | [[File:La Quina 18. Homo neanderthalensis child.jpg|100px]] | [[La Quina 18]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 45k - 60k<ref name="pnas"/> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | | [[France]] | | |- |[[File:TPL2 mandible occlusal view.PNG|100px|TPL2 mandible]] | [[Tam Pa Ling cave]]<ref name="Demeter et al 2012"/> | 46k - 63k <ref name="Demeter et al 2012">{{cite journal|last1=Demeter|first1=F.|last2=Shackelford|first2=L. L.|last3=Bacon|first3=A.-M.|last4=Duringer|first4=P.|last5=Westaway|first5=K.|last6=Sayavongkhamdy|first6=T.|last7=Braga|first7=J.|last8=Sichanthongtip|first8=P.|last9=Khamdalavong|first9=P.|last10=Ponche|first10=J.-L.|last11=Wang|first11=H.|last12=Lundstrom|first12=C.|last13=Patole-Edoumba|first13=E.|last14=Karpoff|first14=A.-M.|title=Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|volume=109|issue=36|pages=14375–14380|doi=10.1073/pnas.1208104109|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/109/36/14375.full|pmid=22908291|pmc=3437904}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Demeter|first1=Fabrice|last2=Shackelford|first2=Laura|last3=Westaway|first3=Kira|last4=Duringer|first4=Philippe|last5=Bacon|first5=Anne-Marie|last6=Ponche|first6=Jean-Luc|last7=Wu|first7=Xiujie|last8=Sayavongkhamdy|first8=Thongsa|last9=Zhao|first9=Jian-Xin|last10=Barnes|first10=Lani|last11=Boyon|first11=Marc|last12=Sichanthongtip|first12=Phonephanh|last13=Sénégas|first13=Frank|last14=Karpoff|first14=Anne-Marie|last15=Patole-Edoumba|first15=Elise|last16=Coppens|first16=Yves|last17=Braga|first17=José|last18=Macchiarelli|first18=Roberto|title=Early Modern Humans and Morphological Variation in Southeast Asia: Fossil Evidence from Tam Pa Ling, Laos|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2015|volume=10|issue=4|pages=e0121193|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0121193|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121193}}</ref> | ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 2009 | [[Laos]] | | |- | | [[Kents Cavern]] | 41k - 45k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1927 | [[UK]] | | |- | [[File:Amud 1. Homo neanderthalensis.jpg|100px]] | [[Amud 1]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424045839/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud1.html |date=2011-04-24 }} Amud 1 Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 41k <ref>{{cite web | publisher = Museum of Science, Boston, US | title = Human evolution: interpreting evidence | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | url = http://www.mos.org/evolution/fossils/fossilview.php?fid=54 | archive-date = May 2, 2004 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040502010552/http://www.mos.org/evolution/fossils/fossilview.php?fid=54 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1961 | [[Mandatory Palestine]] | [[Hisashi Suzuki]] | |- | [[File:Mungo Man.jpg|100px]] | [[Mungo Man]] | 40k - 60k | ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 1974 | [[Australia]] | | |- | | [[WLH-50]] | | ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 1982 | [[Australia]] | | |- | [[File:Homo neanderthalensis skull - Naturmuseum Freiburg - DSC06766.jpg|100px|Mt. Circeo 1]] | [[Mt. Circeo 1]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/circeo.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530004548/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/circeo.html |date=2011-05-30 }} Mount Circeo 1 Image at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 40k - 60k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1939 | [[Italy]] | Prof. Blanc | |- | [[File:Neander1.jpg|100px|Neanderthal 1]] | [[Neanderthal 1]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/neanderthal1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620070340/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/neanderthal1.html |date=2010-06-20 }} Neanderthal 1 images at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 40k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1856 | [[Germany]] | [[Johann Carl Fuhlrott]] | |- | [[File:Denisova Phalanx distalis.jpg|100px|Denisova phalanx distalis]] | [[Denisovan|Denisova hominin]] (X-Woman) | 40k | ''[[Denisovan|Homo sp. Altai]]'' | 2008 | [[Russia]] | Johannes Krause, ''et al.'' | |- | | [[Denisova hominin|hominin finger bone]] | 40k | ''[[Denisovan|Homo sp. Altai]]'' (possible [[Neanderthal]]-Denisovan hybrid) | 2011 | [[Russia]] | | |- | [[File:Oase 2-Homo Sapiens.jpg|100px|Oase 2]] | [[Peștera cu Oase]]<ref>http://news.softpedia.com/newsImage/Experts-Recreate-the-Face-of-the-First-European-2.jpg/ Images of Peştera cu Oase{{self-published inline|date=July 2014}}</ref> | 37.8k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 2002 | [[Romania]] | | |- | | [[Balangoda man]] | 37k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 2012 | [[Sri Lanka]] | | |- | [[File:Hofmeyr Skull.jpg|100px]] | [[Hofmeyr Skull]] | 36k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1952 | [[South Africa]] | | |- | | [[Red Lady of Paviland]] | 33k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1823 | [[UK]] | [[William Buckland]] | |- | | [[Yamashita Cave Man|Yamashita-Cho Man]] | 32k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1962 | [[Japan]] | | |- | [[File:Schmerling Planche I.jpg|100px|Engis 2]] | [[Engis 2]] | 30k-50k <ref name="pnas"/><ref name="Bone & Stone">{{Cite web |title=Timeline at Bone & Stone |url=http://www.boneandstone.com/neandertal/neandertal_descriptions.html |access-date=2016-05-29 |archive-date=2012-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314080557/http://www.boneandstone.com/neandertal/neandertal_descriptions.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1829 | [[Belgium]] | [[Philippe-Charles Schmerling]] | |- | [[File:Neanderthal skull from Forbes' Quarry.jpg|100px|Gibraltar 1]] | [[Gibraltar 1]] | 30k-50k <ref name="pnas"/> | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1848 | [[Gibraltar]] | Captain [[Edmund Flint]] | |- | [[File:Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Berlin 069.jpg|100px|Le Moustier 1]] | [[Le Moustier]] | 30k-50k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' | 1909 | [[France]] | | |- | [[File:Denisova Molar.jpg|100px|Denisova molar]] | [[Denisova hominin|Denisovan tooth]] | 30k - 50k | ''[[Denisovan|Homo sp. Altai]]'' | 2000 | [[Russia]] | | |- | [[File:Cro-Magnon.jpg|100px|Cro-Magnon 1]] | [[Cro-Magnon 1]] | 30k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1868 | [[France]] | [[Louis Lartet]] | |- | | [[NG 6]] | 27k - 53k | ''[[Homo erectus]]'' | 1931 | [[Indonesia]] | [[C. ter Haar]] and [[GHR von Koenigswald]] | |- | [[File:Homo sapiens sapiens (2238258674).jpg|100px|Replica of Predmosti 3]] | [[Predmost 3]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/predmosti3.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606184738/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/predmosti3.html |date=2013-06-06 }} Predmosti 3 images at Modern Human Origins</ref> | 26k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1894 | [[Czech Republic]] | [[K.J. Maska]] | |- | <ref name=pmid15857652>{{cite journal |author=Schulting RJ, Trinkaus E, Higham T, Hedges R, Richards M, Cardy B |title=A Mid-Upper Palaeolithic human humerus from Eel Point, South Wales, UK |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=493–505 |date=May 2005 |pmid=15857652 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.02.001}}</ref> | [[Lapedo Child]] | 24.5k | ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'' or ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1998 | [[Portugal]] | João Zilhão | |- | <ref name=pmid15857652/> | [[Eel Point]] | 24k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1997 | [[UK]] | | |- | [[File:Specimen LB1.jpg|100px|LB 1 skeleton]] | [[Homo floresiensis|LB 1 (Hobbit)]] | 18k | ''[[Homo floresiensis]]'' | 2003 | [[Indonesia]] | [[Flores man|Peter Brown]] | |- | [[File:Fossil of Minatogawa Man.jpg|100px|Minatogawa 1. Replica at the Museum of Tokyo]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/minatogawa1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816052454/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/minatogawa1.html |date=2013-08-16 }} Minatogawa 1 images at Modern Human</ref> | [[Minatogawa Man|Minatogawa 1]] | 16k - 18k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1970 | [[Japan]] | | [[Anthropology Museum, Tokyo University]] |- | | [[Tandou]]<ref>{{cita magazine |last=Freedman |name=L. |last2=Lofgren |name2=M, |year=1983 |title=Human skeletal ramins from Lake Tandou, New South Wales |publicación=Arch Oceania |issue=18 |pages=98-105 |url=http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/40386634?sid=21105240582481&uid=2&uid=3737952&uid=70&uid=4&uid=2129 |accessdate=2015-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://austhrutime.com/lake_tandou_skull.htm |title=Lake Tandou Skull |publisher=Australia: The Land Where Time Began |accessdate=2014-05-19}}</ref> | 17k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1967 | [[Australia]] | [[Duncan Merrilees]] | |- | [[File:Skull of Gough's Cave.jpg|100px]] | [[Gough's Cave]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol17/UBSS_Proc_17_2_145-152.pdf |first=C. B. |last=Stringer |year=1985 |title=The hominid remains from Gough's Cave |journal=Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=145–52}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Robin |last=McKie |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/jun/20/ice-age-cannibals-britain-earliest-settlers |title=Bones from a Cheddar Gorge cave show that cannibalism helped Britain's earliest settlers survive the ice age |work=The Observer |publisher=Guardian |date=June 20, 2010 |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref> | 14.7k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 2010 | [[UK]] | | |- | | Iwo Eleru Skull | 13k<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Natural History Museum, London, UK | title = Mystery of a West African skull from 13,000 years ago | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2011/september/mystery-of-a-west-african-skull-from-13000-years-ago103799.html}}</ref> | ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 1965 | [[Nigeria]] | | |- | | [[Arlington Springs Man]] | 13k<ref>{{cite web|publisher=National Park Service|title=Arlington Man|first=John|last=Johnson|accessdate=December 25, 2014|url=http://www.nps.gov/chis/historyculture/arlington.htm}}</ref> | ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 1959 | [[United States]] | Phil Orr | |- | [[File:Moulage de crâne, Raymonden, Chancelade, Dordogne.jpg|100 px]] |[[Chancelade man|Chancelade find]] | 17-12k<ref>{{cite book|last1=Leroy-Gourhan|first1=Michel Brézillon ; preface by André|title=Dictionnaire de la préhistoire|date=1969|publisher=Larousse|location=Paris|isbn=2-03-075437-4|edition=Ed. rev. & corr.}}</ref> | ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 1888 | [[France]] | | |- | [[File:Red_Deer_Cave_people_skull_and_reconstruction.png|100px|center|Red Deer cave skull]] | [[Red Deer Cave people|Red Deer Cave]] | 14.5k - 11.5k | Uncertain, possibly ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | 1979 | China | Darren Curnoe? | |- | [[File:Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1-Homo Sapiens 11,500 Years Old.jpg|100 px]] | [[Luzia Woman|Luzia]] | 11.5k<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/luzia.html|title=Who Was First? Untangling America's Prehistoric Roots|publisher=Discovery Communications Inc.|author=C. Smith|year=1999|accessdate=July 2, 2014|archive-date=December 24, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224150030/http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/luzia.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' |1975 |[[Brazil]] |[[Annette Laming-Emperaire]] | |- | <ref>{{cite book |first1=Junius B. |last1=Bird |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Hyslop |year=1988 |chapter=Four views of skull from skeleton 99.1/779 |page=214 |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=RxLqTBkW42oC&pg=PA214 |title=Travels and Archaeology in South Chile |publisher=University of Iowa Press |isbn=978-1-58729-014-5}}</ref> | [[Cerro Sota 2]]<ref>{{cite book | publisher = Cornell University, New York, U.S. | title = Travels and Archeology in South Chile | accessdate = August 21, 2013 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=RxLqTBkW42oC&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214&dq=%22Cerro+Sota%22+chile+skull&source=bl&ots=Mw8XQHgWx0&sig=hHU39VdY2VI4cAhRyrC0JrvPMtM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=a9EiUu-DE6GCiwL1ooBI&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Cerro%20Sota%22%20chile%20skull&f=false}}</ref> | 11k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1936 | [[Chile]] | [[Junius Bird]] | |- | [[File:Wadjak I, cast.jpg|100px|Wadjak 1, aka Java Man.]] | [[Wadjak 1]]<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Archaeology in Oceania | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | year = 1992 | pages = 37–46 | title = The many faces of Wadjak man |url = https://archive.org/details/sim_archaeology-in-oceania_1992-04_27_1/page/n38 | first1 = Paul | last1 = Storm | first2 = Andrew | last2 = Nelson | jstor=40386932 | doi=10.1002/j.1834-4453.1992.tb00281.x}}</ref> | 10k - 12k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1888 | [[Indonesia]] | [[B.D. van Rietschoten]] | |} ==Holocene== ===[[Mesolithic]] / [[Neolithic]]: 10,000 - 5000 years old=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! ! Name ! Age ! Species ! Year<br />discovered ! Country ! Discovered by ! Now located at |- | [[File:La Brea woman.jpg|100px]] | [[La Brea Woman]] | ~ 10k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1914 | [[United States]] | | |- | [[File:Homo sapiens Combe Capelle.jpg|100px]] | [[Combe Capelle]] | 9.6 k<ref>{{cite news |last=Seidler |first=Christoph |title=Forscher entzaubern Steinzeitmann |url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/0,1518,744424,00.html |work=Der Spiegel |publisher= |accessdate=2012-04-19 |date=9 February 2011 |language=German }}</ref> | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1909 | [[France]] | [[O. Hauser]] | |- | [[File:Cheddar Man scull.jpg|100px]] | [[Cheddar Man]] | 9k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1903 | [[UK]] | | |- | [[File:Kow Swamp1-Homo sapiens.jpg|100px]] | [[Kow Swamp Archaeological Site|Kow Swamp 1]] | 9k - 13k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1968 | [[Australia]] | [[A.G. Thorne]] | |- | | [[Afalou 13]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 8k - 12k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1920 | [[Algeria]] | [[C. Arambourg]] | |- | | [[Wadi Halfa 25]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 8k - 12k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1963 | [[Sudan]] | [[G. Armelagos]], [[E. Ewing]], [[D. Greene]] | |- | | [[Wadi Kubbaniya]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 8k - 20k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1982 | [[Egypt]] | [[Fred Wendorf]] | |- | [[File:Mnwomanskull.jpg|100px]] | [[Minnesota Woman]] | 7.8 - 8k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1931 | [[Minnesota]], United States | [[Albert Jenks]], via construction crew | |- | | [[Lo 4b]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Joseph F. |title=The First Americans: Race, Evolution and the Origin of Native Americans |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.es/books?id=VpiKZJOhBq8C |publisher=Cambridge University Press |format=Google Books |isbn=9780521530354 |accessdate=2015-01-25 |pages=169–170}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Angel |first1=J.L. |last2=Phenice |first2=T.W. |last3=Robbins |first3=L.H. |last4=Lynch |first4=B.M. |year=1980 |title=Late stone age fishermen of Lothegam, Kenya |series=National Anthropological Archives, Sithsonian Institution, Part 3}}</ref> | 6k - 9k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1965-1975 | | [[H. Robbins]] [[B.M. Lynch]] | |- | [[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|100px]] | [[Tepexpan man]] | 5k - 11k | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1947 | [[Mexico]] | [[Hellmut de Terra|H. de Terra]] | |- | | [[SDM 16704]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} | 4.9k - 11.8 | ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1929 | [[United States]] | [[M.J. Rogers]] | |- | [[File:Otzi-Quinson.jpg|100px]] | [[Ötzi]] | 5.3k | ''[[Anatomically modern human|Homo sapiens]]'' | 1991 | [[Ötztal Alps]], [[Italy]] | [[Ötzi#Discovery|Helmut Simon]] and [[Ötzi#Discovery|Erika Simon]] | |} ==Orúkọ àgékúrú tí wọ́n ń pe tàtijó== * AL{{spaced ndash}}[[Afar Region|Afar Locality]], Ethiopia * ARA-VP{{spaced ndash}}Aramis Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia * BAR{{spaced ndash}}(Lukeino, [[Tugen Hills]]) [[Baringo District]], Kenya * BOU-VP{{spaced ndash}}Bouri Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia * D{{spaced ndash}}[[Dmanisi]], Georgia * ER{{spaced ndash}}[[Lake Turkana|East (Lake) Rudolf]], Kenya * KGA{{spaced ndash}}Konso-Gardula, Ethiopia * KNM{{spaced ndash}}Kenya National Museum * KP{{spaced ndash}}Kanapoi, Kenya * LB{{spaced ndash}}[[Liang Bua]], Indonesia * LH{{spaced ndash}}Laetoli Hominid, Tanzania * MH{{spaced ndash}}[[Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind|Malapa]] Hominin, South Africa * NG{{spaced ndash}}[[Ngandong]], Indonesia * OH{{spaced ndash}}[[Olduvai Gorge|Olduvai]] Hominid, Tanzania * SK{{spaced ndash}}[[Swartkrans]], South Africa * Sts, Stw{{spaced ndash}}[[Sterkfontein]], South Africa * TM{{spaced ndash}}Transvaal Museum, South Africa * TM{{spaced ndash}}Toros-Menalla, Chad * WT{{spaced ndash}}[[Lake Turkana|West (Lake) Turkana]], Kenya ==Tún wo== {{Portal|Evolutionary biology}} {{div col|2}} * [[Dawn of Humanity (film)|''Dawn of Humanity'' (2015 PBS film)]] * [[Human evolution]] * [[List of countries and islands by first human settlement]] * [[List of fossil primates]] * [[List of fossil sites]] * [[List of notable fossils]] * [[List of transitional fossils]] * [[Most recent common ancestor]] * [[Paleoanthropology]] * [[Timeline of human evolution]] {{div col end}} ==Àkàsíwájú== {{div col|2}} *Gibbons, Ann. ''The First Human: The Race to Discover our Earliest Ancestor''. Anchor Books (2007). ISBN 978-1-4000-7696-3 *{{Cite book |editor= Hartwig, Walter |title = The Primate Fossil Record |publisher = Cambridge University Press (2002). Reprinted 2004 |isbn = 978-0-521-08141-2 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=Ezm1OA_s6isC&printsec=frontcover&dq=hartwig+primate&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false |postscript= {{inconsistent citations}} |editor-link = Walter Hartwig}}. *[[Donald Johanson|Johanson, Donald]] & Wong, Kate. ''Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins''. Three Rivers Press (2009). ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2 *{{Cite book| year=1994 | author=[[Steve Jones (biologist)|Jones, Steve]]; Martin, Robert D.; [[David Pilbeam|Pilbeam, David R]] (Editors). | title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human evolution | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-46786-5| postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}} (Note: this book contains very useful, information dense chapters on primate evolution in general, and human evolution in particular, including fossil history). *[[Richard Leakey|Leakey, Richard]] & [[Roger Lewin|Lewin, Roger]]. ''Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes us Human''. Little, Brown and Company (1992). ISBN 0-316-90298-5 *[[Roger Lewin|Lewin, Roger]]. ''Bones of Contention: Controversies in the Search for Human Origins''. Penguin Books (1987). ISBN 0-14-022638-9 *Morwood, Mike & van Oosterzee, Penny. ''A New Human: The Startling Discovery and Strange Story of the 'Hobbits' of Flores, Indonesia''. Smithsonian Books (2007). ISBN 978-0-06-089908-0 *[[Stephen Oppenheimer|Oppenheimer, Stephen]]. ''Out of Eden: The Peopling of the World''. Constable (2003). ISBN 1-84119-697-5 *[[Alice Roberts|Roberts, Alice]]. ''The Incredible Human Journey: The Story of how we Colonised the Planet''. Bloomsbury (2009). ISBN 978-0-7475-9839-8 *Shreeve, James. ''The Neanderthal Enigma: Solving the Mystery of Modern Human Origins''. Viking (1996). ISBN 0-670-86638-5 *[[Chris Stringer|Stringer, Chris]]. ''The Origin of Our Species''. Allen Lane (2011). ISBN 978-1-84614-140-9 *[[Chris Stringer|Stringer, Chris]] & Andrews, Peter. ''The Complete World of Human Evolution''. Thames & Hudson (2005). ISBN 0-500-05132-1 *[[Chris Stringer|Stringer, Chris]] & McKie, Robin. ''African Exodus: The Origins of Modern Humanity''. Jonathan Cape (1996). ISBN 0-224-03771-4 *van Oosterzee, Penny. ''The Story of Peking Man''. Allen & Unwin (1999). ISBN 1-86508-632-0 *[[Alan Walker (anthropologist)|Walker, Allan]] & Shipman, Pat. ''The Wisdom of the Bones: In Search of Human Origins''. Weidenfeld and Nicholson (1996). ISBN 0-297-81670-5 *[[Nicholas Wade|Wade, Nicholas]]. ''Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of our Ancestors''. Penguin Press (2006). ISBN 978-0-7156-3658-9 *{{Cite journal|year=1985 |author= Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E. |title= 'Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective |edition=4th |place= Boston |publisher= Little Brown |isbn=978-0-673-39013-4|postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}} (Note: this book contains very accessible descriptions of human and non-human primates, their evolution, and fossil history). *{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-8129-7146-0 | title = The Journey of Man : A Genetic Odyssey | last1 = Wells | first1 = Spencer | year = 2004 | publisher = Random House Trade Paperbacks | location = New York, NY | pages = }} {{div col end}} ==Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ===Ìwé ìtán=== * {{cite book | author=Tattersall, Ian, Schwartz, Jeffery | title=Extinct Humans | publisher=Westview Press, Boulder CO |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8133-3482-0}} * {{cite book|author=Larsen, Clark Spencer, Matter, Robert M, Gebo, Daniel L|title=Human Origins: the fossil record|publisher=Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL|year=1991|isbn=978-0-88133-575-0}} * {{cite web| title=Smithsonian Human Origins Program| url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/| accessdate=2006-08-29| archive-date=2006-08-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827155529/http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/| dead-url=yes}} * {{cite web|title=Prominent Hominid Fossils|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/specimen.html|accessdate=2006-08-31}} * {{cite journal | doi = 10.1006/jhev.1996.0019 | last1 = Grine | first1 = F.E. | last2 = Jungers | first2 = W.L. | last3 = Schultz | first3 = J. | year = 1996 | title = Phenetic Affinities Among Early Homo Crania from East and South Africa | url = | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 30 | issue = 3| pages = 189–225 }} ==Ìbáṣepọ̀ látìta== * [http://www.edutube.org/interactive/human-evolution-primate-fossil-finds-around-world-interactive-map Interactive map of primate fossil finds around the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222111002/http://www.edutube.org/interactive/human-evolution-primate-fossil-finds-around-world-interactive-map |date=2012-02-22 }} * [http://homepage.mac.com/wis/Personal/lectures/evolutionary-anatomy/Australopithecines.pdf Informative lecture on ''Australopithecines''] {{Human Evolution}} {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Human Evolution Fossils}} [[Category:Hominin fossils| ]] [[Category:Human]] 9b4478h0whyg6y75jx03wn9q0ot661x Microlophus albemarlensis 0 62206 632077 508245 2026-08-19T17:10:13Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Taxobox | image = Galápagos Lava Lizard 02 (cropped).jpg | image_caption = Abo ní erékùṣù Santa Fe | image2 = Galápagos Lava Lizard 01 (crop).jpg | image2_caption = Akọ ní erékùṣù Isabela | status = NE | status_system = iucn3.1 | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Reptilia]] | ordo = [[Squamata]] | subordo = [[Lacertilia]] | familia = [[Tropiduridae]] | genus = ''[[Microlophus]]'' | species = '''''M. albemarlensis''''' | binomial = ''Microlophus albemarlensis'' | binomial_authority = ([[Georg Baur|Baur]], 1890) | synonyms = *''Tropidurus albemarlensis'' <small>Baur, 1890</small> *''Tropidurus indefatigabilis'' <small>Baur, 1890</small> *''Tropidurus jacobii'' <small>Baur, 1892</small> *''Tropidurus barringtonensis'' <small>Baur, 1892</small> *''Tropidurus grayii barringtonensis'' <small>Heller, 1903</small> *''Tropidurus grayii magnus'' <small>Heller, 1903</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref name="Reptile Database"/> | range_map = Microlophus albemarlensis sensu lato distribution.svg | range_map_width = | range_map_caption = Pupa ẹ̀ ní àwọn eŕkùṣù Galápagos }} '''Alángba àpáta Galápagos''' (''Microlophus albemarlensis''), tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sí  '''Alángba àpáta Albemarle''', jẹ́ ẹ̀yà alángba àpáta tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ní [[erékùṣù]] Galápagos  níbi tí ó ti wà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ [[erékùṣù]] ìwọ̀ oòrùn archipelago: àwọn erékùṣù ńlá, Isabela, Santa Cruz, Fernandina, Santiago àti Santa Fe, àti àwọn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ erékùṣù kékèké: Seymour, Baltra, Plaza Sur, Daphne Major àti Rábida.<ref name="Reptile Database">[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Microlophus&species=albemarlensis&search_param=%28%28genus%3D%27Microlophus%27%2Cexact%29%29 ''Microlophus albemarlensis''], The Reptile Database</ref> Ó jẹ́ erékùṣù tí ó tàn káàkiri jùlọ nínú gbogbo èyà Galápagos ti ''[[Microlophus]]'', a máa ń rí àwọn tókù lẹ́ẹ̀kànkan ní àwọn erékùṣù.<ref name="SwashStill2005">{{Cite book|author1=Andy Swash|author2=Rob Still|author3=Ian Lewington|title=Birds, Mammals, and Reptiles of the Galápagos Islands: An Identification Guide|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9s3p8TfXAq8C&pg=PA120|year=2005|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-11532-1|pages=120–121}}</ref> Àwọn olùkọ̀wé míràn rò wípé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ tí wọ́n maa ń rí ní  Santiago, Santa Cruz, àti Santa Fe (tí ó wà pẹ̀pú àwọn erékùṣù kékèké) yàtọ sí àwọn ẹ̀yà (''M. jacobi'', ''M. indefatigabilis'' àti ''M. barringtonensis'').<ref name="Benavides et al 2009">Benavides,E; Baum, R.; Snell, H. M.; Snell, H. L.; and Sites, Jr., J.W. (2009). </ref> Wọ́n máa ń kó àwọn ẹ̀yà wọ̀nyí mọ́ ìdílé ''Microlophus''  ṣùgbọ́n ní ìgbà láéláè, wọ́n kó wọn pọ̀ pẹ̀lú ''[[Tropidurus]]''. == Àpèjúwe == [[Fáìlì:Male_Galápagos_Santiago_lava_lizard.jpg|left|thumb|Akọ láti erékùṣú Santiago tí ó ń ṣàfihàn ọ̀nà ọ̀fun rẹ̀ dúdú  tó rí pátapàta]] Àgba Galápagos lava lizards ma ń gùn tó bíi 50 to 100&nbsp;mm SVL (ẹnu -dé-ìdí; láì sí ìdí ẹ̀ níbẹ̀ tàbí gùn ju bẹ́ẹ̀ sí SVL) , ìtóbi sí wọn sì yàtọ káàkiri erékùṣù. Àwọn akọ ma ń tóbi ju abo lọ, tí wọ́n sì ma ń wúwo tóbi tó méjì ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan abo, ó sì ma ń tobí tó ìwọn 77 sí 91&nbsp;mm SVL, àkàwé  63–71&nbsp;mm ti obìnrin.<ref name="Stebbins et al 1967">{{Cite journal|last1=Stebbins|first1=Robert C.|last2=Lowenstein|first2=Jerold M.|last3=Cohen|first3=Nathan W.|title=A Field Study of the Lava Lizard (''Tropidurus albemarlensis'') in the Galapagos Islands|url=https://archive.org/details/ecology_late-summer-1967_48_5/page/839|journal=Ecology|date=1967|volume=48|issue=5|pages=839–851.|doi=10.2307/1933742|jstor=1933742}}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] 7mqfkhta00lkvj2742a5m6os1luzeu7 Agaricocrinus 0 62243 632015 575594 2026-08-19T15:17:10Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Carboniferous}}<ref name=fa>{{Cite web |title=The Paleobiology Database |url=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl |access-date=2016-06-27 |archive-date=2018-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818090726/http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | image= Coelocrinidae - Agaricocrinus splendens.JPG | image_caption= ''Agaricocrinus splendens'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Echinodermata]] | classis = [[Crinoidea]] | familia = [[Coelocrinidae]] | genus = '''''Agaricocrinus''''' | genus_authority = Austin 1851 }} '''''Agaricocrinus'''''  jẹ́ ìdílé crinoid tí a kò rí mọ́, tí ó wà ní ẹbí Coelocrinidae. Àwọn tí wọ́n ń gbé ní òkè  epifaunal tí wọ́n ń tòrò mọ́ nkan tí wọ́n maa jẹ yìí wà ní [[Ìgbà Eléèédú]] àti àkókó Osagean tí  United States, lati 353.8 sí 345.0 Ma. <ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Meyer, David L.|author2=Ausich, William I.|year=1997|title=Morphologic Variation within and among Populations of the Camerate Crinoid ''Agaricocrinus'' (Lower Mississippian, Kentucky and Tennessee): Breaking the Spell of the Mushroom|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-paleontology_1997-09_71_5/page/896|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=896–917|jstor=1306565}}</ref> == Àwọn ẹ̀yà tí à ṣà == * ''Agaricocrinus americanus'' Roemer * ''Agaricocrinus splendens'' Miller and Gurley == Àpèjúwe == Bíi àwọn  crinoid, ''ẹ̀yà Agaricocrinus '' maa ń ta mọ́ ojú ibi tóbà le.<ref name="Dorit">{{Cite book|title=Zoology|last1=Dorit|first1=R. L.|last2=Walker|first2=W. F.|last3=Barnes|first3=R. D.|year=1991|publisher=Saunders College Publishing|isbn=978-0-03-030504-7|pages=790–792}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] mp3m69leuqbcq1txvfytgrqqckw0iv8 ALDH1L1 0 62257 632023 573730 2026-08-19T15:27:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Protein ALDH1L1 PDB 1s3i.png|thumb|ALDH1L1]] '''10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase''' jẹ́ enzyme nínú ara àwọn ènìyàn tí  ''ALDH1L1'' gene máa ń kóòdù fún.<ref name="entrez"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10840 "Entrez Gene: ALDH1L1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L1"].</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALDH1L1&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+ALDH1L1+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+1+family%2C+member+L1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D10840&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span></ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] ==Ìwé àkàsíwájú== {{refbegin | 2}} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Lee KM, Lan Q, Kricker A |title=One-carbon metabolism gene polymorphisms and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Australia. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=122 |issue= 5 |pages= 525–33 |year= 2007|pmid= 17891500 |doi= 10.1007/s00439-007-0431-2 |display-authors=etal}} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Stevens VL, McCullough ML, Pavluck AL |title=Association of polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism genes and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence. |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=16 |issue= 6 |pages= 1140–7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17548676 |doi= 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-1037 |display-authors=etal}} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Lim U, Wang SS, Hartge P |title=Gene-nutrient interactions among determinants of folate and one-carbon metabolism on the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: NCI-SEER case-control study. |journal=Blood |volume=109 |issue= 7 |pages= 3050–9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17119116 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2006-07-034330 | pmc=1852210 |display-authors=etal}} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Oleinik NV, Krupenko SA |title=Ectopic expression of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase in A549 cells induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |journal=Mol. Cancer Res. |volume=1 |issue= 8 |pages= 577–88 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12805405 |doi= }} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Krupenko SA, Oleinik NV |title=10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, one of the major folate enzymes, is down-regulated in tumor tissues and possesses suppressor effects on cancer cells. |journal=Cell Growth Differ. |volume=13 |issue= 5 |pages= 227–36 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12065246 |doi= }} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Hong M, Lee Y, Kim JW |title=Isolation and characterization of cDNA clone for human liver 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. |journal=Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. |volume=47 |issue= 3 |pages= 407–15 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10204077 |doi= 10.1080/15216549900201433|display-authors=etal}} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_gene_1997-10-24_200_1-2/page/149 |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 |display-authors=etal}} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_gene_1994-01-28_138_1-2/page/171 |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Champion KM, Cook RJ, Tollaksen SL, Giometti CS |title=Identification of a heritable deficiency of the folate-dependent enzyme 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase in mice | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_1994-11-22_91_24/page/11338 |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=91 |issue= 24 |pages= 11338–42 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7972060 |doi=10.1073/pnas.91.24.11338 | pmc=45226 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Johlin FC, Swain E, Smith C, Tephly TR |title=Studies on the mechanism of methanol poisoning: purification and comparison of rat and human liver 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=35 |issue= 6 |pages= 745–50 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2733692 |doi= }} }} {{refend}} dn4z1qt3gzlf570v18e9efkbz9zuz4g ALDH3B2 0 62259 632133 506335 2026-08-19T18:35:52Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2''' jẹ́ enzyme nínú ara àwọn ènìyàn tí ALDH3B2 gene máa ń kóòdù fún.<ref name="pmid8890755">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hsu LC, Chang WC|title=Sequencing and expression of the human ALDH8 encoding a new member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family|journal=Gene|volume=174|issue=2|pages=319–22|date=Dec 1996|pmid=8890755|pmc=|doi=10.1016/0378-1119(96)00087-X}}</ref><ref name="pmid9161417">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hsu LC, Chang WC, Yoshida A|title=Human aldehyde dehydrogenase genes, ALDH7 and ALDH8: genomic organization and gene structure comparison|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_gene_1997_189_1/page/89|journal=Gene|volume=189|issue=1|pages=89–94|date=Jun 1997|pmid=9161417|pmc=|doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00839-6}}</ref><ref name="entrez"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=222 "Entrez Gene: ALDH3B2 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2"].</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALDH3B2&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+ALDH3B2+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+3+family%2C+member+B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D222&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span></ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] 46zfjif5enliygukuo43ca74vlwwpz0 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1 0 62260 632008 506336 2026-08-19T15:07:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial''' jẹ́ enzyme nínú ara àwọn ènìyàn tí ALDH4a1 gene máa ń kóòdù fún.<ref name="pmid8621661">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hu CA, Lin WW, Valle D|title=Cloning, characterization, and expression of cDNAs encoding human delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_1996-04-19_271_16/page/9795|journal=J Biol Chem|volume=271|issue=16|pages=9795–800|date=Jun 1996|pmid=8621661|pmc=|doi=10.1074/jbc.271.16.9795}}</ref><ref name="entrez"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8659 "Entrez Gene: ALDH4A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1"].</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAldehyde+dehydrogenase+4+family%2C+member+A1&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+ALDH4A1+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+4+family%2C+member+A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D8659&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span></ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] 4jjn597i8ktkrrqjgi3gtmj073701iw Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1 0 62261 632063 573578 2026-08-19T16:51:09Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632063 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Protein ALDH5A1 PDB 2W8N.png|thumb|]] '''Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial''' jẹ́ enzyme nínú ara àwọn ènìyàn tí ALDH5A1 gene máa ń kóòdù fún.<ref name="pmid7814412">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chambliss KL, Caudle DL, Hinson DD, Moomaw CR, Slaughter CA, Jakobs C, Gibson KM|title=Molecular cloning of the mature NAD(+)-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase from rat and human. cDNA isolation, evolutionary homology, and tissue expression|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_1995-01-06_270_1/page/461|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|volume=270|issue=1|pages=461–7|date=Jan 1995|pmid=7814412|pmc=|doi=10.1074/jbc.270.1.461}}</ref><ref name="pmid9059628">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Trettel F, Malaspina P, Jodice C, Novelletto A, Slaughter CA, Caudle DL, Hinson DD, Chambliss KL, Gibson KM|title=Human succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization|journal=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology|volume=414|issue=|pages=253–60|date=May 1997|pmid=9059628|pmc=|doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-5871-2_29}}</ref><ref name="entrez"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7915 "Entrez Gene: ALDH5A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1 (succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase)"].</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAldehyde+dehydrogenase+5+family%2C+member+A1&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+ALDH5A1+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+5+family%2C+member+A1+%28succinate-semialdehyde+dehydrogenase%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D7915&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span></ref> == Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ == Protein yìí wà ní ẹbí aldehyde dehydrogenase ti àwọn protein.  Gene yìí máa ń kóòdù fún  succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase tí ó gbójú lé NAD<sup>+</sup> ti mitochondria. Àìpóṣùwọ̀n enzyme yìí ni wọ́n ń pè ní  4-hydroxybutyricaciduria, tí kò wọ́pọ̀ nínú ìbíní tí kò ṣe rẹ́gí níbi ètò neurotransmitter tí à ń pè ní γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Lati ṣàtúnṣe àìṣe dédé yìí, omi ara ẹni tí ó ní ààrùn yìí máa ń kó GHB mọ́ra. Irú rè. méjì ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ni a dámọ̀ fún gene yìí.<ref name="entrez"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7915 "Entrez Gene: ALDH5A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1 (succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase)"].</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAldehyde+dehydrogenase+5+family%2C+member+A1&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+ALDH5A1+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+5+family%2C+member+A1+%28succinate-semialdehyde+dehydrogenase%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D7915&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span></ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} ==Ìwé àkàsíwájú== {{refbegin | 2}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Hearl WG, Churchich JE | title = Interactions between 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, two mitochondrial enzymes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_1984-09-25_259_18/page/11459 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 259 | issue = 18 | pages = 11459–63 | date = Sep 1984 | pmid = 6470007 | doi = }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Chambliss KL, Hinson DD, Trettel F, Malaspina P, Novelletto A, Jakobs C, Gibson KM | title = Two exon-skipping mutations as the molecular basis of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (4-hydroxybutyric aciduria) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-human-genetics_1998-08_63_2/page/399 | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 399–408 | date = Aug 1998 | pmid = 9683595 | pmc = 1377305 | doi = 10.1086/301964 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Hogema BM, Akaboshi S, Taylor M, Salomons GS, Jakobs C, Schutgens RB, Wilcken B, Worthington S, Maropoulos G, Grompe M, Gibson KM | title = Prenatal diagnosis of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: increased accuracy employing DNA, enzyme, and metabolite analyses | journal = Molecular Genetics and Metabolism | volume = 72 | issue = 3 | pages = 218–22 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11243727 | doi = 10.1006/mgme.2000.3145 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Aoshima T, Kajita M, Sekido Y, Ishiguro Y, Tsuge I, Kimura M, Yamaguchi S, Watanabe K, Shimokata K, Niwa T | title = Mutation analysis in a patient with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: a compound heterozygote with 103-121del and 1460T > A of the ALDH5A1 gene | journal = Human Heredity | volume = 53 | issue = 1 | pages = 42–4 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11901270 | doi = 10.1159/000048603 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Blasi P, Boyl PP, Ledda M, Novelletto A, Gibson KM, Jakobs C, Hogema B, Akaboshi S, Loreni F, Malaspina P | title = Structure of human succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene: identification of promoter region and alternatively processed isoforms | journal = Molecular Genetics and Metabolism | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = 348–62 | date = Aug 2002 | pmid = 12208142 | doi = 10.1016/S1096-7192(02)00105-1 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Novikov VD, Valova TA, Iasakova NT, Belan IB | title = [Morphological and functional characteristics of lymphocytes of mothers of children with Down syndrome] | journal = Morfologii͡A | volume = 118 | issue = 4 | pages = 74–80 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12629812 | doi = }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Akaboshi S, Hogema BM, Novelletto A, Malaspina P, Salomons GS, Maropoulos GD, Jakobs C, Grompe M, Gibson KM | title = Mutational spectrum of the succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH5A1) gene and functional analysis of 27 novel disease-causing mutations in patients with SSADH deficiency | journal = Human Mutation | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 442–50 | date = Dec 2003 | pmid = 14635103 | doi = 10.1002/humu.10288 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Plomin R, Turic DM, Hill L, Turic DE, Stephens M, Williams J, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC | title = A functional polymorphism in the succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1) gene is associated with cognitive ability | journal = Molecular Psychiatry | volume = 9 | issue = 6 | pages = 582–6 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 14981524 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001441 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Kang JH, Park YB, Huh TL, Lee WH, Choi MS, Kwon OS | title = High-level expression and characterization of the recombinant enzyme, and tissue distribution of human succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase | journal = Protein Expression and Purification | volume = 44 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–22 | date = Nov 2005 | pmid = 16199352 | doi = 10.1016/j.pep.2005.03.019 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Blasi P, Palmerio F, Aiello A, Rocchi M, Malaspina P, Novelletto A | title = SSADH variation in primates: intra- and interspecific data on a gene with a potential role in human cognitive functions | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-molecular-evolution_2006-07_63_1/page/54 | journal = Journal of Molecular Evolution | volume = 63 | issue = 1 | pages = 54–68 | date = Jul 2006 | pmid = 16786440 | doi = 10.1007/s00239-005-0154-8 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Knerr I, Pearl PL, Bottiglieri T, Snead OC, Jakobs C, Gibson KM | title = Therapeutic concepts in succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH; ALDH5a1) deficiency (gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria). Hypotheses evolved from 25 years of patient evaluation, studies in Aldh5a1-/- mice and characterization of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid pharmacology | journal = Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 279–94 | date = Jun 2007 | pmid = 17457693 | doi = 10.1007/s10545-007-0574-2 }} {{refend}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] sx8i70a1u9fq3qo0gw4mxfdvs9prwrc Aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1 0 62262 632079 506338 2026-08-19T17:12:27Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase''' jẹ́ enzyme nínú ara àwọn ènìyàn tí ALDH9A1 gene máa ń kóòdù fún.<ref name="pmid8112751">{{Cite journal|vauthors=McPherson JD, Wasmuth JJ, Kurys G, Pietruszko R|title=Human aldehyde dehydrogenase: chromosomal assignment of the gene for the isozyme that metabolizes gamma-aminobutyraldehyde|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-genetics_1994-02_93_2/page/211|journal=Hum Genet|volume=93|issue=2|pages=211–2|date=Mar 1994|pmid=8112751|pmc=|doi=10.1007/bf00210615}}</ref><ref name="pmid8786138">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lin SW, Chen JC, Hsu LC, Hsieh CL, Yoshida A|title=Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH9): cDNA sequence, genomic organization, polymorphism, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression|journal=Genomics|volume=34|issue=3|pages=376–80|date=Sep 1996|pmid=8786138|pmc=|doi=10.1006/geno.1996.0300}}</ref><ref name="entrez"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=223 "Entrez Gene: ALDH9A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1"].</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAldehyde+dehydrogenase+9+family%2C+member+A1&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+ALDH9A1+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+9+family%2C+member+A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D223&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span></ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} == Ìwé àkàsíwájú == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] bsb1x4dzxhugxqzzpx5wgoeve9duelz Anelloviridae 0 62294 632151 506444 2026-08-19T18:51:41Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = violet | name = Anellovirus | image = | image_caption = | virus_group = ii | familia = '''''Anelloviridae''''' | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =[[Alphatorquevirus]]<br> [[Betatorquevirus]]<br> [[Gammatorquevirus]]<br> [[Deltatorquevirus]]<br> [[Epsilontorquevirus]]<br> [[Etatorquevirus]]<br> [[Iotatorquevirus]]<br> [[Thetatorquevirus]]<br> [[Zetatorquevirus]] }} '''''Anelloviridae''''' jẹ́ ẹbí àwọn àkóràn kòkòrò àìlèfojúrí afàìsàn kan tí a ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ mọ́. Wọ́n kàwọ́n sí àkóràn kòkòrò àìlèfojúrí afàìsàn tí ó légungun tí ó sì ní ẹ̀wù ìdáàbòbò tí o gbó dáradára, tí ó rí róbótó, tí igun rẹ̀ jọ ara wọn, pẹ̀lú ogún igun tó jọrawọn. Àwọn ẹ̀yà wọ̀n yí jẹ́ àkóràn kòkòrò àìlèfojúrí afàìsàn ti ''torque teno '' (ìdílé ''Alphatorquevirus'').<ref name="pmid19735552">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vasilyev EV, Trofimov DY, Tonevitsky AG, Ilinsky VV, Korostin DO, Rebrikov DV|title=Torque Teno Virus (TTV) distribution in healthy Russian population|journal=Virology Journal|volume=6|issue=|pages=134|year=2009|pmid=19735552|pmc=2745379|doi=10.1186/1743-422X-6-134}}</ref> == Iye jíìnì tó ní == Iye jíìnì ẹ̀ ko pín sí wẹ́wẹ́ tí ó sì ní molecule róbóto, pẹ̀lú apá DNA kan. Gbogbo iye jíìnì rè. jẹ́ bíi  3000 sí 4000 gígun ne nucleotide.<ref>ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.107.0.01. </ref> == Ìlera == Anellovirus jẹ́ àwọn ẹ̀yà tí ó wọ́pọ̀ tí ó sì pé oríṣiríṣi. Wọ́n maa ń fa àkóràn nlá tí a kò tíì mọ ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àìsàn.<ref name="pmid20497515">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bernardin F, Operskalski E, Busch M, Delwart E|title=Transfusion transmission of highly prevalent commensal human viruses|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_transfusion_2010-11_50_11/page/2474|journal=Transfusion|volume=50|issue=11|pages=2474–2483|date=May 2010|pmid=20497515|doi=10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02699.x}}</ref> Ẹbí mẹta ni ó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àkóràn ènìya: kòkòrò àìlèfojúrí ti Torque teno (TTV), kòkòrò àìlèfojúrí pélébé ti Torque teno midi (TTMDV) àti kòkòrò àìlèfojúrí mini ti (TTMV). == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} == Àwọn àjápọ̀ latì ìta == * [//www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2011/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Anellovirus Anellovirus] ní National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings<span> (MeSH)</span> * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/00.107.0.01.htm ICTVdb] * [http://www.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_protein/772.html Viral Zone] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] 2gizpvihf79o2i507irb2q006jbr21a Kofoworola Abeni Pratt 0 62415 632043 589039 2026-08-19T16:15:32Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = Olóyè | name = Kofoworola Abeni Pratt | honorific_suffix = Hon. FRCN | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1910 | birth_place = [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]] | death_date = Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1992 | death_place = | nationality = Ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjióríà | other_names = | occupation = Olùtọ́jú aláìsàn | known_for = }} Olóyè '''Kofoworola Abeni Pratt''' Hon. FRCN (1910–1992) jẹ́ olùtọ́jú  aláìsàn tí wọ́n bí sí orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó jẹ́ olùtọ́jú aláìsàn dúdú tí ó kọ́kọ́ ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú National Health Service.<ref name="tls">{{Cite news|title=Wonderful adventures: How did Mary Seacole come to be viewed as a pioneer of modern nursing?|url=http://www.uoguelph.ca/~cwfn/short/tls-seacole.htm|accessdate=11 July 2016|work=Times Literary Supplement|date=6 December 2013|page=14-15|archivedate=4 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404064726/http://www.uoguelph.ca/~cwfn/short/tls-seacole.htm|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Ó sì jẹ igbákejì ààrẹ ti International Council of Nurses àti ènìyàn dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó má a jẹ́ Chief Nursing Officer fún Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú  Federal Ministry of Health.<ref name="Bell">{{Cite journal|title=Kofoworola Abeni Pratt; third vice-president, International Council of Nurses|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-nursing-review_1967-10_14_5/page/7|last=Bell|first=L. M.|date=October 1967|journal=Int Nurs Rev.|volume=14|issue=5|pages=7–10|pmid=4864502}}</ref><ref name="WH"><cite class="citation episode">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07jqql8 "Listener Week"]. </cite></ref> Wọ́n bí Pratt is ẹbí olókìkí kan ní Nàìjíríà, ó kàwé láti dí olùkọ́ ní United Missionary College ní [[Ìbàdàn|Ibadan]], lẹ́yìn tí bàbà rẹ̀ kò fi taratara fọwọ́sí pé kí ó ṣe iṣẹ́ ìtọ́jú aláìsàn.<ref name="Matera"/> Lati 1936 sí 1940 ó jẹ́ olùkọ́ ní Church Missionary Society girls' school ní Nàìjíríà.<ref name="Matera"/> O fẹ́ òyìnbó, Dr. E. S. O. Pratt,<ref name="Matera">{{Cite book|url=https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/24439/|title=Black Internationalism and African and Caribbean Intellectuals in London 1919–1950|last=Matera|first=Marc|date=May 2008|doi=10.7282/T38S4Q7V|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref> lẹ́yìn tí ó kọjá sí England ní ọdún 1946,<ref name="Matera"/> ó kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ nípa ìtọ́jú aláìsàn ní Nightingale School tí ó wà ní St Thomas' Hospital, ní London,<ref name="tls"/><ref name="WH"/> ó sì yege gẹ́gẹ́ bí  State Registered Nurse ní ọdún  1950.<ref name="Matera"/> Kò wọ́pọ̀ kí wọ́n gba ẹni tí ó ti lọ́kọ lati ṣisẹ́ ìtọ́jú aláìsàn ní àkókò yẹn.<ref name="WH"/> Ní àkókò rẹ̀ ní London, ó jáfáfá ní ẹgbẹ́  West African Students' Union,<ref name="Matera"/> ẹgbẹ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ́ lati àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè tó wà ní ìwọ oòrùn Afíríkà tí wọ́n ń kàwé ní United Kingdom, tí ó sì jẹ́ pé ní ọdún 1942, wọ́n jà fitafita fún òmìnira àwọn ìletò ìwọ oòrùn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.<ref name="Adi">Hakim Adi, ''West Africans in Britain 1900–1960: Nationalism, Pan-Africanism and Communism'', London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1998. </ref> Pratt padà sí orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1954.  Wọ́n yàn-án ní ògá àwọn olùtọ́jú aláìsàn lóbìrin ní University College Hospital ní Ibadan nínú ọdún mẹ́ẹ̀wá, tí ó jẹ́ pé òhun ní ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà àkọ́kọ́ tí ó má a di ipò yìí mú.<ref name="Matera"/> Ó jẹ́ alábójútó fún ètò ìléra ti ìlú èkó ní bí ọdún 1970.<ref name="Litcaf"><cite class="citation web">[http://litcaf.com/kofoworola-abeni-pratt/ "Kofoworola Abeni Pratt"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805230251/http://litcaf.com/kofoworola-abeni-pratt/ |date=2016-08-05 }}. </cite></ref> Ní ọdún  1973 ó gba ẹ̀bùn  Florence Nightingale Medal lati ọwọ́ International Committee of the Red Cross.<ref name="ICRC-73">{{Cite journal|title=Twenty-fourth award of the Florence Nightingale Medal|journal=International Review of the Red Cross|date=May 1973|issue=146|page=242|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/RC_May-1973.pdf|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref> Ààrẹ  Nigerian Red Cross Society, Sir [[Adetokunbo Ademola]], ní ó fun ní ẹ̀bùn yìí ní ọjọ́ ọkànlélógún oṣù kejìlá ọdún1973.<ref name="ICRC-74">{{Cite journal|title=Twenty-fourth award of the Florence Nightingale Medal|journal=International Review of the Red Cross|date=May 1974|issue=147|page=250|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/RC_May-1974.pdf|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1979 wọ́n sọọ́ dí ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Royal College of Nursing; èyí tí wọ́n fi dáa lọ́la<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://rcn.funnelback.co.uk/search/click.cgi?rank=1&collection=rcn-meta&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcn.org.uk%2F-%2Fmedia%2Froyal-college-of-nursing%2Fdocuments%2Fcouncil-documents%2Fprofessional-development%2Ffellowship-roll-of-honour.pdf&index_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcn.org.uk%2F-%2Fmedia%2Froyal-college-of-nursing%2Fdocuments%2Fcouncil-documents%2Fprofessional-development%2Ffellowship-roll-of-honour.pdf&auth=M1Tbp8h%2FCwu%2BVMfa0sJVMQ&search_referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.rcn.org.uk%2F&query=roll%20of%20honour&profile=_default&identifier=1468232596.29709 "RCN Fellowship and Honorary Fellowship Roll of Honour"]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (PDF). </cite></ref> Ó kú ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1992.<ref>{{Cite news|title=In the estate of Kofoworola Abeni Pratt deceased|url=http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/newspaperRetrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateAscend&tabID=T003&prodId=TTDA&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R1&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28tx%2CNone%2C22%29Kofoworola+Abeni+Pratt%24&retrieveFormat=MULTIPAGE_DOCUMENT&userGroupName=lancs&inPS=true&contentSet=LTO&&docId=&docLevel=FASCIMILE&workId=&relevancePageBatch=IF501975871&contentSet=TDA&callistoContentSet=TDA&docPage=article&hilite=y|accessdate=11 July 2016|work=The Times|date=24 April 1993|page=16|subscription=yes}}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1910]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1992]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] 3yshmdwrd57texmjubcjswbnq31cloe Boyland–Sims oxidation 0 62433 632134 577844 2026-08-19T18:37:05Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boyland–Sims oxidation''' jẹ́ ìdàpapọ̀ ṣiṣẹ́ kẹ́míkà ti àwọn aniline pẹ̀lú alkaline potassium persulfate, tí ó jẹ́ pé lẹ́yìn dídomi sí rẹ̀ ó maa di  ''ortho''-hydroxyl àwọn aniline.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Boyland|first1=E.|last2=Manson|first2=D.|last3=Sims|first3=Peter|title=729. The preparation of o-aminophenyl sulphates|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)|date=1953|pages=3623|doi=10.1039/jr9530003623}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Boyland|first1=E.|last2=Sims|first2=Peter|title=The oxidation of some aromatic amines with persulphate|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)|date=1954|pages=980|doi=10.1039/jr9540000980}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Behrman, E. J.|journal=Org. React.|year=1988|volume=35|pages=421–511|doi=10.1002/0471264180.or035.02|title=The Persulfate Oxidation of Phenols and Arylamines (The Elbs and the Boyland-Sims Oxidations)|isbn=0471264180}}</ref> [[Fáìlì:Boyland-Sims_Oxidation_Scheme.png|center|500x500px|The Boyland-Sims oxidation]]  ''Ortho''-isomer ló maa ń jẹyọ. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ''para''-sulfate maa jẹyọ ní bíntí pẹ̀lú àwọn analine kan .<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Boyland, E.|author2=Sims, P.|author3=Williams, D. C.|journal=Biochem. J.|year=1956|volume=62|pages=546–50|pmid=13315210|title=The oxidation of tryptophan and some related compounds with persulphate|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biochemical-journal_1956-04_62_4/page/546|issue=4|pmc=1215958}}</ref> == Ètò ìdàpọ̀ ṣiṣẹ́ == Behrman ti fihàn pé oun àkọ́kọ́ tí a maa rí nínú  Boyland–Sims oxidation ni jíjẹyọ arylhydroxylamine-O-sulfate ('''2''').<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Behrman, E. J.|journal=[[J. Org. Chem.]]|year=1992|volume=57|pages=2266|doi=10.1021/jo00034a016|title=The ortho-para ratio and the intermediate in the persulfate oxidation of aromatic amines (the Boyland-Sims oxidation)|issue=8}}</ref> Àtúntò zwitterionic yìí maa jẹ́ kí a rí ortho- sulfate ('''5'''), tí a maa domisí lati lè rí ortho-hydroxyl aniline. [[Fáìlì:Boyland-Sims-Oxidation.svg|center|500x500px|The mechanism of the Boyland-Sims oxidation]] == Ìwé àkàsíwájú si == * {{Cite journal|last=Behrman|first=Edward J.|date=|title=On the Mechanism of the Boyland-Sims Oxidation|url=http://www.sciencereviews2000.co.uk/view/journal/progress-in-reaction-kinetics-and-mechanism|journal=Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism|publisher=Science Reviews 2000 Ltd|volume=39|issue=3|year=2014|pages=308–310|doi=10.3184/146867814X14062204626705|access-date=|archivedate=2016-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716153749/http://www.sciencereviews2000.co.uk/view/journal/progress-in-reaction-kinetics-and-mechanism|deadurl=yes}} == Tún wo == * [[Elbs persulfate oxidation]] == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn àyọkà chemistry]] b57s59mawgbmsojvjuyy1q4f6m80nl4 Paternò–Büchi reaction 0 62442 632067 507298 2026-08-19T16:57:57Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632067 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:Paterno-Büchi_Ü_V.2.svg|thumb|400x400px|Here an electronically excited carbonyl group is added to a ground state olefin yielding an oxetane.]] '''Paternò–Büchi reaction''' tí wọ́n sọ lórúkọ Emanuele Paternò àti George Büchi  tí ó ṣẹ̀dá lílò àti ìrísí rẹ̀, jẹ́ àdàpọ̀ kẹ́míkà ṣiṣẹ́ tí ó maa ń di ẹgbẹ́ oxetane róbótó mẹ́rin lati carbonyl àti alkene.<ref name="Paterno">{{Cite journal| author= E. Paterno, G. Chieffi |journal=Gazz. Chim. Ital. | volume=39 |pages=341 |year=1909}}</ref><ref name="Bvchi">{{Cite journal |title=Light-catalyzed Organic Reactions. I. The Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds with 2-Methyl-2-butene in the Presence of Ultraviolet Light| author=G. Büchi, Charles G. Inman, and E. S. Lipinsky |journal=[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] |volume=76 |issue=17|pages=4327–4331 |year=1954 |doi=10.1021/ja01646a024}}</ref><ref name="Thorsten">{{Cite journal |title= Stereoselective Intermolecular [2 + 2]-Photocycloaddition Reactions and Their Application in Synthesis|url= https://archive.org/details/sim_synthesis_1998-05_5/page/683| author=Thorsten Bach| journal= Synthesis |volume=1998 |pages=683–703 |year=1998 | doi=10.1055/s-1998-2054}}</ref> Pèlú èròjà benzaldehyde àti 2-methyl-2-butene àbáyọrí rẹ̀ ní àdàpọ̀ ìrị́sí àwọn isomer: : [[Fáìlì:Paterno-Büchi_Ü_V.5.svg|550x550px|unsymmetric reaction]] Àwọn èròjà míràn ni benzaldehyde àti furan<ref name="Thompson">''Paternò–Büchi Reaction as a Demonstration of Chemical Kinetics and Synthetic Photochemistry Using a Light Emitting Diode Apparatus'' Matthew P. Thompson, Jonathan Agger, and Lu Shin Wong Journal of Chemical Education 2015 92 (10), 1716-1720 doi:[[doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00129|10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00129]]</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn àyọkà chemistry]] 50zs1hzemtornctt4gfc8mt6yyd0fwo Emilio Estevez 0 62452 632012 508092 2026-08-19T15:12:26Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Emilio Estevez | image = Emilio Estevez Venice 2006 crop.jpg | caption = Estevez at the [[Venice Film Festival]] in 2006 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|05|12}} | birth_place = [[Staten Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. | residence = [[Malibu, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actor, director, screenwriter, producer, [[vintner]] | years_active = 1979 – present | spouse = {{marriage|[[Paula Abdul]]<br>|1992|1994|end=div}} | partner = Carey Salley <small>(1983–1986)</small><br>Sonja Magdevski <small>(2006–March 2015)</small> | children = 2 (with Carey Salley) | parents = [[Martin Sheen]] <br>[[Janet Sheen|Janet Templeton]] | family = [[Ramon Estevez]] {{small|(brother)}}<br>[[Renée Estevez]] {{small|(sister)}} <br> [[Charlie Sheen]] {{small|(brother)}} }} '''Emilio Estevez''' jẹ́ òṣèré filmu àti atọ́kùn filmu ará Amẹ́ríkà.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Blum |first=David |authorlink=David Blum |date=June 10, 1985|title=Hollywood's Brat Pack |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-york_1985-06-10_18_23/page/40 |journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |volume= |issue= |pages=40–47}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} {{igbesiaye|1962||Estevez, Emilio}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] go4tybup5k9gizzbbh9wbrqt0u9qe2e Anti-nRNP 0 62470 632061 507357 2026-08-19T16:45:49Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anti-nRNP''' jẹ́ irú adojú ìjà kọ àrùn.<ref name="pmid15804705">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Migliorini P, Baldini C, Rocchi V, Bombardieri S|title=Anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibodies|journal=Autoimmunity|volume=38|issue=1|pages=47–54|date=February 2005|pmid=15804705|doi=10.1080/08916930400022715|url=http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/08916930400022715&magic=pubmed&#124;&#124;1B69BA326FFE69C3F0A8F227DF8201D0}}</ref><ref name="pmid3258271">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brennan FM, Andrew EM, Williams DG, Maini RN|title=Anti-nRNP anti-nuclear antibody-secreting cells are represented in the B-lymphocyte repertoire of normal and MRL/MP-lpr/lpr lupus mice|journal=Immunology|volume=63|issue=2|pages=213–7|date=February 1988|pmid=3258271|pmc=1454531|doi=|url=}}</ref> Wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn adojú ìjà kọ àrùn tí ara maa ń dédé ṣètò rẹ̀ lati dojú ìjà kọ àwọn ribonucleoproteins.<ref name="pmid9144522">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Satoh M, Richards HB, Hamilton KJ, Reeves WH|title=Human anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigen autoimmune sera contain a novel subset of autoantibodies that stabilizes the molecular interaction of U1RNP-C protein with the Sm core proteins|journal=J. Immunol.|volume=158|issue=10|pages=5017–25|date=May 1997|pmid=9144522|doi=|url=http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9144522}}</ref> Ẹ̀yà  Anti-nRNP jẹ́ adojú ìjà kọ snRNP70 (wọ́n ń pèé ní '''anti-snRNP70'''). Adojú ìjà kọ Anti-snRNP70 lè lọ sókè ní àrùn  mixed connective tissue.<ref name="pmid3722833">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Negoro N, Kanayama Y, Takeda T, Koda S, Inoue T|title=A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of nRNP immune complexes|journal=J. Immunol. Methods|volume=91|issue=1|pages=83–9|date=July 1986|pmid=3722833|doi=10.1016/0022-1759(86)90105-5|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-immunological-methods_1986_91_1/page/83}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist|2}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Immunology]] a07dnd2g1kfbeh2o5cjgosv3fuumdu0 Ayazi syndrome 0 62476 632018 507419 2026-08-19T15:20:07Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayazi syndrome''' (tàbí '''Chromosome 21 Xq21 deletion syndrome''')<ref name=":0"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.omim.org/entry/303110 "OMIM Entry - # 303110 - CHOROIDEREMIA, DEAFNESS, AND MENTAL RETARDATION"]. ''www.omim.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> àmìn àrùn tí a maa ń rí bí ènìyàn bá ní àrùn choroideremia, ìdití abínibí àti ìsanrajù. == Àmin ìdánilójú == * Àìpé ọpọlọ * ìdití latinú oyún * Ìsanrajù<br> * Choroideremia * àìrí ìràn dáradára<br> * Àrun ojú<br> == Ìmọ̀ nípa abínibírẹ̀ == Wọ́n ṣàpèjúwe bí ìbíni mọ́ Ayazi syndrome jẹ́ x-linked recessive. CHM àti POU3F4, ni àwọn gíìnì tó sọnù ní ipò  Xq21 locus tí wọ́n wà.<ref name=":0"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.omim.org/entry/303110 "OMIM Entry - # 303110 - CHOROIDEREMIA, DEAFNESS, AND MENTAL RETARDATION"]. ''www.omim.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} * {{Cite journal|author=Ayazi S|title=Choroideremia, obesity, and congenital deafness|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-ophthalmology_1981-07_92_1/page/n114|journal=Am J Ophthalmol|year=1981|pages=63–69|volume=92|issue=1|pmid=7258279}} * {{Cite journal|vauthors=Merry DE, Lesko JG, Sosnoski DM, Lewis RA, Lubinsky M, Trask B, van den Engh G, Collins FS, Nussbaum RL|title=Choroideremia and deafness with stapes fixation: a contiguous gene deletion syndrome in Xq21|journal=Am J Hum Genet|year=1989|pages=530–540|volume=45|issue=4|pmc=1683514|pmid=2491012}} * http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/a/ayazi_syndrome/symptoms.htm == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ látìta == * Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man'<span> (OMIM) </span>[http://omim.org/entry/303110 303110] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àrùn]] gu5ablam81vb1r0886lrxq0miaxxggh Hepatocellular carcinoma 0 62531 632007 576023 2026-08-19T15:06:38Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | Name = Hepatocellular carcinoma | Image = hepatocellular carcinoma 1.jpg | Caption = Hepatocellular carcinoma in an individual who was [[hepatitis C]] positive. [[Autopsy]] specimen. | field = [[Oncology]] | ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|22|0|C|22}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|155}} | ICDO = {{ICDO|8170|3}} | MedlinePlus = 000280 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 787 | MeshID = D006528 }} '''Hepatocellular carcinoma''' ('''HCC'''), tí a tún pè ní '''malignant hepatoma''', jẹ́ àrùn jẹjẹrẹ inú ẹ̀dọ tó wọ́pọ̀. Àwọn ìdí tí àrùn yìí lè fi wáyé ní nípasẹ̀ àkóràn kòkòrò jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ ([[Jẹ̀dọ̀jẹ̀dọ̀ B]] tàbí  C), àwọn ohun tó lòdì sára bíi ògógóró tàbí  aflatoxin, àwọn ìpò bíi  hemochromatosis àti alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency or NASH.<ref><cite class="citation book">Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A (editors) (2015). </cite></ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} == Ìwé àkàsíwájú si== * {{cite web |url=http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-primary-hepatocellular-carcinoma?source=see_link |title=Long-term results of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an update of the University of Padova experience |date=September 23, 2013 |deadurl=no |accessdate=6 February 2014}} * {{cite journal|author1=Bruix, Jordi|author2=Sherman, Morris|title=Management of hepatocellular carcinoma|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_hepatology_2005-11_42_5/page/1208|journal= Hepatology|volume=42|issue=5|pages=1208–1236 |date=November 2005|doi= 10.1002/hep.20933 |pmid=16250051|last3=Practice Guidelines Committee}} * Liu, Chi-leung, M.D., [http://www.fmshk.com.hk/article/596.pdf "Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415085108/http://www.fmshk.com.hk/article/596.pdf |date=2021-04-15 }}, ''The Hong Kong Medical Diary'', Vol.10 No.12, December 2005 Medical Bulletin [[Ẹ̀ka:Àyọkà kúkurú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àrùn]] p3q48af0po2pq0anllhme1xxxblhqtm Lawrence Anini 0 66437 632128 596418 2026-08-19T18:28:21Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Nomanyagbon Anini''' (c. 1960 – March 29, 1987) <ref name="ncjrs">{{cite journal|url=https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=116195|title=Wound Ballistics, Reasonable Force and Anini's Incapacitation|author=P E Igbinovia|journal=International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice|date=Spring 1988|volume=12|issue=1|pages=131–135|doi=10.1080/01924036.1988.9688886|access-date=2018-04-30|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094731/https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=116195|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Jẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè Nàjíríà tí ó jẹ́ adigun-jalè aṣèrùbàlú ilẹ̀ Ìbìní (Benin) ní ọdún 1980s, òun pẹlú abẹ́sinkáwọ́ rẹ̀ Moday Osunbor. Ìjọba mú Lawrence Aníní látàrí àwọn ìwà ìbàj̣ẹ́ rẹ̀, wọ́n sì paá. == Ìgbésí Ayé rẹ̀ == Wọ́n bí Lawrence Aníní ní abúlé kan tí kò ju ǹkan bí ogún ibùsò lọ láti Ìlú Bìní (Benin) tí ó jẹ́ olú ìpínlẹ̀  Ẹdó (Edo State). Aníní, ni gbogbo ènìyàn tún pè ní 'The Law' tàbí 'Obvigbo'. Ó ṣe àtìpo  wá sí ilè Ìbìní nígbà kékeré rẹ̀, tí ó sì ḳọ́ bí wọ́n ṣe ń wa ọkọ̀ lẹyìn èyí ni ó di awakọ̀ Agbérò (Taxi Driver) tó yanrantí. Ó di gbajú-gbajà ní ibùdókọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ó lè darí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ọmọ gànfẹ̀ ọlọ́kọ̀ náà. lẹ́yìn-ò-rèyìn, ó bèrè iṣẹ́ tí ó lodì sí òfin, tì ́ó sì di ọ̀daràn nípa bíbá àwọn ọdaràn ènniyàn bi: àwon ikọ̀ bàbá ìsàlẹ̀ àti àwọn adigun-jalè kó ẹrù òfin. Kò pẹ́, ló pinnu láti dá dúró gégé bíi ọ̀gá láyè ara rẹ̀ tí ó sì fa àwọn ènìyàn bíi : Monday Osunbor, Friday Ofege, Henry Ekponwan, Eweka and Alhaji zed zed tàbí Zegezege mọ́ra láti bá wọn ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ bèrè níbi jíja ọkọ̀ gbà, alọ́ni-lọ́wọ́gba ińú ọkọ̀-èrò. lẹ́yìn èyí ni ó pẹ̀ka rẹ̀ dé abúlé àti ìletò pẹ̀lú gú́sù àti àríwá ilẹ̀ Ìbìní. ìkúnlápá tí àwọn Ọlọ́pàá ń ṣe fún ọ̀gbẹ́ni Aníní ni a gbàgbọ́ wípé ó jẹ́ kí ìwà ìdún-kokò àti ìṣẹ̀rùbàlú rẹ̀ ó peléke sí nị́ 1986, nígbà tí ọwọ́ tẹ méjì lára àwọn abẹ́ṣin-káwọ́ rẹ̀ tí wọ́n sì fojú balé ẹjọ́ tí ilé ẹjọ́ sì fì ìyà tó tọ́ jẹ wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn ọlọ́pàá nípa fí fìdí òkodoro ẹjọ́ múlẹ̀ nílé ẹjọ́ láì wo ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ owó àbẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ tí Aníní ti fún wọn. Látàrí ìwà àgbẹ̀yìn-bẹbọ-jẹ́ tí àwọn ọlọ́pàá hù sí yìí ló jẹ́ kí ó fa ìbínú yọ ní oṣú August 1986 nípa ṣíṣàkọlù sí ilé ìfowó-pamọ́ ní èyị́ tí ọlọ́pàá kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ (Nathaniel Egharevba)  àti àwọn mélòó kan pàdánù ẹ̀mí rẹ̀ sínú àkọlù náà ní fọná-fọnṣu. Nínú oṣù yí kan náà ni àwọn ọlọ́pàá méjì kan náà tún tókú lá lọ́wọ́ ìbọn Aníní nígbà tí wón ń gbìyànjú láti da ọkọ́ rẹ̀ dúró ní ojú pópó. láàrín oṣù mẹ́ta, Aníní ti gbẹ̀mí lẹ́nu ọlọ́pàá mẹ́sàán. == Ìlọ́nilọ́wọ́-gbà Aníní == Nínú àkọlù tí ó wáyé ní August 1986,  Aníní àti àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀ kolu ilé ìfowó-pamọ́ First bank, Sabongida-Ora, níbi tí wọ́n ti kó ẹgbẹ̀rún méjì #2,000. ṣùgbọ́n bí owó tí wọn jíkó yìí kò ṣe tó mutí fún wọn nà́́à ni wọ́n pa ọ̀gọ̀ọ̀rọ̀ ènìyàn nínú àkólu náà pèlú. Nígbà tí ó di oṣù September 6 ọdún yìí kan náà ikọ̀ Aníní já ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ Pijó 504 (Peugeot 504) kan gbà lọ́wọ́ ọ̀gbẹ́ni Albert Otoe tí wọ́n sì ṣekú paá tí wọ́n sì gbé òkú rẹ̀ pamọ́ síbìkán, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ awakọ̀ igbákejì ọ̀gá àgbà ọlọ́pàá pátápátá (Assistant Inspector of Police), Christopher Omeben. lẹ́yìn  ǹkan bí oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn ikú awakọ̀ yìí ni wọ́n tó rí òkú rẹ̀ ní ibùsò méèdógún ní òpópónà márosẹ̀ Benin sí Agbo.  Ní ọjọ́ kejì tí Aníní àti àwọn ikọ̀ rẹ̀ gba ọkọ̀ ọgá ọlọ́pàá yìí ni ó tún fi ọkọ̀ Pàsáàtì tí ó jẹ́ wípé ó já gbà ló tún fi já ọkọ̀ Pijó 504 mìíràn gbà nítòsí ilé àjọ FEDECO, ní Bìní. Ọjọ́ meji lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yí, àwọn ikọ̀ Aníní pa ọlọ́pàá méjì ní ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Orhiowon ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà. Nínú oṣù yí bákan náà, àkọlù mẹ́ta ó̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ tún wáyé ní eyi tí ó ń tọ́ka sí iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ Aníní, lára àwọn tí wón gbẹ́mìí mì  nínu akolú náà ni Frank Unoarmi, ẹni tí ó ṣíṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn Nigerian Observer, Ìyáfin Rèmí Ṣóbánjọ, onímọ ìjìnlẹ̀ Ìṣirò, àti bí wọ́n ṣe tún já ọkọ̀ Mèsí-Olóyè (Mercedes Benz kan tí ó jẹ́ tí Ọba Ovie tí ìlú Ugheli. Ṣáájú kí oṣù Sepetember 1986 ó tó tẹnú-bepo, Aníní ya wọ ilé epo kan ní òpópónà Wire Road, Bìní níbi tí ó gba owó ọjà tí wọ́n tà lọ́jọ́ náà, tí ó sì yìnbọn fún ọ̀kàn lára àwọn òṣìṣé ibẹ̀, lẹ́yìn èyí ni ó bèrè sí ní fọ́n owó fún àwọn ènìyàn kí won lè jẹ́ kó rọ́nà lo.Àkọlù Aníní tí ó paba-n-barì jùlọ ni èyí tí ó wáyé ní àyájọ́ ọ̀jọ̀ Òmìnira Ilẹ̀ Nàìjííríà (October 1,1986) nígbà tí Kọmíṣánà àwọn Ọlọ́pàá fún ìpínlẹ̀ Ìbìní Casmir Igbokwe nígbà tí ikọ̀ Aníní dènà dèé tí ó sì kù gín-ń-gín kí wọ́n fi ọta ìbọn já imú kọmíṣánà náà dànù. Ṣùgbọ́n ewú  hu ọ̀gá ọlọ́pàá náà pẹ̀lú egbò oríṣiríṣi lára rè.Bákan náà, ṣáájú àkọlù sí ọ̀gá ọlọ́pàá yìí ni àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn  Aníní ti fìbọn gbẹ̀mí ọlọ́pàá kan láàrín ìgboro Bìní. "Òfin" gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìnagijé rẹ̀, ó gbìyànjú láti sá mọ́ àwọn ọlọ́pàa ́lọ́wọ́ pẹ̀lú bí ó ṣe fi ọkọ̀ rẹ̀ sí àwà-sẹ́yiǹ láti Agbo ([[Ìpínlẹ̀ Dẹ́ltà|Delta State]]) títí dé ìgboro Ìbìní (Edo State). Bákan náà ní oṣù October 21 ọdún 1986, Aníní àti àwọn ẹ̀gbẹ́ adigunjalè rè gba ẹ̀mí akọ́ṣé-mọṣé oníṣègùn òyìnbó kan ọ̀gbẹ́ni A.O Emojeve nígbà tí ẃn yinbọn fun nị agbègbè Textile Mill ní ìgboro Ìbìní. Síwájú síi, wón digun-jalé ní ilé ìfowó-pamọ́ African Continental Bank tí wọ́n sì kó ǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́tàdín-láàdọ́ta náírà #46,000. Ní ọjọ́ kejì ̀akọlù yìí, Aníní sọ ara rẹ̀ di bàbá kérésì pèlú bí́ ó ṣe ń fọ́n owó fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn bàbá-lójà àti ìyá-lọ́jà ní abúlé kan tí ó wà ní ìtòsí́ Ìbìní. Báyìí ni òkìkí Aníní bère sí ń tàn ká bí ìràwọ̀ ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá, tí ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ tẹ̀wọ̀n ju ti Ishola Oyènúsì ìgárá ọlọ́ṣà tí ń kólé ọba lójú-mọmọ, tí ò lògbà ní 1970s àti ti ìgárá ọlọ́ṣà Youpelle Dakuro, tí ó jẹ́ arógun sá ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ Nàìjííríà kan tí ó wà nídìí ìdigun-jalè ọ̀sán gan-gan kan tó wáyé ní ìgboro Èkó ní 1978, nínú àkọlù-kọgbà tí ọlọ́pàá méjì ti sọ èmị́ wọn nù. Bákan náà ni a tún gbọ́ wípé Aníní kọ oríṣiríṣi lẹ́tà sí àwọn ilé-iṣé ìgbóhùn-sáfẹ́fẹ́ tí ó sì ń dínbọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí olóṣèlú lạ́ti ṣàfihàn ìwà ìdigun-jalè rẹ̀ gbogbo. Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè ìgbà náà láyé ológun Ọ̀gágun [[Ibrahim Babangida]] wá ń kọminú púpọ̀ lórí bí adigun-jalè afẹ̀mí ṣòfò Aníní ṣe ń da ìlú rú, ló bá pàṣe pé kí àwọn ọmọ ogun ilè ó ṣe àwárí rè tòun tàwọn ìsọmọgbè rè ní eye-ò-sọkà. Báyìí ni àwọn ọlọ́pàá bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ń ṣe ìwádìí ọ̀tẹlèmúyẹ́ lóríṣiríṣi ní ìpínlẹ̀ Bende tí àwọn afurasí náà ń gbé lásìkò náà. Lásìkò yìi gan ni gbogbo Nàìjííríà wá wà ní ìbẹ̀rù tí wọ́n sì ń kọminú lórí àwọn adigun-jalè náà pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ wọn. pẹ̀lú gbogbo ìdààmú-dàabo àwọn ọlọ́pàá lórí mímú àwọn ìgárá ọlọ́s̀à náà ló já sí pàbó. Ẹ̀wẹ̀, ń ṣe ni wọ́n tún gbèrú si. Sị ìyàlẹ́nu, ń ṣe ni àwọn ará agbègbè Bẹ́ndẹ̀ ṇ sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn ìgárá ọlọ́ṣà náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí apá ìjọba kò lé ká, nígbà tí Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè Ọgágun Ibrahim Babangida kọjú sí Ọ̀gá àgbà àwọn ọ́lọ́pàá yán-yán  Etim Inyang lẹ́yìn ìpàdé àpéjọpọ̀ àwọn ológun ìyẹn Armed Forces Ruling Council pé ọ̀gbẹ́ni, Aníní tí mo ní kí o mú fún mi ń kọ́? Lásìkò yìí gan ni àwọn ìwé ìròyìn àti àwọn ìwé àtèjáde ojoojumọ́ ilẹ̀ Nàìjííríà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní gbé àwọn ìròyìn ọ̀lọ́kan-ò-jọ̀kan nípa Aníní tí wọ́n sì ń pèé ní oríṣiríṣi orúkọ kànkà-kànkà gẹ́gẹ́ bí: 'Ìpèníjà Aníní', 'Ìròyìn Aníní', 'Òkodoro Aníní', 'Ọ̀gbẹ́ni náà-Lawrence Aníní', 'Aníní Ìbẹ̀rù' 'Aníní Jack the Ripper' àti 'Ọ̀gbẹ́ni Aníní: Robin Hood ti Bendel', àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́è lo. Kódà, ìwé ìròyìn [[The Guardian]] bèrè wípé : Ǹjẹ́ wọ́́n ha lè rí ọ̀gbẹ́ni Òfin tí ń jẹ́ Aníní mú bí? == BÍ wọ́n ṣe mú Aníní == Lẹ́yìn ò rẹ̣yìn Superintendent Káyọ̀dé Uanreroro ló ṣakin, ó sì fi wa egbò dẹ́kun sí ìwà ìṣẹ̀rùbàlú Aníní àti àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀. Ọ̀gá ọlọ́pàá yì mú ògbóntagì ọlọ́ṣ̀a yìí ní December 3, 1986, ní ojúlé kẹrìndínlógún òpópónà Oyemwosa, tí ó dojú kọ ilé-ìwé alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀r̀ẹ Iguodala, Bìní. Anini ni o wa pelu awon obinrin mefa. Awon olopaa ya wo inu ile ti Anini fi se ibuba naa latari ofofo ti awon aladuugbo se fun awon olopaa. Oga olopaa naa lo mu Anini pelu iko awon olopaa mewa pere. Oga olopaa naa lo kan ilekun iyara ti Anini wa ti oun naa si si lekun woorowo leni ti o wo pata nikan. Won mu Anini sikun ti oun naa ko si bawon janpata pupo, sugbon ohun ti a gbo ni wipe ore-binrin re kan lowo si bi awon olopaa se ri mu. Obinrin naa ti ba awon ogun ati awon nkan agbara re kan je saaju ki awon olopaa to de. N se ni oro naa dabi ti Samsoni inu bibeli ni. Iyalenu lo je fun Anini fun ra re bi won se ba lojiji, ti oun naa si fe da bi ogbon nigba ti won beere lowo re ibi ti Anini wa, oni: "Ahh, o ti sa pamo si abe ibusun ni iyara keji"  bi o se so bayi tan o gbiyanju lati koja lara oga olopaa naa, sugbon iyen da lowo ko nigba ti o kan oga olopaa naa ni igbo, amo asise nla gbaa ni fun. Uanrenroro sare fi ese te atanpako ese re mole, o fa ibon yo o si ro bajinatu si ni koko-se. Anini gbiyanju lati bo mo won lowo sgbon awon olopaa toku mu so bi eran ti won si n yin ibon fun ni kose-kose debi wipe kokose re ohun fere ja kuro lara re latari ojo ibon ti o baa nibe. Anini kee tirora tirora, awon olopaa tun wa beere lowo re wipe : " Se iwo ni Anini?" oun naa wa fesi wipe : "Wo omo iya mi, mi o ni tan e, mi o si ni paro fun e,emi ni Anini. Lati ibi ni won ti mu lo si ile agbara awon olopaa ni bi ti apase awon olopaa pata pata ti n duro lati fidi ododo re mule pe looto ni won ri Anini mu. fu asiko ti Anini fi wa ni ahamo awon olopaa, ede adamodi geesi ni o fi n soro tori ko lo si ile-iwe kankan. Bayii ni o bere si ni tu awon asiri kan fun awon olopaa nipa awon ise laabi ti oun ati awon iko re ti seyin, o tun fidi re mule wipe igbakeji re Osunbo lo yinbon fun Oga awon olopaa ipinle naa tele iyen Akagbosu Won gbe Anini lo si ogba itoju awon ologun latari ojo ibon ti won ro si ni koko-se, leyi to sokunfa ki wo bi won se ge ese naa kuro. won ri igbakeji re Osunbof naa m ni ojo aje ose keji nigba ti won tu gbogbo ibuba awon olosa naa. Won ri nkan ogun to lagbara orisirise ko paa pa julo eyi ti Anini ma n wo sidi re nigba ti o ba digun-jale lowo. O seni laanu wipe Anini Iberu to n ko jini-jini oun iberu ba gbogbo ilu wa deni ti o sunkun bi omo owo nigba ti won fi si ahamo ti ko si ni anfani lati tawo si awon ohun ija oloro re, ti o si n jewo awon ese re bi oponu. O ya opo eniyan lenu wipe Anini le di ko tonkan loju muju-muwa. == Bí àṣírí Ìyámù àti àwọn mìíràn ṣe tú == Laipe ti owo te Anini ati awon isongbe re, n se ni won bere si ni tu awon asiri ikoko to wa laarin awon ati awon olopaa to je agbode-gba fun won bi won se n tu awon asiri ise abenu olopaa fun awon ni ipinle naa ti won si tun n gba awon ni imoran ona ti awon le gbe ise laabi awon gba ti owo ko fi ni ba won rara. Anini daruko oga olopaa Iyamu gege bi eni ti olopaa to ma n ko ibon ati awon ohun ija oloro miiran fun awon lasiko ise buburu won. Anini ko sai menu baa wipe Iyamu ma n dara po mo won lati pin ninu gbogbo ohun ti won ba ri ko bo lati ibise won. O te siwaju nipa bi Iyamu se gbimo lati pa Igbakeji alamojuto agba awon olopaa iyen Christopher Omeben, ni eyi ti o je pe awako re Otue ni won ri pa. Sergent Iyamu ti Anini ati awon omoleyin re ma n saba pe ni 'Baba' ni o ti ko ile alaruru si igboro Benin pelu orisirisi ohun to ti ri pin ninu gbogbo ohun ti awon olosa naa ti n ri ko lateyinwa. == Ìgbẹ́jọ́ àti ìdájọ́ iḱú Aníní == Wọ́n gbe Anini dé ilé ẹjọ́ lórí aga arọ látàrí ẹsẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wọ́n ba gé kúrò títí wọ́n fi parí ìgbẹ́jọ́ rẹ̀. Ọ̀gbẹ́ni Iyamu ní tirẹ̀ jiyàn wípé òun kò mọ Anini rí débi wípé òun yóò ba dòwò pọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n Anini kọ̀ jálẹ̀ wipe iró ni Iyamu ń pá, ó sìn bú Iyamu wipe: 'òpùrọ́ aláìlójúgì. Ṣùgbọ́iẹ́ígbà Bíe ọ́n ṣrììdájọ́ò ìí, íwájọ́niwájọ́ adajìdíamẹ̀s úlẹ̀-Aípéeẹjọ́leóeóò tùlọa í álegbàgbéebí nọ́nigáońo ọ̀rọ̀iìwàtọ̀daràtiọí ̣pílẹ̀l- èdèàáìí, Adájọ́ wípé òóòá ẹ́íìrántí júburú-án aọrỌjọ́reọkàndínlógúA ninṣùyoẹ diọdúi male gbagbe ti won ba n sọ́no iwẹ̀yìnarọn ni àgbá ede yii, sugbon yoo je iranti to buru julo. Mo si mo wipe perete tabi ki a ma ri eni ti yoo fun omo re ni iru Anini yii. Ojo kokandinlogbon, osu keta odun 1987 (March 29,1987) ni won fi eyin won ti agba. == Àwọn Ìtọ́ka sí == {{Reflist}} * {{Cite journal|last=Marenin|first=Otwin|date=June 1987|title=The Anini Saga: Armed Robbery and the Reproduction of Ideology in Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1987-06_25_2/page/259|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=25|issue=2|pages=259–281|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000380|DOI=10.1017/S0022278X00000380|jstor=161014|JSTOR=161014}} * http://ntrends.com.ng/crime-life-of-lawrence-anini-notorious-armed-robbers/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104141638/http://ntrends.com.ng/crime-life-of-lawrence-anini-notorious-armed-robbers/ |date=2016-11-04 }} {{igbesiaye|1960|1987|Anini Lawrence}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọ̀daràn ará Nàìjíríà]] 0jykxobg6airxo54rjo3zckne44u88g Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Equatorial Guinea 2 66671 632002 631647 2026-08-19T14:46:51Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632002 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Equatorial Guinea who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21328595 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21328595/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21328595/P580:Start date,P39/Q21328595/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | [[Ignacio Milam Tang]] | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Ignacio Milam Tang (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q251902|Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q477201|Teodoro Nguema]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue 20250718 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q602837|Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1149802|Cándido Muatetema Rivas]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1353126|Miguel Abia Biteo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2201806|Vicente Ehate Tomi]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3177434|Jeronimo Osa Osa Ecoro]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5057941|Celestino Bonifacio Bacale]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5481126|Plácido Micó Abogo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | 1999-03-07 | 2004-04-25 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7193770|Pilar Buepoyo Boseka]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17198388|Santiago Nchama]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24761111|Francisco Pascual Obama Asue]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Primer Ministro Obama (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q33126427|Ángel Masié Ntutumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]]<br/>[[Spéìn]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q36908601|Agustín Nze Nfumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Agustín NZE NFUMU.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42907516|Evangelina Oyo Ebule]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q100786539|Teresa Efua]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103916285|Práxedes Rabat Makambo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104556350|Gaudencio Mohaba Mesu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108426370|Miguel Oyono]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109985224|Francisca Tatchouop Belobe]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Francisca Tatchouop Belob.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q112054486|Diosdado Vicente Nsue Milang]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128466|Jacinta Mbang Nguema]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128467|Jesusa Obono]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128468|Trinidad Mbulito]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128471|Asunción Eyang]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128473|María Del Carmen Andeme Ela]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128474|Victoriana Nchama]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128475|Margarita Alene Mba]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128476|Anacleta Oyana]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128477|Pilar Asangono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128478|Bernardita Anguesomo Ekekang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128479|Magdalena Eyang Ondo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128480|Teofilo Nguema Esono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128481|Leoncio Panades García]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128482|Hilario Sisa Torres]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128483|Ciriaco Tamarite Burgos]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128484|Francisco García Gaetjens]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128485|Amado Nguema Owono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128486|Fortunato Nzambi Machinde]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128487|Santiago Ngua Nfumu Eyang]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128488|Bonifacio Manga Obiang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128489|José María Andjimi Ondo Becheng]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128490|Marcelino Oyono Ntutumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128491|Mauricio Bokung Asumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128492|Florencio Mayanga Mbela]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128493|Samuel Ateba Owono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128495|Esteban Ndong Membia]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128497|Francisco Mabale Nseng]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128499|Santiago Hinestrosa Beholi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128500|Celestino Mansogo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128501|Domingo Antonio Nve Mba]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128502|Florencio Gerardo Ondo Ekang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128503|Luis Oyono Esono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128504|Buenaventura Monsuy Esono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128505|Francisco Abaha Ndong]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128506|Teófilo Ondo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128507|Atanasio Ela Ntugu Nsa]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128508|Manuel Sima Nneme]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128509|Antonio Nculu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128510|Leandro Ela Biyang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128511|Miguel Edjang Angue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128512|Angel Alogo Nchama]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128513|Benjamín Pablo Ndong Mibui]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128514|Mariano Esono Ondo Mibui]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128515|Santiago Engonga Ndong]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128516|Alejandro Envoro Ovono]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128517|Demetrio Elo Ndong Nsefumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128518|Francisco Asumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128519|Severino Ondo Nguema]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128520|Bathó Obam Nsue Mengue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128521|Alejandro Evuna Owono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128523|Salomón Nguema Owono]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128524|Cristóbal Meñana Ela]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128525|Luciano Asumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128526|Angel Esono Abaha Mangue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128527|Carlos Eyi Obama Nsang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128528|Fidel Marcos Mañe]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128529|Antonio Fernando Nve Ngu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128530|Jaime Ela Ndong]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128531|Guillermo Obama Nze]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128532|Elías Ondo Edjo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128533|Félix Monsuy Engo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128534|Juan Fernando Nvara Enonga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128535|Alejandro Edu Bee]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128536|Federico Edjo Ovono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128537|Jose Manuel Akono Monsuy]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128539|Pablo Abaga Mangue]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128540|Angel Masie Mibuy]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128541|Lucas Nguema]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128542|Mariano Obiang Nsang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128543|Carmelo Modu Akuse]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128544|Antonio Ndiba Avomo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128545|Fortunato Ofa Mbo Nchama]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128546|Basilio Edu Nguema Nsang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128547|Filiberto Nsue Mibimi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128548|Pelayo Ondo Ndong]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128549|Gabriel Mba Bela]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128550|Francisco Mba Olo Bahamonde]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128551|Alfonso Nsue Mokuy]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133738|Faustino Endaman Mba]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133740|Antonio Ndong Nfa Mbuy]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133742|Joaquín Mba]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133743|Serafin Ondo Maye]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133744|Eulogio Mongoro Mañana]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133746|Jose Venancio Eyene Ona]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133750|Eugenio Nse Obiang]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133751|Santos Oba Obama]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133756|Vicente Abeso Mbuy]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133757|Juan Agustin Ndong Nve]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133758|Antonio Edu Edu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133759|Juan Benito Monsuy Edu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133760|Jose Mbo Abeso Abegue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133762|Lamberto Owono]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133764|Gabriel Orobiyi Bankole]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133765|Agustjn Massoko Abegue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133766|Tomas Mba Monabang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133767|Jesús Mitogo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133768|Isaias Loka Siale]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133769|Pelayo Eribo Kubakuba]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133770|Benjamin Mitogo Bielo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133771|Venancio Kami Fogata]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133772|Cresencio Tamarite Castaño]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133773|Damaso Coral Zamora]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133774|Maximiliano Martin Meko A.]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133775|Jose Ma Ondo Oyono Eyang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133776|Santiago Esua Nko]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q116458145|Archivaldo Montero Biribé]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | 1999 | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128553|Eulogio Oyo Riquesa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128554|Hermógenes Ejapa]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128555|Francisco Masa Belope]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112128556|Aniceto Ebiaka Moete]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133265|Miguel Mba Nzang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133372|Adoracion Salas Chonco]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133373|Agapito Obama Bee Ondo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133375|Alfredo Mitogo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133377|Amancio Mitogo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133378|Amparo Mele Collfa]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133379|Angela Asuncion Mbasogo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133380|Anita Mbasogo Obiang]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133381|Anselmo Sepa Mbamuala]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133382|Antonia Mbang Ndong]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133383|Bartolomé Meñe]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133384|Bernardo Abaga Ndong]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133385|Carmelo Nguema Ntutumu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133386|Clementina Edayong Ndong]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133387|Conrado Okenve]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133388|Constantino Obiang]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133389|Consuelo Ondo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133390|Crispín Engono]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133391|David Mba Edu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133392|Dolores Nchama Sima]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133393|Enriqueta Nze Miko]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133394|Epifanio Ndong Sima]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133395|Eusebio Ipiko Penda]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133397|Federico Abaga Ondo Nfono]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133398|Feliciano Nvo Oluy]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133399|Felicitas Samuel Ndong Mangue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133400|Felisa Amadi Suakín]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133401|Fellz Angoso Bakale]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133402|Fernando Obiang Angüe]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133403|Filiberta Pilar Bekari]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133404|Fillberto Nguema Afugu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133406|Gabriel Bee Ndong Mengue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133407|Gabriel Membila Borilo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133409|Gregorio Esono Miko]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133410|Guadalupe Nchama Ela]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133411|Heriberto Matuku Amagro]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133412|Hermes Ela Mifumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133413|Hipolito Mba Sima]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133414|Isabel Eraul Ivina]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133416|Jesus Evuy Monsuy]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133418|Jesus Engonga Ndong Eyono]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133419|Jesús Mba Nguema]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133421|Jose Antonio Esono Obiang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133422|Jose Emillo Ndong Mesie]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133423|Jose Pablo Nvo Owono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133424|Josefina Medja Nzeng Mangue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133425|Juan Asumu]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133427|Juan Jose Alais Esin]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133428|Juan Ondo Nse Medja]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133429|Juan Roku Enumbie]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133430|Juan Zacarias Ondo Bindang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133431|Lamberto Owono Maye]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133432|Leonor Bula Epam Biribe]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133433|Luis Edjang Nkumu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133434|Manuel Nguema Muanayong]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133435|Manuela Ayang Ntonga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133436|Marcos Mitogo Mba Avomo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133437|Margarita Ayeto]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133438|Maria Luisa Sima Mangue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133439|Mariano Nvo Ndong Nchama]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133440|Metodio Mbasogo Mangue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133441|Miguel Botey]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133442|Olegario Opo Biaho]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133443|Pedro Cristino Bueriberi]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133444|Pedro Ondo Mitogo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133445|Reginaldo Asu Mangue]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133446|Robustiano Momocobo Tale]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133447|Rufino Camarero Pelayo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133448|Salomon Nfa Ndong Nseng]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133450|Salvador Bengono Bengono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133451|Salvador Bonsundi Mabale]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133452|Salvador Ela Ndong Mbuy]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133453|Salvador Nguema Mangue]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133454|Santiago Casto Nvomo Bibang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133455|Santiago Gabriel Oscar Nsue Mokuy]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133456|Santiago Nguema Abaga]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133457|Santiago Ondo Esono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133458|Silvestre Abaga Eyang]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133459|Tiburcio Ndong]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133460|Venancio Kami Mokata]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133461|Victor Ondo Nso Mbasogo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133709|Benigna Otugu Ndong]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133710|Mónica Angue]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133713|María Consuelo Nguema]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133715|Nuria Lucía Beholi]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133718|Gloria Ada Mba]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133723|Pelagia Abeso Tomo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133724|Ma Gorreti Mangue Etoho]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133728|Ramiro Pedro Nsue Nfumu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133729|Reginaldo Esono Afugu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133730|Jose Antonio Esono Abeso Maquina]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133731|Fernando Angosso Bacale]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133733|Saturnino Enguan Eman]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133734|Benjamin P. Esawong Ekom]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133735|Luis Mansogo]]'' | | [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112133737|Benjamin Bakale Ncara]]'' | | | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} hr8uwfhw7uwz63g73btyi5nwbvtg3wi Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Guinea 2 66698 632195 630720 2026-08-20T08:08:42Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632195 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a President of Guinea who was President twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295985 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21295985/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295985/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295985/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q323086|Aboubacar Somparé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | [[Jean-Marie Doré]] | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2289977|Siradiou Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3358505|Ousmane Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2013 | 2020 | [[Fáìlì:Ousmane Gaoual Diallo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3510611|Sékou Kouréissy Condé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | [[Fáìlì:Sékou Koureissy CONDE.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5351372|El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim Gushein]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 1995 | 2008-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6666650|Loffo Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Loffo Camara - 1962.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16186605|Sekou Benna Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q87442540|Nanfadima Magassouba]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2013 | 2020 | |- | ''[[:d:Q88863811|Djéné Saran Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2013-09-28 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q96621736|Aboubacar Soumah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q96678661|Aly Kaba]]'' | olóṣèlú, Guinea | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96678697|Ibrahima Deen Touré]]'' | olóṣèlú, Guinea | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96678700|Elhadj Dembo Sylla]]'' | olóṣèlú, Guinea | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96695282|Domani Doré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q99399482|Oyé Béavogui]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-01 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109310549|Abdoulaye Bernard Keita]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109318712|Aboubacar Adama Sylla]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109321066|Moustapha Diané]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109321083|Thierno Aliou Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109321431|Togba Traoré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109321463|Elhadj Baila Ly]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109321466|Antoine Kadouno]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109321676|Hadja Djakagbè Kaba]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109322199|Marie Madeleine Kamano]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109322223|Souleymane Touré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109538043|Abou Traoré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109609655|Aboubacar Soumah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111520113|Fatoumata Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2026-07-26 | | [[Fáìlì:Fatoumata Diallo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111543965|Dominique Kpoghomou]]'' | | [[Guinea]]<br/>[[Kánádà]] | 2026-07-26 | | [[Fáìlì:Dominique Kpoghomou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111550712|Ibrahima Sory Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123985730|Mamadou Baadiko Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123986837|Meta Traoré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123986912|Mohamed Diop]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123986946|Sékou Minkaïlou Conté]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987064|Amara Traoré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987157|Cheik Fantamady Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987176|Fodé Abass Cissé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987192|Elhadj Ibrahima Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987208|Ibrahima Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987308|Mamadou Dian I Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987327|Mamadou Saliou Kanté]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987345|Mamadou Saliou Baldé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987404|Samouka Bérété]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987429|Marie Kenneth Guilavogui]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987446|Zoupé Zogbélémou]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987468|Mathieu Kpogomou]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987867|Abdoulaye Kaba]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987891|Eva Kross]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987942|Balla Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987970|Ibrahima Sory Traoré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123987995|Facely Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988023|Lanceï Diakité]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988038|Sory Sow]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988123|Daouda Sidibé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988265|Mamady Kandé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988286|Togba Zogbélémou]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01-14 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988295|Aissatou Bobo Baldé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988307|Michel Kamano]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988325|Momo Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988333|Mohamed Tounkara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988512|Souleymane Keita]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-03-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988551|Bakary Diakité]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988735|Moussa Bangoura]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-03-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988797|Ramatoulaye Labo Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-03-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988811|Tokpa Jean Kolié]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123988819|Mansa Samaoro]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123989294|Moussa Soumah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123989298|Malick Sylla]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123989302|Fatoumata Barry]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123989304|Abdoulaye Sanoh]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123989307|Mamadou Saliou Sow]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-03-05 | [[Fáìlì:Mamadou Saliou Sow.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q123989325|Mamadou Alpha Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123989330|Boubacar Sidighi Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123989333|Moustapha Kaba]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2021-04-22 | 2024-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123989334|Elhadj Mamadou Dian Barry]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2020-11-18 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991647|Mamadou Kaly Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991670|Morlaye Sylla]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991691|M’Ballou Fatoumata Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991706|Sata Diakité]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-06-03 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991742|Bouna Keita]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991748|Mohamed Lamine Kaba]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991754|Elhadj Ibrahima Sila Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991769|Pépé Koulémou]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991773|Sâa Kossa Touré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991786|Fodé Mohamed Soumah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2013-09-28 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991807|Boubacar Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123991818|Saliou Bella Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124024843|Mamadou Diawara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2013-09-28 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124080518|Joe Bébéto]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124149389|Fatoumata Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124159815|Abdourahmane Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124173086|Fodé Soumah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124212059|Louceny Fofana]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2020-05-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124218166|Bandian Neyba Condé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124218179|Bandjou Oularé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124220104|Kaka Sékou Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124248187|Mamady Sidibé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124248197|Hawa Eva Sylla]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124249407|Seydouba Maciré Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124252328|Nestor Kagbadouno]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2020-04-22 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257619|Souleymane Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2021-09-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124358206|Baidy Aribot]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124358285|Mamadou Salim Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124358957|Thierno kadiatou Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124369298|Mohamed Aliou Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124369399|Assiatou Diallo Bah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124369466|Jamsedine Baldé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124369488|Mamadou Cellou Baldé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | [[Fáìlì:Cellou Baldé.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q124369500|Alpha Mamadou Baldé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124370540|Mamadou Alpha Baldé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124370561|Ibrahima Bangoura]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124370772|Saikou Yaya Barry]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124371021|Aissatou Barry]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124371171|Thierno Abdourahmane Barry]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124373640|Sékou Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124373787|Abdourahamane Sinkoun Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124374261|Daouda David Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124374513|Mamadouba Tawel Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124374662|Fatoumata Boh Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124378124|Moriba Gopou Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124378167|Momo II Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124378189|Amara Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124378254|Saloum Cisé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124378267|Sidiki Cissé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124378282|Fatoumata Tonguino Cissoko]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124378305|Mamadou N'fa Condé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124378340|Aliou Condé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124382166|Naby Nouhan Condé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124382187|N’vayanga Condé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124382220|Abdoulaye Diouma Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124387812|Dian Bailo Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124387883|Mamadou Dian Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124388029|Abdoulaye Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124388053|Amadou Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124388142|Fatoumata Binta Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124388536|Alpha Ousmane Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124388650|Mamadou Kenda Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124388661|Alpha Mohamed Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124391078|Hawa Binta Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124391086|Hamadou Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2013-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124391116|Fatoumata Binta Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124391118|Mamadi Diawara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124391129|Abdoulaye Doukouré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124391133|Mohamed Aly Doumbouya]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124391136|Demba Fadiga]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395447|Fodé Oussou Fofana]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395455|Fofana Marie Anne]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395627|Sory Haba]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395678|Mohamed Lamine Kamissoko]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395693|Mamadi Kandé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395727|Diao Kanté]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395820|Ben Youssouf Keita]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395893|Sékou Konaté]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395910|Nantènin Konaté]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124395925|Bangaly Kourouma]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124398848|Lancinet Sény Kourouma]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124398890|Holomo koni Kourouma]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124399058|Anne-Marie Mansaré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124399164|Fodé Amara Maréga]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124399243|Aly Nabé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124399367|Abdoul Karim Oularé]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124401845|Sékou Savané]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124401888|Aissata Soumah]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124401911|Mamadou Diouldé Sow]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124401958|Alpha Sylla]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124401989|Abdoulaye Sylla]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124466377|Pépé Toupou]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2022-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124466406|Ibrahima Sory Touré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2013-09-28 | 2020-02-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124466453|Christian Sinata Touré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124466506|Fodé Mangué Touré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2014-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124466538|Yaya Traoré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124466557|Djessira Traoré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124467441|Djantou Traoré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124467482|Kalemodou Yansané]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124467509|N’faly Yaradouno]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124467539|Bakary Goyo Zoumanigui]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | 2014-01 | 2020-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321650|Kelety Doumbouya]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321758|Boubacar Siddighy Diallo]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323488|Ousmane Dadi Kamara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323518|Thérèse Tolno]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323626|Mamadou Téré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323702|Hawa Koné Diarré]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323770|Mohamed Khalil Bangoura]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323829|Alseny Kolia Sylla]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323885|Souleymane Bangoura]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140324013|Kadiatou Hawa Camara]]'' | | [[Guinea]] | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 20y5q4ajddlw35gp6kpuyg6a9lzyua0 Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Kenya 2 66707 632072 631668 2026-08-19T17:02:25Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632072 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the National Assembly who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q17510786 } |section= |sort=P39/Q17510786/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q17510786/P580:Start date,P39/Q17510786/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | [[Wangari Maathai]] | | ''[[:d:Q2538511|Kenya Colony]]''<br/>[[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Wangari Matthai 2001 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Mwai Kibaki]] | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1974<br/>1963 | 2013-01<br/>2013-03-28 | [[Fáìlì:Mwai Kibaki (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Raila Odinga]] | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992-12-29 | 2013-01-17 | [[Fáìlì:Raila Amolo Odinga 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58188|Moses Wetangula]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Moses Wetangula (Moses Francis Masika Wetang'ula) of the Republic of Kenya in 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q121708|Moses Mudavadi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q195725|William Ruto]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:William Ruto 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] | olóṣèlú, Kẹ́nyà | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2003-01 | 2013-01 | [[Fáìlì:PMO IMG 5262 (40547346173) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q346046|Elijah Lagat]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2007 | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q447119|Wesley Korir]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2013-03-28 | 2017-07-16 | [[Fáìlì:Wesley Korir 2012 Boston Marathon.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q457713|Newton Kulundu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q469641|Grace Emily Akinyi Ogot]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q539821|Charity Ngilu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Hon. Charity Kaluki Ngilu at Opening Session.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q593552|Michael Kijana Wamalwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2003 | [[Fáìlì:Wamalwapotr.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q645228|Jaramogi Oginga Odinga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q710549|Arthur Magugu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q733817|George Saitoti]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:George Saitoti (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q743818|David Kimutai Too]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q860562|Bildad Kaggia]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Bildad Kagia. Nairobi. 1949.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1030776|Mohamed Yusuf Haji]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2003 | 2013-03 | [[Fáìlì:Yusufhaji.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1175814|David Musila]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1372633|Gitobu Imanyara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1999 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1395018|Kalonzo Musyoka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1985 | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:Kalonzo Musyoka1.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1507950|George Muhoho]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1708590|Joshua Orwa Ojode]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1954003|Musalia Mudavadi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Musalia Mudavadi, Prime Cabinet Secretary and Cabinet Secretary for Foreign and Diaspora Affairs of Kenya, at the Department of State in Washington, D.C. on February 1, 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2013243|Oburu Odinga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2189073|Raphael Tuju]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2287087|Simeon Nyachae]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2607345|Kenneth Marende]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Meira Kumar meets the Speaker of the Parliament of Kenya, Mr. Kenneth Marende, EGH, during the 56th Conference of Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, in Nairobi, Kenya, on September 14, 2010.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2662202|Mugabe Were]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2823023|Achieng Oneko]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Jomo Kenyatta Apa Pant and Acheing Oneko.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2843930|Amos Kimunya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Amos Kimonya, IMF 2006.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3113007|Grace Onyango]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Grace Onyango Kenyan MP.png|center|128px]] |- | [[Martha Karua]] | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:Martha Karua.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3706976|Dick Wathika]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | 2010-04-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3898130|Paul Ngei]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | [[Moody Awori]] | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Moody Awori.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4540107|Charles Njonjo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1980 | 1983 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4591769|Koigi wa Wamwere]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4663137|Ababu Namwamba]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Hon Ababu Namwamba taking oath of office as Minister for Sports and Youth Affairs before President Mwai Kibaki at Harambee House, Nairobi 2013-08-23 17-37.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4664957|Yusuf Hassan Abdi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Yusuf Hassan Abdi (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4664971|Abdikadir Hussein Mohamed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4664992|Abdirahman Ali Hassan]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4665260|Abdul-Ali Bahari]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4670109|Abu Chiaba]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4680594|Adan Keynan Wehliye]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>1997 | 2002 | [[Fáìlì:Wehiye, Adan Keynan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4682154|Aden Bare Duale]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Kenya Defense Cabinet Secretary Aden Duale at the Kenya Ministry of Defense in Nairobi, Kenya on September 25, 2023 - 230925-D-PM193-2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4682177|Aden Sugow]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4696013|Ahmed Shakeel Shabbir Ahmed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4705081|Sam Ongeri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Sam Ongeri (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4717538|Alex Muthengi Mwiru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4723008|Alfred Khang'ati]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4723231|Alfred Odhiambo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4723395|Alfred Sambu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4725044|Ali Mohamud Mohamed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4807410|Asman Kamama]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4812751|Atanas Keya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4861331|Barnabas Muturi Mwangi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4887267|Benedict Fodo Gunda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4888887|Benjamin Jomo Washiali]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4897658|Beth Wambui Mugo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2007 | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:Beth Wambui Mugo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4931560|Boaz Kipchumba Kaino]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4942502|Bonny Khalwale]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5000973|Burudi Nabwera]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5021394|Calist Andrew Mwatela]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5056517|Cecily Mutitu Mbarire]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Cecily Mutitu Mbarire.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5076212|Charles Keter]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Hon’ble Charles Keter shakes Yukiya Amano's hand (05010387) (46039052902) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5079790|Charles Kilonzo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5080381|Charles Lugano]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5081173|Charles Mutisya Nyamai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5081372|Charles Onyancha]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Charles Onyancha.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5082206|Charles Rubia]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5101863|Chirau Ali Mwakwere]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5107549|Chris Murungaru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1998 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5107643|Chris Okemo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5112986|Christopher Obure]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | [[Fáìlì:Christopher Obure.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5131357|Clement Kungu Waibara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5131380|Clement Muchiri Wambugu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5200387|Cyprian Ojwang Omollo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5201109|Cyrus Jirongo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5211525|Dalmas Otieno]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5218210|Daniel Muoki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5218224|Daniel Musyoka Mutinda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5221098|Danson Mungatana]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5221099|Danson Mwazo Mwakulegwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5222951|Darius Msagha Mbela]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1998 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5233422|David Eseli Simiyu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2013-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5233438|David Ethuro]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Ekwee David Ethuro Senate of Poland 2015 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5236093|David Koech]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5237863|David Mwaniki Ngugi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5237864|David Mwiraria]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:David Mwiraria, IMF 2004.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5240969|David Were]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5346713|Edwin Ochieng Yinda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5360552|Elias Mbau]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5360973|Elijah Mwangale]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5363291|Elizabeth Ongoro]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5371996|Emillio Kathuli]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5382308|Ephraim Maina]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5385013|Erastus Kihara Mureithi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5401255|Esther Murugi Mathenge]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5407838|Eugene Wamalwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Eugine Ludovic Wamalwa.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5415878|Evans Akula]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5429550|Fahim Yasin Twaha]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5434731|Farah Maalim Mohamed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Faaraxsave.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5443920|Ferdinand Waititu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2015-05-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5455562|Fitz Remedios Santana de Souza]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5480460|Francis Chachu Ganya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5481874|Francis Masakhalia]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5482591|Francis Thombe Nyammo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5491306|Franklin Bett]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Franklin Bett.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5491660|Franklin Linturi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5495322|Fred Gumo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1994 | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5495634|Fred Kapondi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5498498|Frederick Outa Otieno]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5499421|Fredrick Oduya Oprong]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5536384|George Anyona]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5541326|George Khaniri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5545223|George Thuo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5559628|Gideon Mung'aro]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5559630|Gideon Ndambuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5561019|Gilbert Kabere M'mbijiwe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5576439|Godfrey Gitahi Kariuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5584340|Gor Sunguh]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5679565|Hassan Ali Joho]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5724462|Henry Kosgey]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6076813|Isaac Mulatya Muoki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6077048|Isaac Ruto]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6117200|Jackson Kiptanui]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6122859|Charles Njagua Kanyi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6134603|James Gichuru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6137496|James Kwanya Rege]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6138825|James Maina Kamau]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6140626|James Ondicho Gesami]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6140628|James Omingo Magara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6140639|James Orengo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2002 | [[Fáìlì:James Orengo in 2024.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6147903|Jamleck Irungu Kamau]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Hon Jamleck Kamau.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6180863|Jeremiah J.M. Nyagah]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6180925|Jeremiah Ngayu Kioni]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6238091|John Harun Mwau]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2007 | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:Harun-mwau.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6243378|John Koech]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6248686|John Michuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:John Michuki.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6249843|John Munyes]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6250396|John Ngata Kariuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2007-12 | 2010-10 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6251185|John Olago Aluoch]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6252609|John Pesa Dache]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6268381|Johnson Nduya Muthama]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Johnstone Muthama.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6283465|Joseph Gachoki Gitari]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6285854|Joseph Nyagah]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6285933|Joseph Ole Nkaissery]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6285990|Joseph Oyugi Magwanga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6287763|Joseph Wamukoya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6288275|Josephat Karanja]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6288277|Josephat Koli Nanok]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6289987|Joshua Kutuny]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6297432|Joyce Cherono Laboso]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2008-09-25 | 2017-08-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6309902|Julius Kipyegon Kones]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6309933|Julius Lekakeny Sunkuli]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6309975|Julius Murgor]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6343844|Kabando wa Kabando]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6377793|Katoo Ole Metito]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6405280|Kiema Kilonzo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6406813|Kilemi Mwiria]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6414629|Kipkalya Kones]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1988 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6414697|Kiprono Langat]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6414699|Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1990 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6414781|Kiraitu Murungi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6418829|Kivutha Kibwana]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6418830|Kivuti Maxwell]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6514327|Lee Kinyanjui]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6536911|Lewis Nguyai Nganga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6550225|Linah Kilimo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Linah Jebii Kilimo, Chair of anti-FGM Board, Kenya, speaking at the Girl Summit 2014 (14724900665).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6681363|Lorna Laboso]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6696106|Lucas Chepkitony]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6701602|Luka Kigen]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6759579|Margaret Kamar]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6759998|Margaret Wanjiru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6776584|Martin Shikuku]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6780919|Mary Wambui]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2013-03-28 | 2017-08-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6791519|Matthias Benedict Keah]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1988 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6799567|Mbadi John Ng'ongo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6799700|Mbiyu Koinange]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6848880|Mike Sonko]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2010-09-20 | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:Sonko in 2023.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6891252|Nassir Ali Mohamed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6891260|Mohamed Ibrahim Elmi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6891343|Mohamed Maalim Mohamud]]'' | | [[Ẹritrẹ́à]]<br/>[[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:MohamedMaalimMohamud.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6893179|Mohammed Kuti]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6915674|Moses Akaranga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6933478|Mukhisa Kituyi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Mukhisa Kituyi - 2013.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6937046|Munyua Waiyaki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6939960|Musa Sirma]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6943746|Mutava Musyimi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Mutava Musyimi with Children in Gachoka.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6944629|Mwalimu Masudi Mwahima]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6944671|Festus Mwangi Kiunjuri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6961671|Namesyus Warugongo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6967675|Nassir Nuh Abdi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6983763|Ndiritu Muriithi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6990527|Nelson Gaichuhie]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7025073|Nicholas Biwott]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1979 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7025483|Nicholas Gumbo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7041983|Nixon Kiprotich Korir]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Langata mp.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47493958|Mathenge James Kanini Kega]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493961|Ben George Orori Momanyi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493962|Johana Ngeno Kipyegon]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493964|Bady Twalib Bady]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493967|Suleiman Dori]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | 2020-03-09 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493970|George Theuri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493974|Paul Simba Arati]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493977|William Kamuren Chirchir Chepkut]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493981|Sylvanus Maritim]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493985|Cornelly Serem]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493987|Samuel Onunga Atandi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Samuel Atandi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47493990|John Walter Owino]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Hon. Walter Owino (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47493992|Onesmas Kimani Ngunjiri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493997|Abdi Omar Shurie]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494001|Joshua Chepyegon Kandie]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494007|Nelson Koech]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494008|Innocent Momanyi Obiri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494010|Zadoc Abel Ogutu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494192|Miruka Ondieki Alfah]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494197|Ronald Kiprotich Tonui]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494199|Beatrice Pauline Cherono Kones]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494200|John Oroo Oyioka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>2015-05-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494201|Gideon Ochanda Ogolla]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494205|Raphael Bitta Sauti Wanjala]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494208|Moses Wekesa Mwambu Mabonga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494212|Japheth Kiplangat Mutai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494217|Nicholas Scott Tindi Mwale]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494219|Joseph H Maero Oyula]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494223|Mugambi Murwithania Rindikiri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494224|Moses Nguchine Kirima]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494225|Gideon Kimutai Koske]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494228|Wilson Kipngetich Kogo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494231|Patrick Munene Ntwiga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494238|Mohamed Dahir Duale]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494245|John Kiarie Waweru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:John Kiarie Waweru.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47494250|Benjamin Gathiru Mwangi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494255|Owino Paul Ongili Babu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494260|Julius Musili Mawathe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494265|Alexander Kimutai Kigen Kosgey]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494270|Jeremiah Omboko Milemba]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494273|Abdikhaim Osman Mohamed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494280|Wilberforce Ojiambo Oundo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494291|Said Buya Hiribae]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494292|Teddy Ngumbao Mwambire]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494295|Ali Wario Guyo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494298|Joseph Nduati Ngugi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494304|Annie Wanjiku Kibeh]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494306|Elisha Ochieng Odhiambo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494307|Robert Gichimu Githinji]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494309|Martha Wangari Wanjira]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494311|Gabriel Kago Mukuha]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494313|George Peter Opondo Kaluma]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494314|Cyprian Kubai Iringo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494318|Richard Maore Maoka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>1992 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494319|John Paul Mwirigi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494321|Sophia Abdi Noor]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494323|Benard Masaka Shinali]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2013-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494329|Hassan Oda Hulufo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494330|Abdi Koropu Tepo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494331|Francis Munyua Waititu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494335|James Githua Kamau Wamacukuru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494338|Eve Akinyi Obara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494339|Mark Lomunokol]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494341|Joshua Kivinda Kimilu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494347|Elijah Memusi Kanchory]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>2015-05-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494350|Joseph Wathigo Manje]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494354|Metito Judah Katoo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494355|George Risa Sunkuyia]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494361|Paul Kahindi Katana]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494365|Clement Muturi Kigano]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494373|Fabian Kyule Muli]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494377|Oscar Kipchumba Sudi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494383|Andrew Adipo Okuome]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494386|Mercy Wanjiku Gakuya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494389|Charles Ong'ondo Were]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494393|James Kipkosgei Murgor]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494399|Daniel Kipkogei Rono]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494400|Christopher Aseka Wangaya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494404|Paul Koinange]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | 2021-03-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494407|Jude L Kangethe Njomo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494410|Kenneth Odhiambo Okoth]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | 2019-07-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494415|Jessica Nduku Kiko Mbalu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494421|Patrick Mweu Musimba]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>2013-10-17 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494424|Ruth W Mwaniki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494428|Samson Ndindi Nyoro]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:NDINDI.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47494431|Anthony Kimani Ichung`wah]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494435|Owen Yaa Baya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494438|Richard Ken Chonga Kiti]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494444|Thaddeus Kithua Nzambia]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494446|Didmus Wekesa Barasa Mutua]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494460|Chrisantus Wamalwa Wakhungu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494464|Benjamin Dalu Stephen Tayari]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494467|Zachary Kwenya Thuku]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494470|Kirui Joseph Limo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494471|Hilary Kiplang'at Kosgei]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494473|John Munene Wambugu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494478|Ali Menza Mbogo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494480|Fred Odhiambo Ouda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494484|Benson Makali Mulu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494493|David Mwalika Mboni]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7042423|Njenga Karume]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Njenga Karume 060808-N-0411D-015.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7042468|Njoki Susanna Ndung'u]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2003 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Njoki Ndungu.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7042591|Nkoidilla Lankas]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7045471|Noah Wekesa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Noah Wekesa - 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7052649|Norman Nyagah]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7067636|Ntoitha M'mithiaru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7071124|Nyiva Mwendwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Hon. Charity Kaluki Ngilu at Opening Session.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7089757|Omar Mbwana Zonga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7108730|Otieno Kajwang]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1998 | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:Gerald Otieno Kajwang Tartus, 9. mai 2014 - Foto Lilian Lukka.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7146063|Patrick Ayiecho Olweny]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7146899|Patrick Kariuki Muiruri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7152646|Paul Muite]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7152844|Paul Otuoma]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7168746|Peris Chepchumba]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7172546|Peter Anyang' Nyong'o]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Kisumu Governor Anyang Nyong'o giving speech.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7173815|Peter Edick Omondi Anyanga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7175166|Peter Kenneth]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Assistant Minister Peter Kenneth.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7175181|Peter Kiilu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7175990|Peter Munya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Peter Munya - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7176115|Peter Njoroge Baiya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7176116|Peter Njeru Ndwiga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1335242|Embu County]]'' | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7176118|Peter Njuguna Gitau]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7176205|Peter Ochieng Odoyo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7176221|Peter Oloo-Aringo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | [[Fáìlì:Peter Oloo-Aringo 1986.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7183298|Philip Leakey]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225856|Pollyins Ochieng Anyango]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7288734|Ramadhan Seif Kajembe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7293983|Raphael Lentimalo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7327862|Richard Momoima Onyonka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7346378|Robert Kiptoo Kipkorir]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7348145|Robert Onsare Monda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7353047|Robinson Njeru Githae]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Robinson Njeru Githae.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7405193|Sally Kosgei]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7409808|Sammy Mwaita]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7411903|Samuel Kambi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7425832|Sasura Hussein Tarry]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7514201|Silas Muriuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7519199|Simon Lesirma]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7555005|Soita Shitanda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7563913|Sospeter Ojaamong]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7599814|Stanley Munga Githunguri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7672799|Taaitta Toweett]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7791963|Thomas Ludindi Mwadeghu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7809140|Tiras Nyingi Ngahu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2012-09 | 2017 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7926175|Victor Munyaka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7959445|Wafula Wabuge]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7972008|Washington Jakoyo Midiwo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8000077|Wilber Otichilo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Portrait Image of Dr. Wilber Khasilwa Ottichilo - 2nd and Current Governor of Vihiga County.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q8001838|Wilfred Machage]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8001849|Wilfred Moriasi Ombui]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8013849|William Kabogo Gitau]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2010<br/>2002 | 2013<br/>2007 | [[Fáìlì:William Kabogo Gitau.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q8014046|William Kipkorir]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | 2025-02-15 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8016314|William Odongo Omamo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | [[Fáìlì:W.omamo-potrait208-1187..jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q8016331|William Ole Ntimama]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8023122|Wilson Litole]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8039607|Wycliffe Oparanya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Wycliffe Oparanya UNDP HQ 2010.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q8061937|Yusuf Chanzu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8063982|Zachary Onyonka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8065041|Zakayo Cheruiyot]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8068252|Zebedeo John Opore]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q11249433|Gideon Moi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q11854485|Bonaya Godana]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1988 | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q12053090|Najib Balala]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Najibu Balala - MP for Mvita.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15733971|Ali Rasso Dido]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15993157|Mutula Kilonzo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Mutula Kilonzo UNDP 2009.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16007821|Thomas Johnson Kuto Kalume]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:The Rt.Rev.Thomas Johnson Kalume.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16013714|James Nyamweya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16014097|Moses Kiprono arap Keino]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16150817|Martin Nyaga Wambora]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Martin Wambora.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16152027|Wakoli Bifwoli]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16187229|Justin Muturi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1999 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Justin Muturi (MUS1515) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16192784|Mutahi Kagwe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Senator Mutahi Kagwe (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16194232|Humphrey Kimani Njuguna]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194826|Irshadali Sumra]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16213140|Godhana Dhadho Gaddae]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214164|Sabina Wanjiru Chege]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Sabina Chege at John De'Mathew Memorial.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16226678|Benson Mbai Itwiku]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16499778|Joseph Lekuton]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16730244|Amason Kingi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16730543|Philip Kaloki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16730551|Joseph Kamotho]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16730588|Japhet Kareke Mbiuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16730905|Joseph Nganga Kiuna]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16731419|Moses Lessonet]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16732461|Julius Kibiwott Melly]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16732730|Hussein Maalim Mohamed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1988 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733078|John Michael Njenga Mututho]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733083|Mwandawiro Mghanga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733644|Martin Otieno Ogindo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733692|Moses ole Sakuda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16734594|Samuel Poghisio]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Samuel Losuron Poghisio.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16842239|Sonia Birdi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16843221|Nderitu Gachagua]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16864850|Abdul Rahim Dawood]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16866303|Kinoti Gatobu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16866321|Kembi Gitura]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16885582|Naomi Shaban]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16886147|Peris Tobiko]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17198176|Shukran Hussein Gure]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Shukrangure.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17386192|Grace Kiptui]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494506|Rachael Kaki Nyamai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494517|Jimmy Nuru Ondieki Angwenyi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494518|Shadrack John Mose]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494549|Yegon Brighton Leonard]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494557|Moses Kipkemboi Cheboi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494560|Tonui Joseph Kipkosgey]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494590|Marwa Kemero Maisori Kitayama]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494619|Mathias Nyamabe Robi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494623|Ferdinard Kevin Wanyonyi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494628|Abdi Mude Ibrahim]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494633|Mohamed Hire Garane]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494637|Amin Deddy Mohamed Ali]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494639|Sarah Paulata Korere]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494641|Patrick Kariuki Mariru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence Patrick Mariru.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47494642|Marselino Malimo Arbelle]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494644|Sharif Athman Ali]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494646|Stanley Muiruri Muthama]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494658|Jonah Mburu Mwangi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494664|Mishi Juma Khamisi Mboko]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494669|Enoch Wamalwa Kibunguchy]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494675|Peter Mungai Mwathi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494679|Jeremiah Ekamais Lomorukai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494687|Ayub Savula Angatia]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494692|Titus Khamala Mukhwana]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494697|Michael Thoyah Kingi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494704|George Aladwa Omwera]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494709|Daniel Kitonga Maanzo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494713|Moses Malulu Injendi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494720|Aisha Jumwa Karisa Katana]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494723|Omar Mohamed Maalim Hassan]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494725|Bashir Sheikh Abdullah]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494727|Adan Haji Ali]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494732|Adan Haji Yussuf]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494735|John Muchiri Nyaga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494738|Mary Wamaua Waithira Njoroge]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494744|David Kangogo Bowen]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494748|William Kipkemoi Kisang]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494753|Joshua Mbithi Mwalyo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494758|Geoffrey Makokha Odanga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494761|Anthony Tom Oluoch]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494763|Peter Kimari Kihara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494765|Rigathi Gachagua]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Rigathi Gachagua - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47494768|Justus Murunga Makokha]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494770|Stephen Mutinda Mule]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494776|Patrick Makau King'ola]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494778|Charles Muriuki Njagagua]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494781|Geoffrey Kingagi Muturi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494784|Erastus Kivasu Nzioka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494789|Daniel Kamuren Tuitoek]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494792|Silas Kipkoech Tiren]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494794|Francis Kuria Kimani]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494799|Vincent Kipkurui Tuwei]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494803|Qalicha Gufu Wario]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494804|Fred Kapondi Chesebe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494809|James Onyango K'Oyoo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494813|Anthony Githiaka Kiai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494819|Johnson Manya Naicca]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494822|Abdullswamad Sheriff Nassir]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494824|Vincent Musyoka Musau]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494827|Andrew Mwadime]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494828|Josphat Kabinga Wachira]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494833|Gideon Mutemi Mulyungi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494839|Paul Musyimi Nzengu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494840|Charles Ngusya Nguna]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494842|Jayne Njeri Wanjiru Kihara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>2003 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494847|Sakwa John Bunyasi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494850|Alfred Kiptoo Keter]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494853|Lemanken Aramat]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494858|Gabriel Koshal Tongoyo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494859|Emmanuel Wangwe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494862|Martin Peters Owino]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494863|George Macharia Kariuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494866|Charity Kathambi Chepkwony]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494868|Joash Nyamache Nyamoko]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494872|Joshua Aduma Owuor]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494876|Jared Odoyo Okelo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494882|Richard Nyagaka Tongi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>2013-12-30 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494886|Ezekiel Machogu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494889|Tom Mboya Odege]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494899|Martin Deric Ngunjiri Wambugu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494909|James Gichuki Mugambi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494929|William Kamoti Mwamkale]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494932|Lilian Achieng Gogo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494933|Paul Otiende Amollo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494946|Kipruto Moi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494955|Paul Odalo Mak' Ojuando Abuor]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494960|Tom Joseph Francis Kajwang']]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494963|Simon Nganga Kingara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494968|Eric Muchangi Njiru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494971|Caleb Amisi Luyai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494981|Lentoi Joni L Jackson Lekumontare]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494993|Alois Musa Lentoimaga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47494999|Justus Gesito Mugali M'mbaya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495001|Peter Lochakapong]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495024|John Waluke Koyi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495034|Dominic Kipkoech Koskei]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495046|Kathuri Murungi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495055|Silvanus Osoro Onyiego]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495070|Caleb Kipkemei Kositany]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495077|Millie Grace Akoth Odhiambo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Hon. Millie Odhiambo in National Assembly.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111188342|Shadrack Roger Mwita Manga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188343|Shakila Abdalla]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188344|Silvance Osele Onyango]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188345|Stephen Kengere Manoti]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188346|Stephen Kinyanjui Mburu Kk]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188347|Stephen Kirwa Bitok]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188348|Stephen Wachira Karani]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188349|Steven Kariuki]]'' | | | 2013-10-17 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188350|Suleiman Murunga Kasuti]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188351|Susan Kipketer Chebet]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188352|Timothy Moseti Bosire]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188353|Tirus Nyingi Ngahu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188354|Tiyah Galgalo Ali]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188355|Winnie Karimi Njuguna]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188356|Zainab Kalekye Chidzuga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188703|Muriuki Karue]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111189201|Adolf Muchiri]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111189204|William Omondi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111189739|David Njuguna Kiburi Mwaura]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111189740|Francis Bayah]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111189741|Walter Enock Nyambati Osebe]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190235|Paul Mugeke]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190240|Reuben Ndolo]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190306|Mwangi K.Waithaka]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190328|Thirikwa Kamau]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190337|Geoffrey Gachara Muchiri]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190367|Eliud Matu Wamae]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190376|David Muhika Mutahi]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190382|Wanyiri Kihoro]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190383|Peter Gichohi Mureithi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190387|Paul Gikonyo Muya]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190389|John Matere Keriri]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190391|Alfred Mwangi Nderitu]]'' | | | 1992 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190393|Joshua Ngugi Toro]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190398|Onesmus Kihara Mwangi]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190415|Ignatius Ngenye Kariuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190417|F. Njakwe Maina]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190422|David Wakairu Murathe]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190423|Moses Mwihia]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190425|Stephen Rugendo Ndicho]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190428|Njehu Gatabaki]]'' | | | 1994 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190431|John Njuguna Wanjiku]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2021 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190437|George Nyanja]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190438|Simon Kanyingi Kuria]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190441|Philip Gitonga]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190442|James Viscount Kimathi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190450|Jembe Mwakalu]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190451|Joe Matano Khamisi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190455|Noah Katana Ngala]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1988 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190457|Joseph Kahindi Kingi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190458|Morris Mwachondo Dzoro]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190459|Simeon M. Mkalla]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190464|Suleiman Mwarunga Kamolleh]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190467|Abdalla Jumaa Ngozi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190468|Mohamed Salim Hashim]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190475|David Noti Kombe]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190478|Abubakar Mohamed Badawy]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190481|Lucas B. Mweni Maitha]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190490|Emmanuel Karisa Maitha]]'' | | | 1997 | 2005 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190491|Ananiah Mwasambu Mwaboza]]'' | | | 2005 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190494|Rashid Suleiman Shakombo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190513|Suleiman Masoud]]'' | | | 2013 | 2017 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190515|Shariff Nassir]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1988 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190525|Basil Criticos]]'' | | | 1992 | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190527|Jackson Mwalulu]]'' | | | 2001 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190538|Basil Nguku Mwakiringo]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190540|Boniface Mganga]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190556|J. D. Mghanga Mwandawiro]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190564|Mohamed Abdi Galgallo]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190643|Tola Mugava Kofa]]'' | | | 1992 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190655|Molu Galgalo Shambaro]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190658|Augustine Njeru Kathangu]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190659|Charfano Guyo Mokku]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190665|Abdillahi Haji Wako]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190668|Samuel Kalii Kiminza]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190669|Patrice Mwangu Ivuti]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190674|Jimmy Muthusi Kitonga]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190676|Joseph Kimeu Ngutu]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190677|Moffat Muia Maitha]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190678|Peter Kyalo Kaindi]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190681|Jonesmus Mwanza Kikuyu]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190682|Fredrick Mwanzia Daudi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190683|Ronald John Kiluta]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190687|John Mutua Katuku]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190689|Francis P. Wambua]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190690|James Philip Mutiso]]'' | | | 2002 | 2003 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190699|Onesmus Mutinda Mboko]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190700|Richard Kalembe Ndile]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190703|Anthony Wambua Ndilinge]]'' | | | 1992 | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190705|John Mutinda Mutiso]]'' | | | 2001 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190712|Peter E. N. Maundu]]'' | | | 1998 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190720|Fredrick Mulinge Kalulu]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190722|Joseph Konzollo Munyao]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190724|Robert Iltaramatwa Kochalle]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190725|Titus Ngoyoni]]'' | | | 2002 | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190730|Abdi Tari Sasura]]'' | | | 1997 | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190742|Kirugi Laiboni M’Mukindia]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190747|Jackson Itirithia Kalweo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190748|Raphael Muriungi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190751|Benjamim R. Ndubai]]'' | | | 1997 | 2000 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495079|Samuel Kinuthia Gachobe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495084|Junet Sheikh Nuh]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495101|Peter Francis Masara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495114|Ahmed Bashane Gaal]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495116|Edward Oku Kaunya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495117|Geoffrey Omuse]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495122|James Gichuhi Mwangi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495127|George Gitonga Murugara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495130|Patrick Kimani Wainaina Jungle]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495132|William Kamket Kassait]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495134|Josphat Gichunge Mwirabua Kabeabea]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495137|John Kanyuithia Mutunga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495143|Janet Jepkemboi Sitienei]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495147|John Lodepe Nakara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495152|Lokiru Ali Mohammed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495156|Christopher Doye Nakuleu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495159|Ekomwa Lomenen James]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495163|Daniel Epuyo Nanok]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495165|Christopher Odhiambo Karani]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | 2019 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495169|James Opiyo Wandayi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495175|Mark Ogolla Nyamita]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495177|Ernest Ogesi Kivai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495180|Jones Mwagogo Mlolwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495181|Rashid Kassim Amin]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495185|Ahmed Abdisalan Ibrahim]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495187|Mohamud Sheikh Mohammed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495188|Ahmed Kolosh Mohamed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>2019 | 2019 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495190|Daniel Wanyama Sitati]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495194|Vincent Kemosi Mogaka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47495195|Danson Mwashako Mwakuwona]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47514875|Paul Githiomi Mwangi]]'' | | | 1995 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47516278|Mary Yiane Seneta]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48472383|Ukur Yatani Kanacho]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2006 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Ukur Yatani.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q48773183|Marere wa Mwachai]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q51029838|Edith Vethi Nyenze]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56072166|Fatuma Gedi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08 | 2022-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q60048335|Francis Kagwima]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Francis Kagwima.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60332243|Florence Mwikali Mutua]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60332262|Asha Hussein Mohamed]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60332280|Japhet Miriti Kareke Mbiuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65850416|Matthew Adams Karauri]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q85837193|Benard Otieno Okoth]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q86424308|Joseph Manje]]'' | | | | | [[Fáìlì:Hon Manje.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q88808420|Ochilo Ayacko]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Ochilo Ayacko potrait for governor.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q95692691|Francis Polisi Loile Lotodo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q95697298|James Murgor]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96362528|Alfred Kiprato Kerich]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98118573|Dennitah Ghati]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101071329|Benjamin Langat]]'' | | | | | [[Fáìlì:Benjamin Langat.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q103732378|Elijah K. Sumbeiywo]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q105642336|Wanjiku Muhia]]'' | | | | | [[Fáìlì:Hon.wanjiku muhia.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q106356656|Reggie Alexander]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1963 | 1967 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107222476|Rachel Shebesh]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107407467|Shaaban Ali Issack]]'' | | | 1994 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109070160|Wilson Sossion]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109570540|Mohammad Ali Mohamed]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111177826|John Ndirangu Kariuki]]'' | | | 2013-03-10 | 2017-07-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111179918|David Ochieng Ouma]]'' | | | 2019 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111179984|Halima Yussuf Mucheke]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111179987|Jennifer Shamalla]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111179989|Maina Kamanda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111179990|Nasri Sahal Ibrahim]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111179991|Jacquiline Adhiambo Oduol]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111179993|Sammy Kipkorir Seroney]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111180002|Charles Kamuren]]'' | | | 2018-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111180007|David Ole Sankok]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111180017|Gideon Keter]]'' | | | | | [[Fáìlì:Image 2020-07-01 at 6.38.37 PM.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111180034|Godfrey Osotsi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188192|Zipporah Jesang Kurgat Kering]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188206|Abass Sheikh Mohamed]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188207|Abdi Noor Mohammed Ali]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188208|Abdikadir Omar Aden]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188209|Abdikadir Ore Ahmed]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188210|Abdulaziz Ali Farah]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188211|Abdullahi Jaldesa Banticha]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188212|Adan Mohamed Nooru]]'' | | | 1998 | 1002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188213|Alice Nyanchoka Chae]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188214|Alice Wambui Ng'ang'a]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188215|Amina Abdalla]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188216|Andrew Toboso Anyanga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188217|Annah Nyokabi Gathecha]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188218|Anthony Mutahi Kimaru]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188219|Arthur Papa Odera]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188220|Augostinho Neto Oyugi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188221|Benard Kipkirui Bett]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188222|Benjamin Andola Andayi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188224|Benson Mutura Kangara]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188225|Bernard Munywoki Kitungi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188226|Bishop Robert Mutemi Mutua]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188227|Bonface Okhiya Otsiula]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188228|Cecilia Chelangat Ngetich]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188229|Charles Mongare Geni]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188230|Daniel Kazungu Muzee]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188231|David Karithi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188232|David Wafula Wekesa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188233|Dennis Kariuki Waweru]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188234|Diriye Abdullahi Mohamed]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188235|Dorcas Luvalitsa Kedogo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188236|Chris Munga Nyamaratandi Bichage]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188237|Hellen Sambili]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188238|Reginalda Nakhumicha Wanyonyi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188239|Simon Ogari]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188240|Susan Mbinya Musyoka]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188241|Edwin Kipruto Barchilei]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188242|Ejidius Njogu Barua]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188243|Elias Bare Shill]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188244|Elijah Mosomi Moindi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188245|Elisha Kipkorir Busienei]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188246|John Kiragu Chege]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188247|Stephen Muriuki Ngare]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188248|Eric Arap Keter]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188249|Esther Nyambura Gathogo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188250|Eusilah Jepkosgei Ngeny]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188251|Florence Kajuju]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188252|Francis Kigo Njenga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188253|Francis Mwangangi Kilonzo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188254|Francis Waweru Nderitu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188255|G.J. Munuve Mati]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188256|George Mike Wanjohi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188257|George Oner Ogalo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188258|George Washinton Mallan Omondi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188259|Gideon Maitha]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188260|Halima Ware Duri]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188261|Harrison Garama Kombe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188262|Hassan Abdi Dukicha]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188263|Hassan Aden Osman]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188264|Hassan Mohamed Mwanyoha]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188265|Hellen Chelangat Chepkwony]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188266|Hezron Awiti Bollo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188267|Willy Mtengo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188268|Ibrahim Abdi Saney]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188269|Ibrahim Ahmed Abass]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188270|Ibrahim Ahmed Sane]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188271|Jackson Kipkorir Rop]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188272|Jacob Waweru Macharia]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188273|James Kimaru Bett]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188274|James Ndungu Gethenji]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188275|Jane Agnes Wanjira Machira]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188276|Jared Odhiambo Opiyo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188277|Joash Odhiambo Olum]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188278|Joe Musyimi Mutambu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188279|Joel Onyancha]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188280|John Bomet Serut]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188281|John Karanja Kihagi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188282|John Muriithi Waiganjo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188283|John Njoroge Chege]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188284|John Ogutu Omondi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188285|John Owuor Onyango Kobado]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188287|Jonathan Lelelit Lati]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188288|Joseph M'eruaki M'uthari]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188289|Joseph Mburu Kahangara]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188290|Joseph Ngugi Nyumu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188291|Joseph Obiero Ndiege]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188292|Joseph Samal Lomwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188293|Joyce Wanjalah Lay]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188294|Julius Ndegwa Kariuki]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188295|Justice Kipsang Kemei]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188296|Ken Obura Mirenga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188297|Lawrence Mpuru Aburi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188298|Leonard Kipkosgei Sang]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188299|Lisamula Silverse Anami]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188300|Mahbub Fathia]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188301|Manson Nyamweya]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188302|Marcus Mutua Muluvi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188303|Mary Emaase Otuch]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188304|Mary Njoki G Mbugua]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188305|Mary Sally Keraa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188307|Mathew Lekidime Lempurkel]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188308|Maweu Kyengo Katatha]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188309|Michael Aringo Onyura]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188310|Michael Manthi Kisoi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188311|Mohamed Abdi Haji Mohamed]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188312|Mohamed Adan Huka]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188313|Mohamed Muktar Shidiye]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188315|Mwinga Gunga Chea]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188316|Nasra Ibrahim Ibren]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188317|Nicholas Ngikor Nixon]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188318|Patrick Keturet Ole Ntutu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188319|Patrick Wangamati]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188320|Paul Kipchirchir Bii]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188321|Peter Kamande Mwangi]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188322|Peter Safari Shehe]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188323|Peter Weru Kinyua]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188324|Philip Lotiolo Ruto Rotino]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188325|Priscilla Nyokabi Kanyua]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Hon. Priscillah Nyokabi light.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111188326|Protus Ewesit Akujah]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188327|Rachel Ameso Amolo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188328|Raphael Milikau Otaalo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188329|Rashid Juma Bedzimba]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188330|Regina Nthambi Muia]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188331|Regina Nyeris Changorok]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188332|Roba Duba Bonaya]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188333|Rose Nyamunga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188334|Rose Rwamba Mitaru]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188335|Salim Idd Mustafa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188336|Sammy Cheruiyot Koech]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188337|Samuel Gonzi Rai]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188338|Samuel Kamunye Gichigi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188339|Samuel Kiprono Chepkonga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111188340|Samuel Mathenge Ndiritu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190762|Stephen Mukangu]]'' | | | 2000 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190764|Bernard Njoka Mutani]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190765|Eustace Mbuba M. Nthiga]]'' | | | 2000 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190766|Petkay Shen M’Nkiria]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190768|Guracha Boru Galgallo]]'' | | | 1997 | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190769|Malla Wario Galgallo]]'' | | | 2006 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111190771|Murango Cicilio Mwenda]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191126|George Odeny Ngure]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191145|Stephen Nyamoibi Manoti]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191151|Zephaniah M. Nyang’wara]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191154|Enoch Nyakieya Magara]]'' | | | 1997 | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191157|Shem O. Ochuodho]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191160|Philip Okoth Okundi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191206|Hezron Manduku]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191212|Winston Ochoro Ayoki]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191218|Job Omino]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2003 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191222|Kennedy Odhiambo Nyagudi]]'' | | | 2003 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191231|Shadrack R. M. Manga]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191272|George Owino Achola]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191274|Charles Oyugi Owino]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191276|Tom Onyango]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191280|Tobias Orao Ochola Ogur]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191286|Herman O. Omamba]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191304|Samson Mwancha Nyangau Okioma]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191305|Joseph Kiangoi Ombasa]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191306|Godfrey Okeri Masanya]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191308|Henry Onyancha Obwocha]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1992 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191313|Paul Orwa Otita]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191314|Eric Opon Nyamunga]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191320|William Otula]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191322|Peter Owidi]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191330|Samuel Arthur Weya]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191331|Joe Donde]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191336|Stephen Oluoch Ondiek]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191339|Felix Useru Kanyauchi]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191342|Zaddock Madiri Syongoh]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191354|Mohamed Mukhtar Shidiye]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191356|Abdillahi Sheikh Dahir]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191360|Elias Barre Shill]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191362|Mohamed Dahir Werah]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191363|Ahmed Mohamed Khalif]]'' | | | 1992<br/>2002 | 1997<br/>2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191372|Abdillahi Ibrahim Ali]]'' | | | 1997 | 2008 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191375|Mohammed Gabow]]'' | | | 2008 | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191384|Mohamed Abdi Mohamud]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191391|Adan Kerrow Billow]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191402|Seyid Mohamed Amin]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191414|Joseph Dalldosso Lotodo]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191418|Andrew C. Kiptoon]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191421|William Kiplumbei Boit]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191426|Anthony Kipkosge Kimeto]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191435|John Kipsang arap Koech]]'' | | | 2002<br/>1992 | 2007<br/>1997 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191445|Nicholas Kiptoo Korir Salat]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191453|Kipkorir Marisin Sang]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191465|Raphael K. A. Kitur]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191499|Geoffrey Mepukori Parpai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2003 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191505|David Lenante Sankori]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191520|Kipng’eno arap Ngeny]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191524|Noah Nondin Too]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191526|Charles D. K. arap Kirui]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191540|William Cheruiyot Morogo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191542|Joseph Kipkapto Korir]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191547|F. Chege Mbitiru]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191549|John Kiptoo Marirmoi]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191554|David Kiprono Sudi]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191558|James Cheruiyot arap Koske]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191568|Dixon Kihika Kimani]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191569|Macharia Mukiri]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191571|Paul Samuel Kihara]]'' | | | 1997 | 2003 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191577|Eric Toroitich Morogo]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191579|Alicen Chelaite]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191580|Joseph Mukera Kuria]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191584|Simeon Kiptum Choge]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191585|Jimmy Choge]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191586|Joseph T. A. Leting]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191587|Stephen Kipkiyeny Tarus]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191590|John Kipkorir Sambu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191595|Stephen Kanyinke Ntutu]]'' | | | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191597|Sammy Prisa Leshore]]'' | | | 1992 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191601|Peter Steve Lengees]]'' | | | 1992 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191638|Davies Wafula Nakitare]]'' | | | 2003 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191644|Francis Ewoton Achuka]]'' | | | 1992 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191647|Francis Tarar Lagat]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191648|Joseph Lagat Kipchumba]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191657|Jesse Kibet Maizs]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191658|David Kiptanui Koros]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111191660|Christopher M. Lomada]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q114347943|Feisal Bader]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2021-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115049438|Antony Njororge Wainaina]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2022-09-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115135963|Joseph Kipkoros Makilap]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2022-08-09 | | [[Fáìlì:Joseph Makilap.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115624315|Bidu Tubi Mohammed]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115690883|Stephen Mogaka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2022-09-08 | | [[Fáìlì:Stephen Mogaka.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115925753|Suzanne Ndunge Kiamba]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2022 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137858963|Leo wa Muthende]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139801656|Joyce Kamene]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17411041|Fatuma Ibrahim Ali]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17464750|Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17509770|Adhu Awiti]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18098773|Robert Pukose]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18207112|Samuel Chumel Moroto]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2001<br/>2017-08-31 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18217506|Grace Jelagat Kipchoim]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | 2018-04-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18388019|Khatib Mwashetani]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18417138|Nancy Ascencio]]'' | | [[Fenesuela]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18612608|Fred Mbiti Gideon Mati]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18629013|Marsden Madoka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1997 | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19008951|George Muchai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19386807|Philip Godana]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19604826|Robert Mbui]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19604843|Jackson Kasanga Mulwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19662588|Filemon F. Indire]]'' | | | | | [[Fáìlì:Professor Indire visiting a park in Illinois, USA.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20744564|Isaac Mwaura]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:SEN. DR ISAAC MWAURA.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20982198|George Nyamweya]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21062735|Gideon Mwiti]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22003006|Mohamed Abdi Affey]]'' | | | 1997 | 2002 | [[Fáìlì:2015 08 Hiran Shebelle Formation-9 (20400044455).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22278744|Moses Kuria]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Moses Kuria - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22279006|Richard Makenga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23808689|George Ndung’u Mwicigi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23887512|Timothy Wanyonyi Wetangula]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:HON. TIM WANYONYI.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q24006889|Esther Passaris]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Esther Passaris.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q24892770|Ngala Mwendwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25113132|Daniel Karaba]]'' | | | 2002 | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Senator Dickson Daniel Karaba.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q26923586|Alice Wahome]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Alice Wahome - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28113009|Irungu Kang'ata]]'' | | | | | [[Fáìlì:IKangata.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28967580|Sakaja Johnson]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Sakaja in 2024.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29533497|Thomas Okelo-Odongo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 1963 | 1969 | [[Fáìlì:Tom Okelo Odongo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29572473|Simon Mbugua]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30323725|Wavinya Ndeti]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Wavinya2.png|center|128px]] |- | [[Naisula Lesuuda]] | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Naisula lesuuda.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q38459259|Kipsengeret Koros]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38668434|Janet Ong'era]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Janet ongera picture.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43927930|Muthomi Njuki]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Muthomi nJUKI.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q46190459|Francis Nyenze]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31<br/>1997 | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q46358834|Nimrod Mbai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Nimrod Mbai Portrait.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47483883|Elsie Busihile Muhanda]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47486849|Gertrude Mbeyu Mwanyanje]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Gertrude Mwanyanje.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47489018|David Losiakou Pkosing]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47489037|Michael Mwangi Muchira]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47489052|Gladys Wanga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Wanga in 2024.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47489064|Kulow Maalim Hassan]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47489991|Gladwell Jesire Cheruiyot]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490021|Joyce Chepkoech Korir]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490030|Catherine Nanjala Wambilianga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490033|Jane Jepkorir Kiptoo Chebaibai]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490034|Jane Wanjuki Njiru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490037|Anab Mohamed Gure]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490038|Rehema Dida Jaldesa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490039|Janet Marania Teyiaa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490043|Florence Bore]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490045|Gathoni Wamuchomba]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490046|Purity Wangui Ngirici]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490048|Rozaah Akinyi Buyu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490049|Irene Muthoni Kasalu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490050|Zuleikha Ju Ma Hassan]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490051|Catherine Wanjiku Waruguru]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490052|Ruweida Mohamed Obo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490053|Joyce Kamene]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490054|Rose Museo Mumo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490056|Amina Gedow Hassan]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490057|Safia Sheikh Adan]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490058|Kawira Mwangaza]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490059|Pamela Awuor Ochieng]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490061|Chelule Chepkorir Liza]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490062|Tecla Chebet Tum]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490064|Roselinda Soipan Tuya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Soipan latest photo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47490065|Jerusha Mongina Momanyi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490066|Faith Wairimu Gitau]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Faith Gitau.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47490068|Rahab Mukami Wachira]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490069|Maison Leshoomo]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490071|Christine Ombaka]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490072|Lydia Haika Mnene Mizighi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Lydia Haika.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47490073|Rehema Hassan]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490074|Beatrice Nkatha Nyaga]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490075|Janet Nangabo Wanyama]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490076|Joyce Akai Emanikor]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490078|Gladys Jepkosgei-Boss Shollei]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490079|Beatrice Kahai Adagala]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47490080|Lilian Cheptoo Tomitom]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493894|Gideon Sitelu Konchela]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493900|Athanas Misiko Wafula Wamunyinyi]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Deputy Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia Wafula Wamunyinyi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47493905|David Gikaria]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493910|Isaac Waihenya Ndirangu]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493913|Korei Ole Lemein]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493920|James Wambura Nyikal]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493923|Omar Mwinyi Shimbwa]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493925|Charles Gumini Gimose]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493930|Samuel Arama]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493933|Richard Moitalei Ole Kenta]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493935|David Njuguna Kiaraho]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493938|Swarup Ranjan Mishra]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | [[Fáìlì:Swarup-ranjan-mishra.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47493940|Alfred Agoi Masadia]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493944|James Lusweti Mukwe]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493946|Kassim Sawa Tandaza]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493951|James Mwangi Gakuya]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493953|Ali Wario]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q47493956|Christopher Omulele]]'' | | [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]] | 2017-08-31 | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} f897f4t9odmen8rcsdgvbdt0t8d7s9j Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique 2 66736 632093 631676 2026-08-19T17:44:19Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632093 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q19953712 } |section= |sort=P39/Q19953712/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q19953712/P580:Start date,P39/Q19953712/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q34282|Alberto Vaquina]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | [[Fáìlì:Alberto Vaquina.jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Armando Guebuza]] | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Armando Guebuza 2014-08-11.jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Luisa Diogo]] | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2013-03-29 | [[Fáìlì:Luisa Diogo, World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009 1.jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Aires Ali]] | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | [[Fáìlì:Aires Ali.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1315233|Sérgio Vieira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1383773|Pascoal Mocumbi]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1438841|Sebastião Marcos Mabote]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1893287|Marcelino dos Santos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Marcelino dos Santos 1975.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1957066|Mário da Graça Machungo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2133237|Raúl Domingos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | No/unknown value | |- | ''[[:d:Q2440581|Tomaz Salomão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-02-28 | [[Fáìlì:Tomaz Salomão, 071203-F-9074R-001.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2832185|Alcinda Abreu]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | [[Fáìlì:Alcinda Abreu UNDP 2010.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4711973|Alberto Chipande]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | [[Amade Camal]] | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5340644|Eduardo Joaquim Mulémbwè]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5398931|Esperança Bias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Esperança Bias.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5643918|Hama Thai]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5993938|David Simango]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Simango David 2006.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6077711|Isabel Nkavadeka]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1999 | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6153514|Janet Mondlane]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6291941|José Condungua Pacheco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | [[Fáìlì:Jose Pacheco (6964747611) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6292303|José Gabriel Manteigas]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6526096|Leonardo Simão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6722501|Verónica Macamo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1994 | 2020-01-20 | [[Fáìlì:President of National Assembly, Veronica Macamo, at Maputo, in Mozambique (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6752965|Manuel de Araújo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Manuel de Araujo USAID.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6760997|Maria Angelina Dique Enoque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6762420|Mariano de Araújo Matsinhe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7701012|Teodato Hunguana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1977 | 2003 | [[Fáìlì:Teodato Hunguana.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7811637|Tobias Joaquim Dai]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9629194|Armando Artur]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10272837|Eneas da Conceição Comiche]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2019-03-15 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19057400|Carlos Agostinho do Rosário]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-01-20 | [[Fáìlì:Mozambican Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho do Rosario.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19613993|Ivone Soares]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-01 | | [[Fáìlì:Ivone Soares in Maputo Mozambique.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19816448|Carmelita Namashulua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-01-20 | [[Fáìlì:USAID @ MZ Mother Language Day.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19834060|Adelaide Amurane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20014463|Vitória Diogo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-01-24 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20192117|Jaime Basílio Monteiro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-04-15 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25428943|Carvalho Muária]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2018-06-05<br/>2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q27220074|Nyeleti Mondlane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1994 | 2014<br/>2020-01-24 | [[Fáìlì:P029697000601-425303 Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42897817|Isabel Casimiro]]'' | Onímọ̀ nípa àwùjọ ará Mozambik | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1995 | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q55106039|Ossufo Momade]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1999 | 2018 | [[Fáìlì:Ossufo Momade VOA.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55237841|Rui Baltazar]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1975 | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q63507934|Francisco Madeira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Francisco Madeira - 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65160367|Hélder Muteia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Helder Muteia 9M1A0545.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q83864924|Fernando Ganhão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1977-12 | No/unknown value | |- | ''[[:d:Q88473923|Manuel Chang]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q88624340|Francisco Marcelino]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q94839123|Mércia Viriato Licá]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96195503|Paulina Mateus Nkunda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-01 | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97031273|Abdul Razak]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97031320|Eliseu Joaquim Machava]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97033016|Raimundo Pachinuapa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97034513|Raimundo Maico Diomba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97036050|Rosário Mualeia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97061797|Maurício Vieira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97119572|Maria Elias Jonas]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97119885|Telmina Pereira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97119895|Alfredo Namitete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97120115|Cidália Manuel Chaúque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97148316|Alfredo Cepeda Gamito]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97148662|Francisca Domingos Tomás]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2018-10-23<br/>2020-02-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97221887|Felício Pedro Zacarias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97228015|Francisco de Assis Masquil]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97285065|Joaquim Veríssimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105001942|Amélia Sumbana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Amelia Narciso Matos Sumbana of Mozambique in 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105325412|Maria Veloso]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1977 | No/unknown value | |- | ''[[:d:Q105326708|Salomé Moiane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1977 | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q105326781|Teresa Tembo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106547696|Salimo Abdula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Salimo Abdula 2020 (1).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q109950528|Margarida Talapa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-01-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109950913|Carlos Jorge Siliya]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111816864|Margarida Mapanzene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-02-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828598|Açucena Xavier Duarte]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2014-08-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828599|Aguiar Mazula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828600|Aiuba Cuereneia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828602|Alcido Nguenah]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828603|Alexandre Manguele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828609|Antonio Namburete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828613|Arnaldo Nhavoto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828616|Bernardo Ferraz]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828620|Castigo Langa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828621|Conceita Ernesto Xavier Sortane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828625|Feliciano Salomão Gundana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828637|Lucas Chomera]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828638|Luciano André de Castro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2023-05-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828656|Tomás Mandlate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:The Agriculture Minister, Republic of Mozambique, Mr. Tomas Frederica Mandlate shaking hands with the Minister of State for Agriculture, Shri Kanti Lal Bhuria, in New Delhi on November 21, 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111828658|Virgília Matabele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111829801|Jaime Himede]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841428|Abacar Chande]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841429|Abdala Ossifo Ibraimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841432|Abdul Gafur Mamade Hossene Issufo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841433|Abiba Aba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841434|Afonso Januário Bombene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2024-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841435|Afonso Lopes Nipero]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841436|Agostinho André Likangóne]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841437|Agostinho Cosme Manje]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841438|Agostinho Gomes Chipindula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841439|Agostinho José Lobato]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841440|Agostinho Zacarias Vuma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2022-11-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841441|Aida Maria Soares]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841442|Ainca Micusserima Chande]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841445|Aisácia João Chochoma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841446|Albano Bulaunde José]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841447|Albertina Ilda Lino]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Albertina Ilda Lino (28451156403).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841448|Albertina Jocia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2019-10-24 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841449|Albertina Julião Matavele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841450|Alberto Jacinto Nancuta Mtukutuku]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2024-03-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841451|Alberto Jumulate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841454|Alfredo Jaime]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841455|Alfredo Tomás Magumisse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841456|Alice Caetano Tomás]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841457|Almina Manuel Monteiro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841458|Alves Jordão Zita]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841459|Amilcar José Hussein]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841460|Américo José Ubisse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841461|Américo Paulo Noé Muchanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841462|Ana Antónia Henrique Dimitri]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841463|Ana Paula Orta Cordeiro Manhique]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841464|Ana Paula Victorino J. P. da Graça]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841465|Ana Rita Sithole]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Ana-Rita Sithole - 1st Session of the OACPS-EU.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841466|André Joaquim Magibire]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841467|António Rufino Cara-alegre Tembe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841468|Antónia Simão Paulo Charre]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841470|António José Amélia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841471|António Pedro Muchanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841472|António Rosário Niquice]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841473|António Severino Timba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841474|António Valério Kantile]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841476|Atanásio Gomes Kulyaukila]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841477|Beatriz Mário Chaguala]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841478|Bernardino Benjamim Carneiro Cortez]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2015-07-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841479|Bonifácio João Nicassa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841480|Buanar Muhamede]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841481|Caifadine Paulo Manasse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841482|Carimo Freitas de Oliveira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841483|Carlos Manuel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841484|Carlos Manuel Simbi]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841485|Carlos Moreira Vasco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841486|Carlos Samussone Maiela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841487|Carlos Sebastião]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841488|Carvalho Pensando António]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841489|Catarina Olinda Salomão Figueira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841490|Celmira Irene Melo Xavier]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841491|Cemilde Amélia Muchanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841492|Chrispen Matches]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841493|Costa Francisco Chale]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841494|Damião José]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841495|Daniel João Matavele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-10-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841496|Danilo Aly Teixeira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841497|David Jonas Moiana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841498|Deolinda Catarina João Chochoma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-03-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841499|Dina Ali Américo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841500|Domingos Cintura]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841501|Domingos Gabriel Tavira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841502|Domingos Migina Assulai]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841503|Edmundo Galiza Dimande Matos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841504|Edson Macuácua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-01-24 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841505|Eduardo João Ladria]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841506|Eduardo Silva Nihia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841507|Elisa Amina Amisse Timóteo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841508|Elisa Maria Isabel Silvestre Cipriano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841509|Elisa Rajamo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841510|Emídio Benjamim Xavier]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2019-03-15 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841511|Emília Alfredo Pereira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841512|Esmeralda Aurélio Mutemba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841513|Ester Epifánio Plaze]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841514|Eulália Lourenço Oliveira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841515|Eva José Mangaze]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2018-04-19 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841516|Eva Teixeira Caetano Dias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841517|Evaristo Tatano Sixpence]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841518|Ezequiel João Aramane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841519|Faruk Osman]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841520|Felizarda Clara de Castro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841521|Fernando Amelane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841522|Fernando Bismarque Ali]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841523|Fernando Jossias Matouassanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841524|Fernando José Namacua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841525|Fernando Mendes João Lavieque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841526|Filipe Carlos Domingos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841527|Filipe Chimoio Paunde]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841528|Filipe Jaime]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841529|Filomena Nachaque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841530|Flora Bela das Neves Caetano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841531|Francisca Sabão Domingos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841532|Francisco Filipe M. V. Mboya Campira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841533|Francisco Maingue]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841534|Francisco Ussene Mucanheia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2022-06-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841535|Freitas Joaquim Emílio Tiquila]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841536|Félix Assomate Quembo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841537|Gania Aly Abdula Mussagy]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841538|Geraldo Alexandre Carvalho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841539|Gildo Fortunato Elias Muaga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841541|Glória Salvador]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841542|Gonçalves Maceda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841543|Helena da Glória Muando]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2017-10-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841544|Helena Jacinto Música]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841545|Hermenegildo Mateus Infante]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841546|Hermenegildo Santana Chimarizene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841547|Hilário Uaite]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841548|Hélder Ernesto Injojo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841549|Irene Joaquim]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841550|Isac Lucas Mandava]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841551|Isaura António Júlio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841552|Isaura da Uaitura Albino]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841553|Isequiel Molde Gusse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841554|Isidora da Esperança Faztudo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2015-06-11 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841555|Ivan Amaral Chinganhane Mazanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841556|Jacinto Gabriel Lourenço Inácio Capito]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841557|Jaime Neto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841558|Janete Nelsone Tenene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841559|Jemusse Amido Lada]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841560|Jerónima Agostinho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841561|Jerónimo Malagueta Nalia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841562|Joana Anacleto Vasco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841563|Joana Muchanga Mondlane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-01-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841564|Joana Simão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841565|Joaquim Greva]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841566|José Bento Coffe Mutsanhe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841568|José Carlos Cruz]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841569|José Henrique Lopes]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2018-05-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841571|José Horácio Lourenço Lobo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841572|José Manuel de Sousa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841573|José Manuel Samo Gudo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841574|José Mateus Muária Katupha]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841588|José Nicolau]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841589|José Tsingano Camanula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841590|Jovial Setina Mutombene M. da Cruz]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841591|João Paulo Pereira de Albuquerque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841592|Juliana Vitória Picardo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841593|Julieta António]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841594|Justina Sambil]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841595|Justino Paulo Langa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841597|Lassimo Ossifo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841598|Latifo Ismael Xarifo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841600|Laura Fernanda Souto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841601|Laura Maria de Jesus Amadeu]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841602|Laurinda Silva Pedro António Cheia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841603|Leopoldo Alfredo Ernesto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841604|Lina Francisco Fafetine Ofiço]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Visitas.Visitantes (28992726971).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841606|Lourenço César Sufria]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841607|Lucinda Bela das Dores Impitule Malema]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841608|Lucília José Manuel Nota Hama]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841609|Lutero Simango]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Lutero Simango, MDM VOA Português.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841610|Lutsé Esperança Mirione Rumeia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841611|Lúcia Pedro Mafuaine]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841612|Lúcia Xavier Afate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841613|Manuel Vasconcelos E. Manuel Maria]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841614|Manuel Zeca Bissopo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841615|Margarida Manuel Salimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841617|Margarido Salvador Abrantes]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841618|Maria Anastácia da Costa Xavier]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2021-01-27 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841619|Maria Bachir]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841620|Maria Helena]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841621|Maria Inês Martins]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841622|Maria Marta Mateus Fernando]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841623|Mariana Caisse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841624|Marquita Alexandre Loforte Jaime]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841625|Martinha Januário Benfica]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841627|Matias José Matias Nhongue]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841628|Miguel Anlawe Musssa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841629|Miguel Celestino Mpamba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841630|Mohamad da Costa Ali Yassine]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2022-11-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841631|Muhamad Bacir Abdul Remane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841632|Muhamedrachid Sulemane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841633|Mustagibo Atimo Bachir]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841634|Mário Ali]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841635|Mário Franque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841636|Nilza Henguissere Narciso]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841637|Odete Isaias Motiça]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841638|Ofélia Timóteo Mutombene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-01-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841639|Olinda Francisco Langa Mith]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2018-09-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841640|Olinda Navais]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841641|Patrício M'pagai]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841643|Paulo Vahanle]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2018-05-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841644|Pedro Frederico Cossa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841645|Pedro Tesoura Chichova]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841646|Rachade Carvalho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841647|Rafael António de Sousa Gusmão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2017-09-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841649|Rafael Lourenço Chande]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841650|Raimundo Pitágoras Lauma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841651|Ramulata Mahumudo Irache]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841652|Regina Macuacua Muchanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841653|Ricardina Suia Albano Mazive]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841654|Ricardo Frederico Francisco Tomás]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841655|Rui Sixpence Gonzane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841656|Saimone Muhambi Macuaina]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841657|Sande Castigo Carmona]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841658|Sandura Vasco Ambrósio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841659|Sara Mamudo Abdula Vassanegy]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841660|Sebastião da Costa Sebastião]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841661|Severiano Romão Khoy]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841662|Severina Tiago Banze]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841663|Silvério Eugénio Samuel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841664|Simão Bute]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841665|Simões Paulo Mário]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841666|Sofrimento Funai Matequenha]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841667|Sérgio José Camunga Pantie]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841668|Sónia Maria Vasco Mepameia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841671|Valdemiro de G. Pascoal Nhancengo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841672|Valentina Justa Puchar Mtumuke]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841673|Valéria José Mitilela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2024-01-26 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841674|Vasco Manuel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841675|Venâncio António Bila Mondlane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2018-06-29<br/>2024-06-03 | [[Fáìlì:Venâncio Mondlane 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841676|Vergonha Abudo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841677|Viana da Silva Magalhães]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841678|Victor Viandro Mudivila]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841680|Virgínia Oreste Kwavateka Gondola]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841681|Yonusse Amad]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841682|Zezinho Ricardo José]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841683|Ássia Paulo Cipriano Abudo Ali]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843320|Abdul Zacarias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2018-10-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843321|Abdula Tarmamade Abdula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843322|Adelino Andissene Silveira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843325|Agostinho Navanssuane Chelua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843326|Agostinho Pinto Mussuluaia Muapilote]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2022-11-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843327|Agostinho Sairosse Maeni]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843329|Alberto Francisco Valoi]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843331|Alberto José Bacar]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843332|Alberto João Ferreira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843333|Alberto Lives Andela Niquice]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843334|Alexandre Tiago]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843335|Alice Ana Francisco Xavier Kufa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843338|Ana Armando Chapo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843339|Ana Maria de Lourdes Massengele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843340|Ana Maria Simante]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843341|António do Rosário Bernardino Boene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843342|António Eusébio Mulima]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843343|António Joaquim Mainato]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843344|Arlinda Cipriano de Sousa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843345|Arlindo Arrido Maquival]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843346|Arlindo Daniel Bila]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843347|Arnaldo Francisco Chalaua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843348|Atanásio Quirino Machude]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843349|Aureliana Otília Filipe Jamisse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843350|Balbina Deolinda Raibo Mateus]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843351|Bonito Novunga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843352|Brígida Anita Jorge Mathavele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2021-02-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843354|Carlos Sebastião Chissingue]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843355|Carminda da Graça Barata]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843357|Catarinha Mário Dimande]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843359|Clarice da Esperança Milato]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843360|Clementina Francisco Bomba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843361|Cristina Chelene Manhice Sevene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843362|Daly Assumane Kumanda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2021-02-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843363|Dias Julião Letela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843364|Dionísio Cherewa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843365|Domingas Gonçalves José Ferrão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843366|Dominic Phiri]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843367|Dores Armando Izidro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843368|Bonifácio Gruveta]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2011-09-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843369|Edson Judite Calisto Nhangumele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843370|Elcina Eugénio Marindze]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843371|Elias Gilberto Impuiri]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843372|Elias Macacho Marceta Dhlakama]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843373|Elvira Pinto Duarte Timana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843374|Eusébio Nanguia Nipite Mulange]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843376|Faizal Américo António]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843378|Flora Enosse José]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843379|Fátima Machona Dias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843380|Fátima Rais Aly Mpemba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843381|Gabriel Junior]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Gabriel Junior em 2025.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111843382|Germano José Joaquim]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843383|Gilberto Francisco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843384|Glória Ernesto Matuassa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843385|Henriqueta Fabião Cuna]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843386|Hermenegildo Bernardo Devesse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843387|Hermenegildo Domingos Chiúre]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843388|Hermínio Morais]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843389|Hortência Gaurassue Zacarias Magibire de]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843390|Idalina Felix Nitasse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843391|Inácia Henriques Carneiro Ngonde]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843392|Inácio João Reis]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843393|Isaltina Maria Campioni Biwi]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843394|Ivone Sansão Bila]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843395|Joana Júlia Seifana Mucamba Ravia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843396|Joaquina Oreste Siliya]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843397|Jonas Fenias Sitoe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843410|Josefa Jacinto Musica]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843412|João Catemba Chacuamba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843413|João Samuel Watchy]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843414|Kintheyaro Júlia Mariana Aguacheiro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843415|Luísa André Avelino Cuchamano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843416|Lúcia José Madeira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843418|Manuel Alex Muacuane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843419|Manuel Pereira Zuze Caliquete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843420|Manuel Rodrigo Ramessane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843423|Margarida José Naiete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843424|Maria Alice Saize]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843425|Maria Celeste Mucote Mavungue Cachite]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843426|Maria Inês Ntseka]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843427|Maria Isabel Luís da Silva]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843428|Maria Joaquina Júlio Inácio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843429|Mateus Elias Damião Faimane da Silva]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843430|Mateus Muchacuare Tomo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843431|Matias Filipe Macamo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843433|Milissão Castomo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843434|Mirna Isabel Chibuco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843435|Momade Arnaldo Juízo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843436|Muanaiamo Pinto Massua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843437|Muanarera Abdala]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843439|Mussabay Issufo Gani]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843440|Mário da Cruz de Amaral]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843442|Natércia Mutide Pilima]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843443|Nerina Jone Bustani]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843444|Nharongue Mário Muringa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843445|Noel Brácio Nandena]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843446|Nunes Age Antage]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843447|Olívia Fernando Matavele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843448|Osório João Soto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843449|Palma Pinto da Conceição José Maria]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843450|Paulino Santos Lenço]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2020-07-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843451|Paulo Rosário Phatama]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843452|Pedro António Bila]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843454|Ricardo Joaquim Nguiriche Gerente]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843455|Rita Bento Muianga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843456|Rogério Ernesto Mboa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843457|Sabir José Vasco Maquege]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843458|Safi Mahomed Reman Gulamo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843459|Samuel Eugénio Mandlate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843460|Saripa Trinta Namuira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843461|Saíde Fidel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843462|Sebastião Inácio Saíde]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843463|Sefo Sente]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843465|Sábado Alamo Chombe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843466|Uale Amado]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843467|Vasco David Gaspar]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843469|Zacarias José]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843470|Zacarias João Chivavi]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843471|Zaia Miquitaio Cafumbe Valeta]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843472|Zainane Memane Ossumane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843473|Zuria Tuaibo Assumane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843474|Álvaro António Faquirá Caul]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843475|Ângela Catarina Vidigal Fole Marizane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843500|José Domingos Manuel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904539|Abel Ernesto Safrao]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904540|Abel Gabriel Mabunda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904541|Abílio Adelaide António]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904542|Agostinho Nampera Sualeia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904543|Agostinho Semende Murrial]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904544|Agostinho Ussene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904545|Ahamed Ismail Musa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904546|Aissa Ossufo Suale]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904547|Aiuba Ismail]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904548|Aiuba Megama Abdul Camal]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904549|Albertina Vicente Pelembe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904550|Alberto Conforme Tigre]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904551|Alberto Manuel Sarande]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904552|Albino Munafaene Ducuza Muchanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904554|Alexandre Siveto Massingue]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904555|Alfredo Maria São Bernardo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904556|Almeida dos Santos Tambara]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904558|Ana Alberto Sabonete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904559|Ana Maria Rafael]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904561|Anacleta Torres Caliano Meque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904562|Anatercia de Fatima Ismael Aly Adriano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904563|André Jumamossi Malhembudi]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904564|Ângela Maria do Carmo Benesse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904565|Anselmo Ernesto Victor]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904567|António K Mafuta Banda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904568|António Muanayange]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904569|Armando Maria Pereira Constantino Julio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904571|Augusto Janeiro Gumbaza]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904572|Aurelio Amandio Zilhao]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904573|Aurora Mussane Murrime]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904574|Bachir Kassimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904575|Bernardo Assumane Sabao]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904576|Carlos Alexandre dos Reis]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904577|Carlos da Piedade]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904578|Carlos Macareia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904579|Carolina Halime Chemane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904580|Casimiro Pedro Sacadura Huate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904581|Catarina Albertina Ratibo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904582|Celina Elias Solomone]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904583|Chico Francisco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904584|Constância António Devesse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904585|Cornelio Quivela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904586|Cristovao Felipe Soares]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904587|Cristóvão Gemusse Nhacatete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904588|Cristóvão Sucane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904589|Daniel Litsure]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904590|Danilo Amarcy Ragú]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904591|David Alone Selemane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904592|Dionísio Quelhas]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904594|Domingos Pilale]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904595|Duarte Cassiano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904596|Edgar Alfredo Cossa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904597|Eduardo Augusto Elias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904598|Eliado Jossias Mussengue]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904600|Elisa Nicolau José de Melo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904601|Elvino José de Sousa Ferrão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904602|Elvira Luis Mabunda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904603|Ernesto Cassimuca Lipapa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904604|Ernesto Filipe Mausse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904605|Ernesto Muala]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904606|Etelvina Rita Joaquim Fevereiro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904607|Eugénio Numaio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904608|Fátima Luis Omar Danune]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904609|Faustina Manuel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904610|Faustino Licaneque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904612|Faustino Mateus]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904613|Feliciano Anjo Bernardo Mata]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904614|Fernando Saide]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904615|Filipa Baltazar da Costa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904616|Francisco Domingos Machambisse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2011-10-09 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904617|Francisco João José Dias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904618|Francisco João Pateguana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904620|Francisco Rupansane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904622|Graça César Machaiane Nhanala Nhaliginga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904623|Hariazate Suria]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904625|Helena da Zinha Paulo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904626|Henriques Bone Mulieca]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904627|Hermenegildo Maria Cepeda Gamito]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904629|Herondina Herculano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904630|Hilario Latina]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904631|Hilario Pires Beja]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904634|Hipolito Jesus Fernandes X do Couto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904635|Horacio José Namalve]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904636|Ilídio António Alfredo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904638|Inacio Jossitala]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904639|Isau Joaquim Meneses]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904640|Jaime Mussa Massesse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904641|Janeiro Mariano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904642|Jeremias Pondeca Munguambe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904643|João Alexandre]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904644|João Macuamule]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904645|João Manuel Alvaro Goncalves]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904646|João Manuel Rocha]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904647|Joe Lucas de Figueireiro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904648|Joel Matias Libombo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904649|José Augusto Mazuana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904650|José Carlos Rodrigues Palaco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904651|José do Rosario]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904652|José Ferreira Muivai]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904653|José Maria Sisto Carrau]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904654|José Mascarenhas]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904655|José Patricio Manuel Andre]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904656|José Zeca Arijama]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904657|Judite Angelina Macoo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904658|Khalid Hussene Muhamed Sidat]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904659|Laurinda José Pequenino]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904660|Lazaro Ernesto Mabone]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904663|Lerina dos Prazeres dos Santos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904664|Linete Eunice Gonoury]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904665|Lorenco Juma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904666|Lucia Xavier]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904667|Luis Alberto Franco Afonso Videira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904668|Luis Benedito Gouveia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904669|Luis Boavida Mudivela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904670|Luis Garife Matsangaice]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904671|Luis Inacio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904672|Lurdes António Manuel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904673|Lurdes Daniel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904676|Mahomed Rucundino Dula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904677|Maneca Daniel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904678|Manuel Fernandes Pereira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904679|Manuel Henrique Franque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904680|Manuel Jorge Tome]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904681|Manuel Jose dos Santos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904682|Manuel Nongofe Bendzane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2011-11-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904683|Manuel Pereira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904684|Maria Angela Ismael Manjate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904687|Maria Antonia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904688|Maria das Dores de António]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904689|Maria de Lurdes Gouveia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904690|Maria Isabel Ferreira Lima]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904691|Maria Josefa Miguel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2012-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904692|Maria Matilde Alves Lampião Soares]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904693|Maria Tereza Nilimo Nanvarre]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904694|Maria Virginia Sousa Videira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904696|Mário Ciquenta Naula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904697|Mateus Anibal Malichocho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904699|Mateus Lucas António]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2011-05-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904700|Matias Alberto Ngulela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904701|Máximo Dias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904703|Milho de Castro Akili]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904705|Mustafa Rachide]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904706|Natercia Felizarda de Jesus Matiquite]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904708|Nelson Afonso Alberto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904709|Orlando Pedro Candua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904710|Ossufo Muze Quitine]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904711|Ossumane Ali Dauto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904712|Osvaldo Filipe Jabu]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904713|Padimbe Mabosse Kamati Andrea]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904714|Palmira Angelina Pedro Francisco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Palmira Pedro Francisco 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111904715|Pauco Muatamulo Nanpuio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904716|Paulino Luis Branquinho Valia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904717|Pedro Armando Alberto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904718|Rachide João Tayobe Mahomed]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904719|Rafael Maguni]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904720|Rahil Samsser Khan]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904721|Raquel Carlos José Damião]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904722|Raul João Balate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904723|José António da Conceição Chichava]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904725|Raul Ribeiro Munhuaua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904726|Ricardo Sebastião de Oliveira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904727|Roberto Maximiano Chitsonzo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904728|Rosa Florencia Chucua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904729|Rosa Isabel Maope]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904730|Rosalia Celestina José Lumbela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904731|Rosita Maluane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904732|Rui Domingos de Sousa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904733|Sábado Teresa Malendza]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904735|Samuel Brito Simango]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904736|Sausande Mpatula Kuakula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904738|Sergio Ernesto Neves]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904739|Silvano João da Cruz]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904740|Sousa Salvador Munhaua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904741|Teresa Aide]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904742|Tertuliano Juma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904745|Vasco Novela Charamadane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904746|Vicente Zacarias Ululu]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904748|Virgilia T C Guerreiro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904749|Virgilio Francisco Ferrao]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904750|Yohanda Tadeu Mkeka]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904751|Zeca Castro Morgado]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904752|Zelma Graciete Ratagy Vasconcelos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906893|Abel Vicente Sana Sana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906894|Achiro Amisse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906896|Adelina Rosa Bernardo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906897|Adriano Tesoura Passanduca]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906898|Afonso Francisco Massingue]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906899|Afonso Paulo Salimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906900|Agostinho Severo Tomé]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906901|Agostinho Ussore]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906902|Ahmed Abdul Gani]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906903|Aida Luis Garife Massangaissa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2011-05-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906904|Aida Ussene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906905|Albina Tomás Gulele]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906906|Alexandre Meque Vicente]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906907|Alfredo Alide Sualei]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2014-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906909|Alicora Intutunha]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906910|Alige Derque Mussulmade de Morais]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906911|Alzira Frederico Pereira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906919|Amândio Cláudio Absalão Siueia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906920|Ana Celestina Meneses Sousa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906921|Ana Madalena da Silva Charomar]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906922|Angelina Cândida N’chumali]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906923|Angelina Ernesto Namoeto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906924|Anselmo Jacinto Eduardo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906926|António Hama Thay]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2012-05-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906927|António Jorge Franguolis]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906928|António Razão Miromo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906929|Armando Alifa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906930|Arminda Jaime Vombe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906931|Armindo João Milaco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2013-10-21 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906932|Arnaldo Obed Muchabje Quibe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906933|Artur Xavier Vilanculos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906934|Assane Ali]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906935|Augusto Jonas Navando]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906936|Augusto Mateus]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906938|Azevedo Evaristo Mussibora]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2014-08-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906941|Bendita Francisco Nchumali]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906942|Bernardo Júlio Macamo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906944|Brito Caetano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906947|Castro Qualquer António Ntemassaka]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906948|Catarina Paiva Muacamissa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906949|Celestino Neúma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906950|Cipriano Severino Nimpachula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906951|Claudina Inácio Guimarães]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906952|Daniel Maqueia Cueteia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906953|Danilo Rui Alberto Mutumula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906954|Djone Dique Ncussa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906955|Dominga Domingos Chuva]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906956|Dorteia Hérculos Ambrósio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906957|Edgar de Jesus Gonzaga C Silva]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906958|Elisa Júlio Salamo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906960|Elsa Muzé Ussene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906961|Ermelinda Micaela Lucas Rodolfo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906962|Ermósio Justo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906963|Ester Hassane Macande Peule]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906964|Eufrásia Guerra Jordão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906966|Fabião Pedro Sitoé]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2014-01-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906967|Fernando Calisto Jauado]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906968|Filipe António Primero]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906969|Florêncio Francisco Alfainho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906970|Francisco Braz Muchanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906972|Fátima Luís Madeira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906974|Hermínia Carlos Nhantumbo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906976|Irene António Beira Castro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906977|Ireneu Joaquim Muanaco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906979|Ismael Jamú Mussá]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906980|Jerónimo Agostinho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906981|Joana José Carvalho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906982|Joaquim Mussuaho Luis M. Bicho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906983|João Carlos Colaço]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906984|João José Monteiro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906985|João Luís]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906986|Julião Caixote Nembe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906987|Julião Munhequeia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906988|Kapwepwe Saíde Chai]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906990|Leonor Amosse Pedro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906991|Lucia do Carmo Casimiro Lima]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906992|Luciano Augusto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906993|Luciano Filipe Governo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906995|Luis Trinta Mecupia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906997|Luís Ramos Domingos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906998|Luísa Chirindza]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906999|Lídia Rita Geremias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907000|Lúcia Geraldo Namashulua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907001|Maconha João]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907002|Madalena João Francisco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907003|Madalena M’bela Ambrósio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907004|Manuel Francisco Lole]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907006|Maria de Lurdes do Carmo Lobo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907007|Maria Ema Anchunala Cassimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907008|Maria Joana João]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907010|Maria José Moreno]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907013|Maria Olívia Álvaro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907016|Mariano Humberto Rodrigues]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907018|Maurício Mateus Madebe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907019|Micas Carlos António Jafare]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907021|Milagrosa Armando Langa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907022|Mário Lampião Sevene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907023|Palmira Eusébio Mbanze]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907024|Paulina Tsumba Nhacumbena Canhane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907027|Raimundo Joaquim Mapanzene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907028|Rema Fabião]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907029|Ricardo Pedro Filimone]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907032|Rosa Mafuna Julai Sitole]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907033|Rosário Salimo Régulo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907034|Rosário Zacarias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907035|Rui António Chundiza]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907038|Saíbo Alberto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907039|Sebastião Dengo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2016-11-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907040|Sebastião dos Santos Temporário]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907041|Tiago Horácio Simba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907042|Tsoquisse Mulaícho Munhiwa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907044|Xavier Aleixo Chicutirene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907046|Zabura Selemane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907047|Zélia da Luz Francisco Muthambe Langa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907048|Ângelo Thai]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907154|Alafu Abdala Sufu]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907155|Albertina Makata]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907157|Alberto José Sabe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907159|Alcinda da Conceição]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2018-06-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907160|Aleke Paulo José Katete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907161|Alexandre Pedro Natividade Capitão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2014-04-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907162|Alfredo Mashalo Ibraimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907166|Angelica Paulo Camões]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907170|António Mussa Inze]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907172|Asraf Amad Kassamo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907173|Augusto Eduardo Chalamanda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907174|Bartolomeu Afonso Baptista Muibo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907175|Beatriz Afonso Murenge]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907176|Berta Lucas]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907177|Botelho Mario Benjamim Chuni]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907178|Caibe Hussen Ali Ussene]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907179|Carlos Filipe Panguana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907180|Carlos Luwanga Sabonete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907182|Chiueche Arone Guenha]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16<br/>2018-04-19 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907183|Claudete da Conceição Fernandes]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2011-11-23<br/>2020-10-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907184|Crisanto João Naiti]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907185|Damião dos Santos Banda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907187|David Machimbuku]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907188|Dário Fernandes Machava]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907189|Eduardo Muaride]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907192|Eulália Nhaculezele Atibe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907193|Faustino Maurício Uamusse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-01-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907194|Feliz Avelino Silvia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-02-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907195|Fernando Guebo Bilali]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907196|Francisco Nangura Muceliua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2013-03-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907198|Graça Lindo Dinheiro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907199|Guerreiro Augusto Mundefa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907200|Guilherme Sampinguira Uissiquete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907201|Haia Ossufo Paquile]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907202|Henrique Alexandre Mandava]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907204|Inácio António Nunes]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907205|Jacinta Sousa Inácio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907206|James Mlando Fausto Njiji]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907208|Joaquim José Mondlane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907209|José António Chuquela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2016-11-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907211|José Paulo da Cruz]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907212|João Afonso]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907213|Judite Anastácia João]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907214|Julieta Gilda João de Brito Chauma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907215|Juvenália Abiatar Mutemba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907217|Leopoldina Manuel Gimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907218|Lourenço Sabonete]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907220|Luisa João Mumba Carlos Gandar Braga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907221|Mateus Adamo Assane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2018-06-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907223|Matilde Nazarena Anchunala]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907224|Muanassa Abubacar]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907228|Nelson Albino Paiva]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907229|Onório Plácido Horácio]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907230|Oreste Bustan]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907231|Patricio Filimone Meque]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907233|Roberto Matola Saide]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907235|Rosa Manuel Andrade da Silva]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907237|Ruquia Mohamed Saide]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907239|Ruquia Muler Gustavo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907240|Sabina Isaias Nhaca Fache]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2019-03-15 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907241|Sabina Sara Hassane Bicá]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907242|Salma Maria Alexandre Machate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907243|Sofia Afonso Jinja Cussaia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907244|Suzete Alberto Dança]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907246|Tania Crescente Elson Canhemba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907247|Teodoro Andrade Waty]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114680327|Valeriano Ferrão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117865667|José Luís Cabaço]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1978 | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q118234712|Alberto Francisco Cassimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 1977-08 | 1981 | |- | ''[[:d:Q118307568|Fernando Honwana]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445098|António Palange]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445181|Jafar S. Cane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445182|José Chicuarra Massinga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445183|Marcos Juma]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445184|Martins Luís Bilal]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445185|Palmerun António Mausse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445186|Tarcisio Gemusse]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449786|Abdala Mussa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449788|Casimiro Santos T Abreu]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449791|Issufo Mecabo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449795|Safura Augusto Conceição]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449801|Miguel Osório Cosme Bonga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449804|Jacinto Manuel Muxanga]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449805|Jorge Francisco Banze]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449807|Pedro Abrahamo Macamo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449808|António Domingos da Cruz]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449810|Eduardo Arão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449812|João Muchine Mudema]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449813|José Chissuco Valentim]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449815|Nazir Yakoob Lunat]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449817|Fernando Jorge Pires]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449858|Celestino de O Cariaco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449868|Fernando Adelino Munava]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449873|Francisco X. R. de Carvalho]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449875|Geraldo Muissa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449876|Jorge Adriano Nampula]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449877|José Mussan]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449880|Mariano Domingos Martins]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449881|Mário Belém Singano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449886|Saide Ali Assane Ismail]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449889|Abdul Kha Leck]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449891|Calisto Paulo Uataia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449892|Eduardo Ulanda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449893|Manuel José A. Mucananda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449894|Augusto Chaviro]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449897|Domingo João]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449898|Domingos Chalé João]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449900|Francisco Caetano Bero]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449902|Luís M. Manuel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449903|Manuel A. Nacinho da Maia]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449905|Alexandre Faite]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449906|Celestino Bento]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449908|Félix Binda Raposo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449909|Joaquim Rui Fernando Augusto]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449910|Jorge Abrão Pires]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449911|José Rafael Kangonda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449912|Virgílio Chaphata]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449913|Abdul Amide Mahomed]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449924|Assane Chawal A. Napa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449934|Bonifácio G. Massamba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449941|Carlos Pereira Klint]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449951|Inusso Ismael]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449960|Adalberto Ussene Pereira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449966|Custódio Domingos Vieira]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449976|Horácio M. S. Matsimbe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449984|Latifo Balão Janela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449985|Mussatar Abdul Aziz]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449986|Orlando António da Graça]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449990|Tayob Ussemane Motany]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449991|Virgílio Carlos S. Miguel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450722|Marcelino Inlave Joaquim]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450725|José Matias Mugalla]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450728|Celestino Chalé Mussa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450730|Carlos Álvaro Fernandes]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450733|Avelino Manuel João]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450735|António Maloa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450738|António Barros F. Namuraha]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450741|Ali Amba]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450743|Jacinto Tonhiua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450746|Humberto Pereira Victorino]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450748|Hassan Ismail Makda]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450751|Amade Chemane C. Júnior]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450757|Jafar Gulamo Jafar]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450761|Narciso Matos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450763|Gaspar Vicente Sitoe]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450764|Mahomed Mogne]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450765|Daniel Ensure]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450766|Custódio Joaquim Simões]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450770|Alberto Zaqueu Jamice]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450772|Luís Desse Semente]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450773|António Dima Manuel]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450775|Alberto Maiosa Canjera]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450776|Aniceto dos Muchangos]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450777|Manuel Mendes da Fonseca]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450780|Mário Cardoso Janela]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450781|Luís Culaire]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450785|Gilberto Miguel Catema]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450787|Arlindo Luís Zacarias]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450788|Adelino A. José Comissão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450789|Abdul Carimo M. Issa]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118613828|Olímpio Victorino Vaz]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2012-08-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q119698834|Edmundo Bonifácio Gruveta Massamba]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126072581|Calide Sidate]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126072582|Margarida Joaquim Mlauzi]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126072584|José Gaspar Mascarenhas]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089379|Yudérsio José Nicolau]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-02-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089431|Florência André Calane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-02-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089460|Sara Maria Ubisse Ussumane]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-04-15 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126099269|Dina André]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2022-05-18 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126099297|Graciano Júlio Francisco]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-07-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126129896|José Tomás Amadeu]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-01-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126130110|Sarfina Filipe Franco Chidaculema]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-01-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126130621|Joaquina Jaime dos Santos Munatica]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-01-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126152117|Maria do Céu Omar do Amaral Nhantumbo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2020-01-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126152485|Elisete Eliseu Machava]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2022-12-13 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126153212|Saíde Issufo Momade]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2023-05-26 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126182947|Lino Manecas Chioza]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2021-02-26 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126183303|Sabina Judite Anastácio João]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2019-03-15 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126183350|Mário Salimo]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2021-01-27 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126196206|Augusto Magaure Fernando]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2019-10-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126196269|Feliz Avelino Silva]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2018-09-17 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126209718|João Pedro Amade]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2017-10-30 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126209739|Marieta Xavier Armando]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2017-10-30 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126211002|Angelina Agripino Ndimalela Mavota]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2012-04-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126366126|Eufrásia Guerra Saleva Jordão]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | 2013-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126370605|Fernando Mbararano]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2011-03-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126370636|Agostinho Macuácua]]'' | | [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]] | | 2011-02-28 | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 0v0k9is68f0pva2hgcdk6h4jw2vqce3 Oníṣe:GerardM/Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Benin 2 66893 632096 621346 2026-08-19T17:46:54Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632096 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Minister of Foreign Affairs of Benin who was Minister twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q54555913 } |section= |sort=P39/Q54555913/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q54555913/P580:Start date,P39/Q54555913/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q58254|Jean-Marie Ehouzou]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 2008 | 2011 | [[Fáìlì:Jean-MarieEhouzou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Hubert Maga]] | | [[Benin]]<br/>[[Fránsì]] | 1963 | 1963 | [[Fáìlì:Hubert Maga (cropped) on September 24th, 1961.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q556547|Frédéric Dohou]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 2006-02-15 | 2006-04-08 | [[Fáìlì:Frédéric Dohou Président du RUSTA.jpeg|center|128px]] |- | [[Émile Derlin Zinsou]] | | [[Benin]]<br/>[[Fránsì]] | 1965<br/>1962 | 1967<br/>1963 | [[Fáìlì:Emile Zinsou (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Tahirou Congacou]] | ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́, Benin | [[Benin]] | 1965 | 1965 | [[Fáìlì:Tahirou Congacou illustration.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3093841|Gabriel Lozès]]'' | | [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Benin]] | 1964 | 1965 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3291194|Mariam Aladji Boni Diallo]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 2006-04-10 | 2007-06-17 | [[Fáìlì:Mariam Aladji Boni Diallo August 10, 2012.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3326222|Moussa Okanla]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 2007 | 2008 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3434985|Robert Dossou]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1993 | 1995 | [[Fáìlì:Robert Dossou à l'installation officielle du Sénat au Bénin le 30 juillet 2026 à Porto-Novo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3438580|Rogatien Biaou]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 2003-06-12 | 2006-02-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3526434|Théodore Holo]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1991 | 1992 | [[Fáìlì:Théodore Holo en 2010.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4775490|Antoine Idji Kolawolé]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1998 | 2003 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4810288|Assogba Oké]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1960 | 1962 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4890172|Benoît Sinzogan]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1969<br/>1967 | 1970<br/>1968 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5218899|Daniel Tawéma]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1989-08-05 | 1990-03-14 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5227865|Daouda Badarou]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1970-05-07<br/>1968-07-31 | 1971-08-04<br/>1969-12-18 | [[Fáìlì:Daouda Badarou.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5337536|Edgar Yves Monnou]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1995 | 1996 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506668|Frédéric Affo]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1984 | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6836259|Michel Ahouanmènou]]'' | | [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Benin]] | 1971-08-04 | 1972-10-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6836265|Michel Alladayè]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1972 | 1980 | [[Fáìlì:Michel Alladaye.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7192390|Pierre Osho]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1996-04 | 1998-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7426829|Saturnin Soglo]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1992 | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7519027|Simon Ifèdé Ogouma]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1980 | 1982 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7799883|Théophile Nata]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1990 | 1991 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7800108|Tiamiou Adjibadé]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1982 | 1984 | |- | ''[[:d:Q15452224|Guy Landry Hazoumé]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 1987 | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16840908|Aurélien Agbénonci]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 2016-04-06 | 2023-05-23 | [[Fáìlì:Aurélien Agbénonci, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Benin, 2018.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16886636|Nassirou Bako Arifari]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 2011-05 | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20810391|Saliou Akadiri]]'' | | [[Benin]] | 2015 | 2016 | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 9vbinrh9jex51e3ad6swr18kdhfm2k8 Oníṣe:GerardM/Regions of Morocco 2 67176 632074 619543 2026-08-19T17:06:40Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q845643 } |section= |sort=label |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P18:Image,P242:Map |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Image ! Map |- | ''[[:d:Q19953016|Béni Mellal-Khénifra]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:Piscine naturel d'Ouzoud.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Béni Mellal-Khénifra in Morocco.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19843788|Casablanca-Settat]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | | [[Fáìlì:Casablanca-Settat in Morocco.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21235104|Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:Dakhla Peninsula Monument.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Dakhla-Oued Ed Dahab in Morocco (Morocco view).svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19950954|Drâa-Tafilalet]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:Barrage el Monsour Eddahabi. Ouarzazate - Flickr - gailhampshire.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Drâa-Tafilalet in Morocco (Morocco view).svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19951027|Fès-Meknès]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:Conseil Région Fès Meknès.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Fès-Meknès in Morocco.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19951051|Guelmim-Oued Noun]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:Lgzira.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Guelmim-Oued Noun region locator map.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19951088|Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Áràbù Sàhráwì]] | [[Fáìlì:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region locator map.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19951125|Marrakesh-Safi]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:It S On You (260492513).jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Marrakech-Safi region locator map.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q23048167|Oriental]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:Jebel Tamejout.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:L'oriental in Morocco.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19951239|Rabat-Salé-Kénitra]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:Tour de Hassan (6145492518).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Rabat-Salé-Kénitra in Morocco.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20652586|Souss-Massa]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:In the Marina of Agadir (33392688025).png|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Souss-Massa in Morocco.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19951300|Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima]]'' | | [[Morocco|Mòrókò]] | [[Fáìlì:Tangier (23171358122).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Tanger Tetouan Hoceima Region Locator map.svg|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} e01x1x6702cmibmt9pqnvlzs6dw5j0t Oníṣe:GerardM/Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences 2 67879 632194 631704 2026-08-19T20:51:22Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632194 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q69326471 Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT DISTINCT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count) (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "/missing{{!}}📖]]") AS ?scholia) WHERE { ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q69326471 . OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item } } GROUP BY ?item|section= |sort=P166/Q69326471/P585 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q69326471/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! iṣẹ́ oòjọ́ rẹ̀ ! ORCID iD ! Google Scholar author ID ! VIAF ID ! Date conferred ! Image ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q137101565|Joseph Roland Atsu Ayee]]'' | | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101565|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101565/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137101573|Daniel Mireku-Gyimah]]'' | | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101573|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101573/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137101583|Kofi Opoku Nti]]'' | | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101583|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101583/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137101591|Jacob Songsore]]'' | | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101591|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101591/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137101597|Samuel Kofi Adjepong]]'' | | | | | 2008 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101597|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101597/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137101619|Godwin Kwaku Senanu Aflakpui]]'' | | | | | 2010 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101619|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101619/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q46995605|Robert K. A. Gardiner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/265858339 265858339] | 1970 | [[Fáìlì:Robert Gardiner with American diplomats posted to West African countries during regional conference.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46995605|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46995605/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7926065|Victor Kofi Agawu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/24705369 24705369] | 2000 | [[Fáìlì:Kofi Agawu 2017 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7926065|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7926065/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58241444|John S. Pobee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1423891|Christian minister]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/93085929 93085929] | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58241444|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58241444/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55214946|Dorcas Osei-Safo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7311-3485 0000-0001-7311-3485] | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55214946|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55214946/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137103551|Kwasi Kwafo Adarkwa]]'' | | | | | 2010 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103551/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137103811|Aaron Lante Lawson]]'' | | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103811/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137103963|James Hawkins Ephriam]]'' | | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103963/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16001775|Marian Ewurama Addy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/221075835 221075835] | 1999 | [[Fáìlì:Portrait of Marian Ewurama Addy for Wiki Unseen (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16001775|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16001775/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105675663|Nana Aba Appiah Amfo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7689-4894 0000-0002-7689-4894] | | | 2021 | [[Fáìlì:Prof Nana Aba Appiah.png|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105675663|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105675663/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3603738|Ablade Glover]]'' | [[oníṣọ̀nà]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/170558333 170558333] | 2010 | [[Fáìlì:Ablade Glover.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3603738|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3603738/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q64876341|Evelyn Ansah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-8606 0000-0003-0401-8606] | | | 2025 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64876341|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64876341/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137106230|Batholomew Dicky Akanmori]]'' | | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106230|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106230/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137106235|Benjamin Kwadwo Ahunu]]'' | | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106235|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106235/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137106239|Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko]]'' | | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106239|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106239/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137106254|Kantinka Kwame Donkoh Fordwor]]'' | | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106254|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106254/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137106278|Dwomah Adu]]'' | | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106278|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106278/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137106286|Arthur Commey Sackeyfio]]'' | | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106286|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106286/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137106290|Stephen Allan Brobbey]]'' | | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106290/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137106293|Henry Nii-Adziri Wellington]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106293|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106293/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5479986|Francis Allotey]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/21408100 21408100] | 1971 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5479986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5479986/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111015735|Ladé Wosornu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]'' | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015735|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015735/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111015897|Samuel Ofosu-Amaah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1972 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015897|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015897/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111015953|Francis Kwesi Nkrumah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]'' | | | | 1983 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015953|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015953/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137111363|Benjamin Jabez Botwe Nyarko]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137111363|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137111363/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105394623|Agyeman Badu Akosa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]] | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105394623|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105394623/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q54358710|George Benneh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/19818501 19818501] | 1992 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54358710|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54358710/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137112720|Yaw Serfor-Armah]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137112720|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137112720/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105828374|Takyiwaa Manuh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-2458 0000-0003-4605-2458] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/17549873 17549873] | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105828374|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105828374/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55081333|Akosua Adoma Perbi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/64315244 64315244] | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55081333|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55081333/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97467404|Herbert Winful]]'' | | | | | 2022 | [[Fáìlì:Herbert winful portrait.png|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q97467404|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q97467404/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105829330|Eugenia Date-Bah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829330|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829330/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q130771642|Steve Tonah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7403-9408 0009-0000-7403-9408] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/69613861 69613861] | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q130771642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q130771642/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16734239|Vincent Cyril Richard Arthur Charles Crabbe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''<br/>[[amòfin]]<br/>[[Adájọ́]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/9097469 9097469] | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16734239|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16734239/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5345157|Edward S. Ayensu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104188750|life scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1345663|development worker]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sTCOg4EAAAAJ sTCOg4EAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/66555068 66555068] | 1970 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5345157|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5345157/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6504143|Lawrence Henry Yaw Ofosu-Appiah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18916625|hellenist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16314501|encyclopedist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q333634|translator]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27106188 27106188] | 1961 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6504143|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6504143/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q109735228|Bruce Kofi Banoeng-Yakubo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5824-3169 0000-0001-5824-3169] | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q109735228|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q109735228/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q38803731|Godfred Darko]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-646X 0000-0001-7157-646X] | | | 2024 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38803731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38803731/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65619811|Edwin Jackson Anafi Asomaning]]'' | | | | | 1970 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65619811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65619811/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17612440|Ivan Addae Mensah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | | | | 1992 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612440|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612440/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72542674|Samuel Yeboah Mensah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542674|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542674/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q64759401|Emmanuel Quaye Archampong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/5111161212113340070004 5111161212113340070004]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68021241 68021241] | 1976 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64759401|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64759401/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6226728|John Collins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20669622|music journalist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q639669|olórin]]''<br/>[[akọ̀ròyìn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q753110|songwriter]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/112659683 112659683] | 2019 | [[Fáìlì:John Collins (musician-researcher).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6226728|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6226728/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71680967|Richard Tuyee Awuah]]'' | | | | | 2008 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71680967|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71680967/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18340364|Aba Andam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2123587 2123587] | 2003 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18340364|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18340364/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65054359|Samuel Nii Odai]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-5376 0000-0002-9910-5376] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ojrZBrkAAAAJ ojrZBrkAAAAJ] | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65054359|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65054359/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61161810|Regina Appiah-Opong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-7107 0000-0003-4219-7107] | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61161810|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61161810/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137140103|Hans Adu Dappah]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140103|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140103/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137140572|John Wisdom Tettey]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140572/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137140936|Daniel Buor]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140936/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5081343|Charles Odamtten Easmon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/207101141 207101141] | 1971 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5081343|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5081343/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q108739722|Joshua Yindenaba Abor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q56352811|financial economist]]'' | | | | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q108739722|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q108739722/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28870489|Dorothy Yeboah-Manu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-6287 0000-0002-1663-6287] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/315597104 315597104] | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28870489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28870489/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q102109219|Martin Odei Ajei]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102109219|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102109219/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137143876|James Dankwa]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143876/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137143881|Sylvester Kojo Danuor]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143881|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143881/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137143894|Geroge Tawia Odamtten]]'' | | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143894|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143894/missing|📖]] |- | [[Kofi Annan]] | ''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/98713807 98713807] | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:Kofi Annan 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1254|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1254/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6240490|John Hunwick]]'' | ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q620573|arabist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q333634|translator]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q101444619|Arabic teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/88041609 88041609] | 1976 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6240490|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6240490/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1483543|Joseph Osei-Bonsu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q250867|Catholic priest]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q611644|Catholic bishop]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/95246715 95246715] | 2025 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1483543|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1483543/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2637530|Albert Adu Boahen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/56634367 56634367] | 1969 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637530|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637530/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19938088|William Emmanuel Abraham]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>[[olùkọ̀wé]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/119064446 119064446] | 1960 | [[Fáìlì:WE ABRAHAM.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19938088|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19938088/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18353479|Emmanuel K. Akyeampong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-1738 0000-0001-8146-1738] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Pvw7_dcAAAAJ Pvw7_dcAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/32224150 32224150] | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18353479|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18353479/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57856831|Paa Kobina Turkson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-2021 0000-0002-5319-2021] | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57856831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57856831/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47188667|Jonathan Narh Ayertey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]'' | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47188667|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47188667/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q69679368|Isabella Akyinbah Quakyi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9csuOUAAAAAJ 9csuOUAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/317185589 317185589] | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69679368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69679368/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q136141984|Dennis Dominic Adjei]]'' | [[Adájọ́]] | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136141984|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136141984/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47189886|Albert George Baidoe Amoah]]'' | | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47189886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47189886/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137152559|Helen Lauer]]'' | | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137152559|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137152559/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137153120|Albert Kanlisi Awedoba]]'' | | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137153120|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137153120/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1777921|Kobina Arku Korsah]]'' | [[amòfin]]<br/>[[Adájọ́]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/73508244 73508244] | 1959 | [[Fáìlì:Sir-Kobina-Arku-Korsah.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1777921|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1777921/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5238191|David Ofori-Adjei]]'' | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-4188 0000-0003-1912-4188] | | | 2009 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5238191|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5238191/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137154398|Jospehine Akosua Abrefi Adomako Ampofo]]'' | | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137154398|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137154398/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137011986|Letitia E. Obeng]]'' | | | | | 1965 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137011986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137011986/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q98662836|Francis Hasford]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-8004 0000-0003-0252-8004] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/40162060270251400066 40162060270251400066] | 2025 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98662836|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98662836/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137013467|Reginald Fraiser Amonoo]]'' | | | | | 1972 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137013467|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137013467/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137157691|George Wireko Brobbey]]'' | | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137157691|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137157691/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57864406|David Kofi Essumang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-7895 0000-0002-0589-7895] | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57864406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57864406/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57864724|Daniel K. Asiedu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-8223 0000-0001-7410-8223] | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57864724|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57864724/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137014461|Kodwo Ewusi]]'' | | | | | 1989 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137014461|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137014461/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137159026|Helen Yitah Atamube]]'' | | | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137159026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137159026/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q117840680|Anaba Anankyela Alemna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5340962|library science education]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q182436|librarian]]'' | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q117840680|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q117840680/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137160031|Bill B. Puplampu]]'' | | | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160031|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160031/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137160255|Julius Najah Fobil]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160255/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137160777|George Obeng-Adjei]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160777|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160777/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137160907|Yaw Adu-Gyamfi]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160907/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137160986|Kwaku Appiah-Adu]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160986/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137161012|Edward Kofi Quashigah]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137161012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137161012/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137161045|Victor Kwame Agyeman]]'' | | | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137161045|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137161045/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5392741|Ernest Aryeetey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3931-9487 0000-0002-3931-9487] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/114136397 114136397] | 2009 | [[Fáìlì:Board and Staff 2013 (10036911864).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5392741|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5392741/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137164191|Samuel Akobour Yaw Debrah]]'' | | | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164191|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164191/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137164194|Peter R. Lamptey]]'' | | | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164194|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164194/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137164512|Kofi Agyekum]]'' | | | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164512/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137164551|Emmanuel Bekoe Larbi]]'' | | | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164551/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137164602|Amos K. Laar]]'' | | | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164602|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164602/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q63638114|Felix Ameka]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13418253|philologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jpN2GQUAAAAJ jpN2GQUAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/119429856 119429856] | 2015 | [[Fáìlì:FelixAmeka2022.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63638114|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63638114/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q86849509|Kwamena Bentsi-Enchill]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/72781935 72781935] | 1970 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86849509|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86849509/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q88147153|Anna Lartey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7870-2606 0000-0002-7870-2606] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6787161514255570750007 6787161514255570750007] | 2025 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88147153|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88147153/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137164965|Elsie Effah Kauffmann]]'' | | | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164965|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164965/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137022010|Samuel Kwadwo Owusu]]'' | | | | | 1993 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022010/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137022244|Edward Donkor Yeboah]]'' | | | | | 1995 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022244|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022244/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137022371|Yaw Ahenkorah]]'' | | | | | 1996 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022371/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137023574|Godwin Kwaku Nukunya]]'' | | | | | 1998 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023574|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023574/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168000|John Tei Anim]]'' | | | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168000|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168000/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168011|Sarah Darkwa]]'' | | | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168011|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168011/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168064|Ace Anan Ankomah]]'' | | | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168064|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168064/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168094|Joseph Awetori Yaro]]'' | | | | | 2023 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168094|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168094/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168106|Alex Boakye Asiedu]]'' | | | | | 2023 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168106|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168106/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168138|Samuel Egyir Aggrey]]'' | | | | | 2024 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168138|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168138/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168153|Joe-Nat Afutu Clegg-Lamptey]]'' | | | | | 2024 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168153|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168153/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168195|Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe]]'' | | | | | 2024 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168195|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168195/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168283|Frederick Yeboah Obese]]'' | | | | | 2024 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168283|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168283/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137168308|Ibok Nsa Ekpenyong Oduro]]'' | | | | | 2024 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168308|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168308/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137169656|Pius Thomas Kumah Agbenorku]]'' | | | | | 2025 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137169656|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137169656/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1794906|Kwame Gyekye]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/56640715 56640715] | 1989 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1794906|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1794906/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51245976|Richmond Aryeetey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-592X 0000-0003-4667-592X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1015160245381652640004 1015160245381652640004] | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51245976|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51245976/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65086418|Marian Asantewah Nkansah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-6741 0000-0001-6187-6741] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ro-ktVgAAAAJ Ro-ktVgAAAAJ] | | 2022 | [[Fáìlì:Marian Asantewah 2019.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65086418|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65086418/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7562842|Sophia Akuffo]]'' | [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>[[amòfin]]<br/>[[Adájọ́]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/32173908086919952171 32173908086919952171] | 2021 | [[Fáìlì:Sophia Akuffo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7562842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7562842/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q66817636|Grace Ofori-Sarpong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9448-4864 0000-0002-9448-4864] | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66817636|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66817636/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q48796396|Dzodzi Tsikata]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-8268 0000-0003-0547-8268] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/61762600 61762600] | 2016 | [[Fáìlì:Dzodzi Tsikata in the video 'Making their voices count the situation in Ghana'.png|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48796396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48796396/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57015101|Adams B. Bodomo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-3681 0000-0002-3807-3681] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VJErq8AAAAAJ VJErq8AAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/61836456 61836456] | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57015101|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57015101/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q127660961|Franklin Obeng-Odoom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-7751 0000-0003-3997-7751] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qCiFFWEAAAAJ qCiFFWEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/284175015 284175015] | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q127660961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q127660961/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1079879|Christian Goncalves Kwami Baëta]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q219477|missionary]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/79133374 79133374] | 1961 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1079879|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1079879/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q14920500|Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/395163091939595070007 395163091939595070007]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68619615 68619615] | 2005 | [[Fáìlì:Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q14920500|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q14920500/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137034402|Walter Sandow Alhassan]]'' | | | | | 2000 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137034402|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137034402/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137180953|Japhet Christian Norman]]'' | | | | | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137180953|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137180953/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137184426|Emmanuel Amano Boateng]]'' | | | | | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137184426|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137184426/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60486176|Ama de-Graft Aikins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-0134 0000-0001-9215-0134] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/308758174 308758174] | 2016 | [[Fáìlì:Ama de-Gratft Aikins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60486176|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60486176/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q95952810|Gladys Amponsah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-6542 0000-0002-0503-6542] | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q95952810|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q95952810/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137185689|F.G.I. Torto]]'' | | | | | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185689|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185689/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137185713|Nii Amaah Ollennu]]'' | | | | | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185713|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185713/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137185721|J A K Quartey]]'' | | | | | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185721|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185721/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q125220430|Samuel Kingsley Botwe Asante]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/24675676 24675676] | 2002 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q125220430|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q125220430/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137186860|Sifas R. Dodu]]'' | | | | | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137186860|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137186860/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5415879|Evans Anfom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/4090993 4090993] | 1971 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5415879|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5415879/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3397837|Kofi Anyidoho]]'' | ''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81708330|teacher of literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-750X 0000-0001-8643-750X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/79047971 79047971] | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3397837|20]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3397837/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q63373429|Peter Quartey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-8500 0000-0002-3473-8500] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/165967872 165967872] | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63373429|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63373429/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137044486|Aba Ayisa Bentil Andam]]'' | | | | | 2003 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137044486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137044486/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q374395|Fred Kwasi Apaloo]]'' | [[Adájọ́]]<br/>[[amòfin]] | | | | 1986 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q374395|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q374395/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137191869|Fredrick Torgbor Sai]]'' | | | | | 1961 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191869|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191869/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137191888|J.C. de Graft-Johnson]]'' | | | | | 1961 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191888/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137191907|Emmanuel. Lartey]]'' | | | | | 1962 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191907/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q62511897|Silas Dodu]]'' | | | | | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62511897|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62511897/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137191948|Francis K. Apaloo]]'' | | | | | 1962 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191948|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191948/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137191959|Joseph Yanney Ewusie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]'' | | | | 1963 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191959/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137191966|Daniel Adjei Bekoe]]'' | | | | | 1964 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191966|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191966/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137192490|Albert Nii Tackie]]'' | | | | | 1964 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192490|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192490/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137192497|John E. Cudjoe]]'' | | | | | 1964 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192497|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192497/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137192503|Dan Akyeampong]]'' | | | | | 1969 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192503|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192503/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5133018|Clifford Nii Boi Tagoe]]'' | | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5133018|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5133018/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137048947|Henritta Joy Abena Nyarko Mensa-Bonsu]]'' | | | | | 2003 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048947/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137048945|Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf]]'' | | | | | 2003 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048945|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048945/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137048957|Victor Patrick Yao Gadzekpo]]'' | | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048957/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q112540134|Richard Frimpong Oppong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/266995248 266995248] | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112540134|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112540134/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137193206|K.A. Dickson]]'' | | | | | 1969 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137193206|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137193206/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137049695|Raphael Kasim Kasanga]]'' | | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049695|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049695/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137049699|Emmanuel Kofi Gyimah-Boadi]]'' | | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049699|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049699/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137049702|Samuel Kofi Sefa-Dedeh]]'' | | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049702|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049702/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137049708|Edward Horga Kordzo Akaho]]'' | | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049708|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049708/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137194888|Robert Kwamena Gardiner]]'' | | | | | 1970 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194888/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137194912|Kwesi Wiredu]]'' | | | | | 1975 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194912/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137194951|R.F. Ampofo]]'' | | | | | 1976 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194951|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194951/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137194985|Jonathan H. Frimpong-Ansah]]'' | | | | | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194985/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137194994|David Kpakpo Aquaye]]'' | | | | | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194994/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195008|Daniel Asamoah Ampofo]]'' | | | | | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195008|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195008/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195090|Reginald Kofi Gyapayin Assoku]]'' | | | | | 1986 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195090|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195090/missing|📖]] |- | [[JB Danquah]] | ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>[[amòfin]]<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''<br/>[[olùkọ̀wé]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/111590 111590] | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q377908|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q377908/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195206|Emmanuel Nana Wadie Oppong]]'' | | | | | 1986 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195206|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195206/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195681|Lawrence Addai Boadi]]'' | | | | | 1990 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195681|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195681/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195748|Max Assimeng]]'' | | | | | 1992 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195748|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195748/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195754|Seth Yeboa Bimpong-Buta]]'' | | | | | 1997 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195754|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195754/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195789|Dominic Kofi Agyeman]]'' | | | | | 2002 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195789/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195797|Ralph Mills-Tettey]]'' | | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195797|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195797/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137195814|Emmanuel Owusu-Bennoah]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195814|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195814/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137052330|Albert Kodzo Fiadjoe]]'' | | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137052330|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137052330/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q133594246|Kwasi Ampene]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/119388541 119388541] | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133594246|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133594246/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20855161|Letitia Obeng]]'' | ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/271978226 271978226] | 1965 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20855161|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20855161/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q32678414|Gordon A. Awandare]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-3641 0000-0002-8793-3641] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/83153833254564332890 83153833254564332890] | 2019 | [[Fáìlì:Prof. Gordon Awandare portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32678414|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32678414/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q133023526|Samuel Kofi Tulashie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/159053698 159053698] | 2025 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133023526|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133023526/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q965420|J. H. Kwabena Nketia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q36834|composer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17484288|ethnomusicologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2622069 2622069] | 1959 | [[Fáìlì:J. H. Kwabena Nketia 2015 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q965420|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q965420/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q87759005|Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46801406 46801406] | 1989 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87759005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87759005/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70170830|Andrew Anthony Adjei]]'' | | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YZ2luxAAAAAJ YZ2luxAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/317185588 317185588] | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70170830|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70170830/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55610828|Emmanuel Asante]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831474|presbyter]]'' | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55610828|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55610828/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30237695|George C. Clerk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6244303 6244303] | 1973 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30237695|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30237695/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6449932|Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng]]'' | ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68597176 68597176] | 2002 | [[Fáìlì:Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6449932|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6449932/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6450349|Kwesi Dickson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q42603|priest]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/79410404 79410404] | 1969 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6450349|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6450349/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q32978880|Ebenezer Laing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/92014961 92014961] | 1965 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32978880|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32978880/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18131843|Alexander Kwapong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16727193|humanities scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/105255181 105255181] | 1959 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18131843|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18131843/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43073394|Kwesi Yankah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | | | | 1999 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43073394|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43073394/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q124675548|RoseEmma Mamaa Entsua-Mensah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q96952661|fisheries scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108369443|aquatic ecologist]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DG9HHrEAAAAJ DG9HHrEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/43783804 43783804] | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q124675548|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q124675548/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q546121|Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q250867|Catholic priest]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q611644|Catholic bishop]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/26330636 26330636] | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:Peter Turkson (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q546121|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q546121/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q104781085|Maxwell Opoku-Afari]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104781085|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104781085/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7034351|Nii Quaynor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | | | 2021 | [[Fáìlì:Nii Quaynor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7034351|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7034351/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15975603|Alfred Apau Oteng-Yeboah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3578589|environmentalist]]'' | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15975603|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15975603/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21598237|Felix Konotey-Ahulu]]'' | [[oníṣègùn]] | | | | 1970 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21598237|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21598237/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q123238535|Anthony Apeke Adimado]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-4845 0000-0002-6444-4845] | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q123238535|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q123238535/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q114877387|Samuel Gyasi Obeng]]'' | ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-6908 0000-0002-3793-6908] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/32217495 32217495] | 2023 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114877387|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114877387/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70618973|Paul-Kingsley Buah-Bassuah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2691 0000-0001-9831-2691] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jNVeQjMAAAAJ jNVeQjMAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/30150380436513370888 30150380436513370888] | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618973|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618973/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72204932|Seth Kofi Akyea Danso]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 1997 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72204932|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72204932/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1417844|Peter Kwasi Sarpong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q250867|Catholic priest]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q611644|Catholic bishop]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/56651758 56651758] | 2001 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1417844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1417844/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q63699917|Akilagpa Sawyerr]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/108799880 108799880] | 1992 | [[Fáìlì:Akilagpa Sawyerr 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63699917|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63699917/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18719171|Samuel Date-Bah]]'' | [[amòfin]]<br/>[[Adájọ́]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/73338028 73338028] | 2000 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18719171|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18719171/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q27947623|John Owusu Gyapong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-1468 0000-0002-8415-1468] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vLXYL5cAAAAJ vLXYL5cAAAAJ] | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27947623|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27947623/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q98159384|Gabriel Ayum Teye]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-5199 0000-0002-9564-5199] | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98159384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98159384/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q114740219|Samuel Agyei-Mensah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-393X 0000-0002-6418-393X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2ZzSOK0AAAAJ 2ZzSOK0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2446551 2446551]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/3203161211627840070009 3203161211627840070009] | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114740219|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114740219/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89655301|Eric Sampane-Donkor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-546X 0000-0002-5179-546X] | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89655301|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89655301/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42659477|Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]]'' | [[amòfin]]<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55736868|national supreme court judge]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/23875795 23875795] | 2003 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42659477|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42659477/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q41080249|Kwame Bediako]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6642643 6642643] | 1996 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41080249|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41080249/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19600108|Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19600108|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19600108/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137101555|Laud Ato Quayson]]'' | | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101555|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101555/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137101552|Raymond Bagulo Bening]]'' | | | | | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101552|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101552/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137101567|Kaku Sagary Nokoe]]'' | | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101567|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101567/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 34p8nccuiyk92phk7cikkkc0o27s6f2 Mark Zuckerberg 0 68240 632188 622036 2026-08-19T20:02:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Oníṣòwò àti olùkọ̀wé-kọ̀m̀pútà ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (tí a bí ní 1984)}} {{infobox person | name = Mark Zuckerberg | image = File:Mark Zuckerberg in September 2025 (cropped).jpg | alt = Ìwò ẹ̀gbẹ́ Zuckerberg tí ó ń rẹ́rìn-ín tí ó sì wọ aṣọ suit pẹ̀lú táì onílà | caption = Zuckerberg ní 2025 | birth_name = Mark Elliot Zuckerberg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|05|14}} | nickname = Zuck | birth_place = [[White Plains, New York]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Oníṣòwò|olùkọ̀wé-kọ̀m̀pútà}} | title = {{indented plainlist| * Alájùmọ̀dásílẹ̀, alága àti Aláṣẹ Àgbà (CEO) ti [[Meta Platforms]] àti [[Facebook]] * Alájùmọ̀dásílẹ̀ àti alájùmọ̀ṣe Aláṣẹ Àgbà (co-CEO) ti [[Chan Zuckerberg Initiative]]}} | education = [[Harvard University]] (ó jáwọ́ nínú ẹ̀kọ́)| years_active = 2004–dúnmọ́ | spouse = {{marriage|[[Priscilla Chan]]|2012}}| children = 3 | relatives = {{plain list| *[[Randi Zuckerberg]] (arabìnrin) *[[Donna Zuckerberg]] (arabìnrin) }} | website = {{URL|facebook.com/zuck}} | signature = Mark Zuckerberg Signature.svg }} '''Mark Elliot Zuckerberg''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|ʌ|k|ər|b|ɜr|g}}; tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún, 1984) jẹ́ oníṣòwò àti olùkọ̀wé-kọ̀m̀pútà (programmer) ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà tí ó jẹ́ alájùmọ̀dásílẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ ayélujára [[Facebook]] àti ilé-iṣẹ́ òbí rẹ̀ [[Meta Platforms]]. Òun ni alága Meta, aláṣẹ àgbà (CEO), àti oní-ìpín tí ó ní àkóso. Zuckerberg lọ sí [[Harvard College]] fún ìgbà díẹ̀, ó sì ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ Facebook níbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kejì 2004 pẹ̀lú àwọn alábàágbé rẹ̀ [[Eduardo Saverin]], [[Andrew McCollum]], [[Dustin Moskovitz]] àti [[Chris Hughes]]. Zuckerberg mú [[Initial public offering of Facebook|ilé-iṣẹ́ náà di ti gbogbo gbòò ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 2012]] pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpín. Ó di bílíọ̀nà tó dá dúró [[Self-made man|fúnra rẹ̀]] tí ọjọ́-orí rẹ̀ kéré jùlọ{{efn|[[Kylie Jenner]] was thought to be the youngest until it was reported that [[Kylie Jenner#Forbes cover|she had allegedly forged documents]] to make her appear to be a billionaire.<ref name="Lies">{{Cite web|title=Inside Kylie Jenner's Web Of Lies—And Why She's No Longer A Billionaire|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2020/05/29/inside-kylie-jennerss-web-of-lies-and-why-shes-no-longer-a-billionaire/#791af1b625f7|last1=Peterson-Withorn|first1=Chase|last2=Berg|first2=Madeline|date=May 29, 2020|website=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529134308/https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2020/05/29/inside-kylie-jennerss-web-of-lies-and-why-shes-no-longer-a-billionaire/#791af1b625f7|url-status=live}}</ref><br> <br> In October 2025, according to ''[[Forbes]]'', [[Mercor]] co-founders Adarsh Hiremath, Brendan Foody and Surya Midha became the world's youngest self-made billionaries at age 22 each.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Richard |last=Nieva |title=The World’s Youngest Self-Made Billionaires Are A Trio Of 22-Year-Old AI Founders |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardnieva/2025/10/30/mercor-youngest-self-made-billionaires/ |date=October 30, 2025 |access-date=November 1, 2025 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> }} ní 2008, ní ọmọ ọdún 23, ó sì ti wà lára [[The World's Billionaires|àwọn olówó jùlọ ní àgbáyé]] léraléra. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''[[Forbes]]'' ṣe sọ, iye owó Zuckerberg tó US$251 bílíọ̀nù ní Oṣù Kẹwàá 2025, èyí tí ó sọ ọ́ di ènìyàn kẹta tí ó lówó jùlọ ní àgbáyé.<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite magazine |date= |title=THE REAL-TIME BILLIONAIRES LIST |url=https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/ |access-date=October 21, 2025 |magazine=Forbes}}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìròyìn gbe e jáde ní oṣù tí ó tẹ̀lé e pé òun ni ènìyàn kẹfà tí ó lówó jùlọ ní àgbáyé báyìí pẹ̀lú iye owó tí a fojú bù pé ó tó $229 bílíọ̀nù lẹ́yìn tí ìpín Meta pàdánù iye lórí ọjà.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/mark-e-zuckerberg/|title=#6 Mark Zuckerberg|date=November 30, 2025|accessdate=November 30, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2025/11/06/mark-zuckerberg-drops-to-sixth-richest-after-meta-stock-slides/|title=Mark Zuckerberg Drops To Sixth-Richest After Meta Stock Slides|first=Ty|last=Roush|publisher=Forbes|date=November 6, 2025|accessdate=November 30, 2025}}</ref> Ó ti lo àwọn owó rẹ̀ láti ṣètò ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìtọrẹ ńlá, pẹ̀lú dídá [[Chan Zuckerberg Initiative]] sílẹ̀. Sinimá kan tí ó dá lórí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ Zuckerberg, àwọn wàhálà òfin àti àṣeyọrí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Facebook, ''[[The Social Network]]'', jáde ní 2010 ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ [[Academy Awards]]. Òkìkí rẹ̀ àti bí ó ṣe yára gòkè ní ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ti fa àkíyèsí òṣèlú àti ti òfin. Ó ti dojúkọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹjọ́ nípa dídá àti nini ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù náà àti àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi àṣírí àwọn olùlò (user privacy). ==Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ ayé== A bí Mark Elliot Zuckerberg ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún, 1984, ní [[White Plains, New York]], sínú ẹbí [[Jews|Júù]], Dr. Edward Zuckerberg, oníṣègùn eyín, àti Karen ({{nee|Kempner}}), oníṣègùn ọpọlọ.<ref>{{cite news|last=Burrell|first=Ian|date=July 24, 2010|title=Mark Zuckerberg: He's got the whole world on his site|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/mark-zuckerberg-he-s-got-the-whole-world-on-his-site-2034134.html|newspaper=The Independent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028103534/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/mark-zuckerberg-he-s-got-the-whole-world-on-his-site-2034134.html|archive-date=October 28, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Shaer|first=Matthew|title=The Zuckerbergs of Dobbs Ferry|url=https://nymag.com/news/features/zuckerberg-family-2012-5/index1.html|magazine=New York|date=May 4, 2012 |issue=May 14, 2012|access-date=May 21, 2012|archive-date=May 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510060755/http://nymag.com/news/features/zuckerberg-family-2012-5/index1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A tọ́ òun àti àwọn arábìnrin rẹ̀ mẹ́ta (Arielle, [[Randi Zuckerberg|Randi]], àti [[Donna Zuckerberg|Donna]]) dàgbà nínú ilé [[Reform Judaism|Reform Jewish]]<ref name=Haartez>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/zuckerbergs-curated-jewish-conscience-is-shallow-and-evasive-1.5455322|newspaper=Haaretz|title=Mark Zuckerberg's carefully curated Jewish conscience is both shallow and evasive|first=Anshel|last=Pfeffer|date=October 4, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2018|archive-date=May 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512113816/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/zuckerbergs-curated-jewish-conscience-is-shallow-and-evasive-1.5455322|url-status=live|archivedate=May 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512113816/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/zuckerbergs-curated-jewish-conscience-is-shallow-and-evasive-1.5455322|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ní [[Dobbs Ferry, New York]].<ref name="NEWYORKER2010">{{cite magazine|access-date=September 22, 2010|url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/09/20/100920fa_fact_vargas|title=The Face of Facebook|magazine=The New Yorker|date=September 20, 2010|author=Vargas, Jose Antonio|archive-date=September 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918081147/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/09/20/100920fa_fact_vargas|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn òbí-bàbá-nlá rẹ̀ jẹ́ aṣíwá láti Austria, Germany, àti Poland.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zuckerberg|first=Mark|url=https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103460278231481 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/4/10103460278231481 |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |url-access=limited|title=My great grandparents came from Germany, Austria, and Poland.|publisher=Facebook|date=January 27, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Zuckerberg kọ́kọ́ lọ sí [[Ardsley High School]] kí ó tó yípadà sí [[Phillips Exeter Academy]]. Òun ni olórí ẹgbẹ́ fencing.<ref name=Kirkpatrick>{{cite book |title=The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David |year=2010 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4391-0211-4 |pages=20–21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RRUkLhyGZVgC&pg=PA20 |access-date=November 9, 2010 |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112180905/http://books.google.com/books?id=RRUkLhyGZVgC&pg=PA20 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/6/10/mark-e-zuckerberg-06-the-whiz |title=Mark E. Zuckerberg '06: The whiz behind thefacebook.com |newspaper=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |date=June 10, 2004 |access-date=August 30, 2010 |archive-date=September 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929161740/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/6/10/mark-e-zuckerberg-06-the-whiz/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ìdàgbàsókè Software === ==== Àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ==== Zuckerberg kọ́ ìmọ̀ kíkọ ètò kọ̀m̀pútà (computer programming) láti ìgbà èwe rẹ̀. Ní nǹkan bí ọmọ ọdún mọ́kànlá, ó dá "ZuckNet" sílẹ̀, ètò kan tí ó gba àwọn kọ̀m̀pútà ní ilé ẹbí àti ọ́fíìsì iṣẹ́ eyín bàbá rẹ̀ láyè láti bá ara wọn sọ̀rọ̀.<ref>{{cite web |last= Wagner |first= Kurk |date=May 24, 2017 |title=Before Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg built a chat network called ZuckNet |url= https://www.vox.com/2017/5/23/15683074/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-chat-network-aol-zucknet |access-date=October 13, 2024 }}</ref> Nígbà tí Zuckerberg wà ní ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì, ó ṣiṣẹ́ láti kọ́ ẹ̀rọ orin tí a pè ní Synapse Media Player. Ẹ̀rọ náà lo [[machine learning]] láti kọ́ nípa irúfẹ́ orin tí olùlò fẹ́ràn láti tẹ́tísílẹ̀, èyí tí wọ́n gbé sí ori ''[[Slashdot]]''<ref>{{cite web |author=Hemos/Dan Moore |date=April 21, 2003 |title=Machine Learning and MP3s |url=http://slashdot.org/articles/03/04/21/110236.shtml |access-date=September 3, 2010 |work=Slashdot |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210164555/https://slashdot.org/story/03/04/21/110236/machine-learning-and-mp3s |url-status=live }}</ref> tí ó sì gba ìwọ̀n 3 nínú 5 láti ọ̀dọ̀ ''[[PC Magazine]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dreier |first=Troy |date=February 8, 2005 |title=Synapse Media Player Review |magazine=PC Magazine |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1748374,00.asp |url-status=live |access-date=September 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916050335/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1748374,00.asp |archive-date=September 16, 2010}}</ref> ''[[The New Yorker]]'' sọ nígbà kan nípa Zuckerberg pé, "àwọn ọmọdé mìíràn ń ṣe eré kọ̀m̀pútà. Mark ló ń ṣẹ̀dá wọn."<ref name="NEWYORKER2010" /> Nígbà tí ó ṣì wà ní ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì, ó lọ sí [[Mercy University|Mercy College]] láti gba kọ́ọ̀sì kọ̀m̀pútà gíga ní àwọn ìrọ̀lẹ́ Ọjọ́bọ̀.<ref name="NEWYORKER2010" /> ==== Àwọn ọdún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ==== ''The New Yorker'' sọ pé nígbà tí Zuckerberg bẹ̀rẹ̀ kíláàsì ní [[Harvard College|Harvard]] ní 2002, ó ti ní òkìkí tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọlọ́gbọ́n nínú ìmọ̀ kọ̀m̀pútà (programming prodigy).<ref name="NEWYORKER2010" /> Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[psychology|ìmọ̀ ẹ̀mí-ọkàn]] àti [[computer science|ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì kọ̀m̀pútà]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Larson |first=Chase |title=Mark Zuckerberg speaks at BYU, calls Facebook 'as much psychology and sociology as it is technology' |date=March 25, 2011 |url=https://www.deseret.com/2011/3/25/20181280/mark-zuckerberg-speaks-at-byu-calls-facebook-as-much-psychology-and-sociology-as-it-is-technology/ |work=Deseret News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322055157/https://www.deseret.com/2011/3/25/20181280/mark-zuckerberg-speaks-at-byu-calls-facebook-as-much-psychology-and-sociology-as-it-is-technology/ |access-date=March 22, 2024 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> ó gbé ní [[Kirkland House]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Madrigal |first=Alexis |author-link=Alexis Madrigal |title=Before It Conquered the World, Facebook Conquered Harvard |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/02/and-then-there-was-thefacebookcom/582004/ |magazine=The Atlantic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312202231/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/02/and-then-there-was-thefacebookcom/582004/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> ó sì jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ [[Alpha Epsilon Pi]].<ref name="NEWYORKER2010" /> Ní [[sophomore|ọdún kejì]] rẹ̀, ó kọ ètò kọ̀m̀pútà kan tí ó pè ní CourseMatch, èyí tí ó gba àwọn olùlò láyè láti ṣe ìpinnu yíyan kíláàsì tí ó dá lórí àwọn yíyàn tí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mìíràn ṣe àti láti ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti dá ẹgbẹ́ ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Carson |first=Biz |title=This is the true story of how Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook, and it wasn't to find girls|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-true-story-of-how-mark-zuckerberg-founded-facebook-2016-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501222406/https://www.businessinsider.com/the-true-story-of-how-mark-zuckerberg-founded-facebook-2016-2|archive-date=May 1, 2024|access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=Business Insider|url-status=live}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, ó dá ètò mìíràn sílẹ̀ tí ó pè ní [[History of Facebook#FaceMash|Facemash]] ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, èyí tí ó jẹ́ kí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ yan ẹni tí ó lẹ́wà jùlọ láàárín àwọn fọ́tò. Arie Hasit, alábàágbé Zuckerberg nígbà náà, ṣàlàyé pé: <blockquote>A ní àwọn ìwé tí a ń pè ní "Face Books", tí ó ní orúkọ àti fọ́tò gbogbo àwọn tí ń gbé ní ibùgbé àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, ó kọ́ ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù kan ó sì gbé fọ́tò méjì síbẹ̀, tàbí fọ́tò àwọn ọkùnrin méjì àti obìnrin méjì. Àwọn tí ó bẹ ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù náà wò ní láti yan ẹni tí ó "lẹ́wà jù" àti pé ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àwọn ìbò náà, ìpele yóò wà.<ref name="Hasit"> {{cite web |last=Grimland |first=Guy |date=October 5, 2009 |title=Facebook founder's roommate recounts creation of Internet giant |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/facebook-founder-s-roommate-recounts-creation-of-internet-giant-1.275748 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022153118/http://www.haaretz.com/news/facebook-founder-s-roommate-recounts-creation-of-internet-giant-1.275748 |archive-date=October 22, 2010 |access-date=December 14, 2010 |work=Haaretz}}</ref></blockquote> Ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù náà wà fún òpin ọ̀sẹ̀ kan, ṣùgbọ́n ní òwúrọ̀ Ọjọ́ Ajé, ilé-ìwé náà ti ti pa, nítorí pé òkìkí rẹ̀ ti rọ́ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ sínú ọ̀kan lára àwọn [[network switch|ẹ̀rọ nẹ́tíwọ̀kì]] Harvard, tí ó sì ń dènà àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ láti wọlé sínú Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |date=May 20, 2024 |title=Britannica Money |url=https://www.britannica.com/money/Facebook |access-date=May 22, 2024 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523003337/https://www.britannica.com/money/Facebook |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ṣàròyé pé wọ́n ń lo fọ́tò wọn láìgba àṣẹ. Zuckerberg tọrọ àforíjìn ní gbangba, ìwé-ìròyìn àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ sì gbé ìròyìn jáde pé ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù rẹ̀ "kò tọ́ rárá".<ref name="Hasit" /> == Iṣẹ́ == === Facebook === {| class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%" |Awọn fidio ita |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:YouTube_2024.svg|alt=YouTube logo|93x93px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|16x16px]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KerxaaZVoCY "Iṣẹ́ Mark Zuckerberg láàárín ìṣẹ́jú àáyá 90 {{!}} Tech Gurus"] via ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' <ref name="tele90">{{cite news | title=Mark Zuckerberg's career in 90 seconds |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KerxaaZVoCY |access-date=March 3, 2017 |date=February 7, 2017 |archive-date=March 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124731/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/mark-zuckerbergs-career-90-seconds/?playlist=series%3Atech-gurus |url-status=live |url-access=registration}}</ref>}} |} Ní Oṣù Kínní Ọdún 2004, Zuckerberg bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní kọ àwọn kòdì fún ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù tuntun kan.<ref name="Hoffman, Claire22">{{Cite magazine|last=Hoffman|first=Claire|date=June 28, 2008|title=The Battle for Facebook|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/21129674/the_battle_for_facebook/|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|location=New York City|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703220456/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/21129674/the_battle_for_facebook/|archive-date=July 3, 2008|access-date=February 5, 2009|archivedate=July 3, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703220456/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/21129674/the_battle_for_facebook/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Ní Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kejì, Ọdún 2004, Zuckerberg ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ "Thefacebook", tí ó wà ní thefacebook.com nígbà náà, ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tí wọ́n jọ ń gbé iyàrá kan náà [[Eduardo Saverin]], [[Andrew McCollum]], [[Dustin Moskovitz]], àti [[Chris Hughes]].<ref name="skepticism22">{{Cite news|author=Seward, Zachary M.|date=July 25, 2007|title=Judge Expresses Skepticism About Facebook Lawsuit|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118539991204578084|url-status=live|access-date=April 30, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055244/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118539991204578084.html?mod=googlenews_wsj|archive-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="rww0510092">{{cite web|last=Antonas|first=Steffan|date=May 10, 2009|title=Did Mark Zuckerberg's Inspiration for Facebook Come Before Harvard?|url=http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/mark_zuckerberg_inspiration_for_facebook_before_harvard.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201185222/http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/mark_zuckerberg_inspiration_for_facebook_before_harvard.php|archive-date=February 1, 2012|access-date=March 26, 2013|work=ReadWrite Social|publisher=SAY Media, Inc}}</ref> Ìmísí àkọ́kọ́ fún Facebook le ti wá láti [[Phillips Exeter Academy]], ilé-ìwé gíga tí Zuckerberg ti jáde ní ọdún 2002. Ó tẹ ìwé àtòjọ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tiwọn jáde, "The Photo Address Book", èyí tí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ń pè ní "The Facebook". Irúfẹ́ àwọn ìwé fọ́tò bẹ́ẹ̀ jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìrírí ìbáṣepọ̀ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilé-ìwé aládàáni. Pẹ̀lú wọn, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ le ṣe àtòjọ àwọn àbùdá bíi ọdún kíláàsì wọn, àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ wọn, àti àwọn nọ́mbà tẹlifóònù wọn.<ref name="rww0510092" />[[Fáìlì:MarkZuckerberg-crop.jpg|alt=Mark Zuckerberg with a laptop, facing the camera|left|thumb|Zuckerberg ní 2005]] Ọjọ́ mẹ́fà lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù náà, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gíga Harvard mẹ́ta, [[Cameron Winklevoss]], [[Tyler Winklevoss]], àti [[Divya Narendra]], fẹ̀sùn kan Zuckerberg pé ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ tàn wọ́n láti gbàgbọ́ pé òun yóò ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti kọ́ ìkànnì ìbáṣepọ̀ kan tí a ń pè ní [[ConnectU|HarvardConnection.com]], nígbà tí ó ń lo àwọn èrò wọn láti kọ́ ọjà tirẹ̀ tí yóò bá wọn díje.<ref name="zuckerberghacked2">{{Cite news |last=Carlson |first=Nicolas |date=March 5, 2010 |title=In 2004, Mark Zuckerberg Broke Into A Facebook User's Private Email Account |website=[[Business Insider]] |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-mark-zuckerberg-hacked-into-the-harvard-crimson-2010-3 |url-status=live |access-date=March 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508193810/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mark-zuckerberg-hacked-into-the-harvard-crimson-2010-3 |archive-date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> Àwọn mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta fi ẹ̀hónú hàn sí ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]'', ìwé-ìròyìn náà sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìwádìí gẹ́gẹ́ bí èsì. Nígbà tí Zuckerberg gbìyànjú láti yí àwọn olóòtú lọ́kàn padà kí wọ́n má baà gbé ìtàn náà jáde,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kaplan |first=Katherine A. |date=November 19, 2003 |title=Facemash Creator Survives Ad Board |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/11/19/facemash-creator-survives-ad-board-the/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504172812/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/11/19/facemash-creator-survives-ad-board-the/ |archive-date=May 4, 2019 |access-date=December 26, 2021 |newspaper=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref> ó tún wọ inú àwọn àpótí ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (email accounts) àwọn olóòtú méjì láìgbàṣẹ nípa lílo àwọn dátà ìwọlé wọn aládàáni (private login data logs) láti TheFacebook.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In 2004, Mark Zuckerberg Broke into a Facebook User's Private Email Account |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mark-zuckerberg-hacked-into-the-harvard-crimson-2010-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508193810/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mark-zuckerberg-hacked-into-the-harvard-crimson-2010-3 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |access-date=October 31, 2021 |website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=March 5, 2010 |title=The Duplicitous Deeds of Mark Zuckerberg |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/03/the-duplicitous-deeds-of-mark-zuckerberg/346445/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031033306/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/03/the-duplicitous-deeds-of-mark-zuckerberg/346445/ |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |access-date=October 31, 2021 |magazine=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìkànnì ìbáṣepọ̀ Facebook ní ìbátànpé, àwọn mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta pe ẹjọ́ kotẹ́milọ́rùn (lawsuit) sí Zuckerberg èyí tí ó yọrí sí ìpèjọ́ (settlement).<ref name="nytb2">{{Cite news |author=Stone, Brad |date=June 28, 2008 |title=Judge Ends Facebook's Feud With ConnectU |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] blog |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/judge-ends-facebooks-feud-with-connectu/index.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708024258/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/judge-ends-facebooks-feud-with-connectu/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 8, 2012 |access-date=July 26, 2010 }}</ref> Àdéhùn ìpèjọ́ náà jẹ́ fún 1.2&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ìpín Facebook àti $20&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ní owó-bẹ̀lẹ̀jẹ́ ({{Inflation|index=US|value=20000000|start_year=2012|r=0|fmt=eq}}).<ref>{{cite news |last=Rushe |first=Dominic |date=February 2, 2012 |title=Facebook IPO sees Winklevoss twins heading for $300m fortune |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/feb/02/facebook-ipo-winklevoss-300m-fortune |access-date=December 15, 2016 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015310/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/feb/02/facebook-ipo-winklevoss-300m-fortune+ |url-status=live }}</ref> Facebook ti Zuckerberg bẹ̀rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí "nǹkan ti Harvard" nìkan títí ó fi pinnu láti tàn án ká sí àwọn ilé-ìwé mìíràn, nípaígba ìrànlọ́wọ́ alábàágbé àti alájùmọ̀dásílẹ̀ rẹ̀ [[Dustin Moskovitz]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Carlson |first=Nicholas |date=March 5, 2010 |title=At Last&nbsp;– The Full Story Of How Facebook Was Founded |work=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-facebook-was-founded-2010-3#we-can-talk-about-that-after-i-get-all-the-basic-functionality-up-tomorrow-night-1 |url-status=live |access-date=December 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329085331/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-facebook-was-founded-2010-3#we-can-talk-about-that-after-i-get-all-the-basic-functionality-up-tomorrow-night-1 |archive-date=March 29, 2020}}</ref> Wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Columbia University]], [[New York University]], [[Stanford University]], [[Dartmouth College]], [[Cornell University]], [[University of Pennsylvania]], [[Brown University]], àti [[Yale University]].<ref>* {{cite news |last=Holt |first=Chris |date=March 10, 2004 |title=Thefacebook.com's darker side |newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]] |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2004/03/10/thefacebookcoms-darker-side |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614061858/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2004/03/10/thefacebookcoms-darker-side/ |archive-date=June 14, 2010 |access-date=December 1, 2025 |archivedate=June 14, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614061858/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2004/03/10/thefacebookcoms-darker-side/ |deadurl=yes }} * {{cite web |last=Nguyen |first=Lananh |date=April 12, 2004 |title=Online network created by Harvard students flourishes |url=http://www.tuftsdaily.com/2.5541/1.600318 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KOZTvFwU?url=http://www.forbes.com/2006/09/11/facebook-opens-up-cx_rr_0911facebook.html |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=March 26, 2013 |work=The Tufts Daily |publisher=College Media Network }} * {{cite web |last=Rotberg |first=Emily |date=April 14, 2004 |title=Thefacebook.com opens to Duke students |url=http://www.dukechronicle.com/articles/2004/04/14/thefacebookcom-opens-duke-students |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911045929/http://www.dukechronicle.com/articles/2004/04/14/thefacebookcom-opens-duke-students |archive-date=September 11, 2013 |access-date=March 26, 2013 |work=The Chronicle |publisher=Duke Student Publishing Company }} * {{cite web |title=Students flock to join college online facebook |url=http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/node/41990 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825022008/http://thedp.com/node/41990 |archive-date=August 25, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]] }}</ref> Zuckerberg jáwọ́ nínú ẹ̀kọ́ ní Harvard ní ọdún kejì rẹ̀ láti lè parí iṣẹ́ náà.<ref>{{cite news |last=Klepper |first=David |date=November 9, 2011 |title=Mark Zuckerberg, Harvard dropout, returns to open arms |newspaper=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |publisher=[[Christian Science Publishing Society]] |location=Boston, Massachusetts |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/Latest-News-Wires/2011/1109/Mark-Zuckerberg-Harvard-dropout-returns-to-open-arms |url-status=live |access-date=January 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511100408/http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/Latest-News-Wires/2011/1109/Mark-Zuckerberg-Harvard-dropout-returns-to-open-arms |archive-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref> Zuckerberg, Moskovitz àti àwọn alájùmọ̀dásílẹ̀ yòókù kó lọ sí [[Palo Alto, California]], níbi tí wọ́n ti yá ilé kékeré kan tí ó dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ́fíìsì. Ní ìgbà ẹ̀rùn, Zuckerberg pàdé [[Peter Thiel]], ẹni tí ó ṣe ìdókòwò nínú ilé-iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. Wọ́n gba ọ́fíìsì àkọ́kọ́ wọn ní àárín ọdún 2004. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Zuckerberg ṣe sọ, ẹgbẹ́ náà gbèrò láti padà sí Harvard, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n padà pinnu láti dúró sí California, níbi tí Zuckerberg ti mọrírì "ibi àràmàǹdà" ti [[Silicon Valley]], tí í ṣe ibùdó ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kọ̀m̀pútà ní California.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zuckerberg To Leave Harvard Indefinitely |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/11/1/zuckerberg-to-leave-harvard-indefinitely-mark/ |work=The Harvard Crimson |publisher=The Harvard Crimson, Inc |access-date=March 26, 2013 |first=Sam |last=Teller |date=November 1, 2005 |archive-date=March 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327053102/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/11/1/zuckerberg-to-leave-harvard-indefinitely-mark/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Business, Casual. |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/2/24/business-casual-a-year-ago-mark/ |work=The Harvard Crimson |publisher=The Harvard Crimson, Inc |access-date=March 26, 2013 |author=Kevin J. Feeney |date=February 24, 2005 |archive-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305005010/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/2/24/business-casual-a-year-ago-mark/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Wọ́n ti kọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ láti gba àwọn ìfilọ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá láti ra ilé-iṣẹ́ náà.<ref name="Exeter">{{cite web |date=January 24, 2007 |title=Face-to-Face with Mark Zuckerberg '02 |url=http://www.exeter.edu/news_and_events/news_events_5594.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202181919/http://www.exeter.edu/news_and_events/news_events_5594.aspx |archive-date=February 2, 2012 |access-date=March 26, 2013 |publisher=Phillips Exeter Academy }}</ref> Ní ọdún kannáà, nígbà tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ níbi kọ́ọ̀sì ''Startup School'' ti [[Y Combinator Inc|Y Combinator]] ní [[Stanford University]], Zuckerberg sọ ọ̀rọ̀ [[ageism|agbọ̀nmẹ́yìn-yọ]] kan pé "àwọn ọ̀dọ̀ ló gbọ́n jù" àti pé àwọn oníṣòwò mìíràn gbọ́dọ̀ tẹ̀ síhà gbígba àwọn ọ̀dọ̀ síṣẹ́.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://venturebeat.com/2007/03/26/start-up-advice-for-entrepreneurs-from-y-combinator-startup-school/ |title=Startup advice for entrepreneurs from Y Combinator |date=March 26, 2007 |archive-date=June 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170625051849/https://venturebeat.com/2007/03/26/start-up-advice-for-entrepreneurs-from-y-combinator-startup-school/ |publisher=Venture Beat |first1=Mark |last1=Coker |access-date=December 1, 2025 |archivedate=June 25, 2017 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170625051849/https://venturebeat.com/2007/03/26/start-up-advice-for-entrepreneurs-from-y-combinator-startup-school/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Ṣáájú, ní Oṣù Kẹrin 2009, Zuckerberg ti wá ìmọ̀ràn lọ́dọ̀ Olùdarí Àgbà Owó (CFO) ti [[Netscape]] tẹ́lẹ̀ [[Peter Currie (businessman)|Peter Currie]] nípa àwọn ọgbọ́n ìnáwó fún Facebook.<ref name=twsOctBPP>{{cite news |title=Yu, Zuckerberg and the Facebook fallout |url=http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2009/04/01/yu-zuckerberg-and-the-facebook-fallout/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403222221/http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2009/04/01/yu-zuckerberg-and-the-facebook-fallout/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 3, 2009 |access-date=March 26, 2013 |publisher=Reuters |date=April 1, 2009 |first=Robert |last=MacMillan |quote=In a back-to-the-future move, former Netscape CFO Peter Currie will be the key adviser to Facebook about financial matters, until a new search for a CFO is found, sources said. |archivedate=November 3, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103090741/http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2009/04/01/yu-zuckerberg-and-the-facebook-fallout/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Keje, 2010, Zuckerberg ròyìn pé Facebook ti ní àwọn olùlò tí ó tó 500-mílíọ̀nù.<ref>{{citation |title=500 Million Stories |first=Mark |last=Zuckerberg |url=https://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=409753352130 |publisher=The Facebook Blog |date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=May 21, 2012 |archive-date=May 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520200921/http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=409753352130 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní 2010, [[Steven Levy]], ẹni tí ó kọ ìwé ọdún 1984 ''[[Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution]]'', kọ̀wé pé Zuckerberg "rò ara rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Hacker culture|hacker]]". Zuckerberg sọ pé "ó dára láti ba nǹkan jẹ́" "kí a baà le ṣe wọ́n dáradára síi".<ref name="wired041910">{{cite news |access-date=September 23, 2010 |url=https://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/04/ff_hackers/all/1 |title=Geek Power: Steven Levy Revisits Tech Titans, Hackers, Idealists |magazine=Wired |date=April 19, 2010 |author=Levy, Steven |archive-date=September 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922031103/http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/04/ff_hackers/all/1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="fast092410">{{cite web |access-date=September 24, 2010 |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/mic/2010/profile/facebook |title=The World's Most Innovative Companies 2010 |work=Fast Company |date=February 17, 2010 |author=McGirt, Ellen |archive-date=July 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720061436/http://www.fastcompany.com/mic/2010/profile/facebook |url-status=live }}</ref> Facebook dá "[[hackathon]]s" sílẹ̀ tí wọ́n máa ń ṣe ní gbogbo ọ̀sẹ̀ mẹ́fà sí mẹ́jọ níbi tí àwọn olùkópa yóò ti ní òru kan láti ronú àti parí iṣẹ́ kan.<ref name="wired041910" /> Ilé-iṣẹ́ náà máa ń pèsè orin, oúnjẹ, àti ọtí bia níbi hackathons, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Facebook, pẹ̀lú Zuckerberg, ló sì máa ń wà níbẹ̀ déédé.<ref name="fast092410" /> "Èrò náà ni pé o lè kọ́ nǹkan tí ó dára gan-an ní òru kan", Zuckerberg sọ fún Levy. "Àti pé ìyẹn jẹ́ apá kan àbùdá Facebook báyìí... Ó dájú pé ó jẹ́ kókó pàtàkì sí àbùdá mi."<ref name="wired041910" /> Ní 2007, wọ́n fi Zuckerberg kún àtòjọ [[TR35]] ti [[MIT Technology Review]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ 35 tí ó tayọ jùlọ ní àgbáyé tí ọjọ́-orí wọn kò tí ì tó 35.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/TR35/Profile.aspx?TRID=635 |title=2007 Young Innovators Under 35: Mark Zuckerberg, 23 |magazine=[[MIT Technology Review]] |year=2007 |access-date=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=September 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903141534/http://www.technologyreview.com/TR35/Profile.aspx?TRID=635 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' dárúkọ Zuckerberg ní ipò kìíní nínú àtòjọ Top 100 wọn ti ọdún 2010 fún "àwọn ènìyàn tí ó ní agbára ìdarí jùlọ ti [[Information Age|Sànmánì Ìwífún]]".<ref>{{cite magazine |access-date=September 23, 2010 |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2010/10/the-vf-100-201010?currentPage=1 |title=The Vanity Fair 100 |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=October 2010 |archive-date=September 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925061001/http://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2010/10/the-vf-100-201010?currentPage=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Zuckerberg wà ní ipò 23 lórí àtòjọ ''Vanity Fair'' 100 ní 2009.<ref>{{cite magazine |access-date=September 23, 2010 |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2009/10/new-establishment200910?currentPage=all |title=The Vanity Fair 100 |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=September 1, 2010 |archive-date=August 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828042114/http://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2009/10/new-establishment200910?currentPage=all |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní 2010, wọ́n yan Zuckerberg gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni kẹrìndínlógún nínú ìwádìí ọdọọdún ''[[New Statesman]]'' fún àwọn ènìyàn 50 tí ó ní agbára ìdarí jùlọ ní àgbáyé.<ref name="htanna">{{cite web |title=Mark Zuckerberg&nbsp;– 50 People who matter 2010 |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2010/09/zuckerberg-faceman-site-world |work=New Statesman |location=UK |access-date=September 27, 2010 |archive-date=September 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930152129/http://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2010/09/zuckerberg-faceman-site-world |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Medvedev and Zuckerberg October 2012-1.jpeg|thumb|Zuckerberg àti Alákòóso Àgbà Rọ́ṣíà [[Dmitry Medvedev]] nígbà ìpàdé wọn ní ilé olórí Rọ́ṣíà ní ẹ̀yìn odi Moscow, ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹwàá 2012]] Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹwàá, 2012, Zuckerberg pàdé pẹ̀lú Alákòóso Àgbà Rọ́ṣíà nígbà náà [[Dmitry Medvedev]] ní Moscow láti ru ìdàgbàsókè ìbáṣepọ̀ ayélujára ní Rọ́ṣíà sókè àti láti mú ipò Facebook lágbára ní ọjà Rọ́ṣíà.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kramer |first=Andrew E. |date=October 1, 2012 |title=Zuckerberg Meets With Medvedev in a Crucial Market |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/technology/zuckerberg-meets-with-medvedev-in-key-market.html |access-date=April 4, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404084719/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/technology/zuckerberg-meets-with-medvedev-in-key-market.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Elder |first=Miriam |date=October 1, 2012 |title=Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg meets excited Russian prime minister |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/01/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-russia-prime-minister |access-date=April 4, 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=April 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403193404/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/01/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-russia-prime-minister |url-status=live }}</ref> Mínísítà ibaraẹnisọrọ ti Rọ́ṣíà sọ lórí Twitter pé Medvedev rọ Zuckerberg láti ṣí ibùdó ìwádìí kan sí Moscow dípò tí yóò fi gbìyànjú láti fa àwọn olùkọ̀wé-kọ̀m̀pútà Rọ́ṣíà lọ. Ní 2012, Facebook ní nǹkan bí 9 mílíọ̀nù olùlò ní Rọ́ṣíà, nígbà tí ẹ̀dà abẹ́lé [[VK (social networking)|VK]] ní nǹkan bí 34 mílíọ̀nù.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia pushes Facebook to open research center |url=https://www.foxnews.com/tech/russia-pushes-facebook-to-open-research-center/ |publisher=Fox News |date=October 1, 2012 |access-date=October 2, 2012 |archive-date=December 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072834/http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2012/10/01/russia-pushes-facebook-to-open-research-center/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia pushes Facebook to open research center |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-pushes-facebook-to-open-research-center/ |date=October 1, 2012 |access-date=April 4, 2023 |agency=CBS News |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033319/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-pushes-facebook-to-open-research-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹjọ, 2013, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' ròyìn pé olùkọ̀wé-kọ̀m̀pútà wẹ́ẹ̀bù kan tí kò níṣẹ́ lọ́wọ́ wọ inú ìkànnì Facebook Zuckerberg láìgbàṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mark Zuckerberg's Facebook page was hacked by an unemployed web developer |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2013/08/19/mark-zuckerbergs-facebook-page-was-hacked-by-an-unemployed-web-developer/ |access-date=August 19, 2013 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 19, 2013 |author=Caitlin Dewey |archive-date=August 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819155641/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2013/08/19/mark-zuckerbergs-facebook-page-was-hacked-by-an-unemployed-web-developer/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Níbi àpéjọ [[TechCrunch Disrupt]] ti ọdún 2013, tí ó wáyé ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán, Zuckerberg sọ pé òun ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti forúkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ènìyàn 5&nbsp;bílíọ̀nù tí kò tí ì ní àǹfààní sí Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì ní àkókò àpéjọ náà sí Facebook. Zuckerberg wá ṣàlàyé pé èyí wà ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú èrò iṣẹ́ [[Internet.org]], nípasẹ̀ èyí tí Facebook, pẹ̀lú àtìlẹyìn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ mìíràn, ń wá ọ̀nà láti mú iye àwọn ènìyàn tí ó ń lo Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="Six">{{cite web |title=6 Things We Learned From Marissa Mayer and Mark Zuckerberg at TechCrunch Disrupt 2013 |url=http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2296067/6-Things-We-Learned-From-Marissa-Mayer-and-Mark-Zuckerberg-at-TechCrunch-Disrupt-2013 |work=TechCrunch |publisher=AOL Inc |access-date=September 23, 2013 |first=Victoria |last=Edwards |date=September 21, 2013 |archive-date=September 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924084501/http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2296067/6-Things-We-Learned-From-Marissa-Mayer-and-Mark-Zuckerberg-at-TechCrunch-Disrupt-2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sew">{{cite web |title=Mark Zuckerberg Creates Tech Justice League to Bring Internet to the Masses |url=http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2290350/Mark-Zuckerberg-Creates-Tech-Justice-League-to-Bring-Internet-to-the-Masses |work=Search Engine Watch |publisher=Incisive Media Incisive Interactive Marketing LLC |access-date=September 23, 2013 |first=Alastair |last=Stevenson |date=August 22, 2013 |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928001450/http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2290350/Mark-Zuckerberg-Creates-Tech-Justice-League-to-Bring-Internet-to-the-Masses |url-status=live}}</ref> Zuckerberg ni olùbánisọ̀rọ̀ pàtàkì níbi [[Mobile World Congress]] (MWC) ti 2014, tí ó wáyé ní [[Barcelona]], Spain, ní Oṣù Kẹta 2014, èyí tí àwọn aṣojú 75,000 kópa nínú rẹ̀. Onírúurú orísun ilé-iṣẹ́ agbéròyìnjáde tẹnu mọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ tó wà láàárín ìfojúsùn Facebook lórí ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ alágbèéká (mobile technology) àti ọ̀rọ̀ Zuckerberg, wọ́n sì sọ pé ẹ̀rọ alágbèéká ló dúró fún ọjọ́ iwájú ilé-iṣẹ́ náà.<ref>* {{cite news |title=Mark Zuckerberg goes to Barcelona to make mobile friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/23/zuckerberg-facebook-barcelona-mobile-world-congress?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2 |access-date=February 24, 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=February 23, 2014 |author=Samuel Gibbs |archive-date=March 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302200037/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/23/zuckerberg-facebook-barcelona-mobile-world-congress?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Facebook's Zuckerberg to Speak at Mobile World Congress |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/01/16/facebooks-zuckerberg-to-speak-at-mobile-world-congress/ |access-date=February 24, 2014 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 16, 2014 |author=Sven Grundberg |archive-date=February 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218234325/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/01/16/facebooks-zuckerberg-to-speak-at-mobile-world-congress/ |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Facebook's Zuckerberg to headline Mobile World Congress this year |url=http://gigaom.com/2014/01/16/facebooks-zuckerberg-to-headline-mobile-world-congress-this-year/ |work=Gigaom |publisher=Gigaom, Inc |access-date=February 24, 2014 |first=David |last=Meyer |date=January 16, 2014 |archive-date=February 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227230259/http://gigaom.com/2014/01/16/facebooks-zuckerberg-to-headline-mobile-world-congress-this-year/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ̀ àwọn eeyan pàtàkì mìíràn nínú ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Amẹ́ríkà bíi Jeff Bezos àti [[Tim Cook]], Zuckerberg gba olóṣèlú ará China tí ó wá sàbẹ̀wò [[Lu Wei (politician)|Lu Wei]], ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí "Czar Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì" nítorí agbára rẹ̀ nínú mímú òfin Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì China ṣẹ, lálejò ní olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ Facebook ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejìlá, 2014. Ìpàdé náà wáyé lẹ́yìn tí Zuckerberg kópa nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò Q&A kan ní [[Tsinghua University]] ní Beijing, China, ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Kẹwàá, 2014, níbi tí ó ti sọ èdè [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alex Hern, Jonathan Kaiman |title=Mark Zuckerberg addresses Chinese university in Mandarin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/23/mark-zuckerberg-chinese-university-fluent-mandarin-video |access-date=December 14, 2014 |work=The Guardian |date=October 23, 2014 |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213093153/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/23/mark-zuckerberg-chinese-university-fluent-mandarin-video |url-status=live}}</ref> Zuckerberg ń gba [[one-dollar salary|owó-oṣù dọ́là kan]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí Aláṣẹ Àgbà (CEO) Facebook.<ref name="$1Club">{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000119312513178090/d493645ddef14a.htm |title=Facebook, Inc. Proxy Statement |date=April 26, 2013 |access-date=March 30, 2014 |publisher=United States Security and Exchange Commission |quote=On January 1, 2013, Mr. Zuckerberg's annual base salary was reduced to $1 and he will no longer receive annual bonus compensation under our Bonus Plan. |page=31 |archive-date=June 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623151822/http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000119312513178090/d493645ddef14a.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹfà 2016, ''[[Business Insider]]'' dárúkọ Zuckerberg gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára "Aṣáájú Ìran Iṣòwò 10 Tí Wọ́n Ń Ṣẹ̀dá Iye fún Àgbáyé" pẹ̀lú [[Elon Musk]] àti [[Sal Khan]], nítorí òtítọ́ náà pé òun àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ "ṣe ìlérí láti fi ìdá 99 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ọrọ̀ wọn sílẹ̀-èyí tí a fojú bù pé ó tó $55.0 bílíọ̀nù" ({{Inflation|index=US|value=55000000000|start_year=2017|r=0|fmt=eq}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=The top 10 business visionaries creating value for the world |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/top-ten-business-visionaries-creating-value-for-the-world-2016-6 |website=Business Insider |access-date=January 30, 2017 |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911142101/http://www.businessinsider.com/top-ten-business-visionaries-creating-value-for-the-world-2016-6 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹdọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún, 2017, níbi ayẹyẹ ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́gboyè 366th ti Harvard, Zuckerberg, lẹ́yìn tí ó sọ [[commencement speech|ọ̀rọ̀ ayẹyẹ ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́gboyè]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 25, 2017 |title=Zuckerberg finally gets Harvard degree |agency=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40053163 |url-status=live |access-date=May 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530205709/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40053163 |archive-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> gba oyè ìdánilọ́lá láti Harvard.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Steinbock |first1=Anna |date=May 25, 2017 |title=Harvard awards 10 honorary degrees |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/05/harvard-awards-10-honorary-degrees-at-366th-commencement/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525124711/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/05/harvard-awards-10-honorary-degrees-at-366th-commencement/ |archive-date=May 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ojalvo |first=Holly Epstein |title=Mark Zuckerberg finally got his Harvard degree |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/college/2017/05/25/mark-zuckerberg-finally-got-his-harvard-degree/37432061/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503124926/https://www.usatoday.com/story/college/2017/05/25/mark-zuckerberg-finally-got-his-harvard-degree/37432061/ |archive-date=May 3, 2020 |access-date=May 3, 2020 |newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kínní 2019, Zuckerberg fi ìpìlẹ̀ lélẹ̀ láti ṣàkópọ̀ ètò [[end-to-end encrypted]] fún àwọn ìkànnì ìbáṣepọ̀ ńlá mẹ́ta, pẹ̀lú Facebook, [[Instagram]] àti [[WhatsApp]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/25/18197228/facebook-instagram-whatsapp-merge-messaging-services-mark-zuckerberg|title=Facebook plans to let Messenger, Instagram, and WhatsApp users message each other|access-date=January 25, 2019|website=The Verge|date=January 25, 2019|archive-date=January 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125230854/https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/25/18197228/facebook-instagram-whatsapp-merge-messaging-services-mark-zuckerberg|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kẹjọ, 2020, Facebook ṣàkópọ̀ àwọn ètò ìfọ̀rọ̀wérọ̀ fún Instagram àti Messenger lórí àwọn ẹ̀rọ iOS àti Android méjèèjì. Ìmúṣojú náà gba ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ láàárín àwọn olùlò Instagram àti Facebook níyànjú.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/14/21369737/facebook-merging-instagram-messenger-chats-update|title=Facebook begins merging Instagram and Messenger chats in new update|access-date=August 14, 2020|website=The Verge|date=August 14, 2020|archive-date=January 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117235754/https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/14/21369737/facebook-merging-instagram-messenger-chats-update|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Àwọn iṣẹ́-àkànṣe mìíràn=== [[File:Mark Zuckerberg, World Economic Forum 2009 Annual Meeting.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Àwòrán ẹ̀gbẹ́ ìbàdí ọkùnrin kan ní ẹni ọgbọ̀n ọdún, tí ó ń wo inú kámẹ́rà tí ó sì ń fi ọwọ́ méjèèjì sọ̀rọ̀, ó wọ ẹ̀wù dúdú tí ó kọ "The North Face" àti ìdánimọ̀ lórí okùn funfun tí ó kọ́ sí ọrùn rẹ̀|Zuckerberg ní [[World Economic Forum]] ní [[Davos]], Switzerland (Oṣù Kínní 2009)]] Oṣù kan lẹ́yìn tí Zuckerberg ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ Facebook ní Oṣù Kejì 2004, [[i2hub]], iṣẹ́ mìíràn tí ó wà fún àgbègbè ilé-ìwé nìkan, tí [[Wayne Chang]] dá sílẹ̀ tí ó sì dá lórí pínpín fáìlì [[peer-to-peer]], ni wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀. Ní àkókò náà, i2hub àti Facebook ń gba àkíyèsí àwọn oníròyìn wọ́n sì ń dàgbà kánkán ní ti iye olùlò àti òkìkí. Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ 2004, Zuckerberg, Andrew McCollum, [[Adam D'Angelo]], àti [[Sean Parker]] ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ iṣẹ́ pínpín fáìlì peer-to-peer tí ó ń bá wọn díje tí a pè ní [[Wirehog]], aṣáájú fún àwọn ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Facebook Platform]], èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní 2007.<ref>{{Cite news |publisher=Martey Dodoo |url=http://www.marteydodoo.com/2004/08/16/wirehog/ |date=August 16, 2004 |title=Wirehog? |author=Martey Dodoo |access-date=July 26, 2010 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714042158/http://www.marteydodoo.com/2004/08/16/wirehog/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=Harvard Crimson |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/8/13/zuckerberg-programs-new-website-having-seemingly/ |date=August 13, 2004 |title=Zuckerberg Programs New Website |author=Alan J. Tabak |access-date=July 26, 2010 |archive-date=August 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823043910/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/8/13/zuckerberg-programs-new-website-having-seemingly/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gits4u.com/infotech/info15.htm |title=80000 developers |access-date=April 21, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324022748/http://www.gits4u.com/infotech/info15.htm |archive-date=March 24, 2017 }}</ref> Ní 2013, Zuckerberg ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ [[Internet.org]], èyí tí ó ṣàpèjúwe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìgbésẹ̀ láti pèsè àǹfààní Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì fún àwọn ènìyàn bílíọ̀nù márùn-ún tí kò ní i ní ọjọ́ ìfilọ́lẹ̀ náà. Iṣẹ́ náà dojúkọ àtakò ńlá ní India, níbi tí àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ti sọ pé Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì oníwọ̀nba rẹ̀ lòdì sí ìlànà [[net neutrality]]; Zuckerberg fèsì nípa sísọ pé Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì oníwọ̀nba dára ju kí á má ní Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì rárá. Wọ́n ti Internet.org pa ní India ní Oṣù Kejì 2016.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jessi Hempel |url=https://www.wired.com/story/what-happened-to-facebooks-grand-plan-to-wire-the-world/ |title=What Happened to Internet.org, Facebook's Grand Plan to Wire the World? |work=wired.com |date=May 17, 2018 |access-date=March 1, 2020 |archive-date=March 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301005856/https://www.wired.com/story/what-happened-to-facebooks-grand-plan-to-wire-the-world/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet at the Silicon Valley among the tech leaders and Indian Prime Minister-Narendra Modi |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/at-facebook-we-also-believe-in-net-neutrality-very-strongly-mark-zuckerberg/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004090103/http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/at-facebook-we-also-believe-in-net-neutrality-very-strongly-mark-zuckerberg/ |archive-date=October 4, 2015 |access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref> Zuckerberg jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ fún iṣẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè ọkọ̀-òfuurufú [[solar sail]] [[Breakthrough Starshot]], èyí tí ó bá [[Yuri Milner]] àti [[Stephen Hawking]] dá sílẹ̀ ní 2016.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newsweek.com/mark-zuckerberg-joins-100-million-initiative-send-tiny-space-probes-explore-447513|title=Mark Zuckerberg just joined a new project to explore the universe faster|first=Seung|last=Lee|date=April 13, 2016|magazine=Newsweek|access-date=May 29, 2019|archive-date=October 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022151521/https://www.newsweek.com/mark-zuckerberg-joins-100-million-initiative-send-tiny-space-probes-explore-447513|url-status=live}}</ref> == Àwọn ẹjọ́ == {{see also|Criticism of Facebook}} === Àwọn ẹjọ́ ConnectU === {{Main|ConnectU}} Àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Harvard [[Cameron Winklevoss]], [[Tyler Winklevoss]], àti [[Divya Narendra]] fẹ̀sùn kan Zuckerberg pé ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ jẹ́ kí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé òun yóò ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti kọ́ ìkànnì ìbáṣepọ̀ kan tí a ń pè ní HarvardConnection.com (tí wọ́n padà pè ní [[ConnectU]]).<ref name="zuckerberghacked2" /> Wọ́n pe ẹjọ́ ní 2004; wọ́n sì da ẹjọ́ náà nù lórí àwọn kókó ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, 2007. Wọ́n tún ẹjọ́ náà pè láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà ní [[United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts|ilé-ẹjọ́ ìjọba àpapọ̀]] ní [[Boston]]. Facebook pe ẹjọ́ padà lórí Social Butterfly, iṣẹ́ kan tí [[The Winklevoss Chang Group]] gbé jáde, èyí tí wọ́n sọ pé ó jẹ́ àjọṣepọ̀ láàárín ConnectU àti [[i2hub]]. Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹdọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹfà, 2008, wọ́n parí ẹjọ́ náà, Facebook sì gbà láti gbé 1.2 mílíọ̀nù ìpín àti láti san $20 mílíọ̀nù ní owó-bẹ̀lẹ̀jẹ́ ({{Inflation|index=US|value=20000000|start_year=2009|r=0|fmt=eq}}).<ref>{{Cite news |author=Logged in as click here to log out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/feb/12/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-ex-classmates |title=Facebook paid up to $65m to founder Mark Zuckerberg's ex-classmates |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=February 12, 2009 |access-date=August 21, 2009 |archive-date=December 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216185121/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/feb/12/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-ex-classmates |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 2007, wọ́n gbé àwọn ìwé ẹjọ́ sí ori ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù ''[[02138]]'', ìwé-ìròyìn kan tí ó wà fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́gboyè Harvard. Wọ́n pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà Social Security Zuckerberg, àdírẹ́sì ilé àwọn òbí rẹ̀, àti àdírẹ́sì ọ̀rẹ́bìnrin rẹ̀. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Facebook pe ẹjọ́ láti yọ àwọn ìwé náà kúrò, adájọ́ dájọ́ ní ojúrere ''02138''.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Caroline |url=http://www.news.com/8301-13577_3-9827222-36.html?tag=cd.blog |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915032928/http://www.news.com/8301-13577_3-9827222-36.html?tag=cd.blog |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 15, 2012 |title=article about 02138 |publisher=News.com |date=November 30, 2007 |access-date=June 26, 2010 }}</ref> === Eduardo Saverin === {{Main|Eduardo Saverin}} Ní 2005, alájùmọ̀dásílẹ̀ Facebook [[Eduardo Saverin]] pe ẹjọ́ kotẹ́milọ́rùn sí Zuckerberg àti Facebook, pẹ̀lú ẹ̀sùn pé Zuckerberg ti ná owó Saverin lọ́nà tí kò tọ́ fún ìnáwó ara rẹ̀. Wọ́n parí ẹjọ́ náà lẹ́yìn ilé-ẹjọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n fi àwọn àdéhùn ìpèjọ́ náà pamọ́, ilé-iṣẹ́ náà fidi oyè Saverin múlẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alájùmọ̀dásílẹ̀ Facebook, Saverin sì gbà láti dáwọ́ sísọ̀rọ̀ sí àwọn oníròyìn dúró.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carlson |first=Nicholas |date=May 15, 2012 |title=EXCLUSIVE: How Mark Zuckerberg booted his co-founder out of the company |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mark-zuckerberg-booted-his-co-founder-out-of-the-company-2012-5 |access-date=September 25, 2022 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901075318/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mark-zuckerberg-booted-his-co-founder-out-of-the-company-2012-5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hempel |first=Jessi |date=July 25, 2009 |title=The book that Facebook doesn't want you to read |publisher=CNN |url=https://money.cnn.com/2009/06/25/technology/founding_of_facebook.fortune/ |url-status=dead |access-date=May 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914024405/http://money.cnn.com/2009/06/25/technology/founding_of_facebook.fortune/ |archive-date=September 14, 2010 |archivedate=September 14, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914024405/http://money.cnn.com/2009/06/25/technology/founding_of_facebook.fortune/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> === Ìwádìí ọ̀daràn ní Pakistan === Ní Oṣù Kẹfà 2010, Igbákejì Agbẹjọ́rò Àgbà Pakistan nígbà náà Muhammad Azhar Sidiqque bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìwádìí ọ̀daràn lórí Zuckerberg àti àwọn alájùmọ̀dásílẹ̀ Facebook [[Dustin Moskovitz]] àti [[Chris Hughes]] lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣe ìdíje "[[Everybody Draw Mohammed Day|Ya Muhammad]]" lórí Facebook. Ìwádìí náà tún dárúkọ obìnrin German kan tí a kò mọ orúkọ rẹ̀ tí ó dá ìdíje náà sílẹ̀. Sidiqque rọ ọlọ́pàá orílẹ̀-èdè náà láti kan sí [[Interpol]] láti mú Zuckerberg àti àwọn mẹ́ta yòókù fún ẹ̀sùn [[blasphemy law|ọ̀rọ̀-òdì]]. Ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún, 2010, wọ́n ti ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù Facebook pa fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ní Pakistan títí tí Facebook fi yọ ìdíje náà kúrò lórí ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù rẹ̀ ní òpin Oṣù Karùn-ún. Sidiqque tún rọ aṣojú UN wọn láti gbé ọ̀rọ̀ náà dìde ní [[United Nations General Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|last=West|first=Jackson |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local-beat/Facebook-CEO-Named-in-Pakiistan-Criminal-Investigation.html |title=Facebook CEO Named in Pakistan Criminal Investigation |date=June 18, 2010 |publisher=NBC Bay Area |access-date=June 26, 2010 |archive-date=June 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621144712/http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local-beat/Facebook-CEO-Named-in-Pakiistan-Criminal-Investigation.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.com/2010/06/17/zuckerberg_faces_criminal_investigation_in_pakistan/|title=Pakistani lawyer petitions for death of Mark Zuckerberg|website=The Register|access-date=October 24, 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030812/https://www.theregister.com/2010/06/17/zuckerberg_faces_criminal_investigation_in_pakistan/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Paul Ceglia === {{Main|Paul Ceglia}} Ní Oṣù Kẹfà 2010, Paul Ceglia, oníṣòwò epo [[pellet fuel|igi]] ní [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany County, upstate New York]], pe ẹjọ́ sí Zuckerberg, ó sọ pé òun ní ìdá 84 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún Facebook ó sì ń béèrè fún owó ìtanràn. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ceglia ṣe sọ, òun àti Zuckerberg fọwọ́sí àdéhùn ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, 2003, pé owó ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ tí ó jẹ́ $1,000 ({{Inflation|index=US|value=1000|start_year=2003|r=0|fmt=eq}}) fún Ceglia ní ẹ̀tọ́ sí 50% ti owó tí ń wọlé láti ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù náà, àti àfikún 1% nínú iṣẹ́-òwò náà fún ọjọ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan lẹ́yìn ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kínní, 2004, títí tí ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù náà yóò fi parí. Zuckerberg ń ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́-àkànṣe mìíràn ní àkókò náà, lára èyí tí ''Facemash'' wà, èyí tí ó ṣáájú Facebook, ṣùgbọ́n kò forúkọsílẹ̀ orúkọ domain ''thefacebook.com'' títí di ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kínní, 2004. Ìṣàkóso Facebook pe ẹjọ́ náà ní "ẹjọ́ lásán tí kò ní kókó". Agbẹnusọ Facebook Barry Schnitt sọ fún oníròyìn kan pé agbẹjọ́rò Ceglia ti gbìyànjú láti wá ìpèjọ́ lẹ́yìn ilé-ẹjọ́ ṣùgbọ́n ó kùnà.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wellsvilledaily.com/article/20100729/NEWS/307299940 |title=Facebook does not have a like button for Ceglia |author=Anderson, John |work=The Wellsville Daily Reporter |publisher=WellsvilleDaily.com |date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=August 29, 2010 |archive-date=March 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330113101/http://www.wellsvilledaily.com/article/20100729/News/307299940 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/07/20/zuckerberg-ceglia|title=Venture beat coverage of Ceglia lawsuit|date=July 20, 2010|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202164414/https://venturebeat.com/2010/07/20/zuckerberg-ceglia/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá, 2012, àwọn aláṣẹ ìjọba àpapọ̀ mú Ceglia, wọ́n fẹ̀sùn kan an fún jìbìtì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ àti wáyà (mail and wire fraud) àti ti "fífi ọwọ́ kan, pípa run àti híhun ẹ̀rí nínú ètò láti lu olùdásílẹ̀ Facebook ní jìbìtì àwọn bílíọ̀nù dọ́là". Wọ́n fẹ̀sùn kan Ceglia pé ó hun àwọn lẹ́tà-ayélujára (emails) láti jẹ́ kí ó dàbí pé òun àti Zuckerberg jíròrò àwọn kúlẹ̀kúlẹ̀ nípa ẹ̀dà Facebook ti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn lẹ́tà-ayélujára wọn, àwọn olùwádìí rí i pé kò sí ibi tí wọ́n ti mẹ́nuba Facebook nínú wọn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/Feds-Collar-Would-Be-Facebook-Fraudster-76504.html |title=Feds Collar Would-Be Facebook Fraudster |publisher=E-Commerce News |date=October 29, 2012 |access-date=October 30, 2012 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511234709/http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/Feds-Collar-Would-Be-Facebook-Fraudster-76504.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò kan yọwọ́ kúrò nínú ẹjọ́ náà kí wọ́n tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀, àwọn mìíràn sì yọwọ́ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n mú Ceglia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/10/29/a-dubious-case-found-lawyers-eager-to-make-some-money/ |title=A Dubious Case Found Lawyers Eager to Make Some Money |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 29, 2012 |access-date=March 5, 2017 |archive-date=December 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202161121/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/10/29/a-dubious-case-found-lawyers-eager-to-make-some-money/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_21887915/paul-ceglias-lawyer-drops-out-facebook-suit-after |title=Paul Ceglia's lawyer drops out of Facebook suit after arrest |newspaper=San Jose Mercury News |date=October 30, 2012 |access-date=October 30, 2012 |archive-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302053344/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_21887915/paul-ceglias-lawyer-drops-out-facebook-suit-after |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ilẹ̀ ní Hawaii === Ní 2014, Zuckerberg ra ilẹ̀ acre 700 ní erékùṣù [[Kauai|Kaua{{Okina}}i]] ti Hawaii. Ní Oṣù Kínní 2017, Zuckerberg pe ẹjọ́ "[[quiet title]] àti [[Partition (law)|pípín]]" mẹ́jọ sí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún [[native Hawaiians|àwọn Ọmọ Onílẹ̀ Hawaii]] láti gba àwọn abala ilẹ̀ kéékèèké tí wọ́n ni nínú ilẹ̀ rẹ̀.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=January 23, 2017 |title=Hawaiians call Mark Zuckerberg 'the face of neocolonialism' over land lawsuits |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/23/mark-zuckerberg-hawaii-land-lawsuits-kauai-estate |access-date=April 4, 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404024929/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/23/mark-zuckerberg-hawaii-land-lawsuits-kauai-estate |url-status=live }}</ref> Zuckerberg fèsì sí àwọn ìríwísí nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀ránṣẹ́ [[Facebook]] kan, ó sọ pé àwọn ẹjọ́ náà jẹ́ ìgbésẹ̀ pẹ̀lú èrò rere láti san "ìpín tí ó tọ́" fún àwọn oní-ìpín ilẹ̀ náà.<ref name=":0" /> Nígbà tí ó mọ̀ pé [[Property law|òfin nini ilẹ̀]] Hawaii yàtọ̀ sí ti àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 49 yòókù, ó yọwọ́ nínú àwọn ẹjọ́ náà. Zuckerberg sọ pé òun kábàámọ̀ pé òun kò gba àkókò láti lóye ilana náà àti ìtàn rẹ̀ kí òun tó tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>[https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-hawaii-land-lawsuit Mark Zuckerberg hits back at 'misleading' claims he is suing Hawaiian landowners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110005121/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-hawaii-land-lawsuit |date=November 10, 2017 }}, Wired, January 20, 2017</ref><ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2017/02/26/facebooks-zuckerberg-officially-drops-hawaii-quiet.html "Facebook's Zuckerberg officially drops Hawaii 'quiet title' actions"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304193104/http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2017/02/26/facebooks-zuckerberg-officially-drops-hawaii-quiet.html |date=March 4, 2017 }}, ''Pacific Business News'', February 26, 2017</ref> Níkẹyìn, títa ní gbangba (auction) ṣèrànwọ́ láti ta àwọn abala ilẹ̀ náà.<ref name="o200" /><ref name="s048">{{cite web | last=Rogers | first=Stephanie | title=Jeff Bezos Just Added a $78M Hawaiian Estate to His $500M Real Estate Portfolio | website=Dornob via Yahoo News | date=2022-01-10 | url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/jeff-bezos-just-added-78m-140022683.html | access-date=2025-11-02}}</ref> Zuckerberg san $17 mílíọ̀nù ({{Inflation|index=US|value=17000000|start_year=2021|r=0|fmt=eq}}) láti fi acre 110 kún ilẹ̀ acre 1,500 rẹ̀ tí ó fa aáwọ̀ ní [[Kauai]], ní Oṣù Kejìlá 2021.<ref name="o200">{{cite web | last=Yang | first=Maya | title=Mark Zuckerberg adds 110 acres to controversial 1,500-acre Hawaii estate | website=the Guardian | date=2021-12-28 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/dec/28/mark-zuckerberg-110-acres-hawaii | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref> Ó kéré jùlọ, $145 mílíọ̀nù ni Zuckerberg ná lórí ilẹ̀ ní Kauai èyí tí ó ń dàgbàsókè sí ibi ìsinmi acre 1,450 ńlá tí ó ní odi ní apá kan. Ní Oṣù Kínní, nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀ránṣẹ́ lórí Instagram, ó gbé àwòrán ẹran steak ńlá síbẹ̀ ó sì sọ pẹ̀lú àwàdà pé "nínú gbogbo àwọn iṣẹ́-àkànṣe mi, èyí ló dùn jùlọ," tí ó ń fi hàn pé ó ń sin màlúù Wagyu àti Angus tí wọ́n ń fún ní ọtí bia lórí ilẹ̀ náà, tí ó sì ń mú àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ kópa nínú ilana náà.<ref>{{cite web | last=Liu | first=Phoebe | title=These Billionaires Own 11% Of Hawaii's Private Land | website=Forbes | date=2024-02-18 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/phoebeliu/2024/02/18/meet-the-billionaires-buying-up-hawaii/ | access-date=2025-10-31}}</ref> === Àwọn ẹ̀rí níwájú Ile-igbimọ Asofin ti Amẹ́ríkà === Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá àti kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹrin, 2018, Zuckerberg jẹ́rìí níwájú [[United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation]] nípa lílo àwọn dátà ara ẹni láti ọwọ́ Facebook ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú [[Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal|ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ itanjẹ dátà Facebook–Cambridge Analytica]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/mark-zuckerberg-us-testimony-it-was-my-mistake-and-im-sorry-facebook-cambridge-analytica/|website=politico.eu|title=Zuckerberg testimony: 'We didn't do enough'|first=John|last=Hendel|year=2018|quote=“We didn't take a broad enough view of our responsibility, and that was a big mistake”}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/facebook-social-media-privacy-and-the-use-and-abuse-of-data|title=Facebook, Social Media Privacy, and the Use and Abuse of Data |publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|date=April 10, 2018 |access-date=April 10, 2018|archive-date=September 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908134328/https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/facebook-social-media-privacy-and-the-use-and-abuse-of-data|url-status=live}}</ref> Ó pe gbogbo ọ̀rọ̀ náà ní rírú ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé láàárín [[Aleksandr Kogan (scientist)|Aleksandr Kogan]], [[Cambridge Analytica]], àti Facebook.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104712037900071 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/4/10104712037900071 |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |url-access=limited|title=MArk Zuckerberg Facebook Post|publisher=Facebook|date=April 28, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Zuckerberg kọ̀ láti yọjú láti pèsè ẹ̀rí lórí ọ̀rọ̀ náà fún ìgbìmọ̀ [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Ile-igbimọ Asofin]] ní United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43554135|title = Zuckerberg's snub to MPS 'astonishing'|agency = BBC News|date = March 27, 2018|access-date = June 20, 2018|archive-date = May 29, 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180529155150/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43554135|url-status = live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹwàá, 2020, [[United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation|Ìgbìmọ̀ Alàgbà lórí Iṣòwò ti Amẹ́ríkà]] fi ìbò àṣẹyọ̀kan pinnu láti fún àwọn Aláṣẹ Àgbà ti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ gíga mẹ́ta, pẹ̀lú Zuckerberg, [[Google|Sundar Pichai]] ti [[Sundar Pichai|Google]] àti [[Jack Dorsey]] ti [[Twitter|Twitter]], ní [[subpoenas|ìwé-ìpè ilé-ẹjọ́]]. Àwọn ìwé-ìpè náà ni èrò láti fipá mú àwọn Aláṣẹ Àgbà náà láti jẹ́rìí nípa àbò òfin tí òfin fún àwọn pèpéle ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ lábẹ́ [[Section 230|Abala 230 ti Òfin Ibaraẹnisọrọ]] ti 1934. Àwọn ọmọ [[Republican Party (United States)|Ẹgbẹ́ Republican]] tí Amẹ́ríkà jiyàn pé òfin náà ń dáàbò bo àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ ayélujára lọ́nà tí kò tọ́ lódì sí àwọn ẹ̀sùn ìfèhónú-hàn tí ó lòdì sí àwọn onítara-orílẹ̀-èdè (anti-conservative censorship).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/01/tech/facebook-google-senate-subpoena/index.html|title=Senate Commerce votes to issue subpoenas to CEOs of Facebook, Google and Twitter|access-date=October 1, 2020|agency=CNN|date=October 2020 |archive-date=October 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011153717/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/01/tech/facebook-google-senate-subpoena/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹdọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, 2021, Zuckerberg jẹ́rìí níwájú Ìgbìmọ̀ Agbára àti Iṣòwò ti Ilé (House Energy and Commerce Committee) nípa ipa Facebook nínú pípínkiri àwọn ìwífún tí kò tọ́ àti ọ̀rọ̀ ìríra lórí pèpéle náà. Nígbà ìgbẹ́jọ́ náà, wọ́n béèrè lọ́wọ́ rẹ̀ nípa bí Facebook ṣe ń tọ́jú dátà olùlò, ipa rẹ̀ nínú [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|ìkọlù ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kínní, 2021, lórí Ilé Capitol Amẹ́ríkà]], àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ rẹ̀ láti dènà ìwífún tí kò tọ́ àti ọ̀rọ̀ ìríra. Zuckerberg gbà pé Facebook ní ojúṣe láti kojú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ wọ̀nyí, ó sì ṣe àlàyé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ilé-iṣẹ́ náà ń gbé láti mú àwọn ìlànà àti ìṣe rẹ̀ sunwọ̀n síi. Ìgbẹ́jọ́ náà jẹ́ apá kan ìgbìyànjú tí ó gbòòrò síi láti ọwọ́ Ile-igbimọ Asofin láti mú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ jíhìn fún ipa wọn nínú dídarí ọ̀rọ̀ ìgboro àti dídáàbò bo àṣírí olùlò.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/25/tech/tech-ceos-hearing/|title=Facebook, Twitter and Google CEOs grilled by Congress on misinformation|access-date=December 15, 2023|agency=CNN|date=March 25, 2021|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325193152/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/25/tech/tech-ceos-hearing/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kínní 2024, níbi ìgbẹ́jọ́ [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Ìgbìmọ̀ Adájọ́ ti Alàgbà]] lórí àbò ọmọdé àti àwọn pèpéle ìbáṣepọ̀ ayélujára, Zuckerberg, pẹ̀lú àwọn Aláṣẹ Àgbà ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ mìíràn, ni wọ́n fọ̀rọ̀ wá lẹ́nu wò nípa àwọn ìṣe ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn. Nígbà ìgbẹ́jọ́ náà, ó dìde dúró, ó yíjú sí àwọn olùwòran, ó sì tọrọ àforíjìn lọ́wọ́ àwọn ẹbí àwọn ọmọdé tí wọ́n jẹ́ olùfarapa ìlòkulò àti ìpalára lórí ayélujára.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Heather |last2=Lima-Strong |first2=Cristiano |last3=Zakrzewski |first3=Cat |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Mark Zuckerberg apologizes to parents at Senate child safety hearing |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/01/31/mark-zuckerberg-apology-hearing-child-safety/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240314162022/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/01/31/mark-zuckerberg-apology-hearing-child-safety/ |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=David |date=February 1, 2024 |title=Mark Zuckerberg's long apology tour: A brief history |url=https://apnews.com/article/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-apology-c7055b654f63a23d09b6a96388dfa2b4 |publisher=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226142501/https://apnews.com/article/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-apology-c7055b654f63a23d09b6a96388dfa2b4 |archive-date=February 26, 2024}}</ref> === Àtakò sí àwọn àbá Meta fún ìlera ọpọlọ àwọn ọ̀dọ̀ === Àwọn ìwé ilé-ẹjọ́ fẹ̀sùn kan Zuckerberg pé ó fúnra rẹ̀ kọ àwọn àbá Meta láti mú ìlera ọpọlọ àwọn ọ̀dọ̀ sunwọ̀n síi. Ó tako àwọn ìgbìyànjú láti mú ìgbé-ayé-rere sunwọ̀n síi lórí Facebook àti Instagram léraléra, ó sì kọjú sí àwọn aláṣẹ àgbà bíi olórí Instagram [[Adam Mosseri]] àti Ààrẹ Ọ̀rọ̀ Àgbáyé [[Nick Clegg]], gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti ṣí i payá nínú ẹjọ́ tí ó ń lọ lọ́wọ́. Àwọn ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ abẹ́lé tí a ṣí payá nínú ìgbésẹ̀ òfin tí Massachusetts pilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ fi ìkọ̀jálẹ̀ Zuckerberg hàn láti dáàbò bo àwọn ọ̀dọ̀ tí ó ju 30 mílíọ̀nù lọ lórí Instagram ní Amẹ́ríkà, tí ó sì ń tẹnu mọ́ ipa ńlá rẹ̀ lórí àwọn ìpinnu Meta tí ó ń kan àwọn olùlò bílíọ̀nù. Àwọn ìwé wọ̀nyí tún tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ sí àwọn aáwọ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín Zuckerberg àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Meta mìíràn tí wọ́n ń jà fún ìmúsunwọ̀n ìgbé-ayé-rere olùlò.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fung |first=Brian |date=November 8, 2023|archive-date=November 9, 2023|title=Mark Zuckerberg personally rejected Meta's proposals to improve teen mental health, court documents allege |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/08/tech/meta-facebook-instagram-teen-safety/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109120734/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/08/tech/meta-facebook-instagram-teen-safety/|access-date=November 10, 2023|agency=CNN|url-status=live}}</ref> == Àwọn àfihàn nínú iṣẹ́ agbéròyìnjáde == ===''The Social Network''=== {{further|The Social Network}} [[File:Jesse Eisenberg by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Jesse Eisenberg]] (ninu àwòrán) ló ṣe ẹ̀dá Zuckerberg nínú ''[[The Social Network]]''.]] Sinimá kan tí ó dá lórí Zuckerberg àti àwọn ọdún ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Facebook, ''[[The Social Network]]'', jáde ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹwàá, 2010, pẹ̀lú [[Jesse Eisenberg]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí Zuckerberg. Lẹ́yìn tí Zuckerberg gbọ́ nípa sinimá náà, ó fèsì pé, "Mo kàn fẹ́ kí ẹnikẹ́ni má ṣe sinimá nípa mi nígbà tí mo ṣì wà láàyè."<ref>{{cite web |access-date=June 26, 2010 |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-20006653-56.html?tag=mncol;title |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712204017/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-20006653-56.html?tag=mncol;title |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 12, 2012 |title=Zuckerberg in the hot seat at D8 |publisher=CNET |date=June 2, 2010 |author=Fried, Ina }}</ref> Pẹ̀lúpẹ̀lù, lẹ́yìn tí ìwé-ìtàn sinimá náà (script) jo sórí Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì tí ó sì hàn gbangba pé sinimá náà kò ní fi Zuckerberg hàn ní ìmọ́lẹ̀ rere pátápátá, ó sọ pé òun fẹ́ fi ara òun hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ènìyàn rere".<ref>{{cite news |access-date=July 18, 2010 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article7127721.ece |title=Movie depicts seamy life of Facebook boss |newspaper=The Times |date=May 16, 2010 |last=Harlow |first=John |archive-date=November 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118143953/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=November 18, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118143953/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Sinimá náà dá lórí ìwé ''[[The Accidental Billionaires]]'' láti ọwọ́ [[Ben Mezrich]], èyí tí agbẹnusọ ìwé náà ti ṣàpèjúwe rí gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ìdùnnú ńlá" dípò "ìròyìn".<ref>{{cite news |access-date=September 22, 2010 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/21/business/media/21facebook.html |title=Facebook Feels Unfriendly Toward Film It Inspired |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 20, 2010 |last1=Cieply |first1=Michael |last2=Helft |first2=Miguel |name-list-style=amp |archive-date=April 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409040102/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/21/business/media/21facebook.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Olùkọ̀wé-ìtàn sinimá náà [[Aaron Sorkin]] sọ fún [[New York (magazine)|ìwé-ìròyìn ''New York'']] pé, "N kò fẹ́ kí ìdúróṣinṣin mi jẹ́ òtítọ́; mo fẹ́ kí ó jẹ́ ìtàn-sísọ", ó fi kún un pé, "Kí ni ohun ńlá nípa ìpéye nítorí ìpéye lásán, àti pé ṣé a kò le jẹ́ kí òtítọ́ jẹ́ ọ̀tá ohun rere?".<ref>{{cite magazine |access-date=September 22, 2010 |url=https://nymag.com/movies/features/68319 |title=Inventing Facebook |magazine=New York |date=September 17, 2010 |last=Harris|first=Mark |archive-date=September 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922042113/http://nymag.com/movies/features/68319/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Nígbà tí ó gba [[Golden Globe Award]] fún Àwòrán Tí Ó Dára Jùlọ ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kínní, 2011, olùgbéré-jáde [[Scott Rudin]] dúpẹ́ lọ́wọ́ Facebook àti Zuckerberg "fún ìfẹ́ inú rẹ̀ láti gba wa láyè láti lo ìgbésí ayé àti iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[metaphor|àfiwé]] láti fi sọ ìtàn nípa ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ àti ọ̀nà tí a ń gbà bá ara wa ṣe".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://techland.time.com/2011/01/17/the-social-network-filmmakers-thank-zuckerberg-during-golden-globes/ |title=The Social Network Filmmakers Thank Zuckerberg During Golden Globes |work=Techland |date=January 17, 2011 |access-date=January 23, 2011 |archive-date=January 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120160001/http://techland.time.com/2011/01/17/the-social-network-filmmakers-thank-zuckerberg-during-golden-globes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sorkin, ẹni tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ fún Ìwé-ìtàn Sinimá Tí Ó Dára Jùlọ, fa díẹ̀ nínú àwọn èrò tí ó fi hàn nínú ìwé-ìtàn rẹ̀ sẹ́yìn:<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2011/01/aaron_sorkin.html |title=Last Night, Aaron Sorkin Demonstrated How to Apologize Without Accepting Responsibility |journal=New York |date=January 17, 2011 |access-date=March 16, 2020 |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927174810/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2011/01/aaron_sorkin.html |url-status=live }}</ref> :Mo fẹ́ sọ fún Mark Zuckerberg lálẹ́ òní, tí o bá ń wò ó, ẹ̀dá-ìtàn [[Rooney Mara]] sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ kan ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ sinimá náà. Ó ṣèṣe. O ti di oníṣòwò ńlá, aríran, àti aláàánú aláìlẹ́gbẹ́. Ní Oṣù Kínní 2011, Zuckerberg ṣe àbẹ̀wò pàtàkì tí a kò retí lórí ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', èyí tí Jesse Eisenberg gbàlejò. Àwọn méjèèjì sọ pé ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí wọ́n pàdé nìyẹn.<ref>{{cite magazine|access-date=January 30, 2011 |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20462104,00.html |title=Mark Zuckerberg Meets Jesse Eisenberg on Saturday Night Live |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=January 30, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131034819/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20462104,00.html |archive-date=January 31, 2011 }}</ref> Eisenberg béèrè lọ́wọ́ Zuckerberg, ẹni tí ó ti ṣe ìríwísí nípa bí wọ́n ṣe fi hàn nínú sinimá náà, pé kí ni èrò rẹ̀ nípa sinimá náà. Zuckerberg fèsì pé, "Ó dùn mọ́ni."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/jesse-eisenberg-meets-the-real-mark-zuckerberg-on-snl/ |title=Jesse Eisenberg meets the real Mark Zuckerberg on SNL |publisher=Digital Trends |date=January 31, 2011 |access-date=February 12, 2011 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210164515/https://www.digitaltrends.com/movies/jesse-eisenberg-meets-the-real-mark-zuckerberg-on-snl/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò kan tí ó tẹ̀lé e nípa ìpàdé wọn, Eisenberg ṣàlàyé pé òun "bẹ̀rù láti pàdé rẹ̀, nítorí pé mo ti lo ọdún kan àti ààbọ̀ báyìí láti ronú nípa rẹ̀...". Ó fi kún un pé, "Mark ti ní inúure nípa nǹkan tí ó le gan-an... Òtítọ́ pé yóò ṣe ''SNL'' tí yóò sì fi ipò náà ṣe àwàdà jẹ́ nǹkan dídùn àti ọ̀làwọ́. Òun ni ọ̀nà tí ó dára jùlọ láti kojú nǹkan tí, mo rò pé, ó lè le gan-an láti kojú."<ref>[http://www.popsugar.com/Pictures-Jesse-Eisenberg-83rd-Annual-Academy-Awards-Nominees-Luncheon-13752458 "Jesse Eisenberg Calls Mark Zuckerberg "Sweet" and "Generous" in His Funny Oscar Nominees Lunch Interview"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210014505/http://www.popsugar.com/Pictures-Jesse-Eisenberg-83rd-Annual-Academy-Awards-Nominees-Luncheon-13752458 |date=February 10, 2011 }} PopSugar, February 7, 2011</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/blogs/monkeysee/2011/01/31/133345641/mark-zuckerberg-meets-jesse-eisenberg-on-the-saturday-night-live-stage "Mark Zuckerberg Meets Jesse Eisenberg On The 'Saturday Night Live' Stage"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405011422/http://www.npr.org/blogs/monkeysee/2011/01/31/133345641/mark-zuckerberg-meets-jesse-eisenberg-on-the-saturday-night-live-stage |date=April 5, 2015 }} NPR, January 30, 2011</ref> ====Àríyànjiyàn lórí ìpéye==== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[David Kirkpatrick (author)|David Kirkpatrick]], olóòtú ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ tẹ́lẹ̀ ní ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' àti òǹkọ̀wé ''[[The Facebook Effect|The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World]]'' (2011),<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/dp/1439102120 "The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202164428/https://www.amazon.com/dp/1439102120 |date=December 2, 2017 }}, release date February 1, 2011</ref> "sinimá náà jẹ́ òtítọ́ ní ìdá 40 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún péré... kò ṣe ẹlẹ́yà tàbí sọ̀rọ̀ àbùkù lọ́nà ìkà, bí wọ́n ṣe ṣe ẹ̀dá Zuckerberg nínú sinimá náà." Ó sọ pé "ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òtítọ́ ló péye, ṣùgbọ́n ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ni a ti yí padà, àti pé èrò lápapọ̀ jẹ́ irọ́" ó sì parí ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ pé "àwọn ìwúrí rẹ̀ gan-an ni láti gbìyànjú láti mú ọ̀nà tuntun wá láti pín ìwífún lórí Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì".<ref name="BBCmovie">Rohrer, Finlo. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11437873 "Is the Facebook movie the truth about Mark Zuckerberg"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123002149/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11437873|date=November 23, 2018}} BBC, September 30, 2010</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé sinimá náà fi dídá Facebook Zuckerberg hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti gbé ipò rẹ̀ ga lẹ́yìn tí kò rí àyè wọlé sí èyíkéyìí nínú àwọn [[Officially unrecognized Harvard College social clubs|ẹgbẹ́ àṣekágbá]] (final clubs) tí ó lókìkí ní Harvard, Zuckerberg sọ pé òun kò ní ìfẹ́ kankan láti darapọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ náà.<ref name="NEWYORKER2010" /> Kirkpatrick gbà pé èrò tí sinimá náà fúnni jẹ́ "irọ́". Karel Baloun, onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ní Facebook, ṣe àkíyèsí pé "àwòrán Zuckerberg gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kò mọ̀ nípa ìbáṣepọ̀ àwùjọ ti pọ̀ jù... Àròsọ ni...". Ó tún kọ̀ àṣìsọ sinimá náà pé "yóò mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ da ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀".<ref name=BBCmovie /> ===Àwọn àfihàn mìíràn=== Zuckerberg fi ohùn ara rẹ̀ ṣe ẹ̀dá ara rẹ̀ nínú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan ti ''[[The Simpsons]]'' tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ "[[Loan-a Lisa]]", èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ jáde ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹwàá, 2010. Nínú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà, [[Lisa Simpson]] àti ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ Nelson pàdé Zuckerberg níbi àpéjọ àwọn oníṣòwò. Zuckerberg sọ fún Lisa pé kò nílò láti jáde ní ilé-ìwé gíga láti di ẹni tí ó ṣàṣeyọrí gidigidi, ó ń tọ́ka sí [[Bill Gates]] àti [[Richard Branson]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí àpẹẹrẹ.<ref>{{cite magazine |access-date=September 22, 2010 |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/07/facebook_creator_mark_zuckerbe.html |title=Facebook Creator Mark Zuckerberg to Get Yellow on The Simpsons |magazine=New York |date=July 21, 2010 |archive-date=July 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725155006/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/07/facebook_creator_mark_zuckerbe.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹwàá, 2010, ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' ṣe àwàdà pẹ̀lú Zuckerberg àti Facebook.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/social.media/10/11/snl.facebook.zuckerberg/index.html?hpt=T2 |title=Facebook, Zuckerberg spoofed on 'SNL' |first=Brandon |last=Griggs |publisher=CNN |date=October 11, 2010 |access-date=October 11, 2010 |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110114609/http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/social.media/10/11/snl.facebook.zuckerberg/index.html?hpt=T2 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Andy Samberg]] ló ṣe ẹ̀dá Zuckerberg. Wọ́n ròyìn pé inú Zuckerberg fúnra rẹ̀ dùn sí i, "Mo rò pé èyí pani lẹ́rìn-ín."<ref>{{cite web |access-date=January 28, 2011 |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/10/mark_zuckerberg_liked_snls_fac.html |title=Mark Zuckerberg 'Liked' SNL's Facebook Skit |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=October 12, 2010 |archive-date=October 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015032903/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/10/mark_zuckerberg_liked_snls_fac.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stephen Colbert]] fún Zuckerberg ní "Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Ìbẹ̀rù" (Medal of Fear) níbi [[Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear]] ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá, 2010, "nítorí pé ó mọrírì àṣírí tirẹ̀ ju bí ó ṣe mọrírì tiyín lọ".<ref>{{cite news |author1=Lerer, Lisa |author2=McMillan, Traci |name-list-style=amp |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-30/comedy-central-s-stewart-says-press-politicians-are-creating-extremism.html |title=Comedy Central's Stewart Says Press, Politicians Are Creating Extremism |date=October 30, 2010 |publisher=Bloomberg News|access-date=November 4, 2010 |archive-date=November 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103161759/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-30/comedy-central-s-stewart-says-press-politicians-are-creating-extremism.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Zuckerberg fara hàn níbi òtéńté sinimá ìtàn-òtítọ́ ọdún 2013 ''[[Terms and Conditions May Apply]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nina Metz |department=Chicago Closeup |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-mov-0719-chicago-closeup-20130718,0,4941570.column |title=Terms and Conditions May Apply |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=July 18, 2013 |access-date=May 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524171502/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-mov-0719-chicago-closeup-20130718,0,4941570.column |archive-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2013/07/12/movies/terms-and-conditions-may-apply-details-digital-age-loss-of-privacy.html|title='Terms and Conditions May Apply' Details Digital-Age Loss of Privacy|date=July 11, 2013|access-date=May 25, 2014|last1=Catsoulis|first1=Jeannette|archive-date=February 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210164515/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/12/movies/terms-and-conditions-may-apply-details-digital-age-loss-of-privacy.html|url-status=live}} (paid)</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Cullen |last=Hoback |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/19/data-digital-identity-cullen-hoback |title=Our data is our digital identity – and we need to reclaim control &#124; Technology |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=May 25, 2014 |date=September 19, 2013 |archive-date=January 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121234335/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/19/data-digital-identity-cullen-hoback |url-status=live }}</ref> Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ''[[South Park]]'' "[[Franchise Prequel]]" fi í ṣe yẹ̀yẹ́. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[CNET]] ṣe sọ, wọ́n fi í hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí "onímọ̀ kọ̀m̀pútà oníjàgídíjàgan tí ń sọ àwọn ariwo àjèjì, tí ń ṣe àwọn àpẹẹrẹ kung fu àràmàǹdà tí ó sì ń yọjú níbikíbi tí ó bá fẹ́ ní ilé àwọn ènìyàn".<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 2, 2018|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/mark-zuckerberg-savaged-by-south-park/|title=Mark Zuckerberg savaged by 'South Park'|publisher=CNET|date=October 12, 2017|archive-date=March 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329071532/https://www.cnet.com/news/mark-zuckerberg-savaged-by-south-park/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọrẹ àti Chan Zuckerberg Initiative== {{further|Chan Zuckerberg Initiative}} [[File:Mark Zuckerberg in Prague 2013.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Zuckerberg àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ [[Priscilla Chan]] ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 2013|alt=Mark Zuckerberg àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ Priscilla Chan ń rìn lórí títì olókùúta ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 2013. Àwọn méjèèjì wọ sokoto jeans. Chan wọ aṣọ-ọrùn (scarf) àti aṣọ-àwọ̀lékè eléré-ìdárayá aláwọ̀ eérú. Zuckerberg wọ aṣọ-àwọ̀lékè oní-fìlà (hoodie) aláwọ̀ eérú dúdú. Àwọn méjèèjì ń wo inú kámẹ́rà, wọn kò rẹ́rìn-ín. ]] Zuckerberg dá ìpìlẹ̀ [[Startup:Education]] sílẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://secure.vnuemedia.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3i386774579db7c203321dc871f916d867|work=The Hollywood Reporter|title=Mark Zuckerberg: 'The Social Network' is 'fun'|first=Philiana|last=Ng|date=September 24, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915032857/https://secure.vnuemedia.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3i386774579db7c203321dc871f916d867|archive-date=September 15, 2012|access-date=December 3, 2025|archivedate=September 15, 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120915032857/https://secure.vnuemedia.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3i386774579db7c203321dc871f916d867|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Wọ́n ròyìn ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2010 pé ó ti tọrẹ $100&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ({{Inflation|index=US|value=100000000|start_year=2010|r=0|fmt=eq}}) fún [[Newark Public Schools]], ètò ilé-ìwé ìjọba ti [[Newark, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://education.newsweek.com/2010/11/23/can-mark-zuckerberg-s-money-save-newark-s-schools.html |work=Newsweek|title=Can Mark Zuckerberg's Money Save Newark's Schools?|date=November 23, 2010|first=Ryan|last=Tracy |url-status=dead|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20101130072722/http%3A//education.newsweek.com/2010/11/23/can%2Dmark%2Dzuckerberg%2Ds%2Dmoney%2Dsave%2Dnewark%2Ds%2Dschools.html|archive-date=November 30, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=September 23, 2010 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/facebook-ceo-to-gift-100m-to-newark-schools/ |title=Facebook CEO to Gift $100M to Newark Schools |publisher=CBS News|date=September 22, 2010 |first=David |last=Reidel|archive-date=September 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924080040/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/09/22/national/main6892301.shtml|url-status=live }}</ref> Àwọn alárìíwísí ṣe àkíyèsí àkókò ìtọrẹ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí ó súnmọ́ ìgbà tí ''The Social Network'' jáde, èyí tí ó fi Zuckerberg hàn ní ìmọ́lẹ̀ tí kò dára.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/09/mark_zuckerberg_to_give_100_mi.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg's Well-Timed $100 million Donation to Newark Public Schools |work=New York|date=September 22, 2010|access-date=September 28, 2010|archive-date=September 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926110129/http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/09/mark_zuckerberg_to_give_100_mi.html|url-status=live }}</ref> Zuckerberg fèsì sí àríwísí náà, ó sọ pé, "Ohun tí ó kàn mí jùlọ pẹ̀lú àkókò sinimá náà ni pé, n kò fẹ́ kí ìròyìn nípa sinimá ''The Social Network'' dàpọ̀ mọ́ iṣẹ́-àkànṣe Newark. Mo ronú láti ṣe èyí ní ìkọ̀kọ̀ kí àwọn nǹkan méjèèjì le wà lọ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀."<ref name="forbes20100924">{{cite magazine |url=https://blogs.forbes.com/velocity/2010/09/24/zuckerberg-pressured-to-announce-100-million-donation-to-newark |title=Zuckerberg Pressured To Announce $100 million Donation To Newark |magazine=Forbes |date=September 24, 2010 |access-date=September 28, 2010 |first=Mike |last=Isaac |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926213130/http://blogs.forbes.com/velocity/2010/09/24/zuckerberg-pressured-to-announce-100-million-donation-to-newark/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mayor Newark [[Cory Booker]] sọ pé òun àti Gómìnà New Jersey [[Chris Christie]] ló ní láti yí ẹgbẹ́ Zuckerberg lọ́kàn padà kí wọ́n má ṣe ìtọrẹ náà ní ìkọ̀kọ̀.<ref name="forbes20100924" /> Owó náà jẹ́ èyí tí ó ṣòfò lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí oníròyìn Dale Russakoff ṣe sọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://finance.yahoo.com/news/mark-zuckerbergs-100-million-donation-155608055.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg's $100 million donation to Newark public schools failed miserably — here's where it went wrong|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|date=September 25, 2015 |access-date=October 24, 2020|archive-date=November 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119220642/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mark-zuckerbergs-100-million-donation-155608055.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/23/books/review/the-prize-by-dale-russakoff.html|title='The Prize,' by Dale Russakoff|first=Alex|last=Kotlowitz|date=August 19, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 11, 2017|archive-date=February 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205130408/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/23/books/review/the-prize-by-dale-russakoff.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní 2010, Zuckerberg, [[Bill Gates]], àti olùdókòwò [[Warren Buffett]] fọwọ́sí [[The Giving Pledge]], nínú èyí tí wọ́n sọ pé àwọn yóò tọrẹ ó kéré jù ìdajì ọrọ̀ wọn fún iṣẹ́-àánú bí àkókò ti ń lọ, wọ́n sì pe àwọn mìíràn láàárín àwọn olówó láti tọrẹ ìdá 50 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ nínú ọrọ̀ wọn fún iṣẹ́-àánú.<ref>* {{cite news |newspaper=[[The Mercury News|San Jose Mercury News]] |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16813123?nclick_check=1 |first=Sandra |last=Gonzales |title=Zuckerberg to donate wealth |date=December 8, 2010 |access-date=December 9, 2010 |archive-date=February 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221221306/http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16813123?nclick_check=1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-10870361 |title=US billionaires pledge 50% of their wealth to charity |date=August 4, 2010 |publisher=BBC |access-date=September 6, 2010 |archive-date=August 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830170602/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-10870361 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Moss |first=Rosabeth |url=http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/dec2010/ca20101214_945792.htm |title=Four Strategic Generosity Lessons |magazine=Bloomberg Businessweek |date=December 14, 2010 |access-date=March 9, 2011 |archive-date=February 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225154751/http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/dec2010/ca20101214_945792.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kejìlá 2012, Zuckerberg àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ [[Priscilla Chan]] sọ pé nígbà ayé wọn, àwọn yóò fi ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọrọ̀ wọn fún "mímú agbára ènìyàn sunwọ̀n síi àti gbígbé ìdọ́gba lárugẹ" ní ẹ̀mí The Giving Pledge.<ref>[https://www.givingpledge.org/ The Giving Pledge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051705/https://www.givingpledge.org/ |date=December 31, 2017 }} website. Retrieved December 3, 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://givingpledge.org/Pledger.aspx?id=314|title=Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan|publisher=The Giving Pledge|access-date=July 16, 2017|archive-date=August 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828231947/https://givingpledge.org/Pledger.aspx?id=314|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kejìlá 2013, Zuckerberg kéde ìtọrẹ ti 18 mílíọ̀nù ìpín Facebook fún [[Silicon Valley Community Foundation]], láti ṣe ní òpin oṣù náà—tí ó dá lórí iye Facebook nígbà náà, àwọn ìpín náà tó $990&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ní iye ({{Inflation|index=US|value=990000000|start_year=2013|r=0|fmt=eq}}). Nígbà tó yá ní oṣù yẹn, wọ́n mọ ìtọrẹ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀bùn iṣẹ́-àánú tí ó tóbi jùlọ tí ó wà nínú àkọsílẹ̀ fún ọdún yẹn.<ref>* {{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_24760678/facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-makes-1-billion-donation|title=Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg makes $1 billion donation|last=Bailey|first=Brandon|date=December 19, 2013|access-date=December 20, 2013|newspaper=[[The Mercury News]]|archive-date=December 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220023538/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_24760678/facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-makes-1-billion-donation|url-status=live}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/10528624/Mark-Zuckerberg-donates-1bn-to-charity.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/10528624/Mark-Zuckerberg-donates-1bn-to-charity.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mark Zuckerberg donates $1bn to charity|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=December 19, 2013|access-date=December 20, 2013|first=Matthew |last=Sparkes}}{{cbignore}} * {{cite web|title=Zuckerberg's Other Billion-Dollar Idea: 2013's Biggest Charitable Gift|url=http://mashable.com/2014/01/02/zuckerberg-charitable-donation-2013|publisher=Mashable|access-date=January 3, 2014|first=Kurt|last=Wagner|date=January 3, 2014|archive-date=January 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104055100/http://mashable.com/2014/01/02/zuckerberg-charitable-donation-2013/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'' fi Zuckerberg àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ sí ipò kìíní nínú àtòjọ ọdọọdún ìwé-ìròyìn náà fún àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà 50 tí wọ́n lawọ́ jùlọ fún ọdún 2013, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n tọrẹ nǹkan bí $1&nbsp;billion fún iṣẹ́-àánú ({{Inflation|index=US|value=1000000000|start_year=2013|r=0|fmt=eq}}).<ref name=usa-today-biggest-giver>{{cite news|newspaper=USA Today|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/02/10/zuckerberg-biggest-giver/5355871|title=Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg biggest giver in 2013|date=February 10, 2014|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202164654/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/02/10/zuckerberg-biggest-giver/5355871/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹwàá 2014, Zuckerberg àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ tọrẹ $25&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ({{Inflation|index=US|value=25000000|start_year=2014|r=0|fmt=eq}}) láti bá [[Ebola virus disease|àrùn kòkòrò Ebola]] jà, pàápàá jùlọ [[West African Ebola virus epidemic|àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn kòkòrò Ebola ní Ìwọ̀orùn Áfíríkà]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/10/14/facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-and-priscilla-chan-donate-25-million-to-ebola-fight|title=Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg and wife Priscilla Chan donate $25 million to Ebola fight|last=Phillip|first=Abby|date=October 14, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-date=October 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020112530/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/10/14/facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-and-priscilla-chan-donate-25-million-to-ebola-fight/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2014/10/14/mark-zuckerberg-is-giving-25-million-to-fight-ebola|title=Mark Zuckerberg Is Giving $25 Million To Fight Ebola|last=Kroll|first=Luisa|date=October 14, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|magazine=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=October 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022053126/http://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2014/10/14/mark-zuckerberg-is-giving-25-million-to-fight-ebola/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tọkọtaya náà fi $75&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ({{Inflation|index=US|value=75000000|start_year=2015|r=0|fmt=eq}}) fún ìpìlẹ̀ [[San Francisco General Hospital]] ní Oṣù Kejì 2015, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ìtọrẹ ẹnìkọ̀ọ̀kan tí ó tóbi jùlọ fún ilé-ìwòsàn ìjọba ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ilé-ìwòsàn náà bu ọlá fún wọn nípa títún orúkọ rẹ̀ sọ sí The Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center. Nígbà tí ó yá ní 2020, [[San Francisco Board of Supervisors]] ṣe òfin kan tí kò fi dandan múni, tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ti gbogbo wọn, láti dẹ́bi fún títún orúkọ náà sọ, pẹ̀lú ìtọ́ka sí àwọn ìbẹ̀rù pé ilé-ìwòsàn ìjọba kò gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ orúkọ ẹni tí wọ́n fẹ̀sùn kan pèpéle ìbáṣepọ̀ ayélujára rẹ̀ pé ó "ń fi ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn sínú ewu, ń tan ìwífún tí kò tọ́ kálẹ̀, àti rírú àṣírí".<ref>* {{Cite web|last=Botelho|first=Greg|date=February 7, 2015|title=Zuckerberg, wife give $75 million to San Francisco General Hospital|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/02/07/tech/zuckerberg-hospital-donation/index.html|website=[[CNN Business]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203121935/https://www.cnn.com/2015/02/07/tech/zuckerberg-hospital-donation/index.html|archive-date=February 3, 2024|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|last=Schleifer|first=Theodore|date=December 15, 2020|title=Mark Zuckerberg gave $75 million to a San Francisco hospital. The city has condemned him anyway.|url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/12/3/22151273/mark-zuckerberg-general-hospital-san-francisco-naming-vote|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419162358/https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/12/3/22151273/mark-zuckerberg-general-hospital-san-francisco-naming-vote|archive-date=April 19, 2024|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|last=Har|first=Janie|date=December 15, 2020|title=San Francisco board rebukes naming hospital for Facebook CEO|url=https://apnews.com/general-news-6bafe23177047b052c345a388ef322d3|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516050853/https://apnews.com/general-news-6bafe23177047b052c345a388ef322d3|archive-date=May 16, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejìlá, 2015, tọkọtaya náà ṣèlérí láti gbé 99% ti àwọn ìpín Facebook wọn, tí wọ́n fojú bù sí $45&nbsp;bílíọ̀nù nígbà náà ({{Inflation|index=US|value=45000000000|start_year=2015|r=0|fmt=eq}}), fún [[Chan Zuckerberg Initiative]] (CZI).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/02/technology/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-charity.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg Vows to Donate 99% of His Facebook Shares for Charity|date=December 1, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 11, 2017|archive-date=July 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723095124/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/02/technology/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-charity.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọn kò ní gbé owó náà lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà ayé wọn.<ref name="BBC News 1 December 2015">{{cite news|title=Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg to give away 99% of shares|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-34978249|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=BBC News|access-date=December 1, 2015|archive-date=December 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202102144/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-34978249|url-status=live}}</ref> Dípò dídá àjọ iṣẹ́-àánú sílẹ̀ láti tọrẹ iye àwọn ìpín náà fún, bí [[Bill Gates]], [[Warren Buffett]], [[Larry Page]], [[Sergey Brin]] àti àwọn bílíọ̀nà mìíràn ti ṣe, Zuckerberg àti Chan yan láti lo ètò [[limited liability company|ilé-iṣẹ́ tí gbèsè rẹ̀ ní òpin (LLC)]]. Àwọn oníròyìn àti àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé kan ti sọ pé CZI ń ṣe [[philanthrocapitalism]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/mark-zuckerberg-and-the-rise-of-philanthrocapitalism|title=Mark Zuckerberg and the Rise of Philanthrocapitalism|date=December 2, 2015|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=March 16, 2020|archive-date=December 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050800/https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/mark-zuckerberg-and-the-rise-of-philanthrocapitalism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/technology/zuckerbergs-philanthropy-uses-llc-for-more-control.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg's Philanthropy Uses L.L.C. for More Control|date=December 2, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 11, 2017|archive-date=January 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112114222/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/technology/zuckerbergs-philanthropy-uses-llc-for-more-control.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://econreview.berkeley.edu/the-merits-and-drawbacks-of-philanthrocapitalism/ |title=The Merits and Drawbacks of Philanthrocapitalism |publisher=Berkeley Economic Review |date=March 14, 2019 |access-date=March 25, 2020 |archive-date=March 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325030056/https://econreview.berkeley.edu/the-merits-and-drawbacks-of-philanthrocapitalism/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní 2016, CZI fúnni ní $600&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ({{Inflation|index=US|value=600000000|start_year=2016|r=0|fmt=eq}}) láti dá àjọ iṣẹ́-àánú tí kò san owó-orí [[Chan Zuckerberg Biohub]] sílẹ̀, àyè ìwádìí alájùmọ̀ṣe ní [[Mission Bay, San Francisco|agbègbè Mission Bay]] ti San Francisco nítòsí [[University of California, San Francisco]], pẹ̀lú èrò láti mú ìbáṣepọ̀ àti àjùmọ̀ṣe dàgbà láàárín àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní UCSF, [[University of California, Berkeley]], àti [[Stanford University]]. Ohun-ìní ìmọ̀ (Intellectual property) tí wọ́n bá ṣẹ̀dá yóò jẹ́ ti Biohub àti ilé-iṣẹ́ olùwádìí náà lápapọ̀. Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìpìlẹ̀ bíi [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]], tí wọ́n ń ṣí gbogbo ìwádìí tí wọ́n sanwó fún sílẹ̀ fún àǹfààní àti lílò padà láìsí ìkálọ́wọ́kò láti ọwọ́ gbogbo ènìyàn, Biohub dá ẹ̀tọ́ náà dúró láti sọ ìwádìí èyíkéyìí tí ó bá sanwó fún di ti iṣòwò. Àwọn olùpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ yóò ní àyè láti jẹ́ kí àwọn àwárí wọn wà ní gbangba (open-source), pẹ̀lú àṣẹ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Biohub.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.czbiohub.org/competition/faq/ |title=Frequently Asked Questions – Chan Zuckerberg Biohub |work=Czbiohub.org |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803205233/https://www.czbiohub.org/competition/faq/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maxmen |first1=Amy |title='Riskiest ideas' win $50 million from Chan Zuckerberg Biohub |url=https://archive.org/details/nature-uk_2017-02-16_542_7641/page/280 |journal=Nature |date=February 16, 2017 |volume=542 |issue=7641 |pages=280–281 |doi=10.1038/nature.2017.21440 |pmid=28202988 |bibcode=2017Natur.542..280M |doi-access=free |issn=0028-0836 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemlee/chan-zuckerberg-biohub-contract |title=Document Shows How Mark Zuckerberg's New Science Charity Will Handle IP |website=BuzzFeed News |date=November 1, 2016 |access-date=March 25, 2020 |archive-date=March 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325022553/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemlee/chan-zuckerberg-biohub-contract |url-status=live }}</ref> Láti mú àǹfààní sí ìwádìí ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì pọ̀ sí i àti láti gbé ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tí ó wà ní gbangba lárugẹ, CZ Biohub ń béèrè lọ́wọ́ àwọn olùwádìí àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì rẹ̀ láti tẹ àwọn iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n gbé wá àti àwọn dátà tí ó jọmọ wọn jáde lórí àwọn pèpéle [[preprint]] bíi [[bioRxiv]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal0719|last=Kaiser|first=Jocelyn|date=February 8, 2017|journal=Science|title=Chan Zuckerberg Biohub funds first crop of 47 investigators|doi=10.1126/science.aal0719 |access-date=March 3, 2022|archive-date=March 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304133040/https://www.science.org/content/article/chan-zuckerberg-biohub-funds-first-crop-47-investigators|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.czbiohub.org/competition/faq/ |publisher=Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Network |title= FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: CHAN ZUCKERBERG BIOHUB INTERCAMPUS RESEARCH AWARDS |access-date= January 14, 2021 |archive-date= December 5, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201205222343/https://www.czbiohub.org/competition/faq/ |url-status= live }}</ref> Lákòókò [[COVID-19 pandemic|àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn COVID-19]], Zuckerberg kéde $25&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ({{Inflation|index=US|value=25000000|start_year=2020|r=0|fmt=eq}}) ní owó-ìrànwọ́ láti ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún iṣẹ́ ìròyìn agbègbè tí àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn náà kàn àti $75&nbsp;mílíọ̀nù ({{Inflation|index=US|value=75000000|start_year=2020|r=0|fmt=eq}}) ní rírà ìpolówó-ọjà nínú àwọn ìwé-ìròyìn agbègbè láti ọwọ́ [[Facebook, Inc.]], níbi tí Facebook yóò ti polówó ara rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-local-news-coronavirus-41b7e6ee-2a19-4d51-b05f-1ff3980d6948.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg: "Local journalism is incredibly important" to fighting coronavirus crisis|first=Mike|last=Allen|website=Axios|date=March 30, 2020 |access-date=October 24, 2020|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212333/https://www.axios.com/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-local-news-coronavirus-41b7e6ee-2a19-4d51-b05f-1ff3980d6948.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni== === Ìgbéyàwó àti àwọn ọmọ === [[File:Visita_de_Mark_Zuckerberg_a_Los_Pinos._(15150761882)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Pẹ̀lú ìyàwó rẹ̀, [[Priscilla Chan]], ní 2014]] Zuckerberg pàdé akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ [[Priscilla Chan]] níbi ayẹyẹ ẹgbẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ kan ní ọdún kejì rẹ̀ ní Harvard. Wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fẹ́ ara wọn ní 2003.<ref name="forbes1">{{cite magazine |magazine=Forbes|first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Mark Zuckerberg's Wife Priscilla Chan: A New Brand of Billionaire Bride |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2012/05/20/mark-zuckerbergs-wife-priscilla-chan-a-new-brand-of-billionaire-bride/ |date=May 20, 2012 |access-date=May 21, 2012 |archive-date=May 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522082908/http://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2012/05/20/mark-zuckerbergs-wife-priscilla-chan-a-new-brand-of-billionaire-bride/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2010, Chan, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìmọ̀ ìṣègùn ní [[University of California, San Francisco]] nígbà náà,<ref>[http://medschool2.ucsf.edu/spotlights/white-coats-rainbow-students "White Coats on a Rainbow of Students"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112205926/http://medschool2.ucsf.edu/spotlights/white-coats-rainbow-students |date=January 12, 2013 }}, ''Spotlight'', UCSF School of Medicine. Cf. Priscilla Chan, 23.</ref> kó wọlé sínú ilé tí Zuckerberg yá ní [[Palo Alto, California]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/Zuckerberg-Goes-Searching-in-China-71499.html?wlc=1292882576|title=Zuckerberg Goes Searching in China|first=Rob|last=Spiegel |date=December 20, 2010|access-date=December 20, 2010|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202160349/https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/Zuckerberg-Goes-Searching-in-China-71499.html?wlc=1292882576 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=ChineseTime.cn |url=http://www.chinesetime.cn/learn/chinese/forum/tabid/119/forumid/-1/postid/4618/scope/posts/language/en-US/Default.aspx |title=Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg learn chinese every morning |date=September 29, 2010|access-date=November 7, 2010|archive-date=November 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124032855/http://www.chinesetime.cn/learn/chinese/forum/tabid/119/forumid/-1/postid/4618/scope/posts/language/en-US/Default.aspx|url-status=dead }}</ref> Wọ́n ṣègbéyàwó ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún, 2012, ní àgbàlá ilé rẹ̀ ńlá nínú ayẹyẹ kan tí ó tún ṣe ayẹyẹ ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́gboyè Chan láti ilé-ìwé ìṣègùn.<ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg marries Priscilla Chan |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-marries-priscilla-chan/|access-date=May 20, 2012|publisher=CBS News|archive-date=August 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813135358/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_162-57437780-501465/facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-marries-priscilla-chan/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Marcus|last=Wohlsen|title=Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg marries longtime girlfriend, Priscilla Chan: Palo Alto, Calif., ceremony caps busy week after company goes public|date=May 19, 2012|publisher=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/47491836|access-date=May 20, 2012|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806134643/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/47491836|url-status=dead}}</ref> Zuckerberg sọ ní Oṣù Keje 2015 pé àwọn ń retí ọmọbìnrin kan àti pé Chan ti ní ìṣẹ́yún mẹ́ta tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33743740|title=Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg to become a father |agency=BBC News |date=July 31, 2015 |access-date=August 1, 2015|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202160223/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33743740 |url-status=live }}</ref> A bí ọmọbìnrin àkọ́kọ́ wọn ní Oṣù Kejìlá 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/12/01/mark-zuckerberg-will-give-away-99-percent-of-his-facebook-stock/|title=Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan to give away 99 percent of their Facebook stock, worth $45 billion|first1=Todd C.|last1=Frankel|first2=Brian|last2=Fung|first3=Lyndsey|last3=Layton|access-date=October 24, 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=August 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816152434/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/12/01/mark-zuckerberg-will-give-away-99-percent-of-his-facebook-stock/|url-status=live}}</ref> Wọ́n kéde nínú fídíò [[Chinese New Year|Ọdún Tuntun China]] kan pé orúkọ Chinese ọmọbìnrin wọn ni Chen Mingyu ({{zh|陈明宇}}).<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Kell |first1=John |title=Mark Zuckerberg Reveals Daughter's Chinese Name |url=http://fortune.com/2016/02/08/facebook-zuckerberg-daughter/ |magazine=Fortune |access-date=February 29, 2016 |date=February 8, 2016 |quote=In a pretty adorable video shared by the tech executive over the weekend, Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan said their daughter Max's Chinese name is Chen Mingyu. |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306071741/https://fortune.com/2016/02/08/facebook-zuckerberg-daughter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A bí ọmọbìnrin kejì wọn ní Oṣù Kẹjọ 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mark Zuckerberg and his wife just unveiled their new baby girl to the world |date=August 28, 2017 |access-date=August 28, 2017 |url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/mark-zuckerberg-and-his-wife-just-unveiled-their-new-baby-girl-to-the-world |agency=Fox News |archive-date=August 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828205359/http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2017/08/28/mark-zuckerberg-and-his-wife-just-unveiled-their-new-baby-girl-to-world.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Zuckerberg àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ bí ọmọbìnrin kẹta wọn ní Oṣù Kẹta 2023 wọ́n sì kéde ìròyìn náà lórí àwọn ojú-ewé ìbáṣepọ̀ ayélujára rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/parents/mark-zuckerberg-wife-priscilla-chan-welcome-third-baby-girl/|title=Mark Zuckerberg and Wife Priscilla Chan Welcome Baby No. 3, Daughter Aurelia: 'Little Blessing'|magazine=People|first=Georgia|last=Slater|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=March 24, 2023|archive-date=March 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324150910/https://people.com/parents/mark-zuckerberg-wife-priscilla-chan-welcome-third-baby-girl/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tọkọtaya náà tún ní [[Puli dog|ajá Puli]] kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Beast,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/meet-beast-zuckerberg-your-new-favorite-puli-dog-rug/|title=Meet Beast Zuckerberg, your new favorite dog rug|date=December 7, 2015|publisher=CBS News|access-date=May 9, 2019|archive-date=May 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509133833/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/meet-beast-zuckerberg-your-new-favorite-puli-dog-rug/|url-status=live}}</ref> tí ó ní àwọn olùtẹ̀lé tí ó ju mílíọ̀nù méjì lọ lórí Facebook ní 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/22/technology/mark-zuckerberg-dog-beast-baby/index.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg's dog Beast is 'moping' over new baby|last=King|first=Hope|date=September 22, 2016|publisher=CNN|access-date=May 9, 2019|archive-date=May 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509133834/https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/22/technology/mark-zuckerberg-dog-beast-baby/index.html|url-status=live|archivedate=May 9, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509133834/https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/22/technology/mark-zuckerberg-dog-beast-baby/index.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Zuckerberg gba ayàwòrán [[Daniel Arsham]] láti kọ́ ère ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ méje ti ìyàwó rẹ̀, èyí tí wọ́n ṣípayá ní 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx29e0w3gkvo|title=Mark Zuckerberg reveals 'Roman' statue of wife|date=August 14, 2024|work=BBC News|last=Faguy|first=Ana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911191338/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx29e0w3gkvo|archive-date=September 11, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2025}}, ẹbí Zuckerberg ń gbé ní agbègbè ńlá kan ní Crescent Park ti Palo Alto. Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 2025, ''[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]]'' tẹ ìwádìí kan jáde lórí àwọn ẹ̀hónú láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn aládùúgbò nípa ilé-ìwé kan tí ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ Zuckerberg láìsí ìwé-àṣẹ.<ref name="wired-6nov2025">{{cite news |last1=Haskins |first1=Caroline |title=Mark Zuckerberg Opened an Illegal School at His Palo Alto Compound. His Neighbors Revolted |url=https://www.wired.com/story/mark-zuckerberg-school-palo-alto-shut-down/ |access-date=November 7, 2025 |work=[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]] |date=November 6, 2025}}</ref> === Ìgbàgbọ́ ẹ̀sìn àti àwọn ìfẹ́ mìíràn === A bí i a sì tọ́ ọ dàgbà nínú ilé Reform Jewish, Zuckerberg padà pe ara rẹ̀ ní aláìgbàgbọ́ (atheist). Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ó sọ ní 2016 pé, "Mo la àkókò kan kọjá níbi tí mo ti béèrè àwọn ìbéèrè nípa nǹkan, ṣùgbọ́n báyìí mo gbàgbọ́ pé ẹ̀sìn ṣe pàtàkì gan-an."<ref name="Kirkpatrick" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Vara|first=Vauhini|date=November 28, 2007|title=Just How Much Do We Want to Share On Social Networks?|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119621309736406034|access-date=December 30, 2016|archive-date=August 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813163154/http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB119621309736406034.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Zauzmer|first=Julie|date=December 30, 2016|title=Mark Zuckerberg says he's no longer an atheist, believes 'religion is very important'|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/12/30/mark-zuckerberg-says-hes-no-longer-an-atheist-believes-religion-is-very-important|access-date=October 31, 2019|archive-date=October 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031081908/https://www.washingtonpost.com//news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/12/30/mark-zuckerberg-says-hes-no-longer-an-atheist-believes-religion-is-very-important/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní 2017, òun àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìrìn-àjò kan ní Amẹ́ríkà "láti ṣàbẹ̀wò sí gbogbo ìpínlẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà àti láti kọ́ púpọ̀ sí i nípa apá díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ènìyàn tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó bílíọ̀nù méjì tí wọ́n ń lo ìkànnì ìbáṣepọ̀ náà déédé". Ó pàdé àwọn àgbẹ̀ àti àwọn oníṣòwò, ó sì sọ̀rọ̀ ní [[Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church|Mother Emanuel]], níbi tí [[Charleston church shooting|ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìbon-pípa ti 2015]] ti wáyé.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/technology/zuckerberg-harvard-commencement-road-trip.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg's great American road trip |newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 25, 2017|last=Isaac|first=Mike| access-date=July 18, 2022|archive-date=July 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718140815/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/technology/zuckerberg-harvard-commencement-road-trip.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/03/13/us/zuckerberg-mother-emanuel-church-trnd/index.html| title=Facebook's Zuckerberg visits Mother Emanuel AME Church|publisher=CNN|date=March 13, 2017|access-date=July 18, 2022| archive-date=July 18, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718140815/https://www.cnn.com/2017/03/13/us/zuckerberg-mother-emanuel-church-trnd/index.html| url-status=live}}</ref> Ní 2022, Zuckerberg bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nínú [[mixed martial arts]] (MMA) àti [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] (BJJ) méjèèjì, ó sì ti sọ nípa ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ fún àwọn eré-ìdárayá méjèèjì ní gbangba.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://jitsmagazine.com/facebook-founder-mark-zuckerberg-reveals-love-for-bjj-and-mma/ | title=Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg reveals love for BJJ and MMA | date=August 30, 2022 | access-date=December 21, 2022 |magazine=Jits| archive-date=December 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221115951/https://jitsmagazine.com/facebook-founder-mark-zuckerberg-reveals-love-for-bjj-and-mma/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Ó díje nínú ìdíje BJJ ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Karùn-ún, 2023, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ fàdákà àti wúrà ní [[BJJ gi|gi]] àti no gi, níbi tí ó ti díje ní white belt.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Burne |first=Kathrine |title=Mark Zuckerberg competes in and wins BJJ tournament |url=https://jitsmagazine.com/mark-zuckerberg-competes-in-and-wins-bjj-tournament/ |magazine=Jits|date=May 7, 2023 |access-date=May 7, 2023 |archive-date=May 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507054821/https://jitsmagazine.com/mark-zuckerberg-competes-in-and-wins-bjj-tournament/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní Oṣù Keje 2023, Dave Camarillo gbe e ga sí [[BJJ belt|blue belt]] ní Brazilian jiu-jitsu.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Phil |title=Mark Zuckerberg promoted to BJJ blue belt |url=https://jitsmagazine.com/mark-zuckerberg-promoted-to-bjj-blue-belt/ |magazine=Jits |date=July 23, 2023 |access-date=July 23, 2023 |archive-date=July 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723081939/https://jitsmagazine.com/mark-zuckerberg-promoted-to-bjj-blue-belt/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Oṣù mẹ́rin lẹ́yìn náà, Zuckerberg kéde pé òun ń múra láti ṣe ìṣàfihàn MMA àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n ó ti ní [[anterior cruciate ligament injury|ìpalára anterior cruciate ligament]] nínú ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tí ó nílò iṣẹ́-abẹ èyí tí ó ti dá a dúró.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Rogers |first=Kian |title=Mark Zuckerberg undergoes ACL surgery after injury in training for MMA debut |url=https://jitsmagazine.com/mark-zuckerberg-undergoes-acl-surgery-after-injury-in-training-for-mma-debut/ |magazine=Jits |date=November 4, 2023 |access-date=November 4, 2023 |archive-date=November 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104093056/https://jitsmagazine.com/mark-zuckerberg-undergoes-acl-surgery-after-injury-in-training-for-mma-debut/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Wo eléyìí náà == * [[Mark Zuckerberg book club]] {{clear}} ==Àwọn àkíyèsí== {{notelist}} ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} ==Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ìta== {{Commons category}} {{Wikinews category}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{Facebook}} * {{IMDb name}} * [https://www.forbes.com/profile/mark-zuckerberg/ Mark Zuckerberg]'s listing at ''[[Forbes]]'' * {{C-SPAN|9263745}} {{Facebook navbox}} {{Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025}} {{Wealthiest people in the United States}} {{Portal bar|Biography|Business|Internet|Technology|San Francisco Bay Area|California|United States}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zuckerberg, Mark}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí 1984]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn oníṣòwò Amẹ́ríkà ní ọ̀rúndún 21]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Júù Amẹ́ríkà ní ọ̀rúndún 21]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn oníṣẹ́-àánú Amẹ́ríkà ní ọ̀rúndún 21]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn bílíọ̀nà Amẹ́ríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn alága ilé-iṣẹ́ Amẹ́ríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ̀wé-kọ̀m̀pútà Amẹ́ríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùdásílẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì Amẹ́ríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn aláṣẹ àgbà àjọ tí kìí ṣe fún èrè Amẹ́ríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkópa Brazilian jiu-jitsu Amẹ́ríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn aláṣẹ àgbà Amẹ́ríkà nínú ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn oníṣòwò láti New York (ìpínlẹ̀)]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn oníṣòwò láti Palo Alto, California]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Chan Zuckerberg Initiative]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùdarí Meta Platforms]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ Facebook]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùdásílẹ̀ àjọ-àánú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùwá-ìfàgùn-ẹ̀mí]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Nerd]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn láti Dobbs Ferry, New York]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn láti White Plains, New York]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn oníṣẹ́-àánú láti New York (ìpínlẹ̀)]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́gboyè Phillips Exeter Academy]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́gboyè Harvard University]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ẹni ti Ọdún ti Time]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Olorí Ọ̀dọ̀ Àgbáyé ti World Economic Forum]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ẹbí Zuckerberg|Mark]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùtajà ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ aládàáni]] 229xylf5a4yvoygn3am2jg9tjjlnsbs Oníṣe:GerardM/Egyptian universities et al 2 68346 631999 631635 2026-08-19T13:03:45Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 631999 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q79 Scholia for Egypt] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q79 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Organization ! Number of authors ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q194445|Cairo University]]'' | 62 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q194445|288]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q194445/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2723670|Ain Shams University]]'' | 40 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2723670|485]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2723670/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q413993|Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo]]'' | 38 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q413993|855]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q413993/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q173959|Al-Azhar University]]'' | 26 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q173959|81]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q173959/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q469476|The American University in Cairo]]'' | 20 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q469476|44]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q469476/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47068464|Union of Arab Historians]]'' | 12 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47068464|102]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47068464/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1424632|Alexandria University]]'' | 12 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1424632|39]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1424632/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q746413|Elsevier]]'' | 8 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6540658|Writers Union of Egypt]]'' | 6 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6540658|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6540658/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1232190|Institut d'Égypte]]'' | 6 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1232190|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1232190/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1472454|Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale]]'' | 6 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1472454|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1472454/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6978045|National Research Centre]]'' | 6 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6978045|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6978045/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1299166|Egypt Exploration Society]]'' | 5 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1299166|26]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1299166/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q246534|Assiut University]]'' | 5 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q246534|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q246534/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12192324|Supreme Council of Culture]]'' | 5 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12192324|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12192324/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2917699|Tanta University]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2917699|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2917699/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12244326|Institute of Arab Manuscripts]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244326|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244326/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6865113|Minia University]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6865113|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6865113/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236130|Faculty of Dar Al-Uloom, Cairo University]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236130|135]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236130/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12239075|Academy of Islamic Studies]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12239075|31]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12239075/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q133207|Muslim Brotherhood]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q133207|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q133207/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20949323|Faculty of Arts Cairo University]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20949323|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20949323/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1364550|Capital University (Egypt)]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1364550|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1364550/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4116210|Kasr Al AinY]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116210|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116210/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q913972|Order of Friars Minor]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q913972|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q913972/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q40535|Supreme Council of Antiquities]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q40535|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q40535/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4116236|Mansoura University]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116236|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116236/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16190895|Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16190895|77]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16190895/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2829240|Al-Masry Al-Youm]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2829240|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2829240/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1042722|Benha University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1042722|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1042722/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q312342|Al-Azhar Mosque]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q312342|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q312342/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q539918|Ash'ari]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236033|Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236033|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236033/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q14565823|Misr University for Science and Technology]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14565823|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14565823/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15438708|Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (Egypt)]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15438708|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15438708/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6508638|Faculty of Science, Cairo University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6508638|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6508638/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5429026|Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University Girls Branch Cairo]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429026|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429026/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1163280|Menoufia University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1163280|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1163280/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q691097|German University in Cairo]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q691097|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q691097/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002010|Minia University Faculty of Science]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002010|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002010/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q122905431|Faculty of Arts, Helwan University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q122905431|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q122905431/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20419794|Egyptian Society for Historical Studies]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20419794|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20419794/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30281693|Agricultural Research Center]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281693|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281693/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45136187|Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q45136187|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q45136187/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4120601|Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4120601|18]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4120601/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q959279|Egyptian Radio and Television Union]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q959279|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q959279/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4116122|Akhbar el-Yom]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116122|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116122/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3679860|Arab Open University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3679860|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3679860/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q775838|Al-Hakim Mosque]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q775838|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q775838/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q915413|Mosque of Ibn Tulun]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q915413|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q915413/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12244302|Institute of Arab Research and Studies]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244302|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244302/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16126728|Arab Lawyers Union]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16126728|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16126728/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22689292|TeN TV]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22689292|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22689292/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q382551|Egyptian Navy]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q382551|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q382551/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85870304|General Union of Arab Writers]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q85870304|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q85870304/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1161619|Suez Canal University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1161619|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1161619/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236049|Faculty of Science Sohag University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236049|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236049/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17004556|Higher Institute of Engineering]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17004556|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17004556/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2945179|Centre d'études alexandrines]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945179|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945179/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30314620|National Press Association]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30314620|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30314620/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4118002|Ministry of Health and Population]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4118002|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4118002/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4118519|Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation of Egypt]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4118519|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4118519/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43896404|Ain Shams University Hospital]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896404|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896404/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4664220|Council of Senior Scholars of al-Azhar]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4664220|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4664220/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4697360|Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4697360|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4697360/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5348466|Egyptian constitutional review committee of 2011]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5348466|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5348466/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56085233|Wikimedians of Tamazight User Group]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56085233|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56085233/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002124|South Valley University Faculty of Nursing]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002124|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002124/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12235996|Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12235996|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12235996/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236153|Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236153|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236153/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137696780|Instituto Cervantes de El Cairo]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137696780|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137696780/missing|📖]] |- | [[House of Knowledge]] | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1590853|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1590853/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2479116|Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2479116|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2479116/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2778411|Egyptian National Library and Archives]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2778411|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2778411/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2945197|Center for Economic, Legal and Social Studies and Documentation]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945197|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945197/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3152206|Dominican Institute for Oriental Studies]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152206|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152206/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4119059|Youm7]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119059|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119059/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65173823|Embassy of Spain, Cairo]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65173823|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65173823/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6751728|Manshiet el Bakry Hospital]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6751728|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6751728/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6840613|Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6840613|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6840613/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q781607|Free Officers Movement]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q781607|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q781607/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002001|Alexandria University High Institute of Public Health]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002001|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002001/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002002|Medical Research Institute Alexandria University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002002|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002002/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002018|Assiut University Faculty of Pharmacy]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002018|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002018/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002019|Assiut University Faculty of Science]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002019|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002019/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002035|Beni Suef University Faculty of Science]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002035|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002035/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002078|Damanhour University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002078|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002078/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1078474|Zagazig University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1078474|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1078474/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111495161|Institut Français d’Egypte à Alexandrie]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q111495161|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q111495161/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113680378|Netherlands-Flemish Institute in Cairo]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q113680378|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q113680378/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12194719|Islamic Legitimate Body of Rights and Reformation]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12194719|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12194719/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12211260|Dār Al-Kitāb Al-Aʿrabī]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12211260|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12211260/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12235956|Faculty of Law, Cairo University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12235956|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12235956/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236021|Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236021|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236021/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236147|Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236147|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236147/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12872867|Averof School of Alexandria]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12872867|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12872867/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q138004310|Enosh Science Center]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q138004310|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q138004310/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q14956362|Salafist Call]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14956362|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14956362/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15118781|Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15118781|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15118781/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19849869|Housing and Building National Research Center]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19849869|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19849869/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20402937|قناة مصر الآن]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20402937|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20402937/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20402974|Mekameleen TV]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20402974|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20402974/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20414787|Supreme Council of Universities]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20414787|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20414787/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22931631|المجمع المصري للثقافة العلمية]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22931631|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22931631/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q286468|Al-Ahram]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q286468|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q286468/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3183238|French University of Egypt]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3183238|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3183238/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3269101|Lycée Français du Caire]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3269101|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3269101/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q33129823|Deutsches Papyruskartell]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q33129823|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q33129823/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3450277|Egyptian Geographic Society]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3450277|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3450277/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4115998|Kafr El-Sheikh University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4115998|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4115998/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4116126|Al Gomhuria]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116126/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4117901|Mehwar TV]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4117901|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4117901/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4119371|ON]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119371|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119371/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4119563|National Bank of Egypt]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119563|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119563/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4206677|Cabinet of Egypt]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4206677|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4206677/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q424967|Al-Ahram Weekly]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q424967|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q424967/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45136373|Egyptian Mathematical Society]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q45136373|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q45136373/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50037512|Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50037512|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50037512/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5212540|Damietta University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5212540|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5212540/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5330286|World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5330286|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5330286/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5348406|Egyptian Feminist Union]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5348406|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5348406/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5428953|Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428953|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428953/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55223320|Faculty of Theology and Dawa, Al-Azhar University Cairo]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55223320|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55223320/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6040160|Institute of Coptic Studies]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6040160|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6040160/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60573530|Egyptian Medical Syndicate]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60573530|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60573530/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65080389|Art et Liberté]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65080389|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65080389/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6875934|Misr International University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6875934|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6875934/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7568730|Qena University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7568730|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7568730/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q99289463|Mansoura University Faculty of Pharmacy]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99289463|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99289463/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 6ak52de7k7qq8u7vceax0e9a1odb89x Oníṣe:GerardM/Ivory Coast universities et al 2 68356 632004 630169 2026-08-19T15:03:44Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632004 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q1008 Scholia for Ivory Coast] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q1008 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Organization ! Number of authors ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q340195|African Development Bank]]'' | 18 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q340195|75]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q340195/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1583390|Félix Houphouët Boigny University]]'' | 7 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1583390|25]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1583390/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17009378|Mande Studies Association]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17009378|21]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17009378/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551369|Université Alassane Ouattara]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551369|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551369/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q913972|Order of Friars Minor]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q913972|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q913972/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q273894|Piarists]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q273894|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q273894/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2867632|Association des écrivains de Côte d'Ivoire]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2867632|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2867632/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2945414|Centre for Research and Action for Peace]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945414|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945414/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16525157|Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16525157|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16525157/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30261695|National Bureau for Technical Studies and Development]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261695|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261695/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3152449|National Institute Polytechnic Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152449|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152449/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q383924|Africa Rice Center]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q383924|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q383924/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q989437|Emmaus]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q989437|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q989437/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} e5u3johzl2pk6sl6cfwhhjtxh1fbod8 Oníṣe:GerardM/Malian universities et al 2 68363 632119 620576 2026-08-19T18:14:00Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632119 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q912 Scholia for Mali] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q912 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Organization ! Number of authors ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q17009378|Mande Studies Association]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17009378|21]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17009378/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q539918|Ash'ari]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q130470358|Institut des sciences humaines]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q130470358|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q130470358/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q134628663|Africa Power Services]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q134628663|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q134628663/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3348506|AFRISTAT]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3348506|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3348506/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551674|Ségou University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551674|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551674/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} bcfc1v6r1tpoubbzms9b15wnmfyhwyw Jẹ̀dí jẹ̀dí 0 68414 632157 528744 2026-08-19T18:59:31Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jẹ̀dí jẹ̀dí''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Ìròbo''', jẹ́ àìsàn tí ní ṣe pẹ̀lú [[sinusoid (blood vessel)|iṣan]] pàá pàá jùlọ iṣan inu [[anal canal| ihò ìdí]].<ref>{{cite book |author = Chen, Herbert |title = Illustrative Handbook of General Surgery |publisher = Springer |location = Berlin |year = 2010 |page = 217 |isbn = 978-1-84882-088-3 }}</ref><ref name=World09>{{cite journal |last1 = Schubert |first1 = MC |last2 = Sridhar |first2 = S |last3 = Schade |first3 = RR |last4 = Wexner |first4 = SD |title = What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders |journal = World J Gastroenterol |volume = 15 |issue = 26 |pages = 3201–09 |date = July 2009 |pmid = 19598294 |pmc = 2710774 |doi = 10.3748/wjg.15.3201 |issn = 1007-9327 }}</ref> ní ibẹ̀rẹ̀, jẹ̀dí ma ń fa kí ènìyàn ó Ma rígbẹ̀ẹ́ yà tàbí kí ó ma [[human feces|yàgbẹ́ gbuuru]] ní kòṣẹ kòṣẹ.<ref name=Beck2011>{{cite book |last1 = Beck |first1 = David E. |title = The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery |date = 2011 |publisher = Springer |location = New York |isbn = 978-1-4419-1581-8 |page = 175 |edition = 2nd |url = https://books.google.ca/books?id=DhQ1A35E8jwC&pg=PA174 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141230143156/https://books.google.ca/books?id=DhQ1A35E8jwC&pg=PA174 |archivedate = 2014-12-30 }}</ref>. Tí àìsàn yí bá ti dàgbà tàbí gbó sí ènìyàn lára ni ó ma ń jẹ́ kí ihò ìdí [swelling (medical)|wú]] tàbí [[inflammation|pọ́n]] bí ẹ̀jẹ̀; tí yóò sì ma ye síta bí ìgbà tí ènìyàn ń ṣègbọ̀sẹ̀. Ipò tí ihò ìdí wà yí ni àwọn onímọ̀ọ̀ ìṣègùn òyìnbó ń pe ní "hemorrhoid", nígbà yí ni àìsàn yí tó di àrùn. Tí Ìròbo bá yọ sínú, eléyí lè má mú ìnira bá aláìsàn náà rárá. Amọ́, ìdí rẹ̀ yóò ma ṣẹ̀jẹ̀ síta nígbà tí ó bá ńnṣe ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀. <ref name=NIH2013>{{cite web |title = Hemorrhoids |url = http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/hemorrhoids/Pages/facts.aspx |website = National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |accessdate = 15 February 2016 |date = November 2013 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160126115453/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/hemorrhoids/Pages/facts.aspx |archivedate = 26 January 2016 }}</ref> Tí Ìròbo bá yọ síta, ó sábà ma ń mú ìnira dáni lọ́pọ́ ìgbà ní ẹnu ihò ìdí, ẹ̀jẹ̀ tí yóò sìma dà jáde níbẹ̀ yóò dúdú níye. == Ohun tí ó ń fàá== Àwọn onímọ̀ kò ì tíì fìdí ohun tí ó ń fa àìsàn jẹ̀dí múlẹ̀ ní pàtó. Àmọ́, ó ṣe é ṣe kí ó jẹ́ pé àwọn ohun tí ó lè ma ṣokùnfà inú gbígbóná tàbí inú rírun ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ohun tí ó ń fa jẹ̀dí.<ref name=PG2016>{{cite journal |last1 = Hollingshead |first1 = JR |last2 = Phillips |first2 = RK |title = Haemorrhoids: modern diagnosis and treatment. |journal = Postgraduate Medical Journal |date = January 2016 |volume = 92 |issue = 1083 |pages = 4–8 |pmid = 26561592 |doi = 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133328 }}</ref> <ref name=NG2011>{{cite journal |last = Rivadeneira |first = DE |author2 = Steele, SR |author3 = Ternent, C |author4 = Chalasani, S |author5 = Buie, WD |author6 = Rafferty, JL |author7 = Standards Practice Task Force of The [[American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons]] |title = Practice parameters for the management of hemorrhoids (revised 2010) |journal = Diseases of the Colon and Rectum |date = September 2011 |volume = 54 |issue = 9 |pages = 1059–64 |pmid = 21825884 |doi = 10.1097/DCR.0b013e318225513d |url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/54a9c3802fbdebcb7dd0d8fa432ba4c6fb4904e3 }}</ref> <ref name=Review09>{{cite journal |last1 = Lorenzo-Rivero |first1 = S |title = Hemorrhoids: diagnosis and current management |url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-surgeon_2009-08_75_8/page/n6 |journal = Am Surg |volume = 75 |issue = 8 |pages = 635–42 |date = August 2009 |pmid = 19725283 }}</ref>.<ref name=Kaidar2007>{{cite journal |last = Kaidar-Person |first = O |author2 = Person, B |author3 = Wexner, SD |title = Hemorrhoidal disease: A comprehensive review |journal = Journal of the American College of Surgeons |date = January 2007 |volume = 204 |issue = 1 |pages = 102–17 |pmid = 17189119 |url = http://www.siumed.edu/surgery/clerkship/colorectal_pdfs/Hemmorhoids_review.pdf |doi = 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.022 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120922155502/http://www.siumed.edu/surgery/clerkship/colorectal_pdfs/Hemmorhoids_review.pdf |archivedate = 2012-09-22 }}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} 3g9gm7qf8gl2b0985p7gnmhajmwuhp1 Fùrọ̀ / Ihò ìdí 0 68442 632125 575963 2026-08-19T18:25:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-semi|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name= Anus | Greek= | Image = Female and male anus.jpg | Caption = The anus of a [[female]] (left, with prominent [[perineal raphe]]) and a [[male]] (right). | Image2= | Width = | Origin = | Insertion = | Blood = | Nerve = | Action = | Antagonist= }} '''Fùrọ̀''' túmọ̀ sí ihò róbótó tí jásínú tí ó wà ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ àpò-àjẹsí ẹranko tàbí tènìyàn, tí ó sì já sóde tí ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún yíya tàbí ṣíṣe igbáọ̀nsẹ̀ àwọn ohun burúkú tí kò wúlò fún ara mọ́ tó wà ní àgbàọ́ ara. <ref name="WebMD 2019">{{cite web | title=The Anus (Human Anatomy): Picture, Definition, Conditions, & More | website=WebMD | date=2019-01-30 | url=https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-anus | access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref> <ref name="ChinEtal1998KingSizeCoprolite">{{cite journal |date=1998-06-18 |title=A king-sized theropod coprolite |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1998-06-18_393_6686/page/680 |journal=Nature |volume=393 |pages=680 |author=Chin, K. |author2=Erickson, G.M. |doi=10.1038/31461 |issue=6686|display-authors=etal}} Summary at {{cite journal |author=Monastersky, R. |title=Getting the scoop from the poop of ''T. rex'' |journal=Science News |volume=153 |issue=25 |date=1998-06-20 |pages=391 |url=http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/6_20_98/fob2.htm |doi=10.2307/4010364 |publisher=Society for Science &#38 |jstor=4010364 |access-date=2020-02-05 |archivedate=2013-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511121022/http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/6_20_98/fob2.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref name="ANSARI.PARSWA 2020">{{cite web | author=ANSARI.PARSWA | title=Overview of the Anus and Rectum - Digestive Disorders | website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version | date=2020-02-04 | url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/overview-of-the-anus-and-rectum | access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} ae2hcg3nkjf06h4bgbzx8kazog89jl7 Ikọ́ 0 68534 632185 529477 2026-08-19T19:57:18Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikọ́''' jẹ́ ọ̀nà gbígbé atẹ́gùn jáde pẹ̀lú agbára láti ọ̀nà ọ̀fun kí a lè fọ ọ̀nà ọ̀fun náà mọ́ kúrò lọ́wọ́ ìdọ̀tí tí ó sá pamọ́ síbẹ̀. Ikọ́ wíwú lè jẹ́ lẹ́ẹ̀kan tàbí léra-léra tí yóò sì mú [[kẹ̀lẹ̀bẹ̀]] dání.<ref name="Lancet-causes">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chung KF, Pavord ID |title=Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-19-25-2008_371_9621/page/1364 |journal=Lancet |volume=371 |issue=9621 |pages=1364–74 |date=April 2008 |pmid=18424325 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4 }}</ref> Wíwúkọ́ léra-léra lè túmọ̀ sí wípé àìsàn tàbí àrùn kan wà ní àgọ́ ara nítorí wípé púpọ̀ lára àwọn àrùn àgọ́ ara ni a lè tàn kálẹ̀ tàbí pin fún ẹlòmíràn ==Ṣíṣe ìtọ́jú ikọ́== Ṣíṣe ìtọ́jú ikọ́ nííṣe pẹ̀lú wíwádí ohun tí ó fa ikọ́ fúnra rẹ̀, bí a bá ti mọ̀ọ́n, ìtọ́jú rẹ̀ yóò yá kánkán.<ref name="pmid18424326">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pavord ID, Chung KF |title=Management of chronic cough |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-19-25-2008_371_9621/page/1375 |journal=Lancet |volume=371 |issue=9621 |pages=1375–84 |date=April 2008 |pmid=18424326 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60596-6 }}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìlera]] gb3uusm25yzcitq8klwgobk3bned3jj Ẹranko elégungun 0 68763 632162 534944 2026-08-19T19:08:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | name = Ẹranko elégungun<br>Vertebrate | fossil_range = <br/>[[Cambrian]]&ndash;[[Holocene|Present]],<ref name = "Shu et al. 1999"/> {{fossil range|520|0|ref=<ref name="Peterson2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Peterson | first1 = Kevin J. | last2 = Cotton | first2 = James A. | last3 = Gehling | first3 = James G. | last4 = Pisani | first4 = Davide | date = 27 April 2008 | title = The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence between the genetic and the geological fossil records | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 363 | issue = 1496 | pages = 1435–1443 | doi = 10.1098/rstb.2007.2233 | pmid=18192191 | pmc=2614224 }}</ref>}} | image = Vertebrata 002.png | image_caption = Example of vertebrates: a [[Siberian tiger]] ([[Tetrapoda]]), an [[Australian Lungfish]] ([[Osteichthyes]]), a [[Tiger shark]] ([[Chondrichthyes]]) and a [[European river lamprey|River lamprey]] ([[Agnatha]]). | taxon = Vertebrata | authority = [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|J-B. Lamarck]], 1801<ref name="Nielsen2012">{{cite journal | author=Nielsen, C. | date=July 2012 | title=The authorship of higher chordate taxa | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=41 | issue=4 | pages=435–436 | doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Simplified grouping (see text) | subdivision = *[[Fish]]es ([[Cladistics|cladistically]] including the [[Tetrapod]]s) | synonyms = Ossea <small>Batsch, 1788</small><ref name="Nielsen2012" /> }} '''Ẹranko elégungun''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɜːr|t|ə|ˌ|b|r|ə|t|s}} ni ó kó gbogbo ẹ̀yà [[ẹranko]] tí wọ́n jẹ́ lára ẹbí (subphylum) '''''ẹranko elégungun''''' ma ń sábà ní {{IPAc-en|-|ə}} [[chordates]] ([[vertebral column|egungun ẹ̀yìn]]). Ẹranko elégungun ni wọ́n jẹ́ púpọ̀ níní ẹbí [[phylum]][[Chordata]], tí wọ́n tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lé láàdọ́rin àti ọgórùn ún ó dín méje (69,963) níye ẹ̀yà tí a gbọ́ nípa wọn.<ref>{{cite web |title=Table 1a: Number of species evaluated in relation to the overall number of described species, and numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/summary-statistics |publisher=IUCN Red List |date=18 July 2019}}</ref> Lála àwọn àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ẹranko elégungun ni: * [[Agnatha|ẹja aláìnírùngbọ̀n]] * Ní abẹ́ ẹ̀yà [[Gnathostomata|ẹranko elégungun onírùngbọ̀]], ni a ti lè rí àwọn ẹranko bíi [[Chondrichthyes|ẹjà cartilaginous]] ([[ẹja ṣáàkì]], [[Batoidea|rays]], àti ratfish) * Ní abẹ́ ẹ̀yà ẹranko elégungun [[tetrapods]],ni a ti lè rí [[amphibian]]s, [[afàyàfà]], [[ẹyẹ]] àti àwọn [[ẹranko afọ́mọlọ́mú]] gbogbo. * [[Osteichthyes|ẹja eléegun púpọ̀]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ota|first=Kinya G.|last2=Fujimoto|first2=Satoko|last3=Oisi|first3=Yasuhiro|last4=Kuratani|first4=Shigeru|date=2017-01-25|title=Identification of vertebra-like elements and their possible differentiation from sclerotomes in the hagfish|journal=Nature Communications|volume=2|pages=373|doi=10.1038/ncomms1355|issn=2041-1723|pmc=3157150|pmid=21712821|bibcode=2011NatCo...2E.373O}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|last=Nicholls|first=H.|title=Mouth to Mouth|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2009-09-10_461_7261/page/164|date=10 September 2009|journal=Nature|volume=461|issue=7261|pages=164–166|doi=10.1038/461164a|pmid=19741680}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́ka sí== {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹranko|Eranko]] a1xvqbzwz8l6qz6mqfzjqu4hji6bxb5 Arrow of God 0 68865 632166 575667 2026-08-19T19:25:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Arrow of God | title_orig = | translator = | image = | caption = | author = [[Chinua Achebe]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan]] | language = Gẹ̀ẹ́sì | series = | genre = | publisher = [[Heinemann (book publisher)|Heinemann]]<br>[[London]] | release_date = 1964 | media_type = Print (hardback) | pages = 287 pp | isbn = | preceded_by = ''[[No Longer at Ease]]'' | followed_by = ''[[A Man of the People]]'' }} Ìwé eré onítàn '''''Arrow of God''''' {{cite book |last=Arrow of God |first= |author-link=<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica 1998">{{cite web | title=Chinua Achebe - Biography, Books, & Facts | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=1998-07-20 | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chinua-Achebe | access-date=2023-06-03}}</ref> |date= |title=Arrow of God |url= |location= |publisher=Heinemann |page= |isbn=1101666382, 9781101666388}}, ni wọ́n gbé jáde tí ọdún 1964, ni ó jẹ́ ìwé àpilẹ̀kọ ti gbajú-gbsjà ònkọ̀wé [[Chinua Achebe]]. Ìwé yí àti ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' pẹ̀lú ''[[No Longer at Ease]]'', ni wọ́n sọ wípé wọ́n jẹ́ iwé eré oníṣe onítàn tí ìlapa-èrò wọn dọ́gba jùlọ, tí ẹ̀kọ́,ibùdó ìtàn, àti olú-kókó ọ̀rọ̀ inú wọn náà sì fara jọra, tí àwọn [[Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì|Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]] ń pè ní''Trilogy''. Ìwé yí dá lórí olú ẹ̀dá ìtàn tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ "Ezeulu", tí ó jẹ́ bàbá Aláwo fún abúlé àwọn [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|Ìgbò]] tí ó pọ̀ ní àsìkò ìmúnisìn àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ó kojú ìtẹ̀mẹ́rẹ̀ àwọn amúnisìn àti àwọn olùpologo [[ẹ̀sìn Kírísítì]] ní àsìkò ọdún 1920. <ref name=Time>{{Cite news | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837568,00.html?iid=chix-sphere | title = Arrow of God by Chinua Achebe | work = [[Time Magazine]] | date = November 10, 1967 | accessdate = 2007-09-19 | archivedate = 2012-10-20 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121020132753/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837568,00.html?iid=chix-sphere | deadurl = yes }}</ref> Wọ́n gbé ìwé náà jáde látàrí ipa ribi ribi tí ilé iṣ ìtẹ̀wé [[Heinemann African Writers Series]] kó kí ó lè ṣeéṣe. Orúkọ tí wọ́n pe ìwé yí ''Arrow of God'' ni wọ́n fàyọ láti inú [[òwe]] àwọn ẹ̀yà ìgbò tí ó túmọ̀ sí 'iṣẹ́ olúwa àwá márídìí'. <ref>{{Cite journal | journal = Africa | date = September 22, 2001 | title = 'The Arrow of God': pentecostalism, inequality, and the supernatural in South-Eastern Nigeria. | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_africa-uk_2001_71_4/page/587 | author = Smith, Daniel Jordan | volume = 71 | issue = 4 | issn = 0001-9720 | pages = 587 | doi = 10.2307/1161581 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | jstor = 1161581}}</ref> Ìwé eré onítàn elére oníṣe ''Arrow of God'' gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ ìdálọ́lá ti [[Jock Campbell, Baron Campbell of Eskan|Jock Campbell]] àti [[New Statesman]] alákọ̀ọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ fún ìkọ̀wé ilẹ̀ [[Adúláwọ̀]]<ref>Ezenwa-Ohaeto ''Chinua Achebe: A Biography'' __:James Currey Ltd {{ISBN|0-85255-545-8}} page 105</ref> ==Ìtàn inú ìwé náà léréfèé== Ìwé ereé onítàn eléré oníṣe yí ni wọ́n ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀ nínú àwọn abúlé àwọn ẹ̀yà Ìgbò tí ó jẹ́ ìkan lára ìletò àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì amínisìn ní àsìkò ọdún 1920s. Ezeulu jẹ́ baba abọrẹ̀ [[òrìṣà]] ''Ulu'' tí ó kalẹ̀ sí [[abúlé]] ''Alusi'', tí oríṣi ìlú tí àpapọ̀ orúkọ wọn ń jẹ́ Umuaro ń sìn. Ìjà kan bẹ́ sílẹ̀ láàrin ìlú Umuaro àti Okperi tí ó jẹ́ ìlú kan nítòsí Umuaro, ìjà yí wá sópin nígbà tí ọ̀gbẹ́ni T.K Winterbottom tí ó jẹ́ aṣojú àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì amúnisìn bá wọn dá si. ==Àwọn Ìtọ́ka sí== {{Reflist}} cc5mnrc3sb7ymolzgxyualbicucfso3 Omijé 0 69029 632158 594701 2026-08-19T19:00:19Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omijé''' jẹ́ omí kan tó mọ́ kangá tó.ma ń sun jáde láti inú ibùsun kan tó wà nínú ihò [[ojú]].A lè ṣalábàápàdé omi yí ní ara gbogbo ẹranko afọ́nọlọ́nú tókù yàtọ̀ [[ewúrẹ́]] àti [[ehoro]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tear|title=Definition of TEAR|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=2019-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://animals.mom.me/animals-tear-ducts-9716.html|title=Animals With No Tear Ducts|website=animals.mom.me|access-date=2019-08-04|archive-date=2019-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804092121/https://animals.mom.me/animals-tear-ducts-9716.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Kókó iṣẹ́ omijé== #Fífọ ìdọ̀tí inú ojú, #Ó ń jẹ́ kí ojú ó lè yí kiri pẹ̀lú ìrọ̀rùn, #Ó sì ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ọmọ ogun ara ó jí pépé si. #Ó ma ń jáde látàrí ìmòsí-lára tàbí bí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bá ṣe ṣẹ̀ dí ara. Yálà ní ìlànà ìdùnú ni tàbí ìbànújẹ́. <ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley.com">{{cite journal|last1=Farandos|first1=NM|last2=Yetisen|first2=AK|last3=Monteiro|first3=MJ|last4=Lowe|first4=CR|last5=Yun|first5=SH|date=2014|title=Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics|journal=Advanced Healthcare Materials|volume=4|issue=6|pages=792–810|doi=10.1002/adhm.201400504|pmid=25400274}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/why-do-we-cry-the-science-of-tears-9741287.html|title=Why do we cry? The scientific reasons behind sobbing|date=2014-09-18|website=The Independent|access-date=2019-08-04}}</ref> Ọmọnìyàn nìkan ni ó ma ń fi ìmọ̀sí-lára rẹ̀ hàn pẹ́lú sísun omijé lójú nígbà ayọ tàbí ìbànújẹ́. Omijé tún jẹ́ àmì kan pàtàkì láàrin àwọn ọmọ ènìyàn, pàá pàá jùlọ [[ẹkún sísun]]. <ref name=":2" /> Sísun ẹkún nígbà tí inú ènìyàn bá bàjé jẹ́ ọ̀nà láti sún àwọn [[homonu]] ìdààmú tí ó ti rọ́jọ sí ara jáde pẹ̀lú ẹkún.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/all-about-emotional-tears|title=All About Emotional Tears|date=2017-02-28|website=American Academy of Ophthalmology|access-date=2019-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Frey|first=W. H.|last2=DeSota-Johnson|first2=D.|last3=Hoffman|first3=C.|last4=McCall|first4=J. T.|date=October 1981|title=Effect of stimulus on the chemical composition of human tears|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-ophthalmology_1981-10_92_4/page/559|journal=American Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=92|issue=4|pages=559–567|doi=10.1016/0002-9394(81)90651-6|issn=0002-9394|pmid=7294117}}</ref> [[File:Tear system.svg|250px|thumb|Anatomy of lachrymation, showing {{ubl |a) Lacrimal gland |b) Superior lacrimal punctum |c) Superior lacrimal canal |d) Lacrimal sac |e) Inferior lacrimal punctum |f) Inferior lacrimal canal |g) Nasolacrimal canal }}]] ==Àwọn Ìtọ́ka sí== {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:omi ara]] 7k0nvj6ii94ak4xk2z8hq9grk3bsi70 Bennet Omalu 0 69053 632110 572663 2026-08-19T18:04:43Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Bennet Omalu | honorific_suffix = | image = Dr. Omalu Speaks at Wounded Warrior Battalion (1) (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Omalu in 2016 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|9|30}}<ref name="BENNETOMALUFOUNDATIONBIO"/> | birth_place = [[Enugwu Ukwu]], Anambra State, Nigeria | nationality = Nigeria<br> United States | other_names = | alma_mater = [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] <small>([[MBBS]], 1990)</small><br>[[University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health]]<br><small>(MPH, Epidemiology, 2004)</small><br>[[Carnegie Mellon University]]<br><small>(MBA, 2008)</small> | occupation = Medical doctor, forensic pathologist, professor, medical examiner | years_active = | known_for = Research into [[chronic traumatic encephalopathy]] in American football players<ref name="WSJ_2015_Omalu"/> | notable_works = ''Truth Doesn't Have a Side: My Alarming Discovery About the Danger of Contact Sports'' | spouse = Prema Mutiso | children = 2 | website = {{URL|https://www.bennetomalu.com}} }}'''Bennet Ifeakandu Omalu''' (ọjọ́ìbí September 30, 1968<ref name="BENNETOMALUFOUNDATIONBIO">[http://bennetomalufoundation.org/about-bennet-omalu/ "About Bennet Omalu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106055837/http://bennetomalufoundation.org/about-bennet-omalu/ |date=2019-01-06 }}, Bennet Omalu Foundation website.</ref>) ni [[oníṣègùn]], [[forensic pathologist|onímọ̀ ìwadí àìsàn ikú-aláìsí]], àti [[neuropathologist|onímọ̀ àìsàn iṣan-ìkanra]] [[Nigerian Americans|ọmọ Nàìjíríà Amẹ́ríkà]] tó kọ́kọ́ já ọgbọ́n àti ẹni tó kọ́kọ́ kọ ìwé ìwádìí lórí [[chronic traumatic encephalopathy|àìsàn inú-opọlọ ìforígbá léraléra]] (CTE) ní àrin àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[American football|Amẹ́ríkàn futúbọ̀lù]] nígbà tó ún siṣẹ́ ní Ilé-iṣẹ́ Iwádìí Ikú-aláìsí fún ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny County]] ní [[Pittsburgh]].<ref name="WSJ_2015_Omalu">{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-doctor-the-nfl-tried-to-silence-1448399061?mod=e2tw | title=The Doctor the NFL Tried to Silence | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=24 November 2015 | accessdate=25 November 2015 | last=Laskas|first= Jeanne Marie| authorlink= Jeanne Marie Laskas | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151125020721/http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-doctor-the-nfl-tried-to-silence-1448399061 | archivedate =25 November 2015| url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Dr. Omalu Speaks at Wounded Warrior Battalion (1) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Omalu níbi tí ó ti ń sọ̀rọ̀ ní ''wounded warrior batallion'']] Lẹ́yìn náà ó ṣiṣẹ́ bíi oníwadìí àgbà [[medical examiner|àìsàn ikú-aláìsí]] fún ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ [[San Joaquin County, California]], ó sì tún jẹ́ ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ní [[University of California, Davis]], ẹ̀ka-ẹ̀kọ́ áìsàn ikú-aláìsí àti ògùn iṣẹ́ yàrá-ìdánwò.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Who Inspired Will Smith Film Speaks At UC Davis Commencement|url=https://patch.com/california/davis/dr-who-inspired-will-smith-film-speaks-uc-davis-commencement|publisher=[[Patch Media]]|accessdate=5 November 2019}}</ref> == Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ayé == Wọ́n bí Omalu ní ìlú Nnokwa, ní ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ [[Idemili South]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra]] ní [[Nàìjíríà]] ní ọjọ́ 30 Oṣù Kẹsan ọdún 1968,<ref ? name="BENNETOMALUFOUNDATIONBIO"/> ìkẹfà nínú àwọn ọmọ méje. Wọ́n bíi nígbà [[Nigerian Civil War|Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà]], èyí jẹ́ kí àwọn ẹbí rẹ̀ ó sá kúrò ní ilé wọn ní abà [[Enugwu Ukwu|Enugu-Ukwu]]. Wọ́n padà sí ilé wọn ní ọdún kejì lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí wọ́n bí Omalu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Concussion|publisher = Random House Trade Paperbacks|date = 2015-11-24|isbn = 9780812987577|first = Jeanne Marie|last = Laskas}}</ref> [[seamstress|Aránsọ]] ni ìyá rẹ̀, bẹ́ ẹ̀ sì ni bábá rẹ̀ siṣẹ́ iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ìwá àlùmọ́nì, ó sì tún jẹ́ olórí àwùjọ ní Enugu-Ukwu. Orúkọ ìdílè wọn, Omalu, ni orúkọ sókí fún ''Onyemalukwube'', tó túmọ̀ sí "ẹni tó mọ̀ ló ún sọ̀rọ̀."<ref name=":0" /> ==Ẹ̀kọ́ àti iṣẹ́== Omalu bẹ̀rẹ̀ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ nígbà tó di ọmọ ọdún mẹ́ta, ó sì wọlé ìdánwò sí [[Federal Government College Enugu]] fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àgbà rẹ̀. Ó bọ́ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìwòsàn nígbà tó dí ọmọ ọdún 16 ní [[Yunifásítì ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]], [[Nsukka]]. Nígbà tó parí níbẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìwé-ẹ̀rì ìwòsàn àti ìwé-ẹ̀rí iṣẹ́-abẹ (MBBS) ní June ọdún 1990, ó ṣe ìparí akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé-ìwòsàn, àti ìṣẹ́ ìránwọ́ bíi dókítà fún ọdún mẹ́ta ní ìlú [[Jos]]. Nítorí rògbòdìyàn tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn tí ìjọba ológun [[Ibrahim Babangida]] fagilé [[Nigerian presidential election, 1993|ìdìbòyan ààrẹ]] tí [[Moshood Abiola]] wọlé ní 1993,<ref name=":0" /> Omalu bẹ̀rẹ̀ síní wá ànfàní fún iṣẹ́ ọmọwé ní Amẹ́ríkà. Omalu kó lọ sí ilú [[Seattle]], ní [[Ipinle Washington]] ní 1994 láti ẹ̀kọ́ lórí [[epidemiology|ìmọ̀ àjákálẹ̀-àrùn]] ní [[University of Washington]]. Ní ọdún 1995, ó kúrò ní Seattle, ó sì kó lọ sí [[Ìlú New York]], ibẹ̀ ló ti dara mọ́ [[Harlem Hospital Center]] ti [[Columbia University]] fún ètò ẹ̀kọ́ ìṣiṣẹ́ ìwòsàn lórí [[anatomic pathology|ìmọ̀ àìsàn inú-ara]] àti [[clinical pathology|àìsàn ilé-ìwòsàn]]. Kó tó ṣe ẹ̀kọ́ ìṣíṣẹ́ ìwòsàn, ó gba ẹ̀kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bíi onímọ́ ìwádìí àìsàn ikú-aláìsí lábẹ́ [[Cyril Wecht]] tó jẹ́ alámọ̀ràn ìwádìí ikú-aláìsí pàtàkì ní [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny County]] ní Pittsburgh. Ní bẹ̀ ni Omalu tí bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fẹ́ràn [[neuropathology|ìmọ̀ àìsàn isàn-ìkanra]]. Omalu gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga àti ìwé-ẹ̀rí àṣẹ méje <ref> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKvhcBelwQ] </ref>, ó tún gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí ìkẹ́gbẹ́ nínú ìmọ̀ àìsàn àti ìmọ̀ àìsàn isan-ìkanra pẹ̀lú [[University of Pittsburgh]] ní ọdún 2000 àti 2002, ìwé-ẹ̀rí gíga nínú ìlera árá ìgboro (master of public health, MPH) nínú ìmọ̀ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn ní ọdún 2004 láti [[University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health]], àti [[master of business administration]] (MBA) láti [[Tepper School of Business]] ní [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ní ọdún 2008.<ref name="BENNETOMALUCVUCDAVIS">[https://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/pathology/our_team/faculty/OmaluB/BennetIOmaluMD,MBA,MPH,CPE,CurriculumVitaeAndTestimonies,August2015.pdf "CV: Bennet Omalu"], UC Davis Medical Center</ref><ref name=":2" /> Omalu di ọ̀gá [[medical examiner|olùgbèyẹ́wò òkú]] fún [[San Joaquin County, California]] láti ọdún 2007 títí di ìgbà tó jọ̀wọ́iṣẹ́ ní ọdún 2017 lẹ́yìn ìgbà tó fẹ̀sùn kan ṣẹ̀rífì agbègbè náà, tó tún jẹ́ olùgbèyẹ́wò òkú ibẹ̀, pé oún kọ wọ́ bọ ìwádìí àwọn ikú tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láti ba à dá àbò bo àwọn ọlọ́pàá tí wọ́n pa àwọn ènìyàn.<ref>{{cite news |last = Small |first = Julie |title = Autopsy Doctor Resigns, Says Sheriff Overrode Death Findings to Protect Officers |newspaper = KQED |date = December 4, 2017 |url = https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/04/autopsy-doctors-sheriff-overrode-death-findings-to-protect-law-enforcement/ |access-date = 2017-12-11 }}</ref> Omalu ni ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ní Ẹ̀ka-ẹ̀kọ́ Ìmọ̀ Àìsàn àti Ìwòsàn Ilé-àdánwò ní [[University of California, Davis]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Bennet Omalu, M.D., M.B.A., MPH, CPE, DABP-AP, CP, FP, NP|url=http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/pathology/our_team/faculty/OmaluB.html|publisher=University of California, Davis Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine|accessdate=1 September 2015}}</ref> ==Ìwadìí== === CTE === Ìyẹ̀wò òkú [[Mike Webster]], tó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Amẹ́ríkan Fuútbọ̀l tẹ́lẹ̀, tí Omalu ṣe ní ọdún 2002 ló fa ìtún gbéjáde àkíyèsí ìṣòro isan-ìkanra tó wá pẹ̀lú ìpalára orí léraléra tí wọ́n ún pè ní [[chronic traumatic encephalopathy|àìsàn inú-opọlọ ìforígbá léraléra]], tàbí CTE, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìjúwe rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ láàrin àwọn ajẹ̀ṣẹ́<ref>Sabharwal RK, Sanchetee PC, Sethi PK, Dhamija RM. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in boxers. J Assoc Physicians India. 1987 Aug;35(8):571-3.</ref> àti àwọn oníṣẹ́ eré-ìdárayá míràn. Webster ti ṣe aláìsí lójijì lẹ́yìn iye ọdún tó ti ìyà ti jẹ́ nítorí ìfàsẹ́yìn òye àti làákàyè, ìbòsí, ìdàrú ìwàinú, ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sí ọkàn, ìlòkulò ògùn olóró, àti ìgbìyànjú láti pa ara ẹni. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé ọpọlọ Webster dà bíi pé kò ní ìsòro nígbà tí wọ́n yẹ òkú rẹ̀ wò, Omalu pinu láti fi owó ara rẹ̀ dá ṣe ìgbéyẹ̀wò ìsàn-ẹran ọpọlọ Webster.<ref name=":3" /> Ó fura pé àisàn ọpọlọ bá Webster jà, nítorípé ó fi agbárí gbá léraléra, bí ó ti ún ṣẹlẹ̀ sí àwọn ajẹ̀sẹ́. Nípa lílo aró àkànṣe, Omalu rí [[tau protein|protéìnì tau]] gbàngbà tó dì jọ nínú ọpọlọ Webster, tó ún kópa lórí ìwàinú, ìtara, àti [[executive functions|àkóso làákàyè]] lọ́nà kannáà tí ìdìpọ̀ [[Amyloid beta|protéìnì beta-amyloid]] ṣe ún fa [[Alzheimer's disease|àrùn Alzheimer]].<ref name=":3" /> Pẹ̀lú àwọn alábàásiṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní ẹ̀ka-ẹ̀kọ́ ìmọ̀ áisàn ní [[University of Pittsburgh]], Omalu kọ ìwé ìwadìí rẹ̀ jáde nínú ìwe ìwadìí sáyẹ́nsì ''Neurosurgery'' ní ọdún 2005 nínú áyọkà tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́, "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player". Nínú àyọkà yìí, Omalu tọrọ fún ìgbékà pí pọ̀ si lórí àrún náà: "A ṣe ẹ̀sùn àkọ́kọ́ tí à mọ̀ ṣí nú ìwé yìí nípa àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìbàjẹ́ isan-ìkanra ìgbà pípẹ́ nínú agbábọ́ọ̀lù NFL tó ti fẹ̀yìntì, tó ní ìbámu mọ́ àìsàn inú-agbárí ìfarapa léraléra (CTE). Ẹ̀sùn yìí pe àkíyèsí sí àìsàn yìí tí kò tíì jẹ́ gbígbé kà dáadáa láàrin àwọn oníṣẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù, tí a kò sì mọ́ iye méèló nínú wọn ni ó ni." (''We herein report the first documented case of long-term neurodegenerative changes in a retired professional NFL player consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). This case draws attention to a disease that remains inadequately studied in the cohort of professional football players, with unknown true prevalence rates.''"<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a National Football League player|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_neurosurgery_2005-07_57_1/page/128|journal = Neurosurgery|date = 2005-07-01|issn = 1524-4040|pmid = 15987548|pages = 128–134; discussion 128–134|volume = 57|issue = 1|first = Bennet I.|last = Omalu|first2 = Steven T.|last2 = DeKosky|first3 = Ryan L.|last3 = Minster|first4 = M. Ilyas|last4 = Kamboh|first5 = Ronald L.|last5 = Hamilton|first6 = Cyril H.|last6 = Wecht|doi=10.1227/01.neu.0000163407.92769.ed}}</ref> Omalu gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn dókítà [[National Football League]] (NFL) yíò "dunnú" láti káá, à ti pé ìwádìí rẹ̀ yíò jẹ́ kí wọn ó wá "ojúùtú sí ìsòro náà."<ref name=":3" /> ==Ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist|30em}} {{igbesiaye|1968||Omalu Bennet}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà Amẹ́ríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn onímọ̀ àìsàn ará Nàìjíríà]] 5tm2m31rq2zettxzma3a6qqugi8qwit SARS-CoV-2 0 69162 632190 619316 2026-08-19T20:06:06Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Virusbox | image = File:Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.jpg | image_alt = Electron micrograph of SARS-CoV-2 virions with visible coronae | image_caption = [[Transmission electron micrograph]] of SARS-CoV-2 [[virion]]s with visible [[coronavirus#Etymology|coronae]] | image2 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png | image2_alt = Illustration of a SARS-CoV-2 virion | image2_caption = Illustration of a SARS-CoV-2 virion<ref name="NYT-SpikyBlob" /> | parent = Sarbecovirus<!--Incertae sedis/Betacoronavirus--> | species = Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | strain = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | synonyms = * 2019-nCoV<!--Please see [[Synonym (taxonomy)]] before adding unofficial names here.--> }} {{Nípa|kòkòrò èràn náà|ìjálẹ̀ àrùn 2019-2020|Àjákálẹ̀ àrùn káàkiriayé èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020|àrùn tó ún fà|COVID-19}} Kòkòrò èràn '''àrọ́lù àìsàn ìmín olóró gbígboró, èrànkòrónà irú 2''' tó gbajúmọ̀ pẹ̀lú orúkọ sáyẹ́nsì rẹ̀ SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|title=Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it|website=who.int|accessdate=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> tàbí tẹ́lẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ bíi '''èrànkòrónà Wuhan'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/|title=COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK|website=worldometers.info|accessdate=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> tàbí '''èrànkòrónà tuntun 2019''' (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail/surveillance-case-definitions-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)|title=Surveillance case definitions for human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV)|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/novel-coronavirus-2019.html|title=Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan, China|last=|first=|date=10 January 2020|website=|publisher=cdc.gov|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=16 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> jẹ́ [[èrànkòrónà]] kan pẹ̀lú [[genome|èròjà àbímọ́]] [[Baltimore classification|RNA adáraṣe pẹ̀lú ẹnu-igun apọ̀si]] Kòkòrò èràn yìí ni ó fa àrùn [[COVID-19]], tó jẹ̀ [[àrùn alákòóràn]] láàrin àwọn ènìyàn. Kò sí ògùn ìbupánaunba fún kòkòrò èràn yìí. Nítoríẹ̀ [[WHO|Àjọ Ilèra Àgbáyé]] ti pe [[Àjákálẹ̀ àrùn káàkiriayé èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020|àjákálẹ̀ àrùn COVID-19]] tó ún lọ lọ́wọ́ ní [[Public Health Emergency of International Concern|Pàjáwìrì Ilera Ìgboro tó kan gbogbo Ayé]]<ref name="WHOPandemic" /><ref name="NYT 20200130" /><ref name="Chan24Jan2020" />. Ìtò sí àyè rẹ̀ fi hàn pè, SARS-CoV-2 jẹ́ irú kòkòrò [[SARSr-CoV|àrọ́lù àìsàn ìmín olóró gbígboró tó jẹ mọ́ erànkòrónà]] (SARSr-CoV). Ìgbágbọ́ ni pé ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ẹranko ló ti wá nítorí pé ó ní ìjọra mọ́ àwọn kòkòrò èrànkòrónà [[àdán]]<ref name="NatureZhou" /><ref name="LancetNowcasting" /><ref name="MedVirEvolution" /><ref name="Proximal" />. Àwọn ìwádìí ẹ̀kọ́ [[ìmọ̀ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn]] díye pé ẹni tó bá ní kòkòrò èràn yìí le kóoran àwọn elòmíràn tuntun tótó 1.4 sí 3.9 tí ẹnìkankan láwùjọ kó bá ní [[Immunity (medical)|àjẹsára]] àti tí kó sì sí [[Infection control|ètò ìjánu]] àrùn kankan. Kòkòrò èràn yìí ún ràn ká nípa fífara kan ara àti nípa wíwúkọ́ tàbí sísín.<ref name="WHO2020QA" /><ref name="CDCTrans" /> Ó ún wọ nú ìhámọ́ ara ènìyàn nípa síso mọ́ [[angiotensin converting enzyme 2]] (ACE2).<ref name="NatureZhou" /><ref name="NatMicLetko" /><ref name="HoffmanCell" /> ==Ọrúkọ== [[File:NOVO-NEW-新.2019-nCoV.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The name "'''2019-nCoV'''" in use in a trilingual sign at a [[Lisbon]] health facility in February 2020.]] Nígbàtí ìjálẹ̀ àrùn náà kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ilú [[Wuhan]] ní [[Ṣáínà]], orúkọ tí wọ́n sábà pe kòkòrò èràn náà nígbà náà ni "èrànkòrònà (coronavirus)", "èrànkòrònà Wuhan (Wuhan coronavirus)",<ref name="HuangNPR" /><ref name="Fox2020" /><ref name="NBC-GOP" /> tàbí "èràn Wuhan (Wuhan virus)".<ref name="CNNWuhanV" /><ref name="XinhuaJanuary" /> Ní January ọdún 2020, [[Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé]] dáàbá orúkọ "èrànkòrónà tuntun ọdún 2019 (2019 novel coronavirus)" (2019-nCov)<ref name="WHO-SR10" /><ref name="CDC-nCoV" /> fún kòkòrò èràn náà. Èyí ní ìbámu mọ́ ìlànà AIA (WHO) ọdún 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/163636/WHO_HSE_FOS_15.1_eng.pdf|title=World Health Organization Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases|last=|first=|date=May 2015|website=WHO|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> tó lòdì sí lílo orúkọ ibùgbé (f.a. Wuhan), orúkọ irú ẹranko, tàbí orúkọ ẹ̀yà ènìyàn fún orúkọ àrùn tàbí kòkòrò èràn.<ref>{{cite news |title=Novel coronavirus named 'Covid-19': WHO |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who |access-date=11 February 2020 |publisher=TODAYonline |name-list-format=vanc |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200321085608/https://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live |archivedate=21 March 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200321085608/https://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author= |title= The coronavirus spreads racism against—and among—ethnic Chinese|url= https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese|work= [[The Economist]]|date= 17 February 2020|access-date= 17 February 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200217223902/https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese|archive-date= 17 February 2020|url-status= live| name-list-format = vanc}}</ref> Ní 11 February 2020, ìgbìmọ̀ ''International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses'' (Ìgbìmọ̀ Àgbáyé lórí Ìpínsíàyè àwọn Kòkòrò Èràn) gba orúkọ yìí "àrọ́lù àìsàn ìmín olóró gbígboró, èrànkòrónà irú 2" (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) gẹ́gẹ́ bíi orúkọ àlòsiṣẹ́.<ref name="WHO-SR22" /> Láti mọ́ baà ṣe àsìṣe rẹ̀ m àrùn [[SARS]], Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé nígbà míràn le pe SARS-CoV-2 bi "the COVID-19 virus" (èràn COVID-19) nínú àwọn ìkéde wọn.<ref name="QZ-Why" /><ref name="COVIDname" /> Àwọn míràn tún pe SARS-CoV-2 àti àrùn rẹ̀ bíi "àrùn kòrónà" tàbí "kòkòrò kòrónà". <gallery> File:COVID-19 vaccination Seychelles.jpg File:Covid-19 vaccination Seychelles.jpg File:COVID Vaccine (50745583447).jpg File:Victoria_mask_dummies_jeh.jpg File:2020-06-27-Deep-East-Oakland-BLM-Rally1,123_(50052378806).jpg File:DSC 0958 (50284109072).jpg File:Eugene Goodman 1 cropped.jpg File:Fphar-11-00937-g001.jpg File:Infektionsschutzzentrum im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Köln-6313 (cropped).jpg File:MTA Deploys ‘Temperature Brigade,' Testing Heroic Frontline Employees (49754126983).jpg </gallery> ==Ìmọ̀ kòkòrò èràn== ==Ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="AntiviralCleavage">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Coutard B, Valle C, de Lamballerie X, Canard B, Seidah NG, Decroly E |date=February 2020 |title=The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade |journal=[[Antiviral Research]] |volume=176 |page=104742 |doi=10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104742 |pmc=7114094 |pmid=32057769 |name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> <ref name="AtlanticSuccess">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/03/biography-new-coronavirus/608338/ |title=Why the Coronavirus Has Been So 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For that reason and others, WHO has begun referring to the virus as "the virus responsible for COVID-19" or "the COVID-19 virus" when communicating with the public. 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genomic data |url=http://www.chinaxiv.org/abs/202002.00033 |url-status=live |doi=10.12074/202002.00033 |doi-broken-date=2020-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223200715/http://www.chinaxiv.org/abs/202002.00033 |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=ChinaXiv |name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> }} [[Ẹ̀ka:COVID-19]] 1gwxzz8nt2no3gei4mjmkyx31ammpgd Busta Rhymes 0 69252 632042 569369 2026-08-19T16:14:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Busta Rhymes | image = Out4Fame-Festival 2015 - Busta Rhymes - 2 (cropped).JPG | caption = Busta performing in 2015 | birth_name = Trevor George Smith Jr. | alias = Trevor Taheim Smith | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|5|20}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Monitor|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_entertainment-weekly_2013-05-24_1260/page/n35|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=May 24, 2013|issue=1260|page=34}}</ref> | birth_place = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * singer * songwriter * record producer * record executive * actor }} | years_active = 1990–present<ref>{{cite web|author=John Bush|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/busta-rhymes-mn0000537548/biography|title=Busta Rhymes|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=November 23, 2019}}</ref> | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Busta Rhymes|List of awards and nominations]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes |background = solo_singer |genre = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] |label = {{flatlist| * [[Conglomerate (record label)|The Conglomerate]] * [[Epic Records|Epic]] * [[Violator (company)|Violator]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] * [[Cash Money Records|Cash Money]] * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Universal Motown Records|Universal Motown]] * [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] * [[Aftermath Entertainment|Aftermath]] * [[J Records|J]] * [[Elektra Records|Elektra]] }} |associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[#Flipmode Squad|Flipmode Squad]] * [[Leaders of the New School]] * [[A Tribe Called Quest]] * [[DJ Kay Slay]] * [[J Dilla]] * [[Missy Elliott]] * [[N.O.R.E.]] * [[Q-Tip (musician)|Q−Tip]]<br> * [[Rashad Smith]] }} }} }} '''Trevor George Smith Jr.'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Busta Rhymes must be released, orders judge|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3081767/Busta-Rhymes-must-be-released-orders-judge.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=March 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gonzalez|first1=Victor|title=Rick Ross, Pitbull, and Other Rappers' Paternity Suits|url=http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/rick-ross-pitbull-and-other-rappers-paternity-suits-6386723|newspaper=[[Miami New Times]]|accessdate=March 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Buzz Briefs: Emilio Navaira, David Blaine|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/buzz-briefs-emilio-navaira-david-blaine/|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=March 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Busta Rhymes Refused Entry into Britain|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/articles/busta-rhymes-refused-entry-into-britain-65465/|website=Accesshollywood.com|publisher=NBCUniversal, Inc.|accessdate=March 23, 2016}}</ref> (ọjọ́ìbí May 20, 1972), tó gbajúmọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[stage name|orúkọ orí-ìtàgé]] rẹ̀ '''Busta Rhymes''', ni [[rapper|olórin rap]], olórin, akọrin, olóòtú àwo-orin, onígbàjámọ̀ àwọ-orin, àti òṣeré ará Amẹ́ríkà. [[Chuck D]] láti ẹgbẹ́ olórin rap, [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]] ló sọ ọ́ lorúkọ báhun. ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} {{igbesiaye|1972||Rhymes Busta}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ Áfríkà Amẹ́ríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olórin rap ará Amẹ́ríkà]] e9aikd0rqlygavkygfuvya8dzh4s8ed Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ 0 69419 632050 621993 2026-08-19T16:27:17Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632050 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Social distancing queueing for the supermarket J. Sainsbury's north London Coronavirus Covid 19 pandemic - 30 March 2020.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ń ṣe àmúlò Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni nípa títò lọ́wọọ̀wọ́ láti wọnú ọjà ìgbàlódé ní ìlú London nígbà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn [[èrànkòrónà]] lọ́dún 2020]] [[File:Covid-19-Transmission-graphic-01.gif|thumb|upright=1.5|Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ máa ń ṣe àdínkù àti ìdálọ́wọ́kọ́ àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn láwùjọ.]] Nínú ètò ìlera àwùjọ, '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ('''Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni lójúkojú'''),<ref name="WHO_20200320">{{cite web |title=COVID-19 |author-first1=Margaret |author-last1=Harris |author-first2=Tedros |author-last2=Adhanom Ghebreyesus |author-link2=Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus |author-first3=Tu |author-last3=Liu |author-first4=Michael "Mike" J. |author-last4=Ryan |author-link4=Michael J. Ryan (doctor) |author5=Vadia<!-- Nowruz, Iran --> |author-first6=Maria D. |author-last6=Van Kerkhove |author-link6=Maria D. Van Kerkhove |author7=Diego<!-- Vortex --> |author-first8=Imogen |author-last8=Foulkes |author-first9=Charles |author-last9=Ondelam |author-first10=Corinne |author-last10=Gretler |author11=Costas<!-- ERT, Greece --> |date=20 March 2020 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0 |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325084602/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0 |archive-date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Hensley_20200323">{{cite web |author-first=Laura |author-last=Hensley |title=Social distancing is out, physical distancing is in – here's how to do it |work=[[Global News]] |date=23 March 2020 |publisher=[[Corus Entertainment Inc.]] |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6717166/what-is-physical-distancing/ |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180136/https://globalnews.ca/news/6717166/what-is-physical-distancing/ |archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Venske_20200326">{{cite web|title=Die Wirkung von Sprache in Krisenzeiten|language=de|trans-title=The effect of language in times of crisis|date=26 March 2020|editor-first=Andrea|editor-last=Schwyzer|author-first=Regula|author-last=Venske|author-link=:de:Regula Venske|type=Interview|publisher=[[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]]|series=NDR Kultur|url=https://www.ndr.de/kultur/Corona-Die-Wirkung-von-Sprache-in-Krisenzeiten,venske118.html|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214038/https://www.ndr.de/kultur/Corona-Die-Wirkung-von-Sprache-in-Krisenzeiten,venske118.html|archive-date=27 March 2020}} (NB. Regula Venske is president of the [[PEN Centre Germany]].)</ref> jẹ́ ìlànà tí kìí ṣe nípa ìmọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ ìlò oògùn pẹ̀lú èròǹgbà láti dènà títànká àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn nípa jíjìnnà sí ara ẹni lójúkojú láti ṣe àdínkù iye ìgbà tí àwọn ènìyàn lè súnmọ́ ara wọn pẹ́kípẹ́kí.<ref name="WHO_20200320"/><ref name="JohnsonSunFreedman 2020">{{Cite news |author-last1=Johnson |author-first1=Carolyn Y. |author-last2=Sun |author-first2=Lena |author-last3=Freedman |author-first3=Andrew |title=Social distancing could buy U.S. valuable time against coronavirus |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=10 March 2020 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/10/social-distancing-coronavirus/ |access-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327163232/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/10/social-distancing-coronavirus/ |archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> Ó jẹ mọ́ ìṣèdiwọ̀n bí ènìyàn kan ṣe lè jìnnà sí ẹlòmíràn (irú òdiwọ̀n bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń yàtọ̀ láti ìgbà dé ìgbà àti ní orílẹ̀ èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan) àti yíyẹra fún ìpéjọpọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀ èèyàn.<ref name="Pearce2020"/><ref name="CDC22March2020"/> Nípa Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni, ó ṣe é ṣe kí àdínkù wà fún kíkó àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn rán ẹni tí kò láàrùn èyí tí ó lè wáyé nípa dídára pọ̀ mọ́ ẹni tí ó ti kó ààrùn, tí èyí yóò sìn ṣe àdínkù iye ẹni tí ààrùn bẹ́ẹ̀ lè pa.<ref name="WHO_20200320"/> A máa ń lo ìlànà yìí pẹ̀lú ìwà ìmọ́tótó èémí àti fífọwọ́ ẹni.<ref name="WHO2May2009"/><ref name="gov.ukSD">{{Cite web |title= Guidance on social distancing for everyone in the UK |author-last= |author-first= |date= |website=GOV.UK |language=en |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-guidance-on-social-distancing-and-for-vulnerable-people/guidance-on-social-distancing-for-everyone-in-the-uk-and-protecting-older-people-and-vulnerable-adults |access-date= 29 March 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200324214400/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-guidance-on-social-distancing-and-for-vulnerable-people/guidance-on-social-distancing-for-everyone-in-the-uk-and-protecting-older-people-and-vulnerable-adults |archive-date= 24 March 2020 }}</ref> Nígbà [[Àjákálẹ̀ àrùn káàkiriayé èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020|rògbòdìyàn àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn ẹ̀rànkòrónà 2019]], àjọ ètò ìlera àgbáyé, [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) dábàá láti ṣègbè fún Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni tí ó tako Ìjìnnà-sáwùjọ-eni, láti ṣàlàyé pé Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni ni ó lè ṣe àdínkù kíkó àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn náà, àwọn ènìyàn ṣì lè ní ìbáṣepọ̀ tó dára nípa lílo ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ.<ref name="WHO_20200320"/><ref name="Hensley_20200323"/><ref name="Tangermann_20200324">{{cite web|title=It's Officially Time to Stop Using The Phrase 'Social Distancing'<!-- The WHO Wants You to Ditch the Phrase "Social Distancing" -->|date=24 March 2020|orig-year=20 March 2020|author-first=Victor|author-last=Tangermann|work=science alert (Futurism / The Byte)|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/who-is-no-longer-using-the-phrase-social-distancing|access-date=29 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180149/https://www.sciencealert.com/who-is-no-longer-using-the-phrase-social-distancing|archive-date=29 March 2020}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180155/https://futurism.com/the-byte/who-ditch-phrase-social-distancing]</ref><ref name=Kumar>{{Cite journal|last1= Kumar|first1= Satyendra|date= 28 March 2020|title= Corona Virus Outbreak: Keep Physical Distancing, Not Social Distancing |language= en|location= Rochester, NY|ssrn= 3568435}}</ref> Láti ṣe àdínkù ìkóràn àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn àti láti dènà iṣẹ́ àṣekúdórógbó fún àwọn elétò ìlera, pàápàá jù lọ nígbà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òfin Ìjìnnà-sápèéjọ ni wọ́n là kalẹ̀, lára wọn ni títi ilé-ìwé àti àwọn ilé ìjọsìn pa, ìdágbé, ìséra-ẹni dènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn, òfin kónílégbélé àti gbígbégidínà ìpéjọpọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn.<ref name="JohnsonSunFreedman 2020"/><ref name="cdc2007"/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé sẹ́ńtúrí kọkànlélógún yìí ni ọ̀rọ̀ náà jẹyọ,<ref>{{cite web |title=social distancing |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/social%20distancing |website=Merriam-Webster |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref> lílọ Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ tí wà láti láti nǹkan sẹ́ńtúrí mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún sẹ́yìn. Ọ̀rọ̀ náà jẹyọ nínú [[Bíbélì]], nínú ìwé Léfítíkù, orí kẹtàlá, ẹsẹ kẹrìndínláàádọ́ta, "Adẹ́tẹ̀ náà tí ó ń ṣàìsàn ni {{nbsp}}... yóò máa níkàn dá gbé lẹ́yìn níbi ọ̀tọ̀, ibi ọ̀tọ̀ yìí ni yóò sìn máa gbé."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+13&version=AKJV|title=Bible Gateway passage: Leviticus 13 - Authorized (King James) Version|website=Bible Gateway}}</ref> Nígbà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn àwọn ará Jọsitiníàn lọ́dún 541 sí 542, olórí àwọn Jọsitiníàn àkọ́kọ́ ṣọ̀fin ìyanisọ́tọ̀ dènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn ní abẹ́ àṣẹ ìjọba Byzantine, lára àwọn òfin ìyanisọ́tọ̀ dènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn náà ni júju òkú sínú òkun, ó sọ ní àìmọye ìgbà pé àwọn ará Júù, Samáríà, àwọn abọrìṣà, àwọn elékèé, ìwà abo kó máa bá abo sùn tàbí kí akọ máa bá akọ sùn pẹ̀lú àwọn ìwà ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ mìíràn ló fa àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn nígbà náà".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1= Drews|first1= Kelly|date= 1 May 2013|title= A Brief History of Quarantine|journal= The Virginia Tech Undergraduate Historical Review|language= en|volume= 2|doi= 10.21061/vtuhr.v2i0.16|issn= 2165-9915}}</ref> Láyé òde òní, lílọ Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni dènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn wáyé láti dènà onírúurú àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn. Nígbà [[St.&nbsp;Louis]], ní kété lẹ́yìn ìbẹ́sílẹ̀ àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn, influenza sẹ́yọ láàárín ìlú lọ́dún 1918, àwọn aláṣẹ pàṣẹ títi àwọn ilé-ìwé pa, gbígbégi Dínà ìpéjọpọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn àti aáyán Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ mìíràn. Iye àwọn ènìyàn tó kú ní St.&nbsp;Louis nígbà náà kò pọ̀ tó ti [[Philadelphia]], tí wọn kò ṣàmúlò Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni nígbà ìbẹ́sílẹ̀ àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn influenza, àfi lẹ́yìn ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì tí àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn náà bẹ́ sílẹ̀.<ref name="Ryan2008"/> Bẹ́ẹ̀ náà, àwọn aláṣẹ tí dámọ̀ràn Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni nígbà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn ẹrankòrónà 2019. Àgbékalẹ̀ Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ máa ń dènà rírànkálẹ̀ àwọn àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn ní àwọn ìlànà wọ̀nyí:<ref name="cidrap">{{cite web |title=Information About Social Distancing |date=2017 |website=www.cidrap.umn.edu |publisher=Public Health Department: [[Santa Clara Valley Health & Hospital System]] |url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/185/185_factsheet_social_distancing.pdf |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327162348/http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/185/185_factsheet_social_distancing.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> * Ikọ́ wúwú àti sísín sì ara ẹlòmíràn droplet contact * ìfarakanra tààrà pẹ̀lú ẹlòmíràn (àti ní ìgbà ìbálòpọ̀ ọkùnrin àti obìnrin) * ìfarakanra lọ́nà ẹ̀bùrù, (fún àpẹẹrẹ fífarakan nǹkan tí ó ti ní kòkòrò ààrùn lára) * kíkó ààrùn náà nínú atẹ́gùn, pàápàá jù lọ fún kòkòrò-àìfojúrí gbé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Àwọn ìlànà ìdènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn wọ̀nyí lè máa ṣiṣẹ́ tó ti irú àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn náà bá jẹ́ èyí tí ènìyàn lè kó nípa jíjẹ oúnjẹ tàbí omi tí ààrùn tí kóbá, tàbí nípa ẹranko agbárùnrìn bíi ẹ̀fọn, tàbí àwọn kòkòrò mìíràn.<ref name="CDCFeb2007">{{cite web |title= Interim Pre-Pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States – Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions |publisher= [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |date= February 2007 |id= CS10848 |url= https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/community_mitigation-sm.pdf |access-date= 29 March 2020 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200319205055/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/community_mitigation-sm.pdf |archive-date= 19 March 2020}}</ref> Lára awọn ìṣòro Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni nì wọ̀nyí, ìdánìkàngbé, ìdí kù iṣẹ́ àti ṣíṣe àwọn nǹkan èlò àti pípàdánù àwọn àǹfààní tó jẹmọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ láwùjọ ẹni.<ref name="Brooks26Feb2020"/> ==Àwọn àǹfààní rẹ̀== {{See also|Flatten the curve}} [[File:20200403 Flatten the curve animated GIF.gif|thumb|upright=1.5|Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ máa ń dènà rírànkálẹ̀ àwọn àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn lọ́nà tó gbòòrò. Ó máa ń fa àdínkù púpọ̀ sí iye àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n lè kó ààrùn náà, èyí yóò ran àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìlera lọ́wọ́ láti mójú tó ìwọ̀nba àwọn aláàárẹ̀ àti àkókò láti tọ́jú wọn.<ref name="Wiles_20200309">{{cite web |author-last=Wiles |author-first=Siouxsie |author-link=Siouxsie Wiles |title=The three phases of Covid-19—and how we can make it manageable |date=9 March 2020 |work=[[The Spinoff]] |location=Morningside, Auckland, New Zealand |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |access-date=9 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327120015/https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Wiles_20200314">{{cite web |author-last=Wiles |author-first=Siouxsie |author-link=Siouxsie Wiles |title=After 'Flatten the Curve', we must now 'Stop the Spread'. Here's what that means |date=14 March 2020 |work=[[The Spinoff]] |location=Morningside, Auckland, New Zealand |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/ |access-date=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326232315/https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/ |archive-date=26 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Anderson_20200309">{{cite journal |author-last1=Anderson |author-first1=Roy Malcom |author-link1=Roy Malcolm Anderson |author-last2=Heesterbeek |author-first2=Hans J. A. P. |author-last3=Klinkenberg |author-first3=Don |author-last4=Hollingsworth |author-first4=T. Déirdre |author-link4=:wikidata:Q42660467 |date=9 March 2020 |title=How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? |journal=[[The Lancet]] |language=en |volume=395 |issue=10228 |pages=931–934 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=32164834 |pmc=7158572 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30567-5/abstract |access-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327110325/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30567-5/fulltext |archive-date=27 March 2020 |quote=A key issue for epidemiologists is helping policy makers decide the main objectives of mitigation—e.g., minimising morbidity and associated mortality, avoiding an epidemic peak that overwhelms health-care services, keeping the effects on the economy within manageable levels, and flattening the epidemic curve to wait for vaccine development and manufacture on scale and antiviral drug therapies.|doi-access=free }}</ref>]] Ìhùwàsí àwọn ènìyàn lè yí padà nígbà tí wọ́n bá mọ̀ pé àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn kan ń ràn káàkiri àwùjọ nípa yíyẹra fún ara ẹni àti àwọn ibi ìpéjọ láwùjọ. Bí a bá ṣe àmúlò èyí láti dènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn, irú Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ bẹẹ lè ní àǹfàní púpọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n yóò ṣe àkóbá fún ètò ọ̀rọ̀-ajé. Ìwádìí fihàn pé, ṣíṣe èyí lóòrèkóòrè àti lẹ́sẹ̀kẹkẹ̀ nìkan ló lè mú èsì tó dára jáde. <ref name="Maharaj2012">{{cite journal |author-last1=Maharaj |author-first1=Savi |author-last2=Kleczkowski |author-first2=Adam |date=2012 |title=Controlling epidemic spread by social distancing: Do it well or not at all |journal=[[BioMed Central|BMC Public Health]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=679 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-679 |pmid=22905965 |pmc=3563464}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àmúlò ni Wọ́n ń múlò láti dènà ríràn ká àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn. Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ.<ref name="cdc2007">{{cite web |author-first1=Kathy |author-last1=Kinlaw |author-first2=Robert J. |author-last2=Levine |title=Ethical guidelines in Pandemic Influenza—Recommendations of the Ethics Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee to the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |date=15 February 2007 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/od/science/integrity/phethics/docs/panflu_ethic_guidelines.pdf |access-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205095942/https://www.cdc.gov/od/science/integrity/phethics/docs/panflu_ethic_guidelines.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020}} (12 pages)</ref><ref name="cidrap"/><ref name="Pearce2020"/><ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper"/> ===Yíyàgò fún ìfarakínra=== [[File:Covid-19-Handshake-Alternatives-v3.gif|thumb|upright=1.5|Lára Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ ni; yíyàgò fún ìfarakanra ẹni láwùjọ tí ó lè wáyé nipa àṣà ìbọwọ́kíni, tàbí ìdìmọ́ra ẹni; àfihàn New Zealand yìí fúnni ní àǹfààní èyíwùmí mẹ̀jọ̀.]] Jíjìnnà sí ara-ẹni ní ìwọ̀n bàtà mẹ́fà (ní U.S tàbí U.K) tàbí mítà 1.5 (ní [[Austrálíà|Australia]]) tàbí ìwọ̀n mítà kan (ní [[Faransé]] tàbí [[Itálíà|Italy]]) sí ara ati yíyàgò fún ìdìmọ́ra ẹni àti àtójọ àwọn ìṣe mìíràn tí ó jẹ mọ́ ìfarakanra máa ń ṣe àdínkù kíkó ààrùn nígbà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn flu àti ẹ̀rànkòrónà lọ́dún 2020.<ref name="Pearce2020"/><ref name="osha">{{cite web|title=Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for an Influenza Pandemic|id=OSHA 3327-02N 2007|work=[[Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970]]|publisher=[[United States Department of Labor]]|url=https://www.osha.gov/Publications/influenza_pandemic.html|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325141049/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/influenza_pandemic.html|archive-date=25 March 2020}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200319163737/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3327pandemic.pdf]</ref> ṣíṣe ìmúlò awọn ìlànà Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ wọ̀nyí, pẹ̀lú gbígbé ìgbé ayé ìmọ́tótó ní ibi iṣẹ́ wà lára ìlànà tó dára.<ref name="UofCh">{{Cite web |title=Social Distancing |publisher=Department of Safety & Security, [[The University of Chicago]] |date=2015 |website=safety-security.uchicago.edu |url=https://safety-security.uchicago.edu/emergency_management/all_hazard_safety_procedures/social_distancing/ |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324150358/https://safety-security.uchicago.edu/emergency_management/all_hazard_safety_procedures/social_distancing/ |archive-date=24 March 2020}}</ref>Níbi tí ó bá ti ṣe é ṣe, Wọ́n lè dá a lábàá pé kí Wọ́n máa ṣíṣe láti ilé.<ref name="gov.ukSD"/><ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper"/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìlànà èyíwùmí ni wọ́n tí làálẹ̀ fún àṣà ìbọra-ẹni lọ́wọ́. Ìkíni nípa fífi ọwọ́ ẹni méjèèjì papọ̀ láìbọ ẹni tí à ń kí lọ́wọ́, kíkíni nípa ìfọwọ́sọ̀yà, jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìkíra ẹni láìfara kanra. Ní àkókò [[ẹ̀rànkòrónà 2019]] lórílẹ̀-èdè United Kingdom]], ìṣe ìkíni yìí ni Ọmọba Charles lò láti kí àwọn àlejò, ìkíni yìí ni Ọ̀gá-àgbà àjọ ètò ìlera àgbáyé, WHO, [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]] àti Olórí ìjọba orílẹ̀ èdè Ísírẹ́lì, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] náà tún là kalẹ̀ fún lílò .<ref name="Barajas13March2020">{{Cite web |title=Joined palms, hands-on hearts, Vulcan salutes: Saying hello in a no-handshake era |author-last1=Barajas |author-first1=Julia |author-last2=Etehad |author-first2=Melissa |date=13 March 2020 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-13/coronavirus-namaste-greetings-handshakes-noncontact |access-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327064424/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-13/coronavirus-namaste-greetings-handshakes-noncontact |archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà èyíwùmí mìíràn ni; nína ọba-ìka sókè, jújuwọ́ sí ni, fí fọwọ́ sáyà, bí wọ́n ṣe ń kí ara ẹni ní ní àwọn apá kan lórílẹ̀ èdè Ìran.<ref name="Barajas13March2020"/> <gallery>File:Social Distancing in a Computer Lab.jpg|thumb|upright=1.85|Ní yàrá ẹ̀rọ kọ̀m̀pútà yìí, gbogbo àwọn ìbùdó ìṣe mìíràn tí wà ní títì pa láti pa ààlà tó gbòòrò láàárín àwọn òṣìṣẹ́. File:Social_Distancing_Sign_@_London_Drugs_(49684963711).jpg|thumb|upright=1|Ìsàmì sílẹ̀ lè lè ranni lọ́wọ́ láti ṣàmúlò Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ.</gallery> ===Ilé ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ títì pa=== [[Image:Swineflu uk hpa model.svg|thumb|right|upright=1| Ìṣẹ́yọ ààrùn ẹ̀ràn Ẹlẹ́dẹ̀ lọ́sẹ̀ọ̀sẹ̀ ní United Kingdom lọ́dún 2009; ilé-ìwé wọ́n sáàbà máa ń gba ìsinmi ìgbà òjò ní àárín oṣù keje tí wọ́n á sìn wọlé padà ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹsàn-án.<ref name="HPApress">{{cite web |title=2009 Press Releases |date=24 December 2009 |publisher=[[Health Protection Agency]] |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224065403/http://www.hpa.org.uk/HPA/NewsCentre/NationalPressReleases/2009PressReleases/|access-date=24 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url= |archive-date=24 December 2009}}</ref>]] Àwòmọ́ ìmọ̀ ìṣirò tí fihàn pé, títí ilé ìwé pa lè ṣe à ṣe ìdádúró. Bí ó tilẹ̀ wù kí ó rí, ìyọrísí rere rẹ̀ dá lórí bí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mú òfin Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ nígbà tí wọ́n kò sí ní ilé ẹ̀kọ́. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, àwọn òbí mìíràn lè gbà ìyọ̀ǹda ìsinmi lẹ́nu iṣẹ́, bákan náà, wọ́n máa nílò láti ti ilé-ìwé pa fún ìgbà pípé. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè fa ìfàsẹ́yìn fún àwùjọ àti ètò ọ̀rọ̀-ajé.<ref name="Zumla2010">{{Cite book |author-last1=Zumla |author-first1=Alimuddin |author-link1=Alimuddin Zumla |title=Emerging Respiratory Infections in the 21st Century, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics |author-last2=Yew |author-first2=Wing-Wai |author-last3=Hui |author-first3=David S. C. |date=31 August 2010 |publisher=[[Elsevier Health Sciences]] |volume=24 |number=3 |isbn=978-1-4557-0038-7 |pages=614 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9CQn9C4JaQC&pg=PA614 |access-date=29 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329195321/https://books.google.de/books?id=c9CQn9C4JaQC&pg=PA614&redir_esc=y |archive-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="CauchemezFerguson2009">{{cite journal |author-last1=Cauchemez |author-first1=Simon |author-last2=Ferguson |author-first2=Neil Morris |author-link2=Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist) |author-last3=Wachtel |author-first3=Claude |author-last4=Tegnell |author-first4=Anders |author-last5=Saour |author-first5=Guillaume |author-last6=Duncan |author-first6=Ben |author-last7=Nicoll |author-first7=Angus |title=Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic |journal=[[The Lancet Infectious Diseases]] |volume=9 |issue=8 |date=August 2009 |pages=473–481 |issn=1473-3099 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70176-8 |pmid=19628172 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099%2809%2970176-8 |access-date=29 March 2020 ||pmc=7106429 }}</ref> ===Ilé iṣẹ́ títì pa=== Àbájáde ìwádìí awòkọ́ṣe àti ìfarawé lórílẹ̀ èdè Amẹ́ríkà fihàn pé ìdámẹ́wàá (10%) nínú àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ti kó àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn ní wọ́n máa ń tì pa, àpapọ̀ ìkóràn àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn jẹ́ ìdá mọ́kànlá lé ìpín mẹ́sàn-án (11.9%),tí àsìkò kíkó àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn púpọ̀ máa ń fà sẹ́yìn. Ní ìdàkejì ẹ̀wẹ̀, tí ìdá mẹ́tàlélọ̀gbọ̀n (33%) nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tí ó kó àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn bá wà ní títì pa, àǹfààní kíkó àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn yóò dínkù ní ìwọ̀n ìdámẹ́rìn pẹ̀lú ìpín péréte mẹ́san-an (4.9%), tí àsìkò gíga àti kó ààrùn yóò fà sẹ́yìn fún ọ̀sẹ̀ kan.<ref>{{cite journal |author-last1=Rousculp |author-first1=Matthew D. |author-last2=Johnston |author-first2=Stephen S. |author-last3=Palmer |author-first3=Liisa A. |author-last4=Chu |author-first4=Bong-Chul |author-last5=Mahadevia |author-first5=Parthiv J. |author-last6=Nichol |author-first6=Kristin L. |date=October 2010 |title=Attending Work While Sick: Implication of Flexible Sick Leave Policies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-occupational-and-environmental-medicine_2010-10_52_10/page/1009 |journal=[[Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |volume=52 |issue=10 |pages=1009–1013 |doi=10.1097/jom.0b013e3181f43844 |pmid=20881626}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author-last1=Kumar |author-first1=Supriya |author-last2=Crouse Quinn |author-first2=Sandra |author-last3=Kim |author-first3=Kevin H. |author-last4=Daniel |author-first4=Laura H. |author-last5=Freimuth |author-first5=Vicki S. |title=The Impact of Workplace Policies and Other Social Factors on Self-Reported Influenza-Like Illness Incidence During the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic |date=January 2012 |journal=[[American Journal of Public Health]] |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=134–140 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2011.300307 |pmid=22095353 |pmc=3490553}}</ref> Lára ilé-iṣẹ́ títì pa ni títì pa "àwọn okowò tí kò ṣe pàtàkì" àti àwọn iṣẹ́ àwùjọ tó ṣe pàtàkì (àwọn okowò tí kò ṣe pàtàkì" túmọ̀ sí àwọn ohun èlò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ wúlò ni kíákíá láwùjọ ohun-èlò pàtàkì Workplace closures, èyí yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ohun èlò tó ṣe pàtàkì láwùjọ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Social Distancing Support Guidelines For Pandemic Readiness |publisher=[[Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment]] |date=March 2008 |url=https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/OEPR_Guidelines-for-Social-Distancing-Pandemic-Readiness.pdf |access-date=13 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213001535/https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/OEPR_Guidelines-for-Social-Distancing-Pandemic-Readiness.pdf |archive-date=13 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper"/> ===Ṣíṣe ìdádúró àwọn ìpéjọpọ̀ ènìyàn púpọ̀=== [[File:Socially distanced street party for the 75th Anniversary of VE Day, Montagu Road, Wetherby (8th May 2020) 003.jpg|thumb|right|[[VE Day]] celebrations took place under lockdown; here a socially distanced street party is taking place on [[Hallfield, Wetherby|Hallfield Estate]], [[Wetherby]].]] Lára ìgbégidínà àwọn ìpépjọpọ̀ tàbí ìpàdé ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn ni; ìpépjọpọ̀ fún ètò eré-ìdárayá, ilé sinimá tàbí agbo-orin.<ref>{{cite journal |author-first1=Robert |author-last1=Booy |author-first2=James |author-last2=Ward |title=Evidence compendium and advice on social distancing and other related measures for response to an influenza pandemic |journal=[[:de:Paediatric Respiratory Reviews|Paediatric Respiratory Reviews]] |date=2015 |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=119–126 |publisher=National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance |doi=10.1016/j.prrv.2014.01.003 |pmid=24630149 |url=https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/519F9392797E2DDCCA257D47001B9948/$File/Social.pdf |access-date=15 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515032806/https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/519F9392797E2DDCCA257D47001B9948/$File/Social.pdf |archive-date=15 May 2015}} (13 pages)</ref> Ẹ̀rí pé ìpépjọpọ̀ ènìyàn púpọ̀ máa ń ran ríran ká àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn lọ́wọ́ ní kíákíá kò ì tí ì parí.<ref>{{cite journal |author-first1=Thomas V. |author-last1=Inglesby |author-first2=Jennifer B. |author-last2=Nuzzo |author-first3=Tara |author-last3=O'Toole |author-link3=Tara O'Toole |author-first4=Donald Ainslie |author-last4=Henderson |author-link4=Donald Ainslie Henderson |doi=10.1089/bsp.2006.4.366 |title=Disease Mitigation Measures in the Control of Pandemic Influenza |journal=Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science |date=2006 |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=366–375 |pmid=17238820 |citeseerx=10.1.1.556.2672}}</ref> Àbájáde ìwádìí Anecdotal dábàá pé àwọn ìpépjọpọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ kan lè ran ríràn ká àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn lọ́wọ́, àti wípé èyí lè fa àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn wá sí àgbègbè tí irú ìpépjọpọ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ bá ti wáyé, tí ààrùn náà lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní tàn kálẹ̀ láàárín ìlú nígbà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn. Ní àsìkò àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn ẹ̀ràn lọ́dún 1918, ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ wí pé ìtò lọ́wọọ̀wọ́ àwọn ọmọ ológun Philadelphia <ref name="Davis_20180921">{{cite magazine |author-first=Kenneth C. |author-last=Davis |author-link=Kenneth C. Davis |title=Philadelphia Threw a WWI Parade That Gave Thousands of Onlookers the Flu |magazine=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |date=21 September 2018 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/philadelphia-threw-wwi-parade-gave-thousands-onlookers-flu-180970372/ |access-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327222425/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/philadelphia-threw-wwi-parade-gave-thousands-onlookers-flu-180970372/ |archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> àti Boston<ref>{{cite news |title=The Flu in Boston |work=[[American Experience]] |publisher=[[WGBH Educational Foundation]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/influenza-boston/ |access-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320142051/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/influenza-boston/ |archive-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> ló fa ríràn ká àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn nípa ìdarapọ̀ àwọn àwọn awakọ̀ ojú-omi tí wọ́n ti lùgbàdì ààrùn ẹ̀ràn pẹ̀lú àwọn èrò èrò àwọn ènìyàn tí kìí ṣe ológun. Ṣíṣe ìdádúró ìpépjọpọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn àwọn Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ mìíràn lè dènà ríràn ká àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn.<ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper"/><ref>{{cite journal |author-last1=Ishola |author-first1=David A. |author-last2=Phin |author-first2=Nick |date=December 2011 |title=Could Influenza Transmission Be Reduced by Restricting Mass Gatherings? Towards an Evidence-Based Policy Framework |url= |journal=Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=33–60 |doi=10.1016/j.jegh.2011.06.004 |pmid=23856374|pmc=7104184 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Dídádúró àwọn ìrìnàjò lọ́lọ́kan-ò-jọ̀kan=== Títi àwọn ẹnubodè pa tàbí gbígbégi dínà ìrìn-àjò abẹ̀lé lè máa dènà jíjàkálẹ̀ àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn ju ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì sí mẹ́ta lọ, àyàfi bí wọ́n bá ṣe ètò náà dáadáa, tí ó múlẹ̀ káàkiri ní ìdá ókàndínlọ́gọ́rùnún (99%).<ref>{{cite journal |author-last1=Ferguson |author-first1=Neil Morris |author-link1=Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist) |author-last2=Cummings |author-first2=Derek A. T. |author-last3=Fraser |author-first3=Christophe |author-last4=Cajka |author-first4=James C. |author-last5=Cooley |author-first5=Philip C. |author-last6=Burke |author-first6=Donald S. |author-link6=Donald S. Burke |date=2006 |title=Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=442 |issue=7101 |pages=448–452 |doi=10.1038/nature04795 |pmid=16642006 |pmc=7095311 |bibcode=2006Natur.442..448F}}</ref> Àyẹ̀wò fínnífínní ní pápákọ̀ Òfurufú [[Canada]] kò gbégi dínà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn SARS lọ́dún 2003 lórílẹ̀-èdè <ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Bell |author-first=David M. |date=2004 |title=Public health interventions and SARS spread, 2003 |journal=[[Emerging Infectious Diseases]] |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=1900–1906 |doi=10.3201/eid1011.040729 |pmid=15550198 |pmc=3329045 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no11/04-0729.htm |access-date= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105074656/https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no11/04-0729.htm |archive-date=5 November 2009}}</ref> and the U.S.<ref>{{cite book |author-first=Martin |author-last=Cetron |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92450/ |chapter=Isolation and Quarantine: Containment Strategies for SARS, 2003 |title=Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |date=2004 |isbn=0-30959433-2}}</ref>Àyẹ̀wò fínnífínní ẹnubodè láàárín [[Austria]] àti [[Ottoman Empire]], tí wọ́n ṣe lọ́dún 1770 títí di ọdún 1871 láti dènà àwọn tí wọ́n ní ààrùn bubonic láti wọ orílẹ̀ èdè Australia, ni ìròyìn sọ pé ó ṣiṣẹ́, nítorí kò sí àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn náà ní àwọn àgbègbè Australia lẹ́yìn akitiyan náà, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà, àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn jà rànyìnrànyìn ní agbègbè Ottoman títí di sẹ́ńtúrì òkàndínlógún.<ref name="Kohn">{{cite book |editor-first=George Childs |editor-last=Kohn |title=Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |series=Facts On File—Library Of World History |date=2008 |orig-year=2001, 1998 |page=30 |isbn=978-1-43812923-5 |edition=3 |location=New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzRwRmb09rgC&pg=PA30 |access-date=29 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329120426/https://books.google.com/books?id=tzRwRmb09rgC&pg=PA30 |archive-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plague |editor-first=Joseph P. |editor-last=Byrne |date=2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.]] / [[Greenwood Press]] |location=Westport, Connecticut / London |lccn=2008019487 |volume=1&2<!-- Volume 1, A–M --> |isbn=<!-- 978–0–313–34101–4 --> |id=978–0–313–34102–1 (vol 1), 978–0–313–34103–8 (vol 2) |url=http://www.academia.dk/MedHist/Sygdomme/PDF/Encyclopedia_of_Pestilence_Pandemics_and_Plagues.pdf |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215143932/https://www.academia.dk/MedHist/Sygdomme/PDF/Encyclopedia_of_Pestilence_Pandemics_and_Plagues.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> I wádìí ìjìnlẹ̀ kàn ní yunifasiti [[Northeastern University]], tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde lóṣù kẹta ọdún 2020 fihàn pé dídènà ìrìn-àjò láti orílẹ̀-èdè China sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìírànú àdínkù bá bí àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn ẹ̀rànkòrónà 2019 ṣe ràn káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè sí orílẹ̀-èdè, ṣùgbọ́n kò dènà ríràn ká àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn náà ní àwùjo sí àwùjọ àti ènìyàn kan sí òmíràn. [...] Nítorí ìdí èyí, dídènà ìrìn-àjò nìkan kò tó láti dènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn, àyàfi bí wọ́n bá mú Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ mọ́ ọ̀n."<ref>{{cite news |author-first=Emily |author-last=Arntsen |title=Closing borders can delay, but can't stop the spread of COVID-19, new report says |work=News@Northeastern |publisher=[[Northeastern University]] |date=6 March 2020 |url=https://news.northeastern.edu/2020/03/06/to-slow-the-spread-of-covid-19-close-doors-not-borders-new-report-says/ |access-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323063603/https://news.northeastern.edu/2020/03/06/to-slow-the-spread-of-covid-19-close-doors-not-borders-new-report-says/ |archive-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> Ìwádìí náà fihan pé, dídènà ìrìn-àjò ní ìlú [[Wuhan]] dènà ríràn ká àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn náà sí àwọn ìlú pàtàkì mìíràn ni China fún ọjọ́ mẹ́ta sí márùn-ún péré, lóòótọ́, ó dènà rẹ̀ fún orílẹ̀ èdè sí orílẹ̀-èdè ní ìwọ̀n 80%.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak |author-last1=Chinazzi |author-first1=Matteo |author-last2=Davis |author-first2=Jessica T. |author-last3=Ajelli |author-first3=Marco |author-last4=Gioannini |author-first4=Corrado |author-last5=Litvinova |author-first5=Maria |author-last6=Merler |author-first6=Stefano |author-link6=:wikidata:Q56380887 |author-last7=Pastore y Piontti |author-first7=Ana |author-last8=Mu |author-first8=Kunpeng |author-last9=Rossi |author-first9=Luca |author-last10=Sun |author-first10=Kaiyuan |author-last11=Viboud |author-first11=Cécile |authorlink11=Cécile Viboud|author-last12=Xiong |author-first12=Xinyue |author-last13=Yu |author-first13=Hongjie |author-last14=Halloran |author-first14=M. Elizabeth |author-last15=Longini, Jr. |author-first15=Ira M. |author-link15=Ira M. Longini, Jr. |author-last16=Vespignani |author-first16=Alessandro |author-link16=Alessandro Vespignani |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=6 March 2020 |volume=368 |issue=6489 |doi=10.1126/science.aba9757 |pages=395–400 |pmid=32144116 |pmc=7164386 }}</ref> ===Ìbora-ẹni=== [[File:Whole Foods Market - Toronto - 20200501110408 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Àwọn asàmìn sílẹ̀ fún Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ pelu jígí ìbonǹkan ní àbájáde ọ̀ja oúnjẹ ńlá ní Toronto láti ṣe àdínkù ìfarakanra.]] Lára ìgbìyànjú ìbora ẹni ni ṣíṣe àdínkù ìfojúrinjú kòrókòró, ṣíṣe ètò káràkátà lórí ẹ̀rọ ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ tàbí lórí ìkànnì ayélujára, yíyẹra fún ibi ìpépjọpọ̀ ńlá àti gbígbàyànjú láti dẹ́kun ìrìn àjò afẹ́ tàbí ìrìn àjò tí kò pọn dandan.<ref name="Glass">{{cite journal |author-last1=Glass |author-first1=Robert J. |author-last2=Glass |author-first2=Laura M. |author-last3=Beyeler |author-first3=Walter E. |author-last4=Min |author-first4=H. Jason |doi=10.3201/eid1211.060255 |title=Targeted Social Distancing Designs for Pandemic Influenza |journal=[[Emerging Infectious Diseases]] |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |date=November 2006 |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=1671–1681 |pmid=17283616 |pmc=3372334 |url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0255_article |access-date=29 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323042313/https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0255_article |archive-date=23 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="SDG">{{cite web |title=Social Distancing Guidelines (for workplace communicable disease outbreaks) |date=2017 |publisher=[[Society for Human Resource Management]] |url=https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/policies/pages/cms_016204.aspx |access-date=23 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423071438/https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/policies/pages/cms_016204.aspx |archive-date=23 April 2017}}</ref><ref name=HeartMatters>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/whats-the-difference-between-shielding-self-isolation-and-social-distancing|title=What's the difference between shielding, self-isolation and social distancing?|website=www.bhf.org.uk|language=en|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329185017/https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/whats-the-difference-between-shielding-self-isolation-and-social-distancing|archive-date=29 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Ìyàsọ́tọ̀ àwọn alárùn=== {{main|Quarantine}} Lásìkò àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn SARS lọ́dún 2003 ni orílẹ̀-èdè Singapore During the 2003 [[SARS]] outbreak in [[Singapore]], ó tó ènìyàn {{val|8000}} tí wọ́n jẹ́ alárùn ni wọ́n yà sọ́tọ̀ tipátipá nílé wọn, tí wọ́n sìn mú kí ń {{val|4300}} wòye ara wọn fún àmìn ààrùn, wọ́n sìn ń pe àwọn elétò ìlera lóòòkóòrè gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti dènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn. Bí ó ti lẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ènìyàn méjìdínlọ̀gọ̀ta péré ló ní ààrùn náà lẹ́yìn àyẹ̀wò, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìlera gbà pé ọ̀nà náà kẹ́sẹjárí nípa ṣíṣe àdínkù títàn ká ààrùn náà.<ref>{{cite journal |author-first=Chorh-Chuan |author-last=Tan |author-link=Tan Chorh Chuan |url=http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/downloads/sars_outbreak_lessons.pdf |pmid=16830002 |title=SARS in Singapore—Key Lessons from an Epidemic |journal=Annals Academy of Medicine |date=May 2006 |volume=35 |number=5 |pages=345–349 |access-date=23 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424174153/http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/downloads/sars_outbreak_lessons.pdf |archive-date=24 April 2017 |archivedate=24 April 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424174153/http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/downloads/sars_outbreak_lessons.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Ó lè jẹ́ wí pé, yíyara ẹni sọ́tọ̀ láìnípá ló láti ṣe àdínkù àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn influenza ní [[Texas]] lọ́dún 2009.<ref>{{cite journal |author-last1=Teh |author-first1=Benjamin |author-last2=Olsen |author-first2=Karen |author-last3=Black |author-first3=Jim |author-last4=Cheng |author-first4=Allen C. |author-last5=Aboltins |author-first5=Craig |author-last6=Bull |author-first6=Kirstin |author-first7=Paul D. R. |author-last7=Johnson |author-first8=M. Lindsay |author-last8=Grayson |author-first9=Joseph |author-last9=Torresi |title=Impact of swine influenza and quarantine measures on patients and households during the H1N1/09 pandemic |date=2012 |orig-year=2011-11-22, 2011-09-26, 29 June 2011 |journal=[[Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases]] |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=289–296 |doi=10.3109/00365548.2011.631572 |pmid=22106922}}</ref> Wọ́n tí jábọ̀ àkóbá ìwòye ọpọlọ ìgbà díè àti ìgbà pípẹ́.<ref name="Brooks26Feb2020">{{Cite journal |author-last1=Brooks |author-first1=Samantha K. |author-last2=Webster |author-first2=Rebecca K. |author-last3=Smith |author-first3=Louise E. |author-last4=Woodland |author-first4=Lisa |author-last5=Wessely |author-first5=Simon |author-link5=Simon Wessely |author-last6=Greenberg |author-first6=Neil |author-link6=Neil Greenberg |author-last7=Rubin |author-first7=Gideon James |date=14 March 2020 |title=The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence |url=https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2930460-8 |journal=[[The Lancet]] |language=en |volume=395 |issue=10227 |pages=912–920 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=32112714 |pmc=7158942 |access-date=20 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313220120/https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2930460-8 |archive-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> ==Oríkì Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ== [[File:Social distancing COVID.png|thumb|A poster (in Arabic, English and Urdu) encouraging social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic]] [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC), èyí àjọ ìjọba tí ó ń rí sí dídènà àìsàn àti àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn "juwe Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àlàálẹ̀ ìlànà láti ṣe ìdínkù bí àwọn ènìyàn ṣe lè súnmọ́ ara wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà lọ́nà láti gbégi dínà ìtànkálẹ̀ àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn".<ref name="cdc2007"/>Nígbà àjàkálẹ̀ Ààrùn flu lọ́dún 2009, àjọ tí ó ń ṣe kòkárí ètò ìlera ní àgbáyé, [[World Health Organization]], WHO júwe Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí "aáyán láti jìnnà sí ẹnì kejì ní ìwọ̀n gúngún ọwọ́ àti ṣíṣe àdínkù ìpéjọpọ̀ ènìyàn".<ref name="WHO2May2009">{{Cite web |title=Pandemic influenza prevention and mitigation in low resource communities |date=2 May 2009 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |url=https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/swineflu/PI_summary_low_resource_02_05_2009.pdf?ua=1 |access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> Wọ́n pa á pọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìmí lọ́nà ìmọ́tótó àti ọwọ́ fífọ̀, èyí ni wọ́n kà sí ọ̀nà tó dára jù lọ láti ṣe àdínkù tàbí dènà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn láwùjọ.<ref name="WHO2May2009"/><ref name="COVID-19 Infographic">{{cite web|title=Winning together: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infographic|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340025544|last=|first=|date=|website=[[ResearchGate]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> Nígbà àjàkálẹ̀ ààrùn [[COVID-19]], àjọ CDC ṣe àtúnṣe sí oríkì Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ, nípa ṣíṣe àfikún yíyẹra fún agbo ọ̀pọ̀ èèyàn àti jíjìnnà sí agbo ọ̀pọ̀ èèyàn, pàápàá jù lọ ní ìwọ̀n {{convert|6|ft|m|sigfig=1|spell=on|sp=us|disp=or}}) sí ẹnì kejì nígbà tó yẹ".<ref name="Pearce2020">{{Cite web |title=What is social distancing and how can it slow the spread of COVID-19? |author-last=Pearce |author-first=Katie |date=13 March 2020 |website=The Hub |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |language=en |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/13/what-is-social-distancing/ |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329184144/https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/13/what-is-social-distancing/ |archive-date=29 March 2020 }}</ref><ref name="CDC22March2020">{{Cite web |title=Risk Assessment and Management |date=22 March 2020 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |language=en-us |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/risk-assessment.html |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304230223/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/risk-assessment.html |archive-date=4 March 2020 }}</ref> Wọn kò ṣàlàyé ìdí kan pàtó tí wọ́n fi mú ìdíwọ̀n gúngùn ẹsẹ̀ mẹ́fà. Ìwádìí láìpẹ́ fihàn pé ìjásílẹ̀ nígbà tí ènìyàn bá ń mí tagbáratagbára nígbà eré ìmárayá tàbí sín lè rìn fún ìwọ̀n mítà mẹ́fà.<ref name="IndoorAir2007">{{Cite news |last1= Xie |first1=X. |last2=Li |first2= Y. |last3= Chwang |first3=A. T. |last4=Ho |first4= P. L. |last5=Seto |first5= W. H. |title = How far droplets can move in indoor environments – revisiting the Wells evaporation–falling curve |date= June 2007 |journal= [[Indoor Air]] | volume= 17 |issue=3 |pages=211–25 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00469.x |pmid=17542834 }}</ref><ref name="IntEnv2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Setti |first1=L. |last2=Passarini |first2=F. |last3=De Gennaro|first3=G. |title= Airborne Transmission Route of COVID-19: Why 2 Meters/6 Feet of Inter-Personal Distance Could Not Be Enough |date=23 April 2020 |journal=[[Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health]] |volume= 17|issue=8 |pages=2932 |doi=10.3390/ijerph17082932 |pmid=32340347 |pmc=7215485 }}</ref><ref name="MediumApr20">{{Cite news |last1= Thoelen |first1=J. |url=https://medium.com/@jurgenthoelen/belgian-dutch-study-why-in-times-of-covid-19-you-can-not-walk-run-bike-close-to-each-other-a5df19c77d08|title= Belgian-Dutch Study: Why in times of COVID-19 you should not walk/run/bike close behind each other. |date=8 April 2020 |work=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Àwọn ẹlòmíràn ṣàlàyé pé òdiwọ̀n yìí wàyí láti ṣe àkódànù ìwádìí ìjìnlẹ̀ ọdún pípẹ́ ni 1930s àti 1940s<ref name="LiveSci03312020">{{Cite news |last1= Letzter |first1=R. |url= https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-six-feet-enough-social-distancing.html |title = Is 6 feet enough space for social distancing? Not everyone thinks that's enough distance. |date=31 March 2020 |work= [[Live Science]] |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> tàbí ipòrúru ọkàn lórí òdiwọ̀n náà. Àwọn olùwádìí àti àwọn oǹkọ̀wé sàyẹ́nsì tí ṣe alàálẹ̀ pé àwọn Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni ńlá <ref name="IntEnv2020"/><ref name="NYTimesApr1520">{{Cite news |last1=Reynolds |first1=G. |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/well/move/running-social-distancing.html |title= For Runners, Is 15 Feet the New 6 Feet for Social Distancing? When we walk briskly or run, air moves differently around us, increasing the space required to maintain a proper social distance. |date=15 April 2020 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="NYTimesApr1420a">{{Cite news |last1= Sheikh |first1=K. |last2=Gorman |first2=J.|last3= Chang |first3=K. |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/14/health/coronavirus-six-feet.html |title = Stay 6 Feet Apart, We're Told. But How Far Can Air Carry Coronavirus? Most of the big droplets travel a mere six feet. The role of tiny aerosols is the 'trillion-dollar question.' |date=14 April 2020 |work= [[New York Times]] |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> àti lílo ìbòjú tàbí àwọn méjèèjì pẹ̀lú Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ ṣe pàtàkì.<ref name="IntEnv2020" /><ref name="MediumMar262020">{{Cite news |last1=Huang |first1=S. |url= https://medium.com/@Cancerwarrior/covid-19-why-we-should-all-wear-masks-there-is-new-scientific-rationale-280e08ceee71 |title= Why we should all wear masks – There is new scientific rationale. |date=26 March 2020 |work=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper">{{cite web|title=The 2019–2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine‑World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID‑19 Working Group Consensus Paper|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340903626|last=|first=|date=|website=[[ResearchGate]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìmọ̀ àjákálẹ̀-àrùn]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìmọ̀ nípa COVID-19 tí ó ṣe pàtàkì]] fsh7a7z51yw6mxtjn29kyn0wjsc14bc Ìwà Ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ 0 69485 632037 593597 2026-08-19T16:08:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Ọ̀nà ìbáni-lòpọ̀ tó mú ipá dání, tàbí ìbáni-lòpọ̀ takọ tabò láìsí ìyọ̀nda}} [[File:Rape of Prosepina September 2015-3a.jpg|thumb|''[[The Rape of Proserpina]]'' by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]], 1621-22, at the [[Galleria Borghese]] in [[Rome]].]] [[File:LRW-SCALE-11-2018.jpg|thumb|Àtẹ àwòrán tí ó ń fi iye [[ènìyàn]] àti ìlú lórílẹ̀ agbáyé níbi tí ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ ti ó tó 100,000 gbilẹ̀ (ní ọdún 2018).]] '''Ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀''' tabí '''''Ìbáni lòpọ̀ lọ́nà àìtọ́''''' jẹ́ ìfipá múni láti bá ṣe àṣepọ̀ yálà láti ọwọ́ akọ (ọkùnrin)tàbí abo (Obìnrin) nígbà tí ẹni tí a fipá mú kọ̀ láti jọ̀wọ́ ara rẹ̀ fún ìbálòpọ̀ lásìkò tí a fẹ́ ba ṣeré lọ́kọ-láy. Ìwà Ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ yí lè wáyé nípa fífi agbára múni tàbí lílo ipò àṣẹ fúni láti báni-lòpọ̀ lọ́nà àìtọ́, nígbà tí ẹni tí a fẹ́ fi agbára mú kò bá ní ọ̀nà tí ó lè fi dáàbò bo ara rẹ̀ lásìkò náà, tàbí kí ẹni tí a fẹ́ hùwà kò tọ́ sí ó kéré jọjọ lọ́jọ́ orí.<ref name="who.int">{{cite web |title=Sexual violence chapter 6 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |date=2002 |access-date=5 December 2015 |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2002/9241545615_chap6_eng.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405175009/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2002/9241545615_chap6_eng.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="dictionary.reference.com">{{cite web |title=Rape |publisher=dictionary.reference.com |date=April 15, 2011 |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/rape}}</ref><ref name="thefreedictionary.com">{{cite web |title=Rape |publisher=legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com |date=April 15, 2011 |url=http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rape}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Petrak |editor1-first=Jenny |editor2-last=Hedge |editor2-first=Barbara|title=The Trauma of Sexual Assault Treatment, Prevention and Practice. |year=2003 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=Chichester |isbn=978-0-470-85138-8 |page=2 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=6KZfQ6cSVHoC |page=2}}}}</ref> ==Àkójọpọ̀ àkọsílẹ̀ ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ lágbày== Ẹ̀sùn ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ àti ìfìyà-jẹni lórí ìwà kò tọ́ yí yàtọ̀ sí ara wọn ní orílẹ̀-èdè sí orílẹ̀-èdè ní agbáyé. Lápapọ̀, iye àwọn ènìyàn tí a fi ẹ̀sùn ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ tí wọ́n ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2008 jẹ́ ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́eùn ún (100,000 people), láti 0.2 ní [[Azerbaijan]] sí 92.9 ní ìlú [[Botswana]] ati 6.3 ní ìlú [[Lithuania]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdá méjì (median) ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yí lágbàyé <ref name="unodc1">[http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/Sexual_violence_sv_against_children_and_rape.xls "Rape at the National Level, number of police recorded offenses".] United Nations.</ref> Nínú akójọ àkọsílẹ̀ nípa ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ lágbàyé, [[ọkùnrin]] ló sábà ma ń hùwà kò tọ́ yí sí [[obìnrin]] jùlọ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/ |title=Violence against women |website=World Health Organization |access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> ==Àwọn ìlànà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀== Ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ láti ọwọ́ àrè tàbí àlejò kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ wọ́pọ̀ nínú àwọn ẹ̀sùn yí, bí kò ṣe láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn alábàágbé tàbí aládùúgbò ẹni tí a mọ̀ dára dára. Ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ [[akọ sákọ]] tàbí [[abo sábo]] àti ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ tinú [[ọgbà ẹ̀wọ̀n]] náà jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì nínú ìlànà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ tó wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ tí wọ́n.ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ẹ̀sùn rẹ̀ jùlọ lágbàyé.<ref>[[Human Rights Watch]][https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2001/prison/report7.html#_1_48 No Escape: Male Rape In U.S. Prisons. Part VII. Anomaly or Epidemic: The Incidence of Prisoner-on-Prisoner Rape.]; estimates that 100,000–140,000 violent male-male rapes occur in U.S. prisons annually; compare with [https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/offenses/violent_crime/forcible_rape.html FBI statistics] that estimate 90,000 violent male-female rapes occur annually.</ref><ref>Robert W. Dumond, "Ignominious Victims: Effective Treatment of Male Sexual Assault in Prison," August 15, 1995, p. 2; states that "evidence suggests that [male-male sexual assault in prison] may be a staggering problem". Quoted in {{Cite book |last1=Mariner |first1=Joanne |last2=(Organization) |first2=Human Rights Watch |title=No escape: male rape in U.S. prisons |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=QkFfYfEO5IgC |page=370}} |accessdate=7 June 2010|date=2001-04-17|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-1-56432-258-6|page=370}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Struckman-Johnson |first=Cindy |author2=David Struckman-Johnson |year=2006 |title=A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interpersonal-violence_2006-12_21_12/page/1591 |journal=Journal of Interpersonal Violence |volume=21 |issue=12 |pages=1591–1615 |issn=0886-2605 |pmid=17065656 |doi=10.1177/0886260506294240}}; reports that "Greater percentages of men (70%) than women (29%) reported that their incident resulted in oral, vaginal, or anal sex. More men (54%) than women (28%) reported an incident that was classified as rape."</ref> Ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ẹlẹẹ́wẹ̀ẹ́ ni ọ̀nà lílo [[ogun]] àti [[ìsọni dohun èlò ìbálòpọ̀]] (sexual slavery). Àwọn ìlànà wọ̀nyí ló ma ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí ogun, ìjà, tàbí ìdárú-dàpọ̀ bá bẹ́ sílẹ̀ nílú kan tabi orílẹ̀-èdè kan. Àwọn ìhùwàsí yí làwọn àsìkò tí a mẹ́nu bà yí ni wọ́n ń pè ní [[ìwà ọ̀danràn tako ọmọnìyàn]] (crime against humanity) àti [[Ọ̀ràn ogun]] (war crime). ==Ìpalára tí ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ ma ń mú wá== Púpọ̀ èyàn tí wọ́n ti fipá bá lòpọ̀ lè ní [[ìpèníjà ọpọlọ]] tàbí kí wọ́n dojú kọ ìṣòro àrùn ọpọlọ lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà. <ref name="aaets">{{cite web |url=http://www.aaets.org/article178.htm |title=Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Rape Survivors |publisher=The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress |year=1995 |accessdate=2013-04-30}}</ref> Ẹ̀wẹ̀, ìpalára tó lágbara lè ṣẹlẹ̀ sí ẹni a fipá bà lòpọ̀, lẹ́yìn kí ó lóyún. Àwọn [[arùn ìàfojúrí]] tí a lè kó látara ìbálòpọ̀ lè gbabẹ̀ wọlé sí ẹni náà lára, ẹni a fipá bá lòpọ̀ tún lè ma kojú ìdókùkù-lajà láti ọwọ́ ẹni tí ó hùwà àìtọ́ yí síi, tàbí kí àwọn ẹbí ọ̀daràn ó tú ma lérí sí ẹni nà pàá pàá jùlọ nínú àṣà ilẹ̀ ibòmíràn. <ref name="zeenews.india">{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/rape-victim-threatened-to-withdraw-case-in-up_694364.html |title=Rape victim threatened to withdraw case in UP |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=2011-03-19 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref><ref name="wisemuslimwomen">{{cite web |url=http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/currentissues/stigmitizationofrape/ |title=Stigmatization of Rape & Honor Killings |publisher=WISE Muslim Women |date=2002-01-31 |accessdate=2013-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108041415/http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/currentissues/stigmitizationofrape/ |archive-date=2012-11-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{Cite newspaper |last=Harter |first=Pascale |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13760895 |title=BBC News - Libya rape victims 'face honour killings' |journal=BBC News |date=2011-06-14 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref> {{TOC limit}} ==Bí a ṣe lè dẹ́kun rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe mọ̀ wípé ìwà ìfipá báni-lòpọ̀ ń kó ìpalára bá wa ní àwọn àwùjọ wa gbogbo, ìjí gìrì sí ìdẹ́kun ìwà ọ̀daran yí ṣe pàtàkì. Ìjí gìrì yí lè dá lórí àwọn ìlàna ìsàlẹ̀ yí: # Dídábò bo ara ẹni. # Sísapá àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ elétò ìlera. # Gbígbé ìgbésẹ̀ tó nípọn àwùjọ nípa fífi ìyà tó lágbara jẹ èyí-kéyí ọ̀daràn ní gbangba. # líla awọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ọlọ́dún mẹ́wàá lọ́yẹ̀ lórí ìpalára rẹ̀, # líla awọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àgbà lọ́yẹ̀ lórí ìpalára rẹ̀, #líla awọn òṣìṣẹ́ lọ́yẹ̀ lórí ìpalára rẹ̀. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Smothers M.K. |year=2011 |title=A Sexual Assault Primary Prevention Model with Diverse Urban Youth |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-child-sexual-abuse_november-december-2011_20_6/page/708 |journal=Journal of Child Sexual Abuse |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=708–27 |pmid=22126112 |doi=10.1080/10538712.2011.622355 |last2=Smothers |first2=D. Brian}}</ref><ref name="Foubert">{{cite journal |author=Foubert J.D. |year=2000 |title=The Longitudinal Effects of a Rape-prevention Program on Fraternity Men's Attitudes, Behavioral Intent, and Behavior |url=https://apps.carleton.edu/campus/gsc/assets/1_4_Longitudinal_Effects.pdf |journal=Journal of American College Health |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=158–63 |pmid=10650733 |doi=10.1080/07448480009595691}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Vladutiu C.J. |year=2011 |title=College- or university-based sexual assault prevention programs: a review of program outcomes, characteristics, and recommendations |journal=Trauma, Violence, and Abuse |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=67–86 |pmid=21196436 |doi=10.1177/1524838010390708 |display-authors=etal }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=10520434 |volume=19 |issue=7 |title=Sexual assault prevention programs: current issues, future directions, and the potential efficacy of interventions with women |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-psychology-review_1999-11_19_7/page/739 |date=November 1999 |vauthors=Yeater EA, O'Donohue W |journal=Clin Psychol Rev |pages=739–71 |doi=10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00075-0|citeseerx=10.1.1.404.3130 }}</ref> <ref name="Foubert" /><ref>{{cite journal |author=Garrity S.E. |year=2011 |title=Sexual assault prevention programs for college-aged men: A critical evaluation |journal=Journal of Forensic Nursing |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=40–8 |pmid=21348933 |doi=10.1111/j.1939-3938.2010.01094.x}}</ref><ref>Sorenson SB, Joshi M, Sivitz E. Knowing a sexual assault victim or perpetrator: A stratified random sample of undergraduates at one university. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2014; 29: 394-416</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} bbi8tlusdr6ubokws8frsk5xmhceqzh Oníṣe:GerardM/Nigerian hospitals 2 69523 631998 630592 2026-08-19T12:05:15Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 631998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917; wdt:P17 wd:Q1033. } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q48809477|Oluyoro Catholic Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.387394|3.911728|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101541850|Wushishi General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.72236|6.111299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101547951|Dental Centre Oyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.8735|3.932|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101550438|Ajebandele Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.608746|3.881459|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552119|Atorin Primary Hearth Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.581381|4.736379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552201|Ayegunle-Olowu Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ile iwosan gbangba ni Atakumosa East Local Govt Area, Osun State | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.564541|4.78845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552251|Arowojobe Primary Health Care Center]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.36942|4.962537|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552277|Fajuke Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.38692|4.976752|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552376|Itaapa Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.478106|4.752311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552400|Faforiji Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.283662|4.716614|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552422|Owode Primary Heath Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.77763|3.21474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552436|Goloko Cottage Hospital]]'' | Mediacal Hospital | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.80835|6.734732|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552472|Kajola Bowaje Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.792869|4.639676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552492|Odo-Ijesa Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.545849|4.397832|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552530|Primary Health Centre Ibodi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.936352|4.664541|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552616|Iwikun Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.598841|4.717783|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552755|Lawaye Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.621043|4.821458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552790|Ayetoro Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.004644|4.974811|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552800|Iwara Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.531182|4.726212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101553965|General Hospital Abudu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.336011|6.033707|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178060|El Bethel Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.832425|3.631859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102244765|Wellrose Medical Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.435586|3.468991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105840203|FaithCity Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.547324|3.330477|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105946393|Olanrewanju Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.488436|4.568492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956044|Life hospital Awka]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.228255|7.10681|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Life International Hospital, Awka.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957077|Zion Uque Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.524863|3.232233|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958458|Bwari medical center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.276762|7.37695|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Bwari Medical Centre.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q105961100|Cedamb Medical Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.131894|7.494012|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105961112|ZOPUTA CLINIC AND MATERNITY]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.150759|7.349267|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105962432|AMANDA HOSPITAL]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.508424|7.037153|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110321696|National Orthopedic Hospital Dala Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.020349|8.503107|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111913823|Gombe State Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.289478|10.288253|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:A&E Specialist hospital Gombe, Gombe STATE Nigeria.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q112073686|Nigeria Customs Service Medical Centre, Kano state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.022933|8.519054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112187581|National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Ningi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.100491|9.576263|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112336220|School of Basic Midwifery, AEFUTHA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.322356|8.093244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939197|Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.736386|8.517648|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113517239|Vision Capital Eye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.45306|3.39583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113553875|Shreya Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.548351|3.143876|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114184154|DAULA HOSPITAL & MATERNITY HOME]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.162861|6.674554|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114184750|AJIKO MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.748998|11.963144|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185205|CITY CLINICS JALINGO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.90768|11.391982|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185703|SAINT JUDE’S MEDICAL CLINIC & OUR LADY OF FATIMAH MATERNITY HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.848121|7.064439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185759|FEDERAL LOW COST CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.873713|8.845339|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968329|Ofure Clinic & Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.735701|6.13769|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115051662|Rainbow hospital abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.011435|7.472766|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115080571|Q115080571]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.059911|7.41644|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115085773|Viewpoint hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.091007|7.410098|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123074421|Gamadukan Asibitin Dutsinma]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.414467|7.069908|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123364865|Jekadafari Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.286058|11.160593|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123472528|Excellence Clinics And maternity]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.963713|8.588402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125891872|Zoputa Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.031583|8.535009|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959559|General Hospital, Ahoada]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.0964|6.6435|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125989070|Ayegunle comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.894233|5.004641|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126195686|Komala Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.89184|4.707789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378387|Al-ameen Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.97122|8.560567|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378392|Ivory Clinical and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.97122|8.560567|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378396|Cottage Comprehensive Health Center Wudil.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.971981|8.247515|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378403|Cottage Comprehensive Health Center Bompai. Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.505299|7.066997|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378405|Godiya Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.940876|8.563389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378406|Excellence Clinic & Maternity Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.976606|8.563233|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378410|Lafiya Surgery]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.020683|8.53673|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378411|Federal Collage of Education Clinic, Bichi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.226923|8.215494|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378413|Pinnacle Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.960742|8.534712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378416|Sharada Industrial Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.969248|8.511982|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128837313|Teaching hospital Amaku]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.22535|7.078761|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128838361|New life hospital, Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.219375|7.08628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128841011|Obiọma Maternity Hospital, Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.039993|6.935889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128846023|Mac-Donald Hospital, Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.2151|7.0764|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128848354|Sauki Hospital, Lafia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.501794|8.526369|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128853094|Umuebeke Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.10727|7.36345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128859970|Melly Logo Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.419302|7.083799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128881519|Igwebuike Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.41111|7.37401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128881850|Ndiegoro Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.0893|7.3682|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128883659|Ohazu I Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.09966|7.37595|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128884171|Shammah Christian Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.37633|5.09666|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128884394|St. Benard Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.930045|8.903933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128884574|Our Lady Of Sick Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.4321|5.1453|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128884854|Agu Foundation Hosptial]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.37517|5.09852|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128885098|Aba School Of Health Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.102174|7.380229|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128885205|Iheorji health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.380127|5.075317|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128885695|Frank Agu Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.08223|7.478174|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128885838|Get Well Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.981177|8.465736|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128885976|Fazal Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|30.025436|71.774771|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128886306|Eluohazu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.334857|5.073801|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128886663|Elshaddai Christian Hospital/Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.124787|6.801804|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128886859|Deensel Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.9743|8.5284|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128887041|Divine Mercy Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.146499|3.374387|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128887240|Umuogele Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.377319|5.079285|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128887690|Adonis Christy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.1|7.35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128887793|Abundance Life Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.613788|5.209928|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128887951|Ado Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.36078|5.09222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128888102|Chief Ogumka Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.420413|7.086655|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128888236|Clehanson Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.111481|7.359598|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128892575|Divine Favour Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.0785|7.3312|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128899196|Uhuolugho PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.9737|7.3911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903440|Bugawa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.01633|8.57245|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904427|Chosen Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.426693|7.094702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904749|Tungar Lada Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.428513|7.09592|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908690|Ijeoma Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.128333|7.41025|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128915492|Labondo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.369106|12.402264|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128923968|The Lords Foundation Hospital & Maternity Ugwunchara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.3722|5.5838|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128930246|Victory Hospital (Ekenobizi)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.53834|7.49702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128948806|Agwuawuru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.3673|7.6743|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128950011|Ngada Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.9791|7.4393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128988939|Nodinga Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.505348|7.066952|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128989957|Gangwokki Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.505309|7.066977|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997881|Amachara General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.54043|7.45655|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128998097|Wuro-Hausa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.20646|12.49997|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129008293|Yava Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.03|7.92|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129008591|University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.979126|7.403687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129008943|ST VINCENT GRACE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129009521|QUICK HEALTH SPEACIALIST]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.5197|7.5026|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129012530|Priscilla Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.535095|7.496277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129015907|Nsukwe Primary Health Centr]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.429347|7.097469|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129021217|Umuhu Ezechi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129056902|Dennis Blessing Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.53276|7.49512|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129057319|FOUNTAINS HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.113465|7.376746|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129058624|MARGARET HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129106014|Mopol Barracks Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.93614|7.48539|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167849|Bajaule Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.177917|13.223511|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168795|Amiyi Uhu Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.7607|7.4732|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170154|Kiri Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|3.770434|31.635021|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129246049|Madonna Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.71152|7.73449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130216407|Bawan Dodo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.629318|9.067546|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130465682|Cadarcrest Hospital Ltd, Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.992872|7.487123|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130466219|Gombe Federal Medical Centre, Gombe State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.25|11.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130467127|Myyetti Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.199895|11.187575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130468072|Dan Fodiyo Essential Health & Herbal Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.283333|11.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130468139|DOMA Hospital, Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.28825|11.18206|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Doma Hospital 01.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q130476015|Bauchi Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.8401|9.8204|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130476152|Katagum General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.2881|10.34459|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130487077|St Marys Hospital - Isunjaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.283306|11.166694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130487121|St Jude's Hospital - Orlu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.283306|11.166694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130489358|Sabana Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.299222|11.150833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130504797|STEVENSON MEDICARE LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.789264|7.039851|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130505166|Bunu Model Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.427266|7.098813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130505200|Bara-Ale Model Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.7645|7.0142|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130541844|Garkuwa Specialist Hospital in Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.554842|7.450319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130545649|NNANA CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.414275|7.069893|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130548855|Soku Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|41.8|34.033|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130548937|Ataba Model Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.4714|7.4208|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130549051|Akaradi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.54924|7.43916|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130611114|Unyengala Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.414452|7.069967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130611119|Oronija Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.414427|7.069998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130611151|Egwede Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.414481|7.069959|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131825625|Mother and Child Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.833549|7.006944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838858|Bee-Hess Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.602084|3.305532|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838887|Blooming Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.685092|3.274124|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|6.685225|3.274118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838896|Brubert Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.6179|3.3209|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838928|Christ Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.443384|3.368695|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838935|Continental Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.530457|3.362687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838947|Dolu Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.559919|3.336755|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838963|HealingTouch Royal Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.521084|3.318865|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838967|House of Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.602803|3.354189|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838973|Isioma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.50753|3.34624|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838977|Mayriamville Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.488352|3.360374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838989|Muskat Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.461637|3.153772|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838994|Nature Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.531149|3.347824|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839002|Providence Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.441207|3.420083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839007|Rotfol Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.51094|3.352563|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839015|Smith Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.485963|3.368853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839028|St. Charles Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.510424|3.355954|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839037|Tai Oworu Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.539968|3.371174|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839128|The Roding Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.42929|3.439482|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839143|Tin Can Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.446156|3.326728|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839155|Veteran Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.524886|3.368205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839159|Zolace Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.504813|3.351196|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839244|TAAL Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.605182|3.341034|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839256|The Pennisula Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.450575|3.554314|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839264|LivingHeart Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.44626|3.542047|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839271|Adequate Medcare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.478615|3.705879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839844|Citizen Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.444377|3.416994|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839853|Dako Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.447681|3.323592|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839878|El-Dunamis Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.593574|3.240937|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839894|Emmanuelle Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.549616|3.268498|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839897|Family Health Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.517181|3.361174|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131839918|First Foundation Healthcare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.590022|3.360615|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840000|First Link Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.524388|3.379238|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840015|Ilogbo Central Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.464874|3.152574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840023|Ituah Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.472671|3.279434|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840031|Jity Medical Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.528092|3.324567|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840061|Mount Sinai Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.510522|3.353932|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840067|Onyems-B-Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.459973|3.20328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840076|Pacific Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.683085|3.309272|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840092|Prince And Princess Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.604945|3.285956|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840098|Rao Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.510735|3.356943|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840122|Saint Francois Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.444814|3.415067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840255|St. Ives Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.590299|3.362838|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131840264|Vineyard Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.570132|3.28987|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131842445|Katis Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.605836|3.506984|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131843516|Arthrimed Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.580594|3.347054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131843534|Bose Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.524806|3.323096|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131843542|Crystal Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.602552|3.306428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131843550|Elegbeleye Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.603965|3.382081|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131843558|Elphy Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.469047|3.194384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131843564|Farri Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.455486|3.405004|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131843566|Goodseed Specialist Clinics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.548888|3.328327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131844199|Idowu Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.587589|3.373845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131844213|Jefis Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.684504|3.274504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131844219|Libra Specialists Hospitals & Clinics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.503037|3.350142|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131844226|LifeCare Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.595665|3.385999|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131844238|Lifecrest Medical Services Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.453406|3.389402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131844245|Olive Multi-specialists Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.439963|3.469896|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131844264|Ufuoma Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.447664|3.336371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131845234|Childkid Children Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.572152|3.393543|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131845248|Life Line Children Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.503514|3.351582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131845269|Mother & Child Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.44805|3.418039|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131845288|Blue Sky Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.543695|3.275936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131845308|Kupa Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.549657|3.332557|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131845516|Liberty Life Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.558785|3.344661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131846525|Lifefort Children's Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.521524|3.364318|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131846876|Massey Street Children's Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.455|3.392222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131847068|Neo Childcare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.493521|3.355218|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131847140|Outreach Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.645552|3.323368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131847283|Shammah Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.469865|3.347725|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131847358|Syban Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.472486|3.344857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131847443|The Children's Practice Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.442119|3.422432|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131858060|Alimosho General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.561358|3.25135|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131858122|Lagos State General Hospital Mushin]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.508542|3.357596|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131858155|Yabatech Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.519543|3.376477|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131858201|Deseret Eye Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.574906|3.355228|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131902670|Western Eye Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.429|3.418|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131902855|The Ocularist Eye Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.603805|3.281704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131902957|Sightcity Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.426507|3.430382|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903178|Procare Vision Eye Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.503529|3.376654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903189|Pietros Eye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.669552|3.280106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903341|Maja Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.448777|3.406232|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131926906|Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.843358|5.1877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133190102|University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.243158|5.199938|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133294695|Emel Hospital.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.475619|3.289548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295953|Gozie Specialist Hospital-Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.145125|6.79196|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295958|Living spring hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.125553|6.78218|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133393448|Restoration specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133461451|St Valery Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.134947|4.261256|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133804056|University of illorin teaching hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.54004|4.648177|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133804077|Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.731028|5.377271|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133885673|Federal Medical Centre, Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.145365|6.80756|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133885682|Federal Medical Centre, Mubi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.234181|12.946522|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133885683|Federal Medical Centre, Wase]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.21106|6.712284|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476067|St.Charles Borromew Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.132952|6.792418|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476118|Ayoka memorial dental clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.490246|4.600151|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476387|Aire dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.500408|3.338615|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134692987|Mbierebe Akpawat Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.97713|7.97713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698634|Ikot Akpan Abia Nigeria Police Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.414416|7.069945|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134700380|Iwuokpom-Opolom Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.91877|7.91877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134729754|Ifesowapo-Arigidi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.543609|5.775152|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135686895|Yobe State Specialist Hospital Gasua]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.74701|11.966208|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136537012|Ifejola Specialist Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.30077|6.11304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724435|Ohielewu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|7.238396|7.149932|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136756084|Biu General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|10.6111|12.195|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136756228|Damasak General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|13.093924|12.505375|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136881658|General Hospital Nangere]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.856355|11.07386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136882139|General Hospital Fika]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|11.279927|11.305513|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136893012|General Hospital Yunusari]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|13.09413|12.1037|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136893061|General Hospital Gashua]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|12.874328|11.027044|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137169547|Health and Human Services Hospital Management Board]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.044065|7.502471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137196047|Damaturu Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|8.914964|6.691562|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386299|NAVY MEDICAL CENTRE CALABAR]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.972144|8.329466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137737821|Etinan General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.84355|7.855814|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137851335|ROUZ HOSPITAL AND MATERNITY LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|9.001083|7.479516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139731883|Rock foundation hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.217917|7.064125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139731889|HEALTH POST ISIAKU ISUOFIA]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.027004|7.042608|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|6.026927|7.042396|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139731897|OUR LADY OF LOURDES HOSPITAL IHIALA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.778096|6.869089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139731971|PHC Ekwulobia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|6.043366|7.079401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140429754|Model Primary Health Care Centre, Aluu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|4.933378|6.94116|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Model Primary Health Care Center Aluu.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q140644754|New Era Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | {{Coord|5.107565|7.379062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140865351|Adoration Hospital & Maternity LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Adoration Hospital and Maternity Okparagwa.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q114661549|Adek Hospital ,Osun]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gbọ̀ngàn Ife|Aarin Gbungbun Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ife, ni Ipinle Osun, Orile Ede, Nigeria 🇳🇬]] | {{Coord|7.48649|4.545726|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114671493|Ayojide Pharmaceutical Company]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gbọ̀ngàn Ife|Aarin Gbungbun Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ife, ni Ipinle Osun, Orile Ede, Nigeria 🇳🇬]] | {{Coord|7.562933|4.520068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30254043|Federal Teaching hospital Abakaliki]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.331185|8.107153|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105534030|Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.332722|8.108228|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114940014|BETHEL HOSPITAL, EBONYI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.312463|8.123072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114940110|CHRIST THE KING HOSPITAL, EBONYI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.311095|8.10281|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114940603|FELIX MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.326661|8.120482|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114940844|ST. THERESA'S HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.483068|7.521372|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133648536|General Hospital Elinwobvu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | [[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.210487|8.112876|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098766|Giwa Hospital & Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q106698011|Abakpa]]'' | {{Coord|10.501546|7.440859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128861696|Morning Star Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59678315|Abia South]]'' | {{Coord|6.485219|7.51934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128893129|Ndukwe Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59678315|Abia South]]'' | {{Coord|5.097839|7.371179|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109666606|State Specialist Hospital, Amachara Abia.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.540832|7.455997|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128796653|Aba Holy Wounds Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.121247|7.353801|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128833425|Goodness & Mercy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.115906|7.34552|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128835014|Zurmi Town Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|12.77914|6.78393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128836042|Powerline Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.10791|7.337891|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128836789|Ivory Specialist Hospital Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.113892|7.340881|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128836808|king well hospital and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12678|7.35807|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128836842|Industrial Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1236|7.3702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128837184|Eziama Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12793|7.364502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128837499|Family Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.126192|7.355037|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128837771|Asa-Okpulor II Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.267201|7.345342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128837777|El-Asamen Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.120483|7.358887|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128838140|Saint Faith hospital and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.338074|7.364502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128838164|chinwendu clinic and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12943|7.3396|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128838245|St Eugene Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.411397|7.069047|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128838433|Umuneator Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.739509|7.451617|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128838678|Nnadozie Hospital/ Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.118717|7.358399|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128838815|Asaokpuaja Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0768|7.3741|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128840677|Asaokpulor1 PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07329|7.33015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128840825|Euna Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12019|7.35312|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128841535|Berma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1073|7.348877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128841659|Umuokennunu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0537|7.345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128841816|Umunneato Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12162|7.36078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128841999|Ukwumango Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.414165|7.069929|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128842610|Mother Of Mercy Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11802|7.413795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128842862|Impact Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11821|7.38946|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128842886|Uratta Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1151|7.3341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128843919|Ogbosisi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.414424|7.069841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128844970|Isaac Okwuonu memorial hospital /maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.113281|7.39209|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128845537|Gods Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.10049|7.371355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128846578|Nissi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12165|7.38187|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128846589|Kelechi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.088429|7.332775|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128846958|Olive Hospital and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12063|7.35882|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128847380|Unilever Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.517361|7.501578|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128847773|Zikora h Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.114319|7.389893|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128847918|Presto Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.476086|7.547745|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128848417|Nigerian Breweries Plc Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.121217|7.375152|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128848727|Blessed heaven hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12047|7.38119|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128849010|Ndubuisi Hospital/Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12142|7.35308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128849033|Umuosi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.860074|7.299797|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128849725|Mercy Hospital abia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128850167|M & M Hospital/Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.108133|7.355282|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128850775|Eberechukwu Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.402062|7.481812|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128851345|ozuitem health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6333|7.5667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128852230|Ebenma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11731|7.384094|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128854378|Ellion Hospital clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12081|7.38138|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128854643|Chidima Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.433097|6.999501|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128854826|Chinnedu Clinic & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12106|7.35815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128855524|Chidinma Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.43309|7.004287|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128855793|Umuola Okpulo1! Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.124329|7.381714|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128855900|Group Medical Practice/maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.111694|7.393677|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128856852|Ogbor Hill Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.113525|7.387329|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128856953|Umuola Egbelu Health Primary Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12796|7.38171|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128857666|Pepple'S Road Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.13511|7.36798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128857695|MC hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.108276|7.355286|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128858566|Ukwuodara Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|12.20337|7.87639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128858589|Reagents specialist hospital /maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.06762|7.23483|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128859407|Ukwudara Health Post]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128860200|Seventh Day Adventist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.124116|7.386658|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128860496|Monac Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.107276|7.349483|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128860978|Mont Zion Christain Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0878|7.3488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128861594|Afoma Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.13|7.414444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128865062|St. Augustus Hopital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128867100|Umuaku Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07743|7.36083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128867919|Umunkwulo Umuagbai Comprehensive Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.078491|7.352478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128868764|General Hospital Arochukwu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.388535|7.911696|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128869241|Ozu Abam Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.59613|7.747681|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128871944|Umunnato General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.726074|7.630493|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128872774|Pricess Mary Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.124103|7.393751|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128873472|orienz specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.136778|7.401944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128874818|Kahabiri Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1|7.35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128875432|Umuogor Health Phc]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07994|7.330074|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128876061|OSOKE PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07824|7.36777|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128876812|Theresa'S Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.114685|7.354919|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128877095|Osusu Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.112703|7.335792|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128877413|Amakpoke phc]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|6.01263|7.36685|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128877696|Osusu 11 Primary health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11273|7.37785|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128878259|Umudii Umuaku Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.992676|7.358704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128878901|Ugwuawuru Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.593|7.2742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128880334|Austin Graces Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.117126|7.362671|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128880939|Angels of Mercy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.124084|7.354919|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128889136|Asaokpuaja Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0768|7.3741|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128890783|Umuola Okpulor 2 Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Aba]] | {{Coord|5.131253|7.38556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128890798|St Luke Health Post]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128891526|Touch Health Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Aba]] | {{Coord|5.12249|7.343957|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128892652|Tina Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Aba]] | {{Coord|5.132272|7.367324|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128894077|Osusu 1 Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11273|7.35785|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128894344|New Generation Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.118949|7.351609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128894792|Ngozika Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.249666|7.326669|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128895160|Nnamdi hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.433151|7.00424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128895780|Ohaeri Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.42959|7.096345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128896082|Oleka Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.165608|7.305629|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|5.16562|7.305692|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128896534|Onyebuchi Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128896838|Onyedikachi Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|6.109545|6.765955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128897387|Amaeke Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9868|7.35015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128898378|Chekwas Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.108792|7.374518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128898567|Chazokam Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Aba]] | {{Coord|7.328941|5.099423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128898981|Marc Rose Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|7.3781|5.0876|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128899013|Obuda Ward Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11491|7.37411|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128899215|Martin Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.823822|7.01571|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128899404|Lords Golden Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128900245|Uhuolughu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9737|7.3911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128900401|Amorie Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9645|7.3963|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128900523|Newlife Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.117493|7.349304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128901183|Sam Memorial Hospital/Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128901217|Evergreen Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Aba]] | {{Coord|5.1203|7.353271|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128901940|Umuokpara Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.988708|7.426514|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128902177|Rosevine Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.12126|7.38188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128902669|Umudim Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9122|7.3747|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903175|Akporo Achara Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1012|7.3353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903775|Osoke Amato Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.065674|7.334106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903925|Ugwuakuma Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.412292|7.911926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903930|Padora Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903957|Uru-Lokpaukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.93966|7.4302|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904050|Umuobasi PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|6.0314|7.382|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904093|Perpetual Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.151467|7.33533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904094|Utughaugwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.45759|7.88921|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904103|Petra Hospital (Ngwa Ii)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.06925|7.33001|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904109|St Anthony'S Hospital (Arochukwu)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.393127|7.886475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904137|Phoenix Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.126491|7.340681|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904168|Plescher Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.10677|7.38129|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904185|Amorji Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|6.5198|7.525113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904207|Obinolu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.952087|7.38431|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904211|Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Aba]] | {{Coord|5.114712|7.373625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904231|Primary Health Care Centre Amaufuru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.06274|7.30663|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904236|OLD GRA HEALTH POST]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Aba]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904239|The Great Emmanuel Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.967102|7.387329|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904290|Harmony Hospital Aba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904292|Progress Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.091064|7.387553|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904293|Umucha Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.997925|7.387085|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904305|Faith Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.09694|7.3609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904327|Chimdinma Greenlife Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0962|7.363806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904338|Obilagu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904356|Umuchieze PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9262|7.421|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904366|Bethel Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.097306|7.354306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904384|Amara Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.577913|7.320734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904409|Aba Ukwu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.06538|7.32586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904457|St. Joseph Catholic Hospital, Ohabia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.072083|7.338074|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904459|Talata Mafara Orphan and less Privilege]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904687|St Jude Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.076294|7.336914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904828|Ramas Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.141843|7.344243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905137|Our Saviour Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.38762|7.48654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905189|Reachest Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905442|Eluohazu Ward Primary Health Centre,Asaeme]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07834|7.38298|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905571|Rhema Clinic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.075093|7.355377|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905924|Mbala PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|6.01846|7.39466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905936|Rheum Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128906241|Romans Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.280057|7.366872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128906378|Kelechi Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.33313|5.089294|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128906625|Sacramento Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128906984|Sacred Heart Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907119|Jonex Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.505314|7.066983|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907277|Ekeoha Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1072|7.368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907440|Salvation Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.505331|7.067105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907725|Jone Christ Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.505316|7.067034|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907861|Jim Dora Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907935|Ngodo Health Centre (Umunn)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.95716|7.39315|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908014|Sancta Maria Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.113615|7.377003|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908026|J.T. Hospital And Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908353|Shabia Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.09663|7.37635|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908373|Good Shepherd Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908532|Health Gate Clinic And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|6.685055|3.325174|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908743|Shalom Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.142433|7.344308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908940|Macro Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.355286|5.108276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128909056|Slim Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128909126|Light Of God Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128909386|St. Agnes Clinic And Maternity]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128909707|St. Andrew Hospital & Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128910114|St. Anthony Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.10131|7.37867|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128910599|St. Frances Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128910611|Asa Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0633|7.3515|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128910845|St. Partrick Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.794635|7.014113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128911103|Lomara Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.931885|7.360291|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128911173|Temple Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.087952|7.34877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128911604|The Apostolic Church Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128911742|Ngwa Road End Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.09876|7.38445|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912097|Springs Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11244|7.37603|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912120|The Nazareth Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912256|Helina Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912341|Aba Holy Wounds Hospita]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11445|7.34134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912551|Umuogorosoke Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912881|Ugochukwu Maternity Home And Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912888|Nazareth Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11095|7.37581|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128913788|Ugo Unity And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128913926|Tricoma Christain Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128914110|Ucheoma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128914250|Uchendu Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.477884|7.03354|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128914531|Amannagwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|7.899475|5.3797|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128915027|Obinkita Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.888672|5.387878|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128915307|God Blessed]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.90446|5.39943|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128915403|Maternal And Child Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1147|7.37362|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128916138|Chees Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.10758|7.376307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128917655|Ekeoma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11226|5.11226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128918752|The Presbyterian]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|6.046992|7.75527|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128919609|Harvey Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.113005|7.376157|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128920108|Nkenna Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.524475|7.4953|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128920572|Nnorom Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.526917|7.496277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128921002|Obioma Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.526917|7.496277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128921501|Okpjiaku Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0954|7.3462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128921834|Omega Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.536682|7.492126|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128922085|Obinolu Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.95196|7.38424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128923011|Sunshine Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.514586|7.501654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128923999|Eziukwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1009|7.37335|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128925393|Ohazu II Health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.09966|7.37595|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128925762|Akawa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9345|7.2963|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128926038|Idima Abam Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Arochukwu]] | {{Coord|5.543792|7.703688|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128926151|St. James Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.12901|7.312054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128926584|Vinific Hospital And Metanity.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4965|7.5026|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128927166|Youth Network On Hiv/Aids]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.932095|6.282134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128927456|Lokpanta Basic Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.985|7.4618|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128927537|Isiama Afara Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.516724|7.486328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128934117|Ohazu 4 Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.179023|7.493079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128934393|Aro-Ajatakiri Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3954|7.5206|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128934633|Miracle Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128934871|Chinwe Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.096313|7.366089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128935141|Blessing Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128935362|Amaogbonna Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1113|7.3619|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128935505|Leru Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.91459|7.41057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128935844|Onyemaechi Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1|7.35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128936004|Lady Anasthasia Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.110786|7.360551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128936532|Ikechukwu Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1085|7.3523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128936537|Lekwesi PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9609|7.4596|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128937381|Ezingodo PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9708|7.3845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128938325|Umuobi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.97168|7.283691|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128942736|AMAZING GRACE CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.115261|7.342173|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128943450|Nwadike Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128943956|Amuzukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.542908|7.50708|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128944071|Mendel Hospital And Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.107727|7.362122|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128945021|Victory Christian Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0955|7.3629|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128945619|Anaelechi Hospital & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.47707|7.45956|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128946024|FAMILY CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.126243|7.355084|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128946628|GOD HEALS CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.125978|7.356892|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128946677|St Paul'S Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.092285|7.354492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128947247|Nneato Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9488|7.301|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128947400|LIFE GATE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128948097|PPFN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128949459|EziamaNnneato PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9709|7.3008|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128951049|Isuochi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9924|7.3996|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128951710|Umuelem Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9729|7.413086|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128953594|Obulo PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9163|7.3118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128973299|John Okorie Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.089478|7.352905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128973741|Mary'S Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.505385|7.067083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128974078|Alayi Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7258|7.5948|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128974611|Agboakoli Alayi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7409|7.5952|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128975137|Ukwuakwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.431091|7.909302|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128975701|Uche Chukwu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.442688|7.909485|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128976179|Obiene Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4107|7.9218|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128976831|Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.4215|7.9159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128977743|Amakofia Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.4266|7.900696|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128978298|Abuma Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.4256|7.9143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128979329|College Of Education Technical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Arochukwu]] | {{Coord|5.378251|7.910268|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128979532|Asasa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.3987|7.8819|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128979844|Ndi-Oji Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.566954|7.738429|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128981953|Ugwuavo Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.398071|7.893127|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128982279|Aroikpa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9252|7.2778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128983798|Amuvi Model health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.41402|7.8725|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128986617|Amuru Abam Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.61622|7.74657|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128987202|Obieze Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.419678|7.9505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128988968|Isu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.41588|7.95607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128989372|Asaga Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.398682|7.881897|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128989620|Umuzomgbo Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.45777|7.88912|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128990336|Umuye Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.47229|7.89032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128990489|Umuokereke Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4767|7.50803|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128993153|Uburu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.44219|7.88137|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128993263|Amata Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6982|7.4245|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128993331|Amuzu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.487305|7.427307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128994151|Atani Basic Health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.414429|7.069914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128994584|Amakama PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.46678|7.4812|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995509|Ibom Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.38189|7.89573|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995511|Obichie Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.461304|7.880676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995739|Ndiagwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.531924|7.748181|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995763|Zenith Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.539596|7.496867|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995767|Ndi Okpo Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.471924|7.878723|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995788|El-Shaddai Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53743|7.49034|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995795|Ihie Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9846|7.4215|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996036|Life Essential Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53929|7.49397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996332|Aduanu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.3836|7.8947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996549|Amamiri Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.497314|7.883118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996586|ABBA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5255|7.4941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996605|Mercy Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.481506|7.885681|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996639|ADELABU CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996727|All Saint Maternity And Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53208|7.49567|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996928|Amuda General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53208|7.49567|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996973|Iheabata Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9979|7.3871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997061|St Anthony'S Hospital (Amuda)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.101139|7.381333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997100|Unity Enugu Extension Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|6.432531|7.518818|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997170|Ezioba Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.97442|7.30416|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997235|Amaorji Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9497|7.4305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997242|0bilagu lokpanta health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997255|obiagu health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.9128|7.4784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128999887|Amafia/Amaetiti Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4934|7.8978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129003690|CHRIST SPEACIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5401|7.4986|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129004178|CONQUEST HOSPITAL& MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5125|7.4912|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129007367|Umuoparaozara Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4766|7.50903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129008940|Atan Ihe Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.457092|7.877319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129009559|Ndi Okorie Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.548532|7.773131|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129009715|Umutowe Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4708|7.50719|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129010058|Atani Abam Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.50333|7.77154|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129012130|Amizi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.465698|7.501282|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129013382|Ndiawa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.96977|7.40502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129013623|umuajia Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129013667|Umuajaja Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129014548|Umuobia Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.48923|7.48374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129015372|Chidiadi Access Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.514282|7.498718|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129015876|Umuogo Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129016209|Amaibo Health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7681|7.4984|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129017493|Nkpakpi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.43484|7.91841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129018334|Umunnato Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.695894|5.758798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129018814|Chijioke Osogho Methodist Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.7022|5.7609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129019279|Amaekpu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.7149|5.7855|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129019335|Eleoha Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.434692|7.916321|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129019658|Umuisi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.551188|5.701314|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129019994|Amankalu Igbere Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.665|5.7078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129020234|Mikky Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129020280|Amaukwu Igbere Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.669495|5.703308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129020538|Amaiyi Igbere Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.6459|5.6817|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129020786|Okafia Ultra Modern Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.644833|5.693161|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129021129|Ndielu Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.79088|7.60971|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129021172|Igbere Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.656241|5.709918|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129021201|Royal Cross Methodist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.80294|7.61416|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129021286|Health Office Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.38558|7.91326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129021676|Standard Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.637775|5.558367|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129022403|ARO USA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.382|7.90031|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129023762|Okoroenyi Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.60157|5.50824|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024120|EtitiUlo Health Post Pr]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.644583|5.537533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024308|Winners Family Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.236133|7.359728|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024422|Bende Ovu Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.634506|5.555515|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024487|Wimpole Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1103|7.375|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024693|Bende Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.63633|5.56001|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024860|Uzoma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024876|Agbamuzu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.62348|5.55758|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129025204|Isiaku Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.603235|5.695465|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129025504|Ezinne Model Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.601364|5.721568|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129025529|Uwalaka Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.111084|7.360474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129025915|Amankalu Alayi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.6064|5.7088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129026238|Umuenyere Alayi Primary Health Care Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.61845|5.72986|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129026319|Union Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129026559|Okagwe Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129028657|ukwuodara Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129031151|Umuigu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129031509|Ariam Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3385|7.619806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129045768|Ubibia Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.512369|7.639961|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129046392|St. Nicholas Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.533938|7.687536|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129046795|Okopedi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.484465|7.685|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129047260|Ntubi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.502858|7.638363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129047680|Ndiwo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.50068|7.68548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129048153|Amaokwe Item Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7534|7.6684|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129048715|Okai Item Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8193|7.6753|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129049104|Akanu Model Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7929|7.6831|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129049841|Oriendu Health POST]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129049872|Okoko Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.736904|7.632185|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129050358|Ntalakwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.447377|7.684972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129051135|Okpuhu Nkpa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.66363|7.50867|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129051614|Amaegbuato Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6641|7.479145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129052137|Ugwunkpa Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.62851|7.462239|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129052602|Isiegbu Ozuitem Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6479|7.6071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129053418|Mba Ozuitem Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6132|7.6136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129053960|Umuobasiukwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.601724|7.605357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129054506|Amaba Ugwueke Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8221|7.6243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129055316|Ezeukwu Pimary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.808651|7.566152|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129055953|Ameke Abam Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Arochukwu]] | {{Coord|5.594299|7.676086|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129056436|Ndi Ebe Abam Health Facility]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Arochukwu]] | {{Coord|5.61625|7.71796|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129056676|Akoli Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6662|7.555|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129057162|Ihim Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4693|7.5712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129058018|Umuokwe Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6476|7.6796|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129058124|Azuiyi health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.36714|7.5178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129058313|Ndi Okereke Abam Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.48233|7.79702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129058626|Amoji Lodu Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6241|7.5293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129058855|Ekpiri Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.39661|7.56912|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129059174|Lodu Imenyi Primary Health CARE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6379|7.5379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129059551|Lohum Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6493|7.55371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129059869|Iberenta Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.447876|7.606323|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129060399|Iyalu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4476|7.5985|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129060636|Itu-Nta Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4491|7.6374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129061371|Ngwugwo Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4408|7.5865|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129061873|FOUNTAINS HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129062405|Nkalunta Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.46894|7.56338|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129062776|Umuahala Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129063089|Obuohia Ibere Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.333923|7.58429|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129063387|Umuelechi Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9184|7.2113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129063597|Ikemba Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3411|7.6462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129064320|Umuitor Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9204|7.2196|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129065372|Amawom Outreach Unit]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.463928|7.558716|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129065649|Our Lady Of Apostle Maternity Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56772|7.45739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129066002|Oloko Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3731|7.5243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129067295|Umukabia Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.606079|7.460327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129067928|Michael Okpara University Of Agriculture Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.48164|7.54369|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129067967|Ekeoba Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.57937|7.44493|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129067969|Umudike Ukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.547913|5.469727|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129068210|Amaba Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.5405|5.4548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129068425|Oboro Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4312|7.5696|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129068765|Amaogwugwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.60064|7.44775|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129069576|Okwe Health Centre Primary Public]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4238|7.5725|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129074057|isiala health clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4052|7.5661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129076959|Okporoenyi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.709918|7.656241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129077426|Tb & Leprosy Referal Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.655093|7.538967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129077734|Ngwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.66632|7.55499|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129078570|Ihite Ude Ofeme Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6328|7.43523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129078610|Nkechi Colwill Methodist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.65445|7.5403|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129079526|Achama Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6311|7.5604|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129079918|Tochi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.63261|7.56117|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080028|AL-PRINCE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.50208|7.4978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080910|Ohandu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.88527|7.33765|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129081052|Uzuakoli Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6251|7.5619|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129081756|Umugbalu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4522|7.5621|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129082575|Linda Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129082799|Comprehensive Health Centre (Fmc)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.40861|7.54626|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129083200|Christian Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.380493|7.533325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084724|Umuezeama Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084890|Nnono Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.42503|7.5424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084972|MARANATHA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085025|UWAOMA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085118|POLICE CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085170|Ugba Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.534119|7.501282|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085201|Obugwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3591|7.6342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085646|Usaka-Eleogu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085788|Obuohia Okike Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3338|7.5949|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085827|GOD'S GIFT CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.50174|7.4994|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086074|HOSSONNA SPEACIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.51388|7.495665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086078|Nchara Otoro health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3255|7.5466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086104|Nchara Akanu Health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3608|7.51778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086369|Azumini Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9438|7.47967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086390|IHUNNA ENYINNA SPEACIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.50693|7.49652|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086768|Ahaba Ukwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3796|7.5364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086933|IVORY MEDICAL CLINIC /MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.49961|7.49945|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129087384|OSINACHI MEDICAL CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.50246|7.4984|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129087769|Okpuala Ngwa General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.35252|7.3799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129087867|World Bank PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.512512|7.497314|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129088235|umuozugwo health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.37157|7.5442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129088308|Amangwu Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129088959|Nkasi Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.384888|7.545898|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129089060|Okpula Ngwa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.35127|7.38011|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129089074|Agbama 1 Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129089232|Isiugwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3748|7.6115|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129089659|Agbama 11 Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.545|7.505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129089859|Ahiaba Okpuala Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2667|7.4317|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129090336|Ahiaukwu health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.478699|7.502075|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129090417|Chinonye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129090678|Agbaragwu Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.33609|7.36452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129090889|Amizi Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.465698|7.501282|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129091465|Anglican Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.47873|7.50016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129092051|Umuajata Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129092069|Christiana Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.38037|7.53328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129092690|Ezeleke Primary Health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55763|7.43143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129093679|Umueke Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.460876|5.246704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129093886|Ntigha primaryHealth Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.39069|5.42995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129094202|Awomukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3739|7.5942|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129094300|Umuezeukwu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.46176|5.42242|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129101682|ogbuebule health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.38475|7.54589|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129103518|Mkpuohiaoba Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.98806|7.43071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129108036|Obeaku Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.884277|7.441284|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129108807|Uhunna Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.8735|7.4607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129109401|Father Farm Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129109623|St. Michaels Catholic Hospital Ariam Elu Elu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.452724|7.524875|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129109636|Steugene Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.403687|7.567505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129109909|Obohia Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.90628|7.38335|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129109955|University Of Agriculture Medical Centre Umudike]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.481663|7.543596|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129110127|Steugene HospitalUniversity Of Agriculture Medical Centre Umudike]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.403687|7.567505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129110277|Usaka-Ukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.364|7.6472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129110954|Eti Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.91363|7.4067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129111038|Abayi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.403589|7.351769|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129111521|Amaorji Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.38745|7.37885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129112042|Ohambele Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.89982|7.41266|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129112896|Isimkporobe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.95115|7.33941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129113655|Ohuru Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.98068|7.35837|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129113698|Amachi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3128|7.5076|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129114231|Soso Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.237305|7.401306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129114508|Umule Mkporobe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.94085|7.34309|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129114928|Ronald Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129115198|Akirika Nta Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.97999|7.4665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129115801|Omumauzo Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07775|7.29805|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129116124|Akunna Specialist Clinic And Utlrasound Scanning]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53375|7.498062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129116573|Akirika Obu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.988063|7.430718|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129117374|Akirika Uku Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.98805|7.45586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129118068|Umuekechi Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0667|7.2898|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129118766|Umuaka Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9888|7.2402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129119415|ab Ozatta Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọòrùn Ukwa]] | {{Coord|5.034485|7.295288|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129127110|Usaka Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.281556|7.514065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129127853|Agburuezeukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.39479|7.42031|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129128473|Agburuike Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1973|7.42973|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129129089|Umuomaiukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.426|7.41325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129130382|Ahiabaubi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.38865|7.34713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129132383|Avodim Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129132972|Ipupe 1 Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.475525|7.454287|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129141318|Umuchima Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.38865|7.34713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129145197|Chidumaram Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.396878|7.351694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129145689|Chinenyenwa Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.36342|7.34531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129145818|Osusu Amairi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.375563|7.384342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129145991|Chioma Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129146243|Emmamuel Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.266113|7.476074|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129146390|Okpuala Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.394459|7.400386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129146850|Ogechi(Chichi) Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.263916|7.417908|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129146857|Ezinna Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.347107|7.412903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129147315|Nkechinyere Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129147478|Gods Care Maternity Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.268494|7.420715|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129147521|Muhani Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.318298|7.411072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129147778|Anglican Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129148506|Central Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8569|7.43315|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129149083|Ntigha Okpuala Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3946|7.4005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129149670|Ohuhu Nsulu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.34077|7.549322|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129150581|Ugwati Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọòrùn Ukwa]] | {{Coord|5.039673|7.274902|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129150994|ab Ahaoma Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9396|7.26295|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129151703|Obunku Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.89171|7.3781|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129152459|innokin Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.302917|7.31488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129152600|Mgboko Anya Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.235291|7.456299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129152907|Chinoyerem Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.38468|7.43531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129152992|Obi Ngwaobi Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129152996|Livingword Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.26277|7.31025|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129153376|Ohanso Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọòrùn Ukwa]] | {{Coord|4.88946|7.36802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129153916|St Mary'S Hospital (Obunku]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.142166|7.638344|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129154018|Amanu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129154191|Amaobu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.988063|7.430718|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129154371|Umuosu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.39488|7.49223|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129155138|Ohanku Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.96353|7.40637|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129155836|Umuakwu Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.354892|7.509429|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129155876|Umuode Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.41695|7.49152|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129156216|Okotoko Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.94329|7.39845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129157922|Amaise Ovungwu Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3222|7.3808|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129158170|Omega Power Ministries Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129158474|Okpulorukwu H/P]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.39535|7.47453|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129158524|Ipupe 2 Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.58|7.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129159198|Ujuru Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.94694|7.40699|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129159459|S.D.A Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.475027|7.439992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129160004|Ubakala Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129160092|Egbelu-Ubi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3586|7.3299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129160884|Abaki Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.98809|7.43005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129160907|Umuosu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129161475|Mkpukpuoha Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.98048|7.44087|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129161791|Abam Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.75|7.65|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129162365|Obuozu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.97232|7.45118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129162850|Umuogor Health Post (Ukwa East]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.94262|7.46786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129163370|Obohia Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.90115|7.38283|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129163890|Mkpukpuaja Ogbuagu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.988063|7.430718|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129164606|Owerri Aba Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0697|7.3827|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129165767|Umukama Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6407|7.40548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166076|Ikputu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.42355|7.48113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166347|Nkem Maternity Akamu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.57|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166847|Umuekpe Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4169|7.37506|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166927|Obingwa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.35028|7.37214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166973|Amaekpu Isiahia Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.33398|7.33639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167016|Amaekpu Umuamata Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4035|7.3578|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167056|Amaputa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.31082|7.37333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167108|Umuelemoha Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167134|Apu Na Ekpu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.32665|7.3399|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167183|Amuzu-Umuobudi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5007|7.34229|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167204|Asa Umuakwa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0122|7.3249|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167236|Umuchukwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0217|7.3542|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167246|Apu-Na-Ekpu Extension Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.32677|7.3341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167256|Ukebe Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9951|7.4016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167266|Umuogwoka Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.33609|7.36452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167269|Ichi Ukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.299|7.36813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167316|Amavo Tank Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167326|Isiala Amapu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.32427|7.32287|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167342|Etiti Amavo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.249695|7.323486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167406|Bethsaida Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167431|Calvary Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.16723|7.35711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167434|Imerem Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167479|Shiloh Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.16723|7.35711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167521|Akanchawa Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.0756|7.19184|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167559|Nigeria Naval Finance Logistics Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2938|7.3032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167578|Chrispat Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.07971|7.20585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167641|Divine Link Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167663|Eziala Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.375|7.41043|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167719|Amaokpu Health Health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2231|7.2838|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167828|Pakka Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|10.12308|13.21845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167829|Umuagu Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.235901|7.41687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167887|Umuala Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3695|7.4613|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167986|Basic Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.39615|7.44307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168036|God Own Heritage Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168142|Obikabia Haelth Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168167|Amuzu Okpumuo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.33084|7.38598|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168194|Amaokpu Osusu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.35726|7.38812|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168377|Gilead Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.09447|7.21551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168495|Health Gate Special Hospital Aba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07613|7.20216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168540|Ihunanya Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.17056|7.31638|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168696|Janet Memorial Hospital/clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.16723|7.35711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168769|Ahiaba Umueze Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.15544|7.34407|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168791|Amangelukwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7385|7.5391|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168798|William Hospital-Maternity Clinics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.758935|7.475529|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168861|Umuobasi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0316|7.38264|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168919|Umuimo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.18795|7.3377|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169032|Amator Ukwu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2002|7.34951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169153|St Elizabeth Maternity Complex Aba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.05943|7.19771|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169215|Abayi Ariaria Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.133728|7.335693|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169231|St Simeon Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.288513|7.336121|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169261|Asa Amator]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169278|Ugba Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.28708|7.3159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169428|Asa Oberete Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1038|7.2782|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169432|Umunko Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.343506|7.489929|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169449|Umuobiala Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.72536|7.46712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169452|Umunkpeyi Nvosi Primary Healthcare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.326477|7.479492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169456|Ugwuele Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.848877|7.418274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169464|Ndundu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8489|7.4478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169467|Uturu Primary Health Centre, Ukwunwangwu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.4599|5.772705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169471|Umuola Egbelu Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.31439|7.421|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169484|Umuomanita District And Comprehensive Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.384755|7.453309|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169608|Asa Umudioka Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.51|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169869|Calif Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.05943|7.19771|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170034|Chiazokam Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.09903|7.32933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170068|Gas Line Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170096|Primary Health Centre Umuozo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170121|Jessy Divine Clinic/Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.09594|7.20063|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170156|Living Word Hospital (Osisiamo Ngwa)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.13755|7.35002|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129171795|Umuomayi Mbawsi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129171992|Amaku Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.355|7.4019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172134|Merit Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172170|Mount Zion Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07664|7.20468|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172286|Umuekene Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2482|7.29491|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175286|Grace Land Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175414|Eziama na Obuba Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.36689|7.4457|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175482|Mercy Maternity and Rehabilitation Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3372|7.4778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175542|Mgbokonta Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.290527|7.491699|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175590|Nvosi 1 Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.35125|7.42733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175616|Obuba Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.343872|7.444885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175631|Teresa Orsini Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.33482|7.48016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175644|Umuko Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.34366|7.48991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175744|Oribis Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.14011|7.33656|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175769|Romalex Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.16723|7.35711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175777|St. Andrews Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175786|Umule Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175794|Umungasi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175798|Umuocham Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.136289|7.3435|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175808|Women Hosp Specialist Aba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.08297|7.21057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175821|Umumkpeyi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.326341|7.479479|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175822|Primary Health Centre Umuagbai]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.17542|7.28182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175832|Primary Health Centre Umuoyoro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175861|Amavo Nkwogu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.220703|7.308289|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175870|Ekearo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.218689|7.3125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175889|Umuka 1 Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175902|Umuka ll Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175911|Umuohia Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.414368|7.069908|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176098|Umunevo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.34366|7.46263|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176282|Ndi Uduma-ukwu H/P]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.64625|7.79085|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176310|Nkwebi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.67802|7.7933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176367|Oboro H/P]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.637|7.774211|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176429|Okagwe Health Centre (Ohafia)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.67622|7.83239|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176469|Ndi Uduma Awoke Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.64625|7.79085|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176628|Alaukwu Model Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2359|7.4169|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176634|Ogechukwu Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.414383|7.069856|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176712|Nnenzu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176759|Ndiobasi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8372|7.5316|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176826|Otampa Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.75124|7.5067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177051|General Hospital Isuikwuato]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7329|7.5033|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177103|Echiele Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.74353|7.51232|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177185|Amaba Primary Health Center, Isuikwuato]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7311|7.52306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177279|Ohiyinta Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.4441|7.565|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177304|Nvurunvu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.82514|7.44606|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177330|Ngwaobi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.308806|7.315062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177341|Mbutu Ukwu Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.30876|7.31512|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177414|St. Simons Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.288377|7.33608|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177443|Christian Aid Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1848|7.1925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177491|Ugwufie Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.7654|7.7768|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177506|Ugba Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.28489|7.30727|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177542|Akahaba General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.70518|7.73589|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177563|Akanu Ukwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.55977|7.84428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177641|Isiala Oberete]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.066371|7.519783|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177644|Ibeme Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.06488|7.504272|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177646|Daughter Of Mary Mother Of Mercy]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.76922|7.77639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177805|Abala Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.011902|7.431274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129178291|Elughu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.761149|7.782918|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129178777|Ngwama Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.228088|7.4222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129179093|Health Center Ndiuduma Awoke]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54369|7.84349|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129179573|Mbem Hospital Ohafia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.616867|7.826375|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129180261|Obipu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.18453|4.90405|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129180438|Ndibe Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.63016|7.88925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129180790|Obibor Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.211731|4.942078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129180876|Umuotiri Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.269619|7.440007|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129181204|Ezendioma Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.2457|4.9225|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129181542|Anyambutu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3066|7.3562|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129181605|ab Umuajoha health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129181985|Obokwe Primary Health Centre 11]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.2561|5.0578|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129182063|Mercy Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.30839|7.35183|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129182420|Umungede Health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129182741|Owaza primary health care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.20193|4.97472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129183143|ab Umuagalaba Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.2056|4.9585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129183605|Uzuaku health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.18443|4.90401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129184030|Abala Nkamiri Health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.011902|7.431274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129184086|Rapha Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129184132|Primary Health Care Centre Ahamiyi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7165|7.55781|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129186406|Okohia health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.1851|4.9222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129186835|Imo River Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.1709|4.8902|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129187232|Umudiobia Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.235901|4.966675|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129187883|Obehie Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.261902|4.942871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129188918|Mbutu Ngwa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.310071|7.354735|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129188940|Umuiku-isi Asa primary health care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.3072|4.9235|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129189031|Oji Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129189286|Ozioma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129189411|Umuorie Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.2637|4.9101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129189640|Ikeala Mbutu Health bPost]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3182|7.3325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129189782|St.Philomina Clinic Ebem Ohafia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.616798|7.826466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129190211|Umuehim Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3202|7.4304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129190291|Amapuife Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.12959|7.28583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129190720|Owuala Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.17177|7.31251|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129191041|Ebeyi Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.3271|7.4539|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129191160|Abayi Ariaria Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.5|7.35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129191729|Isiama Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.63693|7.827426|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129192449|Ofali-Agwu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.6485|7.8265|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129196167|Ohafia General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.656564|7.819197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129196682|Uzondu Polyclinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.64627|7.83124|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129197979|Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.79445|7.76426|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129198706|Okwoko Health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129203897|Obintu Mbutu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.31293|7.3425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129204933|Mbutu Umuoko Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.211336|7.391287|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129205999|Umuajuju Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1639|7.2143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129206528|Mbaka Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129206585|Maria Watsode Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129206740|UMUIHIE HEALTH POST]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2367|7.3937|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129207406|Health Centre Ugwele]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.84877|7.41831|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129207482|God'S Care Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129207560|Aladinma Maternity & Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129208891|Chi Chi Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2445|7.406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129209027|Ukwa Nkporo Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.81605|7.76954|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129209436|Africare Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.289307|7.417114|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129209679|Etitiama Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.77051|7.76293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129210364|Nkporo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.79066|7.77082|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129210709|Christianways Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.24422|7.40744|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129213779|Obuofia Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.77332|7.77454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129214491|Peter Uga Orji Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129214879|Rcm Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129215174|King Of Kings specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.61769|7.84945|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129217948|Umukalu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.27799|4.92508|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129218394|Umuituru Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.287292|4.905701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129218905|Obiga Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.273682|4.967102|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129219334|Obahu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.2941|4.9053|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129219895|ab Umuokwor Health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.2804|4.9326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129220342|ab Ikpokwu Health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.274|4.9305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129221913|Ogwe Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.26539|5.00599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129222753|ab Umunteke Health]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.31603|4.92447|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129223226|ab Umuebulungwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.3039|4.9139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129223701|ab Isalanteke Health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129229821|Omoba Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.241785|7.407849|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129230360|Ronald Hospital Annex]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1449|7.2426|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129230842|Uzonwanne Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.24401|7.41275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129233575|Umuabali Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.294799|7.441|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129234250|Osokwa Model Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.26325|7.47338|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129234637|isiala umuezu health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.26325|7.47338|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129235043|Ikem Nvosi Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.2045|7.2628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129235506|Mgbaugwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.82536|7.43741|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129239701|Mbaugwu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129239733|Ohafor Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.619002|7.865345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129239899|Mbaugwu Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.828011|7.414811|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129240218|Otodo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6191|7.8536|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129240691|Ugwuntu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7726|7.45989|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129240896|Mgbelu Umunnekwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7723|7.4525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129240904|Mgboko Oma Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.1237|7.2432|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129240939|Umunekwu Agbo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.77232|7.45252|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129240970|Amangwu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.668699|7.871672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129240974|Umuasua Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.717712|7.500488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129241335|Mgboko Amairi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.186707|7.387878|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129241365|Swiss Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8376|7.4131|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129241656|Amuma Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.63678|7.88866|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129241844|Acha Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.83129|7.51788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129242058|Mgbeonyere'S Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.164465|7.45886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129242273|Amachara Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8157|7.5065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129242298|Okon-nta Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129242773|Itukpa Trinity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.16336|7.46065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129242777|Amaokwe Acha Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129242850|Ufiele Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129242976|Maduabuchi Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129243129|Achara Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8449|7.4273|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129243194|Ndi Aku H/P]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.6661|7.78901|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129244081|Umuobiakwa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.15273|7.45795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129244133|Ameke1 Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129244541|Chioma Clinic & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.70616|7.73965|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129245326|Ekpankuma Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohafia]] | {{Coord|5.68318|7.74166|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129245429|Ovim Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.72228|7.52768|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129245474|Obayi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.729675|7.538513|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129245526|Amune Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7368|7.5391|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129246830|UMUAGBAWARA Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.58624|7.47471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129248231|Ndiakata Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.11504|7.52219|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129248796|Nigeria Christian Hospital, Nlagu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.14032|7.52533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129248803|Hebrew Women Maternity Home Okwulaga-Afara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5034|7.481|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129249096|Owerelu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.094707|7.530386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129249412|Owo Ala Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9532|7.2873|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129249595|Umuokpo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.249048|7.50552|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129250080|Umuadienwe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọòrùn Ukwa]] | {{Coord|4.925293|7.296082|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129250627|Mbano Ntighauzor Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.093872|7.483887|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129251247|Okwulaga Afara Health CENTER]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5572|7.55084|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129251391|Amurie Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.77304|7.76017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129251674|Ohokobe Umuokeyi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5011|7.4898|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129251915|Amiyi Obilohia Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7677|7.4442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129252070|Nwodaku Memory Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.04672|7.35584|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129252411|OVERCOMER CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129252479|Amogudu 1 Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6987|7.7322|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129252789|Ihie Ukwu Primary Healthcare Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|5.0073|7.3092|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129252898|Afugiri Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.59857|7.48649|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129253157|Oluebube Chukwu Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.18369|7.41433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129253775|Oluebubechukwu Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.18369|7.41433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254336|Ekeokwuru Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254422|Semcon Friends Mission Hospital And Motherless Babies Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.18369|7.41433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254430|Nunya Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7085|7.41027|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254489|Onyinyea Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|5.04949|7.31392|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254528|Okuenyi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.072327|7.455078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254575|Umuegwu Okpuala Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.59323|7.46246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254576|Umuagara Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|4.9974|7.3216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254607|Umuokehi Okpuala Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.593079|7.462524|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254611|Eluma Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.73468|7.472473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254637|Ahiaeke Ndume Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.51196|7.52995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254663|Amaeke Ibeku Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.566895|7.514526|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254670|Umuokereke Ngwa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.10748|7.50182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254684|Christiana Dental Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.526268|7.496216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254705|Isimanu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|4.9851|7.3278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254707|Chidinma Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54154|7.49397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254735|Apugo Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.51548|7.50545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254755|Bishop Afonya Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.20623|7.49801|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254803|Osusu Amukwa Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.129883|7.41449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254836|Abia State Specialist Hospital & Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52087|7.492922|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254893|Umudiawa Ofeiyi H/C]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254911|Isiadu Health POST]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5605|7.5189|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254917|Umudiawa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254928|DOMINION GRACE CLINIC AND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52156|7.49069|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254929|Living Hope Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.753|7.4674|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254930|UMUAGU H/C]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254944|Isingiwu Ofeme Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254965|Isiala Ihie primary health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|5.0235|7.3163|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254974|Saint Grace Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.125305|7.392883|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255018|Asa Umunka Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|5.01226|7.32487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255024|Umueberaja Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.73346|7.46214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255036|Isieke Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5437|7.5207|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255114|Umueberenkume Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.733764|7.442424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255283|Umuerem Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7389|7.4231|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255318|Umuezigbe Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.111084|7.459473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255327|Ezere Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.7433|7.5247|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255444|Mbom Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56241|7.50466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255458|Ozara Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.789673|7.530701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255492|Nkata Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.537476|7.509888|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255505|Ndi Ibe Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.63016|7.88923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255510|Okwoyi Health POST]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255540|Okwuta Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.525696|7.52832|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255542|Eziafor Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5939|7.8821|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255551|ArchBishop Charse Herry Memorial Spe. Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.40957|5.12021|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255579|Amauhie Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5815|7.4899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255608|Umuana Ndume Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.51032|7.51326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255664|RESTORATION SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.524|7.5248|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255677|Agboji Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.6938|7.7418|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255685|LILY PRAISE MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.40827|5.12799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255689|Nwachinemere Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.525|7.491|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255697|Lodu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5005|7.5212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255708|Shalom Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.41119|5.12728|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255713|Emede Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55836|7.48256|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255717|Amarajane Hospitals & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5154|7.51397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255724|Ehere Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.39838|5.111529|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255728|OHOKOBE MBAOCHA PHC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.516|7.5056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255740|Ntigha Oriebe Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.428101|5.108276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255748|Eziama Ossah Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53414|7.47252|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255763|Orienze Spec. Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.47655|5.13414|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255782|UMUODUDU EMEDE H/C]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5685|7.4971|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255788|Regent Cross Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.39144|5.11276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255853|Umuda Isingwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55098|7.47589|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255856|St Grace Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.39288|5.12528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255905|Okpu Isingwu Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.546875|7.464294|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255909|Ukpakiri Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.432312|5.113281|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255940|Bright Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.117999|7.349829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256129|Amato Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.542|7.4692|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256130|Umuokahia 1 Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.40446|5.12713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256178|Alaoma Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.395345|5.169106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256179|Amafor Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54312|7.47736|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256195|Juliet Paul Mother And Child Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.37345|5.15247|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256223|Ohuru Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.422729|5.158081|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256226|Avonkwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5281|7.5325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256266|Osusu Umueme Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.38912|5.13645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256311|Amuzuoru Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5233|7.5352|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256367|Ajata Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5393|7.5485|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256454|Asa Nnetu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|5.04372|7.33357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256504|Umuaja Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|5.0227|7.3883|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256573|Umuaokatawom Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.427266|7.098813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256645|Owoahiafor Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.16272|7.478882|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256657|ab Umuiku ozar health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9331|7.3071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256669|Owo Asa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.9611|7.2295|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256729|ab General Hospital Okekpe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.90794|7.32558|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256905|ablight of God Maternity(Nnenne Maternity)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|4.91227|7.31155|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256954|Umuagu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.147522|7.403076|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256957|Osusu Umuikpeghi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.137612|7.389092|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129256960|Umukalika Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.14381|7.40308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257050|Okagwe Agboji Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.676166|7.802331|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257065|Obokwe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.057922|7.25592|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257103|Akanukwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55977|7.84428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257202|Ania Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.5591|7.8379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257391|Amuke Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.636603|7.855788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257456|Ndi Orieke Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56846|7.87825|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257509|Wilson Ahamefuna Ogah Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.832|7.5316|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257525|Amanta/Ukpo Health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|12.724477|7.861334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257916|Amapu Ideobia Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|5.0069|7.3962|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129257993|Ohanze Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.13414|7.47656|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129258101|Onuaku Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.55|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129258456|Akpukpa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.8327|7.441|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129258859|Akpa Mbato Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.436707|5.046692|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259252|Akumimo Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259253|Akumimo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.423706|5.076477|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259263|Isiala Ovom Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.43793|5.09221|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259326|Umuanunu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.438409|5.076338|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259349|Abayi Nchokoro Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ugwunagbo]] | {{Coord|5.0409|7.3828|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259371|Nkechi Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.475038|5.115069|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259404|Osisioma Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.1585|7.3249|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259456|King's Christian Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.09447|7.21551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259485|Ikonne Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0127|7.3542|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259486|Egbede Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.1678|7.299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259517|Obete Isiahiankwo h\centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.187233|7.417179|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259568|Osokwa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.22254|7.36828|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259616|Okpuala Umugwor Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.211304|7.303101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259644|Obi Ngwa Headquarters Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.202587|7.493477|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259645|Obingwa Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.116|7.234|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259649|Divine Hosp & Maternity]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259655|Mbutu Isiahia Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Osisioma-Ngwa]] | {{Coord|5.07904|7.1872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259684|Akanu Okpulo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.18008|7.49097|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259783|Umuodo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0363|7.3074|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259817|Ugwunagbo primary health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0127|7.3542|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259877|Ihie Ukwu Primary Healthcare Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.0073|7.3092|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259901|Aza Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.07782|7.3893|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129259910|War Front Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.08791|7.39278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133472275|St John Jesus Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.067917|7.382028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133499890|Amezing Grace Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133499967|Anastesia Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.113778|7.356222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133499981|Anelechi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133500090|Azumini Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133500106|Bethseda Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133517104|Chijioke Osogo Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.430889|7.524722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133517351|Christian Way Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.395389|7.347611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133517612|Clehenson Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.113778|7.356222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133520581|Delight Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133520596|Divine Favour Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.094083|7.371833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133520629|El-Asamen Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.119083|7.360472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133520659|Embassy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539886|Ensign Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.138972|7.330056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539908|Euna Hospital & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116278|7.346194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539922|God's Favour Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539933|Good Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539949|Good Samarithan Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539998|Holywound Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116278|7.346194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133540048|Impact Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.131778|7.397083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133540066|Lawato Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.101389|7.336|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133540078|Leo Private Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.101417|7.370611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133540101|Living Word Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.135361|7.349167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133540117|Mendel Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.106333|7.375667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133546405|Seventhday Adventist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.315083|7.633944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133546628|Seventh-Day Adventist Hospital & Motherless Babies Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133563889|Mother Mercy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.105306|7.370972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133564021|Nazereth Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.1075|7.371222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133564168|N D U Christ Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.127278|7.365222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133569219|New Era Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.107389|7.379083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133569414|Nwadoka Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.121583|7.373278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133569481|Owaza Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.116667|7.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133569496|Regents Cross Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.110139|7.407167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133569546|Sancta Maria Specialist Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.113778|7.375944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134671901|Osusu 11 Phc]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|7.37785|7.37785|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726180|Healthcare center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Arochukwu]] | {{Coord|6.130116|8.942578|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726515|Ndi Ememe Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49100843|Arochukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.577191|7.740503|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726567|Iheosu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.408962|7.94238|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261449|Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.522433|7.493667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137616797|SANCTA MARIA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL & MATERINITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.113674|7.377605|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137617297|NEW ERA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.107603|7.378479|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137617392|DELTA HOSPITAL LTD. Abia state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.118356|7.350636|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137617477|OBIOMA HOSPITALAND MATERNITY . Umuahia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.527243|7.496565|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137617756|PRISCILLIA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.535204|7.496271|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137618145|MENDEL HOSPITALAND DIAGNOSTIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.107488|7.362309|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137620337|CLEHANSAN HOSPITALAND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.111682|7.358661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137620554|LIVING WORD HOSPITAL OBINGWA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.47|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137620779|LIVING WORD HOSPITAL ABA NORTH]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.137763|7.35018|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137620883|EBEMMA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.117534|7.384681|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137621039|HORSTMAN HOSPITAL.Aba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.119709|7.360164|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137621219|PRINCESS MARY SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.137153|7.405815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137621390|ST. PAUL HOSPITAL. Aba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.13316|7.354487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137621537|SEVEN DAYSADVENTIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.124159|7.386717|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137621729|NEW LEAD HOSPITALAND MAT. LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.494535|7.709047|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137622191|HAMMERSMITH MEDICAL CENTRE. UMUAHIA ABIA STATE.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137622250|ST. VINCENT`S HOSPITAL. UMUAHIA ABIA STATE. NIG]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137622829|NEW ERA HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137622845|POLICE HOSPITAL, UMUAHIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137624876|HEALING CROSS HOSPITAL. Abia state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.533115|7.493985|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137625197|CHUKWUEBUKA HOSPITAL. ABIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.52|7.48|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137625342|NGOZI HOSPITAL. Abia State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.54|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137625449|UZONDU POLY CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.646309|7.831213|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137625519|NIGERIAN CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL NLA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.139734|7.525584|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137625523|LIFE ESSENTIAL HOSIPTAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.539318|7.494057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137625528|AMARA JANE HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | {{Coord|5.515446|7.514176|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q43895199|Zankli Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.078264|7.451829|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Zankli Medical Centre.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956233|Ebony hospital, Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.100083|7.407712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956436|Paafag hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.141025|7.308746|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957597|Access Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.084406|7.323376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958154|Ancilla Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.082264|7.414328|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ancilla Catholic Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958330|Capital Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.052181|7.462802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958420|St Francois Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.069313|7.482048|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959524|Primus International Super Special]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.006468|7.56705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959547|Cornelian Jubilee Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|8.985019|7.573467|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959568|Trust Charitos Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.059964|7.416654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959684|Everlasting care hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.105548|7.41801|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105960121|The Crown Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.084693|7.313416|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105960920|Lofahod Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|8.976647|7.672099|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105960963|Mailafiya Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.052758|7.465781|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106506903|JEAN LOUIS MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.048562|7.438923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106511521|TRUST CHARITOS HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q28468899|Abuja Municipal]]'' | {{Coord|9.060177|7.416449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102249712|Standard Life Care Hospital.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816085|Abule-Egba/Aboru/Meiran/Alagbado]]'' | {{Coord|6.659181|3.303915|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102271067|Rem-Yems Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816085|Abule-Egba/Aboru/Meiran/Alagbado]]'' | {{Coord|6.674555|3.272811|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077980|Shiloh Medical Care]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816728|Abuloma/Amadi-Ama]]'' | {{Coord|4.7795|7.059|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185872|KRYSTAL CLINICS & WELLNESS CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816728|Abuloma/Amadi-Ama]]'' | {{Coord|4.795082|7.041541|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30288385|Nigerian Christian Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.140019|7.525584|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105550300|Abia State University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.111036|7.365013|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114235931|ST. ANTHONY'S HOSPITAL, ABIA STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.101357|7.378664|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133647376|General Hospital Abà]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | [[Abá]] | {{Coord|5.109874|7.364531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5440291|Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.144326|3.380343|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Federal Medical Centre Gate, Idi-aba, Abeokuta.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q30262012|Sacred Heart Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.163479|3.362905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175478|O & A Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.182796|3.379896|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102176162|Itunu Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.140455|3.331267|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102177390|First Alpha Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.130777|3.321989|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102177437|Redwood Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.131704|3.321228|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102177469|Tobiloba Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.129979|3.320101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178802|Angel And Eagle Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.127623|3.349742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102179057|Mercy Group Clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.132245|3.332134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105733853|State Hospital, Abeokuta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.156385|3.34907|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089047|Micheal & Alice Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.153858|3.393956|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089118|Coxwell Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.146912|3.364537|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130478084|Ademuyiwa Medical Diagnostics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.140692|3.32666|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456977|Federal Medical Centre*: A 250-bed regional hospital located in Abeokuta, providing secondary and tertiary medical services.¹]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.144363|3.371506|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134388024|Sacred Heart Hospital, Abeokuta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.166563|3.355645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128976017|Kudori Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q351514|Adamawa]]'' | {{Coord|8.24251|11.961998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129015584|Mallam Madugu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q351514|Adamawa]]'' | {{Coord|9.57711|12.56978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112075590|Newlife Hospital Mubi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.268654|13.283657|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939172|Federal Medical Centre, Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.209787|12.478151|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126199135|New Life Hospital Mubi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]]<br/>[[Mubi]] | {{Coord|4.943351|6.332143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128836310|Danaba Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.584722|12.05417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128837866|Dimkusum Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54129|12.08974|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128842917|Kamenya Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.61084|12.01289|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128843610|Nadeu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.51461|12.07539|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128844193|Saman Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.48764|12.03335|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128845255|Sankeupo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.51544|12.02853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128846078|Jada 1 Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.75634|12.15159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128847453|Baburu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.53509|12.24643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128848504|Borrong General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.54184|12.17253|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128849596|Borrong Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.53762|12.17798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128850247|Mbumara Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.53333|12.18333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128850278|Gadina Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.446472|12.072925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128850880|Tikka Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.54881|12.24644|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128851099|Jamtari Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.6824|12.090419|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128851661|Demsa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.427673|12.137329|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128852213|Kedemure Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.33227|12.00248|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128853526|Wuro Kuna Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.7424|12.14094|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128855468|Jada 2 Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.771944|12.15917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128857315|Lupanga Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.48721|12.19763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128858106|Belichiuti Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.184622|12.636927|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128858339|Jada General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.77297|12.159945|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128859016|Kwayine Heath Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.444263|12.041904|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128859674|Gawi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.22167|12.65091|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128860517|Wuro Yerima Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.744167|12.17583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128860643|Lassala Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.563553|12.183703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128861192|Gwamba Primary Health care centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.631356|10.675127|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128861795|Sundi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.333333|12.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128862766|Bali Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.080987|11.204885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128869716|Banjiram Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.97436|9.78426|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128872403|Gugu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.96442|9.75876|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128874251|Wuro Ardo Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.15764|12.59987|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128875027|Farang Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.57769|12.91561|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128875684|Kuriyaji Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.63895|13.03677|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128876444|Magdari Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.66733|12.94712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128898952|Choncha Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.72308|12.5509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128900186|Bosso Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.55846|12.14548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128900967|Dilli Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.53737|12.1595|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128902200|Loh Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.500488|12.109314|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128902923|Bolon Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.411706|11.99454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903915|Farabraune Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.34967|11.888489|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903926|Bariki Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.073331|12.966218|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903953|Bidda Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.427653|12.137359|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903964|Old Demsa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.45443|12.15173|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903971|Bujum Kona Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.265077|10.833278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128903988|Januawuri Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.372925|11.860474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904062|Dem Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.430704|12.143939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904067|LCCN Health centre Demsa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.42918|12.14348|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904092|Dingle Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.748269|11.920141|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904101|Kudiri Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.400206|7.650032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904108|Lawaru Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.405701|11.93689|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904115|Kodomon Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.45819|12.21661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904183|Gani Gaku Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.395081|12.161072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904197|Gurin Kasuwa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.544297|12.002701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904210|Farai Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.445923|12.115723|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904226|Nassarawo Koma Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.4527|12.342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904228|Francis Dire Memorial Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.318188|12.405738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904280|Tassala Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.444843|12.128049|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904281|Ecwa Acadamy Demsa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.426697|12.123474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904295|Bellanga Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.63117|12.21379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904310|Zuran 11 Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.51165|12.16793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904322|Sabon Gari Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.43369|12.07524|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904332|Maliki Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.43477|12.07721|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904339|Kwale Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.48468|12.12207|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904351|Dwam Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.46175|12.08943|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904365|Dowaya Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.454285|12.0625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904369|Tashan Gurgu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.337891|11.863098|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904395|Ngbekendewe Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.400879|11.879883|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904406|Mararaba Bille Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.025124|7.60013|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904428|Gada Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.385658|11.939154|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904440|Kwadadai Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.96374|9.79182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904446|Tahau Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.51175|12.16798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904454|Mwarawo Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.50861|12.21226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904500|Mbula Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.51128|12.19237|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904626|Arah Teh Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.9485|9.92106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128904822|Kpakmyagi Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.49504|12.26652|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905082|Tagombali Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.32943|11.8386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905375|Kwafara Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.320449|11.820446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905522|Bobini Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.89074|9.98556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905712|Kpasham Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905979|Kpankwai Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.18|12.42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128906629|Ribadu Malabu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.64442|12.86221|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128906703|Gwalam Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.83139|9.98711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128906920|Ba-Umse Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.396713|12.428926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907570|Wawi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.90943|9.98327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907749|Mubako Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.57897|12.99795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908067|Damare Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.65096|12.97058|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908331|Garin Cekke Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.090881|12.700684|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908422|Bodeno Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.971836|10.028726|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128909260|Gorotoro Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.899245|9.96521|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128910377|Mayo-Sirkan Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.02716|12.17176|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128910625|Mayo-Ine Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.11512|12.23073|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128910917|Kiri Primary Health care center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.09603|12.21975|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128911223|Kabillo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.03101|12.20918|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128911593|Jilima Sam Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.02117|12.07833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912817|Kwaya Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.47911|9.30984|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128912838|Koksupa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.062073|12.456299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128913649|Safa Tawa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.02536|12.39702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128914320|Tomsoro Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.052673|12.482483|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128916323|Dong Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.393814|11.91948|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128916943|Kaika Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.55441|11.84732|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128917571|Jangpuli Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.59104|11.94966|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128918230|Gbani Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.58595|11.86116|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128918947|Gangjari Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53739|11.91529|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128919412|Modibbo Hamman Adama Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.623489|12.15384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128919555|Yelwa Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.45576|12.03953|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128920274|Sansiri Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.44331|12.01214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128921077|Sanjo JPRM Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.48519|11.93736|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128921429|Meddy Private Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19851|12.49195|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128922062|Betti Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.833889|12.65167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128922331|Gurum Christian Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.47059|11.96524|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128923897|Daksam Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.47084|11.94585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128924488|Gatiro Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.07419|12.26246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128924744|Ngurore Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.97714|12.61712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128924779|Abejo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.67042|12.37016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128924979|Karlahi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.842069|12.572173|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128925218|Gwerigwa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.91619|12.59774|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128925489|Gogra Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.94538|12.57342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128925779|Bosivani Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.798889|12.484497|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128926089|Bagauri Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.834331|12.615461|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128926351|Wuro Yolde Gurin Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.11738|12.87268|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128926844|Wauru Nelbi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.052112|12.86072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128927673|Dalami Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.7041|12.34811|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128927715|Parda Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.10927|12.43326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128927885|Bilachi Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.37824|12.85157|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128928072|Muniga Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.1454|12.82383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128928359|Gurin Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.117096|12.884238|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128928624|Dasin Abba Kumbo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.39753|12.84157|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128928713|Chikito Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.242369|12.873313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128928741|Gawalgu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.59196|12.43789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128928752|Muchalla Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.1199|12.70494|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128929405|Dengeshi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.53784|12.8568|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128929787|Mayo-Hako Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.633221|12.328819|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128930387|Njanjangre Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.22256|12.73874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128930593|Mijiwana Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.0958|12.66794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128931086|So'o Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.632045|12.43919|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128931715|Maraba Bokki Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.04956|12.66918|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128931814|Jalingo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.74877|12.35857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128933584|Jama'a Hospital Gombi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16075|2.7436|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128934713|Noma Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16585|12.73997|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128935438|Fufore Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21824|12.65103|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128937059|Gombi A Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15442|12.73308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128938071|Halali Mideical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15635|12.73782|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128938308|Lengdo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.700928|12.486084|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128940642|Njoboliyo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.466733|12.405264|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128941416|Toungo Nursing and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19776|12.48546|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128941465|Dabora Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.466242|11.98871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128941562|Yolde Kohi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28141|12.205021|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128942000|Hosere Bembe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.282195|12.803421|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128942227|Sugu Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.37792|12.0672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128942950|Gangwon Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.22602|12.22711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128942979|Gongoshi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.29215|12.134374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128943437|Gangtum Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.36323|11.945|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128944546|Sangassumi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.44567|12.04531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128945049|Aliyu Waziri Memorial Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.43967|12.04001|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128945779|Wadore Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.46591|12.16312|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128946396|Toungo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20393|12.48345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128948924|Yelwa Clinic & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28096|12.21269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128950126|Wuro-Yanka Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28096|12.21269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128951341|Ngurore Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28925|12.24384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128951667|Mada Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.92812|9.98298|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128952396|Chikila Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.93486|9.90608|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128953135|Nakowa Maternity and Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.30262|12.23258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128956753|Goduwo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.29343|12.41662|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128957165|Gadish Changrai Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.30255|12.2326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128958452|Bazza Town Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.57113|13.32639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128961197|Dirdiu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.5901|12.19424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128961875|Bakari Goso Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54517|12.27135|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128962956|Maria Yebbi Memorial Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|5.416667|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128972530|Malabu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.56171|12.77971|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128976173|Wuro-Bokki Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.39126|12.79506|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128976999|Bengni Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.89093|12.393311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128977410|Elbethel Nursing Home & maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28096|12.21269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128978908|Banenne Nursing Home & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.29878|12.23414|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128980118|Nana Asma'u Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20861|12.47703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128980387|Winben Clinic & maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26093|12.40347|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128980527|Wauru Jabbe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27396|12.38427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128980665|Namtari Manga Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.308466|12.289435|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128980852|Malkohi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.1896|12.37642|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128980900|Yola Central Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20838|12.47752|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128980968|Mossy Clinic & Maternity Service]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20163|12.47934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128981104|Bakari Mbamoi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20163|12.47934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128981258|Rumde Jabbi Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19564|12.51282|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128981359|Ardo Yahya Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.17819|9.17819|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128981411|Njoboli Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.200895|12.588015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128985103|Njobbore Primary Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28823|12.49451|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128985423|Sauki Clinic Adamawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28137|12.43767|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128985497|Adamawa Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21304|9.21304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128985721|Vunoklnag Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.29999|12.48161|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128985779|Yola Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27668|12.44791|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128986123|Bakopi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.56884|12.25458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128986132|Lainde Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.84729|12.46991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128986537|Luru Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.56774|12.30383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128986868|Tambo Jimoh Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.38387|9.53565|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128986992|Nyibango Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.00515|12.33864|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128987223|Tambo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.54544|12.34821|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128987417|Lamido Aliyu Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21231|12.48458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128988044|Ogburi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.79979|12.42037|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128989588|Ugi Health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.97083|12.44464|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128990168|Jaggu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.48935|12.19151|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128990444|Mapeo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.72594|12.510995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128990641|Damare Polo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21476|12.48876|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128990650|Garamba Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.43359|12.12011|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128990664|Jili Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.062212|12.456352|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128990964|Gabsin Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.077881|12.583313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128991194|Banda Tsarga Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.44236|12.04655|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128991273|Cholli Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.105713|12.474422|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128991562|Mayo Kila Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.68372|12.477955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128991767|Buwangal Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128991879|Wuitere Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.85077|12.39924|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128992584|Yolde Pate Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20908|12.43817|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128993264|Yadim Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.973051|12.40159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995429|Shagari Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.1897|12.47905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128995791|Jera Bonyo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.34821|12.43786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996114|Harimitsi Memoria Clinic & Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.158896|12.73459|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996405|Kotolo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|5.414378|7.069939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996499|Daneyel Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.53229|12.50226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996542|Wuro Sani Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.50599|12.50144|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996559|Shiure Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.942292|12.859016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996567|Ruwo Amsami Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.52624|12.53722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996610|Ngawa Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.49316|12.45216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996666|Aliyu Waziri Memorial Dispensar]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.43967|12.04001|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996676|Girei B Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.36786|12.55065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996741|Sangere Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.34354|12.51174|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996743|Golantabal Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.18|12.42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996808|Girei A. Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.36522|12.54083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996825|Centre Primary Public Adamawa Guyuk Gugu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.75876|11.96442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996872|Batare Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.39827|12.48674|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996879|Wafango Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.268248|12.681046|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996898|Ribadu Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.298443|12.703423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996930|Koh Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.45625|12.35852|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128996953|Arah Teh Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.92106|11.9485|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997036|Falu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.90081|11.9219|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997062|Chikila Tudu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.89133|9.7667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997142|Dangir Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.919988|9.748068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997150|Dulo Fulani Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.29268|12.79221|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997159|Gundenyi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.89964|11.85378|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997173|Dulo Bwatiye Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.34528|12.78004|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997202|Sili Kasa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.748068|11.919988|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997207|Dason Bwatiye Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.252284|12.633826|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997245|Dasin Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.265953|12.648336|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997247|Gwalura Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.93649|9.90855|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997271|Chofajaule Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.315838|12.864847|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997281|Shagari Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.18706|12.47417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997295|Nice Nursing & Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21112|12.456808|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997302|Lamza Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.90481|11.92507|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997368|Modire Nursing Home & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.199|12.45736|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997450|Pariya Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.37945|12.70031|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997566|Bole Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.191431|12.475011|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997685|Jiu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.86475|9.80778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997722|Kadarbu Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.51124|12.70215|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997798|Medicare Outpatient Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20821|12.47068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128997833|LCCN Nursing Home & Maternity Gombi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16288|12.73704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128998432|Holmawo HealthPost]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.38817|12.78756|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128998521|Kisibi Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20024|12.47478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128998789|Furo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.4511|12.72256|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128999178|Daware Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|5.56|7.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128999257|Nyako Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16123|12.74024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128999618|Bengo Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.41336|12.72313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129000059|Bagale Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.34566|12.68146|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129000449|Wuro Lamido Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19218|12.23386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129001174|Ndingala Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.9267|12.22038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129001275|Salvation Nursing Home Gombi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16142|12.73629|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129002315|St.Mary Clinic/Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15947|12.73347|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129002466|Gabun Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.18682|12.37236|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129003630|Dzangola Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.29642|12.773842|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129003820|LCCN Dispensary Ga'anda]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.1513|12.4331|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129004510|Ganjara Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16234|12.542|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129005127|Wuro-Hausa Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.20774|12.49409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129008060|Kefo Emergency Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19492|12.47632|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129009516|Pallam Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.73859|13.48625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129009935|Nassarawo Maternal And Child Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27858|12.43439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129010175|Triumph Clinic Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27401|12.45219|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129010349|Dzuel Primary Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.75944|13.49594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129011114|Jemita Maternity Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27478|12.44831|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129011263|Goshen clinic and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26082|12.45425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129011404|Freedom Poly Hospital Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26648|12.45288|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129011554|Mildu Main Market Primay Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.82849|13.57012|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129011579|Fortland Hospital Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27031|12.43938|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129011732|Kangling Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.39602|12.38241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129012356|Wuro-Gas Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.7063|13.53351|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129012493|Gereng Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.48946|12.30588|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129013033|Wagga Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.93199|13.65073|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129013172|Damare Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.32003|12.44348|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129013662|Bajabure Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.30285|12.46753|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129015059|Jabbi-Lamba Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.50502|12.57614|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129015167|Alh. Ali Maidamisa Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Yola]] | {{Coord|9.19|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129015563|Alh. Abubakar Adamu Namtari Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28045|12.45316|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129017840|Yebbi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.56454|11.9572|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129018268|Leme Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.06302|12.2517|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129018896|Dadwari Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.12187|12.51512|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129019324|Hurkudawa Nursing Home Fotta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.09456|12.33211|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129020175|Zangra Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.0787|12.46822|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129022794|Wuro Daudu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129023047|Guyaku Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.33902|12.65866|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129023602|Boloko Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.18|12.42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129023857|Wurode Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21|12.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024399|Wuro Mallum Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.70609|9.70609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024592|Pakin Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.68891|12.74423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129024793|Guriki Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.077238|12.734317|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129025359|Handa Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129025480|Ngajing Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.13781|12.187341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129025619|Gudu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.93694|12.51683|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129026761|Dashen Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.577222|12.13417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129026890|Sili Tudu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.87189|9.77247|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129027317|Mbulo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.64632|12.02566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129027331|Mbishim Primary Health clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.2154|12.34511|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129027333|Mbangen Essande Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.679|11.95392|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129027433|Shilon Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.80714|12.41233|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129036539|Gambo Jimeta Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28325|12.45902|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129036628|23Rd Army Medical Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.23412|12.41786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129036706|Walowol Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.24891|12.42312|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129036900|Kurnyi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.92716|9.90453|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129036967|Valli Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.45508|12.45506|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129037097|Bachure Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.24344|12.42442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129037194|Valada Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.23528|12.44685|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129037375|State Polytechnic Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26244|12.44969|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129037405|Bekaji Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.25952|12.43938|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129038022|Walu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.92267|9.90181|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129038248|Matco Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.24066|12.45398|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129038488|New Boshong Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.25785|12.44148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129038725|Boshikiri Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.838123|9.642842|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129038823|Police Medical Center, Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26006|12.453357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129039433|Burthi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.8698|9.681896|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129040058|Dumna Dutse Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.86923|9.71014|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129040260|Peace Hospital Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27336|12.44388|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129040784|Nassarawo Primary Health Care Center Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28035|12.44374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129040803|Dumna Zerbu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.869289|9.710251|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129041356|Dawa'U Clinic Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.263446|12.459024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129041686|Duwo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.87973|9.69376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129041711|Atiku Abubakar Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26796|12.45769|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129042608|Tsalbu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.87973|9.59376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129042656|Gaanda Federal Model Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15155|12.42212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129043160|Tuhura Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.87973|9.673076|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129043839|Zakawon Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.832317|9.666126|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129046512|EYN Health Clinic Garkida]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.41588|12.56837|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129047221|Garkida Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.37757|12.60478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129047851|Sul-Saad Memorial Nursing Home & Maternity Garkida]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.40615|12.56581|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129049116|Suktu Sarki Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.69838|12.31155|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129049904|Prambe Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.82316|12.21535|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129050933|Waltandi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.76969|12.23685|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129053030|Galbose Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26525|12.45536|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129053309|Bamaiyi Hospital Adamawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28158|12.45062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129053616|Wuyaku Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.45105|12.56505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129053627|Major Aminu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28481|12.44856|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129053956|Dawari Clinic & Maternity Gombi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16715|12.73638|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129053968|Dougeri Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.25515|12.47183|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129054804|Government House Clinic Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.25653|12.47172|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129055210|Gwadabawa Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27744|12.46304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129055246|Gaya-Sikalmi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.42298|12.97433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129055523|Idi Atta Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26058|12.47492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129055699|Maki Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.37929|13.04004|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129056115|Mijili Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.34844|12.97353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129056742|Dzakwa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129056976|Hildi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.40428|13.17038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129057597|Paragalda Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.39979|13.18747|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129058146|Fadama Rake Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129058540|Gombi B Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.17904|12.73658|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129059095|Gombi C Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16642|12.74417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129059820|Trust Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16334|12.73687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129059839|Gudumiya Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.19227|12.79325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129060172|Balwhona Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.31793|12.68137|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129060390|Hong 'C' Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.23015|12.92919|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129066527|Holma Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.903025|13.054849|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129067323|Kwargoshe Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16061|12.28005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129067792|Kwambla Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.27326|13.09706|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129067931|Wuro Dole Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.38064|12.60327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129068504|163 Nigerian Airforce Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26889|12.44036|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129069083|Yang Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.092536|12.218689|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129069210|Saint Francis Hospital,Adamawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28319|12.41522|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129069652|Sheno Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.25808|12.57318|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129069702|Jambutu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28522|12.43024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129069969|Haske Nursing Home and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28768|12.42111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129070144|Geriyo Nursing Home and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28648|12.42576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129070151|Bokki Tawa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.04856|12.65691|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129070301|Damilu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27038|12.41894|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129070591|Bebe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26576|12.61267|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129071394|Girgithan Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16327|12.53418|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129072364|Gombawa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.90768|11.94128|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129072771|Lokoro Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.90795|11.94103|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129073290|Gunda Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.84689|11.96385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129074593|Zumo Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.86048|12.94498|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129076013|Gangseini Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.32889|11.71197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129076031|Aso Rock Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.28782|12.40914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129077439|Gaya Kuva Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.44405|13.00335|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129077710|Gaya Fa'a Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.465271|12.985474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129077843|Hombo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.77118|12.42961|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129078011|Gashala Mamudu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.40413|13.08343|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129078283|Kwapre Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.46746|12.84379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129078624|Gangsanji Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.646418|12.080255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129078629|Kinging Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.39691|12.74831|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129078957|Garaha Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.36249|12.86681|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129079410|Dabna Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.38286|12.8236|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129079860|Zhendinyi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.14466|12.98991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080114|Uding Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15517|12.90734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080425|Mbolinyi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.09832|12.05606|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080597|Farang Van Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.748611|12.04611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080692|Dakza Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15117|13.00344|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080826|Yola Federal College Of Education Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.24138|12.45841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080949|Dumne Town Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.77954|12.40148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129080979|Daksiri Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.14427|12.92877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129081318|Mutuku Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.295105|12.959473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129081592|Mbalwaha Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.32945|12.94301|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129081719|Munagu Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.26082|12.46041|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129081763|Dumne Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.79613|12.38247|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129081864|Makera Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.283|13.07624|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129082116|Kwatau Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.325073|13.020874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129082415|Kala'a Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.24935|13.01435|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129082711|Bakka Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.77582|12.49702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129082731|Bangshika Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.19478|12.99119|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129083088|Mirinyi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.09637|12.95448|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084785|Dirma Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.80547|12.33226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084910|Theble Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.695797|11.915927|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084952|Pondiwe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.89152|12.01207|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084973|Gangkiri Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.75146|12.28704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084983|Taksi Gangteen Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.17781|12.01088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084990|Kwalgaura Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.713126|11.937893|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129084996|Timbo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.19596|12.00212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085015|Timbukum Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.18991|12.03364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085031|Kola Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.67878|11.99468|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085035|Kogin Baba Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|7.901914|11.53133|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085041|Wuro-Abbo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.829167|12.120883|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085053|Shongoli Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|7.867037|11.683485|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085066|Gangnai Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.75175|12.091001|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085096|Kerau Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.656377|11.89967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085100|Kurmi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.24221|13.15334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085114|Kilbawo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.83082|12.24449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085130|Gashala Kufam Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.3531|13.10837|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085156|Naiwa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.33235|13.12243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085195|Kwarhi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.31736|13.1582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085376|Gashala Migzil Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.32771|13.08326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085727|Mombol Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.11622|13.03239|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129085962|Kwakwa'a Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.19395|13.04504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086068|Garari Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.10821|13.00789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086069|Gonglare Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.8601|12.14611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086082|Dilwachira Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.20933|13.10978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086172|Hong A Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.22714|12.91764|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086415|Njari Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.27881|13.21974|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086679|Hong General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.23476|12.94576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129086907|Madza'a Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.24935|12.92977|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129087133|Munga Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.23356|12.93824|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129087430|Buzza Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.17962|12.82685|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129087684|Dzumah Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.17813|12.93843|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129088675|Daduken Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.03301|11.80003|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129090094|Drif Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.43551|13.38182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129090229|Gashaka Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16947|12.97237|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129090805|Kokko Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.12829|12.77958|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129091585|Lappou Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.55168|12.41028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129091737|Vemgo Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.70576|13.38385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129092044|Kojoli Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.57357|12.38017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129092392|Geulsima Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.489559|12.31873|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129092897|Gadjo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.50895|12.3754|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129093388|Bello Petel Health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52478|12.35869|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129094643|Mayo-Wandu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.70766|13.43829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129094657|Salasa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.63891|12.44615|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129094659|Balauru Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.64487|12.32524|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129094802|Jarandi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.696945|12.23845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129095101|Sisikira Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.90608|11.93486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129095206|Gang Abdu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.61427|12.13819|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129095663|Mangla Nana Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.64218|12.04321|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129096039|Gang'alada Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.70145|12.04021|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129096295|Pwalamwoliye Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.90793|11.94128|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129096803|Mangapila Nursing And Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.9101|11.93412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129097238|Jaranyala Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.9041|11.94017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129097778|Jakely Mat Clinic And Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.90793|11.94128|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129098313|Guyuk Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.9793|11.94128|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129100828|Guyuk LCCN Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.748068|11.919988|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129101230|Barka Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.90581|11.92518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129103347|Gberwene Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.72437|12.37306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129106425|Mwam Nursing Home and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.65331|12.55726|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129107615|Batum Maternity Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.85263|12.35825|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129108500|Talum Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.74965|11.97143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129108747|Lainde Dama Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.77796|12.07246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129109029|Kula Dutse Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.803101|12.102478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129109048|Murke Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.65749|12.55769|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129109614|Bolki Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.78289|12.56462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129110229|Sigire Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.92796|12.61684|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129110343|Lamurde Maternal and Child Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.60654|11.78987|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129110895|Kesure Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.014751|12.558205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129111770|Ngbakawo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.51946|11.80198|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129111809|Clinic B Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.83366|12.62885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129112396|Gulungo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.84468|12.61101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129113279|Sabon Layi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.57668|11.73371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129114378|Tupto Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|6.1228|11.65796|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129115580|Opalo primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.51159|11.93163|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129117084|Zekkun Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.51629|11.89892|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129118433|Haske Weta Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.81174|12.61609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129119009|Bajen Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.54435|11.77327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129122721|Rigange Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.57199|11.76099|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129123887|Balaifi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.50297|11.46864|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129133627|Dambara Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|7.90831|11.59482|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129133904|Sabon Gari Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|7.84571|11.70429|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129134025|Cottage Hospital Toungo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]]<br/>[[Yola]] | {{Coord|8.12344|12.04697|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129134244|Dadinkowa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.11904|12.03523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129134399|Toungo 1 Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.12591|12.04391|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129138273|Lainde Chita Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.11799|12.10157|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129138575|Mayo-Butale Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|7.98253|11.98938|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129138951|Toungo 2 Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.11593|12.05082|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129139114|Gangzamanu Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.21749|12.09532|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129139391|Lawan Dakka Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.19006|12.04089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129143642|Gyakan Maternal And Child Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.49392|11.55278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129147159|Pella Women In Health Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15464|12.92605|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129148129|Hussara Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.48393|13.23602|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129148879|Jalingo Health Post (Hong)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.978088|12.07312|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129149791|Uba A Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.46056|13.22857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129150663|Uba B Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.45095|13.21781|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129152404|Gadamayo Primary Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.74395|13.40946|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129152678|Dagali Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.78772|13.36188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129152917|Hyambula 2 Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.86981|13.52535|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129153138|Bitiku Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.88643|13.38017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129153375|MDG Gulak Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.81264|13.45825|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129153618|Kaya Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.81263|13.4217|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129153861|Cottage Hospital Gulak]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.80478|13.45155|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129154139|Bakin Dutse Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.76552|13.43032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129154332|Muleng Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.80854|12.72065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129154391|Shuwa Mission Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.73928|13.40805|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129154658|Lumadu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.74958|13.41837|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129154908|Duhu Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.78859|13.4384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129155158|Sukur Settlement Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.87841|13.60979|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129156291|Humbutudi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.12277|13.15877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129159502|Kirchinga Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.784799|13.352548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129160691|Kopa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.78203|13.35259|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129162619|Wuron Ngayandi Mdg Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.70986|13.37455|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129162699|Jamatari Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.56046|13.16621|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129163053|Bugel Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.63684|13.21896|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129163275|Belel Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.66653|13.2249|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129163508|Wulla Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.72792|13.6247|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129163522|Sapeo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.45833|12.38556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129163584|Madagali Primary Health Care Center (Bamaka)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.89674|13.62346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129163731|Wulla Kushiri Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.74236|13.63241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129164084|Vizik Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.84333|13.68808|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129164175|Muduvu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.80316|13.59116|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129164440|Chakawa Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.89119|13.58189|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129164565|Purokayo Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.93028|11.94739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129164719|Sukur Sama Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.73652|13.6257|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129165231|Bafiyo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.60197|11.83377|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129165666|Mildu Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.81822|13.57353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129165738|Mamsirme Maternal and Child Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.65858|11.82015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129165748|Dubwange Primary Health Care Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.56761|11.86858|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129165990|Lugdira Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.09194|13.19875|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129165992|Lafiya Waja Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.64596|11.81542|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166175|Sabon Loko Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.789978|12.604645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166226|Dede Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.05464|13.23508|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166346|Mbemun Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.56894|11.83325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166348|Savanah Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.58921|11.91523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166353|Bwade Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.06387|13.27006|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166361|Amana Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.06267|13.18463|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166364|Gyawana Primary Health care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.56958|11.88144|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166396|Wodi Sakato primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.0231|9.46059|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166463|Hadiyo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.58821|11.80826|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166555|Maiha Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.06507|13.18962|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166851|Pare Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.02451|9.46333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166858|Lassun Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.54358|11.66581|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166861|Lugga Babba Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.96828|13.28067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166866|Binyeri Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.742676|11.837097|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166885|Tudun Wada Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.0357|9.45812|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166898|Suwa Maternal And Child Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.53403|11.60778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166916|Maiha Gari Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.99352|13.21853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166921|Mayo-Nguli Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.06251|13.1841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166924|Salma Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.06153|13.18313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166939|Bamtato Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.03019|9.45931|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166960|Kwah Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.47416|11.63723|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166964|Nasarawo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.01407|13.21338|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166990|Shaforon Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.91679|9.4594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129166995|Paiwawol Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.0932|13.1306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167005|Tingno Dutse Maternal and Child Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.55025|11.69772|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167017|Gangpana Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.70335|11.82516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167025|Kodomti Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.93029|9.45611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167029|Salma Koli Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.01599|13.09765|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167039|Furema'ane Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.11955|13.20682|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167043|Gangtagani Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.839185|11.864726|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167064|Boken Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.00094|13.24639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167077|Gambe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.62335|11.82466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167100|Kikon Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.98327|9.47552|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167137|Ma'ane Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.09241|13.24635|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167146|Gangfada Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.67695|11.91096|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167168|Mbulo Primary Health Clinic (Mayo-Belwa)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.721924|11.923889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167181|Pola Kanoki Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.64329|11.87419|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167248|Byamti Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.83947|9.4663|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167268|Zangun Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.98646|9.50216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167272|Paiwawol Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.0932|13.1306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167295|Manjekin Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.03902|13.13404|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167325|Ngbalang Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.01794|9.52041|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167331|Hubare Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.09081|13.09942|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167350|Lugga Babba Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.96828|13.28067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167365|Kwapukai Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.86162|9.50058|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167386|Laide Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.74762|12.65275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167395|Jaba Jaba Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.97407|13.22689|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167415|Al-Muktar Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.99558|13.21754|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167427|Imburu Primary HealthCare Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.01727|9.48682|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167443|Wuro Kurori Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.53511|13.12776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167470|Konkol Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.64508|13.10308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167492|Tunga Ladan Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.5827|9.41369|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167498|Boloko Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.55187|13.1062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167513|Vokuna Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.13087|13.17006|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167529|Gamadio Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.67407|9.4652|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167531|Mbalagi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.2059|13.12499|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167552|Lubum Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.17626|13.17346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167567|Mayo-farang Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.95168|12.06193|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167581|Waduku Maternal and Child Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.50746|11.64446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167613|Gijaro Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.004742|12.172258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167623|Jereng Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.95948|11.89516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167649|Ganglamja Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.84268|11.923889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167670|Dadoru Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.05294|11.06717|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167710|Bura-manga Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.91484|12.00192|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167714|Yanga Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.6611|9.4002|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167737|Yelwa Primary Health Care Center (Mayo-Belwa)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.17735|11.75004|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167754|Wakka Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.05989|11.81048|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167772|Ubakka Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.23|12.46|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167793|Wapa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167809|Tugga Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.156921|12.011719|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167841|Gengle Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.1127|11.923889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167867|Pola Sabon Gari Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.66333|11.896729|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167897|Tola Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.76651|11.96852|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167943|Kibang Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.74898|11.94133|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167968|Gangwaso Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.76353|11.96763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129167975|Pegin Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.11511|13.19342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168021|Yolde Gubudo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.09678|12.04733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168027|Gyawan Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.66532|12.50196|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168054|Labbare Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.12507|12.05827|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168117|Ndikong Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.16982|12.20098|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168126|Namdu Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.21059|12.14611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168146|Jumtobe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.12283|12.13581|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168163|Taksi Goni Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.177608|12.04211|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168222|Yeliso Federal Model Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.2303|12.12452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168236|Gorobi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.08105|11.77277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168238|Ajiya Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27808|12.45887|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168243|Goni Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.07611|11.84692|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168263|Bajama Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.01923|11.89597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168265|El-Yaz Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.89096|13.2011|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168297|Wuro-Alhaji Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.92422|13.23701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168343|Tambajam Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.95208|13.18606|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168357|Wuro-Boka Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.91596|13.23289|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168372|Magara Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.00756|13.14258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168402|Sorau Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.74592|13.24905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168475|Mayo-Vamde Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.71212|13.11351|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129168609|Wuro-Ladde Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.89163|13.20424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169128|Jambutu Health Post (Mayo-Belwa)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21722|12.20763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169152|Galamba Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.78256|12.65272|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169179|Garu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.10422|12.13674|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169210|Dalehi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.18|12.42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169239|Township Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.05055|12.05717|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169240|Tsohon Loko Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.76905|12.58358|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169285|Mayo-Belwa Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.05935|12.05326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169333|Mayo-Belwa Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.05929|12.06436|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169350|Song Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.81815|12.62062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169361|Mayo Sanganare Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.08447|12.07456|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169393|Jawab Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.05659|12.06052|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169447|Bayero Maternity and Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.05864|12.05909|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169477|Sebore Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.909485|12.111084|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169492|Mbalgare Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.8773|12.07032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169525|Michika Town Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.61947|13.39269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169599|Main Market Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.62013|13.50104|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169839|Kula Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.81444|12.10303|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169879|Kukta Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.70534|12.25946|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169925|Kofan Sarki Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.61529|13.38784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170077|Roma Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.69674|12.44236|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170094|Watu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.60022|13.36276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170114|Kuburshosho Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.64901|13.29703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170128|Kiri Maternal and Child Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21|12.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170140|Blashafa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.63308|13.32266|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170170|Tundu Wada Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.58831|13.34921|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170214|Reki L.C.C.N Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.17|12.41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170242|Kankilia primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.60893|13.28428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170247|Ketembere Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.95723|11.99027|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170272|Jigalambu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.57986|13.34084|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170275|Senior Camp Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170290|Jabi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.697622|12.13661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170519|Garta Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.61579|13.49735|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170581|Kambilam Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.733527|12.116679|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129170723|Jamali Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.86079|12.08067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129171229|Kate Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.23|12.46|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129171495|Wuroyanka Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.08343|12.08343|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129171782|Ayeboi Nursing and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172009|Karlaje L.C.C.N Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.04332|12.05018|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172018|Gadam Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.18|12.42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172122|Nafada Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16482|12.1188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172214|Kongma Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.11167|12.10778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172225|Karlaje Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.04218|12.04844|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172602|Bobere Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.69524|12.02896|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172700|Kongoli Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.78898|13.10579|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172754|Kowagol Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.97073|13.1177|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172776|Zarbana Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.46728|12.02587|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172800|Vih Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.55545|13.38815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172808|Tilijo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.54521|13.35673|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129172816|Khouro Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.53143|13.38353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129173029|Bokka Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.51804|13.42823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129173156|Kwabapale Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.64341|13.33328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129173303|Dzurok Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.68854|13.30967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129173580|Watsila Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.52714|13.32746|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129173763|Tsukumu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.55786|13.30853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129173956|Sina Kwande Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.56697|13.52688|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175294|Gangtaren Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.17|12.41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175319|Dasu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.03305|11.74332|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175336|Timyeren Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.000781|11.83206|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175358|Gum Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|7.750035|11.666707|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175397|Kilalai Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|7.914618|11.879124|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175415|Tola-Jabu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.76585|11.92725|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175424|Tipsan Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|7.981031|12.20409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175443|Dalasum Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.07491|12.04752|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175507|Dugdu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.09242|12.00768|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175580|Mentani Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.12463|12.01709|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175603|Binkola Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.00703|12.03892|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175611|Naya Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.15863|11.9295|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175615|Chukkol Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.00386|11.95636|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175620|Mbela Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.01738|12.00944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175630|Dakeu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.15376|11.991906|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175633|Makera Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.46608|12.02007|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175648|Futu Dou Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.54782|13.47628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175662|Pilo Tara Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.5235|12.02972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175665|Futuless Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.57513|13.47599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175674|Himike Dou Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.57513|13.47705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175678|Garta Kasa primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.65832|13.49829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175682|Shekina Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.46576|12.03075|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175689|Dowaya Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.4345|11.99487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175705|Gweda Mallam Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.45234|12.03087|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175708|Sina Gali Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.497192|13.521784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175716|Kamale Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.64261|13.54266|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175752|Nkafamiya Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.58172|13.42316|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175771|Muni Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.60459|13.40205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175773|Moda Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.63331|13.40509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175779|Dlaka Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.61605|13.42034|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175784|Minkisi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.64811|13.42047|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175788|NYSC Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.31891|12.44735|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175790|EYN Health Clinic Mbororo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.63661|13.45036|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175796|Drigimi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.68509|13.40269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175797|Shelleng Town Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.0633|12.0506|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175800|Tetek Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21|12.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175801|Michika II Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.63035|13.39397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175812|Gwagarab Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175831|Bodwai Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.18|12.42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175867|Jonkolo Gede Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.83567|12.14923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175872|Jimbo Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21|12.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129175878|Bakta Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176053|Wayam Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.265|12.1181|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176283|Wisdom Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.45937|12.0366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176336|Salti Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.44907|11.75559|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129176549|Vulpi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.45855|11.72416|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177073|New Life Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26873|13.28397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177113|Lokuwa Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26729|13.2802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177139|Nzumosu primary health care center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|11.6242|9.3841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177140|Federal Polytechnic Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.28255|13.28101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177169|College of Health Tech. Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.27435|13.29279|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177204|Ubandoma Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.0147|9.60247|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177233|ADSU Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.28235|13.28091|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177251|Sabon Pegi Bare Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.02087|9.5437|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177255|Kolere Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.24156|13.27036|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177318|Yaza Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.2621|13.26263|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177321|Bare Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.04358|9.59426|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177343|Digil Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26191|13.26262|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177366|Didif Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.37323|13.22894|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177416|Suzuwa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.4888|13.34532|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177422|Gwapopolok Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.16414|10.25311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177458|Kwa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.47308|13.28269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177525|Betso Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.50306|13.32632|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177540|Maduguva Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.21943|13.45225|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177570|Burha Vango Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.2654|13.47978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129177592|Bahuli Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.25211|13.41065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129178454|Bakku Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.56183|13.40846|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129179162|Kem Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.64921|11.9773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129179464|Jilvu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.36342|13.45223|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129180417|Bagira Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.32165|13.40057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129181043|Miza Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.41985|13.39302|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129185979|Zahgretia Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.46622|13.48706|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129186472|Thuku Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.42688|13.48575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129186745|Buppa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.45856|13.41883|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129186803|Birabira Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.87816|12.08992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129187107|Wambilimi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.58477|13.38508|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129187383|Mijilu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.4146|13.42054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129187833|Dirbishi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.198994|13.40861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129188103|Kiriya Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.45982|13.36549|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129188255|Donge Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.86007|12.04134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129188357|Kochifa Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.24156|13.27046|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129188680|Muva Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.3575|13.32596|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129188740|Dazala Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.27041|13.27947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129189178|Basira Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.27332|13.23582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129189398|Gombeyel Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.80353|12.05546|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129189570|Vimtim Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.32241|13.30806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129190742|Mayo-Bani Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.44165|13.24169|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129192489|Gbalapun Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.44226|11.78449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129193926|Gangtaren Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.17|12.41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129194693|Sa'adatu Collage Of Health Demostration Clinic Barama]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.16442|13.17195|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129194971|Girji Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.20171|13.25359|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129195038|Ribawo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.34915|13.32445|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129195483|Muda Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.19459|13.23878|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129195566|Duda Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.27781|13.3411|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129195990|Wuro Alkali Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.27017|13.2669|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129196381|Sabon Layi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.24157|13.27035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129196473|Mugulbu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.19997|13.22339|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129196859|Muchalla Federal Model Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.35843|13.37586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129197400|Baguna Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.216125|13.363525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129197436|Kotirde Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.43603|13.28101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129198458|Wuro Gude Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26046|13.26698|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129198846|Tsaranyi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.147278|13.257324|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129199075|Mujara Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.18244|13.352957|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129199108|Njaah Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.25589|13.25317|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129199192|Nduku Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.10606|13.24911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129199559|Kwadankin Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.13672|13.20699|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129200066|Sahuda Primary Healthcare Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.14232|13.41589|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129200517|Lamurde Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.24321|13.25613|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129200644|Kagi'i Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15088|13.22161|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129201009|Gaya Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.25245|13.26212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129201762|Arhan-Kunu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26732|13.23643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129203333|Kwaja Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.10663|13.31191|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129203396|Dubu-Dubu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.15959|13.19648|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129203699|Beta Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.07573|13.28798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129204300|Kissa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.106873|13.304871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129206246|Numan Maternal And Child Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.462095|12.03199|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129206623|Sabon Pegi Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129206868|Al-umma Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26258|13.27368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129207304|Jonkolo Njamri Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.18|12.42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129208096|Chaba Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21|12.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129208399|Gandira Federal Model Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.22|12.45|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129208832|Gella Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.19|12.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129208950|Kinga Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.090881|13.302307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129209001|Didango Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.74232|12.61219|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129209462|Wuro Patuji Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26565|13.28446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129209811|Ngavahi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.207703|13.287903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129210183|Monduva Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.21831|13.32281|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129210565|Gydkwara Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.19056|13.29409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129210790|Malluha Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2|12.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129210878|Gude Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.19733|13.30815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129211447|Girimburum Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.11587|13.39903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129211556|Clinic A Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.82088|12.62038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129211807|Duvu Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.133118|13.345703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129212216|Ayuwa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.149475|13.230713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129212581|Wuro Bulude Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26116|13.26972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129212835|Yorrong Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.84375|12.08061|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129213007|Yewa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.259094|13.33551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129213338|Sahuda Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.14232|13.41589|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129213757|Madanya Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26388|13.30859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129214708|Yadafa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.21183|13.19053|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129219032|Guding Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.44139|11.98947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129220011|Gangjaen Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.419881|11.95784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129229123|Gondong Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.02309|12.02056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129229308|Barata Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.09765|12.03178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129229457|Labau Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.05165|12.01534|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129231426|Lababiri Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.66765|12.07929|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129231536|Kurungu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.64471|11.99083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129254942|Njoboliyo Health Post Primary Public Adamawa Yola South Mbamba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.58086|9.22442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255544|Umuawa Aloacha Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|5.5417|7.475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255610|Mubi General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.26355|13.27003|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255710|General Hospital Numan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.468463|12.032504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129255768|Basha Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.46721|12.03301|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133696405|Hong Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]]<br/>[[Yola]] | {{Coord|9.2035|12.495389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133696521|Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]]<br/>[[Yola]] | {{Coord|9.277917|12.447028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136527397|Gulak hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.804807|13.451415|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136708649|GDCM HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2035|12.495389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136708668|Guyuk General hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2035|12.495389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136708730|St Francis Hospital - (Jambutu)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.2035|12.495389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136915664|MATCO CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.240524|12.453854|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137145229|Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.195124|12.490284|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137156850|Adamawa State Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.277613|12.446847|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137156873|Adamawa-German Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.24713|12.448563|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137156879|Dawa 'u clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.263449|12.459037|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137156952|St. Francis Hospital, Yola]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.283163|12.414441|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137156959|FCE yola Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.334333|12.495676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137157009|Daama Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.27101|12.45089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137157409|New Boshang Hospital ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.275287|12.65614|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137158711|Sauki Hospital, jimeta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.281164|12.434874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208140|Toungo Helth care Center]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.229428|12.005701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101824134|Nagazi Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4680897|Adavi]]'' | {{Coord|7.58438|6.22951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101824689|Adavi Eba Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4680897|Adavi]]'' | {{Coord|7.563045|6.179847|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732144|Ilasa Model Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q300781|Ado Birk]]'' | {{Coord|7.7977|5.695821|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115023666|TRINITY HOSPITAL, EKITI STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Adó-Èkìtì]] | {{Coord|7.657271|5.230732|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115023932|SANYA HOSPITAL, EKITI STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Adó-Èkìtì]] | {{Coord|7.401565|5.247508|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132126844|Afe BabalolaUniversity Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Adó-Èkìtì]] | {{Coord|7.608437|5.255241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136747705|Heirs Multi-Specialist Hospital Oye]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Adó-Èkìtì]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Oye]] | {{Coord|7.802874|5.334502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732059|Okeyinmi Primary Health Centre]]'' | Abúlé ni orílẹ̀-èdè Naija | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Adó-Èkìtì]] | {{Coord|7.6167|5.2167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q99357703|Okediji Primary Health Care, Ilora]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Afijió|Afijió]] | {{Coord|7.800893|3.903394|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q99358161|Aged and Widow Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Afijió|Afijió]] | {{Coord|8.126065|4.243214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137272749|Ijaye Ojutaye Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Afijió|Afijió]] | {{Coord|3.87141|3.87141|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114815703|DAYSPRING SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q3848215|Agbor]]'' | {{Coord|5.547008|5.757475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114926708|SOMTOCHI SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q3848215|Agbor]]'' | {{Coord|5.52|5.76|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261272|Federal Medical Centre, Jabi - Abuja, FCT]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Olú-ìlú Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ Nàíjíríà]] | {{Coord|9.015052|7.407736|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101925322|Okuta General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Baruten|Agbègbè Ìjọba Baruten]] | {{Coord|9.224056|3.1965|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101925616|Ilesha Baruba Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Baruten|Agbègbè Ìjọba Baruten]] | {{Coord|8.912987|3.419773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956035|Lafiak Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Abaji]] | {{Coord|8.475269|6.946062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136535517|General Hospital Abaji]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Àbújá]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Abaji]] | {{Coord|8.487139|6.943861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102177580|Faramed clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ado-Odo/Ota]] | {{Coord|6.691308|3.242087|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101952249|Agaie General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agaie]] | {{Coord|9.014|6.327972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101956393|J.A Lashman Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.622444|3.334417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245167|Veta Hospital Ltd]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.620218|3.300083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245564|Today Medicare and Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.626495|3.312162|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956178|Molayo Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.633217|3.312899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956963|May-Fair medical centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.623103|3.319607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957302|Bolasad Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.622527|3.313541|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957497|Hamfar hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.610279|3.312029|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957527|Olu Adebo Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.640144|3.314304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957589|Bankole Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.616472|3.327742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957662|Prema Sai Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.619775|3.327888|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957753|Beta Hospital Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.626787|3.309781|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957980|All Souls Infirmary Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.628144|3.321853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958155|Rambola Abiola Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.634491|3.31663|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958866|Mucas hospital Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.612917|3.305936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958895|Dunia Hospital Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agége|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Agege]] | {{Coord|6.636433|3.313717|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135114501|General Hospital, Ekwulobia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aguata]] | {{Coord|6.025638|7.077038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101823716|Asco Medical Center, Ajaokuta]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajaokuta]] | {{Coord|7.51175|6.690556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101953380|El-Trinity Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.460111|3.335333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101954491|St Mary's Cardoso Primary Health Care]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.453778|3.335194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101954960|Efan Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.443455|3.331224|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101955324|Natafod Consultants Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.465583|3.334556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101955985|Saint Milla Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.460611|3.351472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956428|Ola-Silver Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.445065|3.331337|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956460|Beebat Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.460116|3.338671|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956521|Bayo Ogunro Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.44805|3.327924|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956658|Faleti Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.44989|3.342072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956840|Halisa Gold Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.450079|3.342284|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956946|ZOLLINGER HOSPITAL Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.450133|3.347886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957035|Tolu Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.460705|3.333731|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957836|Eze Udo Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.456447|3.351159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957907|ZEM-ZEM MATERNITY CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.468104|3.343458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106293294|All Souls Clinic Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajeromi/Ifelodun]] | {{Coord|6.461711|3.333972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122948074|Tumu Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akko]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.290306|10.968|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101584682|Ibillo General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akoko-Ẹdó]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5984054|Ibillo]]'' | {{Coord|7.438809|6.082853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552651|General Hospital Akwanga]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akwanga]] | {{Coord|8.906664|8.407457|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552816|Nasarawa state College Of Education Medical Center, Akwanga]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akwanga]] | {{Coord|8.935746|8.401893|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101939827|Akwanga College Of Education Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akwanga]] | {{Coord|8.935972|8.401972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197996|Our Lady Of Apostles Hospital Akwanga]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akwanga]] | {{Coord|8.906567|8.408439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101952749|Westcare Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.597583|3.299667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101954097|Peak Health Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.630611|3.283917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102267348|St Monica Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.593434|3.233749|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102267523|St. Joseph Medical Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.609984|3.291789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102267566|St Williams Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.589329|3.275625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270735|Ropheka Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.599109|3.297277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102271347|Quick Care Hospitals]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.595129|3.287748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957131|Divine Blessing Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.546801|3.238916|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957165|Madaniyah Women Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.541675|3.233022|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957221|El-Dunamis Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.5427|3.224369|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957356|Isuti Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.551856|3.21959|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957486|Santa Maria Hospital Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.548823|3.231184|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957523|Ooh-Bee Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.541063|3.280491|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105957546|Summerstone Specialist Hospital and Trauma Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.542721|3.277593|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958813|Bio-Batam hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Alimosho]] | {{Coord|6.620709|3.305816|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270940|Rhowil Total Care Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Amuwo-Odofin]] | {{Coord|6.44975|3.263893|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101823219|Ankpa General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ankpa]] | {{Coord|7.382139|7.621056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123003583|General Hospital Babura]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Babura]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.773207|9.017963|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123105572|General Hospital, Bungudu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bagudo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]] | {{Coord|12.270723|6.559793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122948187|Bambam Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Balanga]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.694764|11.514565|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122955612|General Hospital Talasse]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Balanga]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.283306|11.166694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130505375|Talasse General Hospital, Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Balanga]] | {{Coord|11.66896|9.97306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123073599|General Hospital - Batsari]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Batsari]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.769358|7.261737|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123073662|General Hospital - Baure]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Baure]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.841793|8.735722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122948374|General Hospital Billiri South]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Billiri]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.882141|11.208947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098736|FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, JIGAWA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Birnin Kudu]] | {{Coord|11.4423|9.485239|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102059091|Iragbiji Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Boripe]] | {{Coord|7.908995|4.68401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102037751|Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|7.769194|4.548694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956078|Express Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.145919|7.316517|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958969|Daughters of Charity St Vincent Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.162031|7.360239|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959038|Pearl Family Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.1687|7.331012|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959121|King's Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.151425|7.337643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959310|Royal Lord Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.144292|7.374015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959339|Medford Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.127358|7.491541|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959364|Divine Winners Medical and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.139808|7.368609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959391|Jethrone Hospital and Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.141857|7.315379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959407|Kenony Clinic Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.144738|7.328897|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959492|Viva Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.261887|7.384562|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Viva Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q105960889|Gabic divine clinic and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.267477|7.37482|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Gabic divine clinic and maternity.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q105961001|Laura Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.259632|7.884675|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105961051|Boris Clinics Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.144002|7.322439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105961110|Denyion Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.147479|7.322825|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105961119|Unity Clinic & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.149208|7.328357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105982207|Bwari Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.281758|7.385099|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Bwari Medical Centre.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q106072089|ZOPUTA CLINIC AND MATERNITY ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.151819|7.34839|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106080359|CEDAMB Hospital Mpape]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bwari]] | {{Coord|9.132142|7.493994|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139002357|Rohi Healthcare Centre, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Chikun]] | {{Coord|10.487|7.4186|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Rohi Health Care Center 03.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q139470797|Northcare hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Chikun]] | {{Coord|10.4294|7.4326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133885687|Federal Medical Centre, Daura]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Daura]] | {{Coord|13.035748|8.309165|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125988983|Obake Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Efon]] | {{Coord|7.650599|4.996891|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101988965|General Hospital Itori]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ewekoro]] | {{Coord|6.93375|3.21925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175135|Sodipo Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ewekoro]] | {{Coord|6.936848|3.223214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123048913|Fufore Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Fufore]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.21648|12.66393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123382538|Jillahi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Funakaye]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.774368|11.399671|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123382606|The Bage Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Funakaye]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.96227|11.389101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123048951|General Hospital Ganye]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ganye]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|8.435857|12.062445|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85762763|Garki Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Garki]] | {{Coord|9.03464|7.484623|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956200|Alliance Hospital Abuja Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Garki]] | {{Coord|9.027768|7.496009|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638939|General Hospital Geidam]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Geidam]] | {{Coord|12.8945|11.9265|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128905030|Dakri Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Girei]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|12.45764|9.33521|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123050907|General Hospital Garkida]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gombi]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.411992|12.56504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123120218|Gummi General Hospital Magaji]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gummi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12678800|Zamfara]]'' | {{Coord|12.141831|5.123291|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123050983|Cottage Hospital Guyuk]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Guyuk]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|9.919699|11.940354|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958214|Diamond Crest Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|9.065162|7.390896|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958305|Gwagwalada Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|8.935302|7.080911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958427|Ehigbachi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|9.098192|7.216832|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958529|Rose Haske Clinic and Maternity Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|8.938948|7.078164|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958581|Living Stream Specialist Medical Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|8.962762|7.078409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958712|St. Mary's Catholic Hospital Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|8.944003|7.077363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958767|Allied Specialist Hospital and Diagnostic Center Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|8.943466|7.071844|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|8.943423|7.072627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105959457|Charis Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|9.018703|7.490955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106039838|Nakowa Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|10.646308|9.555772|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869284|Zuba Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|9.096328|7.215369|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869290|Zuba College Clinic]]'' | ụlọ ọrụ ahụike di na Naijiria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|5.414435|7.069967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869442|Old Kutunku Primary Health Center]]'' | ụlọ ọrụ ahụike di na Naijiria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gwagwalada|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwagwalada]] | {{Coord|8.929681|7.057397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123010423|Cottage Hospital Gwaram]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwaram]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|11.27763|9.883657|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101965767|Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.143833|3.380583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101989421|Ademola Maternity Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.162444|3.350389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101989763|Olikoye Community Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.1719|3.361821|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133260866|Lekfad Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.165691|3.368346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732163|Beacon Hospital and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Awka]] | {{Coord|6.222706|7.070143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732192|Regina ceali hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Awka]] | {{Coord|6.223343|7.074047|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038198|The Muslim Hospital Ede]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ede]] | {{Coord|7.749306|4.438417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038313|Peace Cottage Maternity And Clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ede]] | {{Coord|7.706156|4.445992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038394|Oreofe Hospital Ede]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ede]] | {{Coord|7.713536|4.441017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038527|Ede Central Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ede]] | {{Coord|7.723176|4.441637|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038797|Alpha Hospital and Maternity Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ede]] | {{Coord|5.520536|7.048258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102039078|Al Ameen Clinic Nursing And Maternity Home]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ede]] | {{Coord|7.734971|4.444129|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102059006|State Hospital Ede]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ede]] | {{Coord|7.710778|4.447861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493424|General Hospital Sabon Tasha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.445395|7.422804|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296113|Delta Hospital & Maternity Onitsha.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.137681|6.779762|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296162|Bethsaida Specialist Hospital & Maternity Onitsha.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.127974|6.782384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101993539|Ayo specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.279083|5.163028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101993943|First Mercy Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Àkúrẹ́]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.253176|5.182831|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.253302|5.18289|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173564|Hopeland Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.264073|5.17117|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101994474|Adesimi Ojoge Medical Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.12|5.22|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101998093|General Hospital Ipe]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.2|5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133878363|Federal Medical Centre, Hong]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Hong]] | {{Coord|10.234401|12.94654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101819817|Onyedega Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ibaji]] | {{Coord|6.3233|8.0244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703631|Adaha Esuk Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ibeno]] | {{Coord|7.97255|7.97255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102058436|Ora Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ifedayo]] | {{Coord|7.8|4.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102058563|Oke-Ila Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ifedayo]] | {{Coord|8.020612|5.014749|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102058355|State Hospital Ikirun]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ifelodun, Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun]] | {{Coord|7.902833|4.668639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101988127|Ifo General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ifọ̀, Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ifo]] | {{Coord|6.81225|3.197361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102249913|St. Shiloh Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ifọ̀, Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ifo]] | {{Coord|6.7149|3.232935|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024057|ADEMOLAWE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ikole]] | {{Coord|7.7983|5.5145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732289|Odo Ayedun Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ikole]] | {{Coord|7.814007|5.584672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038010|J. Nissi Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ila]] | {{Coord|9.006818|7.667427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038019|Ore-Ofe Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ila]] | {{Coord|6.482228|3.372098|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038025|Oluwaseun Nursing and Maternity Home]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ila]] | {{Coord|6.539662|3.394792|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102058281|General Hospital Ila orangun]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ila]] | {{Coord|8.023139|4.902278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552549|General Hospital Igbokoda]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ilaje]] | {{Coord|6.367128|4.790305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101991933|Luli Medical Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ilaje]] | {{Coord|6.541781|3.404602|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101969440|General Hospital Imeko]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Imeko-Afon]] | {{Coord|7.459139|2.837833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101968624|Ipokia General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ipokia]] | {{Coord|6.522833|2.843944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101969034|General Hospital ldiroko]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ipokia]] | {{Coord|6.639444|2.754056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102057966|State Hospital Ikire]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Irewole]] | {{Coord|7.374873|4.200157|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101860316|General Hospital Isanlu-Isin]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Isin]] | {{Coord|8.224686|5.08419|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122984727|Primary Health Center Melandige]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Itas/Gadau]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|11.935156|10.119372|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133655848|General Hospital Iboko]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Izzi]] | {{Coord|7.336864|9.001859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123010325|General Hospital Jahun]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Jahun]]<br/>''[[:d:Q94750398|Jigawa]]'' | {{Coord|12.07902|9.623024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130531618|MC Royal hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kachia]] | {{Coord|9.883026|7.955374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123010256|General Hospital Kafin Hausa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kafin Haúsá]]<br/>''[[:d:Q94750398|Jigawa]]'' | {{Coord|12.244526|9.917339|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101859155|General Hospital Kaiama]]'' | Olùpèsè ìlera gbogbogbò | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kaiama]] | {{Coord|9.601|3.945972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133504316|Al-Hikmah Clinic and Maternity Kaiama]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kaiama]] | {{Coord|3.93452|3.93452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111912344|General Hospital Kaltungo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kaltungo]] | {{Coord|9.8201|11.3119|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122947874|Cottage Hospital Tula Wange, Kaltungo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kaltungo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.829467|11.473286|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123339073|Yiri Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kaltungo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|9.795108|11.502488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123351150|Gujuba Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kaltungo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|9.94295|11.326356|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123351381|Kaltin Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kaltungo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|9.914656|11.47159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101948145|ABDULSALAM ABUBAKAR GENERAL HOSPITAL GULU]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Lapai]] | {{Coord|8.487007|6.943779|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101948476|General Hospital Lapai]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Lapai]] | {{Coord|9.053278|6.571417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101947916|Kutigi General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Lavun]] | {{Coord|9.20457|5.59418|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101947599|Bangi General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Mariga]] | {{Coord|10.829701|5.81962|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131905607|Alheri Medical Centre and Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Maru]] | {{Coord|8.858565|7.90853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123051076|General Hospital Michika]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Michika]]<br/>[[Yola]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.646442|13.38303|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133324495|GENERAL HOSPITAL MOKWA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Mokwa]] | {{Coord|9.298406|5.05672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133871281|Mokwa General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Mokwa]] | {{Coord|9.292834|5.054695|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101595304|Mopa Muro General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Mopa-Muro]] | {{Coord|8.097556|5.895778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101961224|Lagos University Teaching Hospital LUTH]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Mushin|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Mushin]] | {{Coord|6.517861|3.353806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102076444|BRIDGE MEDICENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Mushin|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Mushin]] | {{Coord|6.530778|3.333056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105816629|May Clinics Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Mushin|Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Mushin]] | {{Coord|6.523818|3.337357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123309896|Jolle Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Nafada]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|9.552337|8.803923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123309990|Kiyayo Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Nafada]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|11.153217|11.191561|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077353|Tim-Grace Clinic and Maternity]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obio-Akpor]] | {{Coord|4.887472|7.115028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102037993|St Peters Anglican Church Hospital, Ibokun]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obokun]] | {{Coord|7.619611|4.739083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102037996|Hossana Convalescent Home]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obokun]] | {{Coord|6.241548|5.639343|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102037999|Crown Faith Medical Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obokun]] | {{Coord|7.538159|3.471449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038004|Ayoade Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obokun]] | {{Coord|8.465966|4.575687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102045470|Comprehensive Health Centre Ibokun]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obokun]] | {{Coord|7.784575|4.717737|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102057822|Comprehensive Health Centre Esa Oke]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obokun]] | {{Coord|7.751443|4.889764|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102045460|Okuku General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Odo Otin]] | {{Coord|8.039998|4.673512|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101966756|Omu General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Odogbolu]] | {{Coord|6.685209|3.862028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101591680|General Hospital Ugwolawo]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ofu]] | {{Coord|7.907722|6.578667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296144|Bethel Hospital and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|6.131498|6.804698|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296195|Beautiful Gate Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|6.13439|6.879387|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139731744|KINGSKIDD HOSPITAL OKPOKO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|6.118042|6.784147|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139751835|Chukwu memorial hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|6.117711|6.791156|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139752159|Victory hospital iyiowa odekpe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|6.145|6.785|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139753425|God's mercy hospital/maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|7.209294|8.134462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139754387|Lumen christi specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|6.112193|6.76295|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139754727|Patricia memorial hospital/maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|7.168654|3.316404|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139760774|General hospital ossamala]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|5.858011|6.684278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139782031|New Life hospital odekpe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]] | {{Coord|6.086176|6.752182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101591332|General Hospital Ogori/Magongo]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogori/Magongo]] | {{Coord|7.450444|6.177694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114186635|KING'S HOSPITAL, ONDO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Okitipupa]] | {{Coord|7.23492|5.221188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101587826|Ogugu Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Olamaboro]] | {{Coord|7.255444|7.349778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102045440|Oba-Ile Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Olorunda]] | {{Coord|7.261417|5.261306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102037981|Olujobi Model Clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Oriade]] | {{Coord|7.403984|4.934652|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102039277|Ipetu Ijesha State Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Oriade]] | {{Coord|7.471615|4.886055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102045388|Comprehensive Health Centre Iloko Ijesa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Oriade]] | {{Coord|7.646102|4.819643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102045427|Ijebu Ijesa General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Oriade]] | {{Coord|7.691611|4.805611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077013|Wellness Hospitals and Diagnostics Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.825917|7.080667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077070|Ultimate Specialist Clinic and Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.791306|7.052806|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|4.791284|7.052814|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077257|Truvine Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.968694|6.982056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077421|Stevenson Medicare Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.788667|7.039806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077540|St Catherine's Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|9.076593|7.459939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077744|Sonabel Medical Centre-Orazi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.828389|6.983417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077893|Sonabel Medical Centre-Eleme]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.81125|7.000778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102078072|Rivportals Clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.727056|7.150333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102078152|Ridcol Medical Services]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.803417|7.002583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102078199|Providence Clinic And Maternity]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.807556|7.007389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102078228|Pearl Clinics And Maternity]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.799361|6.999278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102080487|Noxford Hospital Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.840611|7.036944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102104894|Nobsams Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.829|7.036778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102104898|New Mile One Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.790806|6.994|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102104904|New Heights Consultants]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.840111|7.034583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102104917|Mizpah Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.797972|7.026111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102104919|Mina Urological Dialysis Centres General Surgery & Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.895722|6.993083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102104924|Magnum Nuvon Hospital/ Int'l Training Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.835778|7.071917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102104929|Basuki Healthcare Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.79425|7.001028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102104977|Green Care Medical Consultants]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.852833|6.983083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105006|Goshen Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.817639|7.026528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105067|Generations Specialist Hospital Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.877167|6.915528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105153|GBEYE HOSPITAL (AHOADA)]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.833222|6.971472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105273|Doctors Mediville Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.835306|7.026778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105588|Corban Medicals Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.817306|7.025833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105590|Castle hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.833833|7|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105603|Bethesda Family Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.780694|7.021222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105610|Bechs Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.843611|6.996528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105617|Bareke Memorial Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.8855|6.935361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105638|Ashford & Patrice Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.800194|6.997778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105656|Amazing Grace Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.882194|7.003361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105783|Adanta Children Hospital (Electroencephalogram EEG Test Paediatrics)]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.819944|7.0015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102106020|Zitadel Medicals And Diagnostics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.807167|7.044194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102106895|Westhill hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.804472|7.001583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102106903|Sterling Specialist Hospital Laparoscopy & Intensive Care Unit]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.757611|7.034667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102106957|St. Jude's Medical Clinic PH.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.848167|7.064417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102107105|St. Martins Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.823861|7.016028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102107284|St. Harrison's Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.824361|7.085361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102107504|St Patricks Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.789417|7.019333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102107545|St. Margaret Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.805944|6.975083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102107806|Spring Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.834389|6.985972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102108028|Shield Specialists Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.818333|7.050667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102108169|Shawsand Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.858889|7.071889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102108301|SAVEALIFE Mission Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.829167|7.019667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102108389|Raziela Specialist Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.829528|7.013111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102108676|Princess Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.808667|7.018556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102108725|Prime Medical Consultants]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.847111|7.033611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102108882|Gynescope Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.846583|7.03525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102109005|Paragon Clinics and Imaging]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.826833|7.015139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102109213|Pamo Clinics and Hospitals Ltd]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.837361|7.024778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102132334|Olivet Clinic & Maternity]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.8055|7.012194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102132871|Oasis Children's Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.872972|7.002917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102133586|MindAid Clinic and Pharmacy]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.838833|7.035917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102134020|Meridian Hospitals]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.801056|6.997694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102134579|Kendox Medical Services]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.829306|7.072083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102134958|Hilton Clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.825444|6.977028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102141758|Heroeland Specialist Hospital (Ear Nose And Throat)]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.843611|6.984556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102141962|Healthcrest Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.801|7.005056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102145417|Garland Hospitals Ltd]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.893694|7.002722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102145842|First Rivers Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.836194|7.022306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102146938|Danferd Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.840957|6.97523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102147678|Cumi Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.831056|7.061222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102147834|Cova Care Specialist Hospital & Endoscopy Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.875306|7.017056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102148891|Rapha Physiotherapy Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.835444|6.973444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102149046|Garden City Clinic, Port-Harcourt]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.809|7.006972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102149940|Atinu Critical Care Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.825611|7.082083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170111|Acron Medical Consultants]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.822663|7.016327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170208|The Eye Surgery & Laser Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.813221|6.997973|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170266|Tehilah Children Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.794427|7.040301|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170378|Sophike Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.796004|7.031492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170421|Rehoboth Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.798173|6.999582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170461|Health Bridge Medical Consultants]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.816886|6.995119|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105840135|Estaville Life Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.789246|7.007603|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105902731|Fanny Royal Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.822908|6.993735|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130551578|Rohoboth Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.798092|6.99946|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170731|May Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Shendam]] | {{Coord|8.876512|9.544551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131905509|Alfarma Clinic/Private hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Shinkafi]] | {{Coord|6.50399|6.50399|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101946830|General Hospital Kuta]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Shiroro]] | {{Coord|9.871528|6.709306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101957173|Somolu General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Shomolu]] | {{Coord|6.536667|3.373056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101965371|National Orthopaedic Hospital (Lagos)]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Shomolu]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55528109|Abule Ijesha]]'' | {{Coord|6.530954|3.372997|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101541792|Umar Musa Yar'Adua Memorial Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Tafa]] | {{Coord|9.298923|7.232502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101942586|Umar Musa Yar'Adua General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Tafa]] | {{Coord|9.298984|7.232268|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131905492|Rahama Private Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Tsafe]] | {{Coord|11.952524|6.922002|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131909463|Lafiya Clinic Arkilla Gwiwa, Wamako]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Wamako]] | {{Coord|13.025584|5.23859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101941741|Wushishi General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Wushishi]] | {{Coord|9.721195|6.109911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123072435|Yabo General Hospital Yabo A, Yabo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Yabo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|12.719838|5.005301|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122947708|Cottage Hospital - Kuri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Yamaltu/Deba]] | {{Coord|10.161032|11.45657|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131884206|Sakwa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|10.502083|12.203576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131885459|Barneyasu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|5.414399|7.069832|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131885475|Tarbuwa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|5.412288|7.068319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131885486|Kujjin Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|5.414463|7.069924|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131887106|Garingami Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|8.266907|4.333179|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131887113|Sansan Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|12.427283|8.506857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131887125|Tadiren Hausa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|5.414482|7.06995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131900477|Chibiyayi Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|5.414271|7.069776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131900478|Maraba Gumai Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|10.633206|13.484|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131900479|Sandigalau Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zaki]] | {{Coord|10.29|9.82|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101990887|General Hospital Iberekodo]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.222667|3.339611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134658780|Insha Alahu Eweje]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.33594|3.33594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134661954|Itun Oluwo Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.23079|3.16845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134664691|Omu Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.23079|3.16845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134665655|Ikija Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.15571|3.34509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134680507|Royal Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.349486|3.349486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134683141|De Vicosa Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.23079|3.16845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134685492|Elega Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.34752|3.34752|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134687618|First Gate Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.195254|3.348083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134688258|God Grace and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|6.761389|3.211389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134689780|Keniku Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.150154|3.200189|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134690450|Boaf Iberekodo Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|6.441255|3.859972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691002|Charity Clinic And Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|6.7073|3.2428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691664|Iberekodo Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.34038|3.34038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691838|Ike-Oluwa Clinic and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|6.71953|3.304702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134693071|Shallom Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.35025|3.35025|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134694699|35 ARMY BRIGADE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.23079|3.16845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134695042|Adeun Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.174985|3.290084|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698203|Bisted Medical Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.31492|3.31492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698354|El-Shadai Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.23079|3.16845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134700389|Heritage Hospital Itaoshin]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.299546|3.299546|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134700841|Ita Oshin Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.30671|3.30671|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134700936|Mile2 Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.29645|3.29645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701347|Noble Vine Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.152212|3.301238|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703270|Olomore Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.309485|7.309485|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703340|Omowunmi Faith Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.145309|3.359045|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703824|Royal Diamond Medical Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.145309|3.359045|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704265|Royal Grace Hospital (Randa)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.28234|7.28234|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704951|Soyoye Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|3.2689|3.2689|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706534|Victory Heart Clinic & Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.145309|3.359045|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134707784|Fagbenro Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.170078|3.274227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134708590|Ikereku Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.20739|3.20739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134711387|Ilewo Orile Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.19005|3.19005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134711689|Isaga Orile General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.100214|3.166456|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717407|Kuta Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.06667|3.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718011|Fesjo Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.24544|3.24544|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718943|Ibara Orile Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.23641|3.23641|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134719015|Idi-Ori Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.27278|3.27278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134719910|Ile-Ise Awo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.27515|3.27515|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134720113|Abiye Clinic And Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.065817|3.065817|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134721239|Ademuyiwa Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.013933|3.013933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134721342|Anigbado Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.06324|3.06324|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134722642|Idi-Emi Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.231599|3.231599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134722809|Imala Model Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.4|3.01|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134722981|Ijale Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.195187|3.195187|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134723375|Keesan Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.13913|3.13913|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134723650|Olurunda Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.15035|3.15035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725919|Abraham Clinic and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.3217|3.3217|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726072|Ise-Oluwa Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.171186|3.358057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726187|Lafenwa/Odo-Eran Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.12688|3.32688|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726558|Oloruntola Clinic and maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.178691|3.305941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134727292|Oluwaseun Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.178691|3.305941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134730174|Omotayo Clinic and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.178691|3.305941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134730770|Abinbola Clinic and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.178691|3.305941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732108|Ayobami Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.178691|3.305941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732242|Brims Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Abẹ́òkúta]] | {{Coord|7.106433|3.306433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102058661|Ipetumodu General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Ife]] | {{Coord|7.503222|4.444528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102058762|CDL Health Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Ife]] | {{Coord|7.541722|4.466778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101986729|Ijebu Igbo General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Ijebu]] | {{Coord|6.990889|3.999694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123510197|Al-munif Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.53|7.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135114556|Holy Rosary Specialist Hospital, Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Onitsha]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.160236|6.775412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139744277|Egbuna adazia hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.520423|3.36535|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101967357|State Hospital Isara]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Remo]] | {{Coord|6.987673|3.679716|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101542459|General hospital iju/itaogbolu]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.367985|5.143178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101995244|Adeyemi Memorial Hospital Ikare]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.100008|4.841773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101986086|Atan General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Ijebu]] | {{Coord|6.893934|4.006169|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552448|General hospital irun akoko]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|6.750656|4.877753|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101994843|Rufus Giwa Memorial General Hospital Okeagbe]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|6.181596|6.530342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101998826|Irun-Akoko General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.573069|5.679564|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114670323|Olaiya Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìlàòrùn Ife]] | {{Coord|7.562905|4.519996|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101987429|Ogbere General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìlàòrùn Ijebu]] | {{Coord|6.743361|4.158889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134666724|Owu – Ikija Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìlàòrùn Ijebu]] | {{Coord|4.02967|4.02967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102066592|General Hospital Ado-Awaye]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìséyìn]] | {{Coord|7.956083|3.257667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102058171|General Hospital Ilesa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọòrùn Ilesa]] | {{Coord|7.633611|4.727944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133532207|Ade-Tade Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọòrùn Èkìtì]] | {{Coord|7.612686|5.237652|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105230|GBEYE Clinic (AHOADA)]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọòrùn Ahoada|Ahoada West]] | {{Coord|5.084889|6.652111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133454334|Amara medicare Plot 76B Eleganza Gardens]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Ajah, Lagos|Ajah]] | {{Coord|6.458621|3.556828|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308042|Oluwaseyi Hospital Ajase Ipo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ajase-Ipo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.449275|4.609473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308070|Ajase-Ipo Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ajase-Ipo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.25354|4.806584|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906144|Ajeromi General Hospital, Ajegunle]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ajegunle]] | {{Coord|6.45527|3.332892|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374998|Akoda Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | ''[[:d:Q585822|Akoda]]'' | {{Coord|4.46294|4.46294|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129002249|Dynasty Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|9.21|12.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130478233|Samaritan Clinic/Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|4.644371|7.944656|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133300407|Eket Caleb Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|4.647988|7.942591|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691620|Winnas Clinic & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.93996|7.93996|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691780|Unsel Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.96019|7.96019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691837|Udonsek Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.96124|7.96124|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134692077|Ikot Efre Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.93648|7.93648|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134692583|Afaha Udoeyop Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.6241|7.6241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134692820|Nung Udoe Primary Health Centre (Operational Base)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.919565|7.919565|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134694385|Ikot Udoekop Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.91124|7.91124|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698310|Nung Oku Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.91964|7.91964|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698420|Ikot Iko Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.908147|7.908147|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698737|Fresh Breath Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.91865|7.91865|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699049|Afaha Atai Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.93648|7.93648|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699242|Ikot Nkwo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|13.867|13.867|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699271|Akata Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.86198|7.86198|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699343|Iwuokpom-Opolom Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.91877|7.91877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704624|Prince of Peace Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.80894|7.80894|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704798|Etip Ediene Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.79842|7.79842|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134705263|Aka Ekpeme Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.79301|7.79301|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134705340|Oduk Salton Medical Centre and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.70219|7.70219|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134705493|Mfonobong Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|7.53811|7.53811|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137372844|GENERAL HOSPITAL, IQUITA-ORON]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|4.80468|8.221113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137372899|MFONABASI MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.034191|7.934221|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137372962|UWANA FAMILY HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.032966|7.911956|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373029|LIFECARE HOSPITAL UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.028711|7.937797|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373215|NAF MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|4.938167|6.322458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373396|MOUNT OLIVE CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.036952|7.934776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373477|DAMMY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.024601|7.916383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373519|DOMINGO HOSPITAL UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.022595|7.948641|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373560|MERCY HOSPITAL AKWA IBOM STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|4.989383|7.7949|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373577|ST. ATHANASIUS HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.02428|7.913809|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373619|UBONGABASI SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.01954|7.886607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373712|PEACE MEDICAL CENTER NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|4.980805|7.965478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373729|PREMIER MEDICAL SERVICES UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.023661|7.954442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373794|DYME HOSPITAL & MATERNITY LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.028706|7.942748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373805|ZOE CONSULTANTS HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.028706|7.942748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373812|SAN DOMINIQUE HOSPITAL AKWA IBOM]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.028706|7.942748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373828|FULCARE MEDICAL CONSULTANCY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.028706|7.942748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373852|GOOD HEALTH SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | {{Coord|5.028706|7.942748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140313724|ALMA CLINICS & SURGERY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321660|Abasiekeme Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322428|Maritime Academy of Nigeria Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329938|Samaritan Clinic/ Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329949|Cozar Specialist Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329969|Domingo Specialist Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329980|Jeconiah Specialist Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329995|Unwanna Family Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330015|SAN DOMINIQUE HOSPITAL Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330024|NEDEKE CHILDRENS HOSPITAL Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330040|MFON ABASI MEDICAL CENTER Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330057|Smile Well Dental Clinic Limited Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330066|Cee Jay Vision Centre Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330074|Majesty Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330090|Mainland Clinic And Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330108|Majesty Hospital and Eye Centre Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330118|Peace Medical Centre (UYO) Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330140|ST. ATHANASIUS HOSPITAL LIMITED Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330209|Niger Optical Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330309|Niger Optical – Eket]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140330849|St Athanasius Dental Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140331794|St Athanasius Optical Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140331991|ZITADEL EYE CLINIC (UYO)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140332008|EVERGREEN MEDICAL CENTRE Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140332019|ALPHA VISION EYE CENTER Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140332040|NET CARE PHYSIOTHERAPY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140332050|ROMIVIC SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140332060|ANUZI EYE CLINIC (UYO)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140332074|Hephzibah Eyecare – UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140332084|UWAKMFON CLINICS AND HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140337803|Zerah International Eye Hospital UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140337839|Neon Health Services Limited UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338030|Monty Suites Gym UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338134|Monty Suites Spa UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338222|MENDITH DENTAL SURGERY Uyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338381|Divine Love Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338387|PREC FITNESS GYM Uyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338475|PREC FITNESS SPA Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338517|CRISP VISION EYE CLINIC Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338558|Blue Gloves Hospital UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338573|Wedsan Clinic and Urology Service Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338588|Mediques Plus Hospital , UYO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338596|Pinnacle Hospital Akwa ibom State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338612|La Reine Spa uyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338675|Nathel Eye Clinic UYo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338803|Fulcare Medical Consultancy Uyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140338919|City Clinic and Infirmary Uyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140339041|Omega Fortune Uyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114253280|Zion Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.181783|7.018799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121289654|Immaculate Heart Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.172542|6.920391|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126177149|Daystar Specialist Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.215067|7.071467|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126190256|Prime Specialist Hospital Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]]<br/>[[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.206506|7.056023|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126193221|New Hope Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.146838|6.786621|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126193256|New Hope Hospital and Dialysis Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]]<br/>[[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.146713|6.786574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126193304|New Life Hospital and Maternity Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]]<br/>[[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.086044|6.752172|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128838539|Christ The King Hospital, Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.218058|7.065079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128839159|Divine Hospital, Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.203222|7.060573|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128839804|Harmony Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|10.477469|7.437483|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128840173|Okoye Specialize Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.220609|7.06893|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128840510|Ifebi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.214085|7.07177|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128840705|Afunugo Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.206502|7.069527|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133366701|Divinity clinic & Maternity Nkwelle Ezunaka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.209377|6.840475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137362598|Life Institute for Endoscopy (Life Specialist Hosp. Ltd.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.137521|6.776814|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137625543|NNAMDIAZIKIWE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.118305|6.792311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137625662|RUSH GREEN MATERNITY HOSPITAL & CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.185618|6.794411|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137630288|NEW HOPE MEDICAL CENTRE. Anambra State.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.146824|6.786668|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137630449|VENIK SPECALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.150694|6.859664|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638255|INTENSIVE CARE HOSPITAL Anambra]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.143666|6.79109|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638278|COTTAGE HOSPITAL & COMPREHENSIVE. Anambra State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.594889|6.990136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638292|CHRIST THE KING HOSPITAL. Anambra State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.218042|7.065178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638322|BELUCHUKWU MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.169463|7.006076|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638363|CHUKWUNONSO HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.156505|6.844647|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638381|ST. AUGUSTINES HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.440737|7.497826|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638391|UGOCHUKWU HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|5.48389|7.00703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638407|THE LIGHT SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.003025|6.913525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638417|LIFE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL. Anambra State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.000432|6.913119|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638428|CHIMEX SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.027322|6.918829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638465|KING DAVID HOSPITAL. Agulu, Anambra State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.222004|7.082076|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638473|SEFTON SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.210355|7.066333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638485|ST. CATHERINES HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638495|CHIBUZOR HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.024879|7.080093|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638507|CROWN HOSPITAL. MKPOR ANAMBRA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.12235|6.861012|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638531|IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.21|7.07|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638552|NNAMDI AZIKWE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.2106|7.0719|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638561|CHIDERA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.15|6.98|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638631|DAYSPRING COTTAGE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.2|7.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137638649|ROCK FOUNDATION HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.14|6.97|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639162|REGINA CAELI SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.21|7.06|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639219|KANDUDI SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.18|7.02|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639242|MADONNA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL NIGERIA. Anambra State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.22|7.08|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639257|ELDORADO MUILI-SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.19|7.04|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639421|HOPEALIVE MISSION HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.17|7.01|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639456|FIRST GRACELAND SPECIALIST HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.16|6.99|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639477|IDEAL HOSPITALAND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.15|6.98|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639571|CHRIST THE KING HOSPITAL. ABAKALIKI EBONYI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.311084|8.102801|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139731916|Nando General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìlàòrùn Anámbra]] | {{Coord|6.320176|6.930507|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732031|Ikem Nando Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìlàòrùn Anámbra]] | {{Coord|6.358|6.9185|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732090|Izunna hospital and maternity, Awka]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.241817|7.08972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732105|Emmanuel Church Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.145161|6.791077|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732175|Inland Dental Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.31574|6.845144|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732197|Ogechukwu Hospital /Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.019965|7.084002|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732208|St. Catherine's Hospital /Maternity and Allied Services LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.024317|6.923702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732283|Ukandu Hospital/Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|7.076541|7.076541|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732290|Chibuzo Hospital /Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.018589|7.084804|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732293|Trinity hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.221153|7.082716|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732300|National Medical Centre Nkpologwu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|5.979994|7.090208|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732750|Nwajiaku Inland Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|7.530294|5.764967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139733132|Fountain - Head Clinic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|9.014677|7.586834|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101820810|Kogi State University Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816007|Anyigba]]'' | {{Coord|7.485971|7.187401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102267481|St. Louis Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Apapa]] | {{Coord|6.443257|3.370775|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270040|Sonex Clinics Ltd.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Apapa]] | {{Coord|6.514867|3.33228|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105816555|Lagoon Hospitals Apapa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Apapa]] | {{Coord|6.441881|3.35874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113532382|Saseun Hospital & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Apapa]] | {{Coord|6.45218|3.335292|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125985524|Aramoko General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49277186|Aramoko-Ekiti]]'' | {{Coord|7.656011|5.068563|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105622877|Federal Medical Centre Asaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Asaba]] | {{Coord|6.213118|6.712275|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Federal Medical Centre Asaba.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939199|Federal Medical Centre, Asaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Asaba]] | {{Coord|6.212211|6.712254|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114926787|GOSHEN MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Asaba]] | {{Coord|6.196492|6.724381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114927198|ICON CLINIC AND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Asaba]] | {{Coord|6.204494|6.72497|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133576449|Asaba Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Asaba]] | {{Coord|6.68554|6.68554|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114967847|AKEMEKHAI MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Auchi]] | {{Coord|7.065038|6.266597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114967853|FATE MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Auchi]] | {{Coord|7.066976|6.274776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133259614|Edo University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Auchi]] | {{Coord|7.148245|6.294944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101553183|Awe General Hospital, lafia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q101553460|Awe]]'' | {{Coord|8.110944|9.144439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105541513|Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.222836|7.082245|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Chukwuemeka odumegwu ojukwu univerdity teaching hospital, awka.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q114252845|HARMONY SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.14|6.98|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114253195|ROCK FOUNDATION HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.217937|7.064123|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128837978|Rock Foundation]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.21818|7.064615|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133278106|Graceland Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.239567|7.053481|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289919|Health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.213253|6.946098|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290009|Think home hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.231018|7.100939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290035|St faith Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.221926|7.064288|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290067|Crest Specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.326319|7.048533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290169|Daystar hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.215386|7.071531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295973|In God we trust pharmaceutical and laboratory]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.14|6.97|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133297797|Christ the king hospital-awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.218058|7.062473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133374383|Royal Care specialist Hospital & Urology center - Awka]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.223324|7.05618|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133374619|Assumpta Clinic and Maternity - Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.243424|7.098348|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133386300|Regina Ceali- specialist Hospital - Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.223331|7.074017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133391435|Shekinah Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.205717|7.067652|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133392178|Think home Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.231035|7.10095|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133734550|Ifebi Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.214085|7.07174|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133734598|Regina Caeli Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Awka]] | {{Coord|6.22335|7.074049|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296887|isaac chara memorial hospital and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4830084|Awkuzu]]'' | {{Coord|6.246983|6.9368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296903|comprehensive medical thinking]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4830084|Awkuzu]]'' | {{Coord|6.237253|6.941991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309334|Chinazondu specialist Hospital and Maternity - Awkuzu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4830084|Awkuzu]]'' | {{Coord|6.242625|7.094271|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309572|Divine grace PHC - Awkuzu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4830084|Awkuzu]]'' | {{Coord|6.243024|6.970654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309621|Obinetiti 1 Awkuzu health Clinic - Awkuzu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4830084|Awkuzu]]'' | {{Coord|6.19|6.98|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309629|Blessed family primary health center - Awkuzu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4830084|Awkuzu]]'' | {{Coord|6.242373|6.937128|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309746|Ifite Awkuzu primary health Center - Awkuzu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q4830084|Awkuzu]]'' | {{Coord|6.242908|6.936978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111356493|Federal Medical Centre, Azare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | [[Azare]] | {{Coord|11.6744|10.1991|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Federal Medical Centre Azare Entry Gate.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q114253610|MAI JAMA'A CLINIC, (BAUCHI)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Azare]] | {{Coord|10.317605|9.83834|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122948254|Bajoga General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815563|Bajoga]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Funakaye]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.854285|11.438412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245690|The Peak Mark Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bariga]] | {{Coord|6.525737|3.385254|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102271280|R-Jolad Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bariga]] | {{Coord|6.549365|3.393047|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101821744|Gboloko, Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819476|Bassa]]'' | {{Coord|7.816792|6.749979|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101822899|Oguma Genral Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819476|Bassa]]'' | {{Coord|7.884602|7.060658|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105485721|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bauchi]] | {{Coord|10.32429|9.83088|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Teaching Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q114260554|REEMEE MEDICARE NIGERIA LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bauchi]] | {{Coord|10.313819|9.821829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112173700|General Hospital Ningi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.065578|9.567966|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:General Hospital Ningi.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q114253707|PAHLYCON HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.319315|9.815646|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114277736|FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, BAUCHI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.66978|10.210526|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121841047|Al Ameen Hospital and Medical Laboratory]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.305824|9.832316|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121879835|Bauchi Specialist Hospital Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.070874|8.768793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121891318|Sheamless Clinic And Maternity Baima, Warji]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.244767|7.288311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121891422|Samira Memorial Health Clinic Zaranda, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.205621|9.360697|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121891465|Ecwa Health Clinic (Private) Katanga, Warji]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.909038|8.742491|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121947620|Alheri Health Clinic Zaranda, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|8.935976|9.796915|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121948405|Amarks Health Clinic Zaranda, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.205654|9.360788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121949039|Al-Huda Health Clinic Wonu North, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|7.52627|5.790647|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121949706|Nurayni Health Clinic Wonu North, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.798643|9.892343|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121950223|Makama Health Clinic Tilden Fulani, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.045405|8.993154|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122171631|Usmaniyya Memorial Clinic Tilden Fulani, Toro]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.06|9.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122171699|Yerima Clinic & Nursing Home Tilden Fulani, Toro]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.065|9.055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122171749|Danmaigoro Hospital Toro, Toro]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.08|9.07|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122171839|Khadija Memorial Hospital Toro, Toro]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.07|9.06|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122171952|Goljarendi Health Clinic & Maternity Ribina East, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.58569|7.402167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122184794|Taimako Health Clinic Tama, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.064838|7.707625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122184893|Al-Ummah Health Clinic & Maternity Tilden Fulani, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.964952|8.481062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122186007|Amana Health Clinic Tilden Fulani, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.026217|8.951905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122188063|Al-Ummah Health Clinic & Nursing Home Mara, Toro]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.04|9.03|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122188358|Mai Nasara Health Clinic Mara, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.935037|7.41425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122188595|Our Lady Of Apostle Clinic Wai B, Tafawa-Balewa]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.25|9.8|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122188848|Surama Health Clinic Wai B, Tafawa-Balewa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.762589|9.555149|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122212167|Bako Medical Clinic Wai B, Tafawa-Balewa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|8.910248|7.083589|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122212265|Chongtis Hospital Wai B, Tafawa-Balewa]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.26|9.81|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122212325|NAN EMMA Primary Health Centre Lere South, Tafawa-Balewa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.926217|8.891412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122226772|Sauki Clinic Yana Yana, Shira]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.391972|10.195178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122226805|Jama’a Primary Health Centre Kilbori B, Shira]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.338118|10.10315|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122226854|Danbaba Medical Centre Tiffi, Ningi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.06325|9.569714|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122226899|Al-Jazeemah Health Clinic Nasaru A, Ningi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.073874|9.573378|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122226925|Dorogo Health Clinic Ningi East, Ningi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.981767|7.989067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122226956|Ningi Clinic & Maternity Ningi East, Ningi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.065554|9.567932|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122227037|Dana Health Clinic Kurmi, Ningi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.065553|9.56799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122227073|Almuktar Health Clinic Kukadi A, Misau]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.317579|10.466565|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122227141|Hauza Health Clinic Kukadi A, Misau]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.317342|10.466586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122227201|Kirfi People’s Clinic Wanka, Kirfi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.305998|9.840365|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122227272|Katagum Medical Center Nasarawa A, Katagum]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.014537|9.773757|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122227322|Shifa’a Medical Center Nasarawa A, Katagum]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|12.285654|10.348421|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122229693|Ardo Standard Medicare Nasarawa B, Katagum]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.672673|10.203989|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122229746|Asaf Urocare Hospital Azare Nasarawa B, Katagum]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.67|10.19|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122229800|Hamdala Healthcare and Consultancy LTD Bakin Kasuwa, Katagum]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.66|10.18|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959573|Federal Medical Center Azare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.674946|10.197362|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:FMC AZARE 1.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q130456780|Gorondo Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.24497|10.46473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130456919|Alkaleri General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.26527|10.31441|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130456949|Badaran Dutse Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.01453|10.13148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130457013|Bajama Primary Health Care centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|9.95716|10.06841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130457080|Birim Primary Health clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|10.00181|10.08474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133735820|Royal Specialist Hospital - Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|7.192136|8.137769|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261196|Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Bauchi State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.669502|10.210502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261318|Federal Medical Centre, Misau, Bauchi State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi State]] | {{Coord|11.314831|10.44982|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939180|Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.937481|6.266655|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114285960|IRUANITAMAN DIAGNOSTICS AND CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.317|6.242885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373897|ODI GENERAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|5.172512|6.296109|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373938|ST. PETER'S HOSPITAL BAYELSA STATE . NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.925988|6.259278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373968|FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, YENAGO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.937187|6.266631|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137373990|GLORYLAND-INRI MED. CENTER]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.943284|6.347434|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374003|YENAGOA HOSPITAL & MATERNITY Bayelsa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.919804|6.310714|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374008|BAYELSA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, YENAGOA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.919769|6.310707|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374016|GODLY SHEPHERD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.917351|6.31293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374026|FAMILY CARE CLINIC & SERVICES BAYELSA STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.925143|6.338089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374089|MERCY SEAT HOSPITAL BAYELSA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]] | {{Coord|4.951873|6.352424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114967935|BERTA MEDICAL CENTER]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.370555|5.682129|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114967955|EDI INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.327266|5.619884|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114967964|FENOMA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.34341|5.692989|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114967974|FIDELITY HOSPITAL, BENIN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.350908|5.672167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114967984|GOD'S VICTORY CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.35753|5.59746|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968001|Health Field Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.285229|5.672874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968011|IHENYEN MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.325884|5.595493|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968020|IROWA MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.321205|5.62776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968085|MODIC SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, BENIN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.331525|5.614655|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968128|MOUNT GILEAD HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.410949|5.614489|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968146|NARROWAY CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.364799|5.67574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968182|PRIMEDEWS MEDICAL CENTER]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.32617|5.599811|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968238|ST. MARY MAGDALENE HOSPITAL, BENIN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.317422|5.630859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968258|THE ROCK HOSPITAL, BENIN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.383461|5.59597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968270|TONA HOSPITAL, BENIN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.350658|5.670467|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968299|UKPONMWAN FOUNDATION HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.345104|5.627417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968316|VICTORY CLINIC AND MATERNITY, BENIN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.365031|5.637392|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573935|Edi International Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Benin]] | {{Coord|6.331764|5.621921|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85760711|Federal Medical Centre Bida]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bida]] | {{Coord|9.073837|5.998498|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101950896|Bida Federal Polytecnic Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bida]] | {{Coord|9.048889|6.005028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7529870|Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital Kebbi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Birnin Kébbí]] | {{Coord|12.456328|4.199942|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939192|Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Birnin Kébbí]] | {{Coord|11.442425|9.485172|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123105272|General Hospital Birnin Magaji]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819975|Birnin Magaji]]''<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]] | {{Coord|12.608799|6.857205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040690|Shalom Hospital Bode Saadu]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q129441167|Bode-Saadu]]'' | {{Coord|8.939805|4.773794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122947661|Cottage Hospital - Bojude]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q121892458|Bojude]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6450109|Kwami]]''<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.283306|11.166694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077478|St Peters Clinic Bonny]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bonny]] | {{Coord|4.428889|7.176778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102077700|St Charles Surgery]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bonny]] | {{Coord|4.433611|7.188806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102078243|Pan-OJ Clinic & Diagnostic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Bonny]] | {{Coord|4.439194|7.165417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101950564|New Busa General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q893575|Borgu]]'' | {{Coord|9.873963|4.50115|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958930|Nakowa Specialist hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.821783|13.162584|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126168268|Umaru Shehu Ultramodern Hospital, Bulumkutu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.83517|13.087666|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126168510|Emerald Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.849032|13.102948|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126168608|Malah Kachallah Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.858191|13.12348|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126169392|Galaxy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.858546|13.132186|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126169619|Alheri Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.858804|13.137578|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126170898|Mohammad Shuwa Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.821703|13.147474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126170971|Borno State Hospital Management Board - Eye & Dental Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.826419|13.144827|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126171058|Avon Healthcare Nakowa Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.821677|13.161638|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126172744|University of Maiduguri kidney centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.824587|13.180465|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126172765|Nigeria Police Hospital (Alkome) Maiduguri, Borno state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.831186|13.151005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126172896|State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.838905|13.15476|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126172989|Al-Ihsan Family Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.862045|13.166833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126173031|Dalaram Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.867138|13.169356|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126173539|New Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.855944|13.151387|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126174117|City Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.855339|13.151657|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133415495|AYAMSU MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.85633|13.146981|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133415512|Alpine Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.816684|13.159197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133450030|Maryam Abatcha Women And Children Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.854566|13.188943|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133450053|Sunni Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.859051|13.15578|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133450082|Kanem Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.853065|13.147547|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133450112|Bridgade General Abba Kyari General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.875404|13.143662|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133450210|Shepherd Diagnostic and Clinical Services (Hospital)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.796988|13.150478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133450340|Kidney center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.824597|13.180488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456418|Dalaram Clinic Old Maiduguri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.867343|13.169028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456439|Bin dawood hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.837342|13.1399|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456456|Halima ENT Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.803537|13.139145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456475|Abbaganaram maternity hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.857857|13.156454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133458631|Kwansom Bako Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.837429|13.130128|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133458649|General Hospital Mafa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.919478|13.596757|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133463795|Falala Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.803608|13.142861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133463890|Fati Ali Sheriff Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.822039|13.113879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133463936|Jere Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.810523|13.187431|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133464389|HORAMA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.820319|13.166708|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133467745|Sayfudeen Sakina Memorial Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.813233|13.142667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133467787|Ngala General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|12.345091|14.187487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133467833|General Hospital, Beni sheik]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.809657|12.506064|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133467932|Kanem Hospital & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.833333|13.15|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133502512|Uba General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|10.475815|13.190366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133502549|Gajiram General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|12.491419|13.210936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133502613|Fatima Ali Shariff Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.827923|13.101663|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133502770|Chad Basin Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.863727|13.220342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133502782|MONGUNO hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.858529|13.132138|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133505328|Furram Health Facility]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|12.243101|12.765836|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134553368|Nursing Home Maiduguri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.834828|13.092625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134553395|Prof. Umoru Shehu Ultra Modern Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.835181|13.087667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134553485|Nakowa Hospital City Medical Hospital, Maiduguri]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.821667|13.161652|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134553522|Kanem Hospital, Maiduguri]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.853058|13.147511|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134553553|General Hospital Lassa, Askira/Uba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|10.680113|13.267301|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134553576|Alpha medical clinic, Maidugri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|11.853236|13.144342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134694412|Arge Health clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]]<br/>[[Àgbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Abadam]] | {{Coord|5.916164|7.795814|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134694446|Dogon Chuku Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|5.415469|7.069607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134694467|Metele Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|13.35674|13.426779|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136756197|Borno State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]]<br/>[[Maiduguri]] | {{Coord|11.839948|13.15004|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136773546|Army Barrack Health Clinic Yawi, Biu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno State]] | {{Coord|10.6079|12.1793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q100943637|University of Calabar Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.966781|8.319951|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|4.95485|8.35031|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102076463|Hannah Foundation Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.983861|8.342361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109669396|Dr Lawrence Henshaw Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.94781|8.318023|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967925|Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.953764|8.318778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114925450|BAKOR MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.962707|8.3241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114925541|CANAAN MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|5.87018|8.598857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114925632|FAITH FOUNDATION SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.971303|8.33966|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114925835|Mevom Specialist Clinics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.95889|8.340108|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114925972|MOUNT ZION MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.936789|8.327808|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114926029|VICTORIA ITAM HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.97282|8.336819|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131299175|13 Brigade Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.956862|8.335993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133756046|Bakor Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Calabar]] | {{Coord|5.027347|8.333852|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101949971|M I Wushishi Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819624|Chanchanga]]'' | {{Coord|9.594288|6.576953|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101950267|Railway Industrial Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819624|Chanchanga]]'' | {{Coord|4.764817|7.015395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295976|Hope alive hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q113165073|Court Road,Awka South]]'' | {{Coord|4.911142|7.02975|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126010380|Idim Eso Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q1141201|Cross River]]'' | {{Coord|4.948712|8.470788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114926351|SANTA MARIA CLINIC, CROSS RIVER]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Cross River State | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.615394|8.787386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123514315|General Hospital, Calabar]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]]<br/>[[Calabar]] | {{Coord|4.953618|8.336028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123515315|Arubah Specialist Hospital and Diagnostics]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.981074|8.34302|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123515320|Nigerian Navy Reference Hospital Calabar]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.000807|8.333892|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123515323|Avon Healthcare Mount Zion Medical Centre]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.936198|8.326118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123515356|Health Center]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.035319|8.348984|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123515363|Peace Medical Centre, Calabar]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.957132|8.316188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123515392|City clinic]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.97|8.33|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123516971|Mountain of fire and miracles Ministries, South - South Region 36 Ogoja,General Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.652541|8.794218|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123517002|Victoria itam Specialist Hospital (VISH)]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.973039|8.336769|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123517086|Havilah Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.662277|8.802914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123521053|Immanuel Infirmary Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.972448|8.329438|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123523519|Holy Family Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.429585|7.518249|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123523522|Obudu Clinic]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.655111|8.797739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123523528|Asi Ukpo Diagnostic & Medical Center (ADMC)]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.657059|8.797274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123527780|Madonna Specialist Hospital Nigeria Ltd.]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.959102|8.324375|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123528298|The Oakdome Clinic]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.983375|8.337534|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123528495|Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.96196|8.720566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123528508|Catholic Maternity Hospitals Monaya]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.664165|8.825971|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796428|Luciama Memorial Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|8.374406|8.374406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796458|Victoria Medical Center Cross River]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|8.33722|8.33722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796488|Avon Healthcare County Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | {{Coord|4.941818|8.314517|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796530|Nig Navy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.965259|8.324758|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134681591|Ama Hope Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55639108|Adadama]]'' | {{Coord|4.981565|8.346989|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134689775|Ekpon Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55639108|Adadama]]'' | {{Coord|6.497756|6.235083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134693033|Emikwor Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55639108|Adadama]]'' | {{Coord|5.414373|7.069883|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134693081|Ibalebo Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55639108|Adadama]]'' | {{Coord|5.92955|8.098462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134693144|Imina Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55639108|Adadama]]'' | {{Coord|5.918321|8.083175|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134693200|Isong-Inyang Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55639108|Adadama]]'' | {{Coord|5.902939|8.048404|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134694375|Abe Enyi Uzor Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.414412|7.06992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137266993|General Hospital Akamkpa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.975722|8.341694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137267037|General Hospital Ugep]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.95|8.325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137267055|Roman Catholic Mission Maternity & Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.967611|8.350333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137385894|MADONNA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL NIG]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.949564|8.329361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137385902|MAMBO CLINIC AND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.940464|8.333234|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386006|MELROSE HOSPITAL NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.961748|8.720143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386041|SACRED HEART CATHOLIC HOSPITAL OBUDU]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.673881|9.170406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386057|MONAIYA CATHOLIC HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.66404|8.825907|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386080|GENERAL HOSPITAL, IGOLI]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.9|8.2|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386214|NAF MEDICAL CENTRE CALABAR]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.048859|6.289886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386221|NAF MEDICAL CENTRE Cross River]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.644311|6.272737|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386277|UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR HEALTH CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.953501|8.349078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386313|NIGERIAN NAVY MEDICAL CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.975721|8.341741|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137402368|TESTIMONY MEDICAL RESOURCE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.975747|8.341751|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137402405|GENERAL HOSPITAL OBUBRA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.075663|8.332607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137402416|HOLY FAMILY CATHOLIC HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.955913|8.714108|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137424759|EJA MEMORIAL JOINT HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|6.298848|8.714841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137424765|UNION MEDICAL CENTRE, CALABAR]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.971974|8.339427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137424775|AWUKAMS CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.97|8.33|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137424792|NIGERIA CUSTOMS SERVICE MEDICAL CENTRE Cross River]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|4.971506|8.356349|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137425465|BAKOR HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | {{Coord|5.028081|8.334331|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321689|Adi Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322153|Goldie Clinic Cross River State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322305|Immanuel Infirmary Cross River State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Cross River|Cross River State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122948578|Q122948578]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815576|Deba]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Yamaltu/Deba]] | {{Coord|10.22231|11.38339|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101820221|Dekina General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5252818|Dekina]]'' | {{Coord|7.639694|7.316389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101821356|Abocho Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5252818|Dekina]]'' | {{Coord|7.5677|6.9863|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104089551|Delta State University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]]<br/>[[Oghara]] | {{Coord|5.959331|5.703175|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Delta State University Teaching Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q114937212|ST.REBECCA'S SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.206022|6.695977|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114937354|AGU MEDICAL CENTRE, KWALE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.709821|6.434319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114937493|BREMA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.132128|6.76537|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114937553|OBULE MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.886204|5.692075|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114938729|OKPARAVERO MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.885192|5.695705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114939634|St. George’s Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.542241|5.777427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129174108|Hammer Smith Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.53|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133504392|Humanity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.547394|5.784905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133597010|Xtracare Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.21207|6.700468|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133598163|Carin Heights Specialist Hospital | Prostate Surgery, Kidney Stones Laser Surgery & Pediatrics/Child Health]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.868955|5.699121|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133599545|Duke’s Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.550093|5.765676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133681133|Pharez Hospital and diagnosists]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.81602|5.81602|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133681740|MASCAP Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.67627|5.67627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133683269|Anioma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.20739|6.20739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133688065|GloryJoy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.491295|5.995926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133688859|ISLAND CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.75804|5.75804|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133730034|Treasurehold Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.877177|5.706802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133730093|B.U CLINICS/ HOSPITAL LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.538959|5.758979|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133730357|WIngate Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.581004|5.817826|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133730386|Ekpan General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.561954|5.751687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133730813|Vicah Clinic & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.529934|5.750634|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133733184|Harvard Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.524986|5.732494|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133733392|Cleve-Hill Hospital Osubi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.59331|5.827334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133772863|Peerless Hospital & Wellness]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.564083|5.764667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796209|Regal Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.56557|5.76142|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796267|Adiyama Hospital Delta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.655672|6.110494|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796333|FUPRE Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.83422|5.83422|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137353656|Lilly Hospital warri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.525932|5.765014|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435534|TWINS CLINIC/MATERNITY ANNEXE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.528985|5.768095|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435613|GOODNEWS HOSPITAL Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.52|5.76|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435652|VEENELL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.530015|5.753723|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435686|CENTRAL HOSPITAL UGHELLI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.495504|6.00076|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435688|HUMANITY HOSPITAL DELTA STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.545353|5.783564|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435695|NAVY MEDICAL CENTRE SAPELE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.914122|5.652105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435698|SICK BAY NNS DELTA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.514941|5.741274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435700|VERTIMON MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.524692|5.760787|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435704|DAY SPRING CLINIC DELTA STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.546982|5.757474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435706|LILY CLINIC/HOSPITAL DELTA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.536549|5.732511|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435711|GROUP CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL DELTA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.544742|5.774151|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435723|LONIA CLINIC AND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.498519|5.799568|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137435729|REGAL CLINIC AND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.565456|5.761332|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436191|ANIOMA HOSPITAL DELTA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.251768|6.205731|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436442|ST.JOHN THE BAPTIST CATHOLIC HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.252267|6.199674|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436446|ST. LUKE HOSPITAL ASABA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.215593|6.687934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436479|EL-COMFORT HOSPITAL DELTA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.182914|6.732064|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436498|TWIN CITY HOSPITAL AND DIAGNOSTICS]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.15118|6.779286|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436511|GROUP CHRISTIAN MEDICAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.186996|6.720561|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436539|QUEEN OFAPOSTLES CATHOLIC HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.51|5.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436548|BRYANTS HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.527856|5.759639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436873|NNPC WARRI MEDICAL CENTER]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.545026|5.742742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137436902|DOMINION CARE MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.252948|6.194686|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140313309|AGBOWUS MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140313356|AILEN EYE CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329802|B U Clinic / Hospital Ltd Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329810|Bendel Clinic Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329821|Bryant Hospital Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329833|Capitol Hill Clinic Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329844|Carin Heights Specialist Hospital Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329851|Delta Procare Clinic/Hospital Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329866|Lily Hospital Limited Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329869|Pal Clinics and Maternity Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329879|Regal Clinic Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329896|Unity Clinic Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329899|Vertimon Medical Clinics Ltd Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329910|Westend Hospital and Diagnostic Centre Delta State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101938551|Doma General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5289773|Doma]]'' | {{Coord|8.400917|8.358139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101938869|Agbashi General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5289773|Doma]]'' | {{Coord|8.02575|8.122056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175246|Promise Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q94751243|Dopemu]]'' | {{Coord|6.615504|3.312799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122948982|General Hospital Dukku]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5313235|Dukku]]'' | {{Coord|10.823195|10.773268|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123382556|Zange Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5313235|Dukku]]''<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.577946|10.746687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123382683|Wuro Tale Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5313235|Dukku]]'' | {{Coord|10.978668|10.776226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956586|Gideon Legacy Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Dutse]] | {{Coord|9.141025|7.308746|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098747|RASHEED SHEKONI SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819247|Dutse]]'' | {{Coord|11.702489|9.334039|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131926979|Rasheed Shekoni Federal University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Dutse]] | {{Coord|11.678694|9.336646|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123074184|General Hospital Dutsinma A]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q94747020|Dutsinma A]]'' | {{Coord|12.461249|7.49622|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125744980|Ezzamgbo General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.396041|7.976525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133444766|Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.323644|8.091733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134649454|Holy Trinity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.599725|3.343913|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134653621|Mercy Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.487322|7.517452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134679987|St Theresa Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.598219|7.566986|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134681790|Akpe Amachi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.285399|8.348841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691934|Mgbabeleuzor MDG Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.253857|8.352925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691960|Ndiofutu MDG Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.512961|8.142642|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134692138|Uburu Amachi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.289417|8.258869|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134692234|Nwanwu Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|5.414365|7.069922|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134692282|Elinwovbu General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.210684|8.112917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701092|Abundant Life and Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.318979|8.10367|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703258|Nkwegu Military Cantonement Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|8.11221|8.11221|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703279|Azuiyiokwu Maternal and Child Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|5.414461|7.069989|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703628|Bethel Hospital, Abakaliki]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.312446|8.123039|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134711687|Emmanuel Clinic and Diagnostic Mediacal Laboratory]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.32|8.11|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134713586|Kanmel Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]]<br/>[[Abakaliki]] | {{Coord|6.33|8.12|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208447|Cottage Hospital Agubia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208503|Cottage Hospital Ogboji]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208643|General Hospital shiagu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208660|General Hospital Itim Ukwu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208668|General Hospital Okposi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.0294|7.830934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208676|Mercy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.321293|8.117926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208685|Sudan United Mission Hospital Iziogo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208697|Sudan United Mission Hospital Iboko]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208746|Ndubuisi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.458361|7.546389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137210170|Rural Health Improvement Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137210187|Shallom Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137210214|Smiles Specialist Hospital - Abakaliki]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137210222|St Augustine's Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137210235|St Charles Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137210280|St Johns Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137210296|St Patrick's Hospital - Mile 4]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.323056|8.112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137211471|St Theresa Hospital & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.320611|8.119972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137266900|St Vincents Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.32025|8.110972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639509|ST. THERESA`S HOSPITAL & MATERNITY. Anambra State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.237249|7.092072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639613|FEDERALTEACHING HOSPITAL, ABAKALIKI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.319057|8.091276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639644|AFIKPO MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|5.8904|7.9357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137639894|MATER MISERICODIAE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|5.897118|7.951084|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640146|NATIONAL OBSTETRIC FISTULA CENTRE. Ebonyi State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | {{Coord|6.319301|8.092708|display=inline}} | | |- | [[Federal Medical Centre, Ebute Metta|Federal Medical Centre Ebute-Metta]] | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ebute Metta]] | {{Coord|6.485083|3.380182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113539180|Marvellous Health Consult International]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ebute Metta]] | {{Coord|6.461737|3.386851|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374930|Kuye Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹdẹ|Ede]] | {{Coord|7.733081|4.430421|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374941|Loogun Araromi Primary Health Clinic Loogun, Ede South]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹdẹ|Ede]] | {{Coord|7.613269|4.39219|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137374954|Arola Primary Health Clinic Olodan, Ede South]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹdẹ|Ede]] | {{Coord|4.480563|4.480563|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137375006|Ededimeji Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹdẹ|Ede]] | {{Coord|7.794298|4.469705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137375019|Emiloju Clinic And Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹdẹ|Ede]] | {{Coord|7.476812|4.54074|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137375039|Alajue Oja Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹdẹ|Ede]] | {{Coord|7.64977|4.533852|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386072|Ore Ofe Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹdẹ|Ede]] | {{Coord|7.733413|4.433358|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101553973|Ossiomo Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.05577|6.05577|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112648441|Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.732181|6.189481|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126001794|Edo Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]]<br/>[[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.330398|5.623108|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Edo Specialist Hospital, Benin City, Edo State.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q133698580|Lily Day Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|5.525189|5.762768|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134513535|Aiyegunle Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akoko-Ẹdó]]<br/>''[[:d:Q131460815|Aiyegunle]]'' | {{Coord|7.351931|6.076676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134648864|Enwan II Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akoko-Ẹdó]] | {{Coord|7.291085|6.140767|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704826|Ogbe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akoko-Ẹdó]]<br/>''[[:d:Q131460815|Aiyegunle]]'' | {{Coord|7.337622|6.109901|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704878|Ogugu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akoko-Ẹdó]]<br/>''[[:d:Q131460815|Aiyegunle]]'' | {{Coord|6.244778|7.516004|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706158|Onumu - Oke Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|5.41427|7.069906|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706304|Onumu-Sale Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.358568|6.11765|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706464|Sasaro Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.210746|6.1478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706550|Somorika Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.317322|6.125801|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706594|Ugboshi-Afe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.351543|6.0766|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706650|Ugboshi-Ele Primary Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.2|6|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706765|Atte Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.211315|6.232499|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706806|Egbigere-In Primary Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.21|6.01|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706877|Egbigere-Out Primary Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.22|6.02|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706893|Enwan I Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.279857|6.139475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134713475|Ikpeshi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.1424|6.186569|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134713530|Ekpesa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.426239|6.07561|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134713619|Ibillo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.437419|6.069499|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134715697|Ikiran-Ile Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.466828|5.98336|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134715749|Ikiran-Oke Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.456097|5.983296|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134715770|Madonal Clinic Ibillo]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.45|6.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134715787|Bekuma Health Post]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.18|5.98|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134715846|Ekpe Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.415571|6.176044|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718791|Imoga Primary Health clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.507037|6.084649|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134723293|Lampese Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.510611|6.100203|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134723321|Ayanran Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.11|6.01|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134723444|Ijaja Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.255787|5.939414|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726405|Okpe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.28355|6.024976|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726431|Oloma Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.12|6.02|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726517|Dagbala Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.1|6|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726595|Makeke Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.40635|6.212487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726623|Ojah Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.37767|6.236257|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726788|Ojirami Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.318114|6.185112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726809|Egbetua Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.789082|5.514279|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136536889|Avon Healthcare Ayunko Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.46965|6.07321|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136536944|General Hospital in akoko edo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.30895|6.09381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136536986|State Specialist Hospital akoko edo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.5527|5.75873|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136537062|Idogun Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.33891|5.95786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136537130|Okugbe Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.30214|6.35062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136537156|Health center okpela]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.28443|6.28058|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136537167|FULL HEALTH SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, OKPELLA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.27762|6.35336|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136537182|Alafia Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.30214|6.1254|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137205309|rrua Specialist Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.731816|6.189679|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137437252|GENERAL HOSPITAL, IGARRA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.282014|6.104029|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137437283|PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL EDO STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.34|5.62|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137437391|UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.390384|5.611771|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137437451|General Hospital, Ubiaja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.775923|6.31126|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137437481|GENERAL HOSPITAL, IRUEKPEN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.759824|6.062794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137588397|GENERAL HOSPITAL, IRUEKPEN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.759824|6.062794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137588446|EKPEN HOSPITAL EDO STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.332317|5.600321|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137588463|GENERAL HOSPITAL, FUGAR]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.084322|6.506351|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137588476|SAFE HAVEN HOSPITAL NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.340684|5.610913|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137588492|TIME HOSPITAL EDO,NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.339999|5.626874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137588535|GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL, IGBANKE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.354849|6.197202|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137588579|COTTAGE HOSPITAL/COMPREHENSIVE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.154982|5.764517|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137588611|OUR MEDICAL CENTRE EDO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.334231|5.614103|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589689|AUCHI POLYTECHNIC MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.064825|6.274666|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589733|BAMBY HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.355834|5.604554|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589748|ST PHILOMINA CATHOLIC HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.34569|5.638209|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589763|IRELE IFIJEH HOSPITAL LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.355417|5.664968|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589772|CITY HOSPITAL AUCHI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|7.069625|6.271507|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589797|EDI INTERNATIONAL HOSPITA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.327927|5.624668|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589807|BETHEL FAITH MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.330099|5.605359|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589818|ISDA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.270979|5.714823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589839|FAITH DOME MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.744917|6.145403|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137589852|ENOMA MEDICAL CENTER]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo State]] | {{Coord|6.344934|5.695305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105682494|Immanuel General Hospital, Eket]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Eket]] | {{Coord|4.638028|7.919436|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243275|Samaritan Hospital, Akwaibom]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Eket]] | {{Coord|4.64462|7.944813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101923004|COTTAGE Hospital Obbo Ile.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819513|Ekiti]]'' | {{Coord|8.082028|5.319083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101923393|COTTAGE Hospital Oba Ayegunle.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819513|Ekiti]]'' | {{Coord|7.470833|4.780444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101923908|Cottage Hospital Eruku.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819513|Ekiti]]'' | {{Coord|8.134028|5.420861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125744827|State Specialist Hospital, Ekiti]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.802093|5.534173|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125756571|ABUAD Multi System Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.602004|5.30898|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133260844|Federal Medical Centre, Ikole Ekiti, Ekiti State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.801935|5.534181|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137187874|State Hospital Ikole-Ekiti]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.747528|5.717444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137187887|Orire Hospital Complex]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.65425|5.222833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137187938|Maria Assumpta Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.325556|5.241917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137193745|General Hospital Emuren Ekiti]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.431443|5.453991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137193756|General Hospital Aramoko-Ekiti]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.759272|5.047039|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139676510|Lifegate Hospital (Ekiti)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.649151|5.209232|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139732767|Community Health Centre, Ikun-Oba]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Áfríkà|Áfíríkà]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì|Ekiti State]] | {{Coord|7.790058|5.712283|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114968350|ST. LUKE'S CLINIC, EDO STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ekpoma]] | {{Coord|6.401293|5.880418|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105682662|Madonna University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Elele]] | {{Coord|5.135943|6.825637|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105682197|Holy Rosary Hospital Emekuku]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5370336|Emekukwu]]'' | {{Coord|5.470262|7.110852|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967856|Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Enugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.460239|7.526631|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123492481|Christian Miracle Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.449227|7.511546|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123492506|St. Patricks Hospital and Maternity]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.445195|7.511923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123492542|Crystalview Eye Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.453981|7.514307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123492560|Friendly Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.453095|7.515404|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123497146|Regions Hospital Enugu]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.44949|7.532186|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123502443|Kenechukwu Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.471659|7.52253|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123505884|Paulsonic Hospital Limited]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.46053|7.505258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123510461|Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.42091|7.509782|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123510494|Ireneth Multy-Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.482953|7.480168|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123511890|Mater Dei Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.431517|7.523768|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123512996|Disom Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.450622|7.536299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123513076|primecare hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.486656|7.49555|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123513088|Nikea Specialist hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.470214|7.50449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123513102|Ntasi Obi Ndinonafufu Catholic Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.47689|7.501446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123513165|Memfys Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.473829|7.505731|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123513237|Ekochin Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.465706|7.545739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123513294|EZUTH SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.462912|7.554235|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123513343|Redeemer clinic]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.405625|7.557159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130458102|Obodo Nike Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.454096|7.624247|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130458857|Mpu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.00986|7.62786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130458888|Agbada Health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.10762|7.53899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130459036|Ndiagu Enugwunator Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.15741|7.15744|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464061|Godel Hospital and Maternity/Laboratory]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.45|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464226|Godfrey Okoye Community Health Centre, Ugwuomu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.477265|7.501165|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464238|Angel of Peace Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.4788|7.5255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464247|Amokwe Health Centre Oduma- (Aninri)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.314666|7.365316|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130527776|Tender Hospital and Maternity Enugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q59815473|Abakpa II]]'' | {{Coord|6.483712|7.531747|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137009818|Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Enugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.4595|7.525778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137009828|St. Bridget's Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.47525|7.587139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137009834|Achi Joint Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.452667|7.510333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137043561|Cottage Hospital achi uno]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.452667|7.510333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137043588|Cottage Hospital Iji Nike]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.452667|7.510333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137043615|District Hospital Agbani]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.335972|7.586528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044077|District Hospital Awgu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.082083|7.477944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044130|District Hospital Ikem]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.776417|7.717222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044220|Poly Sub District Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.458361|7.546389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044360|St Anthony's Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.452667|7.510333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137078100|St Luke's Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.452667|7.510333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137078387|St Mary Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.452667|7.510333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137078815|St Theresa Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.452667|7.510333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640170|PEENOK MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.42733|7.492983|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640234|JENO HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.4757|7.493105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640255|MICHAEL OBAYI MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.44827|7.513933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640262|CIMAC HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.419475|7.487982|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640625|RISTELA HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.442618|7.506754|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640639|OUR SAVIOUR MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.294748|7.364158|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640653|NTASIOBI HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.476659|7.501535|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640663|UNITY NGWO HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.426017|7.452447|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640675|BENEM HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.424753|7.453585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640689|LIFE FOUNDATION HOSPITAL. Enugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.409832|7.497422|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640698|IBEZIM MEDICAL CLINICS]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.409908|7.496444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640780|JULIUS EZENYIRIOHA MEMORIAL HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.484962|7.517686|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640814|ST. LEO`S SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.483623|7.500114|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640827|ORIENT HOSPITAL. Enugu State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.45|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640861|MOTHER OF MERCY HOSPITAL & MATERNITY. Enugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.22119|7.448058|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640880|ANNUCIATION HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.452662|7.510365|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640886|ESUT TEACHING HOSPITAL, PARKLANE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.460561|7.493452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640897|ORAKWUE HOSPITAL. Enugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.420354|7.487365|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640931|82 DIV HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.466921|7.519947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137640976|KINGS COURT HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.458026|7.51907|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646175|EKWOMIBE MEMORIAL HOSPITA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.424597|7.449858|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646186|FAITH FOUNDATION HOSPITAL. Enugu State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.852774|7.381421|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646196|MOUNTARAFAT HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.842966|7.396618|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646207|TENDERCARE HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.483673|7.531772|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646215|FREEDOM FERTILITY CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.43055|7.519011|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646225|KEME HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.413692|7.491858|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646244|AICKON SPECIALIST HOPSITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.458259|7.529243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646267|DIVINE BLESSED ASSURANCE MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.44|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646273|MERCY OF GOD HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.46|7.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646279|PATRICK OTIJI SPECIALISTS HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.45|7.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646284|THE MERKEN HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|Enugu State]] | {{Coord|6.44|7.49|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040753|Folorunsho Hospital Erin Ile]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q55611001|Erin-Ile, Kwara]]'' | {{Coord|8.086189|4.705653|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101584536|Central Hospital Uromi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5396720|Esan North-East]]'' | {{Coord|6.717139|6.318028|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Central Hospital Uromi.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136719000|Eromosele Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5396721|Esan West]]'' | {{Coord|6.743883|6.136747|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101963410|Eti-Osa Maternal And Child Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5404527|Eti-Osa]]'' | {{Coord|6.463417|3.585222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245073|Vigor Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5404527|Eti-Osa]]'' | {{Coord|6.468806|3.663704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101584509|Agenebode General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5404915|Etsako East]]'' | {{Coord|7.106691|6.687858|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101584499|Central Hospital Auchi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5404913|Etsako west]]'' | {{Coord|7.072472|6.258222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133366600|Visitation hospital Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q125512136|Fegge Onitsha]]'' | {{Coord|5.93608|7.123293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245612|THH healthcare]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816107|Festac I]]'' | {{Coord|6.476144|3.281525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102267641|St.Jude's Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816107|Festac I]]'' | {{Coord|6.463374|3.295654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270278|Shepherd Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816107|Festac I]]'' | {{Coord|6.477636|3.275693|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270994|Renue Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816107|Festac I]]'' | {{Coord|6.470373|3.278299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113530049|Marex Eye Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilu Festac|Festac Town]] | {{Coord|6.465552|3.290469|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131905538|Darun Naeem Maternity hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q94748852|Galadima]]'' | {{Coord|6.06008|6.06008|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115056751|Cairo hospital abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815528|Garki District 1]]'' | {{Coord|9.021412|7.496008|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102244971|We Care Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816268|Gbagada Phase I Obanikoro/Pedro]]'' | {{Coord|6.548147|3.376037|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102271195|Reliance Family Clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816269|Gbagada Phase II /Bariga/Apelehin]]'' | {{Coord|6.5455|3.385903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131827087|Tsekucha Primary Health Centre Mbatyu, Gboko]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gboko]] | {{Coord|7.341917|9.002105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101546485|General Hospital igboora]]'' | ile iwosan gbangba ni Ipinle Oyo, Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gbọ̀ngàn Ibarapa|Gbọ̀ngàn Ìbàràpá]] | {{Coord|7.447139|3.276778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128908835|Federal Housing Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59818692|Girei]]'' | {{Coord|12.47671|9.32307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119842257|Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.306292|11.142612|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119968544|Cottage Hospital, Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.279174|11.173092|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119969244|Musaba Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.82|11.311944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119997020|Rumee Diagnostic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.2859|11.1744|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119997118|Toro Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.8756|11.2193|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q120092062|Haske Consultant Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.873955|11.206752|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q120092386|Ahajas Memorial Hospital, Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.255031|11.165414|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q120092854|Aipidi Vision Hospital & Specialist Services LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.289658|11.094834|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q120093496|Albarka Medical Services, Gombe Stat]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.822983|10.773317|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q120095068|General Hospital Biliri, Gombe State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.882122|11.208911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q120096219|Doma Health Clinic, Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.28856|11.181509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q120120048|Amdo Medical Centre, Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.279157|11.173133|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122047672|Lah Tah Zan Hospital Tilden Fulani, Toro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|8.99432|8.99432|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123507358|Miyetti Hospital Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.282389|11.174778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123577672|Babadidi Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.507348|11.846652|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123583818|Arewa Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.2824|11.17479|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123584068|Naseef Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.287694|11.158373|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Naseef Health Clinic.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q123584675|Ameerah Health Clinic Bolari West, Gombe]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.27743|11.173208|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123697578|Nakowa Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.469605|11.481127|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123734253|Haske Medical clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.873965|11.2068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123736214|Yambu Dok Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.286023|11.141567|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124499784|Malam sidi clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.474796|11.293684|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126199207|General Hospital Kumo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Kumo, Nàìjíríà|Kumo]] | {{Coord|10.050724|11.195949|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130504070|Zainab Bulkachuwa Women and Children Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q59815563|Bajoga]]'' | {{Coord|11.18098|10.29302|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133457750|at Ashamaki Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.283306|11.166694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133457763|Nyako Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.279111|11.173111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133457771|Sabana Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.299222|11.150833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691404|Akko Primary Healthcare Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.290911|10.967227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691788|Bula Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akko]] | {{Coord|10.290911|10.967227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134691964|Garko Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q59815541|Garko]]'' | {{Coord|10.176969|11.165651|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137259269|Nono Malam Isa Health Post Nono/Kunnuwal/W/Birdaka, Yamaltu/Deba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|11.40864|11.40864|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137259361|Jigawan Magaji Health Clinic Lano/kuri/Lambam, Yamaltu/Deba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|11.51733|11.51733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137259604|Infectious Disesase Hospital Zambuk Zambuk/Kwali, Yamaltu/Deba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|11.36051|11.36051|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137401388|Kwali Health Clinic Zambuk/Kwali, Yamaltu/Deba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|11.40745|11.40745|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137401534|Sabongari Health Post Zambuk/Kwali, Yamaltu/Deba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|11.32843|11.32843|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137402421|Nafada General Hospital Nafada East, Nafada]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|11.34162|11.34162|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137407555|Nyalimi Primary Health Clinic Burak, Shongom]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|11.27251|11.27251|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137706145|ALIYU USMAN ELNAFATY CLINIC GSU]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|5.414344|7.069853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140198099|AS-SAHL HOSPITAL GOMBE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373129|A and I NAGARTA HOSPITAL GOMBE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373164|AKKO PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373172|AL IHSAN MEDICAL CLINIC AND DIAGNOSIS SCAN SERVICES]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373180|ALBARKA HEALTH CARE & SERVICES GOMBE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373187|FASBEER HOSPITAL & CLINIC SERVICES]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373191|Aliyu Usman El-nafaty Clinic GSU]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373199|AN-NUR MEDICAL CENTRE ASHAKA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373203|AT SHAMAKI PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373208|COTTAGE HOSPITAL BIRI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373222|BAGE PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373225|BAJOGA WEST PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373246|BANGANJE PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373288|BANGUNJI PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373308|BARWO NASARAWO PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373322|BARWO WINDE PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373326|BAULE GARI PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373333|BIRIN BOLEWA PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373341|BIRIN FULANI PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373348|BOH PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373368|BURAK PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140373379|CHAM PHCC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q93122035|Yariman Bakura Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gusau]] | {{Coord|12.168391|6.677085|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939189|Federal Medical Centre, Gusau]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gusau]] | {{Coord|12.183999|6.687104|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123120305|General Hospital Mada, Gusau]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gusau]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12678800|Zamfara]]'' | {{Coord|12.172967|6.661223|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131905796|Godiya Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q94745138|Gusau]]'' | {{Coord|11.940869|8.563437|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131909429|Hilal Specialist Hospital Galadima (Gusau), Gusau]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gusau]] | {{Coord|12.183244|6.661055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123120026|General Hospital Galadima]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819982|Gusau I]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12678800|Zamfara]]'' | {{Coord|12.167946|6.661027|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956395|Nisa Premier Hospital Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815531|Gwarimpa]]'' | {{Coord|9.067846|7.412328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105660674|Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]] | {{Coord|10.307988|11.142895|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939184|Federal Medical Centre, Gombe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]] | {{Coord|10.338958|11.183299|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.295278|11.170833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098699|MEDINA SPECIALIST EYE & DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]] | {{Coord|10.277927|11.166946|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098714|METRO CONSULTANTS CLINICS]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]] | {{Coord|10.293592|11.155645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122955835|Medical Clinic Herwa/Gana]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.286464|11.171998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122955943|Sunnah Hospital Herwa/Gana]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.283306|11.166694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123204648|Zandal hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]] | {{Coord|10.29|11.17|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123364892|Kumbia Kumbia Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.284258|11.167514|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123364940|Primary Health Care Centre Nassarawo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Gòmbè]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.281468|11.209428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102062873|Kajola Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ogbomosho|Gúúsù Ògbómọ̀shọ́]] | {{Coord|8.113083|4.225722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102064545|State Hospital Ogbomoso]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Ogbomosho|Gúúsù Ògbómọ̀shọ́]] | {{Coord|8.110278|4.234722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102067795|Jericho Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìwọòrùn Ìbàdàn|Gúúsù-Ìwọ̀oòrùn Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.396694|3.871167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102068021|Government Chest Hospital.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìwọòrùn Ìbàdàn|Gúúsù-Ìwọ̀oòrùn Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.394667|3.872111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102068115|Oni Memorial Children Hospital.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìwọòrùn Ìbàdàn|Gúúsù-Ìwọ̀oòrùn Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.362778|3.862083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102068424|Adeoyo State Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìwọòrùn Ìbàdàn|Gúúsù-Ìwọ̀oòrùn Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.350722|3.862806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137245390|Oke Ado Hospital Ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q103934973|Ibadan]]'' | {{Coord|7.378367|3.879735|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101964457|Ibeju Lekki General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5983804|Ibeju-lekki]]'' | {{Coord|6.579889|3.974639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101819374|Zonal Hospital Idah]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Idah]] | {{Coord|7.11025|6.732683|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133294777|Glory Hospital & Maternity Complex.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Idemili|Idemili North]] | {{Coord|6.14351|6.850703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295956|Glory hospital and maternity complex]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Idemili|Idemili North]] | {{Coord|6.130132|6.818503|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296088|Winners Hospital & Maternity Awada.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Idemili|Idemili North]] | {{Coord|6.122106|6.794843|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135113150|Iyienu mission hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Idemili|Idemili North]] | {{Coord|6.153764|6.849674|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102177220|God's Time Special Clinic & Maternity Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819680|Idiroko Ipokia]]'' | {{Coord|6.626428|2.744763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178931|Ace Medicare Clinics Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819680|Idiroko Ipokia]]'' | {{Coord|6.682094|3.163136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105542682|federal teaching hospital ido ekiti]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5970060|Ido Ekiti]]'' | {{Coord|7.844365|5.187664|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939176|Federal Medical Centre, Ido Ekiti]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5970060|Ido Ekiti]]'' | {{Coord|7.84258|5.18597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136957119|Ile-Anu Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q111336668|Idofiya]]'' | {{Coord|8.5|4.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137010632|Ilé ìwòsan Idofian]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q111336668|Idofiya]]'' | {{Coord|8.383016|4.703431|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552488|Ifako Ijaiye General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5991116|Ifako ìjàyè]]'' | {{Coord|6.641223|3.330627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456807|Ifako-Ijaiye General Hospital by College Road/Iju-Ishaga Road]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | ''[[:d:Q5991116|Ifako ìjàyè]]'' | {{Coord|6.643697|3.325579|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101818825|General Hospital Odolu]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5991434|Igalamela-odolu]]'' | {{Coord|6.981406|7.156778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113511498|Crest Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Igando]] | {{Coord|6.453927|3.399513|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136996418|Ilé ìwòsan Igbaja]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5991539|Igbaja]]'' | {{Coord|4.87763|4.87763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136996438|Ilé ìwòsan ECWA]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5991539|Igbaja]]'' | {{Coord|4.88376|4.88376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309687|Christ the king Hospital and Maternity - Nkwelle Ezunaka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q108749333|Nkwelle-Ezunaka]]'' | {{Coord|6.429629|6.782042|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309703|All Saint Hospital and Maternity Nkwelle Ezunaka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q108749333|Nkwelle-Ezunaka]]'' | {{Coord|6.016871|6.939432|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309751|Oyolu primary health Center - Nkwelle Ezunaka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q108749333|Nkwelle-Ezunaka]]'' | {{Coord|6.208348|6.859585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309771|Multi Care Hospital and Maternity - Nkwelle Ezunaka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q108749333|Nkwelle-Ezunaka]]'' | {{Coord|6.16515|6.775094|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309811|Domi Clinic - Nkwelle Ezunaka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q108749333|Nkwelle-Ezunaka]]'' | {{Coord|6.191127|6.808738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101553423|General Hospital Igueben]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q15043602|Igueben]]'' | {{Coord|6.612507|6.247936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296225|Daughter of Divine Mercy hospital Azia, Ihiala]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Ihiala]] | {{Coord|6.243122|6.805792|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296271|Chikwado Maternity home Umuoma ward,]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Ihiala]] | {{Coord|6.15|6.98|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296311|Anambra State University medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Ihiala]] | {{Coord|5.93|6.91|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133306322|Okani memorial maternity home Ihiala]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Ihiala]] | {{Coord|5.85|6.86|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133306372|Ojiofor Specialist Hospital Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Ihiala]] | {{Coord|6.118288|6.792366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133306542|Nnediaso Hospital aand Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Ihiala]] | {{Coord|6.14|6.97|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178329|Diamond Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816357|Ijoko]]'' | {{Coord|6.730819|3.219393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101816283|Yara Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5995233|Ijumu]]'' | {{Coord|7.705679|5.970453|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101816685|Iyamoye Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5995233|Ijumu]]'' | {{Coord|7.781991|5.797836|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101817363|Ekirin Adde Cottage Hospita]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5995233|Ijumu]]'' | {{Coord|7.834108|5.869679|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101818220|Aiyegunle Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5995233|Ijumu]]'' | {{Coord|7.992311|6.055582|display=inline}} | | |- | [[Eko Hospital]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.587832|3.357636|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:EKO hospital Victoria Island,Lagos.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | [[Lagos State University Teaching Hospital]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.59011|3.34175|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ikeja General Hospital Nigeria 1972 Designed by Michael Olutusen Onafowokan Lagos State Govt 022.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q30646195|Ikeja General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.591253|3.342471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101544239|9 Brigade Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.568208|3.357951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552394|Police college Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.588171|3.346227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102198937|Life Point Medical Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.564062|3.367795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102199479|Zoe Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.602313|3.350936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245457|Triumph Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.597143|3.345886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105590364|Duro Soleye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.600709|3.353138|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105682724|Motayo Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.600617|3.350244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105758281|Clinix Healthcare]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.640388|3.301137|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113516720|County Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.635522|3.349797|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113530277|Eye Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.58039|3.35881|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113532442|St. Ellias Cares Family Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.529632|3.357661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113539805|Good Tidings Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.516704|3.361478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113553962|The Brighthope Specialist Hospitals Ltd.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.62424|3.35265|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113578295|KCM Hospital Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.602109|3.351663|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133454361|Isalu Hospitals 349b Odusami Street, off]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.632947|3.341256|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456573|Eko Hospital Ikeja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.587148|3.357056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456729|Ikeja General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.590442|3.342266|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456754|Adefemi Hospital Ikeja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.602601|3.339272|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133461749|International SOS - Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.457062|3.435487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133574913|The Eko Hospital, Ikeja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.58809|3.357586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133698358|Critical Rescue International Clinic, CRI Clinic Ikeja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.609881|3.337421|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105758229|State Specialist Hospital Ikere]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikerre]] | {{Coord|7.495735|5.255843|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115023751|OGUNLUSI MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikerre]] | {{Coord|7.495275|5.23|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114926081|COUNTY SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, IKOM]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5996091|Ikom]]'' | {{Coord|5.971046|8.726088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113512136|Uzopean specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59681332|Ikorodu]]'' | {{Coord|6.45306|3.39583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137737840|Ikot Abasi General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikot Abasi]] | {{Coord|4.588618|7.827182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105678405|General Hospital, Ikot-Ekpene]]'' | Ile-iṣẹ iṣoogun ni Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ikot Ekpene|Ikot Ekpene]] | {{Coord|5.176732|7.713537|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243304|Demak Clinics & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ikot Ekpene|Ikot Ekpene]] | {{Coord|5.31641|7.704738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243323|New Life Medical Centre, Akwa Ibom]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ikot Ekpene|Ikot Ekpene]] | {{Coord|5.495022|5.796352|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102249342|Talent Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816093|Ikotun/Ijegun]]'' | {{Coord|6.604026|3.292879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102249514|Subol Hospital Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816093|Ikotun/Ijegun]]'' | {{Coord|6.566243|3.274736|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101992942|Adefegha Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5997398|Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]]'' | {{Coord|7.1|5.2|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105588301|Babcock University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q55614321|Ilishan-Remo]]'' | {{Coord|6.892059|3.717429|display=inline}} | | |- | [[Ilé ìwòsan ẹ̀kóni ti ifáfitì Ìlọrin|University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6001095|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ilorin]]'' | {{Coord|8.537305|4.647313|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Artwork of an Eye at Eye Complex, UITH.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q64576123|General Hospital Ilorin]]'' | ile iwosan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.479386|4.534193|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101865956|General Hospital Ilorin]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.48|4.532028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133280751|Olanrewaju Hospital Ilorin]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.495718|4.566518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133283080|Leah Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.541175|4.542355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133283143|Balm Hospital Ilori]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.537507|4.544355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133294655|Omolewa hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.461269|4.508024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134413741|Sabo Specialist Hospital Kwara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.53492|4.538817|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136793870|Ilé ìwòsan Omolola]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.499975|4.573601|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137010724|Sabo Oke Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.492556|4.571056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137010802|SarFam Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|4.59272|4.59272|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137010872|Ilé ìwòsan royal medical]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|4.58344|4.58344|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137011525|Yusjib Hospital Ilorin]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|4.57523|4.57523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137011821|Toss Hospital ilorin]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.528639|4.586404|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137039339|Children Specialist Hospital Igboro]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.481321|4.538004|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137039372|Ilé ìwòsan kosemani]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.493146|4.555199|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137039423|Ilé ìwòsan Boaz ilorin]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.499265|4.596287|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137039495|Ilé ìwòsan ire]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.491199|4.510921|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137039801|Ilé ìwòsan Delink]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.485519|4.54763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040773|Ilé ìwòsan okelele]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.512858|4.543341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30260635|Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.508572|4.56687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102038102|Seventh-day Adventist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.488861|4.535611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173269|Living Hope HospitalIle Ife]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.511404|4.544761|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173484|Apex Medical Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.495079|4.524205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112316656|Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.518333|4.522778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114186189|O.A.U. TEACHING HOSPITAL, IFE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.614553|4.737139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114662540|ALU Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.842591|5.738429|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114663545|Jimaks Hospital ,Osun state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.562909|4.519986|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114671273|Alafia Hospital and Maternity Ife]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.496863|4.563403|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308095|Living Hope Hospital, Parakin, Ile Ife]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.505569|4.539476|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308123|Seventh Day Adventist Hospital ile ife]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.489987|4.541159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133310535|Oluwakoseunti Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.563992|3.867187|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133310562|Aanuoluwa Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.650349|4.744616|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133310594|St. Victoria Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.499237|4.589628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136747825|Judors Specialist Hospital Ife]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.510174|4.574694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136776107|Vinamed Safeway Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.530328|4.543557|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137045471|Emmanuel Specialists Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.500489|4.575674|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386100|Our Lady Of Lourdes Catholic Hospital And Maternity Ife North, Osun]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀]] | {{Coord|7.516223|4.43574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30281120|Wesley Guild Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Iléṣà]] | {{Coord|7.614444|4.736724|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173113|Oba Adenle Memorial Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Iléṣà]] | {{Coord|7.619196|4.734029|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173212|Living-Petals Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Iléṣà]] | {{Coord|7.631465|4.764101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133810195|Carez Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q30127794|Imo]]'' | {{Coord|5.477383|6.989809|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30253950|Imo State University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.503724|7.043802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126193121|Regions Stroke and Neuroscience Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ohaji/Egbema]] | {{Coord|5.363691|6.958213|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128232005|Grace Hospital Eziama]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.294999|7.222836|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131829928|General Hospital Aboh Mbaise]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.478432|7.273056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131829948|IWC Aboh Mbaise HQ]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.549963|7.270442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796781|Brightstar-Care Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.447797|6.96794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796869|Dews of Hope Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.5014|7.014879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796928|BLUEROCK WOMEN'S HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.495423|7.044722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133796971|Imo State Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.468916|7.00101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133800357|St Monica De Grace specialiat hospital owerri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|7.14663|7.14663|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133800404|Mark Of Glory Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.487807|7.043815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133807627|First Concept Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.493607|7.039117|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133807881|Eastern Summit Specialist Clinic And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.52489|7.018483|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133807908|Salvation Hospital Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.495298|7.071998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133807973|Aladinma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.499806|7.049111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133808239|Salvation Hospital and Maternity Owerri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.490824|7.0458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133808265|New Healing Stream Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.535753|7.0133|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133808331|Akaraugo Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.491222|7.044083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133810242|St Davids Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.493842|7.036226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133810323|St. Elizabeth Fertility Specialists]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.497779|7.02792|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134692075|Ahiato Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.500457|7.203552|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134693283|Health of The Sick Hospital Umuanuma Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.480829|7.23821|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134693470|Santa Maria Christian Hospital Nguru Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.485335|7.233191|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134696041|Umuannuma Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.499551|7.203002|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134696058|Umueze Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.500457|7.203552|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134696075|Village Angel Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.499668|7.203071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134696094|Amuze Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.383586|7.280475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134696114|Catholic Convent Hospital Amuzu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.383586|7.280475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134696154|Egbelu Umuhu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.461247|7.247384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134696247|New Life Maternity Umuhu Enyiogugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.461247|7.247384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699411|Enyiogugu Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.450298|7.233701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699438|Sacred Heart of Jesus Hospital Umuokele]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.450357|7.23399|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699465|St Joseph'S Clinic Enyiogugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.450357|7.23399|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699553|Oboama Primary Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.466741|7.266619|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699762|St.Theodore Hospital Oboama Enyiogugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.471875|7.268731|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134699812|God' s Light Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.471001|7.246217|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134700323|Ibeku Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.470559|7.248022|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134700677|St Gerad Hospital And Maternity Ibeku]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.471489|7.243712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134700876|Nneji Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.44719|7.237784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703214|Obo-Lagwa Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.44719|7.237784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704084|Lorji Comprehensive Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.406327|7.291303|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704229|St. Gerald Hospital Lorji]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.406327|7.291303|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704274|Dr.Ewenonu Hospital Mbutu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.425468|7.245023|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704314|Mbutu Primary Health Center Mbutu 1, Aboh- Mbaise]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.425468|7.245023|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704353|Mercy Hospital Mbutu (Mission)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.425468|7.245023|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704426|Ave Maria Hospital And Motherless Babies Home Eziala Ogwu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.502373|7.245066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704478|Dr. Frank Hospital And Maternity Okwu-Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.484288|7.240471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704658|Holy Rosary Hospital and Maternity Ogbor Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.483407|7.241804|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704759|Nkwogwu Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.484175|7.243263|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704839|Santa Maria Hospital, Nguru Nwankwo Aboh-Mbaise]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.484175|7.243263|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704900|Divine Hope Hospital And Maternity Amaohuru Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.498094|7.246745|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134704991|Frankoma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.494552|7.259539|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706757|Infant Welfare Clinic Nguru Nweke]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134713729|IWC Aboh Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134716745|Ndubuisi Hospital Ezuhu Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134716972|Tuberculosis, LeprosyAnd Dispensary Hospital, Nguru Nweke]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717215|Uzoma Hospital and Maternity Ezuhu Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717255|Dr. Alalugwu's Hospital Umukabia Umuhu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.457919|7.25176|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717646|Light of Light Hospital Umuhu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.457919|7.25176|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718044|St. Paul'S Maternity/Clinic Eziala Umuhu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.457919|7.25176|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718200|Umuhu Health Center Umuhu, Aboh-Mbaise]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.457919|7.25176|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718266|Dr. Iwuji'S Hospital And Maternity Eziala Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.456377|7.23643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134719456|Ngurunweke Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134719488|Ascension Maternity And Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134719512|Blessed Maria Schinna For The Poor Clinic, Aboh-Mbaise]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134719560|Chioma Maternity Home, Aboh-Mbaise]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.489255|7.26383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134719613|Cottage Clinic Ogbor Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.456377|7.23643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134719624|God'S Guide Maternity Home Amuzu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.456377|7.23643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134720046|Hildas Hospital, Aboh-Mbaise]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.456377|7.23643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134720126|Ikechukwu Maternity Home Enyiogugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.456377|7.23643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134720242|Mrs Osuji Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.456377|7.23643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134722885|Nurse Uwuruaja Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.454882|7.239992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134722945|Oboloagwa Health Centre, Aboh-Mbaise]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.454882|7.239992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134722998|Sacred Health Maternity Home Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.454882|7.239992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134723037|St Jude Maternity Home Mbutu Ngwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.454882|7.239992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134723067|Sydney Ewunonu Memorial Hospital Mbutu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.454882|7.239992|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134724944|Orient Hospital Uvuru1]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.392103|7.252951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725017|Uvuru Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.392103|7.252951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725042|Grace And Mercy Hospital Ogbor Uvuru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.392103|7.252951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725051|Amuzi Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.383415|7.280091|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725079|Corpus Christi Hospital Amuzi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.548691|7.269833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725507|Eziama Marcelina Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.548691|7.269833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725515|Eziama Model Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.541194|7.272376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725890|Good Hope Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.594511|7.225623|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725909|Oparanadim Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.594511|7.225623|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725921|Precious Blood Clinic Umumbiri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.594511|7.225623|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726008|Mpam Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.570847|7.294829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726067|Obioma Hospital and Maternity, Mpam]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.570847|7.294829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726172|Chinyere Hospital And Maternity, Nnarambia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.518829|7.257923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134726276|Crown Medical Centre, Nnarambia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.518829|7.257923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134731891|Nnarambia Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.518829|7.257923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134731964|County Specialist Hospital Obodo Ahiara/Ihenworie]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.529404|7.278212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732122|County Specialist Hospital Ikom 2]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.956016|8.719975|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732282|Ihenworie Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.529404|7.278212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732324|Obodo Ahiara Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.533169|7.284095|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732358|Assumpta Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.546442|7.238358|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732413|Ekwereazu Town Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.546442|7.238358|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732495|Elekenowasi Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.546442|7.238358|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732512|Obohia Health Center Obohia/Ekwerezu Town]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.546442|7.238358|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732535|St. Paul’s Specialist Hospital Obohia/Ekwerezu Town]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.546442|7.238358|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732672|Cecilia Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.518457|7.290873|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732735|Mejex Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.518457|7.290873|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732749|Ogbenneisii Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.514188|7.28616|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134732767|Hope Clinic Amaorji]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ahiazu-Mbaise]] | {{Coord|5.514188|7.28616|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136920616|Basic Health Centre Iho]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.485|7.035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136920654|Chiamaka Hospital Orlu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.485|7.035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136920923|Chibugo Hospital & Maternity Isie]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.485|7.035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136921128|General Hospital Oguta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.485|7.035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136921507|I C C Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.481417|7.03525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136921615|Ndukwu Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.547222|7.165556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136921708|General hospital owerri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.796389|7.038889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136921731|St Damians Catholic Hospital Orlu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.791771|6.993168|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646428|JASMAN HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.48|7.03|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646443|OBIZIE PEOPLE'S MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.47|7.02|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646485|GENERAL HOSPITAL, OKIGWE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.835|7.35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646567|ANGBOSO SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.46|7.01|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646577|UMEZURUIKE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.48|7.02|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646606|THE CHAPEL GRD SPEC. HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.47|7.03|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646672|ST. ELIZABETH HOSPITAL. IMO STATE.NIG.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.46|7.01|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646959|LIFE SPRING SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.505747|7.03996|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137646988|JONE MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.502024|7.041824|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650274|IKENEGBU HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.501484|7.038478|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650285|NEW CROSS HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.514825|7.041102|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650295|UCHENNA HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.515733|6.994231|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650300|CHINYERE CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.490246|7.034914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650311|CHRISTIANA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL. Owerri, Imo State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.501089|7.079603|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650328|CAPITAL HEALTH HOSPITAL. Imo state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.48196|7.038724|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650350|IMO STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.83582|7.019612|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650387|POLICE HOSPITAL, IMO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.525477|7.022975|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650418|HOLY FAMILY HOSPITAL & MATERNITY. Imo state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.49371|7.065993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650680|VADEN SPECIALIST CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.488072|7.015878|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650704|STEPS OF FAITH HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.48018|7.034387|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650719|FAMILYCARE SPECIALIST CLINICS]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.480838|6.994571|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650732|GEOFFREY MEMORIAL HEALTHCARE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.508041|7.042257|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650790|ZENNIA HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.480056|6.997302|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650818|J B HOSPITAL. Imo State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.488396|7.045509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137650833|MC-FORTUNE MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.490153|7.045172|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137652970|ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL & MATERNITY. Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.403995|6.963822|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137652987|General Hospital, Awo - Omamma]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.670564|6.924948|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137652992|Medical City Hospital. Imo State Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] | {{Coord|5.473952|7.083046|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552592|Irele General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6068743|Irele]]'' | {{Coord|6.493849|4.861982|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101993200|Bolatos Hospital Irele]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6068743|Irele]]'' | {{Coord|6.501727|4.869939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101860944|Oro General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819524|Irepodun]]'' | {{Coord|8.324905|5.230789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101862517|General Hospital Omu Aran]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819524|Irepodun]]'' | {{Coord|8.129639|5.106444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97041178|Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q65065897|Irrua]]'' | {{Coord|6.731811|6.189605|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101859733|Oke Onigbin Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819526|Isin]]'' | {{Coord|8.223722|4.993806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102244541|Westcare specialist hospital-Ejigbo]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816245|Isolo]]'' | {{Coord|6.546436|3.301667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270116|Siloan Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816245|Isolo]]'' | {{Coord|6.544448|3.298079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270873|Rivet Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816245|Isolo]]'' | {{Coord|6.541548|3.310371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456840|Isolo General Hospital Oke Afa Road Isolo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | ''[[:d:Q59816245|Isolo]]'' | {{Coord|6.526645|3.318175|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102076640|Gateway hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jalingo]] | {{Coord|8.903111|11.364389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133532496|Jaji memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | [[Jalingo]] | {{Coord|8.872925|11.389555|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133532731|Nobis Eye clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | [[Jalingo]] | {{Coord|8.953785|11.363028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123003700|General Hospital Birnin Kudu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q94750398|Jigawa]]'' | {{Coord|11.456839|9.481855|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126030399|Wanzamai Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.771175|9.475721|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126033501|Kamainketa Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.817949|9.438133|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126034146|Marya Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.927722|10.164004|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629301|Gumel General Hospital, Jigawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.623643|9.390898|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133467888|Sambo Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|11.721028|9.345472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539394|Zainab memorial hospital kazaure]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.644909|8.408739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539407|Police hospital Dutse]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|11.689626|9.334837|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133567510|Hafsat Maternity hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.667171|8.397712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573232|AL'UMMA MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|11.720771|9.362551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573236|Divine Winners Medical]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|11.702441|9.334011|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137194778|Auyakayi Primary Health clinic Auyakayi, Auyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|9.98853|9.98853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261221|Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|11.442302|9.485241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137718227|GENERAL HOSPITAL, HADEJIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.445709|10.047776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137718273|GENERAL HOSPITAL, RINGIM]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.146899|9.155423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137718468|SAMBO HOSPITAL LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|11.705807|9.33362|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137718524|HUSSAINI CUSTOM HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.17|9.56|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137718549|FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTER - BIRNIN KEBBI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|12.435031|4.18901|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139547268|Dutse General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | {{Coord|11.726308|9.380444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140313473|AL-AMEEN HOSPITAL ,JAHUN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Jigawa|Jigawa State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114236168|The New Boshang Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jimeta]] | {{Coord|9.258037|12.441562|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114236745|DA’AMA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jimeta]] | {{Coord|9.271006|12.453492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5322768|ECWA Evangel Hospital, Jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.936993|8.877979|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30254007|Jos University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.918467|8.892158|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:JUTH Facility.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170501|Tadam Medical Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.900775|8.866949|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170542|Sauki Clinic And Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.921514|8.879842|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170583|Samantha Lucil Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.93245|8.88553|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170628|Parkview Family Medical Royal Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.871061|8.857159|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Parkview Family Medical Royal Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170658|Our Lady Of Apostles Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.96158|8.871346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170774|Fertile Ground Hospital & IVF Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.845545|8.869096|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170837|Chilass Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.931726|8.880279|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170882|Bingham University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.930525|8.877915|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102198319|Nasara Clinic And Maternity]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|11.042396|7.525408|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112076675|Bingham University teaching hospital (formerly ECWA Evangel Hospital, Jos)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.930278|8.878056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185793|NASSARAWA MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.934809|8.904641|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115091769|Fucos hospital jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.906712|8.87397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115094293|Tru-Care Medical Consult & Solutions LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.848825|8.884027|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115095301|563 Nigeria Airforce Hospital Jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.871164|8.90088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125778143|Rayfield Medical Services Ltd, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.845761|8.891344|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125867905|Al-Hayat Central Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.934523|8.881945|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125867989|Chilas Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.896475|8.858393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125868140|Daisyland Orthopaedic & Trauma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.860764|8.875358|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125868474|Jama'a Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|8.838598|7.886569|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125868912|Maigamo Dispensary jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.966348|8.887668|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125869011|New Crescent Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.931382|8.878873|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125869200|Tadam Medical Centre jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.900542|8.866935|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125869223|Victoria Memorial Hospital, Jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos]] | {{Coord|9.898787|8.882134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131870177|347 Nigeria Air Force Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Jos Plateau]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101815667|General Hospital Kabba]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6343980|Kabba/Bunu]]'' | {{Coord|7.826417|6.081917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109701839|General Hospital, Saminaka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.413796|8.678621|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967741|National Ear Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Kàdúná]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]]<br/>[[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.554648|7.4531|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.754993|7.3766|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967855|Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]]<br/>[[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.465197|7.427965|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113070574|National Eye Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.576734|7.419845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125948065|General Hospital, Kawo Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.583029|7.447139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125948099|Barau Dikko Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.525604|7.442169|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125948133|44 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.534076|7.422775|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Street photography of 44 Reference Nigerian hospital, Kaduna.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q125948260|Maneks Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.467905|7.41365|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959050|Giwa Hospital And Specilalist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.54299|7.433224|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130475188|Primary Health Care Dogon Dawa, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.033685|7.082|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130502931|Primary Healthcare, Tudun Nupawa, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.512722|7.417038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130505655|Biba Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.520125|7.404055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130535992|mends specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.534608|7.471265|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130538648|AITAM Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.512061|7.407926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130600884|Almadina Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.121379|7.715413|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629808|City Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.729313|8.533448|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629834|Amrullah Hospital and maternity services Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.51541|7.139926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130632718|St. Gerald Catholic Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.466386|7.420514|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130799142|Sako Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.8362|8.3238|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130977138|Baptist school of health technology, Kafanchan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.578659|8.289588|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130978121|Salem Medical Center, Kafanchan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.595553|8.290472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131175929|NOREB Special Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.501843|7.427042|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131339043|JINTA Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.526508|7.432002|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131339085|NASARA Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.516868|7.441725|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131339143|Manaal Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.587998|7.462576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131339200|Al-Madinat Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.582138|7.455035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131339221|Lafiya Diagnostic and Scanning Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.49433|7.429446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131339360|Goshen Diagnostic Services Medical Diagnostic Center, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.493378|7.420586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131339408|NNPC Clinic, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.445573|7.479504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343554|Al-kausar Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.487476|7.39639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343600|All Nigeria Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.513302|7.438518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343691|Bengola Hospital Nig Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.502958|7.427136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131356146|General hospital, Doka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.033429|7.721672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360263|Multiclinic Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.510507|7.416485|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131406320|HAOSE Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.54823|7.447355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131412991|Amina Hospital kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.45881|7.428007|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136130182|Mabuhu health center, Zangon Kataf local government]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.79538|8.37383|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Mabuhu health care centre Zangon Kataf local government 04.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136402339|Health Clinic, Arzuka Chori, Jaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.564884|8.022452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136418631|Federal Neuro -Psychiatric Hospital Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.472734|7.428321|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136418766|Asad Medics Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.538641|7.489733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136430845|Zango Kataf General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.82845|8.39909|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136430865|Anchuna Health Clinic Ikulu, Zangon Kataf]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.99939|8.11373|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136442750|Kabam Health Centre, Kamantan, Zangon Kataf]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.73308|8.14947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136442824|Kagal Health Clinic Kamantan, Zangon Kataf]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.84664|8.10669|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136442885|Warkan Health Clinic, Gora, Zangon Kataf]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.89091|8.3571|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136569189|Mahuta Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.293705|7.791021|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136570517|Kakaki Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.505612|7.422286|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136572093|MT HOREB SPECIALIST HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.503891|7.440704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136573018|Nigerian Railway Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.502152|3.372886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136573055|Ajbarth Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.451362|7.466757|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136573311|GARDEN CITY SPECISLIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.53859|7.45157|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136673817|Yusuf Danstoho Memorial Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.520568|7.416818|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Yusuf Danstoho Memorial Hospital Premises 1.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136688373|Muwadda hospital (kaduna)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.58255|7.457845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136758115|General hospital Kachia, Kaduna State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.860531|7.962293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136758164|New era hospital kafanchan, kaduna state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.459069|8.383771|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136758256|Akilibu health center kachia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.892166|7.9409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136759799|Ilé ìwòsan kauna]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní kauna ni gumel ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.84122|7.976217|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136759846|Ankuwa primary health center Kachia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.839059|7.889801|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136759888|Ilé ìwòsan akọkọ kachia]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan akọkọ ni kachia ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.87205|7.953612|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136761954|Dangyolmi Health Clinic Sabon Sarki, Kachia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.8609|7.962817|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136762047|Ilé ìwòsan Gidan Jibir kachia]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní Gidan Jibir ni ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.628365|8.094933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136762137|Health Clinic Jaban Kogo Sabon Sarki, Kachia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.666976|8.099967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763054|Ilé ìwòsan akọkọ dabobo Sarki, kachia]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní ààbò sarki ni ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.363054|8.233628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763181|Ilé ìwòsan unguwan kachia]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.894176|7.948726|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763238|Ilé ìwòsan Badoko kateri, kachia]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.872582|7.953755|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763851|Antong Health Clinic Kurmin Musa, Kachia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.583318|8.003634|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136766372|Ilé ìwòsan kunrin Musa kachia]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.600202|8.03324|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136766875|Bakin Kogi Health Centre Kaninkon, Jema’a]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.486651|8.273529|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136766969|Ilé ìwòsan akọkọ Ni, kachia]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.784081|7.781795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136767389|Crossing Health Clinic Agunu Dutse, Kachia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.365155|7.714208|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136767443|Ilé ìwòsan Goska, kaninkon]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.465081|8.382351|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136767520|Ilé ìwòsan ti Àjọ Raliway ni kafanchan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.459947|7.487211|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136767718|Ilé ìwòsan ti Ìrántí sir patrick Ibrahim Yakowa, kafanchan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.591302|8.296209|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136767756|General hospital kafanchan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.590398|8.296653|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136768029|Ilé ìwòsan igberiko fadan kagoma,Jema'a]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.516852|8.183364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136771789|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Jagindi | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.349892|8.233745|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136771803|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ọgbà ẹwọn kafanchan | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.58701|8.291225|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136771911|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan odò kagum, ni Jagindi ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.445265|8.254545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136773003|Ile iwosan agun dutse kachia]]'' | Ile iwosan ni ipinlẹ Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.989874|7.875505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136773262|Gosk health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.506122|8.455077|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136773365|Goto-sarki primary health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.59574|7.308976|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136773517|Ilé ìwòsan Nisama]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.463865|8.467943|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136773597|Ilé ìwòsan kagoma, Jema]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.472876|8.387376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136782941|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan zankan Godo Godo | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.67907|8.522392|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136783020|Gidan Waya Primary Health Centre Gidan Waya, Jema’a]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.466526|8.384261|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136783046|Ilé ìwòsan kanufi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan kanufi ni Gidan Waya, jema | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.466573|8.38432|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136783081|Ilé ìwòsan ní ido]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Mai Ido kufai Aniwa, kachia | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.916787|7.783297|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136783143|Ilé ìwòsan Ninte]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Ninte, Godo Godo, Jema&#39;a | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.454576|8.002019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136783239|Ilé ìwòsan samban Gida]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Samban Gida, jaba ní ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.453955|8.043313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136783367|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Zuma]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Zuma Samban, jaba ní ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.475313|8.055706|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136783478|Ilé ìwòsan Asso,]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Asso, Jema&#39;a ni ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.434889|8.16686|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136783660|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Arak Godo Godo Jema | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.366776|8.86597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136784015|Salem hospital ungwan rimi kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.531726|7.460411|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136795314|Ilé ìwòsan Kunrin ṣọmọ Daddu]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Kurmin Zomo Daddu, jaba ní ipinle kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.58482|8.143472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136795600|Ile iwosan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Karshe Daddy kaba ní ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.590111|8.145408|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136795792|Ile iwosan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Ramindop Nduya, kaba ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.346346|8.028437|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136795918|Health Clinic Indofa Nduya, jaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.366135|7.969324|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136805979|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Ankung Nduya, jaba ní ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.400897|7.972731|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136806100|Tunga Nok Health Clinic Nok, jaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.500278|8.016735|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136806176|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Tunga Zee Nok Ni ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.499797|8.017381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136806339|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Galadima Fai jaba ní ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.214775|8.613337|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136808444|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Sabon Gari, jaba ní ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.433888|8.009066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136808514|Ankung ‘C’ Health Clinic Nduya, jaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.413012|8.010593|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136808781|Health Clinic Taime Nduya, jaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.438885|7.987197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136812431|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Gauji Fai, jaba ní ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.269161|8.502837|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136812499|Health Clinic Gidan Sani Daddu, jaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.10604|8.10604|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136813555|Yauran Health Clinic Rumi, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.01678|8.01678|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136813654|Fadamar Kale Health Clinic Saulawa, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.17842|8.17842|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136813686|Kwari Health Clinic Saulawa, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.1287|8.1287|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136813815|Pampaida Health Clinic Saulawa, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.16454|8.16454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136813864|Saulawa Primary Health Centre Saulawa, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.335764|8.102402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136815103|Bareda Health Clinic Saya-Saya, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.39211|8.39211|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136815150|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.36201|8.36201|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136816243|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan kargo saya, ikara ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.30582|8.30582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136816645|Tashan Dogo Health Clinic Pala, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.30595|8.30595|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136817604|Ilé ìwòsan kunkumi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan kunkumi, ni Rumi ikara ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.024|8.024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136821942|Ilé ìwòsan ìgbàlódé]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ìgbàlódé Yakawada Giwa ipinlẹ Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.39385|7.39385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136822112|Ilé. Ìwòsan Gaga]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Gágá, yakawada ni ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.37522|7.37522|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136823308|Wazata Primary Health Centre Wazata, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.4922|7.4922|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136823876|Rafin Yashi Health Clinic Wazata, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.59167|7.59167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136824044|Murai Health Clinic Wazata, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.14294|7.14294|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136824137|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan kundu, ní ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.33416|7.33416|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136824354|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Bakula, ni ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.23277|8.23277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136824480|Zage zagi Health Clinic Ikara, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.22413|8.22413|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136825118|Kankanki Health Clinic Ikara, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.20947|8.20947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136825313|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan auchanawa, ikara ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.23326|8.23326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136827904|Anguwan Amadu Dogo Health Clinic Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.20106|8.20106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136827948|Ilé ìwòsan Yargora]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Yargora, ikara ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.10628|8.10628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136827996|Gidan Dahiru Ja Health Clinic Rumi, Ikara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.93793|7.93793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136834187|Gidan Sarki Yahaya Health Clinic Yakawada, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.34672|7.34672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136834272|Gadagau Health Clinic Yakawada, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.33137|7.33137|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136834387|Tasha Shari Health Clinic Yakawada, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.32737|7.32737|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136834622|Danza Fulani Health Clinic Wazata, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.45334|7.45334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136834789|Ilé ìwòsan Kadage]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Kadage, Giwa Ni ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.45226|7.45226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136837300|Karaukarau Health Clinic Wazata, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.47401|7.47401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136837949|Ilé ìwòsan Sabo Gida]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Sabo Gida, kidandan ni ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.24401|7.24401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136840424|Ilé ìwòsan Bijimi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.56803|7.56803|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136840535|Ilé. Ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Biye, ní ìpínlè Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.58665|7.58665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136842149|Panhauya Primary Health Centre Panhauya, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.62284|7.62284|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136842207|Rafin Gora Health Clinic Panhauya, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.5473|7.5473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136842312|Ilé ìwòsan Ilé-ìwòsàn yunifásítì. Ahamadu Bello]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Ilé-ìwòsàn yunifásítì, Ahmadu Bello Shika Giwa ipinlẹ Kaduna | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.60604|7.60604|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136842580|Human Clinic Napri Shika Shika, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.5613|7.5613|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136842636|Kurku Health Clinic Shika, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.55447|7.55447|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136881021|Mahuta health clinic Shika]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.58765|7.58765|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136881084|Marababan gíga health clinic shika]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Giwa]] | {{Coord|7.53948|7.53948|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136881172|Tawatsu Health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.46227|7.46227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136881244|Sabon Birni Health Clinic (Giwa) Kakangi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.45712|7.45712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136883868|Tsibiri health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.53913|7.53913|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136885474|Iyatawa health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.39498|7.39498|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136890982|Kidandan primary health care]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.19248|7.19248|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136891006|Ilé ìwòsan Bataro]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.24374|7.24374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136891113|Tsohurwawlr model health center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.45001|7.45001|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136891284|Wardanga health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.4357|7.4357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136891463|Dako health clinic idasu]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.29859|7.29859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136891604|Ilé ìwòsan Fatika]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.23995|7.23995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136892474|Kaya primary health centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.23951|7.23951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136892522|Ruheya health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.26439|7.26439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136892547|Ilé ìwòsan yalwan]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.23812|7.23812|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136892594|Ilé ìwòsan Dokan Dan magaji]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.40922|7.40922|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136892698|Ilé ìwòsan gbogbogbo Giwa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.47772|7.47772|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136892787|Kakangi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.02862|7.02862|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136892867|Kuramaka Health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.47131|7.47131|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136895770|Janba health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.42336|7.42336|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136900852|Mujedawa health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.41833|7.41833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136906032|School clinic Giwa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.46678|7.46678|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136906163|Tasha Giga health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.54999|7.54999|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136906314|Galadima primary health care]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.32255|7.32255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907386|Ladiya Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.174554|7.76023|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907474|Jama'a Hospital, Kaduna state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.232809|7.66366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907628|Shallom Hospital ,Kaduna state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.428607|7.394594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907661|Sharon Hospital, Kaduna state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.419328|7.402849|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907688|A.P Smart Hospital Ltd Annex]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.420025|7.404461|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907735|Potron Medical]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.42003|7.404473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907776|Adonai Rapha Medical Centre Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.414055|7.407645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907794|Primary Health Center(PHC) Gonin-Gora]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.431133|7.398089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136907907|Davic Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.420229|7.405065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136908004|EPMA CLINIC AND MATERNITY HOME]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.43527|7.421653|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136911613|Mercy Angels Hospital, Kaduna state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.435282|7.410417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136912188|Ilé ìwòsan Makera]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.30887|7.30887|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136912365|Ilé ìwòsan Tumburku]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.28705|7.28705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913004|Ilé ìwòsan Dr Shehu Lawal]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.46877|7.46877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913076|Ganuwa Health Clinic Danmahawayi, Giwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.33124|7.33124|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913144|Ilé ìwòsan kuringa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.58105|7.58105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913191|Ilé ìwòsan Maje]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.55009|7.55009|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913249|Bomawa health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.49781|7.49781|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913279|Ilé ìwòsan Dundubus]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.47749|7.47749|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913323|Gangara primary health center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.38465|7.38465|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913371|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Boro]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.46394|7.46394|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913938|Tabanni Primary Health Centre Tabanni, Birnin Gwari]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.00055|7.00055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136913993|Ilé ìwòsan Dakunu]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.03869|7.03869|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136914045|Kartarma health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.112702|7.072334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136914182|Ilé ìwòsan Bakin kasuwa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.30262|7.30262|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136914203|Dutse Health Clinic Gwagwada, Chikun]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.35783|7.35783|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136914452|Ilé ìwòsan Gwagwada]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.22767|7.22767|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136929572|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Ayaba]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.45459|7.45459|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136929814|Ilé ìwòsan Buwaya]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.40682|7.40682|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136929938|Ilé ìwòsan Gonin gora]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.3972|7.3972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136930654|Ilé ìwòsan Kakau Daji]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.45632|7.45632|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136937049|Ilé ìwòsan Ukuga]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.11494|6.11494|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136937225|Ilé ìwòsan layin Hassan]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.817001|6.999367|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136937265|Ilé ìwòsan Atijọ Tabanni]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.01146|7.01146|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136937332|Ilé ìwòsan Bugai]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.27724|6.27724|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136938874|Ilé ìwòsan jibrin Maigwari]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.53518|6.53518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136942141|Ilé ìwòsan Gwaski Magajin Gari 3]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.73386|6.73386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136942998|Maganda Health Clinic Magajin Gari 3, Birnin Gwari]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.75658|6.75658|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136943236|Ilé ìwòsan saulawa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.90036|6.90036|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136948323|Ilé ìwòsan Dawakin Bassa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.48777|6.48777|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136949560|Ilé ìwòsan kungi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.53666|6.53666|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136950166|Ilé ìwòsan Randagi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.14907|6.14907|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136956144|Kuyello primary health care]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.94617|6.94617|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136956333|Kamfanin Doka primary health care]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.56106|6.56106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136956460|Dab Dutse Health care]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71886|7.71886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136956510|Tudun Wada Zaria Primary Health Centre Tudun Wada]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71844|7.71844|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136956592|Ilé ìwòsan Gudun jukun]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.70363|7.70363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136956803|Ilé ìwòsan Tuktr Tukur]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.69698|7.69698|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136956960|Aba Health Clinic Wuciciri, Zaria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.7249|7.7249|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136957140|Ilé ìwòsan Rubuci]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.77964|7.77964|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136979316|Wuciciri primary health centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.77913|7.77913|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136979357|Ilé ìwòsan damari Birkin Gwari]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|6.99671|6.99671|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136983463|Ilé ìwòsan Gwanda]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.04464|7.04464|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136984055|Invade Health clinic Damari]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.12325|7.12325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136985161|Takama Health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.05742|7.05742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136994177|Dogon Dáwà primary health centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.08122|7.08122|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136994714|Funtuan Badadi health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.13371|7.13371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136994892|Unguwan Danko Health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.09506|7.09506|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136994998|Health clinic Kauran]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.68428|7.68428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136995802|Kake Health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.68912|7.68912|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136995850|Institute of Child Health Clinic Kwarbai A, Zaria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71778|7.71778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136995948|Health Clinic Magajiya Kwarbai A, Zaria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71388|7.71388|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137009791|Ilé ìwòsan Iyal Kwarbai]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71523|7.71523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137010256|Ilé ìwòsan Jushi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71154|7.71154|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137010447|Ilé ìwòsan Kofar Galadima]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71388|7.71388|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137010718|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Akali]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.70377|7.70377|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137011791|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ liman]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.72532|7.72532|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137012029|Ilé ìwòsan kakaki]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.70149|7.70149|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137013575|Ilé ìwòsan iya Abdullah]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.70565|7.70565|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137031978|Ilé ìwòsan baban dodo]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.70125|7.70125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137033953|Ilé ìwòsan jakara]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.69747|7.69747|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137036668|Ilé ìwòsan Salmanduna]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.700267|7.700267|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137039627|Ilé ìwòsan Tankaru]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.626241|7.626241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040501|Ilé ìwòsan kako]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.7426|7.7426|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040564|Ilé ìwòsan ọja dutse Zaria]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.64089|7.64089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040652|Ilé ìwòsan kwaba]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71508|7.71508|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040744|Ilé ìwòsan Majeru]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.03408|7.03408|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044308|Ilé ìwòsan pamadina]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.6536|7.6536|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044459|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Malamai]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.72531|7.72531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044571|Ilé ìwòsan Gambo sawaba]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.6996|7.6996|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044709|Ilé ìwòsan Gyallesu]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.72574|7.72574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044944|Ilé ìwòsan kaku]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.728993|7.728993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137046283|Ilé ìwòsan Nagoyi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.7363|7.7363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137047507|Ilé ìwòsan saye]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.64164|7.64164|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137047557|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Bishar]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.71189|7.71189|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137053422|Ilé ìwòsan katsit daji]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.186299|8.186299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137053463|Ilé ìwòsan Aduwan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.32312|8.32312|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137053830|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Rimi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.22036|8.22036|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137057847|Ilé ìwòsan Afana]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.2383|9.2383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137103827|Ilé ìwòsan mabushi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.39444|8.39444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104195|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ jaba]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.42446|8.42446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104433|Ilé ìwòsan ziti]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.25625|8.25625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104463|Ilé ìwòsan Tsoriyang]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.33134|8.33134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104484|Ilé ìwòsan kurmin masari]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.46118|8.46118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104539|Ilé ìwòsan Rikawan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.17046|8.17046|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104579|Ilé ìwòsan Marsa]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.1652|8.16528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104637|Ilé ìwòsan fadia]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.240991|8.240991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104677|Ilé ìwòsan FadiaGida]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.24073|8.24073|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104708|Ilé ìwòsan fadia kaje]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.31788|8.31788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104754|Ilé ìwòsan zama]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.15227|9.15227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104779|Ilé ìwòsan Kigudu]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.421754|8.421754|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104813|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Ruhogu]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.45636|8.45636|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104860|Ilé ìwòsan kakiye]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.75455|7.75455|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137104890|Ilé ìwòsan dambo]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.772525|7.772525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137105385|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ fatika]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.69119|7.69119|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137123612|Ilé ìwòsan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.69458|7.69458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137123985|Ilé ìwòsan Kofar kuyambana]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.68912|7.68912|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137124143|Ilé ìwòsan Durumi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.69799|7.69799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137125095|Ilé ìwòsan Alfadarai]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.69444|7.69444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137125233|Ilé ìwòsan sako]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.40614|8.40614|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137125281|Ilé ìwòsan mazaki]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.43233|8.43233|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137126324|Ilé ìwòsan Magamia]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.20113|9.20113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137126606|Health Clinic Gabari Kufena, Zaria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.69205|7.69205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137126651|Health Clinic Kafin Mardanni Dutsen Abba, Zaria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.585|7.585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137126703|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Dankali]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.68283|7.68283|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137126758|Ilé ìwòsan Dorayi Dutsen]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.68597|7.68597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137126812|Fansil health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.074707|8.074707|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137145317|Ilé ìwòsan Gidan Ali]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.03949|8.03949|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137145707|Ilé ìwòsan Gidan Bako]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.158542|8.158542|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137156787|Health Clinic Kamuru Dutse Ikulu, Zangon Kataf]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.215971|8.215971|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137158272|Ilé ìwòsan Lisuru]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.65466|7.65466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137159049|Ilé ìwòsan Fafun juma]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.203503|8.203503|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137159120|Ilé ìwòsan Balle]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.91282|8.91282|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137159616|Ilé ìwòsan kamantan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.171151|8.171151|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137160385|Ilé ìwòsan Fadia Tundun wada]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.55341|8.55341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137162317|Yelwa makaranta health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.8909|7.8909|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137162389|Kurungufi 1 Health Clinic Turawa, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.045363|8.045363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137162716|Ilé ìwòsan Madarzai]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.02946|8.02946|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137162916|Ilé ìwòsan Makoron Lemu]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.10118|8.10118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137162952|Ilé ìwòsan Turawa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.06717|8.06717|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137164232|Far an primary health care]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.17462|8.17462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137164382|Kamrum health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.23287|8.23287|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137164511|Sakwak Health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.23936|8.23936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137164524|Zuturung Kangurara health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.2485|9.2485|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137164725|Ilé ìwòsan Zuturung]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.18461|9.18461|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137164839|Gora Bafai Primary Health Centre Gora, Zangon Kataf]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.29138|8.29138|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137164866|Ilé ìwòsan Agọ Dogo]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.09847|8.09847|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137167476|Yelwa bene health clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.9955|7.9955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137169347|Yakasai Primary Health Centre Maigana, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.83511|7.83511|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137169451|Marmara Health Clinic Rahama, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.10258|8.10258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137169487|Rahama Primary Health Centre Rahama, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.17899|8.17899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137170296|Sabon Kudi Health Clinic Rahama, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.06722|8.06722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137170350|Unguwawan Madaki Health Clinic Rahama, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8|8.17899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137170443|Tudun Saibu Health Clinic Maigana, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.91753|7.91753|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137177634|Farin Kasa Health Clinic Richifa, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.80813|7.80813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137177758|Magadda Health Clinic Richifa, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.84844|7.84844|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137177808|Suddu Health Clinic Kwasalo, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.88615|7.88615|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137177843|Taba Health Clinic (Soba) Kwasalo, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.83355|7.83355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137178150|Firji Gabas Primary Health clinic Zungumba, Yankwashi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.40114|8.40114|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137178249|Gora Health Clinic Maigana, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.8341|7.8341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137178349|UNGUWAR MALAM HEALTH POST Zungumba, Yankwashi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|8.43288|8.43288|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137185838|Kwadaro Health Clinic Maigana, Soba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|7.9402|7.9402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721212|AIR FORCE MEDICAL CENTRE MANDO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.376411|7.709455|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721235|ABDUL-AZEEZ MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.507977|7.399533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721245|ALBA CLINICAND MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.502756|7.429852|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721252|SEFA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.53719|7.422605|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721272|SALEM HOSPITAL CLINICS & MAT.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.595557|8.290509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721282|JINYA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.526504|7.431963|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721302|SALAMATU HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.51148|7.404304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137723309|MANEKS HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.467|7.413663|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137723314|AMINA HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.45526|7.425921|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137723323|GILTOEARIS SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.4828|7.428626|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137723333|C JAY MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.480684|7.421296|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137723338|GWAMNAAWAN HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.532786|7.441038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137731191|44 Armed Forces Reference Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.534401|7.422815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137731197|FEDERAL NEUROPSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.465007|7.428072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137732160|SALAMA INFIRMARY HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.130552|7.702224|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137732184|ST. LUKE'S ANGLICAN HOSPITAL , ZARIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.076181|7.679799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137732194|HAJIA GAMBO SAWABA GENERAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.963653|8.39275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137732211|GENERAL HOSPITAL, Giwa, Kaduna State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.249691|7.477607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137733603|PRIME SPECIALIST HOSPITAL. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.976631|8.56761|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137733609|ANNA-KITCH MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.451654|7.459118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137733617|NEW ERA HOSPITAL & MATERNITY. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.460024|8.389633|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137733637|OXFORD HOSPITAL. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.52|7.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739514|RESTORATION HOSPITAL INC. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.5091|7.427908|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739524|HITAF SPECIALIST]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.521404|7.461787|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739528|GENERAL HOSPITAL MAKARFI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.362257|7.909884|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739532|A B U TEACHING HOSPITAL, SHIKA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.199229|7.603188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739533|AL MANSUR SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.545364|7.434184|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739545|JIBRIN MAI-GWARI HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.659054|6.53523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739556|ABU TEACHING HOSPITAL SHIKA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.199236|7.603135|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739558|DR. GWAMNAAWAN GEN. HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.465701|7.402803|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739562|JEMA`A HOSPITAL Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.472876|8.387376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739563|JICON HOSPITAL & SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.486014|7.429924|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739564|MARABA CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.216985|7.539442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739577|SAIDU DANGE RAILWAY ZARIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.117164|7.724197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739584|WILBASUN HOSPITALAND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.462078|7.457072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739586|ZARIA CLINIC & MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.085332|7.713823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739590|SALVATION HOSPITALAND MATERNITY 2B Algbria Crescent, Barnawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.465356|7.442414|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739613|FOMWAN HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.557488|7.452362|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739619|MUSAKA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.530912|7.458384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137739621|ST LOUIS HOSPITAL . Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.777896|8.278068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137758871|DEFENCE INDUSTRY CORPORATION CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.466922|7.454237|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137758881|AERO MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.51|7.43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137758895|BRIGHTWAY MEDICAL CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.475332|7.372644|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137758911|JODEB HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.514118|7.428886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137758937|PAL HOSPITAL. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.098871|7.718326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137758957|NAT. INST. FOR CHEMICATECH MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.0855|7.7199|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137758968|DIALOGUE SEPCIALIST CLINICS LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.575798|7.464435|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137758989|DAN GIWA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.510487|7.416469|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137759011|AL-MUNIFF HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.556512|7.440593|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137759016|MEDICAL CENTER KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.526062|7.441016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137759029|EL BARAU MEDICAL & DIAGNOSTIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.514813|7.425882|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137759035|MSK SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.517133|7.3809|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770866|KAKAKI HOSPITAL. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.504479|7.425329|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770880|KAWO ISLAMIC HOSPITAL. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.577521|7.449112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770892|RAPHA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.484844|7.426147|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770912|HIKMAH SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.125803|7.688095|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770921|SALEM MEDICAL CENTRE. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|9.595553|8.290457|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770934|NEW CITY HOSPITAL & DIAGNOSTICS. Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.04453|7.692318|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770939|ASHMED SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, ZARIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.112707|7.711283|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770947|ANNUR MEDICAL CENTRE & SPECIAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.575746|7.467046|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770953|Gugoh Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|10.52|7.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771001|IVORY CLINICAND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.982943|8.49519|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138714178|Farinkasa Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | {{Coord|11.136416|7.816428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133453825|Jowako hospital, Jos road Army Reference]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Kàdúná]] | ''[[:d:Q6349725|Kakuri]]'' | {{Coord|10.57131|7.762939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112074922|General Hospital Gwarzo, Kano State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwarzo]] | {{Coord|11.926175|7.937291|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112080055|Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.998632|8.547933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967885|National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dala]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.020038|8.502006|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119041783|Kabuga primary health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.983905|8.474384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123461065|Muhammadu Buhari Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.991617|8.567879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123461098|Standard Specialist Hospital Ltd]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.979368|8.558713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123461123|Khadijat Memorial Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.020729|8.519886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123461171|UMC Zhahir Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.979064|8.466081|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123463787|Sir Muhammad Sanusi Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.997331|8.580087|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123463826|Kano Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.02451|8.457741|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123463836|Mds hospital kano]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.992896|8.58654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123463863|Amina Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.010887|8.543017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123463881|Unicare HospitalLtd, Kano]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.067435|8.461795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123470798|PSC Specialist Hospital Limited (Prime Specialist Clinic)]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.98153|8.562625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123470861|Muhammad A Wase Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.998168|8.548143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123472490|Yadakunya leprosy hospital, kano]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.085113|8.632127|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123472515|Minjibir General Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.175976|8.657293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123472524|Sumar Specialist Clinic]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.959124|8.604701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125725222|Mohammed Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.997944|8.54775|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125725945|Nuhu Bamalli Maternity Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.99128|8.529426|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125725966|Nigerian Law School Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|9.281704|7.358692|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125726013|Hasiya Bayero Pediatric Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.988597|8.518261|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125726064|Makkah Specialist Eye hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.979687|8.496962|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125727775|Shanono Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Shanono]] | {{Coord|12.050618|7.985785|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125728029|Rogo General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Rogo]] | {{Coord|11.552115|7.830964|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125749165|Gwagwarwa Comprehensive Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.9828|8.557467|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125749310|Abubakar Imam Urology Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Fagge]] | {{Coord|12.014869|8.525665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125749532|General Hospital Dawakin Tofa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Dawakin Tofa]] | {{Coord|12.130588|8.365629|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125757377|Sa'ida Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Tsanyawa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q94746683|Gozarki]]'' | {{Coord|12.194168|8.063954|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125820658|Abbas Health Clinic Bagwai]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Bagwai]] | {{Coord|12.153189|8.137118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125821160|Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Dawakin Tofa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q94745857|Dawanau]]'' | {{Coord|12.083816|8.442573|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125893094|Gasgainu Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.241183|8.633088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125898581|Cardia Heart & Hypertension Clinic, Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.951556|8.477075|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125899173|Fanisau Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.080088|8.541666|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125911532|Danlasan Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.870947|8.766295|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125913168|Lambu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.008121|8.353851|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125913418|Langel Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.990473|8.394821|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125939509|General Hospital, Zakirai]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.1048|8.884989|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125954873|Rano General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.562717|8.585484|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125965448|Getwell Women & Children Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.981207|8.465701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125965954|Bintu Nursing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.9597|8.555393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125967028|Kura General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.777999|8.424345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126018793|Yakasai Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.201959|8.291902|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126040174|Unique Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.990954|8.481074|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126040395|Khadija Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.971782|8.44593|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126040484|Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Fagge]] | {{Coord|12.014965|8.528746|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126040526|International Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.010353|8.542249|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126040616|Nasarawa Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.997727|8.548432|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126041157|Expert Alliance Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.9663|8.565534|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126200593|General Hospital Dambatta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Dambatta]] | {{Coord|12.433325|8.516672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126200633|Abubakar Imam Urology Centre, Fagge]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Fagge]] | {{Coord|12.014734|8.525739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126200775|Muhammad Buhari Specialist Hospital Nassarawa, Kano State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.991218|8.568057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126200822|Warshu Hospital Ungogo Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ungogo]] | {{Coord|12.020686|8.58216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126200872|National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala Kano State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Dala]] | {{Coord|12.020002|8.50201|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126202524|Getwell Hospital Kano]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.981215|8.465727|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210843|Softcare Hospital Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q94746781|Sharada]]'' | {{Coord|11.950477|8.488969|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210890|Unique Care Al-Haramain Hospital Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.928686|8.625615|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210915|Prime Alliance Multicare Specialist Hospital Kano]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.976642|8.567612|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210958|Cavendish Hospital Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.985511|8.560486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210986|Universal Specialist Hospital Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.969776|8.531525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127374538|Triumph Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.962858|8.54139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127374815|Sahara Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.972843|8.569831|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127375039|Topcare Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.009531|8.576499|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127375244|Sule Uran Nursing Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.984073|8.523361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127375307|Zaks Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.955193|8.550268|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127375311|Barewa Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.984532|8.535051|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127375319|Unicare Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.067135|8.461879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378418|City Medical Clinic & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.993972|8.494967|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378420|Amity Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.966071|8.542428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378427|Nol International Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.985825|8.562013|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378438|Turnik Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|5.505358|7.067055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378441|Kanya Clinic and Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.897234|8.460033|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378451|Klinchex Laboratory and Diagnostic Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.979244|8.484354|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378508|Greenland Clinic and Maternity Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.026683|8.532665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378514|Mai Akoko Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.928085|8.551433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127378526|North West Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Dawakin Kudu]] | {{Coord|11.839511|8.602311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127379265|Ilé ìwòsan Bichi Excellence]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.224614|8.250045|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127379445|Ultimate Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.007531|8.570143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127379506|Ameer clinic and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.963288|8.526809|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127379565|New Age Diabetic Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.979506|8.465764|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127379670|Sule Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.984061|8.52338|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388041|Sassauka Clinic and Diagnostic Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.047127|8.577126|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388045|Marhaba Clinical and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.050043|8.471923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388049|Yakubu Dan Nono Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.059804|8.280079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388054|Bamaiyi Sai Allah Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.028309|8.554279|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388058|Baba Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.98393|8.494122|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388062|Top Care Hospital and Maternity [Danbatta]]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|5.50537|7.06707|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388066|Tajuddeen Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.91354|8.464975|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388068|Amisal Dental Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.004968|8.563486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388071|Baraka Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|5.505315|7.067016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388072|Destiny Surgery]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.941797|8.562265|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388074|Ideal Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.017763|8.538461|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388075|Joca Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.027769|8.522987|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127388076|Mos Metro Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.019702|8.543474|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127420750|Hamdala Clinic and Maternity Rogo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.677385|10.184117|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127420771|Zoputa Clinic and Maternity Kano]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.031556|8.535941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130632469|Khadija Memorial Hospital Ltd, Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.971756|8.445923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133269715|Imam Wali General Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.97538|8.467496|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.01|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133269838|Waziri Shehu Gidado Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.0584|8.470803|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133272127|Nigerian Lebanese Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.012642|8.555116|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133273109|Zaihar Kano Neurospine Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.961498|8.425729|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133274325|Ahmadiyya Muslim Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.00677|8.548253|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539370|EHA Clinics Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.98422|8.563303|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133730331|Castle Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133805484|AH SPECIALIST HOSPITAL KANO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.000961|8.542326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133809159|International Clinics & Hospital Limitd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.002465|8.592109|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133809216|Dantamashe Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|8.57993|8.57993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134282216|Ajingi Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ajingi]] | {{Coord|11.969829|9.041786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476255|Ahmad dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.002321|8.591911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136688396|Apex Consultant Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.965706|8.541531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136688444|Bamaiyi Sai Allah Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.028311|8.554297|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136688536|Getwell Women And Children Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.981361|8.46575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136688552|Greenfield Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.966361|8.530222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136688572|Kano Evangelical Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.002194|8.591972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136704383|Kunya hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.050389|8.477917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136704408|Mariya Sanusi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.002194|8.591972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136704422|Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.997944|8.54775|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136704462|Salomotu clinic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.0135|8.506278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137079701|Tofa comprehensive health hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.062709|8.272018|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tofa comprehensive health care hospital Entrance.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q137080294|Bunkure primary health care hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.675176|8.544819|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Bunkure primary health care hospital Entrance.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q137081115|Sustainable development mother and child hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.999537|8.546776|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Sustainable development mother and child hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770974|UNICARE CLINICAND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.067145|8.461806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770985|TOPCARE SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.009575|8.576552|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771011|SAYMAYS SPECIALIST HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.979863|8.529457|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771018|WARSHI HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771021|ZAKS CLINIC & MATERNITY LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.955185|8.550324|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771030|NIGERIA CUSTOMS SERVICE MED. CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.023039|8.520117|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771041|ARMED FORCES SPEC. HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.033238|8.517258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771046|349 Nigerian Airforce Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|4.851221|7.059522|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771149|CORDIAL HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.026392|8.535072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771162|MODULA CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.018869|8.539012|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771205|NOL INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL & DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.985835|8.562142|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771209|GETWELL WOMENAND CHILDREN HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.981204|8.465684|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771217|DAWAKIN KUDU GENERAL HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.839508|8.602315|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771219|TUNIK HOSPITAL. Kano State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.029114|8.534824|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771223|WAZIRI SHEHU GIDADO GENERAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.025496|8.486955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771236|NORTHWEST UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.965311|8.548747|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771242|BEST CHOICE CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.950181|8.510938|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776949|TIGA GENERAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.667932|8.261183|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776959|RIMIN GADO COMPREHENSIVE HEALTHCARE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.971839|8.247694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776986|NEWAGE SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777008|YAKUBU DAN-NONO MERMORIAL HOSIPTAL]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.99|8.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777018|MUHAMMED BUHARI SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.02|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777107|MGK HEALTHCARE]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777147|NOR CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.937818|8.47256|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777162|ASYMCO HEALTH CLINIC, KANO]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.976267|8.530289|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777169|KANO HOSPITAL PHARMACY & DIAGNOSTIC]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|12.01|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139670227|General Hospital Dawakin Kudu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ipinle Kano|Kano State]] | {{Coord|11.839511|8.602313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122955571|General Hospital Kashere]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815549|Kashere]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akko]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.913846|11.011101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125907228|Dan Marke Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.669453|7.769788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125907599|Shibdawa Dispensary]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.951867|7.503974|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126165315|Nakowa Hospital And Ultrasound Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|11.518461|7.312943|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126165339|General Hospital Malumfashi, Katsina State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|11.804789|7.621325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126165357|Katsina Orthopaedic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.904549|7.593135|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126165556|Amfani Clinic And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.973556|7.641429|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133505411|Funtua General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|11.536949|7.301886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133505441|Khadija Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|11.530683|7.319503|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133519948|Sarkin Maska Shehu Hospital Funtua]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|11.518462|7.312936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137712851|GENERAL HOSPITAL, KATSINA-ALA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|13.000364|7.602098|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777557|GENERAL HOSPITAL, DAURA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|13.007691|7.680443|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777580|KHADIJAT MEDICAL CENTER]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.99|7.6|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777602|BISTIT HOSPITAL]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|13|7.61|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777620|NAKOWA HOSPITAL & ULTRA SOUND]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.98|7.59|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777640|GENERAL HOSPITAL KANKARA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|11.91734|7.42223|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777650|GENERAL HOSPITAL, KANKIYA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.549451|7.842226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777772|GENERAL HOSPITAL MUSAWA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina State]] | {{Coord|12.137205|7.668638|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131905718|Albarka Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kaura Namoda]] | {{Coord|9.35072|3.580931|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131905744|Dan Bilu Clinic And Diagnostic Service]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kaura Namoda]] | {{Coord|12.16|6.66|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123010383|General Hospital Kanti, Kazaure]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6380928|Kazaure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q94750398|Jigawa]]'' | {{Coord|12.652073|8.412545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101938172|Keana General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6382153|Keana]]'' | {{Coord|8.152472|8.801278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109713073|Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.433839|4.188951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123023102|General Hospital Bena, Danko/Wasagu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|11.392485|5.820072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126192494|Ile iwosan Gbogboogbo ti Kaoje]]'' | Ile iwosan Gbogboogbo ni ipinle kebbi Ni orileede Naijiria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|11.218749|4.130718|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126192676|Godiya hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|11.448124|5.228484|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126192708|Illo General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|11.567191|3.69547|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126192778|General Hospital Bunza]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.110993|4.47619|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126192791|Primary Health Care Birnin Yari]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.216792|4.387611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126194933|Dr. Manir Residence]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.239394|4.380757|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126208771|Ile iwosan Gbogboogbo Argungu]]'' | Ile iwosan Gbogboogbo ni ipinle kebbi Ni orileede Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.740208|4.523024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126208797|Ash Shifa Hospital Argungu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.740208|4.523024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136807205|General hospital Aliero]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136807338|General Hospital Jega]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136807367|General hospital kamba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136833575|General Hospital Koko]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136833603|General Hospital Maiyama]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136833624|General Hospital Sench]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136833663|General Hospital Warra]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136833774|General hospital zauro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136834041|General Hospital Yauri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.431806|4.195611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137718564|NAKOWA CLINIC LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|9.076878|7.361328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721184|MARTHA BAMAIYI GENERAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|11.41923|5.238198|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137721203|ASHMED SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, BIRNIN KEBBI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kebbi|Kebbi State]] | {{Coord|12.442196|4.173755|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101927024|Federal Medical Centre Keffi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Keffi]] | {{Coord|8.847667|7.884278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101937230|Keffi General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Keffi]] | {{Coord|8.844167|7.862111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101937756|Nassarawa University Health Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Keffi]] | {{Coord|8.844667|7.871639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967735|Federal Medical Centre, Keffi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Keffi]] | {{Coord|8.846008|7.885577|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939171|Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6425793|Kogi]]'' | {{Coord|7.800831|6.741248|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5322771|ECWA Hospital Egbe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|8.213817|5.517987|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101588422|Zonal Hospital Okene]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.554667|6.238361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104520657|Kogi State University Teaching Hospital(KSUTH)]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.479946|7.169073|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115458441|Blue House Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.483172|7.168184|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123437494|Rehoboth Specialist Hospital Lokoja]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.796995|6.701435|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123437542|The light Hospital Okpo Kogi State]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.213838|7.560246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123437649|NIGER HOSPITAL LOKOJA]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.802559|6.733403|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123455732|Federal Teaching Hospital Lokoja]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.799976|6.742097|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123455756|Ali Omeiza Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.810164|6.747673|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123455799|Healing Spring Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.81689|6.749925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123455811|Rehoboth Women Hospital Lokoja]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.798446|6.701538|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123455822|Shifaah Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.798119|6.740571|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123458299|Maria Gorretti Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.572119|7.150535|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123460342|Bethel Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.384015|7.6215|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123460998|Poly Hospital And Maternity Lokoja]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.80028|6.734856|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123461023|Gabann Clinic And Maternity]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.780128|6.742277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130553813|Holley Memorial Hospital, kogi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.390795|7.036164|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130558785|Okene General Hospital,kogi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.554444|6.238606|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130558826|Reference Hospital Okene,kogi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.556135|6.239379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130644785|Our Lady Mother of Mercy Hospital, St Boniface Cathedral, Idah]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.115048|6.738872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130644814|Ogala Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.139576|6.739902|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130645185|Immanuel clinc]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.155246|6.771145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130645476|Ola Hospital,idah]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.116751|6.740932|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130689724|JOSALU SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.891481|6.732313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130691233|Good Shepherd Medical Centre, kogi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.613891|7.440931|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136349401|Onyedega Cottage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|6.883816|6.677245|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136683201|Alokoli Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.731766|7.048752|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136683320|Ette Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.973919|6.870224|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136683553|nebo multicare hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.511817|7.157197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136683593|Dedkakpo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|8.05387|6.82941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136683634|MDG's PHC Ajiolo Odoeto]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.596945|7.094269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136683672|Onichaigo Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.362749|7.348328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136683846|Kogi Diagnostic & Reference Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.507094|7.172547|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136684010|Eleojo Clinic And maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.546576|7.16568|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136684089|Kpanche Centre Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|8.004039|7.24716|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136697285|Concord Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.783419|6.729079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136697404|Confluence City Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.805698|6.733199|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136697544|Carecrest Specialist Hospital and Fertility Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.795773|6.724134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136699383|Grand Specialist Hospital ,kogi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.869668|6.710187|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136699534|Winning Ways Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.791094|6.722436|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136699672|ROCK N GARDENS CLINIC LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.80606|6.733594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136699751|St Margarets hospital kogi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.855827|6.721692|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136699768|Solucio clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.803527|6.707486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136702141|Beaconhealth Diagnostics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.800466|6.743535|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136702188|Victory Edith Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.784408|6.735126|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136702224|ASEVITI WALK-IN MEDICAL CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.807096|6.747802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136702239|Ankuri Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.806076|6.734069|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136702367|Maranatha Specialist Hospital lokoja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.812878|6.740077|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136707909|Anyigba Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.515921|7.166572|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136707983|Ojofu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.534797|7.178363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136708008|Akabe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.562259|7.121543|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136722724|Achokpa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.082488|6.943962|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136722818|Ikeffi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.1433|6.980183|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136723026|Ugbedomagu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.179669|7.058333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136723067|Akpodo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.223352|7.089502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724405|Ahi Ojapata Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.247494|6.970817|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724450|Obale Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.01321|6.856603|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724483|Anamu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.025423|6.865276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136756451|Bethel Hospital Kogi state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.405291|7.622281|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136756548|Madonna Hospital Kogi state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.405349|7.622259|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136756740|Limestone medical clinic obajana]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.921217|6.432301|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136756819|Amaka Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|6.857415|7.068864|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136756856|Emachi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.152972|6.857825|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136757177|Eika Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.583287|6.266547|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136757200|Ibochi - Okanekpa Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.206605|6.819126|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136893003|Ojuwomachi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.340707|6.916551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136893046|Okele Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.377525|7.076746|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136899335|Alaba Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.17792|6.927442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136900096|Olichekpe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.15067|6.904808|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136900620|Ikare II Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.146692|6.870545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136900983|Ojokuta-Olofu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.092631|6.867366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136901484|Ikara I Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.164078|6.827693|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136903134|Otobo-Ojaja Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.191507|6.820531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136904435|Ogbogba Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.109946|6.815939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136904686|Iyegu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.101752|6.788712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136905006|Golden Fingers Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí|Kogi State]] | {{Coord|7.133757|6.755426|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101936758|Garaku General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6426774|Kokona]]'' | {{Coord|8.901389|8.155667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101949094|Kontagora General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kontagora]] | {{Coord|10.399875|5.448302|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102198437|Nasara Clinic & Maternity Hospital Kontangora]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kontagora]] | {{Coord|10.751114|5.481951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175760|O King Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kosofe]] | {{Coord|6.610775|3.397793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175811|Elegbeleiye Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kosofe]] | {{Coord|6.604167|3.382031|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175855|Yombo Hospital And Maternity Home]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kosofe]] | {{Coord|6.602952|3.382213|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175917|Timoteik Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kosofe]] | {{Coord|6.600949|3.385458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102176006|Lade Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kosofe]] | {{Coord|6.601691|3.386355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102176061|Dafe Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kosofe]] | {{Coord|6.604377|3.385947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956444|Alfad Specialist Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.878578|7.224701|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956534|White Dove hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.883122|7.232479|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115053409|Alfama Prime Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.8778|7.2274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869225|Chukuku Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.884455|7.230676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869240|Chibiri Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.884393|7.230596|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869447|Kusaki Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.793644|7.433078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869462|Kasada Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.799513|7.380307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869471|Kahodahannu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.768121|7.258431|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869558|Gidanbawa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.876364|7.243711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869574|Gbaupe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|5.414408|7.06994|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869577|Gbaukuchi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|5.414437|7.069936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869681|Tashara Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|5.414392|7.069937|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869686|Dafara Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|8.884472|7.230635|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131869694|Huni Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6442341|Kuje]]'' | {{Coord|5.414378|7.069897|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956797|Rhema Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6450057|Kwali]]'' | {{Coord|8.818446|7.034683|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123338982|Tappi Primary Health Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6450109|Kwami]]''<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.494438|11.056277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101532430|303 M A G Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.5|4.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552127|Agbonda Comprehensive Health Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|6.596056|3.35475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552532|General hospital omu aran]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.123917|5.113556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552826|General hospital Ilorin]]'' | ile iwosan pubic | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]]<br/>[[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.482604|4.532741|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101553309|ijomu-oro cottage hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.248639|4.901333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101857499|Odentan Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.874375|4.687509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101858515|Jebba Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|9.0945|4.819667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112076536|Anchormed Hospital, Ilorin]]'' | Eto ilera ni Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.482805|4.601858|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123413945|Oreofe Maternity and Wellness Center]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.537535|4.544509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123414030|Femis Hospital, Ilorin]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.537449|4.544366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123414058|Optimal Care Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.538335|4.539089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123415955|Olanrewaju Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.488659|4.568507|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123415988|Lifefount Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.474713|4.566965|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123416020|MAXIHEALTH HOSPITALS]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.480705|4.520618|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123419683|Balm Hospitals]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.538022|4.544741|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123420895|Olutayo Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.520555|4.593105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123421736|Ilorin Clinic And Maternity Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.508703|4.523537|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123421780|Olorun Osebi Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria p | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.456394|4.524943|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123421798|Sadiku Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.480842|4.558522|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123421816|Fatima Hospital Clinic And Maternity]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.534961|4.538057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123421827|Pentacare Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.492206|4.596364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123421836|Crescent Gold Crown Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.537555|4.544419|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124760201|Tobi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]]<br/>[[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.483782|4.540879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131176015|UITH Physiotherapy Department]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]]<br/>[[Ilorin]] | {{Coord|8.536967|4.646582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136793989|Jabe Clinic And Maternity Center, Share]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.813269|4.966547|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136807125|Dr. Aisha Muhammadu Bihari Mother & Child Hospita]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.395694|4.459917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136955998|New Era Hospital, Osi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.076074|5.21469|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137010446|Ilé ìwòsan Notre Dame]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | {{Coord|8.407499|4.616138|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109690414|Yusuf Dansoho Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.520493|7.416909|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109690524|Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.525823|7.442144|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109690567|Sir Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|9.590618|8.296385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098794|ABI CLINIC & HOSPITAL, KADUNA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.508575|7.426488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098924|DIAMOND SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, KADUNA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.542672|7.472864|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098975|GARDEN CITY SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.536514|7.451672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115099019|GARKUWA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.547658|7.453522|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115099128|HARMONY SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, KADUNA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.47757|7.437075|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123509833|Shifa hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.52|7.44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125917209|Danbami Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|11.216922|7.699778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125958973|Jowako Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.514249|7.432773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959016|Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.52041|7.416902|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959022|Sefa Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.537178|7.422581|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959033|Mends Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.53441|7.470826|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959086|ASHMED SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.459445|7.380475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959606|U/Dan Isah Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|11.016549|8.066517|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130486039|Graceland Hagwop Hospital Barnawa Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.483277|7.44028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130486348|DICON Staff Clinic, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.487612|7.420243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130486645|Rapha Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.484804|7.421888|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493036|Salvation Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.479747|7.43864|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493040|AP SMART Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.420288|7.404631|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493420|Primary Healthcare Centre, Barnawa, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.493619|7.429627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493491|Giltoe Aris Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.482193|7.428637|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493506|Shehu Muhammad Kangiwa Medical Centre, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.468803|7.438903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493550|Agape Medical Care Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.484404|7.437676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493594|Excel Hospital Clinics and Maternity, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.486947|7.430361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493640|Primary Healthcare Centre, Sabo, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.447616|7.450512|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493666|SUÑNA CLINIC AND MARTERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|8.882528|11.343154|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493710|Epsilon Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.484405|7.426279|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493778|Gemini Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.485035|7.431562|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493855|Gajere Health care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.024927|6.292067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493867|Primary health care Centre Tudun Wada, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.510972|7.413604|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130502548|Halimat Nirsing Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.512243|7.406722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130503758|Saby Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.525535|7.40834|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130503962|Amina Namaddi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.495265|7.402813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130505194|Primary Health Care Centre, Rigasa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.51887|7.383994|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130517275|Sanasi Nursing And Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.511129|7.428803|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130526234|General hospital kachia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|9.862459|7.963762|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130529323|Rural hospital kujama]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.481488|7.651978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130530305|Monarch Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.50636|7.411528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130530373|Primary Healthcare Centre, Bayan Dutse, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.476657|7.457339|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130530650|Kanko Primary Health Centre, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.508272|7.426834|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130532017|Eagle hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.45526|7.456964|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130535525|PRIMARY HEALTH CARE MIYATTI ALLAH RIGASA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.518524|7.383873|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130536545|chasel hospital kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.545072|7.445071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130538293|Amal hospital and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.511603|7.400523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130538322|National ear center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.515945|7.439669|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130538683|Attatbeq Islamic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.490381|7.398978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130538741|Tudun Nupawa Islamic Hospital Dr Ma'awiya]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.518441|7.422608|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130538814|Jni Muslim Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.513676|7.412881|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130544462|Amal hospital, Kinkinaw]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.490132|7.405399|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130544608|KINKINAU SPECIALIST HOSPITAL. A subsidary Of Darulbir Global Medicals Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.501536|7.405415|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130545134|Salem hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.535085|7.468365|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130545223|Haske eye specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.583646|7.459915|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130548676|Primary health care Doka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.233947|7.907041|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130632351|Favour Memorial Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.444647|7.431676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130632806|Dangiwa Memorial Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.510526|7.41646|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130638581|Alheri Hospital Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.481351|7.402435|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130705499|Primary health care kabala West]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.504466|7.39372|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130713117|Sengyuro Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.485705|7.421816|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130713485|Niroi specialist hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.508288|7.446491|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130713520|Rakiya Hospital & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.512845|7.432243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130729945|Shalom hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.428608|7.394558|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130742879|Bengola Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.445051|7.426152|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130742974|The Albarka Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.506442|7.427533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130743144|Rapha Specialist Hosoital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.484181|7.425942|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130743355|Epsilon Specialist Hosoital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.484182|7.425923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130743544|Giltoe Aris Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.482014|7.428276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130743696|Children Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.504033|7.432253|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130743846|Horeb Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.512451|7.443349|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130744038|Giltool Ans Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.481228|7.428188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130745952|Belmont Specialist Hosptal, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.548124|7.47057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746014|Quartz Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.46356|7.426026|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746044|Eelmont Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.506572|7.43032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746092|Epson Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.515333|7.425691|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746320|Alpha Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.502555|7.426828|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746424|Primary Health Centre, Goni Gora, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.431051|7.397386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746449|Malali Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.56134|7.472023|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746481|Vicas Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.542638|7.433234|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746498|First Care Multi Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.543707|7.439236|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746524|Thelish Eye Centre, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.526434|7.441022|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746542|Brains Specialist Hospital Limited, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.53745|7.464042|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746554|Nissi Specialist Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.503997|7.447216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130746562|Covenant Hospital & Maternity, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.515932|7.43195|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131175954|Dr.Agarwal's Group of Eye Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.526342|7.438668|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131244034|Gwamna Awan General Hospital, Kakuri, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.47295|7.40111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131244075|Carewell Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131244141|St. Gerards Catholic Hospital kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.4666|7.42054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131322835|JICON Hospital And Specialist, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.486148|7.429939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131337178|Kawo Islamic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.577569|7.449167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131337414|Primary Health Care Bagado]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.472218|7.493584|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131337458|Barka Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.524161|7.400306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131339249|Goshen Diagnostic Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.510749|7.425898|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131342623|NNPC Clinic, Kaduna Hospital, Barnawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.478527|7.440147|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343225|Eunice Hospital And Maternity Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.43686|7.398576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343567|AlFijr Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.55683|7.493594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343582|Alifat Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.52692|7.486367|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343737|Beto Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.501641|7.441436|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343894|Avon Healthcare Mends Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.516607|7.433364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343926|Maneks Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.467898|7.413686|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343966|Assabur Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.521343|7.402304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343973|Almurlah Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.514654|7.399045|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131346845|Salamat Hospital, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.507812|7.408383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360302|Zango Islamic Hospital and maternity home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.507093|7.407168|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360320|Ishaku Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.496456|7.418443|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360345|Shukurah Clinic & Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.513758|7.406531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360374|AS SABUUR Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.521349|7.402181|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360408|Abubakar Medical Center, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.51095|7.428792|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360440|Abubakar health centre, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.510484|7.416425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360474|Abubakar Zaharaddeen Health Service]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.512615|7.413922|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131360513|Asabe Dauda Health Service]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.507862|7.408364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131400586|Sujud Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.517451|5.431862|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131406043|United Surgicals Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.516666|7.433333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131406081|First Care Multi Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.543709|7.439343|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131406243|AL- MADINAT SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.442559|7.453411|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136466880|Tri-Star Romi Hospital and Maternity, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.43883|7.41981|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tri-Star Romi hospital and maternity.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136470779|Savannah Hospital Television, Kaduna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàdúná]] | {{Coord|10.43499|7.4192|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939173|Federal Medical Centre, Katsina]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kàtsínà]] | {{Coord|12.988147|7.576803|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102065130|General Hospital Okeho]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Kajola|Kájọlà]] | {{Coord|8.043253|3.380133|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30279703|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.962676|8.551973|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Aminu Kano TH.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q133805584|New Greenland Specialist Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|12.027034|8.532508|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133805736|Premier Clinics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.974859|8.537828|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771180|AMITY HOSPITAL & MEDICAL SERVICES]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.966087|8.54246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771201|GAYA GENERAL HOSPITAL. Kano]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Kano|Kánò]] | {{Coord|11.867663|8.987883|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101926520|Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q1023721|Lafia]]'' | {{Coord|8.502257|8.523665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101936209|Shabu Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q1023721|Lafia]]'' | {{Coord|8.573907|8.556653|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105589485|Barau Dikko Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q1023721|Lafia]]'' | {{Coord|10.526727|7.441885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137774284|Sandaji Medical Center Hospital Lafia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q1023721|Lafia]]'' | {{Coord|8.50908|8.538263|display=inline}} | | |- | [[First Consultant Hospital]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.44797|3.41012|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18392690|St. Nicholas Hospital, Lagos]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.44934|3.39772|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:St. Nicholas Hospital, Lagos.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q101958185|Nigerian Air Force Medical]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.449944|3.40575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101959197|Onikan Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.444944|3.404833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245306|United Heart Hospital & Clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.425687|3.440493|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105662020|First Consultant medical centre Obalande]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.450341|3.409655|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105902930|Lagos Island Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.449443|3.397362|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113509993|Runsewe Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.45074|3.399694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113510125|Yide Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.454885|3.396395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113510614|Odontoville Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.435454|3.434346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133454295|Lagos Island Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.449895|3.397146|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456650|Flying Doctors Nigeria Lagos, operates in West Africa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.586929|3.34131|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101959885|Harvey Road Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Mainland]] | {{Coord|6.510611|3.374889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101960581|Ebute-Metta Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lagos Mainland]] | {{Coord|6.488278|3.384944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111337060|Randle General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.5084|3.3572|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112073795|Adefemi Hospital, Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.602406|3.33918|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112076673|Isolo General Hospital, Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.526545|3.318212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112078379|Adebayo Living Tower Hospital, Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.435622|2.983581|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112078484|Isalu Hospital, Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]]<br/>[[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.631451|3.346827|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113528004|Paras Medicare Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.442521|3.357743|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113530603|Rhode Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q94751196|Ikotun]]'' | {{Coord|6.563134|3.24366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122643245|Mary Immaculate Nursing Home, Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.621557|3.502625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125847841|Paelon Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|6.422599|3.41514|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125872525|Chiron Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.496261|3.596466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125872672|Mediplan Healthcare Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.431497|3.436379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125872797|Valley Oak Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.643199|3.373083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125872889|Royal Saints Hospital, Victoria Island]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.43233|3.434055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125872961|Inland Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.575208|3.392531|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125873189|Genesis Specialist Hospital, Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.572557|3.348668|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125873247|Military Hospital Ikoyi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.443636|3.40841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125873303|Germaine Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.43522|3.493988|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125873387|King's Hospital Limited Ikoyi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.448249|3.412374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125946018|Parklande Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.496413|3.361206|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125946055|Providence Hospitals Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.495262|3.361978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125946121|Rosescan Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.59724|3.363939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125946817|St. Lukes Hospital Yaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.506233|3.375879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125946886|St. Ives Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.590305|3.362829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125946938|St.Maria Hospital Victoria Island, Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|9.074668|7.489422|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125947134|Ideal Eagle Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.435519|3.421216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125947178|Lifeline Childrens Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.503523|3.351543|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125947228|Abimbola Adeleye Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.452319|3.394914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125947262|AB Specialist Hoaspital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.509989|3.3569|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125947390|Bernes Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.430005|3.439984|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125947421|County Hospital Limited Lagos Island]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.635233|3.349486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125947448|Ekemode Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.4888|3.350857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125947494|Eko Hospital Plc]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.587829|3.35762|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126000280|First City Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.425374|3.419297|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126000335|Gold Cross Hospital Ikoyi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.447346|3.414721|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126000423|Heritage Hospital Victoria Island]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.433306|3.420293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126000746|Hillstar Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.532678|3.343941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126000863|Humana Hospital Ikeja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.620458|3.354982|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126001280|Kings Hospital Ikoyi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.443728|3.415616|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126001738|Midland Hospital Apapa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.515156|3.333511|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002202|Newgate Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.622976|3.496688|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002248|Omotoyinbo Memo Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.452343|3.394714|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002282|Optimal Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.503646|3.359793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002472|Premier Specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.42565|3.417481|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002515|Rebs Specialist Hospital & Trauma Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.596348|3.354069|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002554|Regina Mundi Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.52736|3.355777|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002579|Robing Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.429301|3.439526|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002653|Rosescan Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.597248|3.363937|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002686|Rotfol Medical]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.51482|3.359066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002723|Royal Cross Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.4494|3.410504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002837|Sabo Crown Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.463345|3.172981|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002883|Saint Nicholas Hospital Lagos Island]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.449209|3.397622|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126002939|Shalom Hospital Of Imcc]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.44328|3.456375|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126004160|Sheperd Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.591702|3.36384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126004244|St. Francis Hospital Ikoyi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.44509|3.41486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126007369|ST Louis Medical Centre, Lagos Island]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.454394|3.386516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126007402|St. Louis Medical Centre Victoria Island]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.435942|3.428557|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126007435|The Cardiac Centre, Victoria Island]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.433307|3.420292|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126007461|Togaro Emergency Medical Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.435497|3.42122|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126007489|Udeco Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.463086|3.554738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126081683|Ultimate Charry Specialist Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.442133|3.454487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126118614|Unity Hospital Ikeja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.603686|3.347363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126118713|Victoria Hospital Lagos Island]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.574432|3.343794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126190546|St. Raphael's Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]]<br/>[[Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Oṣòdì-Ìsọlọ̀]] | {{Coord|6.496201|3.316246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126193390|Golden Cross Infirmary Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]]<br/>[[Ilu Festac|Festac Town]] | {{Coord|6.468172|3.283262|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126199048|St. Edmund Eye Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]]<br/>[[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.509963|3.359055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126199332|Gold Cross Hospital Ikeja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]]<br/>[[Ikeja]] | {{Coord|6.5763|3.36025|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126200927|Chygor-Cole Specialist Hospitals Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.659407|3.300195|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126202497|Getwell Specialist Hospital and Maternity Center Agege]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.61546|3.327253|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130478120|EVERCARE HOSPITAL LEKKI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.437709|3.457185|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130479194|Bridge Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.571143|3.350881|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838911|Cedar Group Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.464656|3.278376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838958|God Cures Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.438047|3.259879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838985|Mount Pisgah Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.541101|3.283068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133262020|Mayriamville Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.488355|3.360351|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133262037|First Covenant Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.452888|3.25959|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133262662|Evercare Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.43761|3.457443|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133274236|Dukes Neurosurgery and Specialist Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.592728|3.364138|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261231|Federal Medical Centre, Ebute Metta, Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.484406|3.380259|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261241|Federal Medical Centre, Epe, Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | {{Coord|6.586448|3.970473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140320912|T & S Hospital Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321005|Motayo Hospital Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321061|St. Louis Medical Centre Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321102|St Clement Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321140|Q-Impact Medicare Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321216|The Health Arena Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321274|Tin-Can Hospital Group]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321332|Triumph Medical Centre Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321508|Watershed Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|Lagos State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113543691|Queensway Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q37466358|Lekki]]'' | {{Coord|6.450553|3.550015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102064898|General Hospital Lagun]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Lagelu|Lágelú]] | {{Coord|7.533308|4.099872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102065049|General Hospital Kutayi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Lagelu|Lágelú]] | {{Coord|9.868|6.7134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552608|Ibeju Lekki general hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lekki|Lẹ́kí]] | {{Coord|6.486944|3.890889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102244302|William Thorpe Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lekki|Lẹ́kí]] | {{Coord|6.464932|3.557874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245204|Utmost Care Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lekki|Lẹ́kí]] | {{Coord|6.473577|3.729651|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270660|Royal Infirmary Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lekki|Lẹ́kí]] | {{Coord|6.503947|3.601415|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113510606|Annah. Maria Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lekki|Lẹ́kí]] | {{Coord|6.447632|3.456683|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113531213|St. Kizito Clinic,Lekki]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lekki|Lẹ́kí]] | {{Coord|6.439101|3.465767|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113585335|Etta Atlantic Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lekki|Lẹ́kí]] | {{Coord|6.438555|3.489899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126200977|Vedic Lifecare Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lekki|Lẹ́kí]] | {{Coord|6.43218|3.472027|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101813288|Kogi State Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lọ́kọ́ja]] | {{Coord|7.793528|6.7315|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101813946|The Nigerian Police Clinic Lokoja]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lọ́kọ́ja]] | {{Coord|7.8065|6.73575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101814416|Nigerian Prison Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lọ́kọ́ja]] | {{Coord|7.806409|6.735734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101815198|Felele Modern Primary health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lọ́kọ́ja]] | {{Coord|7.345515|3.884471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105644250|Federal Medical Centre Lokoja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lọ́kọ́ja]] | {{Coord|7.800465|6.742118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112078150|Helping Hands Women Specialist, Lokoja]]'' | Eto ilera ni Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lọ́kọ́ja]] | {{Coord|7.804051|6.693942|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476305|Divine dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Lọ́kọ́ja]] | {{Coord|6.529172|3.320054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105437739|University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital]]'' | ajo ilera ni Maiduguri, Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Maiduguri]] | {{Coord|11.82743|13.180917|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:UMTH Gate (1).jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967849|Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Maiduguri]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Maiduguri]] | {{Coord|11.865306|13.118634|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133754472|Royal Specialist Hospital - Borno State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Maiduguri]] | {{Coord|11.825037|13.140357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105644487|Federal Medical Centre Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Makurdi]] | {{Coord|7.737408|8.51791|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Federal Medical Centre Makurdi.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q132181357|Benue State University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Makurdi]] | {{Coord|7.72524|8.568449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136657241|Federal Medical center Markudi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Makurdi]] | {{Coord|7.729722|8.519049|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122955665|Cottage Hospital Malam Sidi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q121891997|Malam Sidi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6450109|Kwami]]''<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.496671|11.30306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123310023|Mallam/Sidi Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q121891997|Malam Sidi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6450109|Kwami]]''<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.474479|11.289718|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197104|Top Medical Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Minna]] | {{Coord|9.598577|6.562305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197845|Bay Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Minna]] | {{Coord|9.595994|6.557833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105678894|General Hospital, Minna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Minna]] | {{Coord|9.613957|6.544659|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133310690|Standard Hospital & Diagnostic Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Minna]] | {{Coord|9.61017|6.536102|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133319576|IBB Specialist Hospital Minna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q8095855|Minna]]'' | {{Coord|9.540171|6.583759|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133321700|Talba Estate Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Minna]] | {{Coord|9.576841|6.510533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386175|Goodnews Hospital And Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Modákẹ́kẹ́|Modakeke]] | {{Coord|6.120251|6.769667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114236931|NEW LIFE HOSPITAL, ADAMAWA STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Mubi]] | {{Coord|10.268836|13.283766|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123050948|Mubi General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Mubi]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]] | {{Coord|10.266687|13.267699|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101935861|Nassarawa General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6966608|Nasarawa]]'' | {{Coord|8.537028|7.694889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102199204|Adonai Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6966608|Nasarawa]]'' | {{Coord|9.024577|7.597214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101934453|Umaisha General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.008332|7.186366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101934919|Toto General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.378833|7.086722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101935145|Obi General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.371631|8.770442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101939274|Awe General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.110806|9.144417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102199056|Federal Medical Center Keffi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.86474|7.886343|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126000922|Avon Healthcare Our Lady Of Apostles Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.906285|8.408303|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126001294|Diamond Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.506066|8.523059|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126001548|The Chrane Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.514304|8.512027|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128845687|Royal Hospital, Akwanga]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.911847|8.399527|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128845851|Peace Clinic, Akwanga]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.905441|8.413544|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128846511|General hospital, Akwanga]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.903478|8.410733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261303|Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.846048|7.885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386365|AA Koto Primary Health Care Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.5|8.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137440518|Panda General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.265735|7.83702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137440621|Giza Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.195313|8.646413|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137637024|Loko 1 Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.604644|6.671584|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137714579|Nidan Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|5.41432|7.069871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137735431|Aban Primary Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137735703|Adde Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137735777|Agyaga Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54|8.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137735989|Akkah Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.51|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137736010|Akwanga Town Primary Health Clinic (MDG)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.9158|8.4066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137736024|Ancho 'B' Primary Health Centre (MDGs)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.5|8.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137736041|Andaha Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.844684|7.871622|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137736059|Angwan Dariya Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|11.322722|8.685307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137736084|Angwan Dorawa Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|11.842898|7.517914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137736115|Angwan Jatau Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.359738|9.25346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137759506|Jimiya Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137759709|Turkwan Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137760180|Karmo Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54|8.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137760326|Gwargwada Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.379461|7.303507|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137761503|Kanje Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.018014|8.702839|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137766433|Langi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137767661|Toto Town Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.383995|7.083166|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137767737|Jinibol Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137767808|Kanja Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.01673|8.716604|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137767923|Nakere Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54|8.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137768515|kwandar Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.51|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137768854|Ngache Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.982504|8.437032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137768882|Wuse Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.373339|9.312632|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137768903|Ngaruwa Primary Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.5|8.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770072|Ugya Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.204047|7.161845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770348|Angwan Abakwa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.995636|8.582223|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770768|Kumburu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.995229|8.816369|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770864|Arum Sarki Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.094372|8.652788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770917|Arum Sarki Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.093961|8.652916|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137770920|Lan Primary Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771023|Gwanje Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|12.465716|10.032433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771137|Federal University Lafia Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.502263|8.52373|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771166|Gunki Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.584041|7.744984|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771214|Mararaba Akunza Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.024912|7.600186|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771233|Marmara Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.610741|7.769161|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771292|Karu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.008962|7.578642|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771474|Toto Primary Heaalth Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.383997|7.083202|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771535|Doma Town Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.722179|8.505082|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771570|Masaka Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.005504|7.668178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771588|Papaladna Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771615|Ribi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.506058|9.064109|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137771632|Ribi Model Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137774357|Dikko Primary Haelth Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.408877|7.322603|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137774647|Majaga Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54|8.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775067|Koya Health Clinic Nasarawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|12.234339|9.848607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775172|Numa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.51|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775241|Tako Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.5|8.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775248|Gimba Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775331|Ashigogo Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775336|Tudun Uku Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54|8.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775426|Shege Primary Health Centre Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.51|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775549|Jibyal Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775565|Kurize Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775601|Jarmai Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54|8.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775635|Mankwar Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.883472|8.933226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775642|Mbako Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.51|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775838|Massange Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776061|Angewa Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776112|Sisim Baki Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54|8.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776337|Agam Primary Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.51|8.52|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776651|Kana primary health care]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776855|Kafin Moyi Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.100064|9.266787|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137776918|Goewam Primary Health Clinic Akiri, Awe]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.1|9.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137778586|Jidda Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|10.687742|8.362795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137779704|Okpo primary health care]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137779722|Hadari primary health clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|12.97|7.58|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137779735|Kofar Gwari primary health care center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.682686|8.011599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137779748|Mandara primary health clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.860518|8.225296|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137779761|New koya primary health clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.53|8.54|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137779777|Sabon gida primary health care center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.335142|10.444163|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137779929|Tatara mada primary health clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.693722|7.583702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137779999|Agudu health post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.467201|8.626517|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137780063|Yelwa kodo health post]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.52|8.53|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137780144|Yelwa bassa primary health care center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.807747|9.664839|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137780813|Azuba Bashayi Primary Health Care Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.590841|8.556817|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137781930|Mararaban Udege General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.971449|7.626424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137782225|Akwate Health Post]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.54|8.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137782337|Gbata Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|8.93412|8.55632|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137782340|Ado Kasa Primary Health Care Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] | {{Coord|9.012179|7.633383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130711481|Federal University Teaching Hospital, Lafia.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59681235|Nassarawa]]'' | {{Coord|8.829702|8.673637|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130712381|Specialcare Specialist Hospital Mararaba]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59681235|Nassarawa]]'' | {{Coord|9.034683|7.602879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101935493|Nassarawa Eggon General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q17109172|Nassarawa Egon]]'' | {{Coord|8.710082|8.526903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17011562|Ahmadiyya Hospital Newbussa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[New Bussa]] | {{Coord|9.873974|4.501151|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18357303|Good Heart Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q18391957|New GRA, Port Harcourt]]'' | {{Coord|4.81944|7.00083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112939183|Federal Medical Centre, Nguru]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nguru, Nàìjíríà|Nguru]] | {{Coord|12.887305|10.444675|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131870000|Federal Medical Center Nguru, Yobe State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nguru, Nàìjíríà|Nguru]] | {{Coord|12.881294|10.447423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197219|Suzan Memorial Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.183625|7.185488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197286|Standard Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.6107|6.536136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197359|Maraba Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.216221|7.181005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197415|Lucas Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.11046|7.218201|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197690|Citizen Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]]<br/>[[Suleja]] | {{Coord|9.193288|7.179819|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126122060|Shagunu Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|10.340616|4.475363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126122454|Amboshidi Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|10.315291|4.476793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126122521|Mariga Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|10.133744|6.024662|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126126246|Shiloh Lifecare Hospital and Diagnostic Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.607105|6.530612|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126126701|General Hospital New-Bussa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.880241|4.500876|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126126711|Victory Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.931054|5.598515|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126127887|Nice Int'l Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.065955|5.991547|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126127896|Yetu Group Of Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.066417|5.992329|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126127958|IBB Specialist Hospital Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.583624|6.546335|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126128040|Savannah Hospital Minna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.606784|6.560112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126128219|Alpha Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.62179|6.573178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126128275|Dr. Musa Inuwa General Hospital Minna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.596474|6.575936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130745086|Top Medical Hospital. minna]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.601103|6.562223|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133323872|GENERAL HOSPITAL AUNA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|10.189657|4.736388|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133324202|GENERAL HOSPITAL NASKO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|10.517398|4.910639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133464267|Supreme Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]]<br/>[[Minna]] | {{Coord|9.613889|6.556944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133467870|Unity Clinic and Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.345639|6.278389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133698605|Cedar Crest Hospital Ltd - Niger State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.175099|4.807409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136593360|Wushishi Rural Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.437781|6.047385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261210|Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Niger State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.073753|5.998541|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261352|Federal Medical Centre, New Bussa, Niger State]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Niger|Niger State]] | {{Coord|9.8845|4.5056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30265211|Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nnewi]] | {{Coord|6.025768|6.913867|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112648505|Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nnewi]] | {{Coord|4.646891|7.942885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024318|Akulue Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nsukka]] | {{Coord|6.778788|7.433643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024437|THE GOOD SHEPHERD HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nsukka]] | {{Coord|6.820994|7.425954|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133297528|primary health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q129257556|Nteje]]'' | {{Coord|6.272505|6.920725|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133297556|St. mary hospital and maternity nteje]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q129257556|Nteje]]'' | {{Coord|6.458076|7.504097|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133297574|mother of mercy hospital and maternity nteje]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q129257556|Nteje]]'' | {{Coord|6.221199|7.445469|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123463844|Al-Noury Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|11.980572|8.45116|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123463906|Bela hosital kano state]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|12.084192|8.631434|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289149|Vineway Specialists Hospital & Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|7.239939|5.225734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133502711|Gwoza General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|11.083118|13.694236|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133806191|Tomahar Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|7.158715|8.862727|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137775447|Akum Primary Hea;lth Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|8.5|8.51|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136593130|Gaskiya Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | {{Coord|9.272248|7.192537|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456616|Lagos Island General Hospital Odan, Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | ''[[:d:Q94751421|Odan]]'' | {{Coord|6.447752|3.397215|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133484032|Abike Memorial Clinic & Maternity Essa A, Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7079013|Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.146048|4.722428|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134414116|Ofa specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara State]] | ''[[:d:Q7079013|Offa]]'' | {{Coord|5.414371|7.070105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133330796|Ify maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | ''[[:d:Q132557486|Ogbunike]]'' | {{Coord|6.14|6.98|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175542|MedicPlus Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.846846|3.43395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175642|Lantos Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.848363|3.41406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178359|Broadland Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.724082|3.397807|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178668|Beachland Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.694847|3.42449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178696|Balda Hospital And maternity Home]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.677609|3.346397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178743|Ariset Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.668478|3.102395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102179020|Oke Afa Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.715301|3.420938|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270203|Shirish Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.712568|3.236662|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270513|Rubee Medical Centre Ltd]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.711966|3.232986|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109723450|OOUTH Afriglobal Medicare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.593951|3.345777|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109723904|African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|7.736464|4.444591|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112075840|Ogun State Government Hospital Ota]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.682726|3.2091|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112076652|God's Hope Hospital, Ogun State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|7.165995|3.319447|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967902|Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Aro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|7.147035|3.358694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126165217|Ogun state general Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.986316|3.676693|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126202575|Fountain Hospital Ago-Iwoye]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4693316|Àgọ́ Ìwòyè]]'' | {{Coord|6.935439|3.901641|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476264|Cedars dental center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.719532|3.24818|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137291902|Ace Medicare Clinics Ltd Ota, Ogun State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.683044|3.170376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140312946|AFONJA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140965612|Pioneer Laboratory Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | {{Coord|6.46655|3.177809|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175365|Ore Ofe Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ojo, Eko|Ojo]] | {{Coord|6.494825|3.125465|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105702725|Naval Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ojo, Eko|Ojo]] | {{Coord|6.452851|3.283371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102176137|Kingsmith Hospital And Maternity]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816143|Ojodu/Agidingbi/Omole]]'' | {{Coord|6.658886|3.363105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102249806|St Timothy Catholic Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816143|Ojodu/Agidingbi/Omole]]'' | {{Coord|6.650028|3.358412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102267395|St. Marys Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816143|Ojodu/Agidingbi/Omole]]'' | {{Coord|6.631973|3.361839|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270165|Silkin Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816143|Ojodu/Agidingbi/Omole]]'' | {{Coord|6.65019|3.34669|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270581|Royan Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816143|Ojodu/Agidingbi/Omole]]'' | {{Coord|6.644731|3.364201|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113537370|Supreme Health Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ojuelegba, Lagos]] | {{Coord|6.48302|3.33677|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105682252|Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q117607372|Okada]]'' | {{Coord|6.720467|5.38036|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133307929|Express Clinic & Maternity, Oke-Onigbin]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7081879|Oke-Onigbin ní agbègbè Isin ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]]'' | {{Coord|8.214306|4.642601|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101589680|Obangede General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7081917|Okehi]]'' | {{Coord|7.609667|6.217194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101590641|College Medical Centre FCE Okene]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7081917|Okehi]]'' | {{Coord|7.561667|6.242917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101589334|Okengwe General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Okene]] | {{Coord|7.546361|6.196556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102199784|Wind Of Grace Hospital And Maternity]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816240|Okota]]'' | {{Coord|6.506701|3.301961|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102249416|SYD-MONIC Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816240|Okota]]'' | {{Coord|6.509503|3.314125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102267605|St. Raphaels Hospital Ltd]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816240|Okota]]'' | {{Coord|6.496638|3.316272|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270324|Samaria Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816240|Okota]]'' | {{Coord|6.510654|3.311346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289960|Eldorado multi specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q113008102|Okpuno-Awka]]'' | {{Coord|6.23146|7.073348|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296826|New life hospital and maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q113008102|Okpuno-Awka]]'' | {{Coord|6.212009|6.787297|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133389434|New Covenant Children Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q113008102|Okpuno-Awka]]''<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | {{Coord|6.231902|7.06677|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133390395|St Faith Hospital - Temp site Awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | ''[[:d:Q113008102|Okpuno-Awka]]'' | {{Coord|6.221796|7.064314|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102064413|General Hospital Orile-Odo]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Olúyọ̀lé|Olúyọ̀lé]] | {{Coord|7.247917|3.856056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101587314|Abejukolo-1 General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7089500|Omala]]'' | {{Coord|7.86725|7.508722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552210|General Hospital Igbekebo]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Ese Odo]] | {{Coord|6.356331|4.864981|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552359|Idanre General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.109398|5.114716|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552435|Aribo Hospital Igbekebo]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ilaje]] | {{Coord|7.825797|4.883632|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112075295|State Specialist Hospital, Akure Ondo State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.24215|5.195688|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131906765|St John And Mary Hospital Oshabi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.246912|5.180071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133281066|ST. MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL, AKURE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.243901|5.174315|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133281134|Sckye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.255274|5.189444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286137|Newday Medical Centre, Akure Ondo State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.264596|5.210299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286155|Nigeria Police Cottage Hospital, Akure]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.239981|5.205693|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286166|J & E Fatunla Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.239289|5.180216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286180|Jobarteh Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.252594|5.202675|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286197|ADE-TADE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.27273|5.167989|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286212|LEO Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.262199|5.172828|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286253|Joe Jane Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.270137|5.204951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286353|Key of David Specialist Hospital and Fertility Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.237378|5.198591|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133286413|Tender Heart Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.244276|5.24472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289092|Karis Life Hospital & Diagnostic Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.284751|5.160395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289102|ROHI Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.232075|5.192582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289115|Infectious Diseases Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.240037|5.227861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289129|Avon Healthcare Fujah Specialist]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.257313|5.176862|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289166|Miteda Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.253152|5.210794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289190|Netcare Multispecialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.265426|5.214451|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289205|SENIDAH HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.228769|5.208942|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289225|Moviv Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.252862|5.20232|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289245|The Fertility & Gynaecology Centre (THE HOSPITAL)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.226929|5.223872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289937|Momaak Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.262692|5.168714|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133289970|Neuropsychiatrist Special Hospital Akure]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.222413|5.219583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295553|Police Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.239703|5.205606|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295563|Life Crystal Rivers Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.260664|5.210244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295576|Citticare Global Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.280248|5.197519|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295639|Banjo Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.252939|5.185684|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295663|Aquinas College Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.241711|5.1952|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308362|Mapet Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.240328|5.200215|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308377|Basic Health Centre, Danjuma]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.247826|5.176816|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308409|Royal Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.262205|5.172814|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308417|Akinsete Hospital.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.221139|5.210227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309224|Kings Medi-Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.234428|5.221228|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133309228|Sheri hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.282685|5.200003|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133338290|Kemisola Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.257139|5.205813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133338853|Deborah Hospital and Diagnostics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.274369|5.275815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133339142|Akintan Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.272983|5.202235|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133339541|Joymax Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.281261|5.204699|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133358831|De Victory Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.244205|5.201277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133374403|DR TEEBAH MEDICAL CENTER]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.258015|5.2259|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133374426|West Health Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.255284|5.189388|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133375192|Falaye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.253371|5.192381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133375426|Idera Clinics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.233819|5.191078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133375681|Bsbalola Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.243339|5.200215|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133377141|OLUMORIN HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.267364|5.169539|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133377880|Dayspring Medical And Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.267364|5.169539|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133378225|Dac Matey Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.240596|5.196713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133380529|Orange Dental Specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]] | {{Coord|7.252532|5.213715|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134694546|Isakunmi Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.262066|5.205591|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698140|Ekan Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|5.414463|7.069932|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698149|Terebo Omowetan Hospital Ikare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.53093|5.759405|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698163|Okela Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.574451|5.739454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701739|Inland Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.637213|5.72323|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701792|Iyame Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.531416|5.757407|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701796|Jubilee Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|6.549522|3.228055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701827|Care Giver Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|6.453114|2.894878|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701850|Isoonisu Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|5.75353|5.75353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701854|Alapata Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|5.41446|7.069947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134701860|Ayoogunlade Poly Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|5.7786|5.7786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134703215|State Specialist Hospital Ikare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.528125|5.764764|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134705212|Grace Land Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|5.414264|7.069905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706884|Kolawole Clinic Ikare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.337029|4.981912|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706937|Al-Huda Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.526528|5.79072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134706979|Basic Health Centre Ugbe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.113036|4.627805|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717472|Ipori Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|6.488413|3.363072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717494|Ise Primary Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.47|5.68|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717529|Akunnu Primary Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.52|5.9|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717539|Auga Okeimole Health Post]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.45|5.95|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717557|Basic Health Centre Auga Okeigbagbo]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.46|5.96|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134717643|Ikakumo Health Post]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.55|5.98|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718063|Abimbola Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|6.820425|4.068599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718124|Jide Clinic Ikare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|6.613356|3.296671|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718136|Iku Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.518005|5.736974|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718207|Otaloke/Oketedo Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.5|5.92|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718237|Oketun/Abadara Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.5|5.74|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718261|Basic Health Centre Ilepa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.522577|5.757034|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718269|Oke Royal Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.529017|5.755611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718284|Basic Health Centre Okoja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.516687|5.745091|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718315|Basic Health Centre Okeruwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.482326|5.227271|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718325|Oyinmo Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.513477|5.745054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718347|Bola Clinic Ikare Akoko]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.52|5.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718421|Ibikunle Hospital Ikale]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|6.50402|4.768803|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718427|Ibukun Olu Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.52|5.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.5167|5.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718453|Ikare Akoko B. B. Clinic and Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.53|5.76|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718457|Ikare Akoko Frontline Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.53|5.76|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134718464|Omolola Clinic Ikare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.52|5.76|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725562|Tokunbo Basic Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.48|5.92|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725566|Adeyemi Memorial Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.100006|4.841845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725579|Ajowa Basic Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.682075|5.896131|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725599|Gedegede Basic Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.632699|5.877867|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725601|Igasi/Eriti Basic Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.728078|5.793103|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725603|Arigidi Basic Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.563136|5.776234|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725611|Ijaja-Arigidi Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.563134|5.776245|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725617|Iye Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.593309|5.749458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134725637|Agbaluku-Arigidi Basic Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.563129|5.776243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134729737|Greater Tomorrow Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.528406|5.763059|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134729828|Imo-Arigidi Basic Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá-Ìwọòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.573924|5.795628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134729854|Itoto Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.45|5.9|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134729883|Ipesi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|7.369722|5.952631|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134729914|Okua Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Òndó|Ondo State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù-Ìlàòrùn Akoko]] | {{Coord|8.011816|4.619518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101991439|Babalola Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7092211|Ondo West]]'' | {{Coord|7.094389|4.826222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456258|Creek Hospital Onikan,]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | ''[[:d:Q101959197|Onikan Health Centre]]'' | {{Coord|6.445076|3.405379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105669178|General Hospital Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.154739|6.790863|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114253384|BATHSAIDA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL AND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.12816|6.782156|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114253492|OBINWANNE HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.144318|6.831964|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114253538|RUSHGREEN MATERNITY HOSPITAL & CLINICS]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.185612|6.794402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114253548|St. Lukes Hospital Anambra]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.147987|6.781582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133294642|Rockville Hospitals limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.153634|6.777299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133294679|St. Lukes Hospital in Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.148223|6.781578|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133294700|Mezie Hospital and Maternity Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.080989|6.96586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133294713|Divine Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.203412|7.06052|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296120|St Charles Borromeo Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.143198|6.818277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296123|New Hope Hospital and Laboratory]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.146834|6.786616|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296133|Bex Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.123049|6.795337|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296185|Benedicts Memorial Hospital Onitsha.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.132626|6.77848|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296200|Azokwu Memorial Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.148543|6.80671|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133296211|Arinzechukwu Hospital & Childrens]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.154483|6.777938|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133306484|Nigeria Health Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.159856|6.779603|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133318514|Toronto hospital Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.135342|6.794746|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133366645|Venik specialist hospital and Maternity Onitsha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.150671|6.859618|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133405753|Toronto Hospital Onitsha.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.135347|6.794802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133663248|NAUTH Guinness Eye centre.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | [[Onitsha]] | {{Coord|6.154787|6.792227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133651825|General Hospital Onueke]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ebonyi|Ebonyi State]] | [[Onueke]] | {{Coord|6.169847|8.034824|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552924|Stella Obasanjo Children and Women Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7101001|Oredo]]'' | {{Coord|6.274711|5.631504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101553305|Military base hospital,Benin]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7101001|Oredo]]'' | {{Coord|6.318231|5.607717|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102064277|General Hospital Igboho]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Orelope|Orelópé]] | {{Coord|8.842806|3.75075|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552473|General Hospital Abudu]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7102189|Orhionmwon]]'' | {{Coord|6.294416|6.020345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552490|ossiomo Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7102189|Orhionmwon]]'' | {{Coord|6.285009|6.044192|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552562|Oben Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7102189|Orhionmwon]]'' | {{Coord|6.008384|5.911966|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552589|Government Hospital Urhonigbe]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7102189|Orhionmwon]]'' | {{Coord|5.983613|6.177813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102064189|General Hospital Ikoyi-Ile]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819802|Oriire]]'' | {{Coord|8.243417|4.171722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113534513|Orile Agege General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816065|orile iganmu]]'' | {{Coord|6.6288|3.3112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243350|Uwem Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Oron, Nàìjíríà|Oron]] | {{Coord|4.807395|8.237909|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552345|Temidire Primary Health Centre]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|8.387689|3.579547|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102059161|Comprehensive Health Centre Ifewara]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.461022|4.679066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061178|Iperindo Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.497389|4.823306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061203|Igila Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.573332|4.684734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061224|Inisa Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.985273|4.625775|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061232|Sokoto Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|13.033322|4.846958|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061234|Onigbogi Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.348984|4.959783|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061237|Odogbo Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|5.535185|5.964484|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061256|Ajido Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.460103|4.76095|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061375|Aguda Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|6.636203|3.348019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061452|Iyinta Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.550116|4.733291|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061507|Iwara Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.717732|4.216403|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061616|Ayetoro Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|8.004419|4.97485|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061736|Lawaye Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.620996|4.821427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102061866|Iwikun Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.559799|4.731646|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102062012|Primary Health Centre Ibodi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.353521|4.404828|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102062216|Odo-Ijesa Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.650029|4.833319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102062713|Kajola Bowaje Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.721994|4.633398|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063011|Owode Primary Heath Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.918712|4.52502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063123|Faforiji Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.283309|4.71667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063274|Itaapa Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.416017|4.762891|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063338|Temidire Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.50393|3.570564|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063530|Arowojobe Primary Health Care Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.369196|4.962606|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063665|Ayegunle-Olowu Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.524244|4.794289|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063751|Atorin Primary Hearth Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.581207|4.736423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063810|Ajebandele Primary Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.5045|4.751759|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114634919|Oloye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.76351|4.53465|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114662243|Obafemi Awolowo University Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.517722|4.526348|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115054887|Osogbo Central Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.767959|4.565887|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115470131|State Hospital, Asubiaro, Osogbo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.768479|4.547438|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115470224|Ilé. Iwosan]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.902656|4.668548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115470311|State Hospital, Ikire]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.363444|4.183767|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115470370|State Hospital, Ilesa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.633918|4.727877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115470425|State Hospital, Ila Orangun]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.965396|4.979988|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115470454|State Hospital, Ede]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.710973|4.447872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115474972|OSBC Clinic, Osun State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.780144|4.589051|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115474998|Government House Clinic, Osogbo.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.789298|4.540781|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475009|House of Assembly Clinic, Osogbo.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.741777|4.518633|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475086|Secretariat Staff Clinic, Oshogbo.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.411769|3.908115|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475107|General Hospital, Ejigbo, Osun State.]]'' | Eyi jẹ ile-iwosan ti Ipinle ni Ipinle Osun, Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.87913|4.297713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475133|General Hospital, Ijebu-Jesa, Osogbo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.691774|4.805577|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475175|General Hospital, Ipetumodu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.50325|4.444548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475207|General Hospital, Ifetedo, Osun State.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.321413|4.85248|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475217|General Hospital, Okuku, Osun State.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.911263|4.288148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475227|State Hospital, Ipetu-Jesa, Osun State.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.503179|4.881144|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475247|State Hospital, Iwo, Osun State.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.632455|4.200334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475260|State Hospital, Oke-Ogbo, Ile-Ife, Osun State.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.46944|4.579574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475280|State Hospital, Ede, Osun State.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.710973|4.447872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115475298|State Hospital, Ila Orangun, Osun State.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.965396|4.979988|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125893944|Oloyan, Erin Osun Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.829798|4.485345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125893991|AL YUSRU Islamic Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.839782|4.484613|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125894080|Oke Eran Ilobu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.847376|4.490738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126086734|Good and Mercy Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.775563|4.513599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126086772|Alive Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.786212|4.529317|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126086825|Jola-Olu Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.816382|4.527282|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126087443|Homocare Gracious Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.820463|4.583655|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126088354|Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.615504|4.734794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126088374|Oba Adenle Memorial Hospital, Ilesa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.618879|4.734034|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126088422|Olomola hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.743053|4.54732|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126088460|University health centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.744567|4.543354|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089842|Akarabata Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.486263|4.545093|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089903|Oke Ogbo Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.449462|4.601427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126092831|Solace Medicare, Modakeke Central Hospital Unit]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.471784|4.529585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126092842|Kosehunti Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.488579|4.544821|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126093001|Olunife Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.493803|4.554439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126093025|Ultimate hospital Ife]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.497858|4.569637|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126093052|Papa Oshoffa Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.515841|4.569415|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126093076|Humanity hospital Ede]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.706302|4.491065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126093114|BWB Hospital Osogbo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.782685|4.541823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126094780|Spring Hope Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.793076|4.577916|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126100122|ILE IWOSAN ALADE]]'' | ilé ìwòsan aladani ní ìlú ilobu | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.836833|4.479269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126126722|Victory Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.78269|4.541823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126726797|Wesley Guide hospital Ilesa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.61548|4.73482|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126726828|Living petals medical center Ilesa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.638432|4.756242|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133295250|Homocare Grace Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.820559|4.584002|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133485277|Life Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.734901|4.426884|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133486242|Ronbay Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.728829|4.427272|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133504095|Al-Hikmoh Maternity Home]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.727126|4.45325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133504377|Ore Ofe Hospital Ede]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|4.441226|4.441226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133504417|Olomola Hospital Alajue 1, Ede South]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|4.452795|4.452795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136795865|General Hospital Oke Ogbo Ile]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.766667|4.566667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136795910|State Hospital lkire]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.377056|4.206083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386268|Oke-Ogi Iree Health Facility]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|4.72591|4.72591|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552606|General Hospital Afuze]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7114274|Owan East]]'' | {{Coord|6.964377|6.042271|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552634|General Hospital Sabon Gida Ora]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7114275|Owan West]]'' | {{Coord|6.905409|5.935345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552757|General Hospital Uzebba]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7114275|Owan West]]'' | {{Coord|7.001845|5.913618|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30280201|Federal Medical Centre Owerri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Owerri]] | {{Coord|5.504215|7.021594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106033391|Ochiedike Diagnostic Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Owerri]] | {{Coord|5.48378|7.018332|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112739581|Federal Medical Centre, Owerri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Owerri]] | {{Coord|5.503064|7.024088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115098725|INTERNATIONAL CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY HOSPITALS]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Owerri]] | {{Coord|5.495151|7.035319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133656740|Bob memorial medical centre and specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Owerri]] | {{Coord|5.470786|7.043995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476089|Patroit Dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Owerri]] | {{Coord|5.505816|7.037038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102267675|St. Daniel's Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816180|Oworonshoki]]'' | {{Coord|6.555365|3.397309|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7894624|University College Hospital Ibadan]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]]<br/>[[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.40216|3.90221|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:UNIVERSITY COLLEDGE HOSPITAL, Ibadan 3.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q101519065|Lafia Hospital, Ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.383306|3.882611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101519122|Alafia Hospital Ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.3995|3.8885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552759|Emmanuel Alayande College of Education Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.431696|3.966452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552817|Ilé ìwòsàn Ládòkè Akíntólá]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]]<br/>[[Ògbómọ̀sọ́|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]] | {{Coord|7.778549|4.552132|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552913|General Hospital Fiditi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.717652|3.922995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552920|General Hospital Ilora]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.800956|3.903389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552927|Igbeti General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|8.737591|4.147875|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101553167|Eruwa General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.539957|3.428134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133274084|Avon Healthcare Jolamade specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.406437|3.913824|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136727795|Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.387111|3.903056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136728063|Zoe Specialist Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.355417|3.876444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136771819|General hospital moniya]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.532361|3.910889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136772262|King's Way International Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.427611|3.91275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136772267|Oni & Sons Childrens' Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.362639|3.862111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136772282|Our Lady of Apostles Catholic Hospital (Oluyoro)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.388694|3.920333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136772304|Police hospital eleyele]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.408056|3.865417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136772313|Ring Road State Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.361889|3.866639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136772349|Saint Dominic Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.391972|4.01125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136772359|St. Annes's Anglican Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.396389|3.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137243128|Anfani Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.847223|3.934805|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137249198|Baptist Hospital Oyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|7.819064|3.920925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137272796|Awe Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|3.95855|3.95855|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137272818|Ago Are General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo State]] | {{Coord|8.508875|3.418914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101825617|Patigi General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7144399|Patigi]]'' | {{Coord|8.720472|5.751389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101854491|Lade Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7144399|Patigi]]'' | {{Coord|8.754167|5.616833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122947760|Cottage Hospital Pindiga]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815550|Pindiga]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Akko]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|9.991645|10.966809|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115094329|Fertile hospital and ivf center jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.845437|8.869118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115094542|Oasis medical center jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.873098|8.872053|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115095129|Zenith Medical Center Jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.86265|8.860841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125869348|Ginza Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.921881|8.885628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126000723|Sauki hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.910366|8.882149|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130639135|Adoose Specialist Hospital, plateau]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.934507|8.885566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130639149|Focus Hospital,plateau]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.914216|8.874923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130639175|FOMAS Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.891871|8.897032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130639254|Bimma Orthopaedic Hospital and Diagnostics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.835078|8.859961|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130639362|Mercy Seat Specialist Hospital,Jos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.77486|8.850005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136734441|Vom Christian Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.896528|8.858333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136734473|Panyam Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136734529|Our Lady of Apostles and Orphanage Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.896528|8.858333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136734537|Ola Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.92975|8.884556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136734551|Langtang General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136735941|General Hospital Tunkus]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136735949|General Hospital Shendam]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136735960|General Hospital Mangu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136735971|General Hospital Deng]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136736008|General HospitalBarkin Ladi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136736162|General Hospital Angware]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136771787|Ecwa Hospital Mariri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136771797|Cottage Hospital Bokkos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136771800|Cottage Hopistal Dyerok]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.933333|8.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137785647|SUNNAH HOSPITAL. PLATEAU]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.908271|8.74218|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137785657|GOODSHEPHERD LANGTANG SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.144413|9.793667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137785664|LONGBAP MEMORIAL SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.896234|8.884104|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137785676|ACHILLES SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.817141|8.863291|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137785695|Top-Notch Medicare Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.866551|8.852667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137800948|ADVENTIST HEALTH INTERNATIONAL. JENGRE PLATEAU]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|10.244811|8.803858|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137800988|HOPE HILL SPECIALIST MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.896045|8.887283|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137801194|ABNIRA MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.218208|9.517971|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137801207|WASE COTTAGE HOPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.097898|9.963183|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137801287|GENERAL HOSPITAL, DENGI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau|Plateau State]] | {{Coord|9.370231|9.978295|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163198|Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.78028|7.01389|display=inline}} | | |- | [[University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.89944|6.92861|display=inline}} | | |- | [[Ile-iwosan ologun, Port Harcourt]] | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.826667|7.003056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105390|Datta Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.83975|7.044083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102134288|Life Forte Specialist Hospital Ltd.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.817694|6.954056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102146399|First Dominion Mandate Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.957417|7.005889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105998967|Newyou Wellness Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.834841|7.02111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185647|SEASIDE SPECIALIST SURGERY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.76119|7.024667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125732479|Kariden Diabetes and Endocrine Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.828847|7.004896|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125732693|Shield Specialists Hospital | Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.81731|7.05109|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125732751|SAVEALIFE MISSION HOSPITAL - hip & knee replacement surgery, spine surgery, kidney transplant, IVF center, heart surgery]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.829113|7.019726|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125732829|Valentine Hospital - Port-Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.782059|7.008718|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125733107|Salem Hospital port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.875792|7.134651|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125733408|Ridcol Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.804178|7.000463|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125745106|Princess Medical Center Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.808604|7.018604|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125745756|Precious Life Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.855798|6.985562|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125745852|PALMARS Hospital Limited (Laparoscopy, ICU and Dialysis Centre)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.811561|6.981069|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125750091|Jeconiah Children Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.8156|7.0498|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125750429|Hopeville Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.889377|7.013328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125750543|Hilton clinics Adageorge Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.830186|6.975326|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125750626|Higgwe Memorial Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.866177|6.965487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125750668|Halten Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.82|7.03|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125751182|Golden Hands Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.86357|6.98275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125801187|El-Joedam Specialist Clinics Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.850209|6.969407|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125801289|El-Bene Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.82447|6.97467|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125801326|Destiny Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|6.989514|4.797704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125801376|Daily Spring Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|7.006341|4.789557|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125801412|Chris The King Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|5.13382|7.35546|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125801430|C.Bennett Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.822382|6.97216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125801470|Calvary Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.83162|6.991682|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130458717|Mary Land Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.860801|7.057043|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130527760|Maryland Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]]<br/>''[[:d:Q118875845|Rumuokwurusi]]'' | {{Coord|4.860825|7.057052|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130551550|Providence Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.8465|6.9734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130551558|The Riverside Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.815|7.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130551562|Teme Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.83|7.04|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130551619|Tucn Industrial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.82|7.03|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130551628|Gafe Eye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.756203|7.038888|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130563922|Naval Medical Centre, Port Harcourt, Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.742139|7.038039|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130593040|Acron Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.822218|7.016456|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133698515|Nobsam Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.828878|7.036699|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133820482|GoodHeart Medical Consultants Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.819898|7.000442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133820564|Alma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.812532|7.008739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476033|Sterling Dental Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.81229|7.060103|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476099|Blossom Dental service]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.847843|7.066533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476116|Bestsmile dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.796267|7.0057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476435|St. Martins Hospital Dental Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.824092|7.015657|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102076558|Potiskum Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Potiskum]] | {{Coord|11.70725|11.081722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136804444|General Hospital Potiskum]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Potiskum]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.709115|11.069455|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101947290|General Hospital Kagara]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819646|Rafi]]'' | {{Coord|10.191694|6.258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18343933|Meridian Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.80056|6.99861|display=inline}} | | |- | [[Kelsey Harrison Hospital]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.78944|6.99278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18393938|Rehoboth Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.79556|6.99972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102148486|Clean Springs Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.822972|7.050139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170049|Ansett Diagnostic Hospital Limited]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.815587|7.049843|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185550|OFURE SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.834|7.0153|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959617|Meridian Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.800556|6.998611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125959744|Harryland Hospitals Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.748152|7.04019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126202357|Fountain Hospital and Maternity Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.802475|6.991857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126202403|Fountain Blue Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.833371|6.975862|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126202433|Getwell Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.847256|6.974549|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126202679|St Catherine's Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.820055|7.051633|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126202717|Nedal Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.835254|7.02572|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126204465|Lift Care Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.810777|7.00439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126207459|Eli Johnson Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.845704|7.053225|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126207617|Soldua Specialist Hospital Ltd., Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.817229|7.051731|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126208669|Alphonso Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.828093|7.067295|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126208762|LICONIC SPECIALISTS HOSPITAL (Formerly Safe Motherhood Specialist Hospital)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.848043|7.054915|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126208998|Marina Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.797508|7.013993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126209291|Dr Solution Cottage Specialist Hospital Ltd Rumuosi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.880957|6.941471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210468|Erlings Children's Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.865092|6.973682|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210487|St Felicia Medical Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.894154|6.991827|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210503|Sophia Clinic Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.842585|7.040716|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210538|Braitwait Memorial Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.784321|7.010371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126210603|Lushgreen Medical Center Port Harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Port Harcourt]] | {{Coord|4.794085|7.0334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130493397|General Hospital Abua]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|6.65089|4.85403|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130504059|Emelego Health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.821|6.513|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130544329|Channels Clinic & Hospital Nig. Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|5.414349|7.06987|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130544373|Delta Specialist Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.472246|7.177375|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130544402|St. Peters Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.453624|7.186291|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130563630|Divine ụlọ ọrụ ahụike dị na Naịjiria Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Oyigbo|Oyigbo]] | {{Coord|9.242363|7.082063|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130570669|Calvary Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obio-Akpor]] | {{Coord|4.831597|6.991657|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476075|Whyteville Dental Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.835171|7.0165|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137045658|Model Primary Health Center, Rumuepirikom]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Obio-Akpor]] | {{Coord|4.83|6.99|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137362637|ULTIMATE SPECIALIST CLINIC & HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.79127|7.052855|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137366878|RNZ Occupational Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.815629|7.049795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137592492|OLUNWA MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.799287|7.032689|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137592654|ANCHOR HOSPITAL RIVER STATE, NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.856883|7.074268|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137592668|PRINCESS MEDICAL CENTRE RIVERS STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.806427|7.022702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137592776|EBONY HOSPITAL RIVERS STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.834892|6.994307|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137592836|UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT TEACHING HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.915473|6.900211|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137592980|RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.778396|7.014134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137593216|VITA MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.758592|7.076488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137593245|CHRIST THE KING HOSPITAL, RIVERS STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.839266|7.041079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137593258|TEME HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.784483|6.823877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595080|TRIUMPH HOSPITAL RIVERS STATE. NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.82|7.03|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595088|SONABEL MEDICAL CENTR-ERUMUEME]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.829888|6.990259|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595457|ST. CATHERINES SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.820106|7.052167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595494|ST. PATRICK HOSPITAL, Rivers state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.81|7.02|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595523|MOUNT HERMON MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.83|7.04|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595543|MORNING STAR HOSPITAL. Rivers state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.801888|7.005181|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595650|WOJI COTTAGE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.8601|7.0544|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595722|PALMERS HOSPITALAND MAT. HOME]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.81308|6.984799|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595738|ST. MARTINS HOSPITAL, Rivers state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.814224|7.068687|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595747|PAMO CLINICSAND HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.839741|7.026165|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595757|BOSOM HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.804763|7.021256|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595785|NIGERIA CUSTOMS SERVICE MEDICAL CENTRE. Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.82|7.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595802|NIGERIA CUSTOMS SERVICE CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.82|7.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137595831|MILITARY HOSPITAL, PORTHARCOURT]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.827636|7.006529|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137596096|97 SOG MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.81|7.03|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137596122|COTTAGE HOSPITAL/COMPREHENSIVP]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.8|7.02|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137596142|NAVY MEDICAL CENTRE - BOROKIN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.816079|7.051553|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137596371|ELI JOHNSON SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.845739|7.05306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137599331|HEALTH FOUNTAINS HOSPITAL . NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.872844|6.935152|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137599356|ATINU CRITICAL CARE HOSPITAL. Rivers state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.827782|7.085947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137599368|SYLVERLENE CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.82|7.04|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137599383|BETHSAIDA CLINIC AND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.87592|7.127154|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137599399|GBEYE CLINICAND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.833761|6.972603|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137599414|LIFE CLINICS MEDICAL CENTRE, RIVERS STATE. NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.83|7.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137599501|NOBLE MEDICAL CONSULTANTS & FERTILITY HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.859448|6.96789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137599541|HEALTH OF THE SICK HOSPITAL. RIVERS STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.80128|7.020782|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137601688|SHAMMAR CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.82236|7.062316|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137601702|SPRING ROSE HOSPITAL. RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.871146|6.992665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137601713|MINA'S UROLOGICAL/SPECIALIST HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.89649|6.994913|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137601773|SAVEA LIFE MISSION HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.830838|7.023327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137601804|FAMO CLINICS . RIVERS STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.792852|7.113028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137601907|SUCCESS LIFE SPECIALIST CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.814479|6.982214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137601928|RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | {{Coord|4.797337|6.976804|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321614|AB Health Consortium Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321677|Acron Medical Consultants]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321753|Bosom Hospital and Physiotherapy –]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321777|Caprin Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321799|Castle Clinic Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321847|CIMS Medical Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321878|Cumi Medical Centre Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140321922|Datta Medical Centre Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322088|Ebony Hospitals Ltd Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322110|Eddy Medical Centre Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322124|Estee Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322228|Harley Clinic Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322257|Harryland Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322284|Hilton Clinics Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322327|International SOS Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322402|Krisany Medical Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322469|Mercyland Specialist Hospital Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322488|Meridian Hospital Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322523|New Mile One Hospital Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322542|New Orlins Clinic Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322567|NPA Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322586|NOBSAMS Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322608|Olunwa Medical Centre Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322620|Medical Centre Onne]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322644|Palmers Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322655|Ponyx Hospitals Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322683|Precious Life Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322737|Rivon Clinic Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322797|Save a Life Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322813|Sonabel Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322842|Sophike Medical centre Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140322859|St. Martins Hospital Port harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323007|St. Catherine’s Specialist Hospital Ltd Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323183|St. Patrick’s Hospital Port harcourt]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323217|Stevenson Medicare Limited Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323257|Teme Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323284|The Riverside Clinic Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323313|The Shield Specialists Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140323356|Tobis Clinic & Consultants]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329785|Valentine Hospital Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329788|Westhill Hospital Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329794|Woji Cottage Hospital Rivers State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Rivers State]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185491|NEW ORLEANS CLINIC RUMUOMASI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59816700|Rumuomasi]]'' | {{Coord|4.83896|7.030092|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24185302|Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.849042|3.653129|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175316|Owokoniran Memorial Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.852421|3.62993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175595|Medytop Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.844571|3.634931|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102176258|Imperial Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.849293|3.644596|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102176341|Ayotola Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.843498|3.640197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102176390|Martins Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.833751|3.640902|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102177061|Idera Hospital& Trauma Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.859038|3.642309|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178885|Alpha Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.835751|3.647929|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114187102|AYOTOLA MEDICAL SERVICES LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|7.135769|3.336347|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133457074|Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital*: Located in Sagamu, offering specialized medical]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | [[Sagamu]] | {{Coord|6.849257|3.653087|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122955791|Musaba Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815554|Shamaki]]''<br/>[[Gòmbè]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]] | {{Coord|10.309175|11.147557|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123351566|Malam Inna Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815554|Shamaki]]''<br/>[[Gòmbè]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.309777|11.177654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123364835|Kagarawal Primry Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815554|Shamaki]]''<br/>[[Gòmbè]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|10.302672|11.19666|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456553|Mercy Stripes Specialist Hospital 30 Philip Taiwo Street Coker Estate Shasha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | ''[[:d:Q131949219|Shasha]]'' | {{Coord|6.574622|3.304661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60178548|Shepherd Specialist Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]]<br/>''[[:d:Q60178044|Mabera]]'' | {{Coord|13.03345|5.249371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967843|Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Kware]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.208401|5.263995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185362|SAHEL SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.008777|5.254551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125952346|Bankanu hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.24744|5.237113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126183156|Binji General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.222312|4.911391|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126190634|School of Nursing and Midwifery, UDUTH]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]]<br/>[[Sókótó]] | {{Coord|13.039052|5.225332|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573251|Saraki Specialist Hospital Sokoto]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.030032|5.244318|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573382|Caliphate Multi - Specialty Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.042791|5.235825|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573391|Freehand Specialist Hospital Sokoto]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.035622|5.251107|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573398|Karaye Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.050958|5.233831|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573435|NOMA Children Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.067329|5.215327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573449|8 Division Hospital Sokoto]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.005874|5.247576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133573646|B & J Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.069083|5.217003|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575500|General Hospital Goronyo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.442304|5.675914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133576106|IFFAH HOSPITAL SOKOTO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.037993|5.249186|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133576134|General Hospital Wurno]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.295385|5.416679|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133576182|Sokoto Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.059868|5.218165|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133576208|Tambuwal General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|12.407162|4.641234|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133576242|Tangaza General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.364839|4.947471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133576323|Fatima Yahaya Hospital Sifawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.033032|5.224919|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133637251|Citi Premier Mother And Child Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.064343|5.219241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133640172|Trauma Centre, UDUTH]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.036132|5.223939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133641388|Egyptian pyramid hospital sokoto]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.009686|5.237045|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133694624|Avon Healthcare Sahel Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.050593|5.232389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133696436|AN-NISAH HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.028707|5.240012|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133696461|Illela General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.730822|5.308969|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133696498|HUSAINI MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.041467|5.233594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133696508|Bodinga General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|12.876107|5.171929|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133697574|Mabera Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.030048|5.251934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133697680|Alumma Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.04348|5.255005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133734288|Health Facility Ranganda]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.353905|5.234533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133742624|Royal Dental Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.114469|5.203909|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133800902|Achida Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.165727|5.394635|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133801074|MOPD Children Ward, Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.051538|5.245558|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133801142|Tureta General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|12.594024|5.550108|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133801157|Minjirya Healthcare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.043388|5.234159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133802529|Dingyadi Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|12.922517|5.125844|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133802538|Citi Premier Mother And Children hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.005881|5.2476|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133802548|Holy Family Mother and Child Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.051846|5.216379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133803796|Dogon Daji General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|12.471011|4.800066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133804047|Alshifa clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|12.990303|5.206628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133804123|Gada General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.758117|5.647849|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133804148|General Hospital, Gwadabawa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.350322|5.234416|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133804370|Liberty Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|12.999158|5.236831|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133806022|Gidan Yaraba hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.679919|5.508444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133806051|Royal Hospital Sokoto]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.005886|5.247599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133806081|Orthopaedic Hospital Wamakko]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.036737|5.09449|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136666464|Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.03897|5.226511|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136726289|General Hospital Rabah]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.123194|5.505111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136726462|Amanawa General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.066694|5.233333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777895|USMAN DANFODIO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSIPTAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.03898|5.226516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137777947|ASHMED SPECIALIST HOSPITAL,SOKOTO]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sokoto|Sokoto State]] | {{Coord|13.011762|5.237536|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112842059|General Hospital Ijede]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q30599791|South West]]'' | {{Coord|6.564901|3.596614|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552398|General Hospital Suleja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Suleja]] | {{Coord|9.190573|7.177497|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101946238|General Hospital Suleja]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Suleja]] | {{Coord|9.197757|7.174384|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197478|Jem Dental Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Suleja]] | {{Coord|9.193535|7.179998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197560|Fary Group Clinics]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Suleja]] | {{Coord|9.190863|7.191742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102197753|Berith Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Suleja]] | {{Coord|9.207046|7.173382|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114187435|OPTIMAL FAMILY MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Suleja]] | {{Coord|6.661561|3.25773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114937768|NENE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sápẹ́lẹ́]] | {{Coord|6.598997|3.353742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30254111|Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sókótó]] | {{Coord|13.127457|5.204623|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102076655|Hamdala Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sókótó]] | {{Coord|13.05125|5.234806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102076945|Caliphate Multispecialty Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sókótó]] | {{Coord|13.042917|5.2365|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131870248|Lafiya Clinic And Health Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Sókótó]] | {{Coord|13.025583|5.238605|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245194|Uwemedimo Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.49292|3.348924|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245513|Topaz Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.513568|3.35638|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270784|Rophe Dental Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.491923|3.35643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105682085|Havanah Specialist Hospital Ltd, Surulere]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.504225|3.359118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113516778|Havana Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.503099|3.359311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113516974|Happy Family Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.5038|3.35734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133454948|Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.517762|3.353753|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575162|The Eko Hosital, Surulere, Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.505478|3.354571|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101547228|General Hospital Iresa-Adu]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Surulere, Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Súrùlérè, Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́]] | {{Coord|8.102809|4.43329|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109733323|General Hospital, Takum]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|7.242984|9.971262|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967763|Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.893149|11.377064|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133520172|Taraba State Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.892871|11.377166|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133530634|Pantisawa Referral Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.946387|11.505215|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133530639|Cottage Hospital,Mutum biyu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.643934|10.77519|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539085|General Hospital Roundabout]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|7.930329|9.81251|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539094|Gwaton Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|9.352392|11.048228|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539099|RUFKATU DANJUMA MATERNITY HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|7.239794|9.998367|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539103|Elyon Hospital Abbare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|9.255209|11.61818|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539265|Bambur General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|9.367431|11.07|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724098|Haruna Tsokwa Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724107|General Hospital Warwar]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724119|Gembu General Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|6.715417|11.249028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724124|First Refferral Hospital Gashaka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724135|First Refferral Hospital Baissa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724146|First Referral Hospital Ibi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724181|First Referal Hospital Sunkani]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724187|First Referal Hospital Dorofi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724737|First Referal Hospital Dananacha]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724749|Cottage Hospital Lau]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724754|Bali General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.441611|11.112194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136724774|Alfa Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.366694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261291|Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, Taraba State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Taraba|Taraba State]] | {{Coord|8.899206|11.3678|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114926233|DANEX MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ugep]] | {{Coord|5.798701|8.075951|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114938014|UFOR HOSPITAL, DELTA STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ughelli]] | {{Coord|5.99974|5.99974|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552815|Egba District Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59819105|Uhunmwode]]'' | {{Coord|6.495932|5.750078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30280200|Federal Medical Centre Umuahia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Umuahia]] | {{Coord|5.522405|7.49386|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967844|Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Umuahia]] | {{Coord|5.612818|7.510202|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114235436|AMARA JANE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Umuahia]] | {{Coord|5.515478|7.514108|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114235578|NEW ERA HOSPITAL UMUAHIA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Umuahia]] | {{Coord|5.541043|7.50065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114235704|OBIOMA HOSPITAL UMUAHIA, ABIA STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Umuahia]] | {{Coord|5.527132|7.496441|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114235805|Uche Medicare Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Umuahia]] | {{Coord|5.127218|7.365134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133646460|Madonna Clatholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia State]] | [[Umuahia]] | {{Coord|5.498072|7.485745|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133297681|Agu ndu hospital-umuenechi awka]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q121410576|Umuenechi village]]'' | {{Coord|6.206533|7.035409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133329151|Beatrice Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | ''[[:d:Q7881855|Umunya]]'' | {{Coord|6.15|6.99|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133329495|Umunya comprehensive health center (NAUTH)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra State]] | ''[[:d:Q7881855|Umunya]]'' | {{Coord|6.208678|6.911078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105702983|Oriaifo Medical Centre Uromi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uromi]] | {{Coord|6.709896|6.333191|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115023609|ST. CAMILLUS HOSPITAL, EDO STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uromi]] | {{Coord|6.730852|6.3312|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30254141|University of Uyo Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uyo]] | {{Coord|5.01165|7.859527|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q39047154|Ibom Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uyo]] | {{Coord|5.049412|7.88266|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102076509|Mainland Clinic And Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59818804|Uyo]]'' | {{Coord|5.020194|7.921611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105716713|St. Lukes Hospital, anua]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uyo]] | {{Coord|5.028706|7.942748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243453|Dammy Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uyo]] | {{Coord|5.024575|7.916446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243472|NEDEKE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uyo]] | {{Coord|5.025467|7.955634|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243508|ST. ANTHANASIUS HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uyo]] | {{Coord|5.024253|7.913886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243544|UBONG ABASI SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Uyo]] | {{Coord|5.019547|7.886623|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113494969|Blajeh Mustapha Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q2522772|Victoria Island]]'' | {{Coord|6.450949|3.405634|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113531176|Divine Dental Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q158129|Victoria Island]]'' | {{Coord|6.424524|3.441343|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113538502|Hephzibah Eye Care]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q2522772|Victoria Island]]'' | {{Coord|6.552042|3.645465|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105682598|Lily Hospital Warri]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]] | {{Coord|5.52717|5.764924|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114938365|LONIA HOSPITAL, WARRI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.498512|5.799649|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114938986|SAGE CLINIC, WARRI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]] | {{Coord|5.557504|5.792839|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114939662|TWINS CLINIC/HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]] | {{Coord|5.52625|5.762602|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114939776|VERTIMON CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]] | {{Coord|5.510184|5.766955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114939858|VICAH CLINICS/ HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]] | {{Coord|5.529813|5.75063|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114939912|VICTORY CLINIC, WARRI]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]] | {{Coord|5.52|5.76|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133582288|Reka Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|Delta State]] | {{Coord|5.550423|5.831093|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133730426|Pinnacles Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Warri]] | {{Coord|5.54943|5.766851|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185104|WARITOMA/RAHILA HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Wukari]] | {{Coord|8.9|11.35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132200585|Federal University Teaching Hospital Wukari]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q15043630|Wukari Federation]]'' | {{Coord|7.873738|9.760899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956217|Kapital Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815530|Wuse]]'' | {{Coord|9.072048|7.453889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105958392|Sami Wadata Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815530|Wuse]]'' | {{Coord|9.079056|7.470865|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024674|ST.CATHERINES SPECIALIST HOSPITAL HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815530|Wuse]]'' | {{Coord|4.820028|7.051595|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115065911|Queens clinic wuse]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q59815530|Wuse]]'' | {{Coord|9.071893|7.462341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101587010|Ife Olukotun General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q8046693|Yagba east]]'' | {{Coord|7.915197|5.770685|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101586554|Odo-Ere General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q8046694|Yagba West]]'' | {{Coord|8.222833|5.552083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105660159|Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.938265|6.266896|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105702864|Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri]]'' | ile iwosan ni Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|5.033119|6.31699|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114286259|ASUEIFAI CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.936944|6.315959|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114286740|CREST CONSULTANT CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.951457|6.349269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114288178|EVERLY MEDICAL CENTRE, BAYELSA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.942585|6.32032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131901274|Yenagoa Hospital and Martenity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.919965|6.310772|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131901276|Frank West Specialist Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.932636|6.282306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131901303|Mc Etelly Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.91|6.1|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131901304|Hoffman & Bright Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.924722|6.264167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131901396|Palen Clinic And Maternity hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.935|6.305833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131901402|Ripus Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.932309|6.282152|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131902721|Gilead Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.951473|6.349205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131902775|Grand Care Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.921338|6.274752|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131902838|Glory Land Hospital Inri Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.943419|6.347417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903316|Kuro Specialist Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.928119|6.301364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903318|Mieye Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.949739|6.338241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903319|Hephzibah Nursing And Maternity Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.924722|6.264167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903936|Crest Consultant Clinic Epie III 6, Yenagoa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|6.31297|6.31297|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903942|Chansmy Hospital And Maternity Ltd Epie III 6, Yenagoa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.924722|6.264167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131903943|Ark Hospital Epie III 6, Yenagoa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yenagoa]] | {{Coord|4.922393|6.305167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109735548|General Sani Abacha State Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.729666|11.95654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114184701|FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE YOBE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|12.881314|10.447514|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124328708|Yobe State University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.738376|11.92214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131161131|Karmashe Primary Health Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Karasuwa]] | {{Coord|13.065187|9.975515|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134588252|Ultramodern Hospital, Damaturu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.754764|11.959792|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135683943|Yobe State Specialist Hospital Potiskum]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.709117|11.069467|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Yobe State Specialist Hospital Potiskum 2.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136709474|Potiskum General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.722306|11.069278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136709536|General Hospital Fika]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.744389|11.961111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136721651|General hospital Damagum]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.744389|11.961111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136721714|General hospital buniyadi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]] | {{Coord|11.744389|11.961111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136804445|General hospital Potiskum]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe|Yobe State]]<br/>[[Potiskum]] | {{Coord|11.709272|11.069439|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243211|ADAMAWA HOSPITAL, YOLA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yola]] | {{Coord|9.212889|12.471668|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243220|Freedom Poly Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yola]] | {{Coord|6.535176|2.976545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243227|GAL-BOSE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yola]] | {{Coord|9.209483|12.478208|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243242|Matco Clinic, Adamawa]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yola]] | {{Coord|9.24057|12.453889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114243258|Peace Clinic Limited]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Yola]] | {{Coord|9.272924|12.444178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109735642|Federal Medical Center, Gusau]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]] | {{Coord|12.184055|6.687129|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115051691|Poly Medical & Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]] | {{Coord|12.163083|6.674461|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128859399|Maduba Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.761456|6.639408|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134675681|Yanbuiki Primary Health Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.823046|6.661555|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134679152|Dada Health Post Zurmi, Zamfara]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.80716|6.742869|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134680354|Kadamotsa Health Post Zurmi, Zamfara State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.77384|6.697156|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134680438|Nasarawa Family Support Health Post Zurmi, Zamfara State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.787947|6.774683|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134682208|Boko Primary Health Care Centre Zurmi, Zamfara State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.766488|6.456703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134683264|Dumama health post Zurmi, Zamfara State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.767512|6.462798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134690543|Dumfawa Primary Health Clinic Zurmi, Zamfara State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.766845|6.551148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134690621|Gidan Dan Zara health Post]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|11.961537|8.607708|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134690730|Jaya Health P0st]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.803514|6.494413|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134698370|Birnin Tsaba Primary Health Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.673864|6.81518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134700157|Dauran Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Zurmi]] | {{Coord|12.72578|6.733438|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136708908|General hospital Tsafe]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]] | {{Coord|12.15|6.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136708923|Talata Mafara General hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]] | {{Coord|12.162806|6.6745|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136709046|General Hospital Magami]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]] | {{Coord|12.15|6.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136709176|General Hospital Farida]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara|Zamfara State]] | {{Coord|12.15|6.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30254204|Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q33525477|Zaria]]'' | {{Coord|11.1762|7.60466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133453514|Ahamfu Bello Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna State]] | ''[[:d:Q132189161|Zaria Kaličanin]]'' | {{Coord|10.544172|7.432886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6973410|National Hospital]]'' | ile iwosan ni Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.039972|7.46225|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:National Hospital Abuja.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q30281518|University of Abuja Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.954228|7.061495|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102198683|Life Point Medical Centre-Maraba]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|13.056403|7.797665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105587949|108 Nigerian Air Force Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|6.445705|3.405842|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105756053|State House Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.086369|7.520829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105758277|Federal Health Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.086435|7.482445|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105839700|Primus Super Speciality Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.007322|7.566976|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105903848|Living Spice Nature Cure Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.160898|7.310464|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105956463|Charitos BO Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.090005|7.378419|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109723074|Zankli Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.078117|7.452099|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112075419|Nizamiye Hospital]]'' | ile iwosan ni Abuja, Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.059498|7.390738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112076035|DEDA Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.10129|7.450547|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112076271|Federal Medical Center Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.014865|7.408026|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112078670|Garki Hospital Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.033859|7.484956|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.045758|7.495253|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114958021|DIFF Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.993497|7.473462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114966719|International Cancer Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.998624|7.403817|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:International Cancer Center.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q114979398|Mary Francis Hospital and Medical Center Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.997174|7.371895|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Mary Francis Hospital and Medical Center Limited.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024595|EFAB MEDICAL CENTER, ABUJA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.060693|7.395926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115053178|Agape biomedical clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.893538|7.223086|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115063658|Queen Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.987138|7.492505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115082897|El-rapha hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.08106|7.398405|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115660621|SUMIT HOSPITAL LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.285578|7.378634|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123472556|MEV Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.074365|7.486493|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123472569|ROYAL SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.040078|7.504224|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123474926|G and S Specialist Clinics]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.105122|7.488503|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123474938|Zeco Specialist HOSPITAL]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.08613|7.497138|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123474979|Cornerstone Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.062493|7.475228|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123475021|Cymbals Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.069915|7.45633|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123475115|IDUNA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.079563|7.461015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123475139|Althea Specialty Clinics]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.08126|7.462565|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123475152|Sauki Private Hospitals]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.071235|7.457597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123478417|ASFA Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.135148|7.396523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123482945|Lona Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.076647|7.398536|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123485576|Phildemore specialist hospital]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.07669|7.3986|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123485616|Cedarcrest Hospitals Ltd]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.994175|7.486311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123485671|Park House Specialist Clinic]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.973741|7.48888|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125961507|Bwari General Hospital, Bwari, Abuja, FCT]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.281125|7.384984|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126041920|Green Acres Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.984941|7.446373|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126042007|Alabi_Paediatrician Cedarcrest hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.99272|7.487042|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126042127|Vinette Hospital Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.018524|7.490414|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126042256|Medimax Hospital Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.021008|7.484773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126042365|Aliance hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.021008|7.484773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126069087|Preferred Hospital - Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.056273|7.40195|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126069251|JOWAKO SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.055976|7.41191|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126199281|General Hospital Kubwa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6441355|Kubwa Community in Abuja]]'' | {{Coord|9.157435|7.340521|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464131|Angelic Care Hospital and Maternity Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.031105|7.486787|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464163|Defense Headquarters Medical Centre Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.046933|7.540713|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464183|Dia Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.076498|7.398597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464191|Advance Videoscopic Laparascopic Surgical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.030006|7.522336|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464212|7 Guards Battalion Medical Reception Station Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.09549|7.51115|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130478344|Cedarcrest Hospital Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.99287|7.487148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131838923|Charis Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.018699|7.490335|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133274250|Brain and Spine Surgery hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.0871|7.472198|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133274307|Supreme Dermatology and Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.967562|7.502362|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133519123|Reliance Family Clinics, Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.073896|7.454576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133519436|Abiodun Falade Hospitals Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.120913|7.37711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133519567|Eastern & Western Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.071881|7.428466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133519839|Vinca Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.159829|7.310407|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133519930|Taprobane Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.06701|7.414791|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133520068|Sahad Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.978067|7.501997|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133520115|Providence Multi-Specialty Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.05465|7.527471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133521714|First Hospital & Maternity Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|7.563721|7.563721|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133522206|Baze University Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.008638|7.403214|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Baze.university Aerial view (drone shot) 12.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q133522251|Dover Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.069126|7.456627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133523192|Tahira Hospital & Heart Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.136795|7.359922|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133537210|Zhahir Hospital & Diagnostics Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.081261|7.456764|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133537821|Royal Orthopedic Hospital and Medicare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.069963|7.457919|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133538277|The Limi Children's Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.070975|7.486672|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133538413|Skipper Eye-Q Indian Eye Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.055918|7.525094|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133546417|Army Command and NAOWA Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.085879|7.52708|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133567976|Muhammadu Buhari hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.044283|7.506491|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133568055|Childcare and Wellness Clinics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.07686|7.440444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133568530|Avon Healthcare Sauki Private Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]]<br/>[[Agbègbè Olú-ìlú Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ Nàíjíríà]] | {{Coord|9.071325|7.457552|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133569164|Amana Medical Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.034516|7.489656|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133569464|Sana Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Clinics]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.000757|7.494239|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575094|Queens specialist hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.987282|7.492542|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133698470|Diff Hospita;]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.992488|7.47407|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133755132|Royal Specialist Hospital - Abuja]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.091445|7.451574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137045015|Excel Medical Center Abuja]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.012146|7.436356|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137351804|Grace of God Specialist Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849039|GWARIMPA GENERAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.077257|7.39851|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849047|SYBRON MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.045128|7.510096|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849063|PAN-RAF HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.12026|7.386751|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849256|JALINGO MEDICAL CLINIC]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849272|DEVINE MERCY HOSPITAL & DIAGNOSIS]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849330|KINGS CARE HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849787|PISON HOSPITAL. Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137850083|ROYAL LORDS HOSPITAL, CLINICSAN]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137850314|STANDARD CARE HOSPITAL & MATERNITY. Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137850637|ASHER HOSPITALAND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137851249|KWALI GENERAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137851291|GENERAL HOSPITAL - KARSHI- FCT]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137851316|RUZ MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.015551|7.490443|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137910751|ROUZ HOSPITALAND MATERNITY LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137910773|FEREPROD MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137910806|ALPHA-ZED MEDICAL CLINIC LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137910826|KUJE PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137911002|LIMI HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137911096|BIO-ROYAL HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137911118|HOLY TRINITY HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137911414|DIAMOND MEDICAL CENTRE LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137911433|SAVANNAH HOSPITALS LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137946899|KINECTIC HOSPITAL LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137946907|ALIBU MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137947564|JERAB HOSPITALS]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003454|DSS MEDICAL CENTRE.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003464|GUARDS BRIGADE MED. CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003475|CITY HOSPITAL FCT]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003530|SAFFRON HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003787|THE CROWN HOSPITAL LTD.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003802|RAINBOW CLINIC AND MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003820|EVERLASTING CARE HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003833|MICHEAL CROSS SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003871|ST MARY CATHOLIC HOSPITAL. GWAGWALADA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003947|SOPHY HOSPITAL & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138003959|KUJE GENERAL HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.053457|7.499381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139618895|Novacrest Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|8.951625|7.077353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139857439|NAOWA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | {{Coord|9.085595|7.526938|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140312830|ADONAI HOSPITAL,GARKI, ABUJA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329917|King’s Care Hospital Limited Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140329929|Sauki Private Hospital Abuja]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àbújá]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173528|Newday Medical Centre Akure]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.265496|5.216179|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105755819|Akure State Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.24337|5.194093|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114186465|ADEDEWE OKURIBOYE HOSPITAL]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.118774|5.108975|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118592035|Crow Hospital Akure]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|8.22538|4.997609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118607208|Abitoye Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.259733|5.168968|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118609050|Midas Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.262347|5.203858|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118609895|Mother and Child Hospital - Akure]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.24044|5.18341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118631479|St. David's Hospital, Akure]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.337944|5.171885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118683574|Sijuwade Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Àkúrẹ́]] | {{Coord|7.25|5.195|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102064815|Dental Centre Ogbomoso]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Àríwá Ogbomosho|Àríwá Ògbómọ̀shọ́]] | {{Coord|8.159361|4.258694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17109134|Lagos University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]]<br/>[[Surulere|Súrùlérè]] | {{Coord|6.5189|3.3555|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Nurse checking triplets.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q19874986|Lagos Island General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.44741|3.39657|display=inline}} | | |- | [[Lagoon Hospitals]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.445945|3.437407|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Lagoon Hospital Gate, Ikeja.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | [[Reddington Hospital]] | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Èkó]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2522772|Victoria Island]]'' | {{Coord|6.433562|3.420639|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|6.433084|3.420798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20707309|Creek Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]]<br/>[[Lagos Island]] | {{Coord|6.443639|3.408403|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Military hospital, Lagos.webp|center|128px]] | |- | [[National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi|National Orthopaedic Hospital]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.53123|3.370184|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:National Orthopedic Hospital, Igbobi.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | [[Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba]] | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]]<br/>[[Yaba]] | {{Coord|6.505432|3.373566|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | [[Gbagada General Hospital]] | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.55256|3.3871|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Gbagada General Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552922|Agbowa General hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.636444|3.7145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105799584|Emel Hospital, Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.476248|3.289612|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105902787|Godfrey Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.48205|3.304137|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112077104|General Hospital Ikorodu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.608751|3.498843|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112077133|Badagry General Hospital Lagos State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.615125|3.539234|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113489595|Fuja Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.459104|3.381723|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113489657|TMS Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.458539|3.38463|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113489725|Morsun Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.444653|3.402587|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113493139|Sinai Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.445884|3.403714|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113493279|Sura Primary Health center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.454879|3.405568|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113493368|The Health Arena Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.448844|3.404297|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113493547|The Foresight Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.450988|3.405659|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113495082|Ayo - Ade Oshin Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.450069|3.402955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113495183|Ribway Polyclinic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.450069|3.402955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113497283|Dunamis Eye Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.452611|3.402276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113497381|General Hospital,Odan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.447497|3.397218|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113497455|Unique Health Trust Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.455962|3.399406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113499517|Cottage Medical Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.456134|3.395337|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113500230|Fehintola Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.454214|3.39333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113503317|Mayowa Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.454767|3.393974|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113503340|City Angels Health Medicare Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.452327|3.393194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113530316|Reddington Hospital & Cardiac Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.58696|3.357871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113530657|Dr Abimbola Awoliyi Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.61021|3.35436|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113530688|Ocuville Eye Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.57916|3.387492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113531196|Nimbus Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.49125|3.334055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113539838|Afrimed Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.453734|3.387699|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113553938|Judors Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.45306|3.39583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125847766|Mascot Healthcare Clinic Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.528157|3.385703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125847873|Krown Hospital Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.612365|3.301823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125848181|Arubah Family Medical Centre Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.44142|3.515281|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125859128|Shepherd Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.589454|3.361834|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125859166|St. Joseph's Physiotherapy Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.455384|3.473121|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125859201|Maryiam Ville Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.488365|3.360441|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125859324|Blue Cross Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.631943|3.340397|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125859761|Mercy Stripes Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.574545|3.303722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131177472|Bayo Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, Nàìjíríà. | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.432843|2.962627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131835966|New Ikeja Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.603716|3.347067|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133461524|Euracare Mutli-Specialist Hospital, Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.426823|3.436712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539005|Cedar Crest Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|8.992722|7.487068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133539095|The Eko Hosital, Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.587822|3.357677|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133698259|Kyutis Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.443398|3.42528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133698303|Critical Rescue International Clinic, CRI Clinic Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.462584|3.554046|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476028|Soft touch dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|45.499418|-122.421881|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476042|Oasis dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.548534|3.378647|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476045|Rave dental clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.643519|3.332047|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476050|Mid Dental Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.638391|3.343504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476051|Smile pride Dental clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.681637|3.190627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476059|Nene Dental Clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.599147|3.353656|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476086|Roberts dental clinics]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.510272|3.352758|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476087|Amara Medicare Dental Limited Ikoyi]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.440416|3.488068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476100|Brite Smiles dental studio]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.602082|3.35142|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476106|Evans dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.636125|3.344132|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476113|Aire dental Clinic Surulere]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.497315|3.33784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476123|Don Dental Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.444444|3.417998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476131|Plaza dental service]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.572894|3.396433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476139|Celon dental Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.476353|3.756903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476141|First consultant dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.545371|3.35968|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476145|GT dental specialist]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476152|Amara medicare dental limited sangotedo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.459205|3.639979|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476175|Finesse specialist dental clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.473908|3.581586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476188|OXYBELLE EYE CLINIC IKEJA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.609416|3.343106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476208|TBS dental clinic]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.447381|3.402815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476340|Amara Medicare Dental Limited Ajah]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan itọju eyin ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.458589|3.556377|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134476352|Haven dental]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.48597|3.344513|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137204338|Federal Medical Centre, Ebute Meta]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.618605|3.389899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137205414|68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|12.018227|8.603431|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137208735|National Orthopedic Hospital Igbobi,]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.530977|3.371263|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137219669|Apex Care Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.583319|3.381156|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137244585|Victory Medical Center Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.579707|3.587412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137351778|Premier Specialist Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.50103|3.656155|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137353824|Rainbow Specialist Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | {{Coord|6.484174|3.436495|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140312748|ADEFEMI HOSPITAL LIMITED]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140313332|AGO MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140313388|AJAYI MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140313554|ALHERI HOSPITAL LAGOS STATE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140313574|ALL SOUL IMFIRMARY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140315109|De-Balm Hospital Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140315145|Total Health Clinic & Maternity , Lagos]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140315187|Newgate Medical Services]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140315217|Ameso Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140315236|P&G Medical Center Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140315288|Peterhoff Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316101|Folabi Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316122|Ultima Hospital Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316136|A B Specialist Hospital .Lagos state Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316146|Maranatha Hospital Lagos state Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316163|Jon Ken Hospital Limited]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316186|Capes Clinics & Hospital Ltd]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316199|Royal Specialist Hospital, Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316233|Lobel Hospital Clinic and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316251|Vones Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316265|Araba Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316277|Agape Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316293|Hillstar Clinics Nig. Ltd.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316312|Goodseed Specialist Clinics, Lagos state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140316329|Life Hope Multiconsult Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Èkó]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48809461|Adeoyo Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.3512|3.8625|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Adeoyo Hospital.webp|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q101523618|St macrinal hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.355274|3.884957|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552535|Jolaleke Specialists Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn Aladaní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.398167|3.888083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552593|Toun memorial specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.402866|3.945402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552923|Oroki Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.403167|3.888944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102039653|Zenith Care Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.364778|3.839972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170990|St. Macrina Hospital Ltd]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.355175|3.88488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102171045|The Pizzazz Hospital, Ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.333852|3.87433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105716568|Ring Road Specialist Hospital Complex]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.352405|3.8624|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131905780|Molly Specialist Hospital Ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.452854|3.912423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133418555|Best Western Hospital, Ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.421716|3.932734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133419429|Lanark Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.365397|3.866171|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133420674|West Wind Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.424186|3.856362|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456969|Beta Life Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.36858|3.892585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133492337|Lead City University Teaching hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.332904|3.875888|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Lead City University Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136536450|Welfare Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.396767|3.963302|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137219604|St Dominic Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.392366|4.011193|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137219626|Zenith Care Hospital Ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.365106|3.841791|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137219643|Peamak Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.829886|3.920552|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137219753|Standard Calvary Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.779742|3.922694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137244129|Amuloko City Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.331361|3.974917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137247256|The Grace Hospital Ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.426571|3.932987|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137247947|Kings Hospital ibadan]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.412352|3.893536|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137248616|Oluyole Medical Diagnostic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.403304|3.93509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137392370|Ibadan Central Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìbàdàn]] | {{Coord|7.395789|3.928838|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101971826|Ijebu Ode State Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìjẹ̀bú-Òde]] | {{Coord|6.813139|3.924861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102177543|Femtob Specialist Hospitals]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìjẹ̀bú-Òde]] | {{Coord|6.825093|3.921176|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178837|Amazing Grace Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìjẹ̀bú-Òde]] | {{Coord|6.825536|3.922262|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133457092|Ijebu Ode General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun State]] | [[Ìjẹ̀bú-Òde]] | {{Coord|6.813293|3.924994|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101925894|Balla Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Asa|Ìjọba Agbègbè Asa]] | {{Coord|8.402727|4.416353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101926229|Alapa Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Asa|Ìjọba Agbègbè Asa]] | {{Coord|8.6|4.7|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101924189|Tsaragi Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5340346|Ìjọba Agbègbè Edu]]'' | {{Coord|8.838028|4.992556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101924643|Shonga Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5340346|Ìjọba Agbègbè Edu]]'' | {{Coord|9.010276|5.151057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101925061|General Hospital Lafiagi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5340346|Ìjọba Agbègbè Edu]]'' | {{Coord|8.850437|5.407647|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101921748|Civil Service Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6001095|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ilorin]]'' | {{Coord|8.480583|4.569611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101920596|Children Specialist Hospital Centre Igboro]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q16733661|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ilorin South]]'' | {{Coord|8.496806|4.553778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101921073|Sobi Specialist Hospital]]'' | Olupese ilera ilera | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q16733661|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ilorin South]]'' | {{Coord|8.535611|4.5395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101921405|Ogidi Cottage Hospital.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q16733661|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ilorin South]]'' | {{Coord|8.513972|4.507722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101919854|Ajikobi Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6001104|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ilorin West]]'' | {{Coord|8.502972|4.528528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101920227|Adewole Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q6001104|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ilorin West]]'' | {{Coord|8.469472|4.513528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117477879|Olalomi Hospital, Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.146981|4.709498|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117708055|Lamodi Community Hospital, Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.163974|4.724918|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117824441|Balogun Basic Health Clinic Balogun, Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.186868|4.723518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117838166|Rolakim Hospital Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.160861|4.711222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117851203|Nigeria Navy Clinic, Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.206877|4.708405|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117851696|Giwa Clinic And Maternity, Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.229132|4.737568|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117852803|Wale Clinic Hospital Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.139333|4.717417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117853424|Yunus Abioye Clinic, Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.156417|4.724528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117857372|Efunlola Memorial Hospital Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.13558|4.685916|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117857400|Afolabi Hospital Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|7.654023|5.229977|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117857529|Olanipekun Hospital Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.196211|4.732646|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117867694|Gentleman Abdulsalam Memorial hospital Offa]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49107205|Ìjọba Agbègbè Offa]]'' | {{Coord|8.166597|4.713599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101855534|Iloffa Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7081881|Ìjọba Agbègbè Oke Ero]]'' | {{Coord|8.099538|5.142108|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101854946|Erin Ile General Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Oyun|Ìjọba Agbègbè Oyun]] | {{Coord|8.100472|4.704833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101922156|General Hospital Share]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5991150|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ìfẹ́lódùn]]'' | {{Coord|8.816925|4.979189|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101922461|General Hospital Oro -Ago]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5991150|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ìfẹ́lódùn]]'' | {{Coord|8.324867|5.23081|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101922727|COTTAGE Hospital Omupo]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q5991150|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ìfẹ́lódùn]]'' | {{Coord|8.271611|4.786806|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101861520|Ijomu-Oro Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q10303589|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ìrẹ́pọ̀dùn]]'' | {{Coord|8.2485|4.901083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101862936|Agbonda Comprehensive Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q10303589|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ìrẹ́pọ̀dùn]]'' | {{Coord|8.129496|4.929264|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101864872|Ajase Cottage Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q10303589|Ìjọba Agbègbè Ìrẹ́pọ̀dùn]]'' | {{Coord|8.25336|4.8061|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123274670|Burak Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q7500408|Ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ sbongom]]''<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Gombe|Gombe State]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]] | {{Coord|9.598879|11.257395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114680681|Local Government Maternity Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkìrun]] | {{Coord|7.928555|4.677357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114681469|Ifeolu Private Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkìrun]] | {{Coord|7.913565|4.659041|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386290|Omofe Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkìrun]] | {{Coord|7.920045|4.658407|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102175695|Lafia Kowa Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.807366|3.906804|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102178983|Abundant Life Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.648131|3.496796|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102249563|Stevans Medical Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.645618|3.482911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102249977|St. Raphael Divine Mercy Specialist Hospital Dental Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.625882|3.549338|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102270823|Rolayo Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.621461|3.499927|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105903340|Lifesource Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.524581|3.3792|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113584881|The Hopewell Hospitals Ltd.]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.54443|3.377829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456893|TOS hospital Benson Road Ikorodu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.625679|3.478034|display=inline}} | | |- | [[Ikorodu General Hospital]] | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkòròdú]] | {{Coord|6.60882|3.49938|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ikorodu General Hospital Nigeria 1972 Designed by Michael Olutusen Onafowokan Isometric View 001.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q105706700|Police Hospital Falomo]]'' | ile iwosan ni Nigeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkóyí]] | {{Coord|6.443759|3.428889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113510624|Divine Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkóyí]] | {{Coord|6.443938|3.416447|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113510638|Saint Francis Hospital Ikoyi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkóyí]] | {{Coord|6.446035|3.415145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113511390|Human Heart and Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìkóyí]] | {{Coord|6.443461|3.418118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101970680|Iperu General hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikenne|Ìkẹ́nnẹ́]] | {{Coord|6.881312|3.702285|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101971358|General Hospital Ikenne]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ikenne|Ìkẹ́nnẹ́]] | {{Coord|6.881444|3.702333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102064012|General Hospital Ago-Amodu.]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìlàòrùn Ṣakí|Ìlàoòrùn Ṣakí]] | {{Coord|8.632583|3.636556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102064176|State Hospital Owode Oyo]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìlàòrùn Ọ̀yọ́|Ìlàoòrùn Ọ̀yọ́]] | {{Coord|7.831722|3.92875|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101553355|Basil hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlá-Ọ̀ràngún]] | {{Coord|8.010403|4.90442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30254157|University of Benin Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.391349|5.614079|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Aerial View of the Hospital's Entrance.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q102105696|Amazing Grace Clinic and Maternity]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.360917|5.642139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102109050|Paragon Clinics and Imaging-Odani]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.325389|5.613417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109669525|Irua Specialist Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.732127|6.189481|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967859|Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.409425|5.614276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133570921|Gods Victory Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.35717|5.597614|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133570940|St. Philomena's Catholic Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.345168|5.630002|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133571420|Faith Mediplex Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.315439|5.604083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133571440|Lily Hospitals]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.319247|5.61016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133571528|Modic Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.331355|5.61473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133571674|City of Hope Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.271472|5.63313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133574976|Bosede Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.308477|5.617539|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575201|The Hills Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.282372|5.618406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575294|Ajayi Oriaifo Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.304157|5.606857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575393|Tega Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.356058|5.592454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575451|Evangel model hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.358919|5.621734|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575543|Owen Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.353501|5.62573|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133575620|Itua Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|5.596644|5.596644|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133730726|Maviscope Hospital And Fertility Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Benin]] | {{Coord|6.272527|5.633538|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101856794|General Hospital offa]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀fà|Ìlú Offa ní agbègbè Offa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]] | {{Coord|8.153417|4.716056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123219988|Lamandi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀fà|Ìlú Offa ní agbègbè Offa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]] | {{Coord|8.5|4.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130899450|Offa medical centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀fà|Ìlú Offa ní agbègbè Offa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]] | {{Coord|8.15345|4.715755|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133308014|Care Meridian Healthcare]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀fà|Ìlú Offa ní agbègbè Offa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]] | {{Coord|8.152655|4.697427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040737|CHL Health Care Services]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Aladani ni offa | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀fà|Ìlú Offa ní agbègbè Offa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]] | {{Coord|8.166041|4.725223|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101996349|Federal Medical Centre Owo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Ọ̀wọ̀]] | {{Coord|7.21375|5.599528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173661|Blue Print Specialist Clinic]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Ọ̀wọ̀]] | {{Coord|7.214245|5.55595|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386345|St. White Shield Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Ọ̀wọ̀]] | {{Coord|7.183808|5.582275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386505|Ordji Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìlú Ọ̀wọ̀]] | {{Coord|7.207464|5.570645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16915946|TBT Hospital Gboko]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.34506|9.012939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123523555|Camp Eden Hospital, Gboko]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.34013|8.983364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130621568|Adoose Specialist Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.693938|8.538793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130621644|Oostra Gum Hospital Ushongo Town, Benue state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|6.943246|9.261917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130621727|Baki Hospital, Gboko, Benue state]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.336857|9.001852|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130621798|Texas Hospitals Limited, Otukpo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.186346|8.140436|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130621858|Hope Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.743337|8.508401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130621918|Salem Hospital, Otukpo, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.193082|8.130695|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130622301|Hospital of Immaculate Conception, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.718631|8.51958|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130622739|Madonna Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.723507|8.54394|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130627442|Grace Cottage Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.725307|8.524169|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130628956|Hemko Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.681113|8.534956|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629391|First Fertility Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.716506|8.506309|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629444|Bishop Murray Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.72227|8.53277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629490|General Hospital, Otukpo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.205093|8.155226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629610|General Hospital, North Bank, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.756885|8.544588|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629682|Foundation Memorial Hospital, Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.724141|8.541778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629719|General Hospital, Gboko, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.302818|8.987934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629768|General Hospital, Adikpo, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|6.892045|9.236097|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130629841|NKST Hospital, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.316507|9.047368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130633259|Sandra Hospital,Benue]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.828853|8.428391|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130639061|Saviour Medical Hospital, Benue]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.758704|8.556985|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131192304|Adiyama Hospital, Ibilla, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|6.858513|8.416353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131192448|Federal University of Health Sciences Teaching Hospital, Otukpo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.205092|8.155233|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131192533|St. Mary Hospital, Okpoga, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.026317|7.804491|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131192595|Akorwoicho Dispensary And Maternity, Otukpo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.191872|8.118559|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131192769|New Life Hospital, Otukpo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.189625|8.11615|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131192808|Oju primary health Care, Oju Barracks]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|6.842609|8.414816|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131192829|General Hospital, Ugbokpo-Bopa, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.660905|7.884847|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131192918|Saint Daniel Hospital, Otukpo, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.212138|8.121922|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131193019|Camp Eden Hospital, Gboko, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.345474|8.985066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131193047|Manta Comprehensive Health Centre, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.024742|8.560904|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131193063|Multicare Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.731275|8.510073|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131193089|BUH Medical centre, Otukpo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.197711|8.141588|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131195528|Awulema Primary Health Centre, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.188973|8.043427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131195537|Oyin Folohunsho Hospital, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.289763|8.362031|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131195562|Ohe Lume Clinic, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.064404|8.20865|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131195598|Otukpo-Icho Primary Health Centre, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.254384|8.174333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131195618|Baki Clinic and Maternity, Benue State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.344223|8.990131|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133806619|Ttiortyu Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.717697|8.783255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133806639|Adetsav Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.622505|8.691064|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135421687|Amara Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|5.515423|7.514153|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135421764|General Hospital Oju]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.730556|8.536111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135422587|Benonil Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.726898|8.53934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135424487|Q135424487]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.733398|8.539405|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135424584|Ushakaa Hospital , Makurdi]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.3369|8.740412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137049015|St. Helen Specialist Hospital, Otukpo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.177345|8.150269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137049056|Nazareth Hospital Otukpo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.202561|8.130355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137712865|MADONNA HEALTH SERVICE LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.723503|8.543935|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137836104|GENERAL HOSPITAL OTUKPA]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.205073|8.15526|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137836156|ST. VINCENT HOSPITAL. Benue state. Nigeria]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.301461|8.468714|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137836183|FIRST FERTILITY HOSPITAL LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.716507|8.50627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137839534|N K S T HOSPITAL, MBAAKON]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.320664|9.063939|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137847549|VICTORY HOSPITAL. Gboko,Benue State. Nigeria]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.313742|8.995175|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137848969|OJILIMA HOSPITAL SERVICES LTD]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.734994|8.533019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849016|HOMA HOSPITAL. Benue state. Nigeria]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|4.923994|6.260868|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137849024|ST JOSEPH CLINIC & MATERNITY]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bẹ́núé]] | {{Coord|7.741207|8.507196|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102067513|General Hospital Kishi]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìrẹ́pọ̀|Ìrẹ́pọ̀]] | {{Coord|9.091065|3.838269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102066694|General Hospital Iseyin]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìsẹ́yìn|Ìséyìn]] | {{Coord|7.948778|3.617333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137246078|Faith Foundation Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìsẹ́yìn|Ìséyìn]] | {{Coord|7.981576|3.581191|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102066530|General Hospital Okaka]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìtẹ̀síwájú|Ìtẹ̀síwájú]] | {{Coord|8.22034|3.454371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102066108|General Hospital Iganna]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Iwajowa|Ìwájọ̀wà]] | {{Coord|7.955941|3.257742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102066406|General Hospital Iwere-Ile]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Iwajowa|Ìwájọ̀wà]] | {{Coord|7.982806|3.053243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114185979|IWO MEDICAL CENTRE]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìwó]] | {{Coord|7.401609|3.939379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114670879|Gbadamosi Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìwó]] | {{Coord|7.629216|4.187298|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136767623|Ilé ìwòsan klm]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ìwó]] | {{Coord|7.692751|4.170297|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102063889|State Hospital Saki]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ìwọòrùn Ṣakí|Ìwọ̀oòrùn Ṣakí]] | {{Coord|8.672139|3.39675|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123669770|Better Care Hospital Ogbomosh]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ògbómọ̀sọ́|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]] | {{Coord|8.153306|4.258779|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123686127|Shalom Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ògbómọ̀sọ́|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]] | {{Coord|8.176829|4.260292|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133457379|Ireti Olu Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ògbómọ̀sọ́|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]] | {{Coord|8.144187|4.238247|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133461351|Laduntan Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ògbómọ̀sọ́|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]] | {{Coord|8.118316|4.233482|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133461589|Mainspring hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ògbómọ̀sọ́|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]] | {{Coord|8.116788|4.221802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133461951|Ariyo Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ògbómọ̀sọ́|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]] | {{Coord|7.361704|3.872385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133300535|Adeyemo Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49277987|Òmù-Àrán]]'' | {{Coord|8.171731|5.097155|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133301575|Ajisafe Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49277987|Òmù-Àrán]]'' | {{Coord|8.139645|5.10846|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133302181|Landmark University Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | ''[[:d:Q49277987|Òmù-Àrán]]'' | {{Coord|8.121042|5.085729|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173615|Christ Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òndó Town|Òndó]] | {{Coord|7.100271|4.841715|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112076370|State Specialist (General) Hospital, Ondo State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òndó Town|Òndó]] | {{Coord|7.091207|4.825788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112077233|Tim-Unity Specialist Hospital, Ondo State]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òndó Town|Òndó]] | {{Coord|7.240201|5.197502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30253917|Ile-iwosan Ikọkọ LAUTECH (Bayi Ile-iwosan Ikẹkọ UNIOSUN)]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.778456|4.551859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552371|Faith specialist hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.770826|4.550641|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101999767|Faith Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.770629|4.550573|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102000452|Olaoluwa Maternity Home]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.899499|4.692242|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102001215|Adebare Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.75714|4.527762|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102001847|Abake Medical Centre nad Surgical Consultancy]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.772192|4.545145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102037762|Victory Specialist Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.782685|4.541835|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102037766|Moring Star Medical Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|4.801473|7.002572|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102037772|Eso Brain And Spine Center]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.746439|4.575398|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102172988|Onward Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.808355|4.527917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102173346|Ayomide Women's Health Specialist Hospital &IVF Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.80334|4.580665|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105733076|State Hospital Asubiaro]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.763872|4.547631|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114681901|Honest medical center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.765142|4.57798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128886511|Emmanuel Medical Center]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.783513|4.52924|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133297560|Lifeline Hospital Osogbo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.791855|4.548681|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133297689|Onward Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.808065|4.528398|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133298813|The Pathway Medical Centre, Osogbo]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.761155|4.583802|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133299377|Akede Iyaloja Primary Health Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.757011|4.585041|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133504435|ACE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL AND FERTILITY CENTER]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.815082|4.535784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763364|Ilé ìwòsan Halleluyah]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.813622|4.54562|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763415|Peacelife Medical Center and Specialist Clinics]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.776395|4.538646|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763450|Ifeoluwa Hospital Osogbo]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.785156|4.573393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763487|Oroki Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.887085|4.482448|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763505|Grace and Glory Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.800016|4.54974|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763573|Bethesda Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.819064|4.542873|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136763618|Gloryland Specialist hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.782668|4.530313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136767648|Royal City Specialist Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]]<br/>[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|Osun State]] | {{Coord|7.796693|4.578211|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136776091|Ilé ìwòsan Westland]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.833823|4.572396|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040839|Living Hope Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.795153|4.507892|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137040863|Crystal Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.820346|4.552557|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137045125|To Nash Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan Aladani ni òṣogbo | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.786171|4.519134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137045179|Ilé ìwòsan Goshen]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.769701|4.540136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137381336|Highway Laparoscopy]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.790349|4.537822|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137386198|Piket Hospital]]'' | Ilé ìwòsan ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Òṣogbo]] | {{Coord|7.62|4.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30254171|University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.43631|7.479795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105706131|Parklane General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.457587|7.50131|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105758288|Coal Camp Medical Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.425448|7.481932|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106033766|Rosa Mystica Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.463619|7.495888|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112967803|National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.465042|7.52505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024148|ANNUNCIATION HOSPITAL, ENUGU]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.452678|7.510373|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024163|LIVINGSTON SPECIALIST HOSPITAL]]'' | Ajo Ilera ni Ipinle Enugu | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.460292|7.5298|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024255|MOUNT ZION MEDICAL CENTRE, ENUGU]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.423881|7.405319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024267|Unity Hospital & Maternity, Enugu]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.432403|7.518863|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115024515|EASTERN NIGERIA MEDICAL CENTRE (DR NLOGHA OKEKE MEMO MED. FOUNDATION)]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.430825|7.48969|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123513437|Adonai International Hospital Enugu State Nigeria]]'' | Ile iwosan ni Naijeria | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.435402|7.524798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128895070|St. Mary's Hospital & Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.458083|7.50669|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130444683|Blessed Children Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|46.492758|7.516285|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130458042|Julius Ezenyirioha Memorial Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.485211|7.517609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130458803|Julius Ezenyirioha Memorial Hospital and MaternityTender Hospital and Maternity]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.484939|7.517642|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130458934|Blessed Children Clinic]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.440224|7.462387|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130464097|Divine Favour Children'S Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.80245|7.353332|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131343615|Niger Foundation Hospital and Diagnostic Centre]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.443347|7.513763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137044159|General Hospital Oji River]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ẹnúgu]] | {{Coord|6.452667|7.510333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101552802|Epe General Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Epe, Nàìjíríà|Ẹ̀pẹ́]] | {{Coord|6.586855|3.97003|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q101962881|Ketu Ejinrin Health Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Epe, Nàìjíríà|Ẹ̀pẹ́]] | {{Coord|6.612919|3.895201|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102245408|Truecare Model HospitalEpe]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Epe, Nàìjíríà|Ẹ̀pẹ́]] | {{Coord|6.448832|3.364619|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456231|Consultant Hospital Obalende]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Èkó]] | [[Ọbáléndé]] | {{Coord|6.449537|3.408858|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30260327|Bowen University Teaching Hospital]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀yọ́]] | {{Coord|8.135834|4.232705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102170928|Vine Branch Medical Centre]]'' | ilé ìwòsàn ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀yọ́]] | {{Coord|7.387942|3.899529|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133455948|Oyo Mesi Specialist Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀yọ́]] | {{Coord|3.91382|3.91382|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133456043|Opabode Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀yọ́]] | {{Coord|7.866146|3.914655|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137219912|Goodwill Hospital]]'' | | [[Nàìjíríà]] | [[Ọ̀yọ́]] | {{Coord|7.81846|3.933467|display=inline}} | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} oizfhmzh7vkam5a2y24i6bcertiuk9g Oníṣe:GerardM/Madagascar hospitals 2 69558 632000 628372 2026-08-19T13:55:54Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917; wdt:P17 wd:Q1019. } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q135579915|CSB II Belobaka]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135580085|HLA Antanimalandy]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135939159|Hôpital Saint Jean‑Paul II]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136028383|CSBI ambohimahasoa]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136031327|CHU tambohobe]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | | {{Coord|-21.443854|47.087416|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:CHU TAMBOHOBE.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136031936|Service medical inter Majunga]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123584040|Clinique Medico Chirurgical Anivorano]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | ''[[:d:Q2850203|Anivorano Nord]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]'' | {{Coord|-12.733333|49.233333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Clinique Medico Chirurgical Anivorano 01.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q55615333|Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | [[Antananarivo]] | {{Coord|-18.919444|47.518333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Hôpital HJRA.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q123515683|CHU Place Kabary Antsiranana]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | ''[[:d:Q218928|Antsiranana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]'' | {{Coord|-12.268682|49.297638|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:CHU Place Kabary-Antsiranana.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q135652656|CHU Tanambao Antsiranana]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | ''[[:d:Q218928|Antsiranana]]'' | {{Coord|-12.284881|49.29135|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:CHU Tanambao Antsiranana.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q124660363|Military hospital Antsiranana]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | ''[[:d:Q3030875|Antsiranana I]]'' | {{Coord|-12.322728|49.274396|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Hôpital Militaire ou HOMI Antsiranana 03.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q123515604|next polyclinique universitaire Antsiranana]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | ''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]'' | {{Coord|-12.319511|49.301384|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:NEXT Polyclinique Universitaire Antsiranana Madagascar 01.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136028581|CHU Andrainjato Fianarantsoa]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | ''[[:d:Q527441|Fianarantsoa]]'' | {{Coord|21.462405|47.111096|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:CHU Andrainjato.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q109017999|Centre hospitalier de Soavinandriana]]'' | | [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]] | ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]'' | {{Coord|-18.897751|47.543277|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Cenhosoa.jpg|center|128px]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 41njyd3eq0eisi25nmtpqe8p56z4rkv Oníṣe:GerardM/Senegalese hospitals 2 69572 632193 631699 2026-08-19T20:37:02Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 632193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917; wdt:P17 wd:Q1041. } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q139669499|Hospital De Bakel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q804289|Bakel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q429338|Bakel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.915427|-12.457906|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30279730|Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Dakar]] | {{Coord|14.657684|-17.436757|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30279967|Hôpital Principal de Dakar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Dakar]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.661447|-17.434812|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Hôpital Principal de Dakar.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269471|Pediatrie Dr Bagnou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.712607|-17.468388|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269472|Plateau Médical d'Almadies]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.71809|-17.486607|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269474|Cabinet Médical Marose]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.718843|-17.487489|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269475|Medic'Kane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.719346|-17.471788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269476|Medic-Plus (Boukoulou)]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.706542|-17.47244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269477|Urgences Cardio]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.710735|-17.480819|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269479|Centre de santé Ngor Almadies]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.746066|-17.513111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269480|Cabinet pharmacie vétérinaire]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.747878|-17.513575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269481|Rahma]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.711743|-17.477207|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269482|Poste de Santé liberté 04]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.719234|-17.461054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269483|Ouakam Military hospital]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.715189|-17.481636|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269484|Clinique Marose]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.718837|-17.487493|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269485|Poste de santé Annette Mbaye Ouakam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.727332|-17.486169|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269486|Terme Sud]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.73071|-17.484219|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269487|centre medical al Afia]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.75762|-17.465153|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269488|Centre d'imagerie médicale de Mermoz]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.70275|-17.472566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269489|IRESSEF COVID Examen]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.74634|-17.509388|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269490|Dr Knox]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.738994|-17.511443|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269491|IRESSEF]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.746527|-17.509486|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269492|Clinique Yama Dr MBODJ]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.754457|-17.463785|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269629|Mamadou Ndongo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.705196|-17.448739|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269630|Poste de Santé Liberté]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.7133|-17.461313|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269631|Centre de Santé des Douanes]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.699619|-17.44412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269633|Cabinet Médical Dr Aliou Blondin Diop]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.707583|-17.459492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269634|Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.709559|-17.449447|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269635|Cabinet Médical Dr Diouf]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.721669|-17.457818|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269636|Chams]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.703631|-17.447054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269637|Diam optique]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.702887|-17.449016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269638|cabinet ophtalmologique keur SILOE]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.702712|-17.452784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269639|Poste de santé de Guédiawaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.756488|-17.426795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269640|Centre Médical]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.782257|-17.381424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269641|Clinique Mamy Mbacké]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.78542|-17.380855|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269643|Poste de Santé Medina Gounass]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.770316|-17.385074|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269644|Poste de santé de Darou Rakhmane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.784454|-17.375784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269645|Poste de Santé Deggo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.769983|-17.379003|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269646|Clinique Baraka]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.784065|-17.37948|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269647|Poste de santé Hamo Tefess]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.77941|-17.397071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269648|Médecine traditionnelle]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.770877|-17.416417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269649|MN Distribution sarl]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.770151|-17.415841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269814|Centre de Santé Brigham & Younger]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.798937|-17.33807|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269815|Centre de santé de Grand Médine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.775098|-17.305697|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269817|Militaire de Yeumbeul]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.774169|-17.347493|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269818|Sant Yalla]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.771161|-17.344904|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269819|Serigne Saliou Mbacke]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.772971|-17.359599|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269820|El Hadji Djibril Doucoure]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.783851|-17.359073|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269821|Mouhamadou Bamba SENE]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.777554|-17.361114|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269822|Yeumbeul Diamalaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.775811|-17.361824|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269823|Darou Salam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.776931|-17.356457|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269825|Cheikh Ahmadou BAMBA]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.778036|-17.357921|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269826|Sabiha Ibrahim Al Aly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.785271|-17.351647|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269827|CCTAS]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.774841|-17.353013|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269828|Cheikh Sidaty Fall "Pacotille"]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.766639|-17.354072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269829|Tawfeikh lavage]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.775152|-17.329776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269830|Multi service Serigne Babacar Sy]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.770077|-17.335094|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269947|Dispensaire Nabil Choucair]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.744029|-17.44402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269948|Poste de santé Unité08]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.756873|-17.430008|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269949|Elok - cardiologie]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.732913|-17.460813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269950|Clinique Ya-Sin]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.757081|-17.439436|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269951|Clinique Tete Diedhiou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.759708|-17.430542|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269952|Cabinet Médical Traditionnel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.757442|-17.435998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269953|Cabinet Cardio_Pneumologie]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.760005|-17.443184|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269954|Poste de Santé Unité 26]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.753715|-17.452451|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269955|Poste de santé HLM Grand-Yoff]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.742677|-17.45285|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269956|Poste de santé Grand-Yoff 1]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.741613|-17.44253|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269957|Poste de santé Khar yalla]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.730178|-17.454248|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269958|Centre de santé SAMU Municipal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.73842|-17.465791|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269960|Clinique de l'amitié]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.731575|-17.456696|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269961|Clinique médicale]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.740222|-17.465694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269963|Cabinet Nala]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.737579|-17.465705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269964|Gynécologue]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.737557|-17.465645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269965|Cabinet médical UNIMED]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.736415|-17.464454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269966|Clinique Ophtalmologique]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.733577|-17.472872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269967|Centre de santé OHG]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.736179|-17.472283|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269968|Cabinet médical Dawa]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.736179|-17.472159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269969|Cabinet Emmaus]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.735143|-17.461255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269970|Plateau médical Espoir]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.733322|-17.456084|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269971|Centre Keru Yakaar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.738613|-17.457011|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269972|Centre médical "Américain"]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.738834|-17.457328|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269973|Cabinet Medical]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.742251|-17.446635|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269975|Poste de santé d'Assainies]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.740966|-17.451346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269976|Cabinet d'Ophtalmologie Communautaire]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.739991|-17.447409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269977|Hopital Traditionnel Keur Massar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.738046|-17.449145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269978|Plateau Médical Espoir]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.733169|-17.456211|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269979|Clinique Douce Assistance]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.727724|-17.448377|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269980|Cabinet CARIM]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.731723|-17.446411|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269981|Centre de santé du centre baptiste]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.736936|-17.444351|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269982|Clinique ND Marceline]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.742076|-17.441533|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269983|Clinique CASTOR]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.727037|-17.443601|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269984|Clinique Fateh As Salam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.731703|-17.442079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269985|Poste De Santé Touba Diacksao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.757554|-17.389116|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269986|Cabinet medical ya salaam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.750248|-17.394035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269987|Dispensaire confessionnel Notre Dame d'Esperance]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.761275|-17.380566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269988|Clinique de Pikine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.751391|-17.400738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269989|Poste de Santé Cité Pépinière]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.759621|-17.388423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269990|Poste de Santé Dalifort]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.742069|-17.420042|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269991|Centre de santé Technopole]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.752698|-17.404732|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269992|Infirmerie Dakar DEM DIKK]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.747922|-17.408255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269993|CLinique Docteur Ngagne Mbaye Pediatre]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.753076|-17.406142|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269994|Clinique Lansar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.765424|-17.392368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269995|Poste de Santé Sant Yalla]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.762014|-17.380014|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269996|Poste de sante prive Ousmane Ba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.752617|-17.390544|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269997|UNITE MEDICAL D'INTERVENTION ET DIAGNOSTIC /MUSAFA]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.751656|-17.387115|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269998|Cabinet de sante communautaire Dr Ama Gaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.753034|-17.399129|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269999|Case de santé Mousdalifa Usaid/sc]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.762733|-17.385361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270000|Centre de medecine naturel Universalis]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.754981|-17.397639|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270001|Centre de Santé Saint Dominique]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.756105|-17.396308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270002|Complexe medical Dabakh Malick]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.757474|-17.388345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270003|Docteur Elhadji Kekere traditionnel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.760535|-17.386684|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270004|Cabinet gynecologique de la DASSE]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.749489|-17.399442|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270005|Dispensaire Privé Mme Ndiaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.765765|-17.386134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270006|Clinique serigne saliou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.762878|-17.387532|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270007|Centre Medico Social Wergui Yaram]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.764245|-17.370238|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270008|clinique dentaire les Niayes]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.762744|-17.388021|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270009|Dispenaire Municipal I]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.763027|-17.391993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270010|Maternité Guinaw Rail Sud Issa Mbengue]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.751734|-17.389381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270011|Poste de Santé Khourourar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.748833|-17.403344|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270012|Poste de santé de Guinaw Rail Nord]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.750502|-17.383703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270013|Poste de la Santé Mame-Louise-Gomis]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.667289|-17.397174|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270014|Cabinet Médical Urologie]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.693502|-17.455832|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270015|Cabinet de Gynecologie - Obstetrique Dr. Sanoussi Sango]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.697916|-17.444727|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270016|Cabinet médical Ibrahima Ba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.697901|-17.444692|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270017|Casahous]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.669906|-17.433136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270018|Cabinet dentaire de Dakar plateau]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.688827|-17.454103|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270019|poste de santé george lahoud]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.701452|-17.455563|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270020|Centre de santé de Colobane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.696025|-17.445556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270021|COLASER]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.668806|-17.430236|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270022|Bio 24]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.671942|-17.433383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270023|Centre du Diabète Marc Sankalé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.684403|-17.45556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270024|S.O.S. Medecin]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.679021|-17.458724|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270025|Plateau Médical]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.702692|-17.462049|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270026|Docteur Rachid Hachem - Hémorroïdes ...]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.665077|-17.435647|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270027|Centre de Santé Gaspard Camara]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.701293|-17.45855|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270028|Dispensaire Saint Martin]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.672654|-17.443456|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270029|SALYSO (dentiste)]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.672095|-17.44078|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270030|Gynécologue ALBERT MANDING MANGA]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.666522|-17.435357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270031|NDEYE MAGATTE NDIAYE BA]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.667872|-17.437879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270032|Al Falah]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.697713|-17.446015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270033|Centre de Santé de la Reproduction]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.697937|-17.459101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270034|Centre d'imagerie diagnostique et interventionnelle de Soumbédioune (CIDIS)]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.678851|-17.462778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270035|Cabinet medical zenith]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.687354|-17.450065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270036|Clinique Niang]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.692199|-17.447224|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270037|cabinet médical]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.665194|-17.438877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270039|Cabinet Medical Dr Amadou Diaw]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.666639|-17.43369|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270041|Plateau Médical Médina Rue 6]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.675532|-17.450294|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270042|Mutuelle de santé du Cap]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.682916|-17.447258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270044|Centre de Santé Fann Hock]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.682232|-17.461892|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270045|SOS Cardio]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.680017|-17.461897|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270047|Clinique Ya Salam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.67953|-17.462027|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270048|Complexe médical de la corniche ouest]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.696619|-17.472396|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270160|Keyr Souley]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2884475|Bargny]]'' | {{Coord|14.719905|-17.266227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270161|Poste de santé Darou Salam de Bargny]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2884475|Bargny]]'' | {{Coord|14.739344|-17.298233|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270162|poste de santé DIOKOUL WAGUE]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2884475|Bargny]]'' | {{Coord|14.713759|-17.284187|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270164|Clinique Maimouna]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2884475|Bargny]]'' | {{Coord|14.724403|-17.283365|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270210|Cabinet médical Sebikhotane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.743025|-17.136807|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270211|Poste de Santé de Nianghal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.627777|-17.160704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270213|Poste de santé de Yéne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.64001|-17.17391|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270214|Case de Santé de Bargny-Guédj]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.685162|-17.224574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270215|case de sante de miname]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.681514|-17.216748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270216|Poste de santé de Niague]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.810566|-17.251048|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270217|Cabinet paramédical NABI]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.816725|-17.267813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270218|Poste de santé/Maternité de Tawfekh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.818248|-17.265366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270219|Clinique Matlaboul Chifa I]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.768616|-17.279276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270221|Cabinet Medical Serigne Abdou Karim Mbacke]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.759765|-17.282821|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270222|Clinique paramédical Le Doyen (Blue star)]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.804109|-17.280112|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270223|Clinique Tawfekh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.810547|-17.279888|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270224|Poste de santé Tivaoune-Peulh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.804281|-17.282828|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270225|Cabinet du Tradipraticien]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.744633|-17.240903|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270272|Poste de santé Grand Mbao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864051|Thiaroye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.731867|-17.320524|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270273|Poste de santé Mbao Gare]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864051|Thiaroye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.74316|-17.315811|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270275|Poste de santé El hadji Moustapha gueye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864051|Thiaroye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.746745|-17.367768|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270276|Poste de santé santé yalla]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864051|Thiaroye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.747203|-17.361812|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270278|Clinique camed]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864051|Thiaroye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.750326|-17.361392|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270280|Plateau médical Absa]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864051|Thiaroye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.733196|-17.318229|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270281|Ya Salam de Thiaroye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856268|Dakar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864051|Thiaroye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.746697|-17.307738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134462687|Batoukeurgi Herbal Medicinal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Dakar]] | {{Coord|14.755036|-17.462155|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134462730|Boulot Cms Pikine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Dakar]] | {{Coord|14.748337|-17.40576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134544950|Hôpital Général IDRISSA POUYE de Grand Yoff]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Dakar]] | {{Coord|14.733363|-17.443423|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134557271|Abass Ndao Hospital Center]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Dakar]] | {{Coord|14.685037|-17.454091|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Centre Hospitalier Abass Ndao 03.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q134557844|Centre National d’Appareillage Orthopédique]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Dakar]] | {{Coord|14.694236|-17.467869|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q141112311|Centre international de recherche et de formation en génomique appliquée et de surveillance sanitaire]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Dakar]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269678|CENTRE DE SANTE DE BAMBEY]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067986|Bambey Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863843|Lambaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.700467|-16.455626|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269679|Centre médical universitaire de Bambey]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067986|Bambey Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863843|Lambaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.701655|-16.454709|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269680|Keur Soeur]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067986|Bambey Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863843|Lambaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.698324|-16.457804|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269681|Poste de santé de Gawane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2067986|Bambey Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863843|Lambaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.846869|-16.391958|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269733|Clinique MAGAL]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068182|Mbacké Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863913|Ndame Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.861061|-15.882724|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269734|Cabinet de soin Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068182|Mbacké Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863913|Ndame Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.86109|-15.873461|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269735|Polyclinique]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068182|Mbacké Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863913|Ndame Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.856074|-15.889956|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269736|centre hospitalier national mathlaboul fawzaini de touba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068182|Mbacké Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863913|Ndame Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.858387|-15.908722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140001490|Hôpital Amet Mbaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.845841|-15.878711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2945725|centre hospitalier national universitaire de Fann]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3066423|Fann-Point E-Amitié]]'' | {{Coord|14.6881|-17.4662|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:DakarMédecine.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269549|Poste de santé de Fimla]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863788|Fimela Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.148665|-16.638692|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269550|Dispensaire]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863788|Fimela Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.044623|-16.677252|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269551|PS SIMAL]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863788|Fimela Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.148743|-16.638641|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269552|Poste de Santé Ndagane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863788|Fimela Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.073757|-16.691371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269553|Case de santé de Ndangane village]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863788|Fimela Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.076986|-16.70178|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269554|Poste de santé de Mar Fafaco]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863788|Fimela Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.051675|-16.645509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269555|District sanitaire]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863788|Fimela Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.935595|-16.763286|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269831|Poste de santé Moundé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.955478|-16.649408|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269832|Poste de santé de Falia]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.918899|-16.67914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269833|Dispensaire de Bassar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.920762|-16.60936|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269834|Maternité de Djirnda]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.978074|-16.6096|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269835|Dispensaire Djirnda]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.97839|-16.609433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269836|Case de Santé feu Adama Senghor de Thialane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.928747|-16.624464|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269837|Case de Santé Fambine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.995993|-16.596053|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269838|Poste de santé de dionewar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.888569|-16.731464|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269839|Case de Sante de Siwo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.909091|-16.655422|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269840|Centre de santé de Niodior]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.857152|-16.72289|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269841|Case de santé de Falia]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.918928|-16.679159|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269935|Centre de Santé de Gossas]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068411|Gossas Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863943|Ouadiour Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.491861|-16.066304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270267|cemedra ou centre de malango]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864046|Tattaguine Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.327559|-16.403173|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270268|DPC de Fatick]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864046|Tattaguine Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.340781|-16.418189|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270269|service régional de l'Action sociale de Fatick]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864046|Tattaguine Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.329024|-16.407566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270270|Case de santé Sangaré]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864046|Tattaguine Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.386365|-16.463305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270318|Karang Poste Hospital]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q580461|Toubacouta Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.604123|-16.424209|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270319|Poste de santé Sirmang]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q580461|Toubacouta Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.622807|-16.400395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270320|Centre de Santé, de Promotion et de Réinsertion Sociale de Sokone]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856282|Fatick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q580461|Toubacouta Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.878625|-16.372148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139863403|centre hospitalier Roi Baudouin]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.77436|-17.38441|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139863657|Hôpital Dalal jàmm]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | {{Coord|14.77343|-17.40977|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270220|poste de Santé de Jaxaay]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q129909528|Jaxaay-Parcelles]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3195628|Keur Massar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.769944|-17.281056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269628|EPS (Etablissement Publique de Santé) niveau 1 de Kaffrine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068509|Kaffrine Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863797|Gniby Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.099354|-15.556843|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269650|CENTRE DE SANTE KOUNGHEUL]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q929723|Koungheul Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16541931|communauté rurale de Ida Mouride]]'' | {{Coord|13.981676|-14.791973|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269652|Centre de Santé Birkelane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068560|Birkilane Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863830|Keur Mboucki Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.127574|-15.747341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269672|Région Médical]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863841|Koumbal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.139069|-16.07786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269673|Centre de santé Kasnack]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863841|Koumbal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.145785|-16.079323|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269674|Cabinet dentaire de Koumbal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863841|Koumbal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.142462|-16.081334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269675|Poste de santé Darou Salam de Koumbal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863841|Koumbal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.918543|-15.932514|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269676|Centre de santé Ndoffane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863841|Koumbal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.919385|-15.924751|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269800|Poste de santé Koutal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863911|Ndiedieng Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.089331|-16.063759|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269944|INFIRMERIE PRIVEE]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2083026|Nioro du Rip Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863950|Paoskoto Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.761624|-15.901868|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269945|MATERNITE]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2083026|Nioro du Rip Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863950|Paoskoto Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.763008|-15.903815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269946|Centre de Santé de Nioro du Rip]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2083026|Nioro du Rip Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.750069|-15.775558|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270231|Centre de santé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847671|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864029|Arrondissement de Sibassor]]'' | {{Coord|14.244315|-16.274879|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269494|Poste de Santé de Thiabédji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1046666|Kedougou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2083190|Kédougou Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863700|Bandafassi Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.634236|-12.416357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269497|Poste santé medina baffe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1046666|Kedougou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q942594|Saraya Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2388727|Bembou arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.545583|-11.451272|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269548|Casse de Santé Saré Dickel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219191|Medina Yoroufoula]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863782|Fafacourou Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.024594|-14.599135|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269682|Poste de santé Coumbacara]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084154|Kolda Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863869|Mampatim Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.707017|-14.475516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269811|Case de Sante de Touba Mboyenne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219191|Medina Yoroufoula]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863927|Niaming arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.77905|-13.373861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269812|Poste de Sante de Niaming]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219191|Medina Yoroufoula]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863927|Niaming arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.313255|-14.755818|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270226|Centre de Santé de Kolda (Sikilo)]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084154|Kolda Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864020|Saré Bidji Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.898608|-14.938168|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270227|Centre Hospitalier Régional de Kolda]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084154|Kolda Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864020|Saré Bidji Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.905479|-14.94844|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270228|Poste de Santé Saré Kemo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084154|Kolda Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864020|Saré Bidji Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.880025|-14.955723|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269495|Case de Santé Lindé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863707|Barkedji Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.150997|-15.141526|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269496|Case de sante de Dayane diodode]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863707|Barkedji Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.820454|-14.720156|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269546|District Sanitaire de Linguère]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863779|Dodji arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.397049|-15.114192|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269547|Case de sante de Toutoungal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863779|Dodji arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.734697|-14.639517|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269724|District de Santé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863882|Mbediene Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.622667|-16.220087|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269725|Poste de Santé Artillerie Nord]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863882|Mbediene Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.63417|-16.221597|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269737|Poste de Santé de Kelle]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086510|Kébémer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863916|Ndande Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.18629|-16.577161|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270165|Maternité]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086510|Kébémer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863999|Sagata Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.350621|-16.346901|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270166|Case de santé de Ndieye Wade]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864014|Sakal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.837054|-16.332816|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270167|Case de santé de Gneling Mbao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864014|Sakal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.806285|-16.521681|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270168|poste de sante deggu-niaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864014|Sakal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.830223|-16.514707|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270170|dispensaire de sakal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864014|Sakal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.842163|-16.234914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270360|poste de sante de bouteyni]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864091|Yang-Yang Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.96882|-15.499298|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270361|case de sante yoly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864091|Yang-Yang Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.940944|-14.856843|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270362|case de sante sambawté]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864091|Yang-Yang Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.114764|-13.85471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270363|Clinique du sourire]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864091|Yang-Yang Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.658338|-17.434523|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269813|Dispensaire Malika]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3282073|Malika]]'' | {{Coord|14.791667|-17.339944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269443|Dispensaire Agnam-Goly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.003916|-13.690773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269444|Poste Sante Ndiafane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.108439|-13.622096|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269445|Poste de sante de Diorbivol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.100904|-13.701396|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269446|Case de Sante Ansde Balla]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.012307|-13.709786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269447|Centre de sante de Thilogne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.965464|-13.606591|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269448|Poste de sante de Goudoude Ndouetbe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.883183|-13.578177|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269449|Abdoul Cisse Kane hospital]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.987707|-13.65367|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269450|Poste de sante de Agnam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.004557|-13.689773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269451|Case de sante Belel Thiowly Ndiafane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.101067|-13.631994|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269452|Poste de sante Goudoude Diobe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.874467|-13.557846|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269453|Poste de Sante Agnam Thiodaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.996809|-13.66425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269454|Poste de sante Gourel Oumar Ly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.14022|-13.491564|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269455|case de sante loumbi sanarabe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.728948|-13.875125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269456|Case de Sante Mberle Bele]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.74578|-13.744463|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269457|Poste de sante de Orofonde]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.042324|-13.730255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269458|Case de sante de Loumboul balaji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.011168|-13.816602|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269459|Poste de Sante de Agnam Godo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.990044|-13.647979|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269460|Case de Diowguel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.09984|-13.694064|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269462|Poste de sante Agnam Lidoube]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.002274|-13.680212|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269463|Poste de sante Diongto]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.09168|-13.515073|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269464|case de sante Sylla Worgo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.125565|-13.587613|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269465|poste de sante Dabia]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.915517|-13.515167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269466|Poste de Sante de Orefonde]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.042513|-13.729899|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269468|Poste de sante de Barka]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.981563|-13.62793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269469|Poste de sante de Kobilo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|15.92291|-13.529036|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269470|Case de sante de Ouro Mollo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | {{Coord|16.007153|-13.700517|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269842|Mutuelle de Santé Samassa de matam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.656906|-13.254785|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269843|Poste de sante de Mboloyel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.87262|-13.477319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269845|Poste de sante de Boki Diawe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.8858|-13.491034|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269846|Case Guireye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|16.077417|-13.448763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269847|Poste de Sante de Nabadji Civol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.742164|-13.391006|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269848|Poste de sante de Bokidiawe 2]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.891803|-13.487487|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269849|Matam régional hospital]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.660515|-13.261898|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269850|Poste de Sante Danthiady]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.531334|-13.398189|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269851|Poste de sante Moderne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.60795|-13.335868|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269852|Poste de sante Ndouloumadji Dembe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.807201|-13.410407|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269853|Case de sante de Wassacode]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.497701|-13.275505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269854|Clinique Dentaire le Fouta]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.611484|-13.321494|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269855|Case de sante de Lewe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.47899|-13.219778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269856|Poste de Sante Gaol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|16.073435|-13.488054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269857|Centre Hospitalier Regional de Ourossogui]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.603867|-13.329846|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269858|poste de sante Sinthioumogo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.686871|-13.375063|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269859|Poste Sante Sadel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.899884|-13.343396|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269860|Case de Galoyabe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.518346|-13.33274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269861|Poste de sante Nguidjilone]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.940552|-13.350848|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269862|Poste de sante de Belinaybe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.471753|-13.36413|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269863|Poste de sante de Mbakhna]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.88274|-13.422329|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269864|Case de sante Koundel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.79564|-13.279676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269865|Poste de sante de Ourossogui]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.602649|-13.326598|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269866|Poste de sante de Boynadji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.649424|-13.347425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269867|Poste de Sante de Diamel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.681317|-13.236244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269868|Poste de Sare Liou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.936079|-13.359516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269869|Case de Sante Madina Sande]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.450596|-13.56407|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269870|Poste de sante de Aly Oury]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.96853|-13.369874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269871|Case de sante Balinaybe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.467516|-13.366227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269872|Case de Sante Ombo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.556783|-13.341019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269873|Poste de sante de Ouro Alpha]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.830716|-13.45575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269874|poste de sante Diammel Gawdal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|16.065958|-13.41448|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269875|Poste de sante de Woudourou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.841816|-13.310574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269876|Poste de sante de Thiarene]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.769961|-13.472892|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269877|Poste de sante Taiba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.692473|-13.41308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269878|Case de sante Katote]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.802276|-13.470038|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269879|Case de sante Thiehel Sebe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.82621|-13.500656|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269880|Case de Sante Lambangou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.464547|-13.538848|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269881|Case de Sante de Gana Balol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.516477|-13.203717|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269882|Case Thiankone Hiraye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.590953|-13.389876|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269883|Poste de sante Fete Niebe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.655651|-13.40144|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269884|Poste de sante de Tiguere]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.709575|-13.278293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269885|Case de sante de Kawel Dialloibe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.817318|-13.490401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269886|Case de Sante de Gaodal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|16.049184|-13.428925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269887|Case de sante Pethiel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.585392|-13.799349|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269889|Poste de Sante Dendoudy]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.392178|-13.535704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269890|Poste de Sante de Diandioly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.539706|-13.251798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269891|Poste Sante Ndouloumadjy Founebe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.820852|-13.431593|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269892|Case de Sante Thiankone Boguel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.559897|-13.369796|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269893|case de sante Boki Saboudou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.768003|-13.41704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269894|Centre de sante Matam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.653526|-13.253869|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269895|Poste de sante Soubalo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|15.666253|-13.257151|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269896|Poste de Sante de Dondou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | {{Coord|16.014855|-13.38088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269897|Poste de sante Yacine Lake]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.043925|-12.68026|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269898|Case de sante de Werma]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.118635|-12.740411|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269900|Poste de sante de Sendou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.750705|-12.846066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269901|Case de sante de Cinthiane Diouty Dow]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.407332|-12.958794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269902|Poste de sante de Gouriky Coliabe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.433221|-12.957489|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269903|Case de sante Ameliore de Diamouguel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.117974|-12.943344|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269904|Case de Sante de Houlde]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.221947|-12.896982|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269905|Case de sante de Yeri Male]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.070223|-12.863266|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269906|Poste de sante Goumal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.869589|-15.31365|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269907|Poste de sante Thianiaff]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.037761|-12.695457|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269909|Poste de sante de Nianghana thiedel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.730115|-12.688863|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269910|Poste de sante Hadabere]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.137902|-12.778937|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269911|Poste de Sante Wendou Bosseabe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.314155|-12.99013|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269912|Poste de Sante de Aoure]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.142953|-12.945016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269913|Poste de sante Dembancane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.094185|-12.706946|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269914|Poste de sante Padalel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.343703|-12.938882|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269915|Poste de sante de Bokiladji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.055773|-12.745745|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269916|Poste de sante Gaoude Boffe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.976847|-12.660668|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269917|Case de sante Balel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.265977|-12.900088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269918|Case de Sante Barkatou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.314319|-12.884347|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269919|Poste de sante de Semme]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.19657|-12.947551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269920|Poste de sante Dounde]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.085595|-12.904649|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269921|Case de sante de Walele]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.230847|-12.979976|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269922|Poste de sante Amadou Alassane Ndiaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.283167|-12.962809|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269923|Case de sante de Appe sakobe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.996152|-12.738836|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269924|Poste de sante de Fadiara]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.076109|-12.815606|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269925|Poste sante diela]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.241966|-12.901463|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269926|Centre de Sante de Wawoude]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.278108|-12.867285|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269927|Poste de Sante de Dialloube]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.105516|-12.922965|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269928|Poste de sante de Ganguel Maka]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.951892|-12.732682|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269929|Case de sante Tata Bathilly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.897301|-12.598926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269930|Poste de sante Boki Saboudou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.619165|-12.886192|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269931|Poste de sante Polel Diaobe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.272377|-13.000199|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269932|Poste de Sante de Guanguel Soule]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.394275|-12.961458|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269933|Case de sante de Gouriky Samba Diom]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.427624|-12.947364|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269934|Poste de sante Waounde]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.26597|-12.869501|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270241|Poste de Sante de Sinthiane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.497179|-13.211188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270242|Case de Sante de Wendou Nody]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.331962|-13.11877|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270243|Poste paramedical de Sinthiou Bamambe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.369223|-13.129966|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270244|Poste de sante de Foumihara Demboube]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.436718|-13.183566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270245|Poste de sante de Ndiott]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.877246|-12.933498|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270246|Poste de sante de Nganno]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.475084|-13.043575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270247|Poste de sante de Odobere]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.562832|-13.103561|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270249|Centre de Sante de Hamady Hounare]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.354118|-13.027545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270250|Poste de sante de Sinthiou Bamambe Banadji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.36835|-13.130246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270252|Poste de sante de Ndendory]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.349768|-13.044907|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270253|Poste de sante de Seno Palel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.387356|-13.153911|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270254|Poste de sante de Thially]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.517509|-13.108917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270255|Poste de sante de Horndolnde]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.481689|-12.968132|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270256|Poste de sante hamady ounare]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.345326|-13.01933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270257|Case de sante de Daïba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.362164|-13.10354|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270258|Case de sante foumihara diobe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.441694|-13.204716|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270259|Case de sante Madiana Torobe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.401801|-13.204784|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270260|Centre de sante de reference de Kanel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.485452|-13.185398|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270261|Case de sante Fora Diawara]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.423013|-13.111968|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270262|Case de sante Baramathial]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.478068|-13.007029|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270263|Poste de sante Wouro Sidy]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.429264|-13.178058|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270264|Poste de sante de Soringho]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.442858|-13.131137|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270265|Poste de sante de Namary]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.082209|-13.644773|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270266|Poste de sante de Kanel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.487952|-13.177969|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270321|Case de sante de Galle]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.539479|-14.549813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270322|Centre de sante de Thierno Mouhamadou Saïdou Ba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.304045|-13.959062|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270323|Case de sante de Bourlogne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.621838|-14.631412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270324|Poste de sante Katane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.487931|-14.113258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270325|Case de sante Ndiamthiole]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.613662|-14.514472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270326|Case de Sante de Belel Wodore]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.57027|-14.491238|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270327|Poste de Sante de Mbemmbem]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.817135|-14.399502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270328|Case de Sante de Woppa]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.007553|-14.397396|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270329|Poste de Sante de Patouki]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.38842|-13.656106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270330|Case de Sante de Boulogne Sone]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.972537|-14.247175|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270331|Poste de sante de THIONOKH]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.638397|-14.741905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270332|Case de Sante de Ndianoye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.617437|-14.57454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270333|Poste de sante de velingara Ferlo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.002097|-14.679759|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270334|Cabinet paramedical Yassalam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.000107|-14.679329|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270335|Case de Sante de Kaca]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.129975|-14.555811|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270336|Poste de Sante de Loumboul Samba Abdoul]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.326126|-13.736649|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270337|Poste de sante Oudalaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.12699|-13.656338|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270338|Case de Sante de Mbakedji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.669279|-14.139288|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270339|Case de Sante de Soringo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.251203|-14.516488|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270340|Poste de sante Badagor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.771893|-14.530259|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270341|Case de sante Kouroukarane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.542099|-13.720548|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270342|Case de sante Adjia]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.806509|-14.682184|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270343|Case de sante de Cossas]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.464484|-14.734286|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270344|Poste de Sante de Nawre]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.048797|-14.445371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270345|Poste de sante Salatou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.733138|-13.707305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270346|Poste de Sante de Doguel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.250467|-14.059136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270347|Poste de Sante de Younoufere]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.265796|-14.46244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270348|Poste de sante Lobaly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.011883|-13.983905|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270349|Case de sante de Ndiayene Seno]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.622151|-14.423001|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270350|Poste de sante de Pethiel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.521591|-13.902374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270351|Poste de sante Dayane Guelode]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.772519|-14.735711|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270353|Poste de sante de Lougre Thiolly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.569552|-14.645101|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270354|Poste de sante de Tekinguel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.304653|-13.780497|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270355|Case de Sante de Belel Toufle]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.88728|-14.534054|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270356|Poste de Sante de Fourdou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.216889|-14.162511|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270357|Poste de sante de Mbam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.823252|-14.069998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270358|Case de sante Madina Ndiaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.647115|-14.608409|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269772|poste de sante ndiaw ndiangue]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.471698|-15.717187|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269500|case de sante aéré poste]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.451742|-14.327581|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269501|case de sante de souraye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.269317|-13.956401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269502|case de sante de abdallah]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.235955|-13.974766|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269503|posté de sante de walaldé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.505633|-14.210782|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269504|case se sante sare souki]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.434719|-14.111798|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269505|case de sante de tchila]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.420783|-14.107158|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269506|posté de sante cas cas]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.387066|-14.059359|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269507|poste de sante de dounguel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.34408|-14.029079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269508|poste de sante dioudé diabé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.328118|-13.984357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269509|case de sante de bito]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.298324|-13.994977|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269510|poste de sante de thioubolel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.271209|-13.988605|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269511|poste de sante de Cas-cas]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.252568|-14.109513|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269512|case de sante safalbe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.941738|-14.406143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269513|case de maham]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.052743|-14.388534|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269514|poste de sante yare lao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.035987|-14.54788|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269515|case de sante dounguel dadé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.297708|-14.217318|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269516|case de sante olol diaobé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.324171|-14.196137|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269517|case de sante aram sarré]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.332239|-14.171753|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269518|case de sante dogui domby]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.270701|-14.070185|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269519|case de sante thioka]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.225845|-14.065755|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269520|case de sante de diayinga]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.407675|-14.232841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269521|case de sante de wordé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.434742|-14.276183|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269522|case de sante de kogga walo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.458414|-14.408357|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269523|case de sante de bano]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.105473|-14.268789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269525|case de sante waw waw]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.234904|-14.239659|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269526|Case de santé de Demba Wassa]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.400559|-14.083827|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269527|case de sante de barkédji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.468577|-14.186145|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269528|case de sante de thyli]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.477663|-14.162258|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269529|poste de sante de siwré]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.454176|-14.143227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269530|centre de sante de cas-cas]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.388396|-14.071604|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269531|case de sante de fondé elimane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.311924|-13.981729|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269532|case de sante de fondé ali]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.301694|-14.039323|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269533|poste de sante de mboumba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.19494|-14.019451|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269534|poste de sante de merry]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.212961|-14.058464|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269535|centre de sante aéré lao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.380362|-14.312776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269536|poste de sante aéré lao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.403215|-14.321207|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269537|cabinet de sante seydina mouhamed (psl) de la vallée du fleuve]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.395979|-14.325988|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269538|poste de sante madina diathmbé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.291682|-14.14151|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269539|case de sante doumga]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.338158|-14.221898|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269540|poste de sante de bodé lao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.444774|-14.352051|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269541|case de sante gawdi goti]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.437841|-14.386376|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269556|centre de sante amadou malick guaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.64273|-14.953425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269557|case de sante de banteu croisement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.520757|-14.82928|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269558|poste de sante de base]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.505702|-14.654586|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269559|wendou diami]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.346226|-14.624457|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269560|case de sante de ndormboss]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.602964|-14.334991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269561|poste de sante de dara halaybe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.622785|-14.406427|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269562|case de sante arifounda]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.586857|-14.606923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269563|case de sante de bida]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.442876|-14.705602|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269564|case de sante sassel talbe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.55204|-14.345704|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269565|case de sante de thienel sakhobe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.56062|-14.370537|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269566|posté de sante de pathé galo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.620177|-14.454509|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269567|posté de sante alwar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.585746|-14.65594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269568|poste de sante de Gamadji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.542356|-14.807058|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269569|case de sante de gourel komi]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.55078|-14.83817|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269570|case de sante de agnam townguel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.527177|-14.807125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269571|case de sante feu moustapha ba mbanetou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.54326|-14.835666|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269572|poste de sante diambo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.566752|-14.84371|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269573|case de sante de ouro madiw]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.601822|-14.903634|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269575|case de sante de kodith]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.59628|-14.944372|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269576|poste de sante doué]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.625718|-15.043883|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269577|case de sante fodé ass]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.609735|-14.969232|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269578|poste de sante de diatar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.630295|-14.915177|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269579|case de sante de donaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.636597|-14.864681|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269580|poste de sante mboyo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.637468|-14.801564|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269582|case de sante diama alwaly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.607|-14.773444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269583|case de korkadie]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.615423|-14.737455|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269584|case de sante de ouro maley]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.498527|-14.561343|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269585|case de sante cogga diéry]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.435792|-14.424694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269586|case de sante athie baly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.232625|-14.592769|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269587|case de sante fondé ass]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.610287|-14.967574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269588|case de sante nghaole]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.6629|-14.994204|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269589|poste de sante guede chantier]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.5506|-14.756213|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269590|case de sante kodielel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.315015|-14.782823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269591|case de boki ndoulo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.356524|-14.707401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269592|case de sante thiakli]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.406523|-14.729544|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269593|case de sante pétél dieguess]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.421701|-14.766462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269594|poste de sante mafré]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.442713|-14.864106|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269595|poste de sante belel kélé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.467455|-14.816346|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269596|case de sante nenette]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.442019|-14.800588|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269597|case de sante kadione 2]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.13208|-14.837259|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269598|boubba gériatrie de ndioum]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.513351|-14.636342|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269599|case de sante de doubangué]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.497808|-14.541977|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269600|poste de sante de dodel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.487475|-14.430823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269601|Clinique Dr Sall]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.490222|-14.434755|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269602|case de sante de diomandou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.49306|-14.441712|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269603|poste de sante touldé gallé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.498928|-14.503277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269606|infirmerie maison d'arrêt et de correction]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.644697|-14.95464|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269607|case de sante de aba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.414049|-14.639872|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269608|case de sante de thiélaw]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.578589|-14.558926|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269609|case de sante ndioum walo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.518542|-14.647402|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269610|case de sante kahel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.503951|-14.601668|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269611|ipress de podor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.64982|-14.955947|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269612|poste de sante tarédji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.527374|-14.858503|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269613|case mboubi ndiyam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.386918|-14.581373|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269614|Case de sante wourou maham]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.436346|-14.586619|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269615|Case de sante ngane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.587885|-14.616606|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269616|case de sante de moudouwaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.639453|-14.698661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269617|case de sante gawde bofe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.199402|-14.918017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269618|case de sante namarde]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.955964|-14.757404|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269619|case de sante gadati]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.995603|-14.677613|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269620|poste de sante namarel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.034728|-14.751576|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269621|case de sante bombode]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.224626|-14.716304|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269622|posté de sante de ndioum]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.513933|-14.644009|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269623|poste de sante de gamadji saré]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.519614|-14.696608|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269624|Poste de santé de Démèt]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.56859|-14.278096|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269625|case de sante de belly thiowy]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.559773|-14.338416|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269626|poste de sante de sinthiou dangdé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.578755|-14.338588|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269627|infirmerie camp militaire]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.667808|-14.961264|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269683|centre de sante richard toll]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.461175|-15.676205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269684|poste de sante el hadji malick sy]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.466478|-15.678925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269685|case de sante de temey lewa]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.322828|-15.769147|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269686|poste sante de thiago]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.398437|-15.721538|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269687|poste de sante de ndombo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.437891|-15.696871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269689|case de sante ndiakhaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.192359|-15.820418|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269690|case de sante de sanéinte]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.242226|-15.799581|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269691|établissement public de sante de richard toll]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.468822|-15.689134|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269692|cabinet paramédical sokhna mame diarra bousso]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.451019|-15.686625|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269693|cabinet médical thierno souleymani baal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.463243|-15.67504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269694|cabinet médical le walo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.465523|-15.687839|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269695|poste de sante de diaglé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.208875|-15.691983|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269696|case de sante de Lamo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.078776|-15.596289|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269697|case de sante de Mbélogne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.093559|-15.687859|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269698|case de santé Bélinamary]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.155399|-15.656173|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269699|infirmerie SENEINDIA]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.183559|-15.786277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269700|Établissement public de sante de richard toll]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.468625|-15.689494|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269701|poste de santé Thiabax]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.453368|-15.685265|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269702|poste de sante gallo malick]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.463783|-15.673416|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269703|Poste de sante Sandjiry]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.438073|-15.697173|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269704|clinique dentaire macha allah]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.466347|-15.689176|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269705|case de sante ndiak fall]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.30818|-15.680703|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269707|posté de sante de bokhol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.528121|-15.401066|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269708|case de santé de Ndiarème]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.56134|-15.436231|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269709|posté de sante gae]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.576801|-15.445414|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269710|posté de sante de santhiaba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.519997|-15.509863|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269711|cabinet dentaire de Mbane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.517659|-15.509708|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269712|case de sante goumel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.547596|-15.504631|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269713|dispensaire mission catholique dagana]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.510979|-15.510444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269714|case de sante darou salam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.510734|-15.513636|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269715|poste de sante secteurs IV-V]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.510895|-15.500285|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269716|infermerie mac]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.520058|-15.509381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269717|centre de sante de dagana]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.510774|-15.513127|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269718|poste de sante mbilor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.48436|-15.559694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269719|poste de sante guidakhar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.512682|-15.623609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269720|case de sante keur mbaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.477808|-15.605341|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269721|poste de sante niassante]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.196655|-15.540172|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269722|case de sante geum yalla]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.523766|-15.34764|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269723|centre sanitaire secondaire richard toll]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.460346|-15.676393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269738|case de sante de pakh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.401545|-15.812051|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269739|infirmerie d'entreprise sde]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.187987|-15.906111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269740|case de sante gonio]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.039058|-16.225707|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269742|poste de sante de yamane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.110625|-15.990851|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269743|infirmerie d'entreprise west africa farms]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.10751|-15.992308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269744|poste de sante de gnith]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.175668|-15.912609|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269745|case de sante de ndiokhor île]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.188465|-15.879265|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269746|case de sante de nder]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.265447|-15.876056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269747|poste de sante de mbane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.270605|-15.798188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269748|case de sante raynabé 2]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.256876|-16.134582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269749|case de sante de thilène]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.264713|-16.180695|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269750|case de sante de ndiagabal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.225647|-16.232083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269751|case de ndiougou mbéresse]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.213361|-16.250205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269752|case de sante de bari diam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.18049|-16.275754|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269753|case de sante de ndéllé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.166066|-16.286197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269754|poste de sante de savoigne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.170447|-16.308044|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269755|case de sante de ndiol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.147998|-16.310006|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269756|poste de sante debi tiguette]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.471754|-16.280072|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269757|case de sante de djiouthi]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.359374|-16.274391|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269758|infirmerie scl]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.198395|-16.412953|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269759|case de sante mboumbène]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.097921|-16.404308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269760|case de sante taba tach]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.104512|-16.411937|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269761|case de sante taba hametou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.134966|-16.41182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269762|case de sante taba darou salam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.153596|-16.409645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269763|infirmerie cadre omvs]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.210771|-16.389452|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269764|poste de sante diama]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.20908|-16.39935|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269765|case de sante thiagar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.484724|-15.853935|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269766|poste de sante rosso 2]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.495956|-15.822774|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269767|poste de sante mbagam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.491554|-15.782327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269768|plateau médical seydina alioune]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.465174|-15.693571|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269769|service médical CSS Richard-Toll]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.467409|-15.708353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269770|case de sante de colonat]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.416053|-15.856071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269771|poste de sante taouey]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.459069|-15.696636|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269773|poste de sante richard toll escale croix rouge]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.466756|-15.696991|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269774|case de sante de ndilim]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.210836|-15.947941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269775|centre de sante de ross béthio]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.272839|-16.137291|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269776|case de sante ronkh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.239791|-16.216405|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269777|case de sante de ndioungou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.217307|-16.245854|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269779|case de sante de ndiaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.195748|-16.261582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269780|case de sante guiladou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.374145|-15.940061|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269781|case de sante nadiel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.362014|-15.964841|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269782|infirmerie casl]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.288461|-16.096871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269784|case de sante diadiam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.398051|-16.147612|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269786|poste de sante diawar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.459188|-16.046793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269787|poste de sante kassak nord]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.402019|-16.019202|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269788|poste de sante kassak sud]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.392836|-15.997616|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269789|poste de sante ronkh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.471197|-15.994403|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269790|case de sante de khor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.496278|-15.910411|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269791|poste de sante ndiaténe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.495636|-15.869241|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269792|service médical ipres]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.466087|-15.697133|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269793|poste de sante ndombo- alarba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.438434|-15.703355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269794|poste de sante mboundoum]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.400659|-16.074723|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269795|poste de sante rosso 1]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.503434|-15.812906|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269797|case de sante taba treize]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.157121|-16.384733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269798|case de sante taba darou salam 2]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.153596|-16.409645|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270050|poste de sante de sor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.025184|-16.48933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270051|Poste de Santé/Marternité de khor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.033203|-16.471514|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270053|case de santé Sor diagne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.984844|-16.489688|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270055|Service Medico social des Etudiants CROUS]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.066732|-16.426556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270056|CERPAD (Centre de Recherche et de Prise en charge Ambulatoire de la Drépanocytose)]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.049303|-16.433257|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270058|clinique el hadji adama wade]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.031075|-16.49154|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270059|poste de sante de fass ngom]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.93127|-16.327763|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270061|case de sante de takh mbeut]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.024552|-16.262677|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270062|Case de santé de Ndabé Sow]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.873819|-16.266598|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270064|case de sante teud biti ndogal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.96053|-16.180538|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270065|case de sante de khelcom diop]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.906546|-16.335166|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270067|case de sante bidiam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.858447|-16.31867|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270069|Association Sénégalaise pour le bien-être des familles (ASBEF)]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.9933|-16.489962|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270070|Case de Santé de Ngaye Ngaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.95843|-16.45432|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270073|Case de Santé de Ndièl mbam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.940028|-16.493183|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270074|Centre de recherche biomedicale espoir pour la sante]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.027001|-16.489143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270075|case de sante de mbaye mbaye sarr]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.881096|-16.308545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270076|case de sante de grand mpal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.921658|-16.261035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270077|case de sante de semel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.928971|-16.347113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270078|case de sante mbathiass]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.865433|-16.34685|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270079|Case de sante de Ricott]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.865321|-16.488401|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270081|case de sante ndakhare]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.944556|-16.224913|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270083|Clinique Médicale Dr VENN]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.028247|-16.504109|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270084|case de sante gantour]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.891956|-16.426233|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270086|case de sante de lampsar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.108819|-16.347113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270088|Direction de la medecine du travail de l'UGB]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.065614|-16.419591|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270089|case de sante de maka toubé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.018944|-16.44631|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270090|poste de sante de bango]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.065882|-16.4514|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270092|Terres Rouges]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.020768|-16.489816|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270093|Centre medico social]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.022105|-16.489566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270095|Poste de Santé Sud]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.022683|-16.505277|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270097|case de sante ndioube nane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.982914|-16.299745|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270098|case de sante de mérina sall]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.83928|-16.361528|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270100|poste de sante de ndar toute]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.028605|-16.508207|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270102|Case de Santé du quartier Hydrobase]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.003754|-16.509518|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270103|case de sante de ndialakhar peulh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.988215|-16.357562|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270105|case de sante de pelour]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.844068|-16.43795|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270106|Case de Santé Ngué Gallakh Peulh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.971754|-16.370863|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270107|case de sante ndiebène toube]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.984852|-16.442325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270109|infirmerie gds]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.077145|-16.38227|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270111|case de sante ndialakhar wolof]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.984868|-16.376997|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270113|Centre medical de Deh Momar Gary]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.062625|-16.456246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270114|case de sante touba guéne]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.861149|-16.39217|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270116|Poste de santé pikine sor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.998919|-16.495406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270117|case de sante de ngui nguélakh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.936438|-16.376479|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270119|case de sante ndiakhip]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.922563|-16.365244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270120|posté de sante de sor daga]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.997523|-16.489654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270122|Case de sante de Darou Moumbaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.839845|-16.513299|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270123|Centre de santé de Saint Louis]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.011101|-16.493345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270124|Poste de Goxu-mbacc]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.043647|-16.506829|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270125|case de sante de mouit]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.866819|-16.506864|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270126|poste de sante rao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.919937|-16.397549|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270127|poste de sante de ngallele]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.040776|-16.445422|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270129|Infirmerie privée Yaye Bineta]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.064583|-16.450161|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270130|Poste de santé de khor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.033123|-16.471516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270132|Case de santé de Ndiakhere]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.934125|-16.452104|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270133|case de sante de leybar boye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.982618|-16.468113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270134|case de sante de ndiawdoune]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.067572|-16.391225|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270135|Samu]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.039746|-16.447|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270136|poste de sante de mbarigo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.083454|-16.3635|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270138|case de sante miguéne boye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.020364|-16.359089|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270139|poste de sante tassinere]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.886586|-16.508995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270140|poste de sante pmi de sor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.025607|-16.497966|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270141|clinique médicale la corniche]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.025771|-16.489276|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270142|Laboratoire cerpad]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.049003|-16.433472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270143|centre medical crous]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.06656|-16.426148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270144|Clinique laress]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.068385|-16.419594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270145|maternité poste de sante guet ndar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.019225|-16.509056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270146|poste sante hydrobase]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.005125|-16.508543|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270147|centre médical de garnison nord]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.034605|-16.502997|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270148|centre médico-social de la croix rouge]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.020098|-16.490167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270149|posté de sante pikine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.99909|-16.495322|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270150|poste de sante_ pmi de ngaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.048298|-16.379451|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270151|clinique le sine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.920248|-16.272381|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270152|case de sante tall bakhlé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.994191|-16.20834|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270153|poste de sante de gandon]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.962954|-16.446716|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270154|centre de sante de mpal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.919104|-16.270267|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270155|case de sante chifatoul askham boubacar médina baye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|15.927651|-16.289677|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270157|suma urgences]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.01887|-16.499368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270158|centre de sante de saint_louis]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.010812|-16.493221|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270159|case de sante de mbakhana]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q273779|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31303712|Rao]]'' | {{Coord|16.090649|-16.368748|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270171|case de sante de wallah]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.218642|-13.969|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270172|poste de sante de borobé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.18371|-13.895604|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270173|poste de sante de saldé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.164445|-13.881657|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270174|case de sante de diaranguel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.213497|-13.921848|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270176|case de sante de guirwass]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.763939|-14.17783|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270177|case de sante thiame thillé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.676701|-14.160626|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270178|poste de sante ndiayene peulh]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.619215|-14.389715|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270179|poste de sante de pouté]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.648381|-14.23477|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270180|poste de sante karawendou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.900385|-14.155188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270181|poste de sante bokkè dialoubé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.062726|-13.998273|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270182|poste de sante lougue]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.064432|-13.91396|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270183|poste de sante guay kadar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.873491|-14.322135|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270184|case de sante de ngouy]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.141457|-13.929015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270185|centre de sante de galoya]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.064799|-13.860915|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270186|case de sante mbolo aly sidy]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.055834|-13.79549|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270187|case de sante de thikité]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.15831|-13.968385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270188|case de sante de lour]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.944655|-14.028125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270189|poste de sante boké mbaybé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.052621|-13.995032|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270190|case de sante toundé gandé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.09148|-13.857943|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270191|case de sante thiaborlé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.087945|-13.887981|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270192|poste de sante sinthiou amadou mayram]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.14894|-13.723468|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270193|poste de sante boguel bely edy]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.01862|-13.837311|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270195|poste de sante thioulouki]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.983739|-13.913558|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270197|case de santé thilambol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.070307|-13.834516|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270198|poste de sante diaba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.057693|-13.767339|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270199|poste de sante de galoya]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.076611|-13.855617|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270200|poste de sante de mbolo birane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.06124|-13.811927|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270202|case de sante yawaldé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.770287|-14.308591|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270203|poste de sante yawalde irlabe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.770546|-14.308504|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270204|centre de sante pété]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.101612|-13.954996|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270206|poste de diongui]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.171727|-13.978525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270208|PHARMACIE]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.060955|-13.811464|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270282|Poste de Santé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.522775|-15.223762|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270283|case de sante de mawdou thiaski]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.308076|-14.99244|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270284|case de sante de séno bowol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.361357|-15.13129|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270286|poste de sante de ganina]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.058887|-15.133264|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270287|poste de sante niandane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.588562|-14.991166|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270288|croix rouge wouré diéri]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.499177|-14.92812|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270290|poste de sante et maternité de ndiayene pendao]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.499433|-15.049786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270292|case belal bocar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.426816|-15.289071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270293|Case de santé de Wouro Mbodji]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.5575|-15.259546|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270295|Case de sante Saldé Fanaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.529879|-15.27123|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270296|poste de sante ndieurba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.525699|-15.317931|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270298|case de sante de hamat ndoulo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.275464|-15.169368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270299|poste de sante de thiangaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.52636|-15.171194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270300|case de sante de dimath walo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.536653|-15.112694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270302|poste de sante de diamath]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.511334|-15.124735|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270303|centre de sante thielé boubacar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.519053|-15.090786|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270305|case de sante darou salam 1]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.585165|-15.162214|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270306|Poste de santé Diagnoum]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.517229|-15.146179|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270307|case de sante de bakaho]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.595377|-15.088949|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270308|case de sante lodé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.166027|-15.322797|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270309|case de sante wendou oldou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.169931|-15.391207|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270310|poste de sante tatqui]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.230504|-15.282857|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270311|case de santebelelel agabe]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.252214|-15.394897|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270312|case de sante wouro kelle]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.602391|-15.044925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270313|poste de sante loumboudou doué]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.647833|-15.075274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270314|case de sante thiewle]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.491269|-15.008742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270315|case de sante hiwirgo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.445811|-15.022419|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270316|Croix rouge Thiawlé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|16.491335|-15.008941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269543|District Sanitaire de Sédhiou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q589848|Sédhiou]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066333|Sédhiou Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863770|Diende Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.707133|-15.561136|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269544|Poste de Santé Faye-Coly]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q589848|Sédhiou]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066333|Sédhiou Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863772|Djibabouya arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.868775|-15.94647|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269545|Centre de santé de Goudomp]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q589848|Sédhiou]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2066279|Goudomp Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863773|Djibanar arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.573557|-15.874566|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134556650|Albert-Royer National Children's Hospital]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | {{Coord|14.694369|-17.465851|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269493|PRESTAVET]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086832|Koumpentoum Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126223625|Bamba Tialene]]'' | {{Coord|13.973976|-14.568209|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269498|Poste de sante de Dougue]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2075487|Goudiry Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126224046|Bouinguel Bamba]]'' | {{Coord|13.992817|-12.672871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269499|Centre de Santé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2075487|Goudiry Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126224046|Bouinguel Bamba]]'' | {{Coord|13.972761|-12.343733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269542|District Sanitaire de Dinkhe Makhan]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2075487|Goudiry Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126224185|Dianké Makan]]'' | {{Coord|13.681319|-12.662515|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269677|Poste de Santé de BOTOU]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086236|Tambacounda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863834|Koussanar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.804782|-13.582406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269731|Case de santé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086236|Tambacounda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2392138|Missirah arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|13.353649|-13.349115|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269732|Case de sante de Namanderi]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q429338|Bakel]]'' | {{Coord|14.915768|-12.590995|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140825007|Centre de gériatrie Souleymane-Kanté]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q600693|Thiès]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139604886|Diakhao Hospital]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3524782|Thiès Nord]]'' | {{Coord|14.798301|-16.939174|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269653|Infirmerie]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.765689|-16.890686|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269654|Hôpital des Élèves]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.793779|-16.934356|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269655|Ecole De Ante-Development Maternite]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.745147|-16.898715|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269656|Administration]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795706|-16.935685|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269657|Geriatrics/Social Services]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795963|-16.936273|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269658|Laboratory/Dental Clinic]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795733|-16.937223|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269659|Consultation PNT]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.796043|-16.935874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269660|Storage]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795553|-16.936925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269661|Pediatrics]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795683|-16.936036|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269662|Maternity]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795625|-16.936465|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269663|Pharmacy Stock Building]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795926|-16.93675|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269664|Radiology]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795828|-16.937018|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269665|Conference Center]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.796149|-16.9363|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269666|Inpatient/Hospitalization]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795402|-16.936598|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269667|Pharmacy/Opthalmology]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.796096|-16.935663|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269668|Clinique La Conception]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795791|-16.927348|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269669|Lunetiers sans frontières]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.795973|-16.935251|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269670|Clinique Foulo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.794677|-16.924071|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269671|Bio Ahwa du Rail]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.773089|-16.934688|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269726|Dispensaire des ICS]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863906|Meouane arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.108229|-16.843075|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269727|Poste de Santé Merina Dakhar]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863909|Merina Dakhar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.105741|-16.549573|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269728|Case de Santé de Ngadiaga]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863909|Merina Dakhar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.090232|-16.534016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269729|Case de Santé Tabby]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863909|Merina Dakhar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.071358|-16.525147|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269730|District sanitaire de Mékhé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863909|Merina Dakhar Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.107961|-16.627191|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269810|Maternite du Poste de Sante]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863929|Niakhene Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|15.2652|-16.406863|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269936|clinique racine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863949|Pambal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.954187|-16.806246|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269938|serigne niane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863949|Pambal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.960663|-16.806117|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269939|YA SALAM]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863949|Pambal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.941378|-16.826185|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269940|clinique ya salam]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863949|Pambal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.941382|-16.826149|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269941|poste de santé Medine]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863949|Pambal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.943093|-16.813454|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269942|Clinique Goumoune]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863949|Pambal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.964718|-16.811733|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269943|clinique dentaire Serigne Babacar SY]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126219489|Tivaoune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863949|Pambal Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.95421|-16.820874|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270230|Poste de santé Véronique Baroin]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864042|Séssène Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.153367|-16.823917|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270233|Case de Santé Keur Lamane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864033|Sindia]]'' | {{Coord|14.609646|-17.092808|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270234|Dispensaire et Maternité de Diass]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864033|Sindia]]'' | {{Coord|14.638064|-17.080778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270236|Cabinet Médical - Dr. Fatou Vertongen-Niane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864033|Sindia]]'' | {{Coord|14.36231|-16.934019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270237|Maternité Soeurs du Sacré Coeur]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864033|Sindia]]'' | {{Coord|14.468276|-16.986643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270238|Allo Docteur]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864033|Sindia]]'' | {{Coord|14.444271|-17.000108|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270239|Poste de santé Varedo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864033|Sindia]]'' | {{Coord|14.41779|-16.965293|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270317|district sanitaire Fiacre Coly de Khombole]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q847682|Thiès Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864063|Thienaba Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|14.760766|-16.683435|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269824|Maternité municipale de Yeumbeul Nord]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3572236|Yeumbeul Nord]]'' | {{Coord|14.775472|-17.359833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269809|Peace Hospital]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q202776|Ziguinchor]]'' | {{Coord|12.568859|-16.276309|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269651|Dispensaire Didia]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087854|Bignona Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863825|Kataba I Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.928471|-16.739281|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269801|Dr Amadou Camara]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863922|Niaguis Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.58061|-16.269923|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269802|Poste de santé municipal de Kandé 2]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863922|Niaguis Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.567143|-16.257537|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269803|Clinique Paramédicale Saint-Antoine de Padoue]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863922|Niaguis Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.566319|-16.288231|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269804|Poste de Santé de Colobane]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863922|Niaguis Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.575424|-16.293201|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269806|Poste de Santé Santa Yalla]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863922|Niaguis Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.574321|-16.285661|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269807|Dispensaire Municipal Collette Senghor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863922|Niaguis Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.573203|-16.278813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127269808|Poste de santé de Niaguis]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2863922|Niaguis Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.567845|-16.172914|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270240|Poste de Santé de Sindian]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087854|Bignona Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2864032|Sindian Arrondissement]]'' | {{Coord|12.966058|-16.181536|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127270271|District Sanitaire de Thionck-Essyl]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2087854|Bignona Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126225896|Tendouk]]'' | {{Coord|12.793785|-16.509606|display=inline}} | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 1ppwgzdt9u4ofjb63dei6ffz0ttrc5m Ifeoma Onyefulu 0 70497 632035 620857 2026-08-19T16:02:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632035 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifeoma Onyefulu''' tí wọ́n bí lọ́dún 1959 oǹkọ̀wé ọmọdé, oǹkọ̀wé ìtàn-àròsọ àti afẹ̀rọyàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]. Ó di gbajúmọ̀ ìlúmọ̀ọ́ká nípa ìwé àwòrán rẹ̀ tí ó ṣe fi ṣe àfihàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ abúlé rẹ̀ nílẹ̀ adúláwò [[Afíríkà]].<ref name="onyefulu-bio"/><ref name=":0">"Ifeoma Onyefulu." ''Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors'', Gale, 2007. ''Gale Literature Resource Center''</ref> Wọ́n bí Ifeoma ní ìlú [[Onitsha]], ní [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra]] ní [[Nigeria]].<ref name="onyefulu-bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifeomaonyefulu.co.uk/biography.htm|title=Biography of Ifeoma Onyefulu|website=www.ifeomaonyefulu.co.uk|access-date=2018-05-24|archive-date=2018-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903080533/http://ifeomaonyefulu.co.uk/biography.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>Ó jẹ́ ọmọ bíbí ìran Ìgbò ni Nigeria, ṣùgbọ́n tí ó ń gbé ní [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan|United Kingdom]]. Ó jẹ́ oṣìṣẹ́ ayàwòrán fún ìwé ìròyìn, [[The Caribbean Times|Caribbean Times]] from 1986-87.<ref name=":0" /> ==Àwọn ìwé rẹ̀== * ''A Is for Africa: An Alphabet in Words and Pictures,'' Cobblehill Books (New York, NY), 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifeoma Onyefulu (1959-) Biography - Personal, Addresses, Career, Writings, Sidelights|url=https://biography.jrank.org/pages/1257/Onyefulu-Ifeoma-1959.html|website=biography.jrank.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> * ''Emeka's Gift: An African Counting Story,'' Cobblehill Books (New York, NY), 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Children's Book Review: Emeka's Gift: An African Counting Book by Ifeoma Omyefulu, Author, Ifeoma Onyefulu, Author, Alex Ayliffe, Illustrator Dutton Books $14.99 (32p) ISBN 978-0-525-65205-2|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-525-65205-2|website=PublishersWeekly.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> * ''Ogbo: Sharing Life in an African Village,'' Cobblehill Books (New York, NY), 1996, published as ''One Big Family: Sharing Life in an African Village,'' Frances Lincoln ([[Lọndọnu|London]], England), 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogbo - Ifeoma Onyefulu|url=http://buchindan13.gotdns.ch/330.html|website=buchindan13.gotdns.ch|access-date=2020-05-27}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''Chidi Only likes Blue: An African Book of Colors,'' Cobblehill Books (New York, NY), 1997.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Onyefulu|first=Ifeoma|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/8568568|title=Chidi only likes blue an African book of colors|date=1997|publisher=New York Cobblehill Books|isbn=978-0-525-65243-4|edition=1st American}}</ref> * ''Grandfather's Work: A Traditional Healer in Nigeria,'' Millbrook (Brookfield, CT), 1998, published as ''My Grandfather Is a Magician: Work and Wisdom in an African Village,'' Frances Lincoln (London, England), 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifeoma Onyefulu (1959-) Biography - Personal, Addresses, Career, Writings, Sidelights|url=https://biography.jrank.org/pages/1257/Onyefulu-Ifeoma-1959.html|website=biography.jrank.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> * ''Ebele's Favourite: A Book of African Games,'' Frances Lincoln (London, England), 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebele's Favourite: A Book of African Games by Onyefulu, Ifeoma Paperback Book 9781845071868|url=https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/3wAAAOSw135dfTdc/s-l400.jpg|website=eBay|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> * ''A Triangle for Adaora: An African Book of Shapes,'' Dutton Children's Books (New York, NY), 2000.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Johnson|first1=Nancy J.|last2=Giorgis|first2=Cyndi|date=2001|title=Children's Books: Interacting with the Curriculum|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_reading-teacher_2001-10_55_2/page/204|journal=The Reading Teacher|volume=55|issue=2|pages=204–213|jstor=20205032|issn=0034-0561}}</ref> * ''Saying Goodbye: A Special Farewell to Mama,'' Millbrook (Brookfield, CT), 2001. * ''Welcome Dede!: An African Naming Ceremony,'' Frances Lincoln (London, England), 2003. * ''Here Comes Our Bride!: An African Wedding Story,'' Frances Lincoln (London, England), 2004. * ''African Christmas,'' Frances Lincoln (London, England), 2005.<ref name=":0" /> == Àwọn àmìn-ẹ̀yẹ tí ó ti gbà == Ìwé àwọn ọmọdé rẹ̀ kan tí ó kọ́ pẹ̀lú àkọ́lé, ''A is for Africa,''ni wọ́n yàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àwọn ọmọdé tó dára jù lọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/235034/ifeoma-onyefulu|title=Ifeoma Onyefulu {{!}} Penguin Random House|website=PenguinRandomhouse.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref> Bẹ́ẹ̀ náà ló gbàmìn-ẹ̀yẹ ìwé àwọn ọmọdé tí '''Africana Book Award''', fún ìwé rẹ̀, ''Here Comes the Bride'' lọ́dún 2004 àti fún ìwé rẹ̀, ''Ikenna Goes to Nigeria'' lọ́dún 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africaaccessreview.org/childrens-africana-book-awards/caba-past-winners/|title=CABA Winners|date=2018-05-22|website=Africa Access|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref> Bákan náà, ó gbàmìn-ẹ̀yẹ fún ìwé ọmọdé ni orílẹ̀ èdè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Amẹ́ríkà]] fún ìwé rẹ̀, ''Here Comes the Bride'' lọ́dún 2005 àti fún ''Ikenna Goes to Nigeria'' lọ́dún 2008. ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} lnn8uxafhufi1vn12s7u3e0dnz7go26 Àtòjọ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àgbáyé 0 70589 632095 576927 2026-08-19T17:46:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632095 wikitext text/x-wiki Èyí ni àtòjọ àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè Olómìnira ní àgbáyé pẹ̀lú àlàyé lórí ipò àti gbajúmọ̀ wọn. Àpapọ̀ wọn jẹ́ ẹ́fàlénígba (206) tí a lè pín sí abala mẹ́ta tí ó dá lé ìbáṣepọ̀ wọn pẹ̀lú àjọ àgbáyé, [[United Nations]], tí wọ́n jẹ́ 193, àti àwọn yòókù,<ref name="unms">{{cite web|title=United Nations Member States|url=https://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml|publisher=United Nations|author=Press Release ORG/1469|access-date=November 3, 2019|date=3 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230101646/http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml#|archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> méjì nínú wọn ṣì wà lábẹ́ ìwòye [[United Nations General Assembly observers|observer states]] tí mọ́kànlá (11) kosi lára wọn. Abala '''ipò òmìnira''ló ṣàfihàn àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí òmìnira wọn kò ì tí ì dúró ṣinṣin, wọ́n jẹ́ orílẹ̀ èdè 190, àti ipò àwọn mìíràn bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Ṣíṣe àtòjọ àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè báyìí máa ń ṣòro, nítorí kò sí àwòmọ́ tàbí àmúyẹ kan pàtó láti dá orílẹ̀ èdè Olómìnira mọ̀. Fún àlàyé sí i lórí àwọn àmúyẹ tí a wò láti ṣe àtòjọ àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè wọ̀nyí, ẹ jọ̀wọ́, ẹ wo abala ìsàlẹ̀ yìí ''[[#Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]]''. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ni a gbàgbọ́ pé wọ́n ní ipò ''[[de facto]]'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilẹ̀ Olominira, bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, èyí kì í ṣe ìfọwọ́sí pé wọ́n jẹ ilẹ̀ Olómìnira tí ó bá òfin mu. ==Àtòjọ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àgbáyé == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="background:white; text-align:left;" ! width=300pt|Orúkọ wọn ! width=150pt|Ipò ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ wọn ní àjọ [[United Nations System|UN System]]{{efn|This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the [[United Nations]].<ref name="unms"/> It also indicates which non-member states participate in the [[United Nations System]] through membership in the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] or one of the [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|specialized agencies of the United Nations]]. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the [[International Court of Justice]].}} ! width=150pt|Àléébù ipò òmìnira wọn{{efn|This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.}} ! class="unsortable" |Àlàyé síwájú síi lórí ipò òmìnira wọn{{efn|Information is included on: * The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at [[List of states with limited recognition]], * Membership in the [[European Union]],{{efn|name="EU"}} where applicable, * Any [[Dependent territory#Summary by country|dependencies]], if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state, * [[Federation|federal structure]] of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at [[Federated state]], * Any [[List of autonomous areas by country|autonomous areas]] inside the territory of the sovereign state, * Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state, * Any [[Government in exile|governments in exile]] recognised by at least one state.}} |- style="background:Darkgrey;" |style="text-align:center;"|<span style="display:none">A AAA</span> |<span style="display:none">A AAA</span> |<span style="display:none">A AAA</span> | |- style="background:Lightgrey;" |style="text-align:center;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>↓ [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] and [[United Nations General Assembly observers|observer states]] ↓ |<span style="display:none">A AAA</span> |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span> | |- <!--This is not Abkhazia's entry, but just a link to the "non-UN members" part below. The "UN member state" text keeps this link in place when sorting; it is not visible.--> |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Abkhazia → [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Afghanistan"></span>'''{{flag|Afghanistan}}'''&nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |<span style="display:none">A</span> [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member state]] |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Albania"></span>'''{{flag|Albania}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Albania |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Algeria"></span>'''{{flag|Algeria}}'''&nbsp;– People's Democratic Republic of Algeria |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Andorra"></span>'''{{flag|Andorra}}'''&nbsp;– Principality of Andorra |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Andorra is a [[Diarchy|co-principality]] in which the office of head of state is jointly held ''ex officio'' by the [[President of France|French president]] and the bishop of the Roman Catholic [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|diocese of Urgell]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders |title=Andorra country profile |work=BBC News |accessdate=8 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215064605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders#leaders |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> who himself is appointed with approval from the [[Holy See]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Angola"></span>'''{{flag|Angola}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Angola |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Antigua and Barbuda"></span>'''{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Antigua and Barbuda is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"|Commonwealth realms are members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] in which the head of state is Queen [[Elizabeth II]]. The realms are sovereign states; see [[Commonwealth realm#Relationship of the realms|Relationship of the realms]].}} with one autonomous region, [[Barbuda]].{{efn|name="autonomous"|For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see [[List of autonomous areas by country]].<ref>{{cite web |author = Government of Antigua and Barbuda |title = Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act |work = Laws of Antigua and Barbuda |url = http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf |accessdate = 10 November 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706071022/http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf |archive-date = 6 July 2011 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }}</ref>}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Argentina"></span>'''{{flag|Argentina}}'''&nbsp;– Argentine Republic{{efn|The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Argentina is a [[federation]] of [[Provinces of Argentina|23 provinces and one autonomous city]].{{efn|name="ArgentineAntarctica"|Argentina's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of ''[[Argentine Antarctica]]'' (''Antártida Argentina'') is one of five constituent [[Departments of Argentina|departments]] of the province [[Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina|Tierra del Fuego]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.patagonia-argentina.com/en/tierradelfuego/|title=Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica|website=Patagonia-Argentina|accessdate=September 12, 2020}}</ref>}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Armenia"></span>'''{{flag|Armenia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Armenia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state | style="background:LightCoral;"|Not recognised by [[#Pakistan|Pakistan]]. {{extent}}Armenia is [[Armenia–Pakistan relations|not recognised]] by Pakistan due to [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|the dispute]] over [[#Artsakh|Artsakh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf|title=Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan|publisher=Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee|date=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219074354/http://foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813064453/http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html# |date=13 August 2011 }} 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325|title=Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy|publisher=News.Az|date=5 February 2014|accessdate=17 February 2014|quote=We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223095734/http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325|archive-date=23 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Artsakh → [[#Artsakh|Artsakh]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Australia"></span>'''{{flag|Australia}}'''&nbsp;– Commonwealth of Australia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Australia is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} and a [[federation]] of both [[States and territories of Australia|states and territories]]. There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are: * {{noflag|[[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]}} * {{flag|Christmas Island}} * {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} * {{noflag|[[Coral Sea Islands Territory]]}} * {{noflag|[[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]}} * {{flag|Norfolk Island}} * ''{{noflag|[[Australian Antarctic Territory]]}}'' |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Austria"></span>'''{{flag|Austria}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Austria |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the [[European Union]].{{efn|The member states of the [[European Union]] have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of [[supranational union]]. The EU has 27 member states.<ref>[http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/index_en.htm Europa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518074450/http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/index_en.htm# |date=18 May 2011 }}, retrieved 28 February 2011</ref>|name="EU"}} Austria is a [[federation]] of [[States of Austria|nine states]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Azerbaijan"></span>'''{{flag|Azerbaijan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Azerbaijan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] {{efn|name="autonomous"}} The ''de facto'' state of [[#Artsakh|Artsakh]] has been established in the southwest of Azerbaijan. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Bahamas"></span>'''{{flag|Bahamas, The}}'''&nbsp;– Commonwealth of The Bahamas<ref>{{cite web|title=Bahamas, The {{!}} The Commonwealth|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bahamas|website=thecommonwealth.org|accessdate=12 March 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309082734/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bahamas#|archive-date=9 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}The Bahamas is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Bahrain"></span>'''{{flag|Bahrain}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Bahrain |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Bangladesh"></span>'''{{flag|Bangladesh}}'''&nbsp;– People's Republic of Bangladesh |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Barbados"></span>'''{{flag|Barbados}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Barbados is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Belarus"></span>'''{{flag|Belarus}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Belarus |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Belgium"></span>'''{{flag|Belgium}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Belgium |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Belgium is a [[federation]] of [[Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium|three linguistic communities and three regions]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Belize"></span>'''{{flag|Belize}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Belize is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Benin"></span>'''{{flag|Benin}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Benin |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Bhutan"></span>'''{{flag|Bhutan}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Bhutan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Bolivia"></span>'''{{flag|Bolivia}}'''&nbsp;– Plurinational State of Bolivia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Bosnia and Herzegovina"></span>'''{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent ''entities'': * {{noflag|[[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]}} * {{flag|Republika Srpska}} and [[Brčko District]], a self-governing administrative ''district''.<ref name="Stjepanović2015">{{cite journal |title=Dual Substate Citizenship as Institutional Innovation: The Case of Bosnia's Brčko District |journal=Nationalism and Ethnic Politics |date=2015 |pages=382–383 |first=Dejan |last=Stjepanović |volume=21 |issue=4 |doi=10.1080/13537113.2015.1095043 |s2cid=146578107 |issn=1353-7113 |eissn=1557-2986 |oclc=5927465455 }}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Botswana"></span>'''{{flag|Botswana}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Botswana |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Brazil"></span>'''{{flag|Brazil}}'''&nbsp;– Federative Republic of Brazil |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Brazil is a [[federation]] of [[States of Brazil|26 states and one federal district]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Brunei"></span>'''{{flag|Brunei}}'''&nbsp;– Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Bulgaria"></span>'''{{flag|Bulgaria}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Bulgaria |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Burkina Faso"></span>'''{{flag|Burkina Faso}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Burma → [[#Myanmar|Myanmar]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Burundi"></span>'''{{flag|Burundi}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Burundi |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Cambodia"></span>'''{{flag|Cambodia}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Cambodia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Cameroon"></span>'''{{flag|Cameroon}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Cameroon |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Canada"></span>'''{{flag|Canada}}'''{{efn|The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: [[Name of Canada]], [[Dominion]].}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Canada is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} and a [[Canadian federalism|federation]] of [[Provinces and territories of Canada|10 provinces and three territories]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Cape Verde"></span>'''{{flag|Cape Verde}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Cabo Verde{{efn|The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/|title=Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change|author=Tanya Basu|magazine=[[National Geographic]]|date=14 December 2013|accessdate=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020000546/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/#|archive-date=20 October 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Central African Republic"></span>'''{{flag|Central African Republic}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Chad"></span>'''{{flag|Chad}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Chad |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Chile"></span>'''{{flag|Chile}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Chile |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}{{efn|name="ChileanAntarctic"|Chile's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of the ''[[Chilean Antarctic Territory|Chilean Antarctic]]'' (''Antártica Chilena'') is a [[Communes of Chile|commune]] of the [[Antártica Chilena Province]] of the [[Magallanes Region]].}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="China"></span>'''{{flag|China}}'''&nbsp;– People's Republic of China{{efn|name="ChinaTaiwan"|The [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as [[Chinese Taipei]], or by another [[Chinese Taipei#Other alternative references to Taiwan|alternative name]].}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state | style="background:LightCoral;" |[[Foreign relations of China#International recognition of the People's Republic of China|Partially unrecognised]]. {{claimedby|ROC}} {{extent}}China contains five autonomous regions, [[Guangxi]], [[Inner Mongolia]], [[Ningxia]], [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], and [[Xinjiang]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} Additionally, it has sovereignty over the [[Special administrative regions of China|Special Administrative Regions]] of: * {{flag|Hong Kong}} * {{flag|Macau}} China claims, but does not control [[#Taiwan|Taiwan]], which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.{{efn|name="TAI2"|In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Communist Party of China]] (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in [[Taipei]]. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the [[political status of Taiwan|political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free area of the Republic of China|territories]] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organisation withdrew as a consequence of this but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative]] of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]". The ROC has ''de facto'' relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan independence]].}} China is not recognised by [[Foreign relations of China#Countries that have no diplomatic relations with the PRC|{{numrec|Republic of China|link=N|N=1}}]] UN member states and the [[Holy See]], which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognise Taiwan instead.{{efn|See also [[Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China]] and [[Foreign relations of China]].}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|China, Republic of → [[#Taiwan|Taiwan]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Colombia"></span>'''{{flag|Colombia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Colombia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Comoros"></span>'''{{flag|Comoros}}'''&nbsp;– Union of the Comoros |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Comoros is a [[federation]] of [[Politics of the Comoros#Autonomous islands|three islands]].{{efn|name="federal"|More information on more or less [[federation|federal]] structures can be found at a [[Federation#Modern 'federations'|List of federations]].<ref>Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.</ref>}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Congo, Democratic Republic of the"></span>'''{{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}'''{{efn|Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as [[Zaire]], its official name from 1971 to 1997.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Congo, Republic of the"></span>'''{{flag|Congo, Republic of the}}'''{{efn|Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Cook Islands → [[#Cook Islands|Cook Islands]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Costa Rica"></span>'''{{flag|Costa Rica}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Costa Rica |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Côte d'Ivoire → [[#Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Croatia"></span>'''{{flag|Croatia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Croatia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Cuba"></span>'''{{flag|Cuba}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Cuba |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Cyprus"></span>'''{{flag|Cyprus}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Cyprus |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state | style="background:LightCoral;" |Not recognised by [[#Turkey|Turkey]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/|publisher=CNN|title=Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey|author=Andreas S. Kakouris|date=9 July 2010|accessdate=17 May 2014|quote=Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518074323/http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/#|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><!-- and [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]{{cn|date=17 May 2014}} --> {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} The northeastern part of the island is the ''de facto'' state of [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]. Cyprus is not recognised by [[#Turkey|Turkey]] due to the [[Cyprus dispute]], with Turkey recognising [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Czech Republic"></span>'''{{flag|Czech Republic}}'''{{efn|A simpler official short name has been encouraged by the Czech government, "''Czechia''". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organisations. See [[Name of the Czech Republic]].}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Democratic People's Republic of Korea → [[#Korea North|Korea, North]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Democratic Republic of the Congo → [[#Congo, Democratic Republic of the|Congo, Democratic Republic of the]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Denmark"></span>'''{{flag|Denmark}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Denmark |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} The [[Kingdom of Denmark]] includes 2 self-governing territories: * {{flag|Faroe Islands}} * {{flag|Greenland}} The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom.{{efn|The designation "Denmark" can refer either to continental Denmark or to the short name for the entire Kingdom of the [[Danish Realm]] (e.g. in international organizations).}} The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law [[Greenland Treaty|does not apply]] to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_12710.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=20 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910005827/http://www.stm.dk/_p_12710.html |archivedate=10 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_12712.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=20 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214060548/http://www.stm.dk/_p_12712.html |archivedate=14 February 2014 }}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Djibouti"></span>'''{{flag|Djibouti}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Djibouti |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Dominica"></span>'''{{flag|Dominica}}'''&nbsp;– Commonwealth of Dominica |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Dominican Republic"></span>'''{{flag|Dominican Republic}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="East Timor"></span>'''{{flag|East Timor}}'''&nbsp;– Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste{{efn|The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the official English name of the country.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Ecuador"></span>'''{{flag|Ecuador}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Ecuador |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Egypt"></span>'''{{flag|Egypt}}'''&nbsp;– Arab Republic of Egypt |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="El Salvador"></span>'''{{flag|El Salvador}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of El Salvador |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Equatorial Guinea"></span>'''{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Equatorial Guinea |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Eritrea"></span>'''{{flag|Eritrea}}'''&nbsp;– State of Eritrea |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Estonia"></span>'''{{flag|Estonia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Estonia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Eswatini"></span>'''{{flag|Eswatini}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Eswatini{{efn|Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Ethiopia"></span>'''{{flag|Ethiopia}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Ethiopia is a [[federation]] of [[Regions of Ethiopia|nine regions and two chartered cities]]. <!--The European Union is not a sovereign state and should not be included--> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Fiji"></span>'''{{flag|Fiji}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Fiji |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Fiji contains one autonomous region, [[Rotuma]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}<ref>{{Cite book | title = Laws of Fiji | place = Suva, Fiji | publisher = Government of Fiji | year = 1927 | volume = | edition = 1978 | chapter = Rotuma Act | chapterurl = http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html | accessdate = 10 July 2010 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621140255/http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html |archivedate=21 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author = Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister |title = Chapter 122: Rotuma Act |work = Laws of Fiji |publisher = [[University of the South Pacific]] |year = 1978 |url = http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/ |accessdate = 10 November 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110301163146/http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/# |archive-date = 1 March 2011 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Finland"></span>'''{{flag|Finland}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Finland |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} * {{flag|Åland}} is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.{{efn|name="autonomous"}}{{efn|[[Åland Islands|Åland]] was demilitarised by the [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1856, which was later affirmed by the [[League of Nations]] in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="France"></span>'''{{flag|France}}'''&nbsp;– French Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} France contains five [[Overseas department and region|overseas regions/departments]]; [[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]. France also includes the [[Overseas France|overseas territories]] of: * {{noflag|[[Clipperton Island]]}} * {{flag|French Polynesia}} * {{flag|New Caledonia}} * {{noflag|[[Saint Barthélemy]]}} * {{noflag|[[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]]}} * {{noflag|[[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]}} * {{noflag|[[Wallis and Futuna]]}} * {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}{{efn|name="Adélie"|France's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of ''[[Adélie Land]]'' (''Terre Adélie'') is one of five constiuent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Gabon"></span>'''{{flag|Gabon}}'''&nbsp;– Gabonese Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Gambia"></span><span style="display:none">Gambia</span> '''{{flag|Gambia, The}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of The Gambia<ref>{{cite web|title=The Gambia profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376517|website=BBC News|accessdate=12 March 2018|date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311064543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376517#|archive-date=11 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Georgia"></span>'''{{flag|Georgia}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Georgia contains two autonomous republics, [[Adjara]] and [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} In [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]], ''de facto'' states have been formed. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Germany"></span>'''{{flag|Germany}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Republic of Germany |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Germany is a [[federation]] of [[States of Germany|16 states]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Ghana"></span>'''{{flag|Ghana}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Ghana |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Greece"></span>'''{{flag|Greece}}'''&nbsp;– Hellenic Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Greece contains one autonomous area, [[Mount Athos]].<ref>Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Grenada"></span>'''{{flag|Grenada}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Grenada is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Guatemala"></span>'''{{flag|Guatemala}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Guatemala |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Guinea"></span>'''{{flag|Guinea}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Guinea{{efn|Also known as Guinea-Conakry.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Guinea-Bissau"></span>'''{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Guinea-Bissau |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Guyana"></span>'''{{flag|Guyana}}'''&nbsp;– Co-operative Republic of Guyana |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Haiti"></span>'''{{flag|Haiti}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Haiti |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Holy See → [[#Vatican City|Vatican City]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Honduras"></span>'''{{flag|Honduras}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Honduras |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Hungary"></span>'''{{flag|Hungary}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Iceland"></span>'''{{flag|Iceland}}'''{{efn|name="Republic"|While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland|title=Iceland - Culture, History, & People|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718220132/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland#|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/26th-gegn-docs/WP/WP54_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%202011.pdf# |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811023432/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/26th-gegn-docs/WP/WP54_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%202011.pdf# |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |website=unstats.un.org |format=PDF}}</ref> and sometimes its counterpart ''Lýðveldið Ísland'' in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970|title=Hvert er formlegt heiti landsins okkar?|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722022935/http://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970#|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> One example of the former is the name of the [[Constitution of Iceland]], which in Icelandic is ''Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands'' and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, note that in this usage "republic" is not capitalised.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="India"></span>'''{{flag|India}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of India |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}India is a [[federation]] of [[States and territories of India|28 states and eight union territories]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Indonesia"></span>'''{{flag|Indonesia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Indonesia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Indonesia has five autonomous [[Provinces of Indonesia|provinces]], [[Aceh]], [[Jakarta]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Iran"></span>'''{{flag|Iran}}'''&nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Iran |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Iraq"></span>'''{{flag|Iraq}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Iraq |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Iraq is a [[federation]]{{efn|name="federal"}}<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf Iraqi constitution] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160518175432/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf |date=18 May 2016 }}</ref> of [[Governorates of Iraq|19 governorates]], four of which make up the autonomous [[Kurdistan Region]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Ireland"></span>'''{{flag|Ireland}}'''{{efn|"Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official ''description'' in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger [[Ireland|island of Ireland]], however, this is officially deprecated.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=46 |pages=72–90 |number=1 |date=January 2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies |doi=10.1086/508399 |jstor=10.1086/508399 |title=The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-british-studies_2007-01_46_1/page/72 |last=Daly |first=Mary E. |doi-access=free }}</ref> See [[names of the Irish state]].}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Israel"></span>'''{{flag|Israel}}'''&nbsp;– State of Israel |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state | style="background:LightCoral;" |[[International recognition of Israel|Partially unrecognised]] {{extent}}Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by [[#Palestine|Palestine]]. Israel annexed [[East Jerusalem]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm|title=Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel|website=www.knesset.gov.il|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905144734/http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm#|archive-date=5 September 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> an annexation not recognised by the international community.<ref name=dis>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html |title=Disputes: International |publisher=CIA World Factbook |accessdate=8 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215411/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html# |archive-date=14 May 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Israel maintains [[West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord|varying levels of control]] over the rest of the [[West Bank]], and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the [[Gaza Strip]], following its [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|unilateral disengagement]], it is still considered by some to be the occupying power under international law.<ref>{{cite web |last = Gold |first = Dore |author2 = Institute for Contemporary Affairs |title = Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws |work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3 |publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs |date = 26 August 2005 |url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |accessdate = 16 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm# |archive-date = 21 June 2010 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last = Bell |first = Abraham |title = International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense |work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29 |publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs |date = 28 January 2008 |url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |accessdate = 16 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm# |archive-date = 21 June 2010 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title = Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference |publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel |date = 22 January 2008 |url = http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print |accessdate = 16 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111026025009/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches%2Bby%2BIsraeli%2Bleaders/2008/Address%2Bby%2BFM%2BLivni%2Bto%2Bthe%2B8th%2BHerzliya%2BConference%2B22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print# |archive-date = 26 October 2011 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Salih | first = Zak M. | title = Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status | publisher = [[University of Virginia School of Law]] | date = 17 November 2005 | url = http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm | archive-date = 3 March 2016 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation |publisher = Human Rights Watch |date = 29 October 2004 |url = https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm |accessdate = 16 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081101210931/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm# |archive-date = 1 November 2008 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref> Israel is not recognised as a state by [[International recognition of Israel|32 UN members]] and the [[#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. The [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], which enjoys recognition by a majority of UN member states as the sole representative of the Palestinian people, also does not recognise Israel. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Italy"></span>'''{{flag|Italy}}'''&nbsp;– Italian Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} [[Italy]] has 5 autonomous regions, [[Aosta Valley]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]] and [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Ivory Coast"></span>'''{{flag|Ivory Coast}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Côte d'Ivoire{{efn|The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Jamaica"></span>'''{{flag|Jamaica}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Jamaica is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Japan"></span>'''{{flag|Japan}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Jordan"></span>'''{{flag|Jordan}}'''&nbsp;– Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Kazakhstan"></span>'''{{flag|Kazakhstan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Kazakhstan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Kenya"></span>'''{{flag|Kenya}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Kenya |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Kiribati"></span>'''{{flag|Kiribati}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Kiribati |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Korea North"></span>'''{{flag|Korea, North}}'''&nbsp;– Democratic People's Republic of Korea |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|SKOREA}} {{extent}}North Korea is not recognised by three UN members, [[#France|France]], [[#Japan|Japan]], and [[#Korea South|South Korea]], the last of which claims to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html |title = Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea |accessdate = 27 October 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090313123054/http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html# |archive-date = 13 March 2009 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Korea South"></span>'''{{flag|Korea, South}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Korea |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|NKOREA}} {{extent}}South Korea has one autonomous region, [[Jeju Island|Jejudo]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Keun Min|title=Greetings|publisher=Jeju Special Self-Governing Province|url=http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|accessdate=10 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502123553/http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02#|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> South Korea is not recognised by [[#Korea North|North Korea]], which claims to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Kosovo → [[#Kosovo|Kosovo]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Kuwait"></span>'''{{flag|Kuwait}}'''&nbsp;– State of Kuwait |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Kyrgyzstan"></span>'''{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}'''&nbsp;– Kyrgyz Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Laos"></span>'''{{flag|Laos}}'''&nbsp;– Lao People's Democratic Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Latvia"></span>'''{{flag|Latvia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Latvia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Lebanon"></span>'''{{flag|Lebanon}}'''&nbsp;– Lebanese Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Lesotho"></span>'''{{flag|Lesotho}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Lesotho |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Liberia"></span>'''{{flag|Liberia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Liberia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Libya"></span>'''{{flag|Libya}}'''&nbsp;– State of Libya |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Liechtenstein"></span>'''{{flag|Liechtenstein}}'''&nbsp;– Principality of Liechtenstein |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Lithuania"></span>'''{{flag|Lithuania}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Lithuania |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Luxembourg"></span>'''{{flag|Luxembourg}}'''&nbsp;– Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Macedonia → [[#North Macedonia|North Macedonia]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Madagascar"></span>'''{{flag|Madagascar}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Madagascar |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Malawi"></span>'''{{flag|Malawi}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Malawi |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Malaysia"></span>'''{{flag|Malaysia}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Malaysia is a [[federation]] of [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|13 states and three federal territories]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Maldives"></span>'''{{flag|Maldives}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Maldives |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Mali"></span>'''{{flag|Mali}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Mali |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Malta"></span>'''{{flag|Malta}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Malta |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Marshall Islands"></span>'''{{flag|Marshall Islands}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Marshall Islands |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Mauritania"></span>'''{{flag|Mauritania}}'''&nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Mauritania |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Mauritius"></span>'''{{flag|Mauritius}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Mauritius |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Mauritius has an autonomous island, [[Rodrigues]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Mexico"></span>'''{{flag|Mexico}}'''&nbsp;– United Mexican States |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Mexico is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of Mexico|31 states and one autonomous city]]. The [[Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities]] have de facto autonomy. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Micronesia"></span>'''{{flag|Micronesia}}'''&nbsp;– Federated States of Micronesia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]]. The Federated States of Micronesia is a [[federation]] of [[Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia|four states]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Moldova"></span>'''{{flag|Moldova}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Moldova |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Moldova has the autonomous regions of [[Gagauzia]] and [[Transnistria autonomous territorial unit]]. The latter is under the ''de facto'' control of [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Monaco"></span>'''{{flag|Monaco}}'''&nbsp;– Principality of Monaco |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Mongolia"></span>'''{{flag|Mongolia}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Montenegro"></span>'''{{flag|Montenegro}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Morocco"></span>'''{{flag|Morocco}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Morocco |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Part of the Moroccan-claimed [[Western Sahara]] is controlled by the partially recognised [[#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Mozambique"></span>'''{{flag|Mozambique}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Mozambique |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Myanmar"></span>'''{{flag|Myanmar}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Union of Myanmar{{efn|The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See [[Names of Myanmar]].}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}[[Wa State]] is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Nagorno-Karabakh → [[#Artsakh|Artsakh]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Namibia"></span>'''{{flag|Namibia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Namibia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Nauru"></span>'''{{flag|Nauru}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Nauru |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Nepal"></span>'''{{flag|Nepal}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Nepal is a [[federation]] composed of [[Provinces of Nepal|7 provinces]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Netherlands"></span>'''{{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}'''<!--Link to state instead of country--> – Kingdom of the Netherlands<!-- Note that the Netherlands is not the sovereign state, the Kingdom is—see [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#The distinction between the Netherlands and "the Kingdom"]]. --> |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} The [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] includes four areas with substantial autonomy: * {{flag|Aruba}} * {{flag|Curaçao}} * {{flag|Netherlands}} * {{flag|Sint Maarten}} The continental part of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three other overseas territories ([[Bonaire]], [[Saba]], and [[Sint Eustatius]]) are [[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]] of the continental Netherlands.{{efn|The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to the continental Netherlands or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations).}} The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="New Zealand"></span>'''{{flag|New Zealand}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}New Zealand is a [[Commonwealth realm]],{{efn|name="realm"}} and has one dependent territory and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territory of: * {{flag|Tokelau}} * ''{{noflag|[[Ross Dependency]]}}'' The [[Realm of New Zealand]] has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely [[associated state]]s: * {{flag|Cook Islands}} * {{flag|Niue}} The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with {{Numrel|CK|alt2= |}} and {{Numrel|Niue|alt2= |}} UN members respectively.<ref>{{cite web |author = Federal Foreign Office of Germany |title = Beziehungen zu Deutschland |publisher = Government of Germany |date = November 2009 |url = http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html |accessdate = 16 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100723070259/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html# |archive-date = 23 July 2010 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }} For more information, see [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands]].</ref><ref>{{cite web |author = China Internet Information Centre |title = Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue |publisher = Xinhua News Agency |date = 13 December 2007 |url = http://www.china.org.cn/english/international/235447.htm |accessdate = 16 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090801154715/http://www.china.org.cn/english/international/235447.htm# |archive-date = 1 August 2009 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations |title=Foreign Affairs |publisher=United Nations |url=http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html |accessdate=16 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004083335/http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html |archivedate=4 October 2014 }}</ref> They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,<ref name="untreaty1">{{cite web |url=http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=15 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403031600/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |archivedate=3 April 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and are members of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Nicaragua"></span>'''{{flag|Nicaragua}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Nicaragua |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur|Atlántico Sur]] and [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte|Atlántico Norte]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Niger"></span>'''{{flag|Niger}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Niger |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Nigeria"></span>'''{{flag|Nigeria}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Republic of Nigeria |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Nigeria is a [[federation]] of [[States of Nigeria|36 states and one federal territory]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Niue → [[#Niue|Niue]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|North Korea → [[#Korea North|Korea, North]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="North Macedonia"></span>'''{{flag|North Macedonia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of North Macedonia{{efn|Formerly known constitutionally as the Republic of Macedonia from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the [[Macedonia naming dispute]] with [[Greece]]. Following the [[Prespa agreement]] going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed to North Macedonia.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Northern Cyprus → [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Norway"></span>'''{{flag|Norway}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Norway |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Norway has two [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated areas]] in Europe: * {{noflag|[[Svalbard]]}} is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the [[Svalbard Treaty]]. * {{noflag|[[Jan Mayen]]}} is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated. Norway has one [[Dependencies of Norway|dependent territory]] and two [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territories in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]: * {{noflag|[[Bouvet Island]]}} * ''{{noflag|[[Peter I Island]]}}'' * ''{{noflag|[[Queen Maud Land]]}}'' |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Oman"></span>'''{{flag|Oman}}'''&nbsp;– Sultanate of Oman |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Pakistan"></span>'''{{flag|Pakistan}}'''&nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Pakistan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Pakistan is a [[federation]] of [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|four provinces and one capital territory]]. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of [[Kashmir]], but has not officially annexed any of it,<ref>Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author = Aslam, Tasnim |title = Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part... |url = http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374 |newspaper = Outlook India |publisher = The Outlook Group |date = 11 December 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111213213928/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374 |archive-date = 13 December 2011 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all |access-date = 27 February 2011 }}</ref> instead regarding it as a disputed territory.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Williams | first = Kristen P. | title = Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | year = 2001 | pages = 154–155 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OYmurpH3ahsC | isbn = 978-0-275-96934-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last = Pruthi | first = R.K. | title = An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century | publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. | year = 2001 | pages = 120–121 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC | isbn = 978-81-261-1091-9}}</ref> The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper: * {{flag|Azad Kashmir}} * {{flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}} Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-07-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812174212/http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14 |archivedate=12 August 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="gbtribune.files.wordpress.com">{{cite web |url=http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf# |title=To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The |format=PDF |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905063539/http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf# |archive-date=5 September 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="AJ&KHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.ajk.gov.pk/history.php|title=AJ&K History|accessdate=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106174235/http://www.ajk.gov.pk/history.php#|archive-date=6 January 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.<ref name="gbtribune.files.wordpress.com"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-aRAwAAQBAJ&q=azad+kashmir+gilgit+baltistan&pg=PA1100|title=Political Handbook of the World 2014|accessdate=5 October 2014|isbn=9781483333281|last1=Lansford|first1=Tom|date=2014-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf# |title=The Azad Jammu And Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974 |format=PDF |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013171853/http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Palau"></span>'''{{flag|Palau}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Palau |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Palestine"></span>'''{{flagcountry|State of Palestine}}'''&nbsp;– State of Palestine | style="background:LightSkyBlue;" |<span style="display:none">A</span> [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN observer state]]; member of 2 [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] | style="background:LightCoral;" | [[International recognition of the State of Palestine|Partially unrecognised]]. {{claimedby|ISRAEL}} {{extent}}The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel and has received diplomatic recognition from {{Numrec|Pal}} states.<ref>{{cite web|author=Palestine Liberation Organization|title=Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission|url=http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|publisher=Negotiations Affairs Department|accessdate=28 July 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818214013/http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|archivedate=18 August 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.<ref>See the following on statehood criteria: * {{cite web|author=Mendes, Errol|title=Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute|url=http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|pages=28, 33|date=30 March 2010|accessdate=17 April 2011|postscript=:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831190057/http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf#|archive-date=31 August 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice". * {{cite journal|author=McKinney, Kathryn M.|title=The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine|url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|journal=Seattle University Law Review|volume=18|issue=93|year=1994|page=97|publisher=Seattle University|accessdate=17 April 2011|postscript=:|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|archivedate=22 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory". * {{cite journal|author=McDonald, Avril|title=Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute|url=https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|journal=Human Rights Brief|volume=25|date=Spring 2009|publisher=Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law|accessdate=17 April 2011|postscript=:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329201731/https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0#|archive-date=29 March 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."</ref> The [[Palestinian National Authority]] is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the [[Oslo Accords]] that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the [[Palestinian territories]]. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]].<ref name="unnms"/> The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,<ref>{{cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|title=Arab States: Palestine|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=3 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104131813/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/#|archive-date=4 January 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> UNIDO, and an observer state in the UN. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Panama"></span>'''{{flag|Panama}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Panama |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Papua New Guinea"></span>'''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}'''&nbsp;– Independent State of Papua New Guinea |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Papua New Guinea is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} with one autonomous region, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Paraguay"></span>'''{{flag|Paraguay}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Paraguay |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Peru"></span>'''{{flag|Peru}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Peru |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Philippines"></span>'''{{flag|Philippines}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Philippines |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}The Philippines contains one autonomous region, [[Bangsamoro]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Poland"></span>'''{{flag|Poland}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Poland |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Portugal"></span>'''{{flag|Portugal}}'''&nbsp;– Portuguese Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Portugal contains two autonomous regions, [[Azores|the Azores]] and [[Madeira]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Pridnestrovie → [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Qatar"></span>'''{{flag|Qatar}}'''&nbsp;– State of Qatar |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Republic of Korea → [[#Korea South|Korea, South]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Republic of the Congo → [[#Congo, Republic of the|Congo, Republic of the]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Romania"></span>'''{{flag|Romania}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Russia"></span>'''{{flag|Russia}}'''&nbsp;– Russian Federation |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Russia is a [[federation]] of 85&nbsp;[[federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Rwanda"></span>'''{{flag|Rwanda}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Rwanda |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → [[#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Saint Kitts and Nevis"></span>'''{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}'''&nbsp;– Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Saint Kitts and Nevis is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} and is a [[federation]]{{efn|name="federal"}} of two islands, [[St. Kitts]] and [[Nevis]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Saint Lucia"></span>'''{{flag|Saint Lucia}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Saint Lucia is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"></span>'''{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Samoa"></span>'''{{flag|Samoa}}'''&nbsp;– Independent State of Samoa |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="San Marino"></span>'''{{flag|San Marino}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of San Marino |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="São Tomé and Príncipe"></span>'''{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}'''&nbsp;– Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, [[Príncipe]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Saudi Arabia"></span>'''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} <!--Sealand is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--> <!--Scotland is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Senegal"></span>'''{{flag|Senegal}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Senegal |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Serbia"></span>'''{{flag|Serbia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Serbia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Serbia contains two autonomous regions, [[Vojvodina]] and [[Kosovo and Metohija]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} The latter is under the ''de facto'' control of [[#Kosovo|Kosovo]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Seychelles"></span>'''{{flag|Seychelles}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Seychelles |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Sierra Leone"></span>'''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Sierra Leone |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Singapore"></span>'''{{flag|Singapore}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Singapore |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Slovakia"></span>'''{{flag|Slovakia}}'''&nbsp;– Slovak Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Slovenia"></span>'''{{flag|Slovenia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Slovenia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Solomon Islands"></span>'''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}The Solomon Islands is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Somalia"></span>'''{{flag|Somalia}}'''&nbsp;– Federal Republic of Somalia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Somalia is a federation of [[states and regions of Somalia|six states]]. Two, [[Puntland]] and [[Galmudug]], have self-declared autonomy, while one, [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]], is ''de facto'' independent. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Somaliland → [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="South Africa"></span>'''{{flag|South Africa}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of South Africa |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|South Korea → [[#Korea South|Korea, South]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>South Ossetia → [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="South Sudan"></span>'''{{flag|South Sudan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of South Sudan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}South Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of South Sudan|10 states and three administrative areas]]. * The [[Abyei|Abyei Area]] is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] in 2005. It is ''de jure'' a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but ''de facto'' administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.<ref name=UNISFA2017>{{cite web|url=https://unisfa.unmissions.org/statement-unisfa-recent-spate-attacks-abyei|title=Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei|website=UNmissions.org|date=18 October 2017|accessdate=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022254/https://unisfa.unmissions.org/statement-unisfa-recent-spate-attacks-abyei#|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=AbyeiName>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/17103/Abyei-Administration-Area-Changes-Name.aspx|title=Abyei Administration Area Changes Name|website=Gurtong.net|date=29 July 2015|accessdate=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022037/http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/17103/Abyei-Administration-Area-Changes-Name.aspx#|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Spain"></span>'''{{flag|Spain}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Spain |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Spain is divided into [[Autonomous communities of Spain|17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}{{efn|name="Plazas"|Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering [[Morocco]], known as the [[Plazas de soberanía]].}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Sri Lanka"></span>'''{{flag|Sri Lanka}}'''&nbsp;– Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka{{efn|Formerly known as [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]] until 1972.}} |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Sudan"></span>'''{{flag|Sudan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of the Sudan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of Sudan|18 states]]. * The [[Abyei|Abyei Area]] is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] in 2005. It is ''de jure'' a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but ''de facto'' administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.<ref name=UNISFA2017/><ref name=AbyeiName/> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Sudan, South → [[#South Sudan|South Sudan]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Suriname"></span>'''{{flag|Suriname}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Suriname |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Swaziland → [[#Eswatini|Eswatini]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Sweden"></span>'''{{flag|Sweden}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Sweden |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Switzerland"></span>'''{{flag|Switzerland}}'''&nbsp;– Swiss Confederation |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Switzerland is a [[federation]] of [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Syria"></span>'''{{flag|Syria}}'''&nbsp;– Syrian Arab Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}The [[National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces|Syrian National Coalition]], which is [[International recognition of the Syrian National Coalition|recognised]] as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an [[Syrian Interim Government|interim government]] to rule rebel controlled territory during the [[Syrian civil war]]. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: [[Rojava]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Taiwan (Republic of China) → [[#Taiwan|Taiwan]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Tajikistan"></span>'''{{flag|Tajikistan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Tajikistan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Tanzania"></span>'''{{flag|Tanzania}}'''&nbsp;– United Republic of Tanzania |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Tanzania contains one autonomous region, [[Zanzibar]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Thailand"></span>'''{{flag|Thailand}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Thailand |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|The Bahamas → [[#Bahamas, The|Bahamas, The]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|The Gambia → [[#Gambia, The|Gambia, The]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|Timor-Leste → [[#East Timor|East Timor]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Togo"></span>'''{{flag|Togo}}'''&nbsp;– Togolese Republic |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Tonga"></span>'''{{flag|Tonga}}'''&nbsp;– Kingdom of Tonga |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>Transnistria → [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]] |<span style="display:none">A UN member state</span> |<span style="display:none">A None</span> | |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Trinidad and Tobago"></span>'''{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Trinidad and Tobago |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, [[Tobago]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Tunisia"></span>'''{{flag|Tunisia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Tunisia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Turkey"></span>'''{{flag|Turkey}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Turkey |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Turkmenistan"></span>'''{{flag|Turkmenistan}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Tuvalu"></span>'''{{flag|Tuvalu}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Tuvalu is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Uganda"></span>'''{{flag|Uganda}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Uganda |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Ukraine"></span>'''{{flag|Ukraine}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]],{{efn|name="autonomous"}} however it is under the ''de facto'' control of [[#Russia|Russia]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="United Arab Emirates"></span>'''{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}''' |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}The United Arab Emirates is a [[federation]] of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|seven emirates]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="United Kingdom"></span>'''{{flag|United Kingdom}}'''&nbsp;– United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Former EU member in transition.{{efn|name="brexit"|The UK formally withdrew from the [[European Union]] on 31 January 2020. The state is currently in a provisional transition period out of the supranational union till 31 December 2020, see [[Brexit]], [[Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union|Post-Brexit relations]].}} The United Kingdom is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"||group=}} consisting of [[Countries of the United Kingdom|four constituent countries]]; [[England]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]]. The United Kingdom has the following 13 [[British Overseas Territories|overseas territories]] and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territory: * {{noflag|[[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]}} * {{flag|Anguilla}} * {{flag|Bermuda}} * {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} * {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} * {{flag|Cayman Islands}} * {{flag|Falkland Islands}} * {{flag|Gibraltar}} * {{flag|Montserrat}} * {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} * {{noflag|[[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]}} * {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} * {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} * ''{{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}'' The [[The Crown|British monarch]] also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing [[Crown dependencies]]: * {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}} * {{flag|Isle of Man}} * {{flag|Jersey}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="United States"></span>'''{{flag|United States}}'''&nbsp;– United States of America |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}The United States is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of the United States#States and their subdivisions|50 states]], one [[Washington, D.C.|federal district]], and one [[Palmyra Atoll|incorporated territory]]. Additionally, the [[Federal government of the United States]] has sovereignty over 13 [[unincorporated territories]]. Of these territories, the following five are inhabited possessions: * {{flag|American Samoa}} * {{flag|Guam}} * {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} * {{flag|Puerto Rico}} * {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories: * {{noflag|[[Baker Island]]}} * {{noflag|[[Howland Island]]}} * {{noflag|[[Jarvis Island]]}} * {{noflag|[[Johnston Atoll]]}} * {{noflag|[[Kingman Reef]]}} * {{noflag|[[Midway Atoll]]}} * {{noflag|[[Navassa Island]]}} * {{noflag|[[Wake Island]]}} It also disputes sovereignty over the following two territories: * ''{{noflag|[[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]}}'' * ''{{noflag|[[Serranilla Bank]]}}'' Three sovereign states have become [[associated state]]s of the United States under the [[Compact of Free Association]]: * {{flag|Marshall Islands}} – Republic of the Marshall Islands * {{flag|Micronesia}} – Federated States of Micronesia * {{flag|Palau}} – Republic of Palau |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Uruguay"></span>'''{{flag|Uruguay}}'''&nbsp;– Oriental Republic of Uruguay |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Uzbekistan"></span>'''{{flag|Uzbekistan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Uzbekistan |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, [[Karakalpakstan]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Vanuatu"></span>'''{{flag|Vanuatu}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Vanuatu |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Vatican City"></span>'''{{flag|Vatican City}}'''&nbsp;– Vatican City State | style="background:LightSkyBlue;" |<span style="display:none">A</span> [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN observer state]] under the designation of "[[Holy See]]"; member of three [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] and the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]] |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Administered by the [[Holy See]], a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to {{Numrec|Holy See|N=3||states}}. This figure consists of {{Numrec|Holy See|link=N}} UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|title=Bilateral relations of the Holy See|publisher=Holy See website|accessdate=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709142833/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html#|archive-date=9 July 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]], [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]], [[Universal Postal Union|UPU]], and [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]] and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")<ref name="unnms">{{cite web|title=Non-member States and Entities |url=https://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=30 August 2010 |date=29 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509204646/http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml |archivedate=9 May 2009 }}</ref> and [[Foreign relations of the Holy See#Participation in international organizations|multiple other UN System organizations]]. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the [[Pope]], who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ''[[ex officio]]'' sovereign of Vatican City. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Venezuela"></span>'''{{flag|Venezuela}}'''&nbsp;– Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}}Venezuela is a [[federation]] of [[States of Venezuela|23 states]], [[Administrative divisions of Venezuela|one capital district, and federal dependencies]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Vietnam"></span>'''{{flag|Vietnam}}'''&nbsp;– Socialist Republic of Vietnam |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Yemen"></span>'''{{flag|Yemen}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Yemen |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Zambia"></span>'''{{flag|Zambia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Zambia |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Zimbabwe"></span>'''{{flag|Zimbabwe}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Zimbabwe |<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state |<span style="display:none">A</span> None {{extent}} |- style="background:Lightgrey;" |style="text-align:center;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>↑ [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] and [[United Nations General Assembly observers|observer states]] ↑ |<span style="display:none">A ZZZ</span> |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span> | |- style="background:Darkgrey;" |style="text-align:center;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span> |<span style="display:none">AB</span> |<span style="display:none">B</span> | |- style="background:Lightgrey;" |style="text-align:center;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>↓ Other states ↓ |<span style="display:none">D AAA</span> |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span> |{{Anchor|Other states}} |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Abkhazia"></span>'''{{flag|Abkhazia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Abkhazia | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|GEORGIA}} {{extent}}[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Recognised by]] Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.<ref name=ASOTREC>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|date=17 November 2006|accessdate=5 June 2011|script-title=ru:Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же|publisher=newsru.com|language=Russian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416050525/http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html#|archive-date=16 April 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Artsakh"></span>'''{{flag|Artsakh}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Artsakh{{efn|Formerly known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, its official name from 1991 to 2017}} | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|AZERBAIJAN}} {{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,<ref name=montevideo/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Krüger, Heiko|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JDCQu-Us8sC&pg=PA55|page=55|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-3-642-11787-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes|title=Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan|url=http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan|newspaper=HULIQ.com|publisher=Hareyan Publishing, LLC|date=August 2010|accessdate=17 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123044441/http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan#|archive-date=23 November 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Foreign relations of Artsakh|recognised only by]] [[Abkhazia]],<ref name="NKRrecognition">[http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811164310/http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html# |date=11 August 2011 }}: "Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой", – сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. ... "...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики..." – сказал он."</ref> [[South Ossetia]]<ref name="NKRrecognition"/> and [[Transnistria]].<ref name="NKRrecognition"/><ref name="transgovt">{{cite web|url=http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html |title=In detail: The foreign policy of Pridnestrovie |publisher=[[Pridnestrovie]] |date=26 May 2010 |accessdate=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html |archivedate=11 May 2008 }}</ref> Claimed in whole by [[#Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823113424/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm# |date=23 August 2007 }} (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved 17 January 2006.</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Cook Islands"></span>'''{{flag|Cook Islands}}''' | style="background:lightgreen;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of eight [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] |<span style="display:none">A</span> None<br /><small>(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])</small> {{extent}}A state in [[associated state|free association]] with [[#New Zealand|New Zealand]], {{Numrel|CK|alt2=the Cook Islands maintains |diplomatic relations with|states|O=Y}}. The Cook Islands is a member of [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty making capacity.<ref name="untreaty1"/> It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Kosovo"></span>'''{{flag|Kosovo}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Kosovo | style="background:lightgreen;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of two [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|SERBIA}} {{extent}}Pursuant to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]], Kosovo was placed under the administration of the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|website=UN|accessdate=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225015010/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/#|archive-date=25 December 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kosovo [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declared independence in 2008]], and it has {{Numrec|Kos|received diplomatic recognition from|UN member states}} and the [[Republic of China]], while 18 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/22340--18-k-sl03032020?lang=lat ''"Sijera Leone je 18. država koja je povukla priznanje tzv. Kosova"'' − http://www.mfa.gov.rs/]</ref> Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank Group]]. The Republic of Kosovo has ''de facto'' control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Niue"></span>'''{{flag|Niue}}''' | style="background:lightgreen;"|<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of five [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] |<span style="display:none">A</span> None<br /><small>(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])</small> {{extent}}A state in [[associated state|free association]] with [[#New Zealand|New Zealand]], {{Numrel|Niue|alt2=Niue maintains |diplomatic relations with|states|O=Y}}. Niue is a member of [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty making capacity.<ref name="untreaty1"/> It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Northern Cyprus"></span>'''{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}'''&nbsp;– Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|CYPRUS}} {{extent}} [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|Recognised only by]] [[#Turkey|Turkey]]. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] and the [[Economic Cooperation Organization]]. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the [[#Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]].<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html The World Factbook|Cyprus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612050540/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html# |date=12 June 2007 }} (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2006.</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="SADR"></span>'''{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}''' | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|MOROCCO}} {{extent}}Recognised at some stage by {{Numrec|SADR||UN member states}}, {{Numrec|SADR|W=Y|link=N}} of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the [[African Union]] and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 [[Asian–African Conference]]. The territories under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], are claimed in whole by [[#Morocco|Morocco]] as part of its [[Southern Provinces]]. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of [[Western Sahara]] to the west of the [[Wall (Western Sahara)|Moroccan Wall]] controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[#Algeria|Algeria]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Somaliland"></span>'''{{flag|Somaliland}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of Somaliland | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|SOMALIA}} {{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,<ref name=montevideo>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|last1=Ker-Lindsay|first1=James|title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States|page=53|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2012|quote=In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognized by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland.|accessdate=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009041217/http://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC#|archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=live|isbn=9780199698394}}</ref><ref name=FailureofStates>{{cite journal|url=http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|last1=Kreuter|first1=Aaron|title=Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession|journal=[[Minnesota Journal of International Law]]|volume=19:2|pages=380–381|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Law School]]|year=2010|quote=Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.|accessdate=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead|archivedate=27 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name=AfricaReport>{{cite journal|url=http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|author=International Crisis Group|title=Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership|journal=[[The Africa Report]]|issue=110|pages=10–13|publisher=[[Jeune Afrique|Groupe Jeune Afrique]]|date=23 May 2006|accessdate=19 April 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|archivedate=20 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=PolSomaliland>{{cite journal|url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|last1=Mesfin|first1=Berouk|title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland|journal=ISS Paper|issue=200|page=8|publisher=[[Institute for Security Studies]]|date=September 2009|accessdate=19 April 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123043040/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|archivedate=23 November 2011|df=dmy}}</ref><ref name=StrangeCase>{{cite journal|url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|last1=Arieff|first1=Alexis|title=De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland|journal=[[Yale Journal of International Affairs]]|issue=Spring/Summer 2008|pages=1–79|publisher=International Affairs Council at Yale|accessdate=17 April 2011|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf#|archive-date=13 December 2011|url-status=live|archivedate=13 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> [[Foreign relations of Somaliland|not diplomatically recognised by]] any other state, claimed in whole by the [[#Somalia|Federal Republic of Somalia]].<ref name="Somalilandprofile">{{cite web|title=Somaliland profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|website=[[BBC News]]|date=14 December 2017|accessdate=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423054426/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069#|archive-date=23 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="South Ossetia"></span>'''{{flag|South Ossetia}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|GEORGIA}} {{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jansen, Dinah|title=The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|journal=Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security|pages=222–242|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie|isbn=978-1-896440-61-3|access-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819063355/https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm#|archive-date=19 August 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia]].<ref name="cnnAbSO">{{Cite news|title=Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|newspaper=CNN.com|publisher=Cable News Network|date=26 August 2008|accessdate=26 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829045537/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html#|archive-date=29 August 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Taiwan"></span>'''{{flag|Republic of China|name=Taiwan}}'''&nbsp;– Republic of China{{efn|name="ChinaTaiwan"}} | style="background:Orchid;" |<span style="display:none">D</span>[[China and the United Nations|Former UN member]] (as Republic of China, 1945–1971)<br />Observer in one [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agency]] under the name "[[Chinese Taipei]]" | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|PRC}} {{extent}}A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of [[Taiwan]] and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the [[Spratly Islands]], and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the [[Mainland China|mainland]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview |work=[[Taipei Times]] |date=8 October 2008 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320 |access-date=13 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603213128/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320# |archive-date=3 June 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The ROC is recognised by {{Numrec|ROC|asof=E|alt=UN member states and the Holy See as of}}. All these states do not recognise the PRC either. Additionally, one UN member ([[Bhutan]]) has [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#Entities with no relations with either ROC or PRC|refrained from recognising]] either the ROC or the PRC. The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.{{efn|name="TAI2"}} The ROC [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#Relations with international organizations|participates in international organizations]] under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "[[Chinese Taipei]]" and in the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] it has full membership. The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]]. See [[China and the United Nations]]. |- |style="vertical-align:top;"|<span id="Transnistria"></span>'''{{flag|Transnistria|state}}'''&nbsp;– Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:LightCoral;" |{{claimedby|MOLDOVA}} {{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,<ref name=montevideo/> [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognised only by]] Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia.<ref name=ASOTREC /> Claimed in whole by [[#Moldova|Moldova]] as the [[Transnistria autonomous territorial unit]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268 Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester]</ref> |- style="background:Lightgrey;" |style="text-align:center;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>↑ Other states ↑ |<span style="display:none">D ZZZ</span> |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span> | |- style="background:Darkgrey;" |style="text-align:center;"|<span style="display:none">ZZZZ</span> |<span style="display:none">ZZZZ</span> |<span style="display:none">ZZZZ</span> | |} {| |style="vertical-align:top;width:360px;"|'''Legend "Membership within the UN System" column''' {{legend|White|UN Member states}} {{legend|LightSkyBlue|UN Observer states}} {{legend|lightgreen|Member of a UN Specialized Agency}} {{legend|orchid|Observer in a UN Specialized Agency}} {{legend|LemonChiffon|No membership in the UN System}} |style="vertical-align:top;width:350px;"|'''Legend "Sovereignty dispute" column''' {{legend|White|Undisputed sovereignty}} {{legend|LightCoral|Sovereignty disputed}} |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} tjms65ecob668y0crgon95if37v87zx Àwọn Obìnrin Akọ̀yà ìlú Abẹ́òkúta 0 70619 632140 618921 2026-08-19T18:43:32Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632140 wikitext text/x-wiki  '''Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Àwọn Obìnrin Abeokuta''' (tí a tún le pè ní '''Ìrúkèrúdò Owó Orí Àwọn Obìnrin Egba''') jẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ ìtakò tí ẹgbẹ́ àwọn Obìnrin Abeokuta (AWU) ṣe ní bi ọdún 1940 soke. Itako yi ni o sele ni ilòdì sí ìfipámú owó orí àìtọ́ láti ọwọ́ ìjọba amúnisìn Nàìjíríà. Àwọn obìnrin Abeokuta gbàgbọ́ pé, lábẹ́ ìjọba amúnisìn, ipa wọn nínú ọrọ̀ ajé ń dínkù, nígbà tí owó orí wọn ń pọ̀ sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=|website=journals.ekb.eg|url=https://journals.ekb.eg/article_135841_0.html|access-date=2026-03-25}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ní àfikún, wọ́n jiyàn pé títí tí wọ́n o fi fún wọn ní aṣojú nínú ìjọba ìbílẹ̀, wọn kò gbọdọ̀ san owó orí ti o yato si ti àwọn ọkùnrin. Nítorí àtakò wọn, àwọn obìnrin mẹ́rin gba ipò ní ìgbìmọ̀ ìbílẹ̀, wọ́n sì dá owó orí àwọn obìnrin dúró.<ref>{{cite web|title=|website=search.credoreference.com|url=https://search.credoreference.com/redirect?path=entry&book_abbr=ghabd&entry_heading=ransome_kuti_funmilayo&seq=0|access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref> == Ìjọba Amunisin ìgbàanì == [[Fáìlì:Red_and_yellow_kola_nuts.jpg|thumb|Obi ni ọja Naijiria kan]] Ilu [[Abẹ́òkúta|Abeokuta,]] tí ó wà ní gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà je ilu ti eya [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] ń gbé, wọ́n dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1830, ó sì jẹ́ ilé àwọn ará [[Àwọn Ará Ẹ̀gbá|Egba]] àti Owu. Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, ìjọba ilẹ̀ [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan|British]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ni nan owo iṣàkóso si ilu [[Abẹ́òkúta|Abeokuta]], wọ́n sì bá àwọn ará [[Àwọn Ará Ẹ̀gbá|Egba]] tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ ṣe àdéhùn. Àdéhùn náà fún àwọn ará Ilẹ̀ Britain ní àwọn ọ̀nà ìṣòwò tí ó ṣí sílẹ̀ láti gba ilẹ̀ Egba kọjá “ní pàṣípààrọ̀ fún ìdámọ̀ràn ìjọba Eko fún òmìnira àti ààlà ìlú náà.” Àdéhùn yìí fún àwọn ará Egba ní òmìnira lórí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé wọn, ṣùgbọ́n nígbẹ̀yìn gbẹ́yín, ìjọba ilẹ̀ Britain rí ọ̀nà láti dá sí ètò yi lẹ́yìn ìṣòro ìṣèlú kan ti o sele ní ọdún 1897. Ìjọba ilẹ̀ [[Britain]] béèrè fún àtúntò ètò ìṣèlú ìlú náà, nítorí náà, wọ́n dá Egba United Government(EUG) sílẹ̀. Kí ètò tuntun náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ agbègbè fi o kéré tán obìnrin kan si inu egbe nan. Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, EUG jẹ́ kikida ọkùnrin nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n ètò ìṣèlú àti ètò ọrọ̀ ajé Abeokuta bere si ni gberu si. EUG náwó sí ètò amayederun àti ètò ọrọ̀ ajé, wọ́n ń kọ́ àwọn ọ̀nà àti ọjà, wọ́n sì ń mú kí àwọn ohun èlò bíi koko, epo pupa, obi, àti aṣọ tí wọ́n fi àwọ̀ indigo ṣe pọ̀ sí. Nígbà tí ó fi di bi owo ipari ọdún 1800 soke, Abeokuta ti di ibi tí ó jẹ́ ibùdó ọrọ̀ ajé ní [[Nàìjíríà Alámùúsìn|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ti ń ṣe ìjọba amúnisìn]], ó sì wà ní òmìnira.<ref>{{cite web|title=|website=journals.ekb.eg|url=https://journals.ekb.eg/article_135841_0.html|access-date=2026-03-25}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Orísun owó orí ní Abeokuta == [[Fáìlì:Locator_Map_Abeokuta-Nigeria.png|thumb|Maapu Nàìjíríà tó ń tọ́ka sí agbègbè Abeokuta]] Igbà tí [[Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1914 ni ìjọba àmúnisìn fi ri owo mun nínú ìdíwọ́ òmìnira Abeokuta. Ìlú náà di ọ̀kan lára ìjọba àmúnisìn pátápátá. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti bere isakoso lori ilu [[Abẹ́òkúta|Abeokuta]], àwọn aláṣẹ àmúnisìn dojú kọ ìṣòro pẹ̀lú ìdínkù owó tí ó pọ̀ sí. Ogun náà mú kí owó tí wọ́n ń gbà wọlé lori eru ti won ba ko wole pọ̀ sí kí wọ́n lè dín owó tí ìjọba ń san lórí owó tí wọ́n ń gbà láti kó awon eru jáde kù. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà díẹ̀, owó tí wọ́n ń gbà láti kó awon eru jáde kò tó, nítorí náà àwọn aláṣẹ àmúnisìn béèrè pé kí wọ́n fi le owó orí. Wọ́n kọ̀ láti se eyí. Láti ri wipe owo ti oun wole po si, àwọn aláṣẹ àdúgbò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí fi owó ìtanràn lé imototo, eyi ti oun se akude fun àwọn obìnrin oko àti ọjà. Àwọn owó ìtanràn wọ̀nyí jẹ́ bi ikuna lati gba ojude ile awon obinrin. Àwọn idajo fún àwọn owó ìtanràn wọ̀nyí kò ni ipa lori àwọn ọkùnrin. Níkẹyìn, wọ́n rí wipé owó ìtanràn náà lòdì sí òfin, wọ́n sì pa á run. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n fi owó orí kun fun awon obinrin, eyi ti o se dede owo ori awon okunrin, nítorí owó tí won fe ri gba lowo àwọn obìnrin. Ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kìíní ọdún 1918, àwọn olùgbé [[Abẹ́òkúta|Abeokuta]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí san owó orí. Láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti dá ètò owó orí sílẹ̀, wọ́n kà àwọn obìnrin [[Àwọn Ará Ẹ̀gbá|Egba]] sí àwọn ọkùnrin yàtọ̀. Owó orí àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ìlànà owó orí tí ìjọba àkóso ní agbègbè Àríwá ti kọ́kọ́ lò. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, àṣà [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] tí ó wà nílẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀, èyí tí kò dá àwọn obìnrin mọ̀ pé wọ́n yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ọkùnrin, ló fà á tí wọ́n fi ń retí pé kí àwọn obìnrin máa san owó orí loto. Oṣù mẹ́fà lẹ́yìn tí owo ori yi ti bere, ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ kan wáyé ní Abeokuta tí a mọ̀ sí [[Ogun Àdùbí|ogun Adubi]]. Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà ní ẹgbàáẹ́ẹdógún àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tí wọ́n ba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọ̀nà ojú irin àti tẹlifóònù jẹ́ ní gúúsù Abeokuta pẹ̀lú ìpànìyàn aṣojú ìṣòwò ará Yúróòpù kan àti olóye [[Àwọn Ará Ẹ̀gbá|Egba]] kan tí ó wà ní ipò gíga. Lẹ́yìn tí ìjọba àmúnisìn pa ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà run, wọ́n ṣe àwọn àyípadà díẹ̀ nípa ètò àti gbígbà owó, ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò mú owó orí kúrò lórí àwọn obìnrin.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Akubor|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Akubor|first2=Beatrice|title=Women Rising against Economic Depression and State Repression: The Nigeria Example|journal=Miṣriqiyā|publisher=Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research|volume=1|issue=1|date=2020-10-01|issn=2682-4124|doi=10.21608/misj.2020.42771.1003|pages=46–79}}</ref> == Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn obìnrin == [[Fáìlì:70_year_old_Funmilayo_Ransome-Kuti_on_her_birthday.png|thumb|Olori egbe awon obinrin Abeokuta Abeokuta Women's Union(AWU) Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] Nítorí owó orí tí ó le koko, Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Obìnrin Abeokuta (AWU) farahàn lábẹ́ ìdarí [[Fúnmiláyọ̀ Ransome-Kútì|Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], olórí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kan ní àdúgbò, ẹni tí ó ti gbọ́ nípa ìtiraka àwọn obìnrin ọjà. [[Grace Soyinka|Grace Eniola Soyinka,]] ìyàwó egbon rẹ̀, dara pọ̀ mọ́ ọn nínú ìdarí. AWU, "àjọ ìṣèlú kan tí ó sọ àwọn obìnrin ọjà àti àwọn obìnrin ti o kawe bíi Ransome-Kuti àti Soyinka di ọ̀kan, ni a ṣe láti kojú ìjọba amunisin àti ètò re." Láti fòpin sí ètò owó orí, AWU kọ "àwọn àbá láti rọ́pò owó orí tí kò ní ìwọ̀n lórí àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú owó orí lórí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ àjèjì, ìdókòwò nínú àwọn ètò ibile, títí kan ìrìnnà, ìmọ́tótó àti ẹ̀kọ́ àti imukuro adari okansiso àti fífi ìjọ́ba aṣojú rọ́pò rẹ̀, títí kan àwọn obìnrin." Àwọn obìnrin AWU jẹ́ àwọn olùṣètò tí ó munadoko, tí wọ́n bá ìjọba amúnisìn jà, pẹ̀lú onírúurú ọgbọ́n ìdènà. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn obìnrin kọ̀ láti san owó orí náà, wọ́n sì fi ẹ̀wọ̀n tàbí ìtanràn dé bá wọn. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Obìnrin [[Abeokuta]] kò dẹ́kun ìsapá wọn, wọ́n sì tẹ̀síwájú láti fi ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀bẹ̀ ránṣẹ́ sí [[Ladapo Ademola|Alake ti Abeokuta]] láàárín oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1946 sí oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1947. Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1946, àwọn aṣojú AWU pàdé pẹ̀lú Alake ṣùgbọ́n kò sí àbájáde kankan. Ipò náà burú sí nígbà tí Alake fikun “owó orí lórí àwọn obìnri, ìgbésẹ̀ tí àwọn ará ìlú Britain ń gbé lẹ́yìn.”<ref>{{cite web|title=For women and the nation : Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria : Johnson-Odim, Cheryl, 1948- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/forwomennationfu0000john|access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref> Nígbà náà ni AWU bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìwọ́de wọn, bíi rírìn níta ààfin ọba àti bíbéèrè fún ìfòpin sí owó orí tààrà. “Ní àárín oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1946, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti darí àwọn obìnrin tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ẹgbẹ̀rún kan lọ sí ààfin láti tako ofin náà.” Ìdáhùn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn aláṣẹ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ jẹ́ ìwà ìkà. Wọ́n gbé gaasi omijé jáde wọ́n sì lù àwọn obìnrin náà. Láìka àwọn ipò tó léwu sí, AWU ń ba ifiehonu han won lo, wọ́n sì te ìwé kan tí wọ́n pè ní Ẹ̀dùn-ọkàn AWU jáde ní ọdún 1947, èyí tó ṣàlàyé gbogbo ẹ̀sùn tí wọ́n fi kan Alake àti SNA. Lẹ́yìn àkójọ àwọn ẹ̀sùn náà, àwọn obìnrin náà tún ṣe àfihàn níta ààfin Alake, èyí tó gba ọjọ́ méjì. Àwọn obìnrin tó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá ló wà níbẹ̀.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fabiyi|first=Engr Rotimi|title=Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti And The Abeokuta Women Riots|website=Nigerian Voice|date=2016-08-17|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/226116/funmilayo-ransome-kuti-and-the-abeokuta-women-riots.html|access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref> “Nígbà ìwọ́de náà, àwọn obìnrin lo orin bíi èyí tí a túmọ̀ sí ìsàlẹ̀ láti fi ṣe ẹlẹ́yà Alake: Idowu [Alake], fún ìgbà pípẹ́ o ti ń lo nkan omokunrin re gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì àṣẹ pé o jẹ́ ọkọ wa. Lónìí a ó yí àṣẹ náà padà kí a sì lo nkan omobinrin wa láti ṣe ipa ọkọ lórí yín... Ẹ̀yin ọkùnrin, orí obo yóò wá ẹ̀san.” Ifiehonu han yi yọrí sí ki àwọn aláṣẹ ìjọba ṣèlérí fún àwọn obìnrin náà pé “a óò dá owó orí dúró, a ó sì fi ìpinnu ìkẹyìn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ náà hàn láàrín ọjọ́ mẹ́ta”. Àmọ́, èyí já sí ìlérí òfo mìíràn “bí wọ́n ṣe ń fi ìkọlù púpọ̀ sí i, tí wọ́n sì ń mú àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí”. Láìbẹ̀rù, àwọn obìnrin náà tún ṣètò ifi ehonu han mìíràn. Lẹ́ẹ̀kan sí ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù Kejìlá, “àwọn obìnrin tó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá pàgọ́ síta ààfin, wọ́n kọ̀ láti lọ títí gbogbo àwọn obìnrin tí wọ́n ti mú ni wọ́n fi tú sílẹ̀. Wọ́n kúrò ní ààfin ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá nígbà tí wọ́n tú àwọn obìnrin tí wọ́n ti wà nínú ẹ̀wọ̀n sílẹ̀.” Lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí, AWU tẹ̀síwájú láti fi ẹ̀bẹ̀ wọn ránṣẹ́ sí ìjọba ilẹ̀ Britain, nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yín wọ́n sọ pé àwọn ló borí. Ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kìíní ọdún 1949, “Alake kúrò lórí ìtẹ́, ètò SNA si di yiyipada, àwọn obìnrin mẹ́rin sì ní ipò nínú ètò ìṣàkóso tuntun náà.” Díẹ̀ lára àwọn àṣeyọrí wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n yí padà lẹ́yìn náà (Alake padà sí agbára, owó orí ti won se je pipare fún ìgbà díẹ̀). Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Obìnrin [[Abeokuta]] ti ṣẹ́gun ní ijoba amunisin ni orílẹ̀-èdè, ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò dúró síbẹ̀. Àwọn obìnrin náà tẹ̀síwájú láti máa gbèjà ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn obìnrin ní [[Nàìjíríà]] wọ́n sì ń kópa nínú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ni orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ẹgbẹ́ náà farahàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ajìjàgbara obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ ní Nàìjíríà. [[Fúnmiláyọ̀ Ransome-Kútì|Funmilayo Ransome Kuti]] yóò tẹ̀síwájú láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí òṣèlú àti olóyè ní igba ìjọba amúnisìn.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Byfield|first=Judith A.|title=Gender, Justice, and the Environment: Connecting the Dots|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_2012-04_55_1/page/1|journal=African Studies Review|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=55|issue=1|year=2012|issn=0002-0206|doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0017|pages=1–12}}</ref> ==Awon Itokasi== fajreg7yffgrlez4swsaeiizpa4j706 Nkan oṣù 0 70782 632173 542991 2026-08-19T19:35:11Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Ṣíṣàn jáde ẹ̀jẹ̀ lóòrè kóòrè láti ojú ara àwọn obìnrin tí wọ́n ti bàlágà láti inú òbò wọn.}} [[File:Figure 28 02 07.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Figure showing the progression of the menstrual cycle and the different hormones contributing to it]] <!-- Definition and frequency --> '''Nkan oṣù''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àlejò [[obìnrin]]'''<ref name=Jones2011>{{cite book|title=Women's Gynecologic Health|date=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9780763756376|page=94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pj_ourS3PBMC&pg=PA94|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626120253/https://books.google.ca/books?id=pj_ourS3PBMC&pg=PA94|archive-date=26 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> jẹ́ ṣíṣàn jáde papọ̀ [[ẹ̀jẹ̀]] àti [[ikun]] tí a ń dà pè ní nkan oṣù ni ónma ń jáde láti inú [[àpò-lùkẹ́]] tabí [[ilé-ọmọ]] [[obìnrin]] gba inú [[òbò]] jáde.<ref name=Women2014Men>{{cite web|title=Menstruation and the menstrual cycle fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.html|website=Office of Women's Health|access-date=25 June 2015|date=23 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626134338/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.html|archive-date=26 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Nkan oṣù àkọ́kọ́ sábà ma ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ lára ọmọdé tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ fẹ́ sé ipò [[wúndíá]] tàbí "ọmọge" ní dédé ọmọ ọdún méjìlá sí ọdún mẹ́ẹ̀dógún, àsìkò yí a ń pè ní àsìkò [[ìbàlágà]].<ref name=Jones2011/>Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé ó ṣeé ṣe kí nkan oṣù yí ó tètè bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nkan bí ọmọ ọdún mẹ́jọ nígbà míràn tí kò sì burú rárá. <ref name=Women2014Men/>Àmọ́ ní àwọn ìlú tí ìdàgbà-sókè wọn ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ń gbèrú, iye ọjọ́-ori tí ọmọbìnrin lè kọ́kọ́ rí nkan oṣù rẹ̀ máa ń bérẹ̀ láti ọdún mẹ́rìndíndlógún sí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún, àmọ́ ní àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ti gòkè àgbà, ó lè tètè bérẹ̀. <ref name=Diaz2006/> The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women, and 21 to 31 days in adults (an average of 28 days).<ref name=Women2014Men/><ref name=Diaz2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Diaz A, Laufer MR, Breech LL, ((American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence)), ((American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Adolescent Health)) | title = Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 118 | issue = 5 | pages = 2245–50 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17079600 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2006-2481 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ==Ṣiṣẹ́ nkan oṣù== Bí nkan oṣù bá ti bẹ̀rẹ̀, ó ma ń sábà lò tó ọjọ́ méjì sí ọjọ́ méje gbako kí ó tó dá. <ref name=Women2014Men/> Nígbà tí nkan oṣù kìí wá lára obìnrin mọ́ nígbà tí wọ́n bá ti pé ọmọ ọdún márùndíláàdọ́ta sí àádọ́ta ọdún, àsìkò yí ni wọ́n ń pè ní [[mènópọ́ọ̀sì]].<ref name=NIH2013Def>{{cite web|title=Menopause: Overview|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/Pages/default.aspx|work=nichd.nih.gov|access-date=8 March 2015|date=28 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111845/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Periods also stop during [[pregnancy]] and typically do not resume during the initial months of [[breastfeeding]].<ref name=Women2014Men/> ==Àwọn alamí nkan oṣù== Yóò tó ìdá ọgọ́jọ àwọn obìnrin ni wọ́n ma ń ní alamí kan tí yóòa tọ́ka sí bí ara wọn ṣe ń palẹ̀mọ́ fún nkan oṣù tí ó ń bọ̀.<ref name=AFP2011/> Àwọn àẹẹrẹ tí ó sábà ma ń fara hàn ni: inú kíkún, rírẹ̀wẹ̀sì, pínpúùsì, fífẹ́lẹ́ [[ọmú]] àti yíyí padà ìṣesí.<ref name=Women2014PMS>{{cite web|title=Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/premenstrual-syndrome.html|website=Office on Women's Health|access-date=23 June 2015|date=23 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628073755/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/premenstrual-syndrome.html|archive-date=28 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>Gbogbo àwọn alamí tí a kà sílẹ̀ yí ni ó ṣe é ṣe kí kó ipa kan tàbí òmíràn lára awọn obìnrin ìdá ogú sí ọgbọ̀n, èyí túmọ̀ sí wípé nkan oṣù yóò dé láìpẹ́. <ref name=AFP2011/> In 3 to 8%, symptoms are severe.<ref name=AFP2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Biggs WS, Demuth RH | title = Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2011-10-15_84_8/page/918 | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 84 | issue = 8 | pages = 918–24 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 22010771 }}</ref> ==Ipò ìlera ẹni tí ó ń ṣe nkan alejò== Bí nkan àlejò obìnrin kò bá ì tíì bẹ̀rẹ̀, pàá pàá jùlọ lára àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé-bìnrin tí ọjọ́-ori wọn kò tíì ju ọdún mẹ́ẹ̀dógún lọ, tàbí nkan àlrjò kò wá fún bí àádọ́sàán ọjọ́ (90 days), àsìkò yí ni awọn gẹ̀ẹ́sì ń pè ní [[amenorrhea]].<ref name=Women2014Men/>Lára àwọn ìṣòro tí ó lè rọ̀ mọ́ nkan àlejò obìnrin ni [[dysmenorrhea| inú rírun]] [[abnormal uterine bleeding|apọ̀jù ẹ̀jẹ̀]].<ref name=Women2014Men/> [[Menstruation (mammal)|Menstruation in other animals]] occur in [[primates]] ([[apes]] and [[monkeys]]).<ref name=Kris2013>{{cite book|author1=Kristin H. Lopez|title=Human Reproductive Biology|date=2013|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780123821850|page=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4kEdSnS-pkC&pg=PA53|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621165031/https://books.google.ca/books?id=M4kEdSnS-pkC&pg=PA53|archive-date=21 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Martin RD | title = The evolution of human reproduction: a primatological perspective | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = Suppl 45 | pages = 59–84 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18046752 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.20734 }}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} kpw1fy9x2bo86buq250s34jwjrhj2xm The Punch 0 70848 632075 621021 2026-08-19T17:07:27Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Punch''''' jẹ́ [[Ìwéìròyìn|ìwé ìròyìn ojoojúmọ́]] ti orílẹ-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] tí ó dá ní Oṣù Kẹjọ Ọjọ́ 8, Ọdún 1970. Punch Nigeria Limited ti forúkọsílẹ̀ lábẹ́ Òfin Àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ti ọdún 1968 láti ṣe ìṣòwò titẹjade àwọn ìwé ìròyìn àti àwọn ìwé ìròyìn ìgbà kọ̀ọ̀kan. Ó jẹ́ àpẹrẹ láti sọ fún, kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ àti ṣe eré àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà àti àgbáyé lápapọ̀. [[File:A view of Punch Place Arepo, Ogun State.jpg|thumb|Ilé isé Punch ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Ogun]] == Ìtàn == James Aboderin, oniṣiro-owo, àti Sam Amuka, òǹkọ̀wé àti olóòtú ní ''[[Daily Times|Daily Times ti Nigeria ni]]'' ó dá ''ìwé ìròyìn Punch'' sílẹ̀. Amuka di olóòtú àkọkọ́ ti ''Sunday Punch'' . Ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1976, ọdún díẹ̀ lẹhìn títẹ̀jáde àkọkọ́ ti ikede Sunday rẹ, àwọn méjèèjì bẹ̀rẹ títẹ ìwé ìròyìn ojoojúmọ́ aami-iṣowo wọn. Àwọn àtẹ̀jade méjèèjì ní a ṣe láti ṣe ojúrere sí ọnà ìṣèlú ọrẹ ọrẹ sí iìjábọ́ ìròyìn, àpapọ̀ àwọn àwòrán tí àwọn ìṣẹlẹ̀ àwùjọ pẹlú àwọn ìròyìn ìṣèlú lójoojúmó. Ìwé náà dúró fúnra rẹ̀ nípa lílọ sínú àwọn ọran gbòòrò tí ó nífẹẹ sí ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun ènìyàn. <ref name="Adigun">Adigun Agbaje, "Freedom of the Press and Party Politics in Nigeria: Precepts, Retrospect and Prospects", ''African Affairs'', Vol. 89, No. 355, April 1990.</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, lákokò aṣálẹ ti [[Ìgbà Òṣèlú Èkejì Nàìjíríà|Orílẹ̀-èdè Kejì]], àwọn ijade ti ìṣèlú ti ṣàfihàn àwọn ìjà sí àwọn ero atilẹba rẹ̀ . Aboderin àti Amuka pinya nítorí apákan àwọn ìjà òṣèlú. Aboderin lẹ́hìn na gba àtìlẹ́yìn tí ọtá rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀, [[M. K. O. Abíọ́lá|MKO Abiola]], lẹ́hìn tí igbehin ti kúrò ní NPN . <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Agbaje|first=Adigun|date=1990|title=Freedom of the Press and Party Politics in Nigeria: Precepts, Retrospect and Prospects|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_1990-04_89_355/page/205|journal=African Affairs|volume=89|issue=355|pages=205–226|issn=0001-9909|jstor=722242|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098285}}</ref> Ìwé náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí mú ìpò òṣèlú, púpọ jùlọ lòdì sí ìjọba Shagari. A rò pé, àwọn ọjọ́ díẹ̀ ṣáájú òpin ìṣàkóso ti [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Shagari|Shagari]], díẹ nínú àwọn olóòtú ''Punch'' ti mọ̀ pé ifipabanilopo ń súnmọ́ àti fi àwọn ohun orin tí ó lòdì sí ìjọba tí ó lágbára nínú ijabọ wọn. == Òmìnira tẹ == ''Punch'' kò ní àjẹsára sí ìlokúlò ti àwọn ìjọba aláṣẹ ní orílẹ-èdè náà. Ní ọdún 1990, olóòtú rẹ̀ jẹ́ ẹ̀wọn fún ọjọ́ 54. Lọ́dún 1993 àti 1994, wọ́n ti ilé iṣẹ́ ìtẹ̀wé náà pa lórí ìdarí alákòóso orílẹ̀-èdè náà. [[Fáìlì:Punch_place_Arepo.jpg|thumb| Punch ibi Arepo]] == Ilé-iṣẹ́ náà == Punch Nigeria Limited ti forúkọsílẹ ní Oṣù Kẹjọ Ọjọ́ 8, Ọdún 1970, lábẹ́ òfin Àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ti 1968 láti ṣe ìṣòwò títẹjáde àwọn iwé ìròyìn, àwọn àkọ́ọ́lẹ̀ àti àwọn ìwé ìròyìn ìgbàkọ̀ọ̀kan tí àwọn àǹfàńi ìlú. A ṣe àpẹrẹ rẹ̀ láti ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ipin-mẹ́ta tí àwọn media media olókìkí: ìfitónilétí, ìkẹ́kọ àti ìdánilárayá àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà àti àgbayé lápapọ̀. Ilé-iṣẹ́ náà ni igbimọ àwọn olùdarí, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ètò ètò ìmúlò tí ó ga jùlọ ti ilé-iṣẹ́ náà. Ní ọdún 1971, ilé-iṣẹ́ ná̀à ṣe ìṣàfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú títẹjáde INÚ HAPPY HOME, ̀iwé ìròhìn ti ìdilé kan. Olóòtú àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ni Bùnmi Sófolá. Ní ọjọ́ Sunday, March 18, 1973, ìwé ìròyìn àkọ́kọ́ ní ọ̀sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀, Sunday PUNCH, kọlu ilé ìtàgé. Ṣàtúnkọ nípasẹ̀ Ajíbádé Fashínà-Thomas. ''The Punch'', tabloid ojoojúmọ́ kan tẹ̀lé ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọjọ́ 1, ọdún 1976. Olòótú aṣáájú-ọnà rẹ̀ ni Dayo Wright. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, nípasẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1980, a ti tunpò tabloid méj̀i náà. Ní April 29, 1990, ọ̀sẹ̀ kan lẹ́yìn ìgbìyànjú ìdìtẹ̀ sí ìjọba àpapọ̀, wọ́n ti ilé iṣẹ́ náà palẹ̀. Tìípa náà jẹ́ oṣù kan lákokò tí Ìgbàkejì Olòótú ti ''The Punch'', Chris Mammah, ti wà ní àtìmọ́lé fún ọjọ́ 54. Lẹ́ẹ̀kansi ní Oṣù Keje ọdún 1993, Ìjọba Ológún Federal ti tii ilé-iṣẹ́ ti ilé-iṣẹ́ náà, fi òfin de No 48 ti 1993, ó sì fòfindé gbogbo àwọn àtẹjáde rẹ̀ láti káàkiri ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Pípàdé náà tẹ̀lé ààwọ̀ òṣèlú tí ó fa nípasẹ̀ ìfagilé ti June 12, 1993, ìdìbò Alákoso.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Ńi Òṣù kọkànlá ọjọ́ 17 ti ọdún kanná, àṣẹ àṣẹ-àṣẹ ti fagilé ní ìwé àṣẹ No 115 ti 1993. Ìjọba Ológún Federal kọlù ní Oṣù Kèje Ọjọ́ 24, Ọdún 1994, wọ́n sì fi òfin de gbogbo àwọn àkọ́lé pẹ̀lú TOPLIFE, èyí tí a ti sọjí tí a sì tẹ jáde bí ìwé ìròhìn ọ̀sẹ̀ kan lẹ́hìnná. Olóòtú THE PUNCH nígbà náà, Bola Bolawole, wá ní àtìmọ́lè ọjọ́ mẹ́ta ní ọ́fíìsì rẹ ní ilé àtijọ́. Nígbà tiípa náà, ìjọba kọbi sí àṣẹ ti ilé-ẹjọ́ kan pe wọn gbọ́dọ̀ kúrò ni agbègbè ilé náà àti tún san owó mílíọ́nù 25 àti N100,000.00 fún ilé-iṣẹ́ náà àti Bolawole. Kò pẹ́ tí ó fi di October 1, 1995 tí ìjọba fòfin de ìtẹ̀jáde náà nípasẹ̀ ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ ọjọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè kan láti ọwọ́ Olórí Ìjọba.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} == Jùlọ ni opolopo ka ìròhìn == Láti ọdún 1998 sí 1999, àwọn iṣẹ́ ìwádìí àti títajà (RMS) Lagos, ṣe agbéjáde àwọn ìwádìí òminira ninu eyiti ''The Punch'' ti ṣe idiyele bi iwe iroyin ti o ka julọ.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} == PUNCH tẹ: Goss Community == Ti ṣe afihan ni ọdun 1963, agbegbe Goss bẹrẹ igbesi aye gẹgẹbi ẹyọkan kan ti o joko lori oke ti iduro sẹsẹ kan. Ni akoko yẹn o ni iyara ti o pọju ti 12,000cph ati gige-pipa 22.75ins tabi 578mm. Ni awọn ọdun aipẹ, imudara ti a ṣe si Agbegbe pẹlu iyara ati awọn iṣagbega iṣẹ ṣiṣe ati afikun awoṣe sipesifikesonu giga ti a pe ni magnum. Loni, Agbegbe nfunni ni ibiti o ti ge-pipa (546-630mm): awọn atunto giga mẹrin; awọn iwọn wẹẹbu to 1,000mm ati ibiti o ti bakan ati awọn aṣayan folda iyipo. PUNCH's Goss Community jẹ jiṣẹ ni Oṣu kọkanla ọdun 1998. O lagbara lati ṣe agbejade 30,000 (cphs). <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2003-10-15}}</ref> PUNCH tẹ, ti o ni awọn iwọn awọ ti o gbooro, ni agbara lati tẹ awọn oju-iwe mẹjọ ti awọ kikun ati awọ mẹjọ ti o wa ni oju-iwe 48, ati pe o maa n lo ni iha iwọ-oorun Naijiria.  == Awọn itọkasi == 6qck3agkwny7chgvnpuwe54gagw4zz1 Àìsàn ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru 0 70895 632105 592356 2026-08-19T17:57:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632105 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Grade 1 hypertension.jpg|right|thumb]] '''Àìsàn ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru''' ('''HTN''' tàbí '''HT'''), a tún lè pè ní '''[[ẹ̀jẹ̀]] gbígbóná''' tàbí HBP, '''ni ó jẹ́ àìsàn tí ó ma ń lọ '''tí ó ń bọ̀ nínú àgọ́ ara fún ìgbà pípẹ́, nígbà tí ẹ̀jẹ̀ inú [[iṣan]] [[ọkàn]] ń lọ tàbí ru sókèju bí ó ti yẹ lọ ní gbogbo ìgbà<ref name=" World Health Organization (WHO) 2019 f923">{{cite web | title=Hypertension | website= World Health Organization (WHO) | date=2019-06-20 | url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/hypertension#tab=tab_1 | ref={{sfnref | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2019}} | access-date=2024-04-14}}</ref>.<ref name=Nai2014>{{cite book|last1=Naish|first1=Jeannette|last2=Court|first2=Denise Syndercombe | name-list-style = vanc |title=Medical sciences|date=2014|isbn=9780702052491|pages=562|edition=2|url={{Google books|K21_AwAAQBAJ|pages=PA562|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru kìí sábà ń fúni ní àmì kí ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web|title=High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm|website=CDC|access-date=6 March 2016|date=February 19, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306125631/http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm|archive-date=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Bí ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru bá ṣe pẹ́ sí nínú ara ni ó sábà ma ń fa àìsàn rọpá-rọsẹ̀, [[àrùn ọkàn]], Ìdaṣẹ́sílẹ̀ ọkàn, ojú fífọ́ ,àìsàn kídìnrín àti [[àrùn ọpọlọ]]. <ref name=Lack2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lackland DT, Weber MA | title = Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core | journal = The Canadian Journal of Cardiology | volume = 31 | issue = 5 | pages = 569–71 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25795106 | doi = 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.009 }}</ref><ref name=WHO2011>{{cite book|last1=Mendis|first1=Shanthi|last2=Puska|first2=Pekka|last3=Norrving|first3=Bo|name-list-style=vanc|title=Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control|date=2011|publisher=World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241564373|pages=38|edition=1st|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817123106/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=17 August 2014|df=dmy-all|access-date=17 March 2021|archivedate=17 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817123106/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1}}</ref><ref name="Hernandorena2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hernandorena I, Duron E, Vidal JS, Hanon O | title = Treatment options and considerations for hypertensive patients to prevent dementia | journal = Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy | volume = 18 | issue = 10 | pages = 989–1000 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28532183 | doi = 10.1080/14656566.2017.1333599 | s2cid = 46601689 | type = Review }}</ref><ref name="Lau2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lau DH, Nattel S, Kalman JM, Sanders P | title = Modifiable Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation | journal = Circulation | volume = 136 | issue = 6 | pages = 583–596 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28784826 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163 | type = Review | doi-access = free }}</ref> ==Ohun tí ó ń fa ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru ati itọ́jú rẹ̀== Ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru tàbí ìfúnpá gíga ni a lè pin sí ọ̀nà méjì. Akọ́kọ́ ni * ''ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru kékeré'', * ''ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru ńlá''. <ref name=Lancet2015/> About 90–95% of cases are primary, defined as high blood pressure due to nonspecific lifestyle and genetic factors.<ref name=Lancet2015/><ref name="pmid10645931">{{cite journal | vauthors = Carretero OA, Oparil S | title = Essential hypertension. Part I: definition and etiology | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_circulation_2000-01-25_101_3/page/329 | journal = Circulation | volume = 101 | issue = 3 | pages = 329–35 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10645931 | doi = 10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.329 | df = dmy-all | doi-access = free }}</ref>Àwọn ohun tí ó le ṣokùnfà kí ènìyàn ó ní àisàn ẹ̀hẹ̀ ríru ni #àpọ̀jù [[iyọ̀]] nínú ohun jíjẹ wa, #ara àìsàn # mímu sìgá tàbí ohun tí ó je mọ́ ohun mì mú bẹ́ẹ̀. # mímu [[ọtí]] líle ati bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref name=CDC2015/><ref name=Lancet2015/>àwọn márù un tó kú lára àwọn ohun tí ó ṣokùnfà àìsàn ẹ̀jé ríru ni a lè kin sí abẹ́ '''ẹjẹ̀ ríru ńlá''' ní èyí tí a ti lè ri àrùn Kíndìnrín tí ó lè mú kí iṣan inú ọkàn tínrín. <ref name=Lancet2015/> ==Bí a ṣe ń ṣàyẹ̀wò rẹ̀== Ọ̀nà méjì ni wọ́n ma ń gbà ṣe ayẹ̀wò àìsàn yí, àwọn ni #systolic ìlànà kékeré ati # diastolic ìlànà ńlá.<ref name=CDC2015/>. ==Àwọn ìtọ́ka sí== {{reflist}} 6mm45nokrv2tyaw3sdx1kz6144r88i9 Ladi Kwali 0 70911 632165 612200 2026-08-19T19:24:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632165 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hand-Built pot by Ladi Kwali (YORYM-2004.1.919).JPG|thumb|Ìkòkò orù tí Ladi Kwali fọwọ́ ṣe (YORYM-2004.1.919)]] {{Infobox person |image = Photo_of_Ladi_Kwali.jpg | caption = Ladi Kwali | alt = Ladi Kwali | birth_date = {{Birth year|1925}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1984|8|12|1925|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwali]], Nigeria | occupation = [[Pottery|potter]] | birth_name = Ladi Kwali }} '''Ladi Kwali''', [[Order of the Niger|OON]], [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (c.1925– August 12, 1984)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thistrend.com.ng/2017/03/15-facts-about-ladi-kwali-pottery-woman.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317101452/http://www.thistrend.com.ng/2017/03/15-facts-about-ladi-kwali-pottery-woman.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-03-17|title=15 Facts about Ladi Kwali: The Pottery Woman on N20 Note - ThisTrend Blog|date=2017-03-17|access-date=2018-08-06}}</ref> jẹ́ amọ̀kòkò àti onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]. Ladi Kwali ni wọ́n bí ní [[abúlé]] kan tí ó ń jẹ́ Kwali ni agbègbè [[Gbwari]] ní apá òkè ọyà ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] ìlú tí [[ìkòkò]] ṣíṣe ti jẹ́ iṣẹ́ òójọ́ fún àwọn [[obìrin]] wọn.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Women and Ceramics: Gendered Vessels|last=Vincentelli|first=Moira|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0719038402|location=Manchester, UK|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenceramics00moir/page/58 58–76]|url=https://archive.org/details/womenceramics00moir/page/58}}</ref> Ladi kọ́ bí wọ́n ṣe ń Mọ ìkòkò láti ìgbà tí ó ti wà ní ọmọdé lọ́dọ̀ ìkan lara àwọn mọ̀lẹ́bí bàbá rẹ̀. Ìlànà [[Coiling (pottery)|coiling]] ni wọ́n ń ló láti fi Mọ ìkòkò nígbà náà. Ladi ni ó ti lo ìṣeẹ́ ọwọ́ rẹ̀ yí láti fi ṣe àwọn ohun èlò ilé bíi: ìkòkò orù, ìkòkò àmù, ìkòkò [[ọbẹ̀]] láti inú amọ̀ tí wọ́n pò pọ̀. Àwọn iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ rẹ̀ yí ni ó ṣe ọ̀ṣọ́ oríṣiríṣi sí pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán onírúurú bíi [[akekèé]], [[alàgbà]], [[ọ̀ọ̀nì]], [[ejò]], [[àyà]] [[ẹja]] àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Cardew|first=Michael|date=April 1972|title=Ladi Kwali: The Potter from England Writes on the Potter from Africa|journal=Craft Horizons|issue=32|pages=34–37}}</ref> Gbogbo àwọn ẹ̀ṣọ́ tí a mẹ́nu bà wípé ó ma ń ṣe sí ara àwọn iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ rẹ̀ yí ni ó ma ń fi dárà lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ti sun amọ̀ náà nínú iná tí ó sì ti di ìkòkò ní ìlànà bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe ìkòkò ní Kwali. Ọnà ìṣe ìkòkò Ladi ni ó mu di gbajú-gbajà àmọ̀-kòkò nílé àti lókè òmun. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thompson|first=Barbara|date=6 February 2007|title=Namsifueli Nyeki: A Tanzanian Potter Extraordinaire|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_spring-2007_40_1/page/54|journal=African Arts|volume=40|issue=1|pages=54–63|doi=10.1162/afar.2007.40.1.54|s2cid=57571884|issn=0001-9933}}</ref> Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn [[iṣẹ́ ọnà]] rẹ̀ ni ìkan lára àwọn Ọba àwọn [[Hausa]] ní ìlú [[Àbújá]] ìyẹn Alhaji [[Sulaimanu Barau|Suleiman Barau]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.abujafacts.ng/history-of-ladi-kwali-the-famous-nigerian-potter/|title = History of Ladi Kwali, the Famous Nigerian Potter|date = 8 February 2015|access-date = 18 January 2016|website = Abuja Facts|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160107104939/http://www.abujafacts.ng/history-of-ladi-kwali-the-famous-nigerian-potter/|archive-date = 7 January 2016|url-status = dead}}</ref> ń sábà ma ń fowó rà nígbà ayé rẹ̀. == Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ ayé rẹ̀ == Wọ́n bí Ladi ni ìlú Kwali tí ó jẹ́ abúlé kékeré kan kanẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Kwali ní ìlú ìlú orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún 1925, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé àwọn oniọ̀tàn kan jiyàn wípé ọdún 1920 ni wọ́n bi. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Okunna|first=E.|date=1 January 2012|title=Living through two pottery traditions and the story of an icon: Ladi Kwali|url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/mjas/article/view/117190|journal=Mgbakoigba: Journal of African Studies|volume=1|issn=2346-7126}}</ref>). Ladi dàgbà sí agbolé tí wọ́n ti mú iṣẹ́ ìkòkò mímọ lọ́kùnkúndù fún awọ [[ọmọ]] [[obinrin]] wọn. <ref name=":5" /> Mallam Mekaniki Kyebese, tí ó jẹ́ àìtẹ̀lé sọ wípé ''"púpọ̀ nínú àwọn íkòkò tí Ladi bá mọ ni àwọn ọlọ́jà tí .a ń wá ràá ṣáájú kí ó tó kò wọnọ sọ́jà, nítorí ẹ̀bùn ìṣọwọ́ mọ ìkòkò tìrẹ̀ yàtọ̀ láàrín àwọn amọ̀kòkò ìgbà náà.''"<ref name=":5" /> [[File:Hand-Built pot by Ladi Kwali (YORYM-2004.1.919).JPG|thumb|Ìkòkò tí Ladi Kwali mọ tí ó sì fi ọ̀ṣọ́ dárà sí; W.A. Ismay Studio Ceramics Collection, York Art Gallery]] == Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí amọ̀kòkò== [[Michael Cardew]], tí ó jẹ́ aṣojú ìjọba [[Britain]] fún àw ọn ohun tí ó jẹ mọ́ ètò okòwò ati ọrọ̀-ajé pàá pàá jùlọ iṣẹ́ ọnà ìkòmò mímọ ní ọdún 1951, dá ilé iṣẹ́ ìkòkò mímọ sílẹ̀ ní ìlú [[Suleja]] ní inú oṣù Kẹrín ọdún 1952. <ref name=":2" /> In 1954, Ladi Kwali joined the Abuja Pottery as its first female potter.<ref>{{Citation|title = Ladi Kwali, Nigerian Potter|url = https://vimeo.com/101074138|accessdate = 18 January 2016}}</ref>Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ yí ni Ladi ti kọ́ bí wọ́n ṣe ń lo òyìgì tí a mọ̀ sí (wheel), gílésìnì, bí wọ́n ṣe ń pèsè [[sagar]] ati bí wọ́n ṣe ń lo [[slip]], tí ó sì ti ibẹ̀ di olùkọ́ fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó kú.<ref name=":2" /> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkòkò mímọ ṣe jẹ́ ìṣeẹ́ abínibí fún àwọn obinrin ní Kwali,ìlú tí wọ́n ti bí Ladi, gbogbo iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ rẹ̀ ni ó di àwòdami ẹnu àti ohun ọ̀ṣọ́ ilé. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Reed|first=Lucy|date=1 January 2002|title=Review of Women and Ceramics: Gendered Vessels|jstor=40663018|journal=Studies in the Decorative Arts|volume=9|issue=2|pages=159–163|doi=10.1086/studdecoarts.9.2.40663018}}</ref>Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣàfihàn rẹ̀ ní ibi ìdíje iṣẹ́ ọnà jákè-jádò agbáyé bíi: '' international exhibitions of Abuja pottery ní ọdún 1958, 1959, àti 1962, ìdíje tí ọ̀gbẹ́ni Cardew gbé kalẹ̀. Ní ọdún 1961, Kwali patẹ iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ rẹ̀ ní ibi ìpatẹ iṣẹ́ ọnà ní" Royal College, Farnham, and Wenford Bridge'' ní ìlú [[Britain]].<ref name=":3" /> Bákan náà ni ó tún patẹ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní ibi ìpàtàẹ iṣẹ́ ọnà ní ìlú [[Farasé]] àti [[Germany]]. Ní ọdún1972, òun ati onígbọwọ́ Cardew rin ilẹ̀ [[Amẹ́ríkà]] kọjá nígbà tí wọ́n ń pátá iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ Ladi káàkiri agbáyé. Wọ́n fi iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ Ladi han ní ilé ọ̀ṣọ́ ti [[Berkeley Galleries]] ní ìlú [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ceramics-aberystwyth.com/ladi-kwali.html|title=Ladi KWALI (Nigeria) The Ceramic Collection Ceramic Collection and Archive – Aberystwyth University of Wales 27 March 2016|last=Archive|first=Aberystwyth Ceramics Collection and|publisher=ceramics-aberystwyth.com|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407172449/http://www.ceramics-aberystwyth.com/ladi-kwali.html|archive-date=7 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wọ́n sọ ilé-iṣẹ́ ọnà àti ìkòkò mímọ tí ó wà ní ìlú Àbújá ní ''Ladi Kwali Pottery'' ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1980. == Àwọn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ àti àṣeyọrí rẹ̀ lọ́kan-ò-jọ̀kan == Ladi gba amì-ẹ̀yẹ MBE ([[Order of the British Empire|Member of the Order of the British Empire]]) ní ọdún [[1962 Birthday Honours|1962]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42686/supplement/4352|title = Supplement to the London Gazette|date = 25 May 1962|access-date = 18 January 2015}}</ref> Wọ́n fu ní amì-ẹ̀yẹ ọ̀mọ̀wé ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ fásitì ti [[Ahmadu Bello University]] ní Zaria lọ́dún 1977<ref name=":4" /> Ní ọdún 1980, ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]], apápọ̀ ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà náà fi amì-ẹ̀yẹ [[Nigerian National Order of Merit Award]] (NNOM) da lọ́lá,<ref>[http://www.frontiersnews.com/nigerian-national-order-of-merit-award/ "Nigerian National Order Of Merit Award"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127183309/http://www.frontiersnews.com/nigerian-national-order-of-merit-award/ |date=2017-01-27 }}, ''Frontiers News'', 5 December 2013.</ref> the highest national honour for academic achievement.<ref name=":4" /> Ó tún gba amì-ẹ̀yẹ ti ti [[Order of the Niger]] (OON) ní ọdún 1981.<ref name=":4" /> Ìjọba apápọ̀ tún fi àwòrán rẹ̀ sí ẹ̀yìn ogún náìra N20 [[owó]] ilẹ̀ [[Nàìjíríà]] láti lè máa fi ṣe.ìrántí rẹ̀ títí láé.<ref name=":4" /> Wọ́n tún sọ ojú ọ̀nà kan tí ó wà ní ìlú Àbújá ní orúkọ rẹ̀ ''Ladi Kwali Road''.<ref name=":4" /> Ilé ìtura ti [[The Sheraton Hotel]], tí ó wà ní ìlú Àbújá náà sọ gbọ̀gan kan tí ó tóbi jùlọ níbẹ̀ sọrí Ladi Kwali.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abujafacts.ng/history-of-ladi-kwali-the-famous-nigerian-potter/|title=History of Ladi Kwali, the Famous Nigerian Potter {{!}} Abuja Facts|website=www.abujafacts.ng|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107104939/http://www.abujafacts.ng/history-of-ladi-kwali-the-famous-nigerian-potter/|archive-date=7 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} * {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kwali, Ladi}} [[Category:Nigerian potters]] [[Category:Nigerian ceramists]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1984]] [[Category:1920s births]] [[Category:20th-century Nigerian artists]] [[Category:Nigerian women ceramists]] [[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Category:20th-century women artists]] [[Category:Women potters]] [[Category:Recipients of the Nigerian National Order of Merit Award]] [[Category:People from Abuja]] [[Category:20th-century Nigerian women]] [[Category:20th-century ceramists]] [[Category:Nigerian women in business]] 3pk6jypniu1qpw0zhdlx1kh91old3zt Ejò 0 70915 632103 599939 2026-08-19T17:55:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:The Grass Snake - Natrix natrix.jpg|thumb|ejò]] = Kini Awon Ejò? = [[File:Magician dispalying with snake during Festival 4.jpg|thumb|Okunrin onidan pelu ejo]] {{Automatic taxobox | name = Ejò | fossil_range = <br>[[Late Cretaceous]] – [[Holocene|Present]], {{Fossil range|94|0|earliest=112|latest=|PS=}} <imagemap> File:Snakes Diversity.jpg|250px rect 0 0 325 225 [[Horned rattlesnake]] rect 0 120 325 450 [[Southern hognose snake]] rect 0 240 325 700 [[Blue krait]] rect 0 380 325 900 [[Emerald tree boa]] rect 0 500 325 1100 [[Sri Lanka cat snake]] rect 0 760 325 1400 [[Ringneck snake]] rect 143 0 660 225 [[Striped House Snake]] rect 143 100 660 460 [[Blunthead tree snake]] rect 143 200 660 700 [[Corn snake]] rect 143 300 660 920 [[Indian cobra]] rect 143 400 660 1150 [[Grass snake]] rect 143 500 660 1500 [[Pacific gopher snake]] rect 286 0 1100 225 [[Green vine snake]] rect 286 100 1100 470 [[Coral snake]] rect 286 200 1100 690 [[Green tree python]] rect 286 300 1100 930 [[Spiny bush viper]] rect 286 400 1100 1150 [[False coral snake]] rect 286 500 1100 1500 [[Puffing snake]] </imagemap> | taxon = Serpentes | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] | range_map = World distribution of snakes.svg | range_map_caption = <small>Approximate world distribution of snakes, all species</small> | subdivision_ranks = Infraorders | subdivision = * [[Alethinophidia]] <small>Nopcsa, 1923</small> * [[Scolecophidia]] <small>Cope, 1864</small> }} [[Fáìlì:Boiga jaspidea, Jasper cat snake.jpg|thumb|ejò ológbò]] [[Fáìlì:Bird-eating snake (7607449358).jpg|thumb|ejò yii o je ẹyẹ]] [[Fáìlì:Trimeresurus gumprechti, Gumprecht’s pit viper (female) - Phu Suan Sai National Park (46711073485).jpg|thumb|ejò]] [[Fáìlì:Crotalus-basiliscus-basiliskenklapperschlange.jpg|thumb|ejò]] '''Ejò''' lápapọ̀ jẹ́ ẹranko gúngùn afàyàfà, ri ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan lara àwọn [[ẹranko elégungun]] amọ́ tí egungun wọn kò lágbára, wọ́n sì tún j ẹ́ ẹranko tí ó lè jẹ ẹranko ẹgbẹ́ wọn.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Reeder TW, Townsend TM, Mulcahy DG, Noonan BP, Wood PL, Sites JW, Wiens JJ | title = Integrated analyses resolve conflicts over squamate reptile phylogeny and reveal unexpected placements for fossil taxa | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = e0118199 | year = 2015 | pmid = 25803280 | pmc = 4372529 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0118199 | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1018199R }}</ref> Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ẹ̀yà ejò ni wọ́n ní agbárí àti àwọn oríkèé-ríkèé ara ju alángbá lọ, èyí ni ó fún wọn ní ànfaní láti lè gbé àwọn ẹranko ẹgbẹ́ wọn mì pàá pàá jùlọ [[ẹnu]] wọn lè fẹ̀ gbẹrẹgẹdẹ ju alàgbà lọ. Láti lè ri ara rẹ̀ gbé pẹ̀lú ihò tínrín ara wọn , ọwọ́ iwájú ní abẹ́ orí ni [[kíndìnrín]] wọn wà yàtọ̀ sí alángbá tí kíndìnrín wọn wà ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ ọ̀tún àti òsì. Amọ́ púpọ̀ ní ú wọn ni wọ́n kàn ní [[ọ̀fun]] lásán. <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiens JJ, Brandley MC, Reeder TW | title = Why does a trait evolve multiple times within a clade? Repeated evolution of snakelike body form in squamate reptiles | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_evolution_2006-01_60_1/page/123 | journal = Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 123–41 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16568638 | doi = 10.1554/05-328.1 | s2cid = 17688691 }}</ref> Àwọn ejò tí wọ́n wà láàyè ni wọ́n wà ní oríṣiríṣi ibi ati ilẹ̀ ní gbogbo agbáyé yàtọ̀ sí agbègbè Antarctica, ati àwọn ilẹ̀ kéréje-kéréje bíi tìrẹ bíi Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, the [[Hawaiian Islands|Hawaiian archipelago]], àti erékùṣù New Zealand. <ref name=Bauchot>{{cite book|editor=Roland Bauchot|title=Snakes: A Natural History|url=https://archive.org/details/snakesnaturalhis0000bauc|url-access=registration|year=1994|publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4027-3181-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/snakesnaturalhis0000bauc/page/220 220]}}</ref> Láfikún, àwọn ejò inú òkun ni a lè ri ní àwọn [[odò]] bíi Indian ati Pacific oceans. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ bayii, oríṣi ìran ejo tí ó ní orílẹ̀ agbáyé ju ogún lọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn onímọ̀ ti fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀, amọ́ tí wọ́n sì pín sí ọ̀nà ogún ó lé àádọ́ta (520) nígbà tí àyà wọ́n sì jẹ́ 3,900 níye.<ref name="NRDB-Cs">{{cite web|title=Search results for Higher taxa: snake|url=https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=snake&submit=Search|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=7 March 2021|website=reptile-database.org}}</ref> Àwọn ejò tí a ń sọ nípa rẹ̀ yí yàtọ̀ síra wọn ní ìrísí láti orí tẹ́ẹ́rẹ́ de {{convert|10.4|cm|in|abbr=on|adj=mid|-long}}<ref name="zootaxa"/> ejòlá tí ó le gbé odidi [[ènìyàn]] mì {{convert|6.95|m|ft|sp=us}} in length.<ref name="SunBear">{{cite journal|author=Fredriksson, G. M.|title=Predation on Sun Bears by Reticulated Python in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo|journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology|volume=53|issue=1|year=2005|pages=165–168|url=http://dare.uva.nl/document/161117|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709001708/http://dare.uva.nl/document/161117|archive-date=2014-07-09}}</ref> Èrò àwọn onímọ̀ sáyéẹ́nsì aṣèwádí ni wípé ìran ejò ni wọ́n ṣẹ̀ láti ara ìran alángbá yálà ní orí ilẹ̀ ni tàbí inú [[omi]]lásìkò ''jùrásíìkì'' tàbí 'Ma''. <ref>{{cite web | last = Perkins | first = Sid | name-list-style = vanc | date = 27 January 2015 | title = Fossils of oldest known snakes unearthed | url = http://news.sciencemag.org/paleontology/2015/01/fossils-oldest-known-snakes-unearthed | website = news.sciencemag.org | access-date = 29 January 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150130043614/http://news.sciencemag.org/paleontology/2015/01/fossils-oldest-known-snakes-unearthed | archive-date = 30 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Caldwell MW, Nydam RL, Palci A, Apesteguía S | title = The oldest known snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous provide insights on snake evolution | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 6 | pages = 5996 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25625704 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms6996 | number = 5996 | bibcode = 2015NatCo...6.5996C | doi-access = free }}</ref> Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìran ejò ni wọn kò ní [[oró ejò]], àwọn tí wọ́n sì ní nínú wọn ma ń sábà lòó láti pa nkan ni tàbí kí wọ́n fi da nkan lágara, amọ́ wọn kìí lo oró wọn láti fi gbe ara wọn níjà. Lara àwọn ejò olóró ni wọ́n lè lo oró wọn láti fi ìjàmbá tàbí kí wọ́n fi oró wọn pa pàá pàá jùlọ ọmọ ènìyàn. Àwọn ejò tí wọn kò ní oró ni wọ́n sábà ma ń gbà nkan mì tàbí kí wọ́n dì mọ́ nkan náà títí yóò fi kú. == Se àwọn ejò je kiakia? == Bee ni, ati rara, nitori pé, àwọn ejò le gbékuró pèlú iyara ti merinlelogun kilomita ni wakati ọkan (24km/w). O je iyara kiakia, sùgbón, o je die-die ninu àwọn èniyàn ti o le sáré kiakia ju be, dabi [[Usain Bolt]] ati awon èniyàn ti se [[Boolu-afesegba|rogodo àfẹsègbá]]. ==Àwọn itọ́ka sí== {{reflist}} d454128cwfkz6w39z80bssv1zh9hww8 Àtòjọ àwọn ìwé àpilẹ̀kọ ajẹmábo 0 70948 632152 621370 2026-08-19T18:52:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632152 wikitext text/x-wiki Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni àtòjọ àwọn ìwé àpilẹ̀kọ ajẹmábo. A tò wọ́n nípa ọdún tí wọ́n kọ wọ́n àti bí àwọn àkọlé wọ́n ṣe tẹ̀lé ara wọn ní ìlànà ábídí. ==Àwọn tí sẹ́ńtúrì kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógú (15)== * ''[[The Book of the City of Ladies]]'', [[Christine de Pisan]] ([[circa|ca.]] 1405) * ''Le tresor de la cité des dames'', meaning ''[[The Treasure of the City of Ladies]]'', [[Christine de Pisan]] (ca. 1405)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26608/26608-h/26608-h.htm The Project Gutenberg ebook of Le tresor de la cité des dames, by Christine de Pisan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''The Tale of [[Joan of Arc]]'', [[Christine de Pisan]] (1429)<ref>[http://www.maidofheaven.com/joanofarc_song_pisan_contents.asp Joan of Arc - Maid of Heaven - Song of Joan of Arc by Christine de Pisan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *[[The Wife of Bath's Tale]] - [[Chaucer]] == Àwọn tí sẹ́ńtúrì kẹrìnlélógún (16th Century) == * ''The Superior Excellence of Women Over Men'', [[Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa]] (1529) * ''The Defense of Good Women'', [[Thomas Elyot]] (1545) * ''Le Promenoir de M. de Montaigne qui traite de l'amour dans l'œuvre de Plutarque'', [[Marie le Jars de Gournay]] (1584)<ref>[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k704622/f4.pagination Promenoir+ de Monsieur de Montaigne . Par sa fille d'alliance<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''Her Protection for Women'', [[Jane Anger]] (1589)<ref>[http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/anger/protection/protection.html "Jane Anger her Protection for Women. To defend them against the scandalous reportes of a late Surfeiting Lover, and all other like Venerians that complaine so to bee overcloyed with womens kindnesse"<!-- Bot generated title -->]. A Celebration of Women Witers.</ref> ==17th century== * "Poem 92, called Philosophical Satire", [[Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz]] (1600s)<ref>[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~dfrye/SORJUANA.html Poema 92. Sátira filosófica<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''A Muzzle for Melastomus, the Cynical Baiter of, and Foul-mouthed Barker Against Eve's Sex. Or An Apologetical Answer to that Irreligious and Illiterate Pamphlet Made by Jo. Sw. And By Him Entitled, "The Arraignment of Women"'', [[Rachel Speght]] (1617) * ''Ester Hath Hang'd Haman: An Answer To a Lewd Pamphlet, Entitled "The Arraignment of Women," With the Arraignment of Lewd, Idle Forward, and Unconstant Men, and Husbands'', [[Ester Sowernam]] (1617) *''[[Swetnam the Woman-Hater]]'', Anonymous (1620) * ''Égalité des hommes et des femmes'', [[Marie de Gournay|Marie Le Jars de Gournay]] (1622),<ref>[https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%89galit%C3%A9_des_Hommes_et_des_Femmes ''Égalité des hommes et des femmes'', in French]</ref> translated into English as ''The Equality of Men and Women'' * ''Grief des dames'', [[Marie de Gournay|Marie Le Jars de Gournay]] (1626),<ref>[https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Grief_des_dames ''Grief des dames'', in French]</ref> translated into English as ''The Ladies' Grievance'' * ''Women's Speaking Justified, Proved, and Allowed of by the Scriptures, All such as speak by the Spirit and Power of the Lord Jesus. And how Women were the first that Preached the Tidings of the Resurrection of Jesus, and were sent by Christ's own Command, before he Ascended to the Father, John 20. 17.'', [[Margaret Fell]] (1667)<ref>[http://www.qhpress.org/texts/fell.html Margaret Fell, "Women's Speaking Justified..."<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''An Essay to Revive the Antient [sic] Education of Gentlewomen in Religion, Manners, Arts &amp; Tongues, with An Answer to the Objections Against this Way of Education.'', [[Bathsua Makin]] (1673) * ''De l'égalité des deux sexes'', [[François Poullain de la Barre]] (1673)<ref>[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k82363t.image.f2 De l'égalité des deux sexes, discours physique et moral où l'on voit l'importance de se défaire des préjugez<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''De l'Éducation des dames pour la conduite de l'esprit dans les sciences et dans les mœurs, entretiens'', [[François Poullain de la Barre]] (1674)<ref>[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k83722k.image.f2 De l'éducation des dames pour la conduite de l'esprit dans les sciences et dans les moeurs . Entretiens<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[La Princesse de Clèves]]'', Madame de Lafayette (1678) * ''Female Advocate or, an Answer to a Late Satyr Against the Pride, Lust and Inconstancy, &amp;c. of Woman. Written by a Lady in Vindication of her Sex'', [[Sarah Fyge Egerton]] (1686)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/toc.php?id=egerton |title=EWWRP : Women's Advocacy Collection : Female Advocate or, an Answer to a Late Satyr Against the Pride, Lust and Inconstancy, &c. of Woman. Written by a Lady in Vindication of ...<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222857/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/toc.php?id=egerton |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, for the Advancement of Their True and Greatest Interest'', [[Mary Astell]] (1694) * ''An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex. In Which Are Inserted the Characters of a Pedant, a Squire, a Beau, a Vertuoso, a Poetaster, a City-Critick, &amp;c. In a Letter to a Lady. Written by a Lady'', [[Judith Drake]] (1697)<ref>[[s:An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex]]</ref> * ''A Serious Proposal, Part II'', [[Mary Astell]] (1697) * ''The Adventure of the Black Lady'', [[Aphra Behn]] (1697)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/content.php?level=div&id=behn_adventure_001&document=behn_adventure |title=Emory Women Writers Resource Project : 0 : 0 0<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2020-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052153/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/content.php?level=div&id=behn_adventure_001&document=behn_adventure |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==18th century== *''Some Reflections Upon Marriage, Occasioned by the Duke and Dutchess of Mazarine's Case; Which is Also Considered.'', [[Mary Astell]] (1700) *''[[The Ladies' Defence|The Ladies' Defence, Or, a Dialogue Between Sir John Brute, Sir William Loveall, Melissa, and a Parson]]'', [[Lady Mary Chudleigh]] (1701) *''The Education of Women'', [[Daniel Defoe]] (1719)<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Education of Women," by Daniel Defoe - Classic British Essays - Essay by Defoe<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/educwomendefoe.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2016-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130214520/http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/educwomendefoe.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * ''The Emulation'', [[Sarah Fyge]] (1719) *''The Woman's Labour'', [[Mary Collier]] (1739)<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Woman's Labour: An Epistle to Mr. Stephen Duck" by Mary Collier<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=https://www.usask.ca/english/barbauld/related_texts/collier.html |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2018-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913174323/http://www.usask.ca/english/barbauld/related_texts/collier.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''An Essay on Woman in Three Epistles'', [[Mary Leapor]] (1763) *''Letters on Women's Rights'', [[Abigail Adams|Abigail]] and [[John Adams]] (1776)<ref>[http://www.thelizlibrary.org/suffrage/abigail.htm Letters Of Abigail Adams<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Desultory Thoughts upon the Utility of Encouraging a Degree of Self-Complacency, Especially in Female Bosoms'', [[Judith Sargent Murray]] (1784)<ref name="Murray1995">{{cite book|last=Murray|first=Judith Sargent|title=Selected Writings of Judith Sargent Murray|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4GgPrVX5egUC&pg=PA44|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510038-9|page=44}}</ref> *''Philosophie eines Weibs: Von einer Beobachterin,'' [[Marianne Ehrmann]] (1784) *''[[Mary: A Fiction]]'', [[Mary Wollstonecraft]] (1788)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16357/16357-h/16357-h.htm The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mary, by Mary Wollstonecraft<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Petition of Women of the Third Estate to the King'' (1789)<ref>[http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/472/ "Petition of Women of the Third Estate to the King" (1 January 1789)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Women's Petition to the [French] National Assembly" (1789)<ref>[http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/629/ Women's Petition to the National Assembly<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship'', [[Marquis de Condorcet]] (1790)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Library of Liberty<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1013&layout=html |access-date=2026-03-12 |archive-date=2021-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224113957/https://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1013&layout=html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"On the Equality of the Sexes", [[Judith Sargent Murray]], from ''The Massachusetts Magazine, or, Monthly Museum Concerning the Literature, History, Politics, Arts, Manners, Amusements of the Age, Vol. II'' (1790)<ref>[http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/murray/equality/equality.html On the Equality of the Sexes<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[A Vindication of the Rights of Woman]]'', [[Mary Wollstonecraft]] (1791)<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/vind.txt Vindication of the Rights of Woman]</ref> * [[Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen]], [[Olympe de Gouges]] (1791)<ref name="olympedegouges.eu">{{Cite web |title=The Rights of Women, by Olympe De Gouges, including the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, all in English |url=http://www.olympedegouges.eu/rights_of_women.php |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2021-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103043613/https://www.olympedegouges.eu/rights_of_women.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''The Rights of Women'' [including the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen], [[Olympe de Gouges]] (1791)<ref name="olympedegouges.eu"/> * ''[[Maria: or, The Wrongs of Woman]]'', [[Mary Wollstonecraft]] (1798)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria, or The Wrongs of Woman<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/WolMari.html |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2006-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061220160141/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==Awon ti sẹ́ńtúrì kọkàndínlógún (19) == ===Láti ọdún 1810–1820 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.=== * ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', [[Jane Austen]] (1813) *"An Address to the Public; Particularly to the Members of the Legislature of New-York, Proposing a Plan for Improving Female Education", [[Emma Willard]] (1819) * "Men and Women; Brief Hypothesis concerning the Difference in their Genius", [[John Neal (writer)|John Neal]] (1824)<ref>{{cite magazine | date = October 1824 | title = Men and Women; Brief Hypothesis concerning the Difference in their Genius | last = Neal | first = John | url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000496211 | magazine = Blackwood's Magazine | location = Edinburgh, Scotland | publisher = William Blackwood | volume = 16 (July&ndash;December 1824) | pages = 387&ndash;394}}</ref> * ''[[The Skeleton Count, or The Vampire Mistress]]'', [[Elizabeth Caroline Grey]] (1828) ===Àwọn ti ọdún 1830 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === * ''[[Indiana (novel)|Indiana]]'', [[George Sand]] (pen name of Amantine-Lucile-Aurore Dupin) (1832) * "Marriage Law Protest", [[Robert Dale Owen]] (1832)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Dale Owen and Mary Jane Robinson - Marriage Protest - 1832<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/od/marriage19th/a/owen_robinson.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005705/http://womenshistory.about.com/od/marriage19th/a/owen_robinson.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * ''[[Valentine (novel)|Valentine]]'', [[George Sand]] (pen name of Amantine-Lucile-Aurore Dupin) (1832) * ''Lélia'', [[George Sand]] (pen name of Amantine-Lucile-Aurore Dupin) (1833) * ''[[Jacques (novel)|Jacques]]'', [[George Sand]] (pen name of Amantine-Lucile-Aurore Dupin) (1834) *''The History of the Condition of Women in Various Ages and Nations'', [[Lydia Maria Child]] (1835)<ref name="Child1835">{{cite book|last=Child|first=Lydia Maria|title=The history of the condition of women in various ages and nations|url=https://archive.org/details/historyconditio02chilgoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1835}}</ref> *''Letters on the Equality of the Sexes'', [[Sarah Moore Grimké|Sarah Grimke]] (1837) *"Remarks Comprising in Substance Judge Hertell's Argument in the House of Assembly in the State of New York in the Session of 1837 in Support of the Bill to Restore to Married Women the 'Right of Property' as Guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States", Judge Thomas Hertell (1837) *''The Times that Try Men's Souls'', [[Maria Weston Chapman]] (1837)<ref name="EmersonEdwards2000">{{cite book|last1=Emerson|first1=Dorothy May|last2=Edwards|first2=June|last3=Knox|first3=Helene|title=Standing Before Us: Unitarian Universalist Women and Social Reform, 1776-1936|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djpfT5rHb5MC&pg=PA13|access-date=29 July 2013|year=2000|publisher=Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations|isbn=978-1-55896-380-1|page=13}}</ref> *''Woman'', [[Harriet Martineau]] (1837)<ref>[http://essays.quotidiana.org/martineau/woman/ "Woman" by Harriet Martineau<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''On Marriage'', [[Harriet Martineau]] (1838)<ref>[http://essays.quotidiana.org/martineau/marriage/ "On marriage" by Harriet Martineau<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ===Àwọn ti odun 1840 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *"Rights of Women: The Substance of a Lecture Delivered by John Neal at the Tabernacle", [[John Neal (writer)|John Neal]] (1843)<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Neal |first=John |date=June 17, 1843 |title=Rights of Women: The Substance of a Lecture Delivered by John Neal at the Tabernacle |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858045455221&view=1up&seq=199 |magazine=Brother Jonathan |location=New York, New York |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages= 183–185|publisher=Wilson & Company |access-date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> *''[[The Great Lawsuit]]'', [[Margaret Fuller]] (1843)<ref>[http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/fuller/debate.html Margaret Fuller<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Brief History of the Condition of Women: in Various Ages and Nations, Volume 2'', [[Lydia Maria Child]] (1845)<ref name="Child1845">{{cite book|last=Child|first=Lydia Maria Francis|title=Brief History of the Condition of Women: In Various Ages and Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQMYAAAAYAAJ|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1845|publisher=C. S. Francis & Company}}</ref> *"The Rights and Condition of Women", [[Samuel May]] (1845)<ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/naw:@field(DOCID+@lit(rbnawsan2749div0)) The rights and condition of women: a sermon, preached in Syracuse, Nov., 1845, by Samuel J. May<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Woman in the Nineteenth Century]]'', [[Margaret Fuller]] (1845)<ref>[http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/fuller/woman1.html Margaret Fuller<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Poganka'' (The Heathen Woman), by [[Narcyza Żmichowska]] (1846)<ref>Maria Woźniakiewicz-Dziadosz, ''Dzieje przyjaźni entuzjastek w świetle listów Narcyzy Żmichowskiej do Bibianny Moraczewskiej''</ref> *''[[Jane Eyre]]'', [[Charlotte Brontë]] (1847)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.literature.org/authors/bronte-charlotte/jane-eyre/ |title=Literature.org - The Online Literature Library<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504200054/http://www.literature.org/authors/bronte-charlotte/jane-eyre/ |archive-date=2013-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''[[Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter]]'', women's rights and abolitionist paper founded by [[Jane Swisshelm]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Bashaar|first=Kathryn|date=21 March 2020|title=Robert M. Riddle|url=http://www.kathrynbashaar.com/tag/pittsburgh-saturday-visiter/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Kathryn Bashaar|language=en-US}}</ref> *"[[Declaration of Sentiments|Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions]]", [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1848)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions |url=http://eweb.furman.edu/~benson/seneca-falls.cmu |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2019-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119171358/http://eweb.furman.edu/~benson/seneca-falls.cmu |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''[[The Tenant of Wildfell Hall]]'', [[Anne Brontë]] (1848) *"Voting Rights Speech", [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1848)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Cady Stanton - 1848 - We Now Demand Our Right to Vote<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_1848_stanton1.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2015-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518082117/http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_1848_stanton1.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Discourse on Woman", [[Lucretia Mott]] (1849)<ref>[http://gos.sbc.edu/m/mott.html Gifts of Speech - Lucretia Mott<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Lily (newspaper)|The Lily]]'', newpaper published by [[Amelia Bloomer]] (1849).<ref name="Women and Journalism">{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=Deborah|url=https://archive.org/details/womenjournalism00cham|title=Women and Journalism|last2=Steiner|first2=Linda|last3=Fleming|first3=Carole|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|page=[https://archive.org/details/womenjournalism00cham/page/n156 148]-149|url-access=limited}}</ref> ===Àwọn ti ọdún 1850 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === * ''[[The Scarlet Letter]],'' [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] (1850)<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Scarlet Letter: A Romance|last=Hawthorne|first=Nathaniel|publisher=Ticknor, Reed and Fields|year=1850|location=Boston}}</ref> *''Woman and Her Needs'', [[Elizabeth Oakes Smith]] (1850-1851)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neiu.edu/~thscherm/eos/w&amp;n.htm |title=Woman and her needs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000823085749/http://www.neiu.edu/~thscherm/eos/w%26n.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 23, 2000 |access-date=May 15, 2015 }}</ref> *[[Ain't I a Woman?]] speech, [[Sojourner Truth]] (1851)<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/sojtruth-woman.asp Sojourner Truth (1797-1883): Ain't I A Woman?]</ref> *"Enfranchisement of Women", [[Harriet Taylor Mill]], from the ''Westminster Review'' (1851) *"Speech at the National Woman's Rights Convention", [[Ernestine Rose]] (1851)<ref>[http://www.sojust.net/speeches/rose_nwrc.html Ernestine Potowski Rose: Speech at the National Woman's Rights Convention<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Responsibilities of Woman", [[Clarina Howard Nichols]] (1851)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/nichols_responsibilities.html Clarina Howard Nichols: The Responsibilities of Woman<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"[[Cassandra (essay)|Cassandra]]", [[Florence Nightingale]] (1852) *"Speech at the National Woman's Rights Convention", [[Matilda Joslyn Gage]] (1852)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.matildajoslyngage.org/gage-home/womens-rights-room/gages-writing/national-womans-rights-convention-1852/ |title=National Woman’s Rights Convention, 1852 {{!}} Matilda Joslyn Gage Foundation<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052325/http://www.matildajoslyngage.org/gage-home/womens-rights-room/gages-writing/national-womans-rights-convention-1852/ |archive-date=2018-06-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''[[Die Deutsche Frauen-Zeitung]],'' German-language women's rights journal published by [[Mathilde Franziska Anneke]] (1852).<ref>{{Cite journal|date=March 1974|title=Wisconsin's First Newspaper...by Women|url=https://jstor.org/stable/10.2307/community.28042973|journal=Quixote|volume=8|issue=3 (not a duplicate)|pages=5-6|doi=10.2307/community.28042973|via=JSTOR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bilić|first=Viktorija|date=|title=German-Language Media|url=https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/german-language-media/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Encyclopedia of Milwaukee|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-08-03|title=Anneke, Mathilde, 1817-1884|url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS494|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Wisconsin Historical Society|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''[[Villette (novel)|Villette]]'', [[Charlotte Brontë]] (1853) *''What Time of Night It Is'', [[Sojourner Truth]] (1853)<ref>[http://search.eb.com/women/article-9399825 Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Women's History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Women's Rights'', [[William Lloyd Garrison]] (1853)<ref>[http://fair-use.org/the-liberator/1853/10/28/womens-rights Women’s Rights (1853). By William Lloyd Garrison in THE LIBERATOR (1853-10-28) // Fair Use Repository<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Una]]'', feminist periodical published by [[Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis]] (1853).<ref name="Lemay">{{cite book|last1=Lemay|first1=Kate Clarke|title=Votes for Women: A Portrait of Persistence|last2=Goodier|first2=Susan|last3=Tetrault|first3=Lisa|last4=Jones|first4=Martha|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9780691191171|location=269}}</ref> *"A Brief Summary in Plain Language of the Most Important Laws Concerning Women", [[Barbara Bodichon]] (1854) *"Address to the Legislature of New York", [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1854)<ref>[http://www.sojust.net/speeches/stanton_ny_legislature.html Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Address to the Legislature of New York<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"English Laws for Women in the Nineteenth Century", [[Caroline Norton]] (1854)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/norton/englaw.html English Laws for Women in the Nineteenth Century<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"A Letter to the Queen On Lord Chancellor Cranworth's Marriage and Divorce Bill", [[Caroline Norton]] (1855)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/norton/letter.html A Letter to the Queen on Lord Chancellor Cranford’s Marriage and Divorce Bill<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Marriage of Lucy Stone Under Protest'', [[Lucy Stone]], Rev. [[Thomas Wentworth Higginson]], and [[Henry Browne Blackwell|Henry Blackwell]] (1855)<ref name="StantonAnthony1881">{{cite book|last1=Stanton|first1=Elizabeth Cady|last2=Anthony|first2=Susan B.|last3=Gage|first3=Matilda Joslyn|author4=Ida Husted Harper|title=History of Woman Suffrage|url=https://archive.org/details/historywomansuf00unkngoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1881|publisher=Susan B. Anthony|page=[https://archive.org/details/historywomansuf00unkngoog/page/n279 260]}}</ref> *"[[The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids]]", Herman Melville (1855) *''[[Ruth Hall: A Domestic Tale of the Present Time|Ruth Hall]]'', [[Fanny Fern]] (1855)<ref>[http://www.merrycoz.org/voices/ruthhall/HALL00.HTM Ruth Hall, by "Fanny Fern" (1854)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "The Right of Women to Exercise the Elective Franchise", [[Agnes Pochin]] (1855) *''Hertha'', [[Fredrika Bremer]] (1856)<ref>[http://runeberg.org/hertha/ Hertha eller en själs historia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Consistent democracy. The elective franchise for women. Twenty-five testimonies of prominent men, viz: ex-Gov. Anthony of R.I., Rev. [[Henry Ward Beecher]], Rev. [[William Henry Channing|Wm.H. Channing]] [etc.]" (1858)<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbnawsa&amp;fileName=n6179//rbnawsan6179.db&amp;recNum=0&amp;itemLink=r?ammem/nawbib:@field(NUMBER+@od1(rbnawsa+n6179))&amp;linkText=0&amp;presId=nawbib Votes for Women: Selections from the National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection, 1848-1921] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816054838/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbnawsa&fileName=n6179%2F%2Frbnawsan6179.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fnawbib%3A%40field%28NUMBER+%40od1%28rbnawsa+n6179%29%29&linkText=0&presId=nawbib |date=2017-08-16 }}</ref> *"Female Ministry, Or, Woman's Right to Preach the Gospel", [[Catherine Booth]] (1859)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/booth/ministry.html Female Ministry; or, Woman's Right to Preach the Gospel<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Ought Women to Learn the Alphabet?", [[Thomas Wentworth Higginson]] (1859)<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/185902/women-alphabet "Ought Women to Learn the Alphabet?"], ''The Atlantic''.</ref> ===Àwọn ti ọdún 1860 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *"A Practical Illustration of 'Woman's Right to Labor;' or, A Letter from [[Marie E. Zakrzewska]], M.D., Late of Berlin, Prussia", edited by [[Caroline Dall|Caroline H. Dall]] (1860)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11270/11270-h/11270-h.htm A Practical Illustration of "Woman's Right to Labor; or, A Letter from Marie E. Zakrzewska"], 1960.</ref> *''A Slave's Appeal'', [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1860)<ref>[http://www.sojust.net/speeches/stanton_slaves.html Elizabeth Cady Stanton: A Slave's Appeal<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Female Teaching'', [[Catherine Booth]] (1861)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/booth/femteach.html Female Teaching: Or, The Rev. A.A. Rees versus Mrs. Palmer, Being a Reply to a Pamphlet by the Above Gentleman on the Sunderland Revival<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl]]'', [[Harriet Jacobs]] (1861) *"A Woman's Philosophy of Woman; or Woman Affranchised. An Answer to Michelet, Proudhon, Girardin, Legouve, Comte, and Other Modern Innovators", [[Jenny d'Héricourt]] (1864) *''[[A Long Fatal Love Chase]]'', [[Louisa May Alcott]] (1866) *"Objections to the Enfranchisement of Women Considered", [[Barbara Bodichon]] (1866)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/bodichon/objections.html Objections to the Enfranchisement of Women Considered<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Higher Education of Women'', [[Emily Davies]] (1866)<ref name="Davies1866">{{cite book|last=Davies|first=Emily|title=The higher education of women|url=https://archive.org/details/highereducation00davigoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1866|publisher=A. Strahan}}</ref> *"Address To The First Anniversary Of The American Equal Rights Association", [[Frances Dana Barker Gage|Frances D. Gage]] (1867)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/fgage_anniversary.html Frances D. Gage: Address To The First Anniversary Of The American Equal Rights Association<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Keeping the Thing Going While Things Are Stirring", [[Sojourner Truth]] (1867)<ref>[http://www.nucalc.com/ron/Sojourner.html Sojourner Truth<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Little Women]]'', [[Louisa May Alcott]] (1868) *"The Destructive Male", [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1868)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/stanton_destructive_male.html Elizabeth Cady Stanton: The Destructive Male<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Education and Employment of Women", [[Josephine Butler]] (1868)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/butler/educ.html The Education and Employment of Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Criminals, Idiots, Women, and Minors'', [[Frances Power Cobbe]] (1869)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/cobbe/criminal.html Criminals, idiots, women and minors<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Subjection of Women]]'', [[John Stuart Mill]] (1869)<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/subjwmn.txt The Subjection of Women]</ref> * ''The Woman with Prospects'', [[Concepción Arenal]] (Seville, Spain) (1869) *''Women and Politics'', [[Charles Kingsley]] (1869)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20433/20433-h/20433-h.htm Women and Politics<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ===Àwọn ti ọdún 1870 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *"About Marrying Too Young" from ''[[The Revolution (newspaper)|The Revolution]]'', [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1870)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_marrying_001&document=stanton_marrying |title=EWWRP : Women's Advocacy Collection : 0 : 0 0<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2020-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102204614/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_marrying_001&document=stanton_marrying |archive-date=2015-01-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Are Women A Class?", [[Lillie Blake]] (1870)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/content.php?level=div&id=blake_class_001&document=blake_class |title=EWWRP : Women's Advocacy Collection : 0 : 0 0<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2020-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102205457/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/content.php?level=div&id=blake_class_001&document=blake_class |archive-date=2015-01-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Our Policy: An Address to Women Concerning the Suffrage", [[Frances Power Cobbe]] (1870)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/cobbe/ourpolicy.html Our Policy: an Address to Women Concerning the Suffrage<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Man's Rights'', [[Annie Denton Cridge]] (1870)<ref>[http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/cridge/rights/rights.html ''Man's Rights'', by Annie Denton Cridge]</ref> *''Endorsing Women's Enfranchisement'', Adelle Hazlett (1871)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/adelle_hazlett_endorsing.html Adelle Hazlett: Endorsing Women's Enfranchisement<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''Hit: Essays on Women's Rights'', [[Mary Edwards Walker]] (1871) *"Letters to and from Polly Plum", Polly Plum (pen name of [[Mary Ann Colclough]]) (1871)<ref>[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/questions-for-polly-plum Questions for Polly Plum | NZHistory, New Zealand history online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''On the Progress of Education and Industrial Avocations for Women'', [[Matilda Joslyn Gage]] (1871)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.matildajoslyngage.org/gage-home/womens-rights-room/gages-writing/on-the-progress-of-education-and-industrial-avocations-for-womenby-matilda-joslyn-gage-1871/ |title=On the Progress of Education and Industrial Avocations for Women by Matilda Joslyn Gage, 1871 {{!}} Matilda Joslyn Gage Foundation<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329131821/http://www.matildajoslyngage.org/gage-home/womens-rights-room/gages-writing/on-the-progress-of-education-and-industrial-avocations-for-womenby-matilda-joslyn-gage-1871/ |archive-date=2018-03-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Put Us In Your Place" from ''[[The Revolution (newspaper)|The Revolution]]'', [[Lillie Blake]] (1871)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/content.php?level=div&id=blake_place_001&document=blake_place |title=EWWRP : Women's Advocacy Collection : 0 : 0 0<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2020-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222853/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/content.php?level=div&id=blake_place_001&document=blake_place |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''On Woman's Right to Suffrage'', [[Susan B. Anthony]] (1872)<ref>[http://www.thelizlibrary.org/undelete/library/library00311.html Women of Achievement Library (Author Index)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Reasons For and Against the Enfranchisement of Women'', [[Barbara Bodichon]] (1872)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/bodichon/enfranchise.html Reasons For and Against the Enfranchisement of Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Adventures of a Woman in Search of her Rights'', [[Florence Claxton]] (1872) *''Marta'' ([[Polish language|Polish]] for "Martha"), a novel by [[Eliza Orzeszkowa]] (1873)<ref>[[Eliza Orzeszkowa]], ''Marta: a Novel'', translated by Anna Gąsienica Byrcyn and Stephanie Kraft, with an introduction by Grażyna J. Kozaczka, Athens, Ohio University Press, 2018, 179 pp., {{ISBN|978-0-8214-2313-4}}.</ref><ref>Anna Gąsienica Byrcyn and Stephanie Kraft, "A Passage from Eliza Orzeszkowa's Novel Entitled ''Marta''", ''[[The Polish Review]]'', vol. 62, no. 3, 2017, pp. 17–35.</ref> *"Sentencing of [[Susan B. Anthony]] for the Crime of Voting" (1873)<ref>[http://search.eb.com/women/article-9404095 Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Women's History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Uncivil Liberty: An Essay to Show the Injustice and Impolicy of Ruling Woman Without Her Consent", [[Ezra Heywood]] (1873) *''Woman: Man's Equal'', Thomas Webster (1873)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11632/11632-h/11632-h.htm The Project Gutenberg eBook of Woman, by Rev. Thos. Webster, D.D<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Women's Temperance Movement", [[Mark Twain]] (1873)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/twain_women.html Mark Twain: Women's Temperance Movement<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Papa's Own Girl'', [[Marie Howland]] (1874) *"Some Thoughts on the Present Aspect of the Crusade Against the State Regulation of Vice", [[Catherine Booth]] (1874)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/butler/thoughts.html Some Thoughts on the Present Aspect of the Crusade Against the State Regulation of Vice<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * {{cite book|last=Blackwell|first=Antoinette|author-link=Antoinette Brown Blackwell|title=The Sexes Throughout Nature|orig-year=first published 1875|publisher=Hyperion Press|year=1976|isbn=0-88355-349-X|title-link=The Sexes Throughout Nature}}<ref>[https://archive.org/texts/flipbook/flippy.php?id=cu31924031174372 Internet Archive: Details: The sexes throughout nature<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "Declaration of Rights of the Women of the United States", [[National Woman Suffrage Association]], July 4, 1876<ref>[http://ecssba.rutgers.edu/docs/decl.html Declaration of Rights of the Women of the United States by the National Woman Suffrage Association]</ref> *''Why Women Desire the Franchise'', [[Frances Power Cobbe]] (1877)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/cobbe/cobbewhy.html Why Women Desire the Franchise<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"An Appeal to the Men of New Zealand", Femina (pen name of [[Mary Ann Muller]]) (1878)<ref>[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/an-appeal-to-the-men-of-new-zealand 'An appeal to the men of New Zealand' | NZHistory, New Zealand history online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[A Doll's House]]'', [[Henrik Ibsen]] (1879)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pd.sparknotes.com/lit/dollhouse/section2.html |title=SparkNotes: Complete Text of A Doll House: Act I<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-date=2018-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618005443/http://pd.sparknotes.com/lit/dollhouse/section2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''Social Purity'', [[Josephine Butler]] (1879)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/butler/social.html Social Purity<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Colorado Antelope'', feminist periodical founded by [[Caroline Nichols Churchill]] in 1879, later known as the ''[[Queen Bee (newspaper)|Queen Bee]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Duncan|first=Elizabeth|date=|title=Caroline Nichols Churchill|url=https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/caroline-nichols-churchill|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 February 2021|website=Colorado Encyclopedia}}</ref> === Àwọn tí ọdún 1880 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === * ''[[Mizora]]'', Mary Lane (1880&ndash;81) *''Common Sense About Women'', [[Thomas Wentworth Higginson]] (1881)<ref name="Higginson1881">{{cite book|last=Higginson|first=Thomas Wentworth|title=Common Sense about Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WgEYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1881|publisher=Lee and Shepard|page=7}}</ref> *''Women and the Alphabet: A Series of Essays'', [[Thomas Wentworth Higginson]] (1881) * ''Die Frauenfrage in Deutschland'', [[Augusta Bender]] (1883) *''The Constitutional Rights of the Women of the United States'', [[Isabella Beecher Hooker]] (1883)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/isabella_hooker_constitutional.html Isabella Beecher Hooker: The Constitutional Rights Of The Women Of The United States<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Story of an African Farm]]'', [[Olive Schreiner]] (1883)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1441/1441.txt The Story of an African Farm]</ref> *''The Woman in her House'', [[Concepción Arenal]] (1883) *''What Shall We Do With our Daughters? Superfluous Women and Other Lectures'', [[Mary A. Livermore]] (1883)<ref name="Livermore1883">{{cite book|last=Livermore|first=Mary Ashton Rice|title=What Shall We Do with Our Daughters?: Superfluous Women, and Other Lectures|url=https://archive.org/details/whatshallwedowi00livegoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1883|publisher=Lee and Shepard}}</ref> *''The Iniquity of State Regulated Vice'', [[Catherine Booth]] (1884)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/booth/iniquity.html The Iniquity of State Regulated Vice. A Speech Delivered at Exeter Hall, London, on February 6th, 1884<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Need of Liberal Divorce Laws" from the ''North American Review'', [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1884)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_divorce_001&document=stanton_divorce |title=EWWRP : Women's Advocacy Collection : 0 : 0 0<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2020-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102204638/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/advocacy/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_divorce_001&document=stanton_divorce |archive-date=2015-01-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''[[The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State]]'', [[Friedrich Engels]] (1884)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/index.htm Origins of the Family<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Has Christianity Benefited Woman?", [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], from the ''North American Review'' (1885)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/ewwrp/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_christianity_001&document=stanton_christianity |title=Emory Women Writers Resource Project : 0 : 0 0<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072041/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/ewwrp/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_christianity_001&document=stanton_christianity |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''Men, Women, And Gods, And Other Lectures'', [[Helen H. Gardener]] (1885)<ref>[http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/helen_gardener/men_women_and_gods.html#1.2 Men, Women, And Gods<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Bostonians]]'', Henry James (1886) * ''Cathy the Caryatid'' ({{lang-pl|Kaśka Kariatyda}}), a novel by [[Gabriela Zapolska]] (1886) *''The Woman Question'', [[Edward Aveling]] and [[Eleanor Marx Aveling]] (1886)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/eleanor-marx/works/womanq.htm The Woman Question<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Misogyny in Excelsis'', [[Annie Besant]] (1887)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/besant/1887/mysogyny.htm Misogyny in Excelsis by Annie Besant August 1887<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Women and Men'', [[Thomas Wentworth Higginson]] (1888)<ref name="Higginson1888">{{cite book|last=Higginson|first=Thomas Wentworth|title=Women and Men|url=https://archive.org/details/womenandmen00higggoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1888|publisher=Harper & Brothers|page=[https://archive.org/details/womenandmen00higggoog/page/n13 1]}}</ref> *''Women Who Go To College'', [[Arthur Gilman]] (1888)<ref>[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=GilWome&amp;tag=public&amp;images=images/modeng&amp;data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed About The Etext Center | University of Virginia Library Digital Curation Services<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405223457/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=GilWome&images=images%2Fmodeng&data=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fparsed&tag=public |date=2005-04-05 }}</ref> * ''[[New Amazonia]]'', [[Elizabeth Burgoyne Corbett]] (1889) * ''The Administratrix'', [[Emma Ghent Curtis]] (1889) * ''[[Anno Domini 2000, or, Woman's Destiny|Anno Domini, or Woman's Destiny]] 2000'' [[Julius Vogel]] 1889 * ''Ein deutsches Mädchen in Amerika'', Augusta Bender (1893) === Tí Àwọn ọdún 1890 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ=== * "Sex Slavery", [[Voltairine de Cleyre]] (1890)<ref>[http://praxeology.net/VC-SS.htm Voltairine de Cleyre - Sex Slavery<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[Le Droit des femmes]]'', meaning ''Women's Rights'' (1869 to 1891) *''A Doll's House Repaired'', [[Eleanor Marx Aveling]] (1891)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/eleanor-marx/1891/dolls-house-repaired.htm A Doll's House Repaired by Eleanor Marx 1891<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Woman's Movement in the South'', A.P. Mayo (1891)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman's Movement in the South<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_mayo_southern_woman.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2017-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326030135/http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_mayo_southern_woman.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Transactions of the [[National Council of Women of the United States]]" (1891)<ref name="StatesMeeting1891">{{cite book|last=Lippincott|first=J.B.|title=Transactions of the National Council of Women of the United States: Assembled in Washington, D.C., February 22 to 25, 1891|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bpU0xGnVETsC&pg=PA218|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1891|publisher=National Council of Women of the United|page=218}}</ref> *''[[A Voice from the South]]'', [[Anna Julia Cooper]] (1892) *"Hearing of the Woman Suffrage Association" (1892)<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/t/hist/suffrage-hearing-1892/ Hearing of the Woman suffrage association (1892)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Solitude of Self'', [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1892)<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/stantonanthony/resources/index.html?body=solitude_self.html PBS: Not For Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony-Resources<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "[[The Yellow Wallpaper]]", [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1892)<ref>[http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/wallpaper.html Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063433/http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/wallpaper.html |date=2013-12-03 }}</ref> *''[[Woman's Progress]]'', Catholic women's rights periodical (1892)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Charlton|first=Faith|date=2010-10-21|title=Jane and Marianne Campbell: Catholic Feminists|url=https://chrc-phila.org/jane-and-marianne-campbell-catholic-feminists/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Catholic Historical Research Center of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''[[The New Woman]]'' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Emancypantki''), a novel by [[Bolesław Prus#Novels|Bolesław Prus]] (1890–93) *''So That Women May Receive the Vote'', [[Meri Te Tai Mangakāhia]] (1893)<ref>[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/so-that-women-can-get-the-vote 'So that women may receive the vote' | NZHistory, New Zealand history online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Progress of Fifty Years", [[Lucy Stone]] (1893)<ref>[http://www.sojust.net/speeches/lucy_stone_progress.html Lucy Stone: The Progress of Fifty Years<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[Unveiling a Parallel]]'', Alice Ilgenfritz Jones & Ella Merchant (1893)<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/uap/index.htm Unveiling a Parallel, A Romance Index<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Woman, Church, and State'', [[Matilda Joslyn Gage]] (1893)<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/wcs/index.htm Women, Church and State Index<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Women's Cause is One and Universal'', [[Anna Julia Cooper]] (1893)<ref>[http://www.blackpast.org/?q=1893-anna-julia-cooper-womens-cause-one-and-universal (1893) Anna Julia Cooper, " Women's Cause is One and Universal" | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "Common Sense" Applied to Women's Suffrage, [[Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi]] (1894) *"Speech on Women's Suffrage", [[Carrie Chapman Catt]] (1894)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Class Versus Gender: Catt Taps Middle-Class and Nativist Fears to Boost Women's Causes<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5318 |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2018-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920030117/http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5318 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"[[The Story of an Hour]]", [[Kate Chopin]] (1894)<ref>[http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/webtexts/hour/ "The Story of an Hour"<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The New Woman'', [[Winona Branch Sawyer]] (1895)<ref>[[s:Oread/August 1895/The New Woman]]</ref> *"What Becomes of the Girl Graduates", [[Winona Branch Sawyer]] (1895)<ref>[[s:Oread/August 1895/What Becomes of the Girl Graduates]]</ref> *"Anarchy and the Sex Question" from the ''New York World'', [[Emma Goldman]] (1896)<ref>[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/goldman/sexquestion.html Anarchy and the Sex Question<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Only in Conjunction With the Proletarian Woman Will Socialism Be Victorious", [[Clara Zetkin]] (1896)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/zetkin/1896/10/women.htm Clara Zetkin: Proletarian Woman and Socialism (1896)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Proletarian in the Home'', [[Eleanor Marx Aveling]] (1896)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/eleanor-marx/1896/11/proletarian-home.htm The Proletarian in the Home by Eleanor Marx 1896<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Women of To-Morrow'', William Hard (1896)<ref>[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=HarWome.sgm&amp;images=images/modeng&amp;data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&amp;tag=public&amp;part=1&amp;division=div1 About The Etext Center | University of Virginia Library Digital Curation Services<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030311214153/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=HarWome.sgm&images=images%2Fmodeng&data=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fparsed&tag=public&part=1&division=div1 |date=2003-03-11 }}</ref> *''Truth Before Everything'', [[Catherine Booth]] (1897)<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/butler/truth.html Truth Before Everything<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Why Go To College? An Address by [[Alice Freeman Palmer]], Formerly President of Wellesley College", [[Alice Freeman Palmer]] (1897)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2361/2361-h/2361-h.htm The Project Gutenberg E-text of Why go to College? by Alice Freeman Palmer<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Eighty Years and More'', [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1898)<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/stanton/years/years.html Eighty Years And More<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Renaissance of Girls' Education in England, a Record of Fifty Years Progress'', [[Alice Zimmern]] (1898)<ref name=autogenerated2 /> * "[[The Storm (short story)|The Storm]]", [[Kate Chopin]] (1898) *''[[The Woman's Bible]]'', [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1898)<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/wb/index.htm The Woman's Bible Index<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Women and Economics]]'', [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1898)<ref>[http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/gilman/economics/economics.html Women and Economics<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[Arqtiq]]'', Anna Adolph (1899) * ''[[The Awakening (Chopin novel)|The Awakening]]'', [[Kate Chopin]] (1899)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SparkNotes: Complete Text of The Awakening: Part I<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://pd.sparknotes.com/lit/awakening/section1.html |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2018-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131230239/http://pd.sparknotes.com/lit/awakening/section1.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==Àwọn ti sẹ́ńtúrì ogún (20)== ===Àwọn tí ọdún 1900 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *"Are Homogenous Divorce Laws in All the States Desirable?" from the ''North American Review'', [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1900)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/ewwrp/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_states_001&document=stanton_states |title=Emory Women Writers Resource Project : 0 : 0 0<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720101134/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/ewwrp/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_states_001&document=stanton_states |archive-date=2010-07-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Inspired" Marriage, [[Robert G. Ingersoll|Robert Ingersoll]] (1900)<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/aor/ing/vol02/i0122.htm Some Mistakes of Moses: XXVI: 'Inspired' Marriage<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Progress of the American Woman" from the ''North American Review'', [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] (1900)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/ewwrp/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_progress_001&document=stanton_progress |title=Emory Women Writers Resource Project : 0 : 0 0<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053730/http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/ewwrp/content.php?level=div&id=stanton_progress_001&document=stanton_progress |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''A Bundle of Fallacies'', [[Dora Montefiore]] (1901)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1901/02/fallacies.htm A Bundle of Fallacies by Dora B Montefiore 1901<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Die Frauenfrage ihre geschichtliche Entwicklung und wirtschaftliche Seite'', [[Lily Braun]] (1901)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14075/14075-h/14075-h.htm The Project Gutenberg eBook of Die Frauenfrage, by Lily Braun<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Votes for Women", [[Mark Twain]] (1901)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/twain_votes.html Mark Twain: Votes for Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Woman'', [[Kate Austin]] (1901)<ref>[[s:Woman (Kate Austin)]]</ref> *"A Response to "Republics Versus Women" by Mrs. Kate Trimble Wolsey", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1903)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1903/06/republics.htm "Republics Versus Women," by Mrs. Kate Trimble Wolsey by Dora B Montefiore 1903<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Declaration of Principles", by the [[National American Woman Suffrage Association]] (1904)<ref>[http://www.thelizlibrary.org/undelete/library/library006.html Women of Achievement Library (Author Index)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"What Interest does the Women's Movement have in Solving the Homosexual Problem?" by [[Anna Rüling]] (1904)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051120022127/http://undelete.org/library/library020.html What Interest does the Women's Movement have in Solving the Homosexual Problem?]</ref> *"[[Sultana's Dream]]" from ''The Indian Ladies Magazine'', [[Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain]] (1905)<ref>[http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/sultana/dream/dream.html Sultana's Dream<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[The House of Mirth]]'', [[Edith Wharton]] (1905) *''Blackburn S.D.P.'', [[Dora Montefiore]] (1906)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#06-05 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Kobiety'' (Women), [[Zofia Nałkowska]] (1906 Polish novel) *"German Socialist Women's Movement", [[Clara Zetkin]] (1906)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/zetkin/1909/10/09.htm Clara Zetkin: German Socialist Women’s Movement (1909)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Jus Suffragii]]'', the official journal of the [[International Woman Suffrage Alliance]] (1906 to 1924) *''Love's Coming of Age'', [[Edward Carpenter]] (1906)<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/lgbt/lca/index.htm Love's Coming of Age Index<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Social-Democracy &amp; Woman Suffrage'', [[Clara Zetkin]] (1906)<ref name=autogenerated1 /> *"Some Words to Socialist Women", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1907)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1907/xx/pamphlet_socialist_women.htm Some Words to Socialist Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"A Response to "Why I am Opposed to Female Suffrage" by [[E. Belfort Bax]]", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/04/heresy.htm 'Why I am Opposed to Female Suffrage' by Dora B Montefiore 1909<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"A Review of "Women's Work and Wages" by [[Edward Cadbury|Edward Cadbury M.]], Cecile Matheson and George Shann", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#07-24 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Herland (novel)|Herland]]'', [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/hrl/index.htm Herland Index<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Items of Interest", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#05-15 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Items of Interest from Other Countries", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#06-12 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Ladies and the Suffrage", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#05-08 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Politics and Prayers", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#02-27 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Englishwoman'', [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#07-17 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Evolution of Sex'', [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#09-04 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Future of Woman", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#09-11 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Latest Play of the Stage Society", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#06-19 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The London Congress of the International Alliance for Women Suffrage", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#06-07 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Position of Women in the Socialist Movement", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/socialist_women.htm The Position of Women in the Socialist Movement 1909<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Woman Movement'', [[Ellen Key]] (1909)<ref name="Key1912">{{cite book|last=Key|first=Ellen|title=The Woman Movement|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924021874056|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1912|publisher=G.P. Putman's Sons}}</ref> *''What Diantha Did'', [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1909–10)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3016/3016.txt What Diantha Did]</ref> *"What Every Socialist Woman Should Know", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#01-09 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Woman — Comrade and Equal", [[Eugene V. Debs]] (1909)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1909/xx/justice.htm#12-04 Justice Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''Narcyza'', [[Zofia Nałkowska]] (1910 Polish novel) ===Àwọn ti ọdún 1910 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *''Love and Marriage'', [[Ellen Key]] (1911)<ref name="Key1911">{{cite book|last=Key|first=Ellen|title=Love and Marriage|url=https://archive.org/details/loveandmarriage01keygoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1911|publisher=Putnam}}</ref> *''Marriage and Love'', [[Emma Goldman]] (1911)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emma Goldman - Marriage and Love - Anarchism and Other Essays<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_eg_anb_marriage_love.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121226/http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_eg_anb_marriage_love.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''[[Moving the Mountain (novel)|Moving the Mountain]]'', [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1911) *''Our Androcentric Culture, or The Man Made World'', [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1911)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3015/3015-h/3015-h.htm Our Androcentric Culture, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Hypocrisy of Puritanism", [[Emma Goldman]] (1911)<ref>[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/goldman/aando/puritanism.html The Hypocrisy of Puritanism<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Sex and Woman Questions'', [[Lena Morrow Lewis]] (1911)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/lewis/1911/sexquestions.htm Lena Morrow Lewis-The Sex and Woman Questions<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Traffic in Women", [[Emma Goldman]] (1911)<ref>[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/goldman/aando/traffic.html The Traffic In Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Tragedy of Woman's Emancipation", [[Emma Goldman]] (1911)<ref>[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/goldman/aando/emancipation.html The Tragedy Of Woman'S Emancipation<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Woman and Labor'', [[Olive Schreiner]] (1911)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1440/1440-h/1440-h.htm Woman and Labour, by Olive Schreiner<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[Pygmalion (play)|Pygmalion]]'', [[George Bernard Shaw]] (1912) *"Sudden Jolt Forward of the World", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1912)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1912/11/jolt.htm Sudden Jolt Forward of the World<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Woman Voter'', [[Vida Goldstein]] (1912)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/history/australia/1912/woman-voter.htm Women’s Political Association (Non-Party) by The Woman<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Two Suffrage Movements'', [[Martha Gruening]] (1912)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two Suffrage Movements - Martha Gruening<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_crisis_1912b.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193129/http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_crisis_1912b.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Womanhood Suffrage", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1912)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1912/11/womanhood.htm Womanhood Suffrage<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Woman With Empty Hands: The Evolution of a Suffragette", [[Marion Hamilton Carter]] (1913)<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t7jq0wt5v&view=1up&seq=9''The Woman with Empty Hands: The Evolution of a Suffragette''. New York: Dodd Mead and Company, 1913.]</ref> *"Freedom or Death", [[Emmeline Pankhurst]] (1913)<ref>[[s:Freedom or death]]</ref> *"If Men Were Seeking the Franchise", [[Jane Addams]] (1913)<ref>Addams, Jane (June 1913). [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:t0OHqAuit8UJ:nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/gilded/power/text12/addams.pdf+%22men+%22+%22seeking+the+franchise%22&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=us&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESizmIVSX7_pgxR8j21vJjD8v52w2hWASSooIeM21m3-tcR8E4_Q8okn0nXp6Ekan6q40yw-c7bjV4Ic6ENRUFnQN8_Mc0KZ2lw1PXRXbrlKY2urwOmYAUhBjeOUoSPlJYZSIcUs&amp;sig=AHIEtbQb4J3ol4ZU552Sdqj4WWwj76yyFQ "If Men Were Seeking the Franchise."] ''Ladies' Home Journal''.</ref> *''Samantha on the Woman Question'', [[Marietta Holley]]<ref name="Holley1913">{{cite book|last=Holley|first=Marietta|title=Samantha on the woman question|url=https://archive.org/details/samanthaonwoman00hollgoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1913|publisher=Fleming H. Revell company}}</ref> *The Needle and the Pen, poem by Silvia Fernandez (1913) *"Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper" from ''The Forerunner'', [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1913)<ref>[http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/whyyw.html Gilman, Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129185130/http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/whyyw.html |date=November 29, 2013 }}</ref> *''A Short History of Women's Rights, From the Days of Augustus to the Present Time. With Special Reference to England and the United States'', Eugene A. Hecker (1914)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11672/11672-8.txt A Short History of Women's Rights]</ref> *''La Rosa Muerta'', [[Aurora Cáceres]] (1914)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caceres, La rosa muerta, Índice<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://evergreen.loyola.edu/tward/www/mujeres/caceres/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2017-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013183443/http://evergreen.loyola.edu/tward/www/mujeres/caceres/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''To the Women of Kooyong'', [[Vida Goldstein]] (1914)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/history/australia/1914/kooyong.htm Parliament for Women. by Vida Goldstein 1914<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Are Women People? A Book of Rhymes for Suffrage Times'', [[Alice Duer Miller]] (1915)<ref name="Miller1915">{{cite book|last=Miller|first=Alice Duer|title=Are women people?: A book of rhymes for suffrage times|url=https://archive.org/details/arewomenpeoplea01millgoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1915|publisher=George H. Doran}}</ref> *"How It Feels to Be the Husband of a Suffragette", Mr. Catt (married to [[Carrie Chapman Catt]]) (1915)<ref name="Him1915">{{cite book|last=Him|first=George|title=How it Feels to be the Husband of a Suffragette|url=https://archive.org/details/howitfeelstobeh00conggoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1915|publisher=George H. Doran Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/howitfeelstobeh00conggoog/page/n9 7]}}</ref> *''In Times Like These'', [[Nellie L. McClung]] (1915)<ref name="McClung1915">{{cite book|last=McClung|first=Nellie L.|title=In Times Like These, by Nellie L. McClung|url=https://archive.org/details/intimeslikethes00mcclgoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1915|publisher=D. Appleton}}</ref> *"The Fundamental Principle of a Republic", [[Anna Howard Shaw]] (1915) *''Woman's Work in Municipalities'', [[Mary Ritter Beard]] (1915)<ref name="Beard1915">{{cite book|last=Beard|first=Mary Ritter|title=Woman's work in municipalities|url=https://archive.org/details/womansworkinmun00beargoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1915|publisher=Arno Press}}</ref> *"The Crisis", [[Carrie Chapman Catt]] (1916)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/speeches/catt_the_crisis.html Carrie Chapman Catt: The Crisis<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Social Evil, Women's Convention, by the Women's Political Association (Non-Party)" (1916)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/history/australia/1916/social-evil.htm The Social Evil by Women's Political Association (Non-Party) 1916<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Trifles: A Play in One Act'', [[Susan Glaspell]] (1916)<ref>[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=GlaTrif&amp;tag=public&amp;images=images/modeng&amp;data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed About The Etext Center | University of Virginia Library Digital Curation Services<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030228112143/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=GlaTrif&tag=public&images=images%2Fmodeng&data=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fparsed |date=2003-02-28 }}</ref> *''[[With Her in Ourland]]'', [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] (1916) *''[[The Job (novel)|The Job]]'', [[Sinclair Lewis]] (1917) * ''The Sturdy Oak'', [[Elizabeth Jordan]] (editor) (1917) *"Speech to Congress", [[Carrie Chapman Catt]] (1917)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman Suffrage - Carrie Chapman Catt Speech Before Congress 1917<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/od/cattcarriec/a/cong_1917_speec.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120036/http://womenshistory.about.com/od/cattcarriec/a/cong_1917_speec.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''Woman Suffrage'', [[Emma Goldman]] (1917)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emma Goldman - Woman Suffrage - Anarchism and Other Essays<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_eg_an9_woman_suffrage.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2016-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405040518/http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_eg_an9_woman_suffrage.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''Women Are People!'', [[Alice Duer Miller]] (1917)<ref name="Miller1917">{{cite book|last=Miller|first=Alice Duer|title=Women are People!|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EBugAAAAMAAJ|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1917|publisher=George H. Doran Company}}</ref> *"Labour Party Women's Conference", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1918)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1918/10/lpw.htm Labour Party Women’s Conference<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Married Love'', [[Marie Stopes]] (1918)<ref>[http://www.thelizlibrary.org/undelete/library/library008.html Women of Achievement Library (Author Index)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Mobilizing Woman-Power", [[Harriot Stanton Blatch]] (1918)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10080/10080-h/10080-h.htm The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mobilizing Woman-Power, by Harriot Stanton Blatch<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"A Call to Our Women Comrades", [[Dora Montefiore]] (1919)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1919/01/09.htm A Call to Our Women Comrades<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"On the History of the Movement of Women Workers in Russia", [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1919)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1919/history.htm On the History of the Movement of Women Workers in Russia 1919<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Pioneers of Birth Control in England and America'', [[Victor Robinson]] (1919)<ref name="Robinson1919">{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=Victor|title=Pioneers of birth control in England and America|url=https://archive.org/details/pioneersbirthco00robigoog|access-date=29 July 2013|year=1919|publisher=Voluntary parenthood league}}</ref> *''The Woman and the Right to Vote'', [[Rafael Palma]] (1919) *''Woman triumphant; the story of her struggles for freedom, education, and political rights. Dedicated to all noble-minded women by an appreciative member of the other sex'', Rudolph Cronau (1919)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/womantriumphants00cron#page/n3/mode/2up Woman triumphant; the story of her struggles for freedom, education, and political rights. Dedicated to all noble-minded women by an appreciative member of the other sex<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Women Workers Struggle For Their Rights", [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1919)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1919/women-workers/index.htm Women Workers Struggle For Their Rights by Alexandra Kollontai 1919<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ===Àwọn tí ọdún 1920 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *''Communism and the Family'', [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1920)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1920/communism-family.htm Communism and the Family by Alexandra Kollontai<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"International Women's Day", [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1920)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1920/womens-day.htm Alexandra Kollontai 1920. International Womens' Day<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Jailed For Freedom'', [[Doris Stevens]] (1920)<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/3604/pg3604.html Jailed for Freedom]</ref> *''Now We Can Begin'', [[Crystal Eastman]] (1920)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Now We Can Begin<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_eastman_crystal_1920.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2015-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404032627/http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_eastman_crystal_1920.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''Race Motherhood, Is Woman a Race?'', [[Dora Montefiore]] (1920)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1920/xx/race.htm Race Motherhood, Is Women a Race? 1920<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[The Age of Innocence]]'', [[Edith Wharton]] (1920) *''Woman and the New Race'', [[Margaret Sanger]] (1920)<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/wnr/index.htm Woman and the New Race Index<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Women and Communism'', [[Dora Montefiore]] (1920) *''[[Helena Swanwick|Mrs. Swanwick]] on Women'', [[Dora Montefiore]] (1921)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1921/12/10.htm CPGB: Mrs. Swanwick on Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Prostitution and Ways of Fighting It'', [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1921)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1921/prostitution.htm Prostitution and ways of fighting it by Alexandra Kollontai<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Sexual Relations and the Class Struggle'', [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1921)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1921/sex-class-struggle.htm Works of Alexandra Kollontai 1921<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Labor of Women in the Evolution of the Economy'', [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1921)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1921/evolution.htm The Labour of Women in the Evolution of the Economy] by [[Alexandra Kollontai]] 1921<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> *''The Morality of Birth Control'', [[Margaret Sanger]] (1921)<ref>[https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/margaretsangermoralityofbirthcontrol.htm American Rhetoric: Margaret Sanger - The Morality of Birth Control<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Theses on Communist Morality in the Sphere of Marital Relations'', [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1921)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1921/theses-morality.htm Works of Alexandra Kollontai 1921<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Woman's Rights Party Platform" (1922)<ref>[http://www.thelizlibrary.org/undelete/library/library009.html Women of Achievement Library (Author Index)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''A Great Love'', [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1923)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1929/great/index.htm Kollontai – A Great Love<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Red Love'', [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1923)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/red-love/index.htm Kollontai – Red Love<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "Manifesto of the [Japanese] League for the Realization of Women's Suffrage" (1924)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rUJKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169&lpg=PA169&dq=manifesto+1924++League+for+the+Realization+of+Women%E2%80%99s+Suffrage&source=bl&ots=-YiHa26tr0&sig=Kc1MU9vMZYbXtzzMBL3Y8PAwERY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEy-KXhf7aAhUjuVkKHU0SCD0Q6AEIOjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false "Manifesto of the League for the Realization of Women's Suffrage", in English]</ref> *''From a Victorian To a Modern'', [[Dora Montefiore]] (1925)<ref name=autogenerated3>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1925/autobiography/index.htm From a Victorian to a Modern<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Double Task: The Struggle of Negro Women for Sex and Race Emancipation", [[Elise Johnson McDougald]] (1925)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elise Johnson McDougald on "The Double Task: The Struggle of Negro Women for Sex and Race Emancipation"<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5126/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612044928/http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5126 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''Concerning Women'', [[Suzanne La Follette]] (1926) *''The Autobiography of a Sexually Emancipated Communist Woman'', [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1926)<ref name=autogenerated3 /> *''[[A Room of One's Own]]'', [[Virginia Woolf]] (1929)<ref>[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91r/chapter1.html A room of one’s own, by Virginia Woolf : chapter1<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161314/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91r/chapter1.html |date=2008-12-08 }}</ref> ===Àwọn tí ọdún 1930 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *''[[Women in Music]]'', edited by [[Frédérique Petrides]] (1935) *''[[Nightwood]]'', [[Djuna Barnes]] (1936) *''[[Three Guineas]]'', [[Virginia Woolf]] (1938)<ref>[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91tg/chapter1.html Three Guineas, by Virginia Woolf : chapter1<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828180903/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91tg/chapter1.html |date=2008-08-28 }}</ref> ===Àwọn tí ọdún 1940 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *''Are Women Paid Men's Rates?'', Robert L. Day, Lucy G. Woodcock, and Muriel Heagney of the Council of Action for Equal Pay (1942)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/history/australia/1942/womens-rates.htm Are Women Paid Men's Rates?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Laura (novel)|Laura]]'', [[Vera Caspary]] (1943) *''Woman as a Force in History. A Study in Traditions and Realities'', [[Mary Ritter Beard]] (1946)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/beard/woman-force/index.htm Woman as a Force in History]</ref> * ''[[The Second Sex]]'' (French: ''Le Deuxième Sexe''), [[Simone de Beauvoir]] (1949) ===Àwọn tí ọdún 1950 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ=== * "Women as a Minority Group", Helen Mayer Hacker (1951) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.pfeiffer.edu/lridener/courses/womminor.html |title=Women as a Minority Group - Helen Mayer Hacker |publisher=Media.pfeiffer.edu |date=1926-05-01 |access-date=2015-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425170951/http://media.pfeiffer.edu/lridener/courses/womminor.html |archive-date=2015-04-25 }}</ref> *''The Matriarchal-Brotherhood: Sex and Labor in Primitive Society'', [[Evelyn Reed]] (1954)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/reed-evelyn/1954/matriarchal-brotherhood.htm The Matriarchal-Brotherhood by Evelyn Reed 1954<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Myth of Women's Inferiority'', [[Evelyn Reed]] (1954)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/reed-evelyn/1954/myth-inferiority.htm The Myth of Women's Inferiority by Evelyn Reed 1954<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''The Feminist Movement in the Philippines 1905-1955: A Golden Book to commemorate The Golden Jubilee of the Feminist Movement in the Philippines,'' [[Trinidad Tarrosa-Subido]] (1955)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tarrosa-Subido|first=Trinidad|title=The Feminist Movement in the Philippines 1905-1955: A Golden Book to commemorate The Golden Jubilee of the Feminist Movement in the Philippines.|publisher=Philippines: National Federation of Women's Clubs.|year=1955}}</ref> ===1960s=== *"The Human Situation: A Feminine View", [[Valerie Saiving]] (1960)<ref>[http://rel.as.ua.edu/pdf/rel101saiving.pdf The Human Situation: A Feminine View]</ref> *"Kvinnans villkorliga frigivning",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kvinnans villkorliga frigivning |url=https://cdn.atria.nl/epublications/fragen/KVIN-9901003792.pdf |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2020-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031193419/https://cdn.atria.nl/epublications/fragen/KVIN-9901003792.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> translated into English as "Woman's Release on Probation", [[Eva Moberg (writer)|Eva Moberg]] (1961) *''[[The Golden Notebook]]'', [[Doris Lessing]] (1962) *"A Bunny's Tale, Part I", by [[Gloria Steinem]] (1963) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dlib.nyu.edu/undercover/sites/dlib.nyu.edu.undercover/files/documents/uploads/editors/Show-A%20Bunny%27s%20Tale-Part%20One-May%201963.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-05 |archive-date=2014-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218105108/http://dlib.nyu.edu/undercover/sites/dlib.nyu.edu.undercover/files/documents/uploads/editors/Show-A%20Bunny's%20Tale-Part%20One-May%201963.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"A Bunny's Tale, Part II", by [[Gloria Steinem]] (1963) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dlib.nyu.edu/undercover/sites/dlib.nyu.edu.undercover/files/documents/uploads/editors/Show-A%20Bunny%27s%20Tale-Part%20Two-June%201963.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-05 |archive-date=2015-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824191851/http://dlib.nyu.edu/undercover/sites/dlib.nyu.edu.undercover/files/documents/uploads/editors/Show-A%20Bunny's%20Tale-Part%20Two-June%201963.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Equality Between the Sexes: An Immodest Proposal", [[Alice S. Rossi]] (1963) *"On the Publication of the Second Sex", [[Simone de Beauvoir]] (1963)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/de-beauvoir/1963/interview.htm On the publication of The Second Sex]</ref> *''[[The Bell Jar]]'', [[Sylvia Plath]] (1963) * ''[[The Feminine Mystique]]'', [[Betty Friedan]] (1963) *"A Study of the Feminine Mystique", [[Evelyn Reed]] (1964)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/reed-evelyn/1964/friedan-review.htm A Study of the Feminine Mystique by Evelyn Reed 1964<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *[[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]] Position Paper: Women in the Movement (1964)<ref>[http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Manifestos/SNCC_women.html Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Position Paper: Women in the Movement]</ref> *"Jane Crow and the Law: Sex Discrimination and Title VII", [[Mary Eastwood]] and [[Pauli Murray]] (1965) *"Sex and Caste - A Kind of Memo", [[Casey Hayden]] and [[Mary King (political scientist)|Mary King]] (1965)<ref>{{cite web|last=Hayden |first=Casey |url=https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/memo.html |title=A Kind of Memo |publisher=Uic.edu |access-date=2015-05-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430114736/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/memo.html |archive-date=2015-04-30 }}</ref> *''Up Your Ass'', [[Valerie Solanas]] (1965)<ref>[http://www.mediafire.com/file/mquahlkn7wexbrw/solanas+UYA.pdf Up Your Ass by Valerie Solanas]</ref> *''Child'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1966) *"Free Woman" from the ''San Francisco Express Times'', Heather Dean (1966)<ref>[http://www.hippy.com/php/article-127.html Free Woman by Heather Dean (1966) - Hippyland<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808200121/http://www.hippy.com/php/article-127.html |date=2009-08-08 }}</ref> *The [[National Organization for Women]]'s 1966 Statement of Purpose, [[Betty Friedan]] (1966)<ref>[http://www.now.org/history/purpos66.html The National Organization for Women's 1966 Statement of Purpose<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902232426/http://www.now.org/history/purpos66.html |date=September 2, 2011 }}</ref> *"What Concrete Steps Can Be Taken to Further the Homophile Movement", [[Shirley Willer]] (1966)<ref name="Basic Books">{{cite book|last1=Baxandall|first1=Rosalyn|last2=Gordon|first2=Linda|author2-link=Linda Gordon|title=Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&pg=PA88|access-date=29 July 2013|date=26 April 2001|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-01707-2|page=88}}</ref> *"Woman's Place: Silence or Service?", [[Letha Scanzoni]] (1966) (original manuscript, possibly not as published in 1966)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lethadawsonscanzoni.com/womens-place-silence-or-service/ |title=Woman's Place: Silence or Service? |publisher=Lethadawsonscanzoni.com |access-date=2013-12-02}}</ref> *"Women: The Longest Revolution", [[Juliet Mitchell]] (1966)<ref>[http://platypus1917.org/wp-content/uploads/archive/rgroups/2008-chicago/mitchelljuliet_womenlongestrevolution_nlr40.pdf Women: The Longest Revolution Juliet Mitchell 1966<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''De Schaamte Voorbij'', [[Anja Meulenbelt]] (1967), translated into English as ''The Shame is Over'' *''Diary of a Mad Housewife'', [[Sue Kaufman]] (1967) * "Het onbehagen bij de vrouw", [[Joke Smit|Joke Kool-Smits]] (1967),<ref>[http://www.emancipatie.nl/_documenten/js/werk/hetonbehagenbijdevrouw/hetonbehagenbijdevrouw.pdf Het onbehagen bij de vrouw, Joke Kool-Smits]</ref> translated into English as "The Discontent of Women" * "The Radical Women Manifesto: Socialist Feminist Theory, Program and Organizational Structure", by [[Radical Women]] (1967) *"To the Women of the Left" (1967)<ref name="Pettegrew2005">{{cite book|last=Pettegrew|first=John|title=Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDd2aNCoGlYC&pg=PA16|access-date=29 July 2013|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-2236-7|page=16}}</ref> *"Abortion Rally Speech", [[Anne Koedt]] (1968)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notes from the First Year - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/notes/#abortion |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927025426/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/notes/#abortion |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"A Letter to the Editor of ''[[Ramparts Magazine]]''", Lynn Piartney (1968)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notes from the First Year - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/notes/#ramparts |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927025426/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/notes/#ramparts |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Black Women in Poverty", various authors (1968)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/blackwomen.html Black Women in Poverty<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223318/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/blackwomen.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Burial of Weeping Womanhood", Radical Women's Group (1968) <ref name="Basic Books"/> *"Elevate Marriage to Partnership", [[Letha Scanzoni]] (1968) (original manuscript, not as published in 1968) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lethadawsonscanzoni.com/2010/04/christian-marriage-patriarchy-or-partnership-published-as-elevate-marriage-to-partnership/ |title=Christian Marriage: Patriarchy or Partnership? (Published as "Elevate Marriage to Partnership") |publisher=Lethadawsonscanzoni.com |access-date=2013-12-02}}</ref> *"Funeral Oration for the Burial of Traditional Womanhood", [[Kathie Sarachild|Kathie Amatniek]] (1968)<ref>Kathie Amatniek, [http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/Traditional-Womanhood.html "Funeral Oration For The Burial Of Traditional Womanhood"], ''The Feminist eZine''.</ref> *"Letter to the Editor in Response to a ''Guardian'' Article", [[Ellen Willis]] (1968)<ref>[http://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/willisletter.html Ellen Willis's Reply<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Morning Hair'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1968) *[[National Organization for Women]] (N.O.W.) Bill of Rights (1968)<ref>[http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~hst306/documents/nowrights.html N.O.W. Bill of Rights, 1968<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114091603/http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~hst306/documents/nowrights.html |date=2012-11-14 }}</ref> *''No More Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation'' (1968)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fun and Games 1 - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fun-games1/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609045143/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fun-games1/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"No More [[Miss America]]!" (press release for [[Redstockings]]), [[Robin Morgan]] (1968)<ref>{{Cite web |title=No More Miss America!<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=103 |access-date=2026-03-12 |archive-date=2018-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614021133/http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=103 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''Notes From the First Year'', [[New York Radical Women]] (1968)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notes from the First Year - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/notes/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927025426/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/notes/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Psychology Constructs the Female", [[Naomi Weisstein]] (1968)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/psych.html Psychology Constructs the Female<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907070518/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/psych.html |date=2015-09-07 }}</ref> *"Principles", [[New York Radical Women]] (1968) * ''[[SCUM Manifesto]]'', [[Valerie Solanas]] (1968)<ref>[http://www.womynkind.org/scum.htm SCUM Manifesto - Valerie Solanas<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Sexual Politics]]'', [[Kate Millett]] (1968)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/millett.html Sexual Politics by Kate Millett<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511043211/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/millett.html |date=2015-05-11 }}</ref> *''The Church and the Second Sex'', [[Mary Daly]] (1968) *"The [[Jeannette Rankin|Jeanette Rankin]] Brigade: Woman Power? A Summary of Our Involvement", [[Shulamith Firestone]] (1968)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/the-jeanette-rankin-brigade-woman-power.html The Jeanette Rankin Brigade: Woman Power? | Classic Feminist Writings<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072838/http://www.cwluherstory.org/the-jeanette-rankin-brigade-woman-power.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *"The Lesbian's Other Identity", [[Del Martin]] (1968) <ref name="Basic Books"/> *"The Women's Liberation Front" from ''Moderator'', [[Joreen]] (1968)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/feminism/womfront.htm The Women's Liberation Front<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Women's Rights Movement in the US: A New View", [[Shulamith Firestone]] (1968)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/womensrights.html The Women's Rights Movement in the U.S<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220615/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/womensrights.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Towards a Radical Movement", [[Heather Booth]], Evie Goldfield, and Sue Munaker (1968)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/radicalmovement.html Towards A Radical Movement<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221808/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/radicalmovement.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Understanding Orgasm" from ''Ramparts'', [[Susan Lydon]] (1968)<ref>[http://www.hippy.com/php/article-92.html Understanding Orgasm (1968) - Hippyland<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608162318/http://www.hippy.com/php/article-92.html |date=2010-06-08 }}</ref> *''Voice of the Women's Liberation Movement'' [newsletter] (1968–1969)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/voice-of-the-womens-liberation-movement.html Voice of the Women's Liberation Movement | Classic Feminist Writings<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324210555/http://www.cwluherstory.com/voice-of-the-womens-liberation-movement.html |date=2012-03-24 }}</ref> *"What Sort of Man Reads Playboy?" (1968)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fun and Games 1 - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fun-games1/essay.html |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607165347/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fun-games1/essay.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * "Women and Power", [[Gloria Steinem]] (1968)<ref>[https://nymag.com/news/features/50175/?_ga=2.263057228.1586410575.1543862239-314148631.1541612012 Women and Power]</ref> *"After Black Power, Women's Liberation", [[Gloria Steinem]] (1969)<ref>[http://jwa.org/feminism/_html/_pdf/JWA067a.pdf The City Politic]</ref> *"A Historical and Critical Essay for Black Women", Patricia Haden, Donna Middleton, and Patricia Robinson (1969–1970) *"A Marriage Agreement", [[Alix Kates Shulman]] (1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Marriage Agreement |url=https://cdn.jwa.org/sites/default/files/mediaobjects/a_marriage_agreement_alix_kates_shulman_0.jpg |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2021-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508101339/https://cdn.jwa.org/sites/default/files/mediaobjects/a_marriage_agreement_alix_kates_shulman_0.jpg |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Are Men Really the Enemy?", Jayne West (1969)<ref name="Basic Books"/> *"An Argument for Black Women's Liberation As a Revolutionary Force", [[Mary Ann Weathers]] (1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Argument For Black Women's Liberation As a Revolutionary Force - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fun-games2/argument.html |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607165130/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fun-games2/argument.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"An 'Oppressed Majority' Demands Its Rights" from ''Life'', [[Sara Davidson]] (1969)<ref>[http://www.maryellenmark.com/text/magazines/life/905W-000-004.html LIFE MAGAZINE - AN 'OPPRESSED MAJORITY' DEMANDS ITS RIGHTS - 905W-000-004<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female]]'', [[Frances Beal]] (1969)<ref>[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/196.html Frances M. Beal, Black Women's Manifesto; Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Equal Rights for Women", [[Shirley Chisholm]] (1969)<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/t/hist/equal-rights-for-women/ Equal Rights For Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Females and Welfare", [[Betsy Warrior]] (1969)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/females-and-welfare.html Females and Welfare | Classic Feminist Writings<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123100034/http://www.cwluherstory.com/females-and-welfare.html |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref> *"Founding Editorial" from ''Women: A Journal of Liberation'' (1969)<ref>{{cite book|last=Pettegrew|first=John|title=Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDd2aNCoGlYC&pg=PA30|access-date=29 July 2013|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-2236-7|page=30}}</ref> *"Freedom for Movement Girls - Now", [[Sheldon Vanauken|vanauken]] (1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom for Movement Girls Now - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/vanauken/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609050432/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/vanauken/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''[[I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings]]'', [[Maya Angelou]] (1969) *"Lesbianism and Feminism", [[Wilda Chase]] (1969) * ''[[Les Guérillères]]'', [[Monique Wittig]] (1969) *"Politics of the Ego: A Manifesto", [[New York Radical Feminists]] (1969)<ref>{{cite book|last=Pettegrew|first=John|title=Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDd2aNCoGlYC&pg=PA23|access-date=29 July 2013|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-2236-7|page=23}}</ref> *Proposed Statement of Political Principles (1969)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/preamble.html Proposed Statement of Political Priniciples<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214220/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/preamble.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Radical Feminism and Love", [[Ti-Grace Atkinson]] (1969) *"[[Redstockings]] Manifesto" (1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Redstockings Manifesto<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=76&Itemid=103 |access-date=2026-03-12 |archive-date=2018-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052432/http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=76&Itemid=103 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Sweet 16 to Saggy 36: Saga of American Womanhood", Cleveland Radical Women's Group (1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweet 16 - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/sweet16/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609045341/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/sweet16/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"The First Press Coverage of the [[Redstockings]]" from ''Scenes'' (1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Redstockings of the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53&Itemid=77 |access-date=2026-03-12 |archive-date=2018-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052420/http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53&Itemid=77 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"The Grand Coolie Damn", [[Marge Piercy]] (1969)<ref>Marge Piercy, [http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/The-Grand-Coolie-Damn.html "The Grand Coolie Damn"], ''The Feminist eZine'', 1969.</ref> *"The Last of the Red Hot Mammas, Or, the Liberation of Women as Performed by the Inmates of the World" (1969)<ref>[https://www.cwluherstory.org/conscious/the-last-of-the-red-hot-mammas-or-the-liberation-of-women-as-performed-by-the-inmates-of-the-world The Last Of The Red Hot Mammas, Or, The Liberation Of Women As Performed By The Inmates Of The World | Consciousness<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072835/http://www.cwluherstory.org/the-last-of-the-red-hot-mammas-or-the-liberation-of-women-as-performed-by-the-inmates-of-the-world.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> * "The Next Great Moment in History Is Theirs", [[Vivian Gornick]] (1969) * "The Political Economy of Women's Liberation", [[Margaret Benston]] (1969) *"Towards a Revolutionary Women's Union: A Strategic Perspective"', Terry R. and Lucy G. (1969)<ref name=autogenerated4>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/revwomen.html TOWARDS A REVOLUTIONARY WOMEN'S UNION: A Strategic Perspective<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214514/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/revwomen.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"What is the Revolutionary Potential of Women's Liberation?", Kathy McAfee and Myrna Wood (1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolutionary Potential - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/mcafee/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609045826/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/mcafee/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Who Is the Enemy?", [[Roxanne Dunbar]] (1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is the Enemy? - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fun-games2/enemy.html |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607165116/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fun-games2/enemy.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *Who We Are: Descriptions of Women's Liberation Groups (1969)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/natconference.html National Women's Liberation Conference<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916043623/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/natconference.html |date=2014-09-16 }}</ref> *"Women and the Myth of Consumerism", [[Ellen Willis]] (1969)<ref>[http://fair-use.org/ellen-willis/women-and-the-myth-of-consumerism Women and the Myth of Consumerism (1969). By Ellen Willis in RAMPARTS (1969) // Fair Use Repository<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ===Àwọn ti ọdún 1970 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *"A Monologue by [[Naomi Weisstein]]" (1970s)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/monolog.html A Monolog<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225315/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/monolog.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"A Proposal for Community Work", [[Vivian Rothstein]] and Mary M. (1970s)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/commwork.html A Proposal for Community Work<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052019/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/commwork.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *''Liberation of Women: Sexual Repression and the Family'', Laurel Limpus (1970s)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/limpus/liberation.htm Laurel Limpus-Liberation of Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *Lyrics to songs by the [[Chicago and New Haven Women's Liberation Rock Bands]] (1970s)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/song-lyrics.html Song Lyrics | Rock Band<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072841/http://www.cwluherstory.org/song-lyrics.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *"About Us", San Diego Women's Collective (1970)<ref>{{cite book|last=Pettegrew|first=John|title=Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDd2aNCoGlYC&pg=PA42|access-date=29 July 2013|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-2236-7|page=42}}</ref> *"Benjo Kara no Kaiho", in English "Liberation from the Toilet", [[Mitsu Tanaka]] (1970) *"Black Woman's Manifesto", [[Third World Women's Alliance]] (1970)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Women's Manifesto - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/blkmanif/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926011806/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/blkmanif/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''Black Women's Liberation'', Maxine Williams and Pamela Newman (1970)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Women's Liberation - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/blacklib/#why |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609044005/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/blacklib/#why |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''Chains or Change'', by the [[Irish Women's Liberation Movement]] (1970) *"Erosu Kaihō Sengen", in English "Liberation from Eros," [[Mitsu Tanaka]] (1970) *"For the Equal Rights Amendment", [[Shirley Chisholm]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/shirleychisholmequalrights.htm American Rhetoric: Shirley Chisholm - For the Equal Rights Amendment (Aug 10, 1970)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Goodbye to All That" from ''Rat'', [[Robin Morgan]] (1970)<ref>[http://blog.fair-use.org/2007/09/29/goodbye-to-all-that-by-robin-morgan-1970/ Fair Use Blog » Blog Archive » "Goodbye to All That"], by [[Robin Morgan]] (1970)<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> *''[[Heresies: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics]]'' (1977-1992) *''I Am What I Am'', Lorna Cherot (1970)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Baxandall|first1=Rosalyn|last2=Gordon|first2=Linda|title=Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&pg=PA112|access-date=29 July 2013|date=26 April 2001|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-01707-2|page=112}}</ref> *"If That's All There Is", [[Del Martin]] (1970)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_tMFSkHzr8C&amp;pg=PA352&amp;dq=%22if+that%27s+all+there+is%22+del+martin&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=rwBXTMXaD8L38AbCyLzhCA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=book-thumbnail&amp;resnum=3&amp;ved=0CDIQ6wEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=%22if%20that%27s%20all%20there%20is%22%20del%20martin&amp;f=false We Are Everywhere: A Historical Sourcebook in Gay and Lesbian Politics - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Institutional Discrimination", [[Joreen]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/womensociety/institidiscrim.htm Institutional Discrimination<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Is Man an 'Aggressive Ape?'", [[Evelyn Reed]] (1970)<ref>Evelyn Reed, [http://www.marxists.org/archive/reed-evelyn/1970/aggressive-ape.htm "Is Man an 'Aggressive Ape'?"], ''International Socialist Review'', November 1970, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 27–31, 40–42.</ref> *"Judge Carswell And The 'Sex Plus' Doctrine", [[Betty Friedan]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/betty_friedan_plus.html Betty Friedan: Judge Carswell And The "Sex Plus" Doctrine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Notes From The Second Year: Women's Liberation'', [[New York Radical Women]] (1970) <ref>[http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/wlmpc_wlmms01039/ Notes from the Second Year: Women's Liberation (wlmms01039) - Women's Liberation Movement Print Culture - Duke Libraries<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[off our backs]]'' (1970–present) *"Poor White Women", [[Roxanne Dunbar]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/poorwhite.html Poor White Women<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221006/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/poorwhite.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> * ''[[Sexual Politics]]'', [[Kate Millett]] (1970) * ''[[Sisterhood Is Powerful|Sisterhood Is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Women's Liberation Movement]]'', edited by [[Robin Morgan]] (1970) *"Take a Good Look at Our Problems", Pamela Newman (1970)<ref>[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/255.html Pamela Newman, Take a Good Look at Our Problems<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The BITCH Manifesto", [[Jo Freeman]] (1970)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/bitch/|title=The Bitch Manifesto - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement|publisher=Duke University Libraries|access-date=2015-07-07|archive-date=2011-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719185933/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/bitch/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> *"The Building of the Gilded Cage" from ''The Second Wave: A Magazine of the New Feminism'', [[Joreen]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/womensociety/guildcage.htm The Building of the Gilded Cage<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[The Dialectic of Sex|The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution]]'', [[Shulamith Firestone]] (1970) * ''[[The Female Eunuch]]'', [[Germaine Greer]] (1970) *''The Liberation of Black Women'', [[Pauli Murray]] (1970)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFKRZ9uqA6cC&amp;pg=PA186&amp;dq=%22liberation+of+black+women%22&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=AiD6Tpb6N6Xg0QGT0Ym7Bg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=book-thumbnail&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Words of fire: an anthology of African-American feminist thought - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"[[The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm]]", [[Anne Koedt]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vaginalmyth.html The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm by Anne Koedt<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106211856/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vaginalmyth.html |date=January 6, 2013 }}</ref> *"The Politics of Housework", [[Patricia Mainardi|Pat Mainardi]] of [[Redstockings]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/The-Politics-of-Housework.html "The Politics of Housework"], ''The Feminist eZine''.</ref> *"The Revolution is Happening in Our Minds" from ''Revolution II: Thinking Female'', [[Joreen]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/feminism/happening.htm The Revolution is Happening in Our Minds<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Role of Government Agencies in Gaining Equal Rights for Women", DARE (1970)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/the-role-of-government-agencies-in-gaining-equal-rights-for-women.html The Role of Government Agencies in Gaining Equal Rights for Women | Work<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072845/http://www.cwluherstory.org/the-role-of-government-agencies-in-gaining-equal-rights-for-women.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *"The Unfreedom of Jewish Women", [[Trude Weiss-Rosmarin]] (1970) *"[[The Woman-Identified Woman|The Woman Identified Woman]]", [[Radicalesbians]] (1970)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman-Identified Woman - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/womid/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709041431/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/womid/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Towards A Revolutionary Women's Union: A Strategic Perspective", Terry R. and Lucy G. (1970)<ref name=autogenerated4 /> *"You Are Not My God, Jehovah!", Rev. Peggy Way (1970)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&amp;pg=PA103&amp;dq=%22rev+peggy+way%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches from the Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "Young Lords Party Position Paper on Women", Central Committee of the [[Young Lords]] Party (1970)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170506201050/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdf Full text of ''The Young Lords: A Reader'' (2010) edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer, including "Young Lords Party Position Paper on Women", 1970]</ref> *''What Is a Woman?'', Norma Allen (1970)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&amp;pg=PA84&amp;dq=%22what+is+a+woman%22+%22norma+allen%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches from the Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"What Is Women's Liberation?", [[Marilyn Salzman Webb]], from WIN (1970)<ref>[http://www.hippy.com/php/article-128.html What is Women's Liberation? (1970) - Hippyland<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224055434/http://www.hippy.com/php/article-128.html |date=2009-12-24 }}</ref> *"What It Would Be Like If Women Win", [[Gloria Steinem]] (1970)<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,876786-1,00.html What It Would Be Like If Women Win (1970) - Time magazine]</ref> *"What Men Can Do For Women's Liberation", Gainesville Women's Liberation (1970)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&amp;pg=PA76&amp;dq=%22what+me n+can+do+for+women%27s+liberation%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches from the Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Who We Are", ''Siren: A Journal of Anarcho-Feminism'' (1970)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=EDd2aNCoGlYC&amp;pg=PA38&amp;dq=%22a+journal+of+anarcho+feminism%22+%22who+we+are%22 Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Why 'Sex Liberation' - Raising the Problem of Women's Liberation", [[Mitsu Tanaka]] (1970) *"Why Women's Liberation is Important to Black Women", Maxine Williams (1970)<ref>[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/254.html Maxine Williams, Black Women's Liberation<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Woman and Her Mind: The Story of Daily Life", [[Meredith Tax]] (1970)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman and Her Mind: The Story of Daily Life {{!}} Meredith Tax<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=https://www.meredithtax.org/singlewriting.php?id=39 |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2021-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508101339/https://www.meredithtax.org/singlewriting.php?id=39 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Women: Caste, Class, or Oppressed Sex", [[Evelyn Reed]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/reed-evelyn/1970/caste-class-sex.htm Women: Caste, Class or Oppressed Sex by Evelyn Reed 1970<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Women on the Social Science Faculties since 1892 (at the University of Chicago)", [[Joreen]] (1970)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/academicwomen/uc1892.htm Women On The Social Science Faculties Since 1892<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"'Women's Liberation' Aims to Free Men Too" from the ''Washington Post'', [[Gloria Steinem]] (1970)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's Liberation' Aims to Free Men Too - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/aims/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609050546/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/aims/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Women's Lib Organizations", Karen Durbin, from WIN (1970)<ref>[http://www.hippy.com/php/article-329.html Women's Lib Organizations (1970) - Hippyland<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224055647/http://www.hippy.com/php/article-329.html |date=2009-12-24 }}</ref> *"Women's Lib: The War on 'Sexism'", Helen Dudar (1970)<ref>[https://www.newsweek.com/women-revolt-newsweek-cover-and-lawsuit-collide-514891 Women’s Lib: The War on ‘Sexism’, Helen Dudar (1970)]</ref> *"Women's Oppression: Cortejas", Connie Morales, Education Ministry, [[Young Lords]] (1970)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170506201050/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdf Full text of ''The Young Lords: A Reader''] (2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer, including "Women's Oppression: Cortejas", 1970.</ref> *"Abortions", Gloria Colon, Ministry of Education, Central Headquarters [[Young Lords Party]] (1971)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170506201050/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdf Full text of ''The Young Lords: A Reader''] (2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer, including "Abortions", 1971.</ref> *"A Daughter and Mother Talk About Sexuality", Elaine and her mother from ''Womankind'' (1971–1972)<ref>[https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/motherdaughter.html A Mother and Daughter Talk about Sexuality<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214924/https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/motherdaughter.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"A Defense of Abortion" from ''Philosophy &amp; Public Affairs'', Vol. 1, no. 1, [[Judith Jarvis Thomson]] (Fall 1971)<ref>[http://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/Phil160,Fall02/thomson.htm Judith Jarvis Thomson: A Defense of Abortion<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"After the Death of God the Father" from ''Commonweal'', [[Mary Daly]] (1971)<ref>{{Cite web |title=After the Death of God the Father - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/after/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609050350/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/after/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Analysis of Chicago Women's Liberation School", [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]] (1971)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2uMwEGfAMSQC&amp;pg=PA82&amp;lpg=PA82&amp;dq=%22analysis+of+chicago+women%27s+liberation+school%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=kRHJ7bnDlW&amp;sig=dBlYnu59n44jXSPe5P_1SGe108I&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=z49kSs6HGI_kNYnVoPgB&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1 Dear Sisters: Dispatches from the Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"And Jill Came Tumbling After" from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/jill.html And Jill Came Tumbling After<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220055/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/jill.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"An End to Separate and Unequal", [[Trude Weiss-Rosmarin]] (1971)<ref name=autogenerated5>[http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=10701 An End to Separate and Unequal], on [[Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner]]</ref> *"A Statement About Female Liberation" (1971)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=EDd2aNCoGlYC&amp;pg=PA42&amp;dq=%22a+statement+about+female+liberation%22 Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Bogeymen and Bogeywomen", Judy from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/bogey.html Bogeymen and Bogeywomen<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233710/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/bogey.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Can Women Love Women?" (interview by [[Anne Koedt]], 1971)<ref>[http://images.nymag.com/images/2/promotional/11/11/week1/mrs-womenb.pdf Can Women Love Women?]</ref> *"Desexing the Language", [[Casey Miller]] and [[Kate Swift]] (1971) *"Down With Sexist Upbringing!", [[Letty Cottin Pogrebin]] (1971)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6eICAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&client=firefox-a&pg=PA110#v=onepage&q&f=false New York Magazine - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Equal Only When Obligated", Deborah Miller (1971)<ref name=autogenerated5 /> *"Feminism and 'The Female Eunuch'", [[Evelyn Reed]] (1971)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/reed-evelyn/1971/female-eunuch.htm Feminism and 'The Female Eunuch' by Evelyn Reed 1971<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Feminism: Old Wave and New Wave", Ellen DuBois (1971)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/feminism-old-wave-and-new-wave.html Feminism Old Wave and New Wave | Classic Feminist Writings<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123100342/http://www.cwluherstory.com/feminism-old-wave-and-new-wave.html |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref> *"Free Abortion is Every Woman's Right: Statement of the [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]]" (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/abortionrights.html Free Abortion is Every Woman's Right<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235848/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/abortionrights.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Going Through Changes", Joan from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/going-through-changes.html Going Through Changes | Text Memoirs<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123105909/http://www.cwluherstory.com/going-through-changes.html |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref> *"High School Women Ask: What is Women's Liberation?" from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/high-school-women-ask-what-is-womens-liberation.html High School Women Ask: What is Women's Liberation? | Consciousness<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123105350/http://www.cwluherstory.com/high-school-women-ask-what-is-womens-liberation.html |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref> *"How to Start your Own Consciousness-Raising Group" (leaflet distributed by the [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]], 1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/crcwlu.html Consciousness Raising<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053958/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/crcwlu.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"Is Biology Woman's Destiny?", [[Evelyn Reed]] (1971)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/reed-evelyn/1971/biology-destiny.htm Is Biology Woman's Destiny? by Evelyn Reed 1971<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Manifeste des 343 Salopes", [[Simone de Beauvoir]], from ''Le Nouvel Observateur'' (1971),<ref>[http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualites/20071127.OBS7018/?xtmc=343&amp;xtcr=1 Le "Manifeste des 343 salopes" paru dans le Nouvel Obs en 1971 - Le Nouvel Observateur<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> translated into English as the "[[Manifesto of the 343|Manifesto of the 343 Sluts]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://manifesto343.wordpress.com/ |title=manifesto343 |date=1971-04-05 |access-date=2016-06-11 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611012314/https://manifesto343.wordpress.com/ |archive-date=2016-06-11 }}</ref> *"Lemme Tell Ya About Being a Woman Lawyer...", Susan from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/lemme-tell-ya-about-being-a-woman-lawyer.html Lemme tell ya about being a woman lawyer... | Work<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123101529/http://www.cwluherstory.com/lemme-tell-ya-about-being-a-woman-lawyer.html |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref> *"Lesbianism and Feminism", [[Anne Koedt]] (1971) *"Masters of War" from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/warmasters.html Masters of War<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312031408/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/warmasters.html |date=2012-03-12 }}</ref> *"Mr. Smith, Take A Memo: I've Got Some Things to Tell You" from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/smith.html Mr. Smith, Take a Memo<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215043/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/smith.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' (1971–present) *"[[New York Radical Feminists]] Manifesto of Shared Rape" (1971)<ref>[http://www.americancivilrightsreview.com/docs-nyradicalfeministsrapemanifesto1971.htm Site5 - Web Hosting for Web Designers<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055246/http://www.americancivilrightsreview.com/docs-nyradicalfeministsrapemanifesto1971.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"No Lady" from ''Black Maria'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/nolady.html No Lady<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053910/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/nolady.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *Notes for the (future [[Furies Collective]]) Cell Meeting (1971) *''Notes From The Third Year: Women's Liberation'', [[New York Radical Women]] (1971) <ref>[http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/wlmpc_wlmms01038/ Notes from the Third Year: Women's Liberation (wlmms01038) - Women's Liberation Movement Print Culture - Duke Libraries<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Notes on a Writer's Workshop" from ''Black Maria'', Donna I. (1971)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/notes-on-a-writers-workshop.html notes on a writers workshop | Consciousness<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072849/http://www.cwluherstory.org/notes-on-a-writers-workshop.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *"Politicalesbians and the Women's Liberation Movement", Anonymous Realesbians (1971)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&amp;pg=PA109&amp;dq=%22politicalesbians+and+the+women%27s+liberation+movement%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "Position on Women's Liberation", Central Committee, [[Young Lords Party]] (1971)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170506201050/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdf Full text of ''The Young Lords: A Reader'' (2010) edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer, including "Position on Women’s Liberation", 1971]</ref> *"Rape: An Act of Terror", Barbara Mehrhof and Pamela Kearon (1971)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=EDd2aNCoGlYC&amp;pg=PA153&amp;dq=%22rape+an+act+of+terror%22 Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Rape Means Never Having to Say You're Sorry", Kay Potter (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/saysorry.html Rape Means Never Having to Say You're Sorry<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201131142/https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/saysorry.html |date=2015-02-01 }}</ref> * "Sexism", Gloria González, Field Marshal, [[Young Lords Party]] (1971)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170506201050/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdf Full text of ''The Young Lords: A Reader''] (2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer, including "Sexism", 1971.</ref> *"Statement by Elma Barrera" (1971)<ref>[http://clnet.ucla.edu/research/docs/chicanas/vidal.htm Statement By Elma Barrera] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040826235258/http://clnet.ucla.edu/research/docs/chicanas/vidal.htm |date=2004-08-26 }}</ref> * ''[[The First Sex]]'', [[Elizabeth Gould Davis]] (1971) *"The Housewife's Moment of Truth", Jane O'Reilly (1971)<ref>[https://nymag.com/news/features/46167/ 'Ms.' Magazine Preview: The Housewife's Moment of Truth - New York Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Jew Who Wasn't There: Halacha and the Jewish Woman", [[Rachel Adler]] (1971)<ref>[http://jwa.org/sites/jwa.org/files/mediaobjects/the_jew_who_wasnt_there_adler.jpg The Jew Who Wasn't There: Halacha and the Jewish Woman]</ref> *"The Lesbian Newsletter", [[Daughters of Bilitis]] (1971) *"The Politics of Sterilization", [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]] (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/sterilpol.html The Politics of Sterilization<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212715/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/sterilpol.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"The Social Construction of the Second Sex" from ''Roles Women Play: Readings Towards Women's Liberation'', [[Joreen]] (1971)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/womensociety/socconstruct.htm The Social Construction of the Second Sex<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Vagina on Trial", [[Kathleen Barry]] (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vaginatrial.html The Vagina on Trial<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052851/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vaginatrial.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"United Women's Contingent: March On Washington Against the War" (1971)<ref>{{Cite web |title=March on Washington - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/united/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918061404/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/united/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Using Your Maiden Name", Diane and Linda from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/name.html Using Your Maiden Name<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214507/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/name.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" from ''ArtNews'', [[Linda Nochlin]] (1971)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nochlin: Why No Great Women Artists?<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.miracosta.edu/home/gfloren/nochlin.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2018-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811134915/http://www.miracosta.edu/home/gfloren/nochlin.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Why Women's Liberation?" from ''Black Maria'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/whyliberation.html What is Women's Liberation?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024224106/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/whyliberation.html |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> *"Woman as Patient", Laura Green and Womankind (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/womanpatient.html Woman as Patient<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051216/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/womanpatient.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> * ''Woman's Estate'', [[Juliet Mitchell]] (1971) *"Women: New Voice of La Raza", Mirta Vidal (1971) *"Women's Liberation: A Catholic View", Marilyn Bowers (1971) *"Women's Liberation and Its Impact on the Campus" from ''Liberal Education'', [[Joreen]] (1971)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/academicwomen/womencampus.htm Womens' Liberation and its Impact on the Campus<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *Women's March on D.C., Anne and Heidi (1971)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's March - Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/wom/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609044331/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/wom/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Working Women Get Together", Dagmar and Laura from ''Womankind'' (1971)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/gettogether.html Working Women Get Together<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220903/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/gettogether.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Workshop Resolutions of the First National Chicana Conference" (1971)<ref>[http://clnet.ucla.edu/research/docs/chicanas/chicana.htm First National Chicana Conference<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904220425/http://clnet.ucla.edu/research/docs/chicanas/chicana.htm |date=2006-09-04 }}</ref> *"A Call for the Castration of Sexist Religion", [[Mary Daly]] (1972) *"Action Committee on Decent Childcare", from ''Women: A Journal of Liberation'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/ACDC.html ACDC<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213718/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/ACDC.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"A History of International Women's Day" from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/interwomen.html A History of International Women's Day<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828054017/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/interwomen.html |date=2015-08-28 }}</ref> *"Chicago Maternity Center: 77 Years of Home Deliveries...Will This Be Its Last?", Alice from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/materncenter.html The Chicago Maternity Center<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231732/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/materncenter.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"[[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]]" from ''Women: A Journal of Liberation'', [[Naomi Weisstein]] and [[Vivian Rothstein]] (1972)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/chicago-womens-liberation-union.html Chicago Women's Liberation Union | Organizing<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123100320/http://www.cwluherstory.com/chicago-womens-liberation-union.html |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref> *"Cleaning Up", Mary Blake from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/cleaning-up.html Cleaning Up | Text Memoirs<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123104900/http://www.cwluherstory.com/cleaning-up.html |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref> *"Covert Sex Discrimination Against Women as Medical Patients", [[Carol Downer]] (1972)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/covert-sex-discrimination-against-women-as-medical-patients.html Covert Sex Discrimination Against Women as Medical Patients | Classic Feminist Writings<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212048/http://www.cwluherstory.org/covert-sex-discrimination-against-women-as-medical-patients.html |date=2015-09-23 }}</ref> *"DARE Challenges City Hall Budget" (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/darerelease1.html DARE Challenges the City Hall Budget-1972<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214531/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/darerelease1.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Don't Think", from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/clerical.html Don't Think<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000946/https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/clerical.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women [in the Navy]", [[Admiral Zumwalt]] (1972)<ref>[http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq93-116.htm Admiral Zumwalt: Z- Gram#116<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219021530/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq93-116.htm |date=2014-12-19 }}</ref> *"Family Relations Court", Alice from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/familycourt.html Family Relations Court<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053433/https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/familycourt.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *''[[Feminist Studies]]'' (1972–present) *"Half of China" from ''Womankind'', Elaine (1972)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/half-of-china.html Half of China | Internationalism<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072852/http://www.cwluherstory.org/half-of-china.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *"Indochina Peace Campaign" from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/janefonda.html The Indochina Peace Campaign<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002123/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/janefonda.html |date=2015-01-09 }}</ref> * ''Inochi no Onna-tachie: Torimidashi uman ribu ron'', in English ''For My Spiritual Sisters: A Disorderly Theory of Women's Liberation'', [[Mitsu Tanaka]] (1972) *"I Want a Wife" from ''Ms.'', Judy Syfers (1972)<ref>[http://www.csee.umbc.edu/~mariedj/browse/serious/wives I Want a Wife, Judy Syfers, in The First Ms. Reader]</ref> *"I Want to Pick Your Brains", Ruth Carol (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/ruthcarol.html Ruth Carol<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215430/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/ruthcarol.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Jewish Women Call For a Change", Ezrat Nashim (1972)<ref name="Bloomberg2004">{{cite book|author=Jon Bloomberg|title=The Jewish World in the Modern Age|url=https://archive.org/details/jewishworldinm00jonb|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc.|isbn=978-0-88125-844-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jewishworldinm00jonb/page/116 116]–}}</ref> *"Lesbian Mothers and Their Children" from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/lesbianmom.html Lesbian Mothers and Their Children<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054232/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/lesbianmom.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"Lesbians in Revolt: Male Supremacy Quakes and Quivers", [[Charlotte Bunch]] (1972)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lesbians in Revolt - Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/furies/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608170650/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/furies/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''[[Lesbian/Woman]]'', [[Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon]] (1972) *''Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen'', [[Alix Kates Shulman]] (1972) *"[[National Organization for Women|NOW]] Press Release on City Hall Gender Discrimination" (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/nowrelease.html NOW Press Release on Gender Discrimination-1972<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224957/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/nowrelease.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"On Being a Waitress", Carolyn (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/waitress.html On Being a Waitress<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214527/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/waitress.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"One Small Step for Genkind", [[Casey Miller]] and [[Kate Swift]] (1972) *"Our Output = Their Income" from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/output.html Our Output = Their Income<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119044547/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/output.html |date=2011-11-19 }}</ref> *"Rape" from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/rape.html Rape<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000243/https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/rape.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"Sex or, Hey, I Thought This Was Supposed to be Fun!" from ''Womankind'', Cathy (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/supposefun.html Sex or Hey I Thought This Was Supposed to be Fun!<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000804/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/supposefun.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"Socialist Feminism", [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]] (1972)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&amp;pg=PA96&amp;dq=%22socialist+feminism%22+%22dear+sisters%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Soldiers in the Streets" from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.com/soldiers-in-the-streets.html Soldiers in the Streets | Internationalism<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123101320/http://www.cwluherstory.com/soldiers-in-the-streets.html |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref> *''[[Surfacing (novel)|Surfacing]]'', [[Margaret Atwood]] (1972) *"That Old Problem - Sex" from ''Womankind'', Lorna (1972)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/that-old-problem-sex.html That Old Problem-Sex | Sexuality<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073006/http://www.cwluherstory.org/that-old-problem-sex.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *''The Coming of Lilith'', [[Judith Plaskow]] (1972)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jwa.org/teach/golearn/sep07/GoLearnSep07-excerpt.pdf |title=Judith Plaskow, "The Coming of Lilith," 1972 |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119064143/http://jwa.org/teach/golearn/sep07/GoLearnSep07-excerpt.pdf |archive-date=2011-11-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"The DARE Janitress Campaign" from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/janitress.html The DARE Janitress Campaign<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220229/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/janitress.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> * "The Emancipation of Man", [[Olof Palme]] (1972)<ref>[https://www.dorudi.nl/olof-palme-on-the-emancipation-of-man/ The Emancipation of Man, by Olof Palme]</ref> *"The Fear of Childbirth is a PAIN", from ''Womankind'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/fearchildbirth.html The Fear of Childbirth is a PAIN<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051547/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/fearchildbirth.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *''[[The Feminist Art Journal]]'' (1972-1977) *"The Feminization of Society", [[Yoko Ono]] (1972)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/23/archives/the-feminization-of-society.html?_r=0</ref> *"The Lesbian and God-the-Father, or, All the Church Needs Is a Good Lay . . . On Its Side", [[Sally Miller Gearhart]] (1972)<ref name="Daley2012">{{cite book|author=James Daley|title=Great Speeches on Gay Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpPvO-Jtb1UC&pg=PA57|date=6 March 2012|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-11566-5|pages=57–}}</ref> *"[[The Tyranny of Structurelessness]]", [[Joreen]] (1972) *"Tum'ah and Toharah: Ends and Beginnings", [[Rachel Adler]] (1972) *"Viet Nam: The Voice of Song Will Rise Above the Sound of the Bombs" from ''Womankind'', Eileen Kreutz (1972)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vietnamtrip.html Viet Nam: The Voice of Song Will Rise Above the Sound of the Bombs<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054043/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vietnamtrip.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"WATCH Demands", WATCH (1972)<ref>[https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/watchdemands.html WATCH- Women Act To Control Healthcare<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214050/https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/watchdemands.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"WATCH: Save the Chicago Maternity Center" (1972)<ref>[https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/watch.html WATCH- Women Act To Control Healthcare<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419031501/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/watch.html |date=2012-04-19 }}</ref> *"We Have Had Abortions", published in ''Ms.'' (1972)<ref>[http://images.nymag.com/images/2/promotional/11/11/week1/mrs-abortionsb.pdf We Have Had Abortions]</ref> * "Welfare is a Women's Issue", by [[Johnnie Tillmon]], published in ''Ms.'' (1972)<ref>[https://www.rapereliefshelter.bc.ca/learn/resources/welfare-womens-issue-johnnie-tillmon Welfare is a Women's Issue]"</ref> *"We Look At Ms.", Sue (1972)<ref>[https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/msmag.html We Look at Ms. by Sue<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001415/https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/msmag.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision", [[Adrienne Rich]] (1972)<ref>[http://www.westga.edu/~aellison/Other/Rich.pdf When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision]</ref> *''Women and Madness'', [[Phyllis Chesler]] (1972) * "Women in a Socialist Society", Women's Union, [[Young Lords Party]] (1972)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170506201050/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdf Full text of ''The Young Lords: A Reader''] (2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer, including "Women in a Socialist Society", 1972.</ref> *''Women of La Raza Unite!'' (1972)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&amp;pg=PA77&amp;dq=%22women+of+la+raza+unite%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Women's Studies Quarterly]]'' (1972–present) *"Abortion Task Force: Who We Are" from ''Womankind'' (1973)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/atf.html Abortion Task Force: Who We Are<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213659/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/atf.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *''Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women's Liberation'', [[Mary Daly]] (1973) *''[[Fear of Flying (novel)|Fear of Flying]]'', [[Erica Jong]] (1973) *''[[Lesbian Nation|Lesbian Nation: The Feminist Solution]]'', [[Jill Johnston]] (1973) *"Letter from the Abortion Defense Fund" (1973)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/defenseletter.html Abortion Defense Fund Letter- February 8, 1973<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001513/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/defenseletter.html |date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> *"Me and Them Sirens Running All Night Long", Susan Cavin (1973)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Me and Them Sirens Running All Night Long|last=Cavin|first=Susan|publisher=Brooklyn: The Print Center|year=1973|location=Brooklyn, NY}}</ref> *"Mom on a Hook" from ''Womankind'' (1973)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/hook.html Mom on a Hook<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119042110/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/hook.html |date=2011-11-19 }}</ref> *"On Separatism", Lee Schwing (1973)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&amp;pg=PA111&amp;dq=%22on+separatism%22+%221973%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[Our Bodies, Ourselves]]'', The [[Boston Women's Health Book Collective]] (1973) *"Posters that Express the Reality of Being a Woman", Linda Winer (1973)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUGallery/tribgraph.html Graphics Collective Newspaper Article<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212223/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUGallery/tribgraph.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"[[Rape (poem)|Rape]]", [[Adrienne Rich]] (1973)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://marinagraphy.com/rape-power-adrienne-rich/ |title=Rape, Power, and Adrienne Rich {{!}} Empowering Girls and Women<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517123844/http://marinagraphy.com/rape-power-adrienne-rich/ |archive-date=2015-05-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"So Who Needs Daycare?" from ''Womankind'', Mary M. (1973)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/whoneeds.html So Who Needs Daycare?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215728/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/whoneeds.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> * ''The Furies'', [[The Furies Collective]] (January 1972 until mid-1973) *"The Jane Song", Elizabeth Roberts (1973)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/Janesong.html The Jane Song<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222215/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/Janesong.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"The [[National Black Feminist Organization]]'s Statement of Purpose" (1973)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The National Black Feminist Organization’s Statement of Purpose, 1973<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~ppennock/doc-BlackFeminist.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2018-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528221144/http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~ppennock/doc-BlackFeminist.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"The Status of Women in Halakhic Judaism", [[Saul Berman]] (1973)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lookstein.org/articles/status_of_women.htm |title=The Status Of Women<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-date=2015-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709000926/http://www.lookstein.org/articles/status_of_women.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"The Verbal Karate of [[Florynce Kennedy|Florynce R. Kennedy]], Esq.", [[Gloria Steinem]] (1973)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.msmagazine.com/summer2011/verbalkarate.asp |title=Ms. Magazine {{!}} The Verbal Karate of Florynce R. Kennedy, Esq<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513075629/http://www.msmagazine.com/summer2011/verbalkarate.asp |archive-date=2015-05-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"The Women Men Don't See", James Tiptree, Jr. (pen name of [[Alice Bradley Sheldon]]) (1973)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080119040143/http://www.scifi.com/scifiction/classics/classics_archive/tiptree2/tiptree21.html THE WOMEN MEN DON'T SEE-PAGE 1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Vacuum Aspiration Abortion", Health Organizing Collective of Women's Health and Abortion Project (1973)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vacuum Aspiration Abortion - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/abortion/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607152254/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/abortion/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"[[When I Was Growing Up]]", [[Nellie Wong]] (1973) *''Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers'', [[Barbara Ehrenreich]] and [[Deirdre English]] (1973)<ref>[http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/witches.html Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006191529/http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/witches.html |date=2013-10-06 }}</ref> *"Abortion--the Need to Change Jewish Law", [[Rachel Adler]] (1974)<ref>[http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=8788 Abortion-the Need to Change Jewish Law | Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"A Young Woman's Death: Would Health Rights Have Prevented It?", Helen Rodriquez-Trias (1974)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/womansdeath.html A Young Woman's Death<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000454/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/womansdeath.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"Feminism, a Cause for the Halachic", [[Rachel Adler]] (1974)<ref>[http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=9395 Feminism, a Cause for the Halachic | Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Feminism, Art, and My Mother Sylvia", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1974)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/OurBloodI.html Feminism, Art, and My Mother Sylvia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"In Search of Our Mother's Gardens: The Creativity of Black Women in the South", from ''Ms.'', [[Alice Walker]] (1974)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.msmagazine.com/spring2002/walker.asp |title=Ms. Magazine {{!}} From the Archives<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519062204/http://www.msmagazine.com/spring2002/walker.asp |archive-date=2015-05-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture?", [[Sherry Ortner]] (1974) *"Marxism, Mariategui and the Women's Movement", Catalina Adrianzen (1974)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/adrianzen/1974.htm Women and Marxism: Marxists Internet Archive<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Mother Right: A New Feminist Theory", [[Jane Alpert]] (1974)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mother Right - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/mother/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2008-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219175710/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/mother/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''Speculum of the Other Woman'', [[Luce Irigaray]] (1974) *"What Educated Women Can Do", [[Indira Gandhi]] (1974)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/indira_gandhi_educated.html Indira Gandhi: What Educated Women Can Do<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Woman Hating: A Radical Look at Sexuality]]'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1974) *"A Black Feminist's Search For Sisterhood", [[Michele Wallace]] (1975)<ref>{{citation | last = Wallace | first = Michele | author-link = Michele Wallace | contribution = A Black feminist's search for sisterhood | editor-last1 = Hull | editor-first1 = Gloria T. | editor-last2 = Scott | editor-first2 = Patricia Bell | editor-last3 = Smith | editor-first3 = Barbara | title = All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies | publisher = Feminist Press | location = Old Westbury, N.Y | year = 1982 | isbn = 9780912670959 | postscript = .| title-link = All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave }}</ref> *''Abortion is a Blessing'', [[Anne Nicol Gaylor]] (1975)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ffrf.org/legacy/books/AIAB/?t=main&app=#contents |title=Abortion Is A Blessing |publisher=Ffrf.org |access-date=2015-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101308/http://ffrf.org/legacy/books/AIAB/?t=main&app=#contents |archive-date=2015-05-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''[[Against Our Will]]'', [[Susan Brownmiller]] (1975) *"DAR II (Dykes for the Second American Revolution)" (1975)<ref>{{Cite web |title=DAR II - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/darii/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609044929/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/darii/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Feminist Economic Alliance Formed to Aid New Sister Credit Unions" (1975)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feminist Economic Alliance - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/alliance/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609044420/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/alliance/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''[[Hecate (journal)|Hecate]]'' (1975–present) *"How to Discriminate Against Women Without Really Trying" from ''Women: A Feminist Perspective'', [[Joreen]] (1975)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/academicwomen/howdiscrim.htm How to Discriminate Against Women Without Really Trying<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Judaism and the New Woman'', [[Sally Priesand]] (1975) *"Lesbian Group [1975 Conference Report]" (1975)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/lesbiangroup.html Lesbian Group 1975 Report<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231634/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/lesbiangroup.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Lesbian Pride", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1975)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/OurBloodII.html Lesbian Pride<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Reaching Beyond Intellect'', Hallie Iglehart and Jeanne Scott-Senior (1975)<ref name=autogenerated7>{{cite book|last1=Baxandall|first1=Rosalyn|last2=Gordon|first2=Linda|title=Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&pg=PA105|access-date=1 August 2013|date=26 April 2001|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-01707-2|pages=105–106}}</ref> *''[[Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society]]'' (1975–present) *"Stand Up and Be Counted", Secret Storm (1975)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/counted.html Stand Up and be Counted<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215024/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/counted.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> * ''The Female Imagination'', Patricia Meyer Spacks (1975) * ''[[The Female Man]]'', [[Joanna Russ]] (1975) *"The Legal Bias Against Rape Victims (The Rape of Mr. Smith)," Connie K. Borkenhagen (1975)<ref>[http://www.crisiscentersyr.org/mr_smith.html crisiscentersyr.org<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019174636/http://www.crisiscentersyr.org/mr_smith.html |date=2009-10-19 }}</ref> *"The Root Cause", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1975)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/OurBloodIII.html The Root Cause (1 of 2)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "The Traffic in Women: Notes on the "Political Economy" of Sex," [[Gayle Rubin]] (1975)<ref>https://genderstudiesgroupdu.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/the-rraffic-in-women.pdf</ref> * "Toward a Phenomenology of Feminist Consciousness," [[Sandra Bartky]] (1975)<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bartky | first = Sandra Lee | author-link = Sandra Bartky | title = Toward a phenomenology of feminist consciousness | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_social-theory-and-practice_fall-1975_3_4/page/425 | journal = [[Social Theory and Practice]] | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 425–439 | publisher = [[Florida State University|Florida State University Department of Philosophy]] via JSTOR | date = Fall 1975 | jstor = 23557163 | doi = 10.5840/soctheorpract1975349 }}</ref> * "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," [[Laura Mulvey]] (1975)<ref>[https://wiki.brown.edu/confluence/display/MarkTribe/Visual+Pleasure+and+Narrative+Cinema Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema]</ref> * ''Wages Against Housework'', [[Silvia Federici]] (1975)<ref>[https://monoskop.org/images/2/23/Federici_Silvia_Wages_Against_Housework_1975.pdf]</ref> *"What is Women's Liberation?", Secret Storm (1975)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/whatis.html What is Women's Liberation?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000146/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/whatis.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"What Medical Students Learn", Kay Weiss (1975)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-lpVCg__2gC&amp;pg=PA118&amp;dq=%22what+medical+students+learn%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Woman's Evolution|Woman's Evolution: From Matriarchal Clan to Patriarchal Family]]'', [[Evelyn Reed]] (1975) *"You Are Where You Eat", Laura Shapiro (1975)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2uMwEGfAMSQC&amp;pg=PA79&amp;dq=%22you+are+where+you+eat%22 Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement - Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"A Feminist Tarot", [[Sally Miller Gearhart]] and Susan Rennie (1976) * ''[[Al-Raida]]'' (1976–present) * ''Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman'', [[Michele Wallace]] (1976) *''Blazing Star'' Vol. 2 No. 1 (July 1976)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080517000422/http://www.cwluherstory.org/images/stories/PDF%20Documents/Blazing%20Star001a.pdf ''Blazing Star'' Vol. 2 No. 1]</ref> *''Blazing Star'' Vol. 2 No. 3 (October 1976)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212100/http://www.cwluherstory.org/images/stories/PDF%20Documents/Blazing%20Star002.pdf ''Blazing Star'' Vol. 2 No. 3]</ref> *''[[Camera Obscura (journal)|Camera Obscura]]'' (1976–present) *"Female God Language in a Jewish Context", [[Rita Gross]] (1976) *"Feminism: Is it Good for the Jews?", [[Blu Greenberg]] (1976) *"Is the Women's Movement in Trouble?" from Working Papers on Socialism & Feminism, Roberta Lynch (1976)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/premature.html Is the Women's Movement in Trouble?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054703/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/premature.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> * ''[[Kinflicks]]'', [[Lisa Alther]] (1976) *"Learning From Lesbian Separatism", [[Charlotte Bunch]] (1976) * ''Literary Women'', Ellen Moers (1976) * ''[[Lover (novel)|Lover]]'', [[Bertha Harris]] (1976) * ''Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution'', [[Adrienne Rich]] (1976) *"Medical Crimes Against Women", Jenny Knauss, Janet M., Kathy Mallin, Lauren Crawford and Sharon M. (1976)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/medcrimes.html Medical Crimes Against Women<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418191901/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/medcrimes.html |date=2012-04-18 }}</ref> *''[[Meridian (novel)|Meridian]]'', [[Alice Walker]] (1976) *''Our blood: prophecies and discourses on sexual politics'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1976) *"The Laugh of the Medusa", [[Hélène Cixous]] (1976)<ref>[https://artandobjecthood.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/cixous_the_laugh_of_the_medusa.pdf The Laugh of the Medusa, by Hélène Cixous, translated into English]</ref> * ''The Mermaid and the Minotaur: Sexual Arrangement and Human Malaise'', [[Dorothy Dinnerstein]] (1976) *"What Became of God the Mother? Conflicting Images of God in Early Christianity", [[Elaine H. Pagels]] (1976)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.womenpriests.org/body/pagels.asp |title=What Became of God the Mother?<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704065520/http://www.womenpriests.org/body/pagels.asp |archive-date=2015-07-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"What is Socialist Feminism?", [[Barbara Ehrenreich]] (1976)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/ehrenreich-barbara/socialist-feminism.htm Barbara Ehrenreich. What is Socialist Feminism? 1976<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[When God Was a Woman]]'', [[Merlin Stone]] (1976) *''[[Woman on the Edge of Time]]'', [[Marge Piercy]] (1976) *''Women, Money and Power'', [[Phyllis Chesler]] with Emily Jane Goodman (1976) *"Women's Liberation Builds Strong Bodies in Many Ways", Secret Storm (ca. 1976)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/strongbodies.html Women's Liberation Builds Strong Bodies in Many Ways<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222102/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/strongbodies.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"Women Talk Back", Secret Storm (ca. 1976)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/sports.html Secret Storm<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213132/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/sports.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *''Words and Women: A New Language in New Times'' by [[Casey Miller]], [[Kate Swift]] (1976) *"A Black Feminist Statement", [[Combahee River Collective]] (1977)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/Black-Feminist-Statement.html |title=A Black Feminist Statement |magazine= The Feminist eZine |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326010648/http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/Black-Feminist-Statement.html |archive-date=2016-03-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Biological Superiority: The World's Most Dangerous and Deadly Idea", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIIID.html Biological Superiority: The World's Most Dangerous and Deadly Idea<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Claiming an Education", [[Adrienne Rich]] (1977) *"Declaration of American Women", The President's Interagency Council on Women National Plan of Action (1977)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/2010/declare.htm |title=Declaration of American Women<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214143336/http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/2010/declare.htm |archive-date=2012-02-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"How Can a Little Girl Like You Teach a Big Class of Men?", [[Naomi Weisstein]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/naomiscientist.html Naomi Weisstein<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509162820/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/naomiscientist.html |date=2015-05-09 }}</ref> *"Left-Wing Anti-Feminism: A Revisionist Disorder", [[Marlene Dixon]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/dixon-marlene/anti-feminism.htm Marlene Dixon. The Rise and Demise of Women's Liberation: A Class Analysis. 1977<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Marx and Gandhi were Liberals: Feminism and the 'Radical' Left", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1977) *"Monopoly Capitalism and the Women's Movement", [[Marlene Dixon]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/dixon-marlene/monopoly-capitalism.htm Marlene Dixon. The Rise and Demise of Women's Liberation: A Class Analysis. 1977<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"On the Super-Exploitation of Women", [[Marlene Dixon]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/dixon-marlene/super-exploitation.htm Marlene Dixon. The Rise and Demise of Women's Liberation: A Class Analysis. 1977<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Pornography: The New Terrorism" [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIVA.html Pornography: The New Terrorism]</ref> *''Sex Bias in the U.S. Code'', [[United States Commission on Civil Rights]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/usccr/documents/cr12se9.pdf Sex Bias in the U.S. Code] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052012/http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/usccr/documents/cr12se9.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"The Last Mile", Edith Grinnell (1977)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/photos/Houstonremember.html The Last Mile (1977)<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130080044/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/photos/Houstonremember.html |date=2016-01-30 }}</ref> *"The Prostitute: Paradigmatic Woman", Julia P. Stanley (1977)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Prostitute: Paradigmatic Woman - Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/prostitute/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2011-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926090158/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/prostitute/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"The Rise and Demise of Women's Liberation: A Class Analysis", [[Marlene Dixon]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/dixon.html The Rise and Demise of Women's Liberation<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318021540/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/dixon.html |date=2015-03-18 }}</ref> *"The Simple Story of a Lesbian Girlhood", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/NewBrokenHeart.html the simple story of a lesbian girlhood<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Sisterhood Rip-Off: The Destruction of the Left in the Professional Women's Caucuses", [[Marlene Dixon]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/dixon-marlene/sisterhood.htm Marlene Dixon. The Rise and Demise of Women's Liberation: A Class Analysis. 1977<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Subjugation of Women Under Capitalism: The Bourgeois Morality, [[Marlene Dixon]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/dixon-marlene/morality.htm Marlene Dixon. The Rise and Demise of Women's Liberation: A Class Analysis. 1977<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Women's Room]]'', [[Marilyn French]] (1977) *''This Sex Which Is Not One'', [[Luce Irigaray]] (1977) *"Wages for Housework and Strategies of Revolutionary Fantasy", [[Marlene Dixon]] (1977)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/dixon-marlene/housework.htm Marlene Dixon. The Rise and Demise of Women's Liberation: A Class Analysis. 1977<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Who really starves?: Women and world hunger'', Lisa Leghorn and Mary Roodkowsky (1977) *''[[Women's Studies in Communication]]'' (1977–present) *"A Feminist Looks at Saudi Arabia", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1978)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIIIA.html A Feminist Looks at Saudi Arabia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Art Hysterical Notions of Progress and Culture", [[Valerie Jaudon]] and [[Joyce Kozloff]] (1978)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151251/http://www.deadrevolutionariesclub.co.za/node/59 Art Hysterical Notions of Progress and Culture]</ref> *''[[Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism]]'', collection of essays anthologized by [[Zillah R. Eisenstein]] (1978) *"Consciousness-Raising: A Radical Weapon", [[Kathie Sarachild]] (1978)<ref>[http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fem/sarachild.html Consciousness-Raising - Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718193344/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fem/sarachild.html |date=2011-07-18 }}</ref> *''[[Crystal Eastman]] on Women and Revolution'', edited by [[Blanche Wiesen Cook]] (1978) *"Fat is A Feminist Issue", [[Susie Orbach]] (1978) *"Full Employment: Toward Economic Equality For Women", [[Joreen]] (1978)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/fullemploy.htm Full Employment: Toward Economic Equality For Women<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025704/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/fullemploy.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *''Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism'', [[Mary Daly]] (1978) *"On the [[National Black Feminist Organization]]", [[Michele Wallace]] (1978)<ref>[http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fem/wallace.html National Black Feminist - Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607165800/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/fem/wallace.html |date=2011-06-07 }}</ref> *"The New Woman's Broken Heart", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1978)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/NewBrokenHeart2.html the new womans broken heart<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Sadeian Woman and the Ideology of Pornography]]'', [[Angela Carter]] (1978) *"The Wander-ground", [[Sally Miller Gearhart]] (1978) *"Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power", [[Audre Lorde]] (1978) *"Why So-called Radical Men Love and Need Pornography", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1978) *"Why Women Need the Goddess", [[Carol P. Christ]] (1978)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Women Need the Goddess - by Carol P. Christ<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.goddessariadne.org/whywomenneedthegoddess.htm |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701102046/http://www.goddessariadne.org/whywomenneedthegoddess.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *''[[X: A Fabulous Child's Story]]'', [[Lois Gould]] (1978)<ref>[http://www.gendercentre.org.au/22article4.htm Polare 22: X: A Fabulous Child's Story | The Gender Centre Inc<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518171229/http://gendercentre.org.au/22article4.htm |date=2013-05-18 }}</ref> *"Classical and Baroque Sex in Everyday Life", [[Ellen Willis]] (1979)<ref>[http://iacb.blogspot.com/2006/12/ellen-willis-classical-and-baroque-sex.html Iamcuriousblue: Ellen Willis "Classical and Baroque Sex in Everyday Life"<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Let's Put Pornography Back in the Closet" from ''Newsday'', [[Susan Brownmiller]] (1979)<ref>[http://www.susanbrownmiller.com/susanbrownmiller/html/antiporno.html AntiPorno<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[On Lies, Secrets and Silence]]'', [[Adrienne Rich]] (1979) *''[[Opera: The Undoing of Women]]'', [[Catherine Clément]] (1979) *''Sexual harassment of working women: a case of sex discrimination'', [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1979) * ''[[The Bloody Chamber]]'', [[Angela Carter]] (1979) *"The Double Standard of Aging", [[Susan Sontag]] (1979) *"The Lie", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1979)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIa.html The Lie<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[The Madwoman in the Attic]]'', [[Sandra Gilbert]] and [[Susan Gubar]] (1979) *"The Night and Danger", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1979)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIb.html The Night and Danger<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Transsexual Empire]]'', [[Janice Raymond]] (1979) *"35% of Puerto Rican Women Sterilized", Committee for Puerto Rican Decolonization (late 1970s)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/puertorico.html 35% of Puerto Rican Women Sterilized<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430130413/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/puertorico.html |date=April 30, 2015 }}</ref> * "The Tyranny of Tyranny", Cathy Levine (1979)<ref>[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/cathy-levine-the-tyranny-of-tyranny The Tyranny of Tyranny, by Cathy Levine]</ref> * ''Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her'', [[Susan Griffin]] (1979) *''Womanspirit Rising: A Feminist Reader in Religion'' edited by [[Carol P. Christ]] and [[Judith Plaskow]] (1979) * ''Women and Household Labor'', Sarah Fenstermaker Berk, ed. (1979) ===Àwọn ti ọdún 1980 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní === *"A Woman Writer and Pornography", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1980)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIIB.html A Woman Writer and Pornography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"[[Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence]]", [[Adrienne Rich]] (1980)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.terry.uga.edu/~dawndba/4500compulsoryhet.htm |title=Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence |publisher=Onlywomen Press |via=University of Georgia Terry College of Business |author=Adrienne Rich |date=1980 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218003008/http://www.terry.uga.edu/~dawndba/4500compulsoryhet.htm |archive-date=2012-12-18 |url-status=dead |access-date=2015-05-15 |author-link=Adrienne Rich }}</ref> *''[[Man Made Language]]'', [[Dale Spender]] (1980) *''[[The Sceptical Feminist]]: A Philosophical Enquiry'', [[Janet Radcliffe Richards]] (1980) *''The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing'', [[Casey Miller]] and [[Kate Swift]] (1980) *''The New Woman's Broken Heart: Short Stories'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1980) *"True Liberation of Women", [[Indira Gandhi]] (1980)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/indira_gandhi_liberation.html Indira Gandhi: True Liberation of Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"What Would a Non-Sexist City Look Like? Speculations on Housing, Urban Design, and Human Work", [[Dolores Hayden]]<ref>{{Cite web |title="What Would a Non-Sexist City Look Like? Speculations on Housing, Urban Design, and Human Work" |url=http://nextgenhousing.wikispaces.com/file/view/Hayden+-+Non-Sexist+City.pdf |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125932/https://nextgenhousing.wikispaces.com/file/view/Hayden+-+Non-Sexist+City.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Women and Urban Policy", [[Joreen]] (1980)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/urbanpol.htm Women and Urban Policy<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085716/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/urbanpol.htm |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> * ''[[Ain't I a Woman? (book)|Ain't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism]]'', [[bell hooks]] (1981) *"Nature's Revenge", [[Ellen Willis]] (1981)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/12/books/nature-s-revenge.html NATURE'S REVENGE - NYTimes.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Pornography and Male Supremacy", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1981)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIVH.html Letter From A War Zone, Part IV<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Pornography: Men Possessing Women]]'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1981) *"Pornography's Part in Sexual Violence", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1981)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIVC.html Pornography's Part in Sexual Violence]</ref> *"The ACLU: Bait and Switch", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1981)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIVD.html The ACLU: Bait and Switch]</ref> *''[[This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color]]'', [[Cherrie Moraga]] and [[Gloria Anzaldúa]] (1981) *"Toward A Feminist Jurisprudence", [[Ann C. Scales]] (1981) *"Why Pornography Matters to Feminists", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1981)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIVB.html Why Pornography Matters to Feminists]</ref> * ''[[Against Sadomasochism: A Radical Feminist Analysis]]'' (1982) edited by Robin Ruth Linden, [[Darlene Pagano|Darlene R. Pagano]], [[Diana E. H. Russell]], and [[Susan Leigh Star]] *''[[All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave|All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies]]'', edited by [[Akasha Gloria Hull]], [[Patricia Bell-Scott]], and [[Barbara Smith]] (1982) *''[[Feministische Studien]]'' (meaning ''Feminist Studies'') (1982–present) *''[[Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy]]'' (1982–present) *''[[In a Different Voice|In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development]]'', [[Carol Gilligan]] (1982) *''Invisible Women: The Schooling Scandal'', [[Dale Spender]] (1982) *''[[Powers of Horror]]'', [[Julia Kristeva]] (1982) *''The Anatomy of Freedom'', [[Robin Morgan]] (1982) *''[[The Color Purple]]'', [[Alice Walker]] (1982) *"The Importance of Women's Paid Labour: Women at Work in World War II", Lynn Beaton (1982)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/beaton/world-war-two.htm The importance of women's paid labour. Women at work in World War II by Lynn Beaton<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Zami: A New Spelling of My Name]]'', [[Audre Lorde]] (1982) *''Feminist theorists: Three centuries of key women thinkers'', [[Dale Spender]], ed. (1983) *''[[For Love or Money, a Pictorial History of Women and Work in Australia (1983)|For Love or Money, a Pictorial History of Women and Work in Australia]]'', Megan McMurchy, Margot Oliver & [[Jeni Thornley]] (1983) *''[[Home Girls]]'', various authors (1983) * ''[[How to Suppress Women's Writing]]'', [[Joanna Russ]] (1983) *''[[In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose]]'', a collection of works by [[Alice Walker]] (1983) *"I've Had Nothing Yet, So I Can't Take More", [[Rachel Adler]] (1983) * ''Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions'', [[Gloria Steinem]] (1983) * ''[[Andrea Dworkin#Right-Wing Women|Right Wing Women: The Politics of Domesticated Females]]'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1983) * ''Sexism and God-Talk: Toward a Feminist Theology'', [[Rosemary Radford Ruether]] (1983) * ''[[The Politics of Reality|The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory]]'', [[Marilyn Frye]] (1983) * ''There's Always Been a Women's Movement in the Twentieth Century'', [[Dale Spender]] (1983) * "Whose Press? Whose Freedom?", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1983)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIIC.html Whose Press? Whose Freedom?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * "Comparable Worth" from ''In These Times'', [[Joreen]] (1984)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/compworth.htm Comparable Worth: Parts I-III<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055203/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/compworth.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> * "Female Rabbis, Male Fears", Chaim Sedler-Feller (1984) * ''In Search of Answers: Indian Women's Voices'' ([[Madhu Kishwar]] with [[Ruth Vanita]], Zed Books, 1984). {{ISBN|0862321786}}. * ''[[Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center]]'', [[bell hooks]] (1984) * "I Want a Twenty-Four-Hour Truce During Which There is No Rape", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1984)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIIIE.html I Want a Twenty-Four-Hour Truce During Which There Is No Rape<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''Pure Lust: Elemental Feminist Philosophy'', [[Mary Daly]] (1984) * ''Sisterhood is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology'', edited by [[Robin Morgan]] (1984) * ''[[Sister Outsider]]'', [[Audre Lorde]] (1984) *''[[The Man of Reason|The Man of Reason: 'Male' and 'Female' in Western Philosophy]]'', [[Genevieve Lloyd]] (1984) *"The Missing Rib: The Forgotten Place of Queens and Priestesses in the Establishment of Zion", [[Margaret Toscano]] (1984)<ref>[http://www.bhporter.com/Porter%20PDF%20Files/The%20Missing%20Rib.pdf The Missing Rib: The Forgotten Place of Queens and Priestesses in the Establishment of Zion]</ref> *"Against the Male Flood: Censorship, Pornography and Equality", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1985) *"A Person Paper on Purity in Language", William Satire (pen name of [[Douglas Richard Hofstadter]]) (1985)<ref>[http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs655/readings/purity.html Douglas Hofstadter - Person Paper on Purity in Language<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[Australian Feminist Studies]]'' (1985–present) * ''Beyond Power: On Women, Men, and Morals'', [[Marilyn French]] (1985) * "Breaking With Invisibility", Cady (1985)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/breaking-with-invisibility.html Breaking With Invisibility | Text Memoirs<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518070645/http://www.cwluherstory.org/breaking-with-invisibility.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> * ''For the Record: The Making and Meaning of Feminist Knowledge'', [[Dale Spender]] (1985) * "Loving Books: Male/Female/Feminist" from ''Hot Wire'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1985)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIIE.html Loving Books: Male/Female/Feminist<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans and Perverts: Feminist Essays'', [[Joanna Russ]] (1985)<ref>[http://feminist-reprise.org/docs/RUSS_MMTSPP/RUSS_MMPP.pdf ''Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans and Perverts: Feminist Essays'']</ref> * "Shifting Horizons", Lynn Beaton (1985)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/beaton/shifting-horizons/index.htm Shifting Horizons by Lynn Beaton<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''[[The Handmaid's Tale]]'', [[Margaret Atwood]] (1985) * ''The Reasons Why: Essays on the New Civil Rights Law Recognizing Pornography as Sex Discrimination'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] and [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1985) * ''Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Select Prose (1979-1985)'', [[Adrienne Rich]] (1986) *''[[Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World]]'', [[Kumari Jayawardena]] (1986) * ''Feminist Studies, Critical Studies'', [[Teresa de Lauretis]] (1986) *"Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis", [[Joan Wallach Scott]] (1986)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073506/http://www.westga.edu/~history/FacultyUpdated/EMacKinnon/Spring%202011%20Syllabi%20and%20Materials/Gender.pdf]</ref> *''Ice and Fire'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1986) *"If Men Could Menstruate" from ''Ms.'', [[Gloria Steinem]] (1986)<ref>{{Cite web |title=If Men Could Menstuate by Gloria Steinem<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/steinem.menstruate.html |access-date=2021-05-08 |archive-date=2015-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305212920/http://www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/steinem.menstruate.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"Letter from a War Zone", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1986)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIVG1.html Letters From A War Zone: The New Terrorism<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Mothers on Trial: The Battle for Children and Custody'', [[Phyllis Chesler]] (1986) *''[[Agenda (feminist journal)|Agenda]]'' (1987–present) * ''[[Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza]]'', [[Gloria Anzaldúa]] (1987) * ''Feminism unmodified: discourses on life and law'', [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1987) * ''[[Intercourse (book)|Intercourse]]'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1987) *''[[Landscape for a Good Woman]]'', Carolyn Kay Steedman (1987) *''Making it: A Woman's Guide to Sex in the Age of AIDS'', [[Cindy Patton]] and Janis Kelly (1987).<ref>Patton, Cindy, and Janis Kelly. ''Making it: A Woman's Guide to Sex in the Age of AIDS''. No. 2. Firebrand Books, 1987.</ref> *''[[Reconstructing Womanhood]]'', [[Hazel Carby]] (1987) *"Voyage in the Dark: Hers and Ours", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1987)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIIF.html Voyage in the Dark: Hers and Ours<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Websters' First New Intergalactic Wickedary of the English Language, Conjured in Cahoots with Jane Caputi'', [[Mary Daly]], Jane Caputi, and Sudie Rakusin (1987) *"Who You Know Versus Who You Represent: Feminist Influence in the Democratic and Republican Parties", [[Joreen]] (1987)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/feminfluence.htm Who You Know Versus Who You Represent<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212719/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/feminfluence.htm |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> * ''Feminism and Anthropology'', [[Henrietta Moore]] (1988) *Feminist Activities at the 1988 Republican Convention, [[Joreen]] (1988)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/repub88.htm Feminist Activities at the 1988 Republican Convention<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212824/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/repub88.htm |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *''[[Feminist Formations]]'' (1988–present) *''Feminist Literary History'', [[Janet Todd]] (1988) *"Handle With Care: We Need a Child-Rearing Movement", [[Ellen Willis]] (1988) *''[[If Women Counted|If Women Counted: A New Feminist Economics]]'', [[Marilyn Waring]] (1988) * ''Lesbian Ethics: Toward New Value'', [[Sarah Lucia Hoagland]] (1988) *''Pornography and Civil Rights: A New Day for Women's Equality'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] and [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1988)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/other/ordinance/newday/TOC.htm New Day<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Social Revolution and the Equal Rights Amendment", [[Joreen]] (1988)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/feminism/socrevera.htm Social Revolution and the Equal Rights Amendment<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Heidi Chronicles]]'', [[Wendy Wasserstein]] (1988) *"Women at the 1988 Democratic Convention", [[Joreen]] (1988)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/dem88.htm Women at the 1988 Democratic Convention<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025652/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/dem88.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> * ''[[The Women's History of the World]]'', Rosalind Miles (1989) * ''[[A Vindication of The Rights of Whores]]'', Gail Pheterson, ed. (1989) * ''[[Bananas, Beaches and Bases|Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics]]'', [[Cynthia Enloe]] (1989) * ''[[Dancing at the Edge of the World]]'', a collection of essays by [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] (1989) * ''[[Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies]]'' (1989–present) * ''[[Gender Trouble|Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (Thinking Gender)]]'', [[Judith Butler]] (1989) * ''Letters from a war zone: writings, 1976-1989'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1989) * ''Makaan'', Paigham Afaqui (1989) *"Men, Women and Biblical Equality", [[Christians for Biblical Equality]] (1989)<ref>[http://www.cbeinternational.org/files/u1/smwbe/english.pdf Men, Women and Biblical Equality] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703005905/http://www.cbeinternational.org/files/u1/smwbe/english.pdf |date=2014-07-03 }}</ref> *"More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing", [[Amartya Sen]] (1989)<ref>Amartya Sen, [http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/gender/Sen100M.html "More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing"], ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', Volume 37, Number 20, 1990-12-20. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504072819/http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/gender/Sen100M.html |date=2013-05-04 }}</ref> * "Presenting...Sister No Blues", [[Hattie Gossett]] (1989) * "Sexuality, pornography, and method: 'Pleasure under Patriarchy'", [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1989) *''The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home'', [[Arlie Russell Hochschild]] and Anne Machung (1989) * ''[[The Temple of My Familiar]]'', [[Alice Walker]] (1989) * ''The Writing or the Sex?, Or, Why You Don't Have to Read Women's Writing to Know It's No Good'', [[Dale Spender]] (1989) * ''[[Toward a Feminist Theory of the State]]'', [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1989) * "What Battery Really Is", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1989)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneAfterword.html What Battery Really Is]</ref> * ''Weaving the Visions: New Patterns in Feminist Spirituality'', edited by [[Carol P. Christ]] and [[Judith Plaskow]] (1989) ===Àwọn ti ọdún 1990 àti jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ === *''Dominant constructions of women and nature in social science literature,'' Brinda Rao (1991)<ref>Rao, Brinda. ''Dominant constructions of women and nature in social science literature''. Center for Ecological Socialism, 1991.</ref> *"What is [[Riot Grrrl]]?" (early 1990s)<ref>[http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_zpz-mDmU54I/TFckRp4BcPI/AAAAAAAAAUc/WOsyWb2Ouek/s1600/what+is+riot+grrrl.jpg What is Riot Grrrl?]</ref> *''[[Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment]]'', [[Patricia Hill Collins]] (1990) *"Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967-1975", [[Alice Echols]] (1990) *"God Is a Woman and She Is Growing Older", [[Margaret Wenig]] (1990) *''[[Journal of Women, Politics & Policy]]'' (1990–present) *''Mercy'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1990) *''The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory'', [[Carol J. Adams]] (1990) *"Who Says We Haven't Made a Revolution? A Feminist Takes Stock", [[Vivian Gornick]] (1990)<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE7D91639F936A25757C0A966958260&amp;sec=&amp;spon=&amp;pagewanted=1 "Who Says We Haven't Made a Revolution?; A Feminist Takes Stock"], ''The New York Times''.<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> *"Will There Be Orthodox Women Rabbis?", [[Blu Greenberg]] (1990) *"A Brief History of the Association for Women in Mathematics: The Presidents' Perspectives", [[Lenore Blum]] (1991)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.awm-math.org/articles/notices/199107/blum/ |title=A Brief History of the Association for Women in Mathematics: The Presidents' Perspectives |access-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531010722/http://www.awm-math.org/articles/notices/199107/blum/ |archive-date=2015-05-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century", [[Donna Haraway]] (1991) *''[[Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women]]'', [[Susan Faludi]] (1991) *''[[Dirty Weekend (novel)|Dirty Weekend]]'', [[Helen Zahavi]] (1991) *''[[Feminism & Psychology]]'' (1991–present) *"How 'Sex' Got Into Title VII: Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy", [[Joreen]] (1991)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/titlevii.htm How "Sex" Got Into Title VII: Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503074302/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/titlevii.htm |date=2015-05-03 }}</ref> *"Justice Is A Woman With A Sword", [[D. A. Clarke]] (1991)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/Porn/Justice.html "Justice Is A Woman With A Sword"<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Riot Grrrl Manifesto" from Bikini Kill Zine 2, [[Kathleen Hanna]] (1991)<ref>[http://www.feastofhateandfear.com/archives/hanna.html Kathleen Hanna<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217170217/http://feastofhateandfear.com/archives/hanna.html |date=February 17, 2015 }}</ref> *''Sexual/Textual Politics'', [[Toril Moi]] (1991) *''Standing Again at Sinai: Judaism from a Feminist Perspective'', [[Judith Plaskow]] (1991) *"Terror, Torture, and Resistance", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1991)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/TerrorTortureandResistance.html Terror, Torture, and Resistance<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Beauty Myth]]'', [[Naomi Wolf]] (1991) *"The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles", [[Emily Martin (anthropologist)|Emily Martin]] (1991)<ref>[http://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/Martin1991.pdf The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles; Emily Martin, Signs<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"We Learned the Wrong Lessons in Vietnam; A Feminist Issue Still", [[Kate Millett]], [[Robin Morgan]], [[Gloria Steinem]], and [[Ti-Grace Atkinson]] (1991)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/20/opinion/l-we-learned-the-wrong-lessons-in-vietnam-a-feminist-issue-still-839991.html "We Learned the Wrong Lessons in Vietnam; A Feminist Issue Still"], ''The New York Times'', January 20, 1991.<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> *"With No Immediate Cause", [[Ntozake Shange]] (1991)<ref>[http://iambecauseweare.wordpress.com/2006/09/09/with-no-immediate-cause-byntozake-shange/ With No Immediate Cause – by:Ntozake Shange | UBUNTU!<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Writing War: Fiction, Gender & Memory]]'', [[Lynne Hanley]] (1991) *"Becoming the Third Wave", [[Rebecca Walker]] (1992)<ref>[http://heathengrrl.blogspot.com/2007/02/becoming-third-wave-by-rebecca-walker.html HeathenGrrl's Blog: Becoming the Third Wave by Rebecca Walker<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Daughters of Africa|Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Words and Writings by Women of African Descent]]'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]] (1992) *''[[Jabo na keno? jabo|Jabo na kena? Jabo]]'', [[Taslima Nasrin]] (1992) *''[[Naree]]'', [[Humayun Azad]] (1992) *''[[Nirbachito Column]]'', [[Taslima Nasrin]] (1992) *''Outercourse: The Bedazzling Voyage, Containing Recollections from My Logbook of a Radical Feminist Philosopher'', [[Mary Daly]] (1992) *''[[Possessing the Secret of Joy]]'', [[Alice Walker]] (1992) *"Power, Resistance and Science", [[Naomi Weisstein]] (1992)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/power-resistance-and-science.html Power, Resistance and Science | Consciousness<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073013/http://www.cwluherstory.org/power-resistance-and-science.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *"Prostitution and Male Supremacy", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1992)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/MichLawJourI.html Prostitution and Male Supremacy (1 of 2)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''Race, Class and Gender in the U.S.'', Paula Rothenberg (1992) *"[[Replacements (short story)|Replacements]]", [[Lisa Tuttle]] (1992) * ''Revolution From Within: A Book of Self-Esteem'', [[Gloria Steinem]] (1992) *"Talking Our Way In", [[Rachel Adler]] (1992)<ref>[http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=9075 Talking Our Way in | Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * ''The Mismeasure of Woman: Why Women Are Not the Better Sex, the Opposite Sex, or the Inferior Sex'', [[Carol Tavris]] (1992) *''[[The Straight Mind and Other Essays]]'', [[Monique Wittig]] (1992) *''The War Against Women'', [[Marilyn French]] (1992) *"Women and Authority: Re-emerging Mormon Feminism", [[Maxine Hanks]] (ed.) (1992) *''Women of ideas and what men have done to them: From [[Aphra Behn]] to [[Adrienne Rich]]'', [[Dale Spender]] (1992) *''[[Women Who Run With the Wolves|Women Who Run With the Wolves : Myths and Stories of the Wild Woman Archetype]]'', [[Clarissa Pinkola Estes]] (1992) *"Are Opinions Male?", [[Naomi Wolf]] (1993)<ref>[http://www.holysmoke.org/sdhok/fem03.htm Are opinions male?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110134706/http://www.holysmoke.org/sdhok/fem03.htm |date=2016-01-10 }}</ref> *"A Soldier Is A Soldier", [[Rosemary Bryant Mariner]] (1993) *''Ecofeminism and the Sacred'', [[Carol J. Adams]] (1993) *"Ecofeminism: Toward Global Justice and Planetary Health", [[Greta Gaard]] and [[Lori Gruen]] (1993) *"Feminism Versus Family Values: Women at the 1992 Democratic and Republican Conventions", [[Joreen]] (1993)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/1992conven.htm Women at the 1992 Democratic and Republican Conventions<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085718/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/1992conven.htm |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *''Fire With Fire: The New Female Power And How It Will Change the 21st Century'', [[Naomi Wolf]] (1993) *"In Your Blood, Live: Re-visions of a Theology of Purity", [[Rachel Adler]] (1993)<ref>[https://archive.today/20130415233531/http://www.tikkun.org/article.php/jan1993_adler/print Tikkun Magazine: In your blood, live: re-visions of a theology of purity<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Not Just Bad Sex", [[Katha Pollitt]] (1993)<ref>[http://faculty.uml.edu/sgallagher/notbadsex.htm Not Just Bad Sex<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[Only Words (book)|Only Words]]'', [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1993) *''The Feminist Chronicles'' (1993), [[Toni Carabillo]], June Csida, [[Judith Meuli]] <ref>[http://feminist.org/research/chronicles/chronicl.html The Feminist Chronicles, 1953-1993 - Feminist Majority Foundation<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''[[The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism, and Anarchism]]'', [[L. Susan Brown]] (1993) *''Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body'', [[Susan Bordo]] (1993) *''[[Warrior Marks|Warrior Marks: Female Genital Mutilation and the Sexual Blinding of Women]]'', [[Alice Walker]] and [[Pratibha Parmar]] (1993) *''[[Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings]]'', Miriam Schneir (1994) *''Gaia and God: An Ecofeminist Theology of Earth Healing'', [[Rosemary Radford Ruether]] (1994) *''Gender Outlaw'', [[Kate Bornstein]] (1994) *''Mother Journeys: Feminists Write about Mothering'', Maureen T. Reddy, Martha Roth, and Amy Sheldon (1994) *''Neither Man nor Beast: Feminism and the Defense of Animals'', [[Carol J. Adams]] (1994) *''[[Nine Parts of Desire]]'', [[Geraldine Brooks (writer)|Geraldine Brooks]] (1994) *''Religion, Feminism, and Freedom of Conscience'', [[George D. Smith]] (ed.) (1994) *''[[Skin: Talking About Sex, Class & Literature]]'', [[Dorothy Allison]] (1994) *"Suffragette City: The Chicago Women's Liberation Rock Band", Ben Kim (1994)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/suffragette-city-the-chicago-womens-liberation-rock-band.html Suffragette City: The Chicago Women's Liberation Rock Band | Rock Band<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072856/http://www.cwluherstory.org/suffragette-city-the-chicago-womens-liberation-rock-band.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *''The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to 1870'', [[Gerda Lerner]] (1994) *"The Unremembered: Searching for Women at the Holocaust Memorial Museum", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1994)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/TheUnremembered.html The Unremembered: Searching for Women at the Holocaust Memorial Museum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Why Women Need Freedom From Religion", [[Annie Laurie Gaylor]] (1994) *''[[Feminist Economics (journal)|Feminist Economics]]'' (1995–present) *''From Suffrage to Women's Liberation: Feminism in Twentieth Century America'', [[Joreen]] (1995)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/feminism/suffrage.htm From Suffrage to Women's Liberation<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502231027/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/feminism/suffrage.htm |date=2015-05-02 }}</ref> *"From the Back Alleys to the Supreme Court and Beyond", [[Dorothy Fadiman]] (1995) *''Listen Up: Voices from the Next Feminist Generation'', Barbara Findlen, ed. (1995) *''Massacre of the Dreamers: Essays on [[Xicanisma]],'' [[Ana Castillo]] (1995) *"Memoirs of a Feminist Therapist", Joan Saks Berman, Ph.D. (1995)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/Berman.html Memoirs of a Feminist Therapist<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223245/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/Berman.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *''Nattering on the Net: Women, Power and Cyberspace'', [[Dale Spender]] (1995) *"On the Origins of the Women's Liberation Movement From a Strictly Personal Perspective", [[Joreen]] (1995)<ref>[http://www.jofreeman.com/aboutjo/persorg.htm On the Origins of the Women's Liberation Movement<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Plenary Address of the Fourth World Conference on Women", [[Bella Abzug]] (1995)<ref>[http://www.edchange.org/multicultural//speeches/bella_abzug_plenary.html Bella Abzug: Fourth World Conference On Women<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Pythagoras' Trousers - God, Physics, and the Gender Wars'', [[Margaret Wertheim]] (1995) *"The Power of the Word: Culture, Censorship and Voice", [[Meredith Tax]] with [[Marjorie Agosin]], [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], [[Ritu Menon]], [[Ninotchka Rosca]], and Mariella Sala (1995)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meredithtax.org/gender-and-censorship/power-word-culture-censorship-and-voice |title=The Power of the Word: Culture, Censorship and Voice |publisher=Meredith Tax |access-date=2017-01-19 |archive-date=2017-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120000759/http://www.meredithtax.org/gender-and-censorship/power-word-culture-censorship-and-voice |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *"The Revolution for Women in Law and Public Policy", [[Joreen]] (1995)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/revlaw1.htm The Revolution for Women in Law and Public Policy<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085556/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/revlaw1.htm |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *"The Sexual Politics of Interpersonal Behavior", Nancy Henley and [[Joreen]] (1995)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/womensociety/personal.htm The Sexual Politics of Interpersonal Behavior<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106020800/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/womensociety/personal.htm |date=2016-01-06 }}</ref> *''[[To Be Real]]'', [[Rebecca Walker]], ed. (1995) *"(Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism", Teresa Ebert (1995)<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/ebert.htm (Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism by Teresa Ebert 1995<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Mass Media'', [[Susan J. Douglas]] (1994) *''Animals and women: Feminist theoretical explorations'', [[Carol J. Adams]] and [[Josephine Donovan]] (1994) *''Making Stories, Making Selves: Feminist Reflections on the Holocaust'', R. Ruth Linden (1995) *"Women and Aids", [[Donna Shalala]] (1995)<ref>[http://www.thelizlibrary.org/undelete/library/library013.html Women of Achievement Library (Author Index)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Women and Health Security", [[Hillary Clinton]] (1995)<ref>[http://www.thelizlibrary.org/undelete/library/library014.html Women of Achievement Library (Author Index)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought'', [[Beverly Guy-Sheftall]] (ed.) (1995) *"A Good Rape", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1996) *"Barred From the Bar - A History of Women and the Legal Profession", Hedda Garza (1996)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.american-buddha.com/lit.barredbartoc.htm |title=Barred From the Bar - A History of Women and the Legal Profession, by Hedda Garza<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101445/http://www.american-buddha.com/lit.barredbartoc.htm |archive-date=2015-05-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Beijing Report: The Fourth World Conference on Women" from ''off our backs'', [[Joreen]] (1996)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/womenyear/beijingreport.htm Beijing Report: The Fourth World Conference on Women<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025350/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/womenyear/beijingreport.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"Days of Celebration and Resistance: The [[Chicago Women's Liberation Rock Band]], 1970-1973", [[Naomi Weisstein]] (1996)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/naomirock.html Rock Band Memoir<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509162815/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/naomirock.html |date=2015-05-09 }}</ref> *''[[n.paradoxa: international feminist art journal]]'' (1996–present) *"Remarks to Wellesley College Class of 1996" (commencement speech), [[Nora Ephron]] (1996) *''The Stronger Women Get, the More Men Love Football: Sexism and the Culture of Sport'', Mariah Burton Nelson (1994) *''[[The Vagina Monologues]]'', [[Eve Ensler]] (1996) *"U.N. Reviews Women's Progress One Year After Beijing" from ''off our backs'', [[Joreen]] (1996)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/womenyear/beijingreport1.htm U.N. Reviews Women's Progress One Year After Beijing<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323011642/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/womenyear/beijingreport1.htm |date=2007-03-23 }}</ref> *"Waves of Feminism", [[Joreen]] (1996)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/feminism/waves.htm Waves of Feminism<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055028/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/feminism/waves.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"We've Come a Long Way...?", [[Joreen]] (1996)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/aboutjo/longway.htm We've Come A Long Way ?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123015826/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/aboutjo/longway.htm |date=2016-01-23 }}</ref> *"Whatever Happened to Republican Feminists?", [[Joreen]] (1996)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/polhistory/repubfem.htm Whatever Happened to Republican Feminists?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511051734/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/polhistory/repubfem.htm |date=2015-05-11 }}</ref> *"What's In a Name? Does It Matter How the Equal Rights Amendment is Worded?", [[Joreen]] (1996)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/eraname.htm What's in a Name? Does it matter how the Equal Rights Amendment is worded?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025700/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/lawandpolicy/eraname.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"Womb for Rent: Surrogate Motherhood and the Case of Baby M", [[Anita Silvers]] and Sterling Harwood, in Sterling Harwood, ed., ''Business as Ethical and Business as Usual'', pp.&nbsp;190–193. (1996) *"Change and Continuity for Women at the 1996 Republican and Democratic Conventions", [[Joreen]] (1997)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/1996conven.htm Change and Continuity for Women at the 1996 Republican and Democratic Conventions<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085950/http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/conventions/1996conven.htm |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *''In Harm's Way: The Pornography Civil Rights Hearings'', [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1997) *''Life and Death: Unapologetic Writings on the Continuing War against Women'', [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1997) *"Power, Resistance and Science: A Call for a Revitalized Feminist Psychology", [[Naomi Weisstein]] (1997)<ref>[http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/Power-Resistance-and-Science.html "Power, Resistance, and Science: A Call for a Revitalized Feminist Psychology"], ''The Feminist eZine''.</ref> *"Remarks on Naomi Weisstein", Jesse Lemisch and [[Naomi Weisstein]] (1997)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/remarks-on-naomi-weisstein.html?q=remarks+naomi Remarks on Naomi Weisstein | Text Memoirs<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073214/http://www.cwluherstory.org/remarks-on-naomi-weisstein.html?q=remarks+naomi |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *"Selected Quotes From ''Women Without Superstition: No Gods - No Masters''", [[Annie Laurie Gaylor]] (ed.) (1997)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ffrf.org/legacy/books/wws/wwsquotes.php |title=Women Without Superstition Excerpts<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052719/https://ffrf.org/legacy/books/wws/wwsquotes.php |archive-date=2018-06-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses'', [[Oyeronke Oyewumi]] (1997) *''Who's Afraid of Feminism?: Seeing Through the Backlash'', Julie Mitchell and [[Ann Oakley]], eds (1997) *''[[And Who Will Make the Chapatis?]]'', edited by [[Bishakha Datta]] (1998) *''[[Cunt: A Declaration of Independence]]'', [[Inga Muscio]] (1998) *"Dear Bill and Hillary", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1998)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/other/Clinton2.html Dear Bill and Hillary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Letters to a Young Feminist'', [[Phyllis Chesler]] (1998) *"Marxist Feminism / Materialist Feminism", Martha E. Gimenez (1998)<ref>[http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/mar.html Marxist / Materialist Feminism.]<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> *"Mother Wit", [[Ellen Willis]] (1998)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/19/books/mother-wit.html?ref=grace_paley?pagewanted=1 "Mother Wit"], ''The New York Times'', April 19, 1998.<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> *''[[Saman (novel)|Saman]]'', [[Ayu Utami]] (1998) *"Seneca Falls Anniversary Speech", [[Hillary Clinton]] (1998)<ref>[http://www.thelizlibrary.org/undelete/library/library017.html Women of Achievement Library (Author Index)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Sex and Social Justice'', [[Martha Nussbaum]] (1998) *"She Said" from ''Calyx'', [[Judith Arcana]] (1998)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/Judithwrite3.html She said by Judith Arcana<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001909/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/Judithwrite3.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> * ''The Economics of Gender'', Joyce P. Jacobson (1998) *''The Last Suffragist'', Ellen DuBois (1998)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Urn8GOy9EsQC&amp;pg=PA1&amp;lpg=PA1&amp;dq=%22last+suffragist%22+%22dubois%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=6C6fTrdG8P&amp;sig=6O4mj2a2duEb-oqC17Tfb4yKarE&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=5Q2MTL3kMcLflgf9oNVg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=6&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Woman Suffrage and Women's Rights - Ellen C. Du Bois - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"The Magnolia Street Commune", [[Vivian Rothstein]] (1998)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/Commune.html Vivian Rothstein<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000329/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/Commune.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *"The Religious War Against Women", [[Annie Laurie Gaylor]] (1998)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ffrf.org/legacy/fttoday/1998/april98/gaylor.html |title=The Religious War Against Women<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021013905/https://ffrf.org/legacy/fttoday/1998/april98/gaylor.html |archive-date=2017-10-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Three Pieces About Abortion" from Calyx and Hurricane Alice, [[Judith Arcana]] (1998)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/Judithwrite.html Abortion Writings by Judith Arcana<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214950/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/Judithwrite.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *''[[Tipping the Velvet]]'', [[Sarah Waters]] (1998)<ref name="autogenerated10">{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Kaye|title=Sarah Waters: Contemporary Critical Perspectives|date=July 18, 2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-2021-2|page=10|edition=1st}}</ref> *''Quintessence... Realizing the Archaic Future: A Radical Elemental Feminist Manifesto'', [[Mary Daly]] (1998) * ''Upanibesh'', [[Sarojini Sahoo]] (1998) *"When Men Were Men", [[bell hooks]] (1998)<ref>[http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=content&amp;task=view&amp;id=2298 Shambhala Sun<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Abortion and the Underground", Cheryl Terhor (1999)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/TribTheater.html Jane: Abortion and the Underground<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111022619/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/TribTheater.html |date=2014-11-11 }}</ref> *"Ain't She Still a Woman?", [[bell hooks]] (1999)<ref>[http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=content&amp;task=view&amp;id=2296 Shambhala Sun<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Are Women Human?", [[Catharine MacKinnon]] (1999)<ref>[http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/mackinnon/mackin1.html Are Women Human?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Are You Listening, Hillary? President Rape Is Who He Is", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1999) *"Chicago Was at Center of Feminist Activities", Angela Bonavoglia (1999)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUAbout/abdoc3.html Chicago Was At the Center of Feminist Activities<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225303/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUAbout/abdoc3.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *"CWLU Work Groups and Personal Transformation", Sue Davenport, Paula Kamen, and the [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union|CWLU]] Herstory Committee (1999)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/Davenport.html Sue Davenport<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220722/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/Davenport.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> *''Dragon Ladies: Asian American Feminists Breathe Fire'', [[Sonia Shah]] (ed.) (1999) *''Engendering Judaism: An Inclusive Theology and Ethics'', [[Rachel Adler]] (1999) *"Feminism, Moralism, and That Woman", [[Ellen Willis]] (1999)<ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/1002321/ Feminism, Moralism, and That Woman - Slate Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *"Founding and Sustaining a Women's Studies Program", Judith Kegan Gardiner (1999)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/founding-and-sustaining-a-womens-studies-program.html Founding and Sustaining a Women's Studies Program | Text Memoirs<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073204/http://www.cwluherstory.org/founding-and-sustaining-a-womens-studies-program.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> *''[[International Feminist Journal of Politics]]'' (1999–present) *"Jo Freeman (also known as [[Joreen]])", Jennifer Scanlon (1999)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/aboutjo/scanlon.htm Jo Freeman Biography<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107013406/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/aboutjo/scanlon.htm |date=2016-01-07 }}</ref> *"Monica and Barbara and Primal Concerns", [[Ellen Willis]] (1999)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/14/arts/television-radio-monica-and-barbara-and-primal-concerns.html?pagewanted=1 "TELEVISION / RADIO; Monica and Barbara and Primal Concerns"], ''The New York Times'', March 14, 1999.<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> *"Our Gang of Four: Friendships and Women's Liberation", Amy Kesselman with [[Heather Booth]], [[Vivian Rothstein]], and [[Naomi Weisstein]] (1999)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/Kesselman.html Our Gang of Four<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065530/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUMemoir/Kesselman.html |date=2013-01-20 }}</ref> *"Penis Passion", [[bell hooks]] (1999)<ref>[http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=content&amp;task=view&amp;id=2295 Shambhala Sun<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *''Pratibandi'', [[Sarojini Sahoo]] (1999) *"Sex, Race, Religion, and Partisan Alignment", [[Joreen]] (1999)<ref>[http://uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/polparties/sexracrel.htm Sex, Race, Religion and Partisan Realignment<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116070406/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/polparties/sexracrel.htm |date=2016-01-16 }}</ref> *"Sisters Against the System", Cara Jepson (1999)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUAbout/abdoc4.html Sisters Against the System<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055103/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUAbout/abdoc4.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *''[[Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man]]'', [[Susan Faludi]] (1999) *''[[The Australian Feminist Law Journal]]'' (1999–present) *"The [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]]: An Introduction", Margaret "Peg" Strobel and Sue Davenport (1999)<ref name=autogenerated6>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUAbout/abdoc1.html The Chicago Women's Liberation Union: An Introduction<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104090301/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUAbout/abdoc1.html |date=2011-11-04 }}</ref> *"The China Project, the Prison Project and the Issues of Class and Race", Marie "Micki" Leaner, Paula Kamen and the [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union|CWLU]] Herstory Committee (1999)<ref name=autogenerated6 /> *"The Day I Was Drugged and Raped", [[Andrea Dworkin]] (1999)<ref>Andrea Dworkin, [http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/other/rape.html "The day I was drugged and raped"<!-- Bot generated title -->]. ''[[New Statesman]]'', 2000-06-05.</ref> *"The Green Highway Theater Press Release [concerning the play Jane: Abortion and the Underground]", Paula Kamen (1999)<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/Theaterpress.html Jane Press Release<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002451/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUFeature/Theaterpress.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> *''The Whole Woman'', [[Germaine Greer]] (1999) *''[[Travail, Genre et Sociétés]]'' (1999–present) *"What Was the [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]]?", Becky Kluchin (1999)<ref>[http://www.cwluherstory.org/what-was-the-chicago-womens-liberation-union.html What Was the Chicago Women's Liberation Union? | Articles about the CWLU<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073210/http://www.cwluherstory.org/what-was-the-chicago-womens-liberation-union.html |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} 8p2f7vrndrn2hed2auv6sdplv44ee0a The virgin 0 70972 632029 578232 2026-08-19T15:38:45Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}}{{Infobox book|name=The Virgin|publisher=Bounty press and Paperback Publishers, Ibadan|preceded_by=|oclc=633633330|congress=|dewey=|isbn=978-33029-1-4|pages=116 pp|media_type=Print ([[Hardcover|Hardback]] & [[Paperback]])|release_date=1985|genre=Novel|orig title=|series=Egret romance & thrillers|language=English|country=[[Nigeria]]|cover_artist=|author=[[Bayo Adebowale]]|caption=|image=|translator=|followed_by=}}'''''The Virgin''''' jẹ́ íwé tì o tájù ńì ọ̀dùń 1985 tì Báyọ̀ Adebowale je ákọ̀wè ná.[[Bayo Adebowale]].<ref name="bearing">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kf7_x8yz430C&q=The+virgin,+Bayo+Adebowale+novel&pg=PA124|title=Bearing Witness: Readers, Writers, and the Novel in Nigeria - Wendy Griswold - Google Books|date=19 June 2000|isbn=0691058296|accessdate=2015-04-04|last1=Griswold|first1=Wendy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/studproj/arts/0715CD153.pdf|title=Pragmatic Features of Nigerian English : A Case Study of Selected Poems of Bayo Adebowale|publisher=Unilorin.edu.ng|accessdate=2015-04-04|archive-date=2015-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410022013/https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/studproj/arts/0715CD153.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Íwé tì wọ̀ń ṣè átẹ̀jádè rẹ̀ ńì ọ̀dùń 1985,sọ̀ ńìpá wàálá tì óbìńrìń káń dójùkọ̀ ńì ìlú rẹ̀ ńìpá kì ómù íkáń lárà áwọ̀ń ókùńrìń mẹ́tá káń tìwọ̀ń dà èńù ífẹ̀ sì ,tí wọ̀ń mọ̀ pè ótìjábàlé tábì kí áwọ̀ń tù áṣírì ẹ́ ńí álè ìgbèyáwò rẹ́.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/weekly/index.php/bookshelf/16868-when-pages-flip-to-inhabit-screens|title=When pages flip to inhabit screens - Weekly Trust|publisher=Dailytrust.com.ng|date=2014-06-28|accessdate=2015-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31mP-0eAhxYC&q=The+Virgin+by+Bayo+adebowale&pg=PA189|title=No Condition Is Permanent: Nigerian Writing and the Struggle for Democracy - Holger Ehling, Claus-Peter Holste-von Mutius - Google Books|isbn=9042014865|accessdate=2015-04-04|last1=Ehling|first1=Holger G.|last2=Mutius|first2=Claus-Peter Holste-von|year=2001}}</ref> Scholar Wendy Griswold ṣe afihan iwe yi gẹ́gẹ̀ bí "ìgbèsì aye abule". "Íwé yì tùńṣè áfìháń áṣá átì íṣè ìgbèsì áyé áwọ̀ń órìlé-èdé Ńáìjìrìá tì ó sí dábì ákọ̀wè káń tí óńjẹ̀ [[Chinua Achebe]].<ref name="bearing" /> == Ágbékálẹ̀ == Obìńrìń káń tì ó wá látì ílẹ́ Yoruba ńì ábùlè káń, tì òsí tí fẹ́ ọ́dẹ̀ káń látì ábùlè íbomíráń . Bẹ́ńá ńí árákùńrìkáń tì óńbọ̀ látì ígbòrò dá èńù ífékọ̀ bẹ́ńá ńì ótùń fí ọ́wọ̀ rá gbògbó árá ẹ́. Árábìńrìń yì durò tìtì dì ọ́jọ̀ álẹ̀ ígbè ìyáwò rẹ́. == Background == Adebowale jẹ́ ẹ́gbẹ̀ "third generation" tì àwọ̀ń àkọ̀wè órile-ede Ńáìjìrìá tí wọ̀ń má ṣè áfìháń áwọ̀ń nkan igbalode tì óyátọ̀si awon akowe aye atijọ̀.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dalley|first=Hamish|date=Winter 2013|title=The Idea of "Third Generation Nigerian Literature": Conceptualizing Historical Change and Territorial Affiliation in the Contemporary Nigerian Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_winter-2013_44_4/page/15|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=44|issue=4|pages=15–34|doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.44.4.15|hdl=1885/75434|s2cid=143625804|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Pùpọ̀ ńìńù áwọ̀ń íṣẹ̀ Adebowale ,óma sonipa awọ̀ń árá abùlè. .<ref name="bearing" /> ''The Virgin jẹ́ nkan lara awon iṣẹ́ naa. Adebowale Ni igbagbo pe awọ̀ń akowe orile-ede Naijiria kìwọ̀ń màṣè afihan Awa ati íṣé órìlè edé Ńáìjìrìá.''<ref name="bearing" /> Átùńṣè íwé ńáà si ere óńìṣè [[Tunde Kelani]] tùń íwé yì ṣè tì ósì sọ̀dì ere óńíṣè tí ó sí dárì ére 95-minute film version, tì o ai pè ákọ̀lé rẹ́ ńì tit ''[[The Narrow Path (2006 film)|The Narrow Path]]'',Ti òjade Ni ọ̀jọ́ ke ji la óṣù kárùń ọ̀dùń 2012. Èré ṣè áfìháń [[Sola Asedeko]], [[Ayo Badmus]] átì[[Khabirat Kafidipe]] . [[Beautiful Nubia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/midweek-revue/chemistry-graduate-behind-winning-sound-tracks/|title=Chemistry graduate behind winning sound tracks|publisher=Punchng.com|date=2013-06-12|accessdate=2015-04-04|archive-date=2015-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410100626/http://www.punchng.com/feature/midweek-revue/chemistry-graduate-behind-winning-sound-tracks/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> jẹ́ enì tí ókọ̀ órìń ńáà. Mumin Wale Kelani átì Frank Efe Patrick Ni wọ̀ń ṣè átùńṣè rẹ́., ti Abiola Atanda<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt1775366/fullcredits/|title=The Narrow Path (2006)|work=Internet Movie Database|accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref> jẹ́ ẹ́ńì tì óf7ùń wọ̀ń ńí ẹ́ṣọ̀ átì àṣọ̀. Ere je otìtọ̀ si iwe naa laye yọ́ ikan kan kuro ńìbẹ́ bayi ẹ́jẹ̀ pe afihan àṣá Ati ise wa ninu ere naa.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFzMC-nHqi4C&q=The+Virgin+by+Bayo+adebowale&pg=PA30|title=Media and Performance - Google Books|isbn=9781847010384|accessdate=2015-04-04|last1=Kerr|first1=David|last2=Banham|first2=Martin|last3=Gibbs|first3=James|last4=Plastow|first4=Jane|last5=Osofisan|first5=Femi|year=2011}}</ref> == Awọ̀ń itọ̀kásì == {{reflist}} 61du6nfvgr6k8ian0dru13dnxrssaaz Aṣẹ 0 71625 632047 550324 2026-08-19T16:22:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632047 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:Brooklyn_Museum_82.154.2_Housepost_One_of_Pair.jpg|thumb| Yoruba Veranda Posts, Brooklyn Museum]] '''Ase''' tabi '''ashe''' (lati [[Èdè Yorùbá|Yoruba]] ''àṣẹ'' ) jẹ́ Yoruba philosophical concept nípa èyí tí [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] ti [[Nàìjíríà]] lóyún agbára láti mú kí nǹkan ṣẹlẹ̀ àti láti mú ìyípadà wá. O ti wa ni funni nipasẹ Olodumare si ohun gbogbo — oriṣa, ancestors, ẹmí, eda eniyan, eranko, eweko, apata, odo, ati ohùn ọrọ gẹgẹbi awọn orin, adura, iyin, egún, tabi paapa lojojumo ibaraẹnisọrọ. Wíwà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí èrò Yorùbá, gbára lé e. Ni afikun si awọn abuda mimọ rẹ, ''ase'' tun ni awọn imudara awujọ pataki, ti o farahan ninu itumọ rẹ bi “agbara, aṣẹ, aṣẹ.” Eniyan ti o, nipasẹ ikẹkọ, iriri, ati ibẹrẹ, kọ ẹkọ bi o ṣe le lo ipa igbesi aye pataki ti awọn nkan lati ṣe iyipada ti o mọọmọ ni a npe ni {{Lang|yo|alaase}}. Awọn ilana lati pe awọn ipa atọrunwa ṣe afihan ikanna fun ''ase'' adase ti awọn nkan kan. Ti idanimọ iyasọtọ ati idaṣe ti ''ase'' ti awọn eniyan ati awọn ọlọrun jẹ kini awọn ẹya ti awujọ ati ibatan rẹ pẹlu agbaye miiran. <ref name="Drewal">{{Cite book|last=Drewal|first=H. J., and J. Pemberton III with Rowland Abiodun|title=Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought|year=1989|publisher=The Center for African Art|location=New York City|editor=Allen Wardwell}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDrewal1989">Drewal, H. J., and J. Pemberton III with Rowland Abiodun (1989). Allen Wardwell (ed.). ''Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought''. New York City: The Center for African Art.</cite></ref> ==Ashe ati aworon Yoruba== Èrò ''aṣe'' ni ipa lórí iye aworan Yorùbá. Ninu awọn aworan wiwo, apẹrẹ kan le jẹ ipin tabi seriate - “apapọ idawọle ninu eyiti awọn ẹya ti gbogbo rẹ jẹ ọtọtọ ati pin iye dogba pẹlu awọn ẹya miiran.” <ref name="Drewal 1987">{{Cite journal|last=Drewal|first=M. T., and H. J. Drewal|title=Composing Time and Space in Yoruba Art|url=https://archive.org/details/word-image_july-september-1987_3_3/page/225|journal=Word and Image: A Journal of Verbal/Visual Enquiry|year=1987|volume=3|issue=3|pages=225–251|doi=10.1080/02666286.1987.10435383}}</ref> A lè rí irú àwọn nǹkan bẹ́ẹ̀ nínú [[Ifá|àwọn àpótí Ifá]] àti àwokòtò, òpó veranda, àwọn ilẹ̀kùn gbígbẹ́ àti ìbòjú àwọn baba ńlá . Nípa àkópọ̀ aworan Yorùbá gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn èrò aṣe, ''Drewal'' kowe pé: ==Ori bi ojula ase== Ori ''ori'' ni a fun ni pataki pupọ ninu iṣẹ ọna ati ero Yoruba . Nigbati a ba ṣe afihan rẹ ni ere, iwọn ori ni a maa n ṣe afihan bi igba mẹrin tabi marun ni deede iwọn rẹ ni ibatan si ara lati fihan pe aaye ti ''ase'' eniyan ni bakanna bi ẹda ti o ṣe pataki, tabi ''iwa'' . . <ref name="Drewal">{{Cite book|last=Drewal|first=H. J., and J. Pemberton III with Rowland Abiodun|title=Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought|year=1989|publisher=The Center for African Art|location=New York City|editor=Allen Wardwell}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDrewal1989">Drewal, H. J., and J. Pemberton III with Rowland Abiodun (1989). Allen Wardwell (ed.). ''Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought''. New York City: The Center for African Art.</cite></ref> Yoruba yato laarin ode ati inu ori. ''Ode'' jẹ irisi ti ara ti eniyan, eyiti o le boju-boju tabi ṣafihan awọn apakan inu ( ''inu'' ). Jẹhẹnu homẹ tọn lẹ, taidi homẹfa po mawazẹjlẹgo po, dona dugán do ode awetọ ji. Ori tun so eniyan pọ pẹlu aye miiran. Ayẹyẹ ''imori'' (eyi ti o tumọ si ''mimọ-ori'' ) ni ilana akọkọ ti a nṣe lẹhin ti ọmọ Yoruba ba bi. Ni akoko ''imori'', babalawo ti pinnu boya ọmọ naa wa lati idile iya rẹ tabi baba tabi lati ''[[Òrìṣà|orisa]]'' kan. Bí èyí bá rí bẹ́ẹ̀, ọmọ náà yóò gba ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ òrìṣà nígbà àgbà, èyí tí ''òrìṣà'' ènìyàn yóò fi di ohun èlò ẹ̀mí fún òrìṣà ''yẹn'' . Láti múra sílẹ̀ fún àwọn ayẹyẹ wọ̀nyí, a fá orí ẹni náà, wọ́n á wẹ̀, kí wọ́n sì fi òróró yàn. <ref name="Drewal">{{Cite book|last=Drewal|first=H. J., and J. Pemberton III with Rowland Abiodun|title=Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought|year=1989|publisher=The Center for African Art|location=New York City|editor=Allen Wardwell}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDrewal1989">Drewal, H. J., and J. Pemberton III with Rowland Abiodun (1989). Allen Wardwell (ed.). ''Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought''. New York City: The Center for African Art.</cite></ref> ==Lilo igbalode ni ilu okeere== Niwọn igba ti o kere ju akoko igbiyanju Afrocentrism ni ilu ajeji ti awon oyinbo ni opin ọdun 20th, ọrọ naa “Ashe” ti di ọrọ ti o wọpọ ni Amẹrika, pẹlu asọye gbogbogbo jẹ ifẹsẹmulẹ ati awọn ifẹ ireti. O ti tun wa lati ṣee lo ninu awọn Kristeni Dudu esin àrà bi ohun deede (tabi rirọpo) ti awọn ọrọ "Amin." ==Wo eleyi na== * Agbara (esotericism) ==Awọn itọkasi== {{Reflist}} ==Siwaju kika== * Bascom, WR 1960. "Yoruba Concepts of the Soul." Ni ''Awọn ọkunrin ati Awọn aṣa'' . Satunkọ nipa AFC Wallace. Berkeley: University of California Tẹ: 408. * Alade, R. 1960. "Egun, Atunse ati ilera opolo laarin awon Yoruba." ''Iwe Iroyin Onimọran Ọran ti Ilu Kanada'' 5 (2): 66. * Verger, P. 1864. "Olorun Giga Yoruba- Atunwo Orisun." Iwe ti a gbekalẹ ni ''Apero lori Ọlọrun giga ni Afirika'', University of Ife: 15-19. * Ayoade, JAA 1979. "Oro Oro Inu Ninu Oogun Ibile Yoruba." Ni ''Awọn Eto Itọju Ile Afirika'' . Ṣatunkọ nipasẹ ZA Ademuwagun, et al. Waltham, Ibi .: Crossroad Press: 51. * Fagg, WB, ati J. Permberton 3rd. Ọdun 1982. ''Yoruba Sculpture of West Africa'' . Niu Yoki: Alfred A. Knopf: 52ff. * Drewal, MT, ati HJ Drewal. Ọdun 1983. ''Gelede: Ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Nípa Iṣẹ́ Ọnà àti Agbara Obinrin Laarin Yorùbá'' . Bloomington: Indiana University Press: 5–6, 73ff. * Jones, Omi Osun Joni L. 2015. ''Jazz Tiata: Iṣe, Àse, ati Agbara ti Akoko Iwaju'' . Columbus: Ohio State University Press: 215-243. [[Ẹ̀ka:Ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Yorùbá]] eahb0fj55ue9j66x1mkvgfke4lo0o3f Ilokulo Omo Obinrin Ni Orile Ede Naijiria.(Girls Child Labour in Nigeria) 0 71689 632036 576063 2026-08-19T16:03:41Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632036 wikitext text/x-wiki Ìlòkulò ọmọ obìnrin ní orílẹ èdè Nàìjíríà jẹ́ ìsẹ̀lẹ̀ tó ń sẹlẹ̀ sí ọmọ obìnrin tó wà láàrin ọdún máàrún sí mẹ́rìnlá tó ń lọ́wọ́ sí akitiyan ọrọ̀ ajé yàtò sí ẹ̀kọ́ ìwé àti ̀igbà ìsinmi wọn{{sfn|Carter|Togunde|2008| p=1}}. [[Lílo ọmọbìnrin ní ìlòkulò ní Orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà]] ti di ìwà Ìbàjẹ́ tó tànkálẹ̀ látàrí ọrọ̀ inú ilé <ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1007/s12114-011-9126-y|title = Children's Work in Nigeria: Exploring the Implications of Gender, Urban–Rural Residence, and Household Socioeconomic Status|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_review-of-black-political-economy_2012-06_39_2/page/187|year = 2012|last1 = Kazeem|first1 = Aramide|s2cid = 153464998|journal = The Review of Black Political Economy|volume = 39|issue = 2|pages = 187–201}}</ref> sùgbọ́́n àwọn okùnfà míràn bíi àseyọrí ètò ẹ̀kọ́, ìpele ẹ̀kọ́ òbí, ẹgbẹ́ aláàbárìn, ìbéèrè fún alábásisẹ́ nínú ilé àti òsìsẹ́ alábálòpọ̀, gbogbo eléyìí ló ń sokùn fa tí ìlòkulò ọmọ obìnrin se pọ ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà <ref>{{Cite web|title=Child labour in Africa|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/child-labour-in_africa_5lgsjhvj7pwh.pdf%3FitemId%3D%252Fcontent%252Fpaper%252F582055427126%26mimeType%3Dpdf%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi2x_jpktnpAhUb8uAKHRC9DqUQFjALegQIAhAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw3RN8Iksaf_Vxoq2u3DY8wM%26cshid%3D1590758637442|last=Bhalotra|first=Sonia|website=OECD|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-date=April 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413131246/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/child-labour-in_africa_5lgsjhvj7pwh.pdf%3FitemId%3D%252Fcontent%252Fpaper%252F582055427126%26mimeType%3Dpdf%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi2x_jpktnpAhUb8uAKHRC9DqUQFjALegQIAhAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw3RN8Iksaf_Vxoq2u3DY8wM%26cshid%3D1590758637442|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. Láfikún, ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwùjọ ìgbèríko àti mùsùlúmí ní [[ariwa orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà]],nígbàmíràn wọn a máa rán àwọn ọmọdé tàbí obìnrin [[ẹléhàá]] nísẹ́.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rain|first=David|s2cid=152898830|date=1997|title=The women of Kano: internalized stress and the conditions of reproduction, Northern Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geojournal_1997-10_43_2/page/175|journal=GeoJournal|volume=43|issue=2|pages=175–187|doi=10.1023/A:1006815632077|jstor=41147132|issn=0343-2521}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdébìnrin yìí a máa ṣiṣẹ́ gẹǵẹ́ bíi [[olùrànlọ́wọ́ nínú ilé]], olùrànlọ́wọ́ ilé ìtajà, [[oníkiri ọjà lójú pópó]]. Lílo àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdébìnrin nínú akitiyan ètò ọrọ̀ ajé ti fi wọ́n hàn sí ewu ìbálòpọ̀, àìrí ìtójú látọ̀dọ̀ òbí àti ìlòkulò.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.09.007| title=Child labor and sexual assault among girls in Maiduguri, Nigeria| year=2009| last1=Audu| first1=Bala| last2=Geidam| first2=Ado| last3=Jarma| first3=Hajara| journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics| volume=104| issue=1| pages=64–67| pmid=18954870}}</ref> Láfikún,iṣẹ wọn yìí kò lẹ́ẹ̀tó lábé òfin àti pé kò ní ànfààní kankan gẹ́gẹ́ bíi òṣìṣẹ́. Ńi Orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà,àwọn okùnfà bíi òsì àti àìríṣẹ́ṣe òbí,ìsílo kúrò ní ìgbèríko sí ìlú, ìwọ̀n ẹbí tí ó tóbi,àwọn àsà bíi ìlóbìnrin púpọ̀ jẹ́ orírun fún ìlòkulò ọmọ, àwọn èyí tí ó jẹyọ láti àwùjọ, iye ènìyàn àti ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Paediatric Association of Nigeria|first=PAN|date=2012-08-15|title=Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) recommended routine immunization schedule for Nigerian children|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v39i4.1|journal=Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics|volume=39|issue=4|doi=10.4314/njp.v39i4.1|issn=0302-4660}}</ref> Àwọn okùnfà míràn ni ilé ẹ̀kọ́ pínpín tó kéré, àìrí àyẹ̀wò àti iye owó ẹ̀kọ́ tó gaara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Paediatric Association of Nigeria|first=PAN|date=2012-08-15|title=Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) recommended routine immunization schedule for Nigerian children|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v39i4.1|journal=Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics|volume=39|issue=4|doi=10.4314/njp.v39i4.1|issn=0302-4660}}</ref> Síwájú síi láìpẹ́, ìjà àti ìgbésùnmọ̀mí ti fa ìyípadà lábẹ́nú fún àwọn ènìyàn,ìbàjẹ́ ohun èlò ilé ẹ̀kọ́ àti mímú àwọn ọmọ lọ fún ìlòkulò.Jùbẹ́́ẹ̀lo,ọ̀pọ̀ ìpànìyàn láwùjọ látowọ́ àwọn kanranjọ́ngbọ́n agbésùnmoọ̀mi ́ní àríwá orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà ti sokùnfà pípọ̀ àwọn ọmọ òrukàn àti àwọn ọmọ tó ń jìyà ìpalára látàrí ìlòkulò.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1978-05-05|title=Address by the Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Education on Behalf of Col. A.A. Ali, Federal Commissioner for Education, Nigeria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.14217/9781848592780-13-en|access-date=2021-11-08|website=dx.doi.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Enebe NO, Enebe JT, Agunwa CC, Ossai EN, Ezeoke UE, Idoko CA, Mbachu CO |title=Prevalence and predictors of child labour among junior public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study |journal=BMC Public Health |year=2021 |volume=21 |issue=1339 |doi=10.1186/s12889-021-11429-w |pmid=34233655 |pmc=8262090}} {{CC-notice|cc=by4}}</ref> ==Awon Itokasi== 50s2lfkyjionquy027kupbq2y31lba2 Fúnmiláyọ̀ Ransome-Kútì 0 71776 632098 611165 2026-08-19T17:49:14Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà (1900–1978)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[Chieftain|Olóyè]] | name = Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti | image = 70 year old Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti on her birthday.png | caption = Ransome-Kuti ní 1970 | imagesize = 200 | office = [[Houses of Chiefs (Nigeria)|Ọmọ Ẹgbẹ́ Ilé Àwọn Olóyè ti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn]]<br>''[[Oloye|Olóyè]]'' Àwọn Ènìyàn Yorùbá | term_start = àwọn ọdún 1950 | term_end = 1966 | appointed = Sir [[John Dalzell Rankine]] | birth_name = Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Olufela Folorunso Thomas | birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1900|10|25}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate|Gúúsù Nàìjíríà]] | occupation = {{hlist|Olùkọ́|olóṣèlú|ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ àwọn obìnrin}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti]]|25 January 1925|6 April 1955|reason=d}} | children = {{plainlist| * [[Dolupo Ransome-Kuti]] (ọmọbìnrin) * [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] (ọmọkùnrin) * [[Fela Anikulapo-Kuti]] (ọmọkùnrin) * [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]] (ọmọkùnrin) }} | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Femi Kuti]] (ọmọ-ọmọ) * [[Seun Kuti]] (ọmọ-ọmọ) * [[Wole Soyinka]] (ọmọ-kèké) * [[Yeni Kuti]] (ọmọ-ọmọ) * [[Yemisi Ransome-Kuti]] (ọmọ-ẹ̀gbọ́n) * [[Made Kuti]] (ọmọ-ọmọ-ọmọ) }} | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1978|4|13|1900|10|25}} | death_place = [[Lagos]], Nàìjíríà | nationality = | awards = [[Lenin Peace Prize]] (1970) | alt = Fọ́tò Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti tí ó dúró pẹ̀lú ọwọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó dì papọ̀ níwájú rẹ̀ }} [[Chieftain|Olóyè]] '''Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti''', tí a bí ní '''Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Olufela Folorunso Thomas'''; ọjọ́ kẹẹdọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá 1900 - ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹrin 1978), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Funmilayo Aníkúlápó-Kuti''', jẹ́ [[Teacher|olùkọ́]], [[Political campaign|olóṣèlú]], [[suffragist|ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdìbò]], [[women's rights|ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ àwọn obìnrin]], àti [[Reformism (historical)|olùtúnṣe àwùjọ]] ọmọ [[Nigerians|Nàìjíríà]].[https://thenationonlineng.net/funmilayo-ransome-kuti-rekindles-fight-for-justice-equality/] Wọ́n bí Fumilayo Ransome Kuti ní [[Abeokuta]], níbi tí ó jẹ́ [[Ogun State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn]] báyìí, ní Nàìjíríà, òun sì ni akẹ́kọ̀ọ́bìnrin àkọ́kọ́ láti lọ sí [[Abeokuta Grammar School]].<ref name="lioness-lisabi">{{Cite web |last=Agunbiade |first=Tayo |title=Remembering Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti: Nigeria's 'lioness of Lisabi' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/1/the-lioness-of-lisabi-who-ended-unfair-taxes-for-nigerian-women |access-date=9 March 2022 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀dọ̀, ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́, ó ṣètò àwọn kíláàsì ilé-ìwé jéle-ó-simi àkọ́kọ́ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà, ó sì ṣètò àwọn kíláàsì [[literacy|ìkọ̀wé-kàwé]] fún àwọn obìnrin tí kò rí owó tó bẹ́ẹ̀ ṣe. Ní àwọn ọdún 1940, Ransome-Kuti dá [[Abeokuta Women's Union]] (Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Obìnrin Abẹ́òkúta) sílẹ̀, ó sì jà fún ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn obìnrin, ní bíbéèrè fún aṣojú tí ó dára jùlọ fún àwọn obìnrin ní àwọn àjọ ìṣàkóso ìbílẹ̀ àti òpin sí owó-orí tí kò tọ́ lórí àwọn obìnrin lọ́jà. Àwọn oníròyìn ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Kìnìún Lisabi",<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|77}} ó darí àwọn ìwọ́de àti ìfẹ̀hónú-hàn ti àwọn obìnrin tó 10,000, tí wọ́n fipá mú [[Alake of Egba (title)|Aláké]] tí ó wà lórí oyè láti kọ̀wé fi ipò sílẹ̀ fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ní 1949. Bí ipa òṣèlú Ransome-Kuti ti ń pọ̀ sí i, ó kópa nínú ìrìn-àjò òmìnira Nàìjíríà, ó ń lọ sí àwọn àpéjọ, ó sì darapọ̀ mọ́ àwọn [[Delegation|ikọ̀]] òkè-òkun láti jíròrò lórí àwọn òfin ìjọba tí a dámọ̀ràn. Ó síwájú nínú dídá Nigerian Women’s Union àti Federation of Nigerian Women’s Societies sílẹ̀, ó jà fún [[Women's right to vote|ẹ̀tọ́ ìdìbò àwọn obìnrin]] Nàìjíríà, ó sì di ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ pàtàkì nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àlàáfíà àti ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn obìnrin lágbàáyé. Ransome-Kuti gba [[Lenin Peace Prize]], wọ́n sì fún un ní ẹgbẹ́ nínú [[Order of the Niger]] fún iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. Ní àwọn ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún ìríwísí àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ lórí àwọn ìjọba [[military|ológun]] Nàìjíríà. Ó kú ní ẹni ọdún 77 lẹ́yìn tí ó fara pa nínú [[Raid (military)|ìkọlù ológun]] lórí ilé ẹbí wọn. Àwọn ọmọ Ransome-Kuti pẹ̀lú olórin [[Fela Kuti]] (tí a bí ní Olufela Ransome-Kuti), [[Doctor of Medicine|oníṣègùn]] àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]], àti [[Health minister of Nigeria|mínísítà ìlera]] [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]]. ==Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ ayé àti ẹ̀kọ́== Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Olufela Folorunso Thomas, ni a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹẹdọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá 1900 ní [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn]], Nàìjíríà, èyí tí ó jẹ́ apá kan [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]], [[Protectorate]] kan ti [[British Empire|Ìjọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]].<ref name=":0" /> A bí i fún Olóyè Daniel Olumeyuwa Thomas (1869–1954), ọmọ ẹbí [[Aristocracy|ọlọ́lá]] Jibolu-Taiwo, àti Lucretia Phyllis Omoyeni Adeosolu (1874–1956).<ref name="Cheryl" />{{rp|20}} Bàbá rẹ̀ jẹ́ àgbẹ̀ ó sì tún ń ta [[Palm oil|epo pupa]], nígbà tí ìyá rẹ̀ jẹ́ [[dressmaker|aránṣọ]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku., Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|volume=5|location=Oxford|pages=176–178|chapter=Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo|oclc=706025122}}</ref> Bàbá Frances jẹ́ ọmọ Ebenezer Sobowale Thomas, ẹni tí wọ́n bí ní [[Freetown, Sierra Leone]], àti Abigail Fakemi, ẹni tí wọ́n bí ní ìlú Yorùbá [[Ilesa]]. Baba-nlá Frances tí a mọ̀ jùlọ ní ti [[Father|bàbá]] ni ìyá-nlá bàbá rẹ̀, Sarah Taiwo (ìyá Ebenezer Sobowale Thomas), obìnrin [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] tí [[Saro people|àwọn oníṣòwò ẹrú kó ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún kí ó tó padà sílé sọ́dọ̀ ẹbí rẹ̀]] ní Abẹ́òkúta. Ọkọ Sarah àkọ́kọ́ ni Sobowale Thomas. Àwọn [[Lineal descendant|àtẹ̀lé]] Sarah nípasẹ̀ Thomas àti àwọn ọkọ rẹ̀ méjì yòókù – àwọn Jibolu-Taiwo – di díẹ̀ lára àwọn Kristiani àkọ́kọ́ ní agbègbè náà, wọ́n sì ní ipa ńlá lórí ìdàgbàsókè [[Christianity in Nigeria|Ìsìn Kristiani]] ní [[Abeokuta]]. Ìyá Frances jẹ́ ọmọ Isaac Adeosolu, ẹni tí ó wá láti Abẹ́òkúta, àti Harriet, ọmọbìnrin Adeboye, ẹni tí ó wá láti ìlú ìgbàanì ti [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] [[Ile-Ife]]. Àwọn òbí rẹ̀ ṣègbéyàwó ní 1897, wọ́n sì bí ọmọ méjì tí wọ́n [[Infant mortality|kú ní kékeré]] kí wọ́n tó bí Frances.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|19–23}} [[File:Abeokuta, 1929.png|alt=Ìwò Abẹ́òkúta láti òkè ní 1929|thumb|Abẹ́òkúta ní 1929]] [[File:Family Ransome Kuti c1940.jpg|alt=Àwòrán Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti tí ó jókòó, pẹ̀lú ọkọ àti àwọn ọmọ|thumb|Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (láàárín) pẹ̀lú ọkọ àti àwọn ọmọ ní nǹkan bí 1940]] Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé, kò wọ́pọ̀ ní àkókò náà fún àwọn ẹbí Nàìjíríà láti náwó púpọ̀ sórí ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn ọmọbìnrin, àwọn òbí Frances gbàgbọ́ nínú pàtàkì ẹ̀kọ́ fún àwọn ọmọkùnrin àti àwọn ọmọbìnrin.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{rp|28}} Ó lọ sí [[Abeokuta Grammar School]] fún ẹ̀kọ́ sẹ́kọ́ńdírì rẹ̀.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HwqQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA282|title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa|last=Sheldon|first=Kathleen|date=2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-6293-5|pages=247–248|language=en|chapter=Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo (1900–1978)}}</ref> Ilé-ìwé náà wà fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́kùnrin nìkan tẹ́lẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ó gba àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́bìnrin àkọ́kọ́ ní 1914, Frances sì jẹ́ ẹni àkọ́kọ́ láàárín àwọn ọmọbìnrin mẹ́fà tí wọ́n forúkọsílẹ̀ fún ẹ̀kọ́ ní ọdún yẹn.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|28–29}} Láti 1919 sí 1922, ó lọ sí Wincham Hall School for Girls ní [[Cheshire]], [[England]],<ref name="unesco2014">{{cite book| last=Ofoego |first=Obioma |date=2014 |title=Funmilayo Ransome Kuti and the women's union of Abeokuta |url=https://archive.org/details/olufunmilayo-ransome-kuti/ |location=Paris |publisher=UNESCO |page=7 |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> níbi tí ó ti kọ́ [[elocution|ọ̀rọ̀-sísọ]], orin, ríránṣọ, [[French language|èdè Faransé]], àti oríṣiríṣi iṣẹ́ ilé. Níbẹ̀ ni ó ti ṣe ìpinnu pípẹ́ láti lo orúkọ Yorùbá rẹ̀ tí a gé kúrú, Funmilayo, dípò orúkọ Kristiani rẹ̀ Frances,<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|30–31}} ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ nítorí ẹ̀yà-ìwòsí tí ó dojúkọ nígbà tí ó ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Wincham Hall School.<ref name=":3" /> Lẹ́yìn náà, ó padà sí Abẹ́òkúta ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Funmilayo-Ransome-Kuti|title=Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti: Nigerian feminist and political leader|date=21 October 2019|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kínní 1925, Funmilayo fẹ́ Reverend [[Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti]], ọmọ ẹbí [[Ransome-Kuti family]].<ref name="Cheryl" />{{rp|33}} Israel ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Abeokuta Grammar School ní ọdún díẹ̀ ṣáájú Funmilayo, nígbà tí ó sì wà ní ilé-ìwé, àwọn méjèèjì ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rẹ́ tí ó yọrí sí ìfẹ́.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|29}} Israel rí iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀gá ilé-ìwé, ó sì gbàgbọ́ gidigidi nínú mímú àwọn ènìyàn papọ̀ àti bíborí àwọn ìpínyà ẹ̀yà àti agbègbè. Ó padà di ọ̀kan lára olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigeria Union of Teachers]] àti Nigerian Union of Students.<ref name="Cheryl">{{Cite book|last1=Johnson-Odim|first1=Cheryl|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyMyspsywPsC|title=For Women and the Nation: Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria|last2=Mba|first2=Nina Emma|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=1997|isbn=0-252-06613-8|author-link2=Nina Emma Mba}}</ref>{{rp|46– 47}} [[Marriage|Ìgbéyàwó]] rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Funmilayo wà fún ọdún 30 – títí di ikú Israel – ó sì jẹ́ èyí tí ó kún fún ìmọ̀lára ìdọ́gba àti ọ̀wọ̀ jíjinlẹ̀ fún ara wọn.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|42}} Lẹ́yìn ìgbéyàwó, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti fi iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ rẹ̀ ti tẹ́lẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ó tètè rí àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn. Ní 1928 ó dá ọ̀kan lára àwọn kíláàsì ilé-ìwé jéle-ó-simi àkọ́kọ́ sílẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà. Ní àkókò náà, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ kan fún àwọn ọ̀dọ̀bìnrin láti àwọn ẹbí ọlọ́lá láti ṣe ìwúrí fún "ìmúdàgbàsókè ara ẹni" wọn, nígbà tí ó tún ń ṣètò àwọn kíláàsì fún àwọn obìnrin [[illiterate|tí kò kàwé]].<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|38}} Láàárín 1935 àti 1936, tọkọtaya náà ra ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ti ọwọ́-kejì wọ́n sì gbe e wá láti [[England]]. Ransome-Kuti ni obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ ní Abẹ́òkúta láti wa ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|48}} Ransome-Kuti àti ọkọ rẹ̀ bí ọmọ mẹ́rin: ọmọbìnrin kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Dolupo (1926) àti àwọn ọmọkùnrin [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti|Olikoye "Koye"]] (1927), [[Fela Kuti|Olufela "Fela"]] (1938), àti [[Beko Ransome-Kuti|Bekololari "Beko"]] (1940).<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|47 & 49}} ==Ìjàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́== === Abeokuta Women's Union === {{Main|Abeokuta Women's Revolt}}Ní 1932, Ransome-Kuti ti ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti dá Abeokuta Ladies Club sílẹ̀.<ref name=":0" /> Ẹgbẹ́ náà dá lórí iṣẹ́-àánú, ríránṣọ, pípèsè oúnjẹ àti àwọn kíláàsì ẹ̀kọ́ àgbà,<ref name=":8" /> àti pé àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ jẹ́ Kristiani, àwọn obìnrin tí wọ́n kàwé Ìwọ̀-oòrùn<ref name=":0" /> láti [[Bourgeoisie of Nigeria|kíláàsì àárín]]. Ní àwọn ọdún 1940, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ẹgbẹ́ náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní tẹ̀ síhà òṣèlú. Pẹ̀lú ìmísí láti ọ̀dọ̀ ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ kan tí kò kàwé tí ó béèrè fún ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti kọ́ bí a ṣe ń kàwé, Ransome-Kuti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ṣètò àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[literacy|ìkọ̀wé-kàwé]] fún àwọn obìnrin lọ́jà nípasẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà, ó sì padà ní òye tí ó jinlẹ̀ nípa àìdọ́gba àwùjọ àti òṣèlú tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn obìnrin Nàìjíríà ń dojúkọ.<ref name=":3" /> Ní kíkọ̀wé nípa àwọn òmìnira tí ó rí gbà nítorí ibi tí ó ti wá tí ó ní àǹfààní, Ransome-Kuti sọ pé "ipo tòótọ́ ti àwọn obìnrin Nàìjíríà ni a ní láti wò láti ara "àwọn obìnrin tí wọ́n pọ́n ọmọ sí ẹ̀yìn tí wọ́n sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ oko láti òwúrọ̀ kùtùkùtù títí di alẹ́ ... kìí ṣe àwọn obìnrin tí wọ́n ń lo tíì, ṣúgà, àti ìyẹ̀fun fún oúnjẹ àárọ̀".<ref name=":11" />{{Rp|174}} Ní 1944 ó ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ [[Political campaign|ìpolongo]] kan tí ó ṣàṣeyọrí láti dènà àwọn aláṣẹ ìbílẹ̀ láti gba ìrẹsì lọ́wọ́ àwọn obìnrin lọ́jà lábẹ́ ẹ̀tàn.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=International encyclopedia of women's suffrage|date=2000|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1-57607-390-4|editor-last=Hannam|editor-first=June|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/internationalenc0000hann/page/251 251–253]|chapter=Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo|oclc=44860746|editor-last2=Auchterlonie|editor-first2=Mitzi|editor-last3=Holden|editor-first3=Katherine|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc0000hann/page/251}}</ref> Ní 1946, wọ́n yí orúkọ ẹgbẹ́ náà padà sí [[Abeokuta Women's Union]] (AWU), tí ó wá wà ní sílẹ̀ fún gbogbo obìnrin ní [[Abeokuta]]. Ètò náà wá darí àkíyèsí rẹ̀ sí bíbá ìṣàkóso iye owó àti owó-orí tí kò tọ́ tí wọ́n gbé ka àwọn obìnrin lọ́jà jà, pẹ̀lú Ransome-Kuti gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààrẹ AWU.<ref name=":0" /> Ó dá ẹgbẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Grace Eniola Soyinka]]<ref name="monuments">{{Cite web|url=http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/pdfs/glendora%20review/vol2no2/graa002002007.pdf|title=Monuments and metamorphosis|last=Adeniyi|first=Dapo|work=African Quarterly on the Arts Vol. 2, No. 2|access-date=11 July 2009|archive-date=31 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131190258/http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/pdfs/glendora%20review/vol2no2/graa002002007.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> (ọmọ-ẹ̀gbọ́n ọkọ rẹ̀ àti ìyá [[Nobel Prize|Eléèbùn Nobel]] [[Wole Soyinka]]),<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Gibbs|first=James|date=1988|title=Biography into Autobiography: Wole Soyinka and the Relatives Who Inhabit 'Ake'|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/160896|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=26|issue=3|page=519|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00011757|jstor=160896|s2cid=155053358 |issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|157}} AWU sì dàgbà díẹ̀díẹ̀ láti ṣojú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ 20,000, pẹ̀lú àwọn olùfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ mìíràn tí ó tó 100,000.<ref name=":13">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HwqQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA282|title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2016|isbn=978-1-442-2629-35|editor-last=Sheldon|editor-first=Kathleen|page=14|chapter=Abeokuta Women's Union}}</ref> Nínú ìgbìyànjú láti so àwọn obìnrin pọ̀ àti láti yẹra fún [[class conflict|aáwọ̀ kíláàsì]], Ransome-Kuti àti àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn tí wọ́n kàwé sọ Yorùbá wọ́n sì wọ aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá sí àwọn ìpàdé ẹgbẹ́ àti àwọn ayẹyẹ.<ref name=":8" /> [[File:Alake's Palace, Abeokuta, Ogun.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ààfin Aláké ní Abẹ́òkúta.]] [[Political activity|Ìgbòkègbodò òṣèlú]] àkọ́kọ́ tí ó sọ Ransome-Kuti di ìlúmọ̀ọ́ká wáyé nígbà tí ó darí AWU nínú ìfẹ̀hónú-hàn lòdì sí owó-orí lórí àwọn obìnrin. Ní Abẹ́òkúta, lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ̀ àwọn owó-orí déédé fún owó-wiwọle àti omi, wọ́n tún fipá mú àwọn obìnrin lọ́jà láti san owó-orí pàtàkì kan tí ó ń lọ tààrà sí ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn alábojútó ọjà tàbí "parakoyi".<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|78}} [[Alake of Egba (title)|Aláké]] [[Ladapo Ademola|Ademola II]], olórí ìbílẹ̀ ti Abẹ́òkúta tí ó wá di apá kan ìṣàkóso amúnisìn nípasẹ̀ [[indirect rule|ìṣàkóso abẹ́lé]], ti gbé owó-orí ka àwọn obìnrin lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dá Egba Native Administration sílẹ̀ ní 1914. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹ̀bẹ̀ sí àwọn aláṣẹ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti yọ Aláké kúrò lórí oyè kí wọ́n sì dá owó-orí náà dúró kùnà, Ransome-Kuti àti AWU bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní kàn sí àwọn ìwé-ìròyìn àti láti pín ìwé-ẹ̀bẹ̀.<ref name=":8" /> Pẹ̀lú èrò láti fi ipá mú àwọn aláṣẹ, àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ AWU kọ̀ ní gbangba láti san owó-orí wọn, wọ́n dúró pẹ́ ní ẹ̀yìn odi ààfin Aláké, wọ́n sì ṣètò àyẹ̀wò ìwé-owó Sole Native Authority System (SNA). Pẹ̀lú èrò wọn láti fòpin sí owó-orí lórí àwọn obìnrin, wọ́n béèrè fún aṣojú fún àwọn obìnrin lórí ìgbìmọ̀ aláṣẹ SNA.<ref name=":3" /> Ní ìparí 1947, àwọn aláṣẹ Abẹ́òkúta bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní dènà àwọn obìnrin láti ṣètò ìwọ́de tàbí ìfẹ̀hónú-hàn, nípa kíkọ̀ láti fún wọn ní àwọn ìwé-àṣẹ tí ó yẹ. Láìbẹ̀rù, Ransome-Kuti àti àwọn alájùmọ̀ṣètò rẹ̀ kéde pé àwọn ń gbèrò "picnics" àti "àwọn ayẹyẹ" dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, tí wọ́n sì fa àwọn olùkópa tó 10,000 sí àwọn ìfẹ̀hónú-hàn wọn – díẹ̀ nínú èyí tí ó kan aáwọ̀ pẹ̀lú ọlọ́pàá.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|81}} Ransome-Kuti kọ́ àwọn obìnrin ní bí a ṣe ń kojú [[tear gas|ògùn-afòójú]] [[Canister shot|canisters]] tí wọ́n máa ń sọ sí wọn nígbà mìíràn, AWU sì lo owó ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ láti sanwó fún agbẹjọ́rò fún àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n mú.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|81}} Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn kan ṣe sọ, nígbà tí ẹ̀ṣọ́ agbègbè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì kan pariwo mọ́ Ransome-Kuti pé kí ó pa àwọn obìnrin rẹ̀ lẹ́nu mọ́, ó fèsì pé "Wọ́n lè bí ọ, ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò tọ́ ọ! Ṣé o lè bá ìyá rẹ sọ̀rọ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀?"<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|84}} ''[[West African Pilot]]'' ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Kìnìún Lisabi".<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|77}} Aáwọ̀ láàárín àwọn olùfẹ̀hónú-hàn AWU àti àwọn aláṣẹ dé òtéńté ní Oṣù Kejì 1948 nígbà tí Aláké fi àwọn obìnrin AWU wé "paramọ́lẹ̀ tí a kò lè tushẹ" ó sì dènà Ransome-Kuti láti wọ ààfin fún àwọn ìpàdé òṣèlú. Lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ AWU dènà ẹnu-ọ̀nà ààfin wọ́n sì kọ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ẹ̀ṣọ́ agbègbè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ó wá sàbẹ̀wò jáde. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà parí pẹ̀lú gbolí-gbolí nígbà tí Ransome-Kuti di kẹ̀kẹ́-ìtukọ̀ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ẹ̀ṣọ́ agbègbè náà mú tí ó sì kọ̀ láti fi sílẹ̀ "títí tí ó fi gba ọwọ́ rẹ̀ kúrò".<ref name="Cheryl" />{{rp|85}} Àánú àwọn ènìyàn pọ̀ sí i ní àtìlẹyìn àwọn obìnrin náà. Ní gbogbo ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ 1948, àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ AWU tẹ̀síwájú láti fẹ̀hónú-hàn lòdì sí [[tax|owó-orí]], ní lílo ìwé-ẹ̀bẹ̀, ìpàdé oníròyìn, lẹ́tà sí àwọn ìwé-ìròyìn, àti ìfẹ̀hónú-hàn. Lẹ́yìn àwọn ìfẹ̀hónú-hàn sí i ní ìparí Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún yẹn, Aláké padà fèsì sí àwọn ibéèrè àwọn obìnrin, ó dá owó-orí lórí àwọn obìnrin dúró ó sì yan ìgbìmọ̀ pàtàkì kan láti wo àwọn ẹ̀hónú AWU.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{rp|86}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ 1949, àwọn ìgbìyànjú AWU yọrí sí ìfi-ipò-sílẹ̀ fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ti Aláké.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":14">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Q8Ix-M8LWcC&pg=PA53|title=Women's History in Global Perspective, Volumes 2–3|last=Smith|first=Bonnie G.|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-252-0299-05|page=53}}</ref> Àwọn ìwé-ìròyìn káàkiri Nàìjíríà tẹ ìtàn nípa ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà jáde, iṣẹ́ Ransome-Kuti pẹ̀lú AWU sì di mímọ̀ káàkiri.<ref name=":3" /> === Iṣẹ́ ti orílẹ̀-èdè === Ní 1947, ẹgbẹ́ [[National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons]] (NCNC) rán ikọ̀ kan sí [[London]], England, láti fẹ̀hónú-hàn lórí òfin Nàìjíríà tí a dámọ̀ràn. Ransome-Kuti ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo nínú ikọ̀ náà.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&pg=RA2-PA341|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History|last=Johnson-Odim|first=Cheryl|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514890-9|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Bonnie G.|volume=1|pages=51|language=en|chapter=Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo}}</ref> Nígbà tí ó wà ní London, Ransome-Kuti sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ obìnrin Nàìjíríà ní [[London]] Women's Parliamentary Committee, [[National Federation of Women’s Institutes]], àti àwọn àjọ mìíràn. Ó tún dá rògbòdìyàn sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ó kọ àpilẹ̀kọ kan fún ''[[Daily Worker (UK newspaper)|Daily Worker]]'' tí ó sọ pé ìjọba amúnisìn ti "tẹ àwọn obìnrin Nàìjíríà lórí ba" jakujaku nínú òṣèlú àti ọrọ̀-ajé.<ref name=":3" /> Nígbà tí wọ́n ṣe àpéjọ Western Provinces kan ní Nàìjíríà ní 1949 láti jíròrò òfin orílẹ̀-èdè tuntun, Ransome-Kuti ṣojú Abẹ́òkúta, òun sì tún ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó kópa nínú àwọn ìjíròrò náà. Ó sọ̀rọ̀ gidigidi fún àfikún ẹ̀tọ́ ìdìbò àwọn obìnrin àti lòdì sí dídá ètò ìdìbò ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì sílẹ̀.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|79}} Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 1949, Ransome-Kuti dámọ̀ràn dídá Nigerian Women's Union (NWU) sílẹ̀ láti lè ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn obìnrin àti ẹ̀tọ́ ìdìbò dáradára síi káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè náà. AWU ṣe àtìlẹyìn fún àbá rẹ̀, àjọ náà sì di ẹ̀ka Abẹ́òkúta ti NWU.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|94}} Ní àwọn ọdún tí ó tẹ̀lé e, Ransome-Kuti rin ìrìn-àjò káàkiri láti ṣèrànwọ́ láti dá àwọn ẹ̀ka NWU sílẹ̀ ní àwọn ìlú àti ìlú ńlá káàkiri Nàìjíríà. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààrẹ NWU àti ẹgbẹ́ ìlú rẹ̀ ní Abẹ́òkúta. NWU lépa àwọn góńgó ti rírí ẹ̀tọ́ ìdìbò fún àwọn obìnrin, pípa àwọn kọ́lẹ́jì ìdìbò run, àti ṣíṣe àtìlẹyìn fún aṣojú àwọn obìnrin tí ó dọ́gba nínú òṣèlú.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|100–101}} Ransome-Kuti jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára olùdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ NCNC, àti ní 1951 ó díje gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje NCNC fún ilé-ìgbìmọ̀ agbègbè ṣùgbọ́n kò wọlé,<ref name=":0" /> ní apá kan nítorí pé ìbéèrè owó-orí pàtàkì kan fún àwọn olùdìbò túmọ̀ sí pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olùfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ rẹ̀ – pàápàá àwọn obìnrin – kò tóótun láti kópa.<ref name=":8" /> Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akápò fún NCNC Western Working Committee àti nígbà tó yá Ààrẹ fún NCNC Women's Organization ní Agbègbè Ìwọ̀-oòrùn.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|publisher=Africa Research & Publications|year=2004|isbn=1-59221-209-3}}</ref>{{rp|402}} Ní 1953, Ransome-Kuti ṣètò àpéjọ kan ní Abẹ́òkúta láti jíròrò ẹ̀tọ́ ìdìbò àwọn obìnrin àti aṣojú òṣèlú, àwọn aṣojú obìnrin 400 sì wà níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ọlọ́jọ́ méjì náà. Àwọn olùkópa náà dá Federation of Nigerian Women's Societies (FNWS) sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà.<ref name=":4" /> FNWS polongo fún kíkó àwọn obìnrin mọ́ra nínú òṣèlú, àwọn àǹfààní ẹ̀kọ́ tí ó sunwọ̀n síi, àti dídá àwọn iṣẹ́ àwùjọ tuntun àti ìtọ́jú ìlera sílẹ̀.<ref name=":8" /> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1950, Ransome-Kuti jẹ́ ẹni tí a yàn sí [[Houses of Chiefs (Nigeria)|Western House of Chiefs]],<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Attoe|first1=Stella|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gtHAQAAIAAJ&q=ransome|title=Margaret Ekpo: lioness in Nigerian politics|last2=Jaja|first2=S. O.|date=1993|publisher=ALF Publications|isbn=978-978-32319-1-7|pages=25|language=en}}</ref> tí ó gba [[Nigerian Chieftaincy|oyè ìjòyè]]<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/447|title=The Northeastern dictionary of women's biography|date=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|others=Uglow, Jennifer S., Hinton, Frances., Hendry, Maggy.|isbn=1-55553-421-X|edition=3rd|location=Boston|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/447 447]|chapter=Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo|oclc=41165272}}</ref> ti ''[[Oloye]]'' àwọn ènìyàn Yorùbá àti [[subsidiary title|oyè abẹ́lé]] ti ''Beere''.<ref> {{citeweb|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/1/the-lioness-of-lisabi-who-ended-unfair-taxes-for-nigerian-women|website=aljazeera.com|author=Tayo Agunbiade|title=Remembering Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti: Nigeria's 'Lioness of Lisabi'|accessdate=July 14, 2025}} </ref> Òun ni obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ tí a yàn sí Western House<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kinni|first=Fongot Kini-Yen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54WoCgAAQBAJ|title=Pan-Africanism: Political Philosophy and Socio-Economic Anthropology for African Liberation and Governance|publisher=Langaa RPCIG|year=2015|isbn=978-9956-762-65-1|pages=803|chapter=Gender Consciousness and Pro-Agency: Black Women Feminist Suffragettes and Civil Rights Activists in The U.S.A. and The Spread of Pan-Africanism|doi=10.2307/j.ctvh9vw4r.9 |jstor=j.ctvh9vw4r.9}}</ref> àti ọ̀kan lára àwọn obìnrin díẹ̀ tí wọ́n ní ipò ní èyíkéyìí Ilé Àwọn Olóyè ti Nàìjíríà ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oluyemi|first=Oloyede|date=2016|title=Monitoring Participation of Women in Politics in Nigeria|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/Finland_Oct2016/Documents/Nigeria_paper.pdf|access-date=15 June 2020|website=United Nations Statistics|page=5}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/news/google-celebrates-funmilayo-ransome-kutis-119th-birthday-with-a-doodle/|title=Google celebrates Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti's 119th birthday with a doodle|last=Daniel|first=Eniola|date=25 October 2019|website=guardian.ng|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ fún Nigerian Union of Teachers.<ref name=":8" /> === Ìfòfindè ìrìn-àjò àti òmìnira === Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹrin 1955, Israel Ransome-Kuti kú nítorí [[prostate cancer|àrùn jẹjẹrẹ pirositeeti]] lẹ́yìn àìsàn ọlọ́jọ́ pípẹ́. Ikú ọkọ rẹ̀ dun Funmilayo gidigidi, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti bá ìbéèrè jà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún nípa bóyá kí ó fi iṣẹ́ òṣèlú rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ láti lo àkókò púpọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú rẹ̀.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|155–157}} Ní àwọn ẹ̀wádún méjì tí ó tẹ̀lé e, lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèlú rẹ̀, Ransome-Kuti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ná àkókò àti owó láti dá àwọn ilé-ìwé tuntun sílẹ̀ káàkiri Abẹ́òkúta – iṣẹ́ kan tí ó wá láti inú ìgbàgbọ́ jíjinlẹ̀ nínú pàtàkì ẹ̀kọ́ àti ìkọ̀wé-kàwé tí òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ ti pín.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|158–159}} Ransome-Kuti tẹ̀síwájú láti rin ìrìn-àjò káàkiri. Ní orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà, ó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ tó lágbára pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ obìnrin Algeria, Egypt, àti Ghana,<ref name=":3" /> àti pé àwọn ìbẹ̀wò rẹ̀ sí òkè-òkun pẹ̀lú ìrìn-àjò sí England, China, [[the Soviet Union]], Switzerland, Austria, [[Czechoslovakia]], àti Poland.<ref name=":9" /> Ní ìbẹ̀wò kan sí China ní 1956, Ransome-Kuti ṣe àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní gbangba lórí àwọn obìnrin Nàìjíríà àti àṣà<ref name=":8" /> ó sì pàdé [[Mao Zedong]].<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|56}} Ransome-Kuti gbàgbọ́ nínú àwọn èrò [[Socialism|sóṣíálísítì]],<ref name=":3" /> ó sì pe ara rẹ̀ ní "[[African Socialism|Sóṣíálísítì Áfíríkà]]";<ref name=":8" /> bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò ka ara rẹ̀ sí [[Communism|kọ́múnísítì]], "kò bẹ̀rù tàbí kórìíra kọ́múnísìmù bákan náà".<ref name=":11" />{{Rp|173}} Nítorí pé ó ṣàbẹ̀wò sí China pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó ti [[Women's International Democratic Federation]] (WIDF), síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, Ransome-Kuti fa àkíyèsí àwọn aláṣẹ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí wọ́n bẹ̀rù pé WIDF ti gbà á wọlé láti tan àwọn èrò kọ́múnísítì kálẹ̀. Wọ́n kọ̀ láti sọ ìwé-ìrìn-àjò rẹ̀ di tuntun ní ọdún tí ó tẹ̀lé e.<ref name=":3" />{{rp|151–152}} Ní 1958, nígbà tí wọ́n pe Ransome-Kuti láti wá sí àpéjọ ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn obìnrin ní Amẹ́ríkà, wọ́n kọ̀ láti fún un ní fíísà Amẹ́ríkà nítorí àwọn aláṣẹ rò pé "ó ní àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ Kọ́múnísítì púpọ̀ jù".<ref name=":9" /> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Ransome-Kuti rí àtìlẹyìn gbà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ pàtàkì tí ó sì kọ lẹ́tà ìfẹ̀hónú-hàn sí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba, tí ó tilẹ̀ ṣe ìpàdé oníròyìn láti kéde pé òun kìí ṣe kọ́múnísítì, wọ́n kọ etí ikún sí àwọn ìfẹ̀hónú-hàn rẹ̀. Títí tí Nàìjíríà fi gba òmìnira ní 1960 ni wọ́n tó sọ ìwé-ìrìn-àjò Ransome-Kuti di tuntun.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Expanding the boundaries of women's history : essays on women in the Third World|last=Johnson-Odim|first=Cheryl|date=1992|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-33097-1|editor-last=Johnson-Odim|editor-first=Cheryl|pages=[https://archive.org/details/expandingboundar0000john/page/144 144–157]|chapter=On Behalf of Women and the Nation: Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and the Struggles for Nigerian Independence|oclc=24912498|editor-last2=Strobel|editor-first2=Margaret|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/expandingboundar0000john/page/144}}</ref>{{rp|151–152}} [[File:Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.gif|alt=Image of Ransome-Kuti shaking hands with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the first Prime Minister of Nigeria|thumb|Ransome-Kuti (òsì) ń kí [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Alákòóso Àgbà àkọ́kọ́ ti Nàìjíríà]] Ní 1959, nígbà tí wọ́n kọ̀ láti fún Ransome-Kuti ní àǹfààní kejì láti díje gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje NCNC, ó díje gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje dáwà dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìpolongo rẹ̀ pín ìbò náà ó sì ran alátakò NCNC lọ́wọ́ láti gba ipò náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, ẹgbẹ́ náà fagilé jíjẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Ransome-Kuti.<ref name=":0" /> Ó tẹ̀síwájú láti dá ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú kan sílẹ̀, Commoners' People's Party, ṣùgbọ́n ẹgbẹ́ náà kùnà láti gbilẹ̀, ó sì túká lẹ́yìn ọdún kan péré.<ref name=":3" /> Ní àkókò yìí, àwọn alátakò òṣèlú Ransome-Kuti dá [[National Council of Women's Societies]] sílẹ̀ nínú ìgbìyànjú láti rọ́pò FNWS.<ref name=":8" /> Lẹ́yìn [[Nigerian Independence|òmìnira ní 1960]], Nàìjíríà ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ẹ̀tọ́ ìdìbò fún gbogbo àgbàlagbà fún àwọn ọkùnrin àti obìnrin nípasẹ̀ òfin tuntun rẹ̀. Agbègbè Àríwá Nàìjíríà, èyí tí ó jẹ́ agbègbè Mùsùlùmí ní pàtàkì, kò mú ẹ̀tọ́ ìdìbò fún àwọn obìnrin ṣẹ lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ (bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n padà fún àwọn obìnrin ní ẹ̀tọ́ ìdìbò ní agbègbè náà nípasẹ̀ àṣẹ ológun ní 1976).<ref name=":4" />[[File:Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti graduate.png|thumb|Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] Àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ti òmìnira Nàìjíríà kún fún aáwọ̀ òṣèlú láàárín àwọn olórí àti àwọn aṣojú. Nígbà tí [[1966 Nigerian coup d'état|ìfipágbajọba ológun ti 1966]] mú ìyípadà agbára wá, Ransome-Kuti nímọ̀lára pé èyí jẹ́ ìgbésẹ̀ rere àti èyí tí ó pọn dandan fún orílẹ̀-èdè náà, ṣùgbọ́n ó dẹ́bi fún ìwà-ipá tí ó tẹ̀lé e lẹ́yìn [[1966 Nigerian counter-coup|ìfipágbajọba-padà]] ní ọdún kannáà.<ref name=":8" /> Ó kópa nínú [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]] (WILPF), ó sì jẹ́ ààrẹ fún ẹ̀ka [[Nigerians|Nàìjíríà]] ti àjọ náà láti 1963.<ref name=":8" /> Ní 1965, Ransome-Kuti gba oyè orílẹ̀-èdè ti jíjẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ nínú [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Nigeria|Order of the Niger]]. [[University of Ibadan]] fún un ní [[honorary doctorate|oyè ọ̀mọ̀wé ẹ̀yẹ]] nínú ìmọ̀ òfin ní 1968,<ref name=":3" />{{rp|155}} ó sì gba [[Lenin Peace Prize]] ní 1970.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/11/fela-kuti-great-dynasties-ian-sansom|title=Great Dynasties: The Ransome-Kutis|last=Sansom|first=Ian|date=11 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Johnson-Odim|first=Cheryl|date=January–February 2009|title='For their freedoms': The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_womens-studies-international-forum_january-february-2009_32_1/page/58|journal=[[Women's Studies International Forum]]|publisher=Elsevier|volume=32|issue=1|page=58|doi=10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004}}</ref> Ní 1969, wọ́n yan Ransome-Kuti gẹ́gẹ́ bí alága Ìgbìmọ̀ Olùdámọ̀ràn lórí Ẹ̀kọ́ láti ọwọ́ ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Nàìjíríà, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdámọ̀ràn fún [[Federal Ministry of Education (Nigeria)|Federal Ministry of Education]] lórí gbígba àwọn olùkọ́ láti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn.<ref name=":8" /> Pẹ̀lú ìmísí láti ọ̀dọ̀ ọmọ rẹ̀ [[Fela Kuti|Fela]], ẹni tí ó ti yí orúkọ ẹbí rẹ̀ padà láti fi hàn pé òun ti kọ àwọn ipa amúnisìn Yúróòpù sílẹ̀, Ransome-Kuti yí orúkọ ẹbí rẹ̀ padà lọ́nà tí kò ṣe ìbátànpé sí "Anikulapo-Kuti" ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1970. Orúkọ "[[Anikulapo]]" jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀ Yorùbá ó sì le túmọ̀ sí "ọdẹ tí ó gbé ikú sínú àpò" tàbí "ológun tí ó gbé ààbò tó lágbára dání".<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|168}} ==Ikú== Ní àwọn ọdún ìkẹyìn ìgbésí ayé Anikulapo-Kuti, ọmọ rẹ̀ Fela, olórin àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́, di gbajúmọ̀ fún ìríwísí gbígbóná rẹ̀ sí àwọn ìjọba ológun Nàìjíríà. Wọ́n ti mú Fela wọ́n sì sọ ọ́ sẹ́wọ̀n fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1970, àwọn aláṣẹ sì ti kọlu ilé rẹ̀ àti àwọn ohun-ìní rẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà. Láti fi ìkórìíra rẹ̀ hàn sí àṣẹ Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà, ó sọ ilé rẹ̀ ní "[[Kalakuta Republic]]"<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|168}} ó sì sọ ọ́ di [[Intentional community|agbègbè]] níbi tí àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ àti olùfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ti lè péjọ kí wọ́n sì lo àkókò láìsí ìbẹ̀rù àwọn aláṣẹ ológun.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/fela-kuti-celebrated-sang-180713174824360.html|title=How Fela Kuti came to be celebrated by those he sang against|last=Olarewaju|first=Demola|date=15 July 2018|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 1974, ọlọ́pàá Nàìjíríà kọlu ilé-ijó rẹ̀ ní ìlú pẹ̀lú àáké àti ògùn-afòójú, tí wọ́n sì fi Fela sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ọgbẹ́.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/18/arts/music/armys-no-fan-but-singer-has-an-army-of-fans.html|title=Army's No Fan, but Singer Has an Army of Fans|last=Brooke|first=James|date=18 November 1988|work=The New York Times|access-date=29 December 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Ní 1976, Fela gbé àwo-orin kan jáde tí ó pè ní ''Zombie'', nínú èyí tí ó fi àwọn ọmọ-ogun wé ẹ̀rọ tí kò ní ọpọlọ,<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/jul/25/popandrock.worldmusic|title=He was in a godlike state|last=Hannaford|first=Alex|date=25 July 2007|work=The Guardian|access-date=29 December 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sì gbàgbọ́ pé àwo-orin yìí ni ó fa ìforígbárí tí ó kẹ́yìn láàárín Fela àti ìjọba.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> Anikulapo-Kuti máa ń ṣàbẹ̀wò sí ọmọ rẹ̀ ní ilé rẹ̀, ó sì wà níbẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kejì, 1977, nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó 1,000 tí wọ́n hámọ́ra yí ilé náà ká tí wọ́n sì kọlù ú.<ref name="lioness-lisabi" /> Bí àwọn ọmọ-ogun náà ṣe wọlé ni wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní pa dúkìá run wọ́n sì ń lu àwọn olùgbé ibẹ̀. Wọ́n lu Fela àti Bekolari wọ́n sì fura pa wọ́n gidigidi.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|168–169}} Wọ́n ju Anikulapo-Kuti láti fèrèsé ilé lókè.<ref name=":0" /> Lẹ́yìn ìkọlù náà, wọ́n gbé e lọ sí ilé-ìwòsàn, nígbà tí ó yá ó wọnú ipò hôn mê (coma). Ó kú ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹrin 1978 gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ọgbẹ́ rẹ̀.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{rp|169–170}} Wọ́n sin òkú Anikulapo-Kuti sí Abẹ́òkúta nínú ibojì kan náà pẹ̀lú ọkọ rẹ̀. Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn ló wá sí ibi ìsìnkú rẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn obìnrin lọ́jà àti àwọn oníṣòwò sì ti ṣọ́ọ̀bù àti ọjà wọn pa káàkiri ìlú láti ṣàmì ikú rẹ̀.<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|171}} Àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìròyìn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà tẹ [[Eulogy|oríkì]] jáde, tí wọ́n sì pe ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ náà ní "[[revolutionary|olùyípadà]] onítẹ̀síwájú" àti "aríran [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African]]".<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|170}} Ní ọjọ́ àjọyọ̀ ọdún kan tí Anikulapo-Kuti kú,<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|171}} Fela gbé pósí kan ó sì rin ìrìn-àjò tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó kìlómítà 20 sí [[Dodan Barracks]] ní Èkó (nígbà náà Olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ Ológun Gíga ti Nàìjíríà), ó sì fi pósí náà sílẹ̀ ní ẹnu-ọ̀nà láti fi dójú ti ìjọba.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name="State">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57C0d-Nl830C&pg=PA261|page=261|title=Culture + the State: Nationalisms (Critical Works from the Proceedings of the 2003 Conference at the University of Alberta)|volume=3|author1=Gabrielle Eva Marie Zezulka-Mailloux|author2=James Gifford|publisher=CRC Studio|year=2003|isbn=978-1-551-9514-92}}</ref> Ìkọlù náà, ikú rẹ̀, àti gbigbe pósí náà jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n ṣe àlàyé rẹ̀ nínú orin rẹ̀ "Coffin for Head of State".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/21-years-after-why-is-fela-remembered/|title=21 Years After, Why Is Fela Remembered?|date=2 August 2018|website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> == Ogún == Olùkọ̀tàn [[Cheryl Johnson-Odim]], ṣàkíyèsí pé orúkọ Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti ṣì gbajúmọ̀ káàkiri Nàìjíríà àti pé "kò sí obìnrin Nàìjíríà mìíràn ní àkókò rẹ̀ tí ó ní ipò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni pàtàkì ní orílẹ̀-èdè tàbí tí ó ní ìfihàn àti ìbáṣepọ̀ kárí-ayé [tó bẹ́ẹ̀]".<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|144}} Ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ Nàìjíríà [[Gambo Sawaba|Hajiya Gambo]] àti olóṣèlú [[Margaret Ekpo]] méjèèjì dárúkọ Ransome-Kuti gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ó ní ipa ńlá lórí iṣẹ́ wọn,<ref name="Cheryl" />{{Rp|174}} àti [[Feminist literature|òǹkọ̀wé abo]] Nàìjíríà-Gẹ̀ẹ́sì [[Amina Mama]] ti tọ́ka sí ìjàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ Ransome-Kuti gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí ó ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àwọn ìgbàgbọ́ àti ìwòye ara rẹ̀.<ref name=":11">{{Cite book|last=Mayer|first=Adam|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1ddr6f8|title=Naija Marxisms: Revolutionary Thought in Nigeria|date=2016|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=978-0-7453-3657-2|pages=172–176|chapter=Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1ddr6f8 |jstor=j.ctt1ddr6f8}}</ref> Olóṣèlú Ghana [[Kwame Nkrumah]] (ẹni tí ó padà di Alákòóso Àgbà àkọ́kọ́ ti Ghana) gba ìmísí púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Ransome-Kuti nínú ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ètò Ghana Women's Association.<ref name=":9" /> Ní 2012, ìjọba Nàìjíríà dámọ̀ràn fífi àwòrán Ransome-Kuti sí orí owó N5000 tuntun. Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún yẹn, ọmọ-ọmọ Ransome-Kuti, olórin [[Seun Kuti]], sọ fún àwọn oníròyìn pé òun rí àbá náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ẹ̀rín", ní wíwo ipa tí ìjọba kó nínú ikú ìyá-nlá rẹ̀.<ref name=":1" /> Kuti sọ pé ẹbí òun kò tí ì gba àforíjìn kankan fún ìkọlù lórí ilé wọn, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìjọba tí ó sọ pé "ẹgbẹ̀rún kan ọmọ-ogun tí a kò mọ̀" ló kọlu Ransome-Kuti.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2012/08/31/apologise-for-killing-my-grandmum-before-putting-her-face-on-naira-seun-kuti-tells-fg/|title=Apologise for killing my grandmum before putting her face on naira, Seun Kuti tells FG|date=31 August 2012|website=Channels Television|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> Wọ́n ṣe ẹ̀dá Ransome-Kuti nínú sinimá ọdún 2014 ''[[October 1 (film)|October 1]]'' láti ọwọ́ òṣèré [[Deola Sagoe]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/08/late-funmilayo-ransom-kuti-resurrects-in-new-movie-october-1/|title=Late Funmilayo Ransome Kuti resurrects in new movie…'1 October'|last=Mgolu|first=Charles|date=13 August 2013|work=The Vanguard|access-date=13 May 2017}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹdọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá 2019, wọ́n bu ọlá fún Ransome-Kuti lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Google Doodle]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/359508-google-celebrates-funmilayo-ransome-kutis-on-posthumous-birthday.html|title=Google celebrates Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti's on posthumous birthday|author=Jayne Augoye|date=25 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|work=Premium Times}}</ref> tí ayàwòrán Nàìjíríà-Italy [[Diana Ejaita]] ṣẹ̀dá.<ref name=":7" /> Ní 2022, [[Bolanle Austen-Peters]] darí sinimá ìgbésí ayé kan, ''[[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (film)|Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]]'', èyí tí ó sọ ìtàn Funmilayo; láti àwọn ọjọ́ aṣáájú rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akẹ́kọ̀ọ́bìnrin àkọ́kọ́ ní [[Abeokuta Grammar School]] títí dé ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Israel Ransome-Kuti.<ref name=":15" /> Sinimá náà gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ fún Sinimá Tí Ó Dára Jùlọ àti Ìwé-ìtàn Sinimá Tí Ó Dára Jùlọ níbi 2023 [[Africa International Film Festival]].<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> Ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn gbajúmọ̀ òṣèré bíi [[Joke Silva]], [[Kehinde Bankole]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jide Kosoko]], àti [[Dele Odule]].<ref name=":12" /> Ní ọjọ́ kვიtadilogun Oṣù Karùn-ún 2024, [[Tunde Babalola]] kọ eré-oníṣe kan tí wọ́n tún pè ní ''Funmilayo Ransome -Kuti''. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí sinimá 2022, ó ṣe àpèjúwe ìgbésí ayé Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọdún rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Abeokuta Grammar School àti títẹ̀síwájú dé ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Israel Ransome-Kuti. Papọ̀, wọ́n kojú àìṣedéédé nípa dídá [[Abeokuta]] Women's Union sílẹ̀, èyí tí ó yọrí sí ìforígbárí oníwà-ipá pẹ̀lú àwọn olórí ìbílẹ̀ àti amúnisìn tí wọ́n lòdì sí lílépa wọn fún ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìdọ́gba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nathaniel |first=Kome |date=21 June 2024 |title='Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti' with Joke Silva, Kehinde Bankole now streaming on Prime Video |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/biopic-about-activist-funmilayo-ransome-kuti-now-streaming-on-prime-video/dswh52k |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Wo eléyìí náà == * [[List of suffragists and suffragettes|Àtòjọ àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdìbò àti àwọn obìnrin ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdìbò]] ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} == Àwọn ìwé àkàsíwájú == Byfield, Judith A. (2003). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40338582 "Taxation, Women, and the Colonial State: Egba Women's Tax Revolt"]. ''Meridians'' '''3''' (2). {{jstor|40338582}} ==Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ìta== {{sisterlinks|d=Q226122|c=Category:Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/publications/frk_en.pdf ''Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and the Women's Union of Abeokuta'']. Illustrations by Alaba Onajin, script and text by Obioma Ofoego, UNESCO, 2014 *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NUQ7uHJas4 Silent film of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and other Nigerian chiefs in London, England] on YouTube {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ransome-Kuti, Funmilayo}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí 1900]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí 1978]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn Saro]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olóṣèlú láti Abẹ́òkúta]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ́ obìnrin Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ́ obìnrin Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ́ Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ obìnrin Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ẹ̀tọ́ obìnrin Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ obìnrin Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ikú nípa jíju ènìyàn sílẹ̀ láti fèrèsé]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ẹbí Ransome-Kuti]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀rúndún 20]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn abo-fẹ́gbẹ́ Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùgbà Lenin Peace Prize]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ọlọ́lá Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ọlọ́lá Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Order of the Niger]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdìbò Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn láti Nàìjíríà amúnisìn]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ́ ilé-ìwé Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìwà-ipá sí àwọn obìnrin ní Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn obìnrin Yorùbá nínú òṣèlú]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìtàn àwọn obìnrin ní Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olóṣèlú obìnrin Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀rúndún 20]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìtàn Abẹ́òkúta]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ́ Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀rúndún 20]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn obìnrin Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀rúndún 20]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùdásílẹ̀ àwọn ilé-ìwé àti kọ́lẹ́jì Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn sóṣíálísítì Kristiani Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn abo-fẹ́gbẹ́ sóṣíálísítì]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ́ obìnrin ní ọ̀rúndún 20]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn tí ó kàwé ní Abeokuta Grammar School]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn Women's International Democratic Federation]] 5s74yjlfbp9v805umevmgy0q7xhp48s Fish Oil (Òróró Ẹja) 0 73064 632019 604735 2026-08-19T15:21:23Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632019 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2023 Tran Mollers.jpg|thumb|Fish Oil]]{{short description|Oil derived from the tissues of oily fish}} {{For|Omegaven|Fish oil (medical use)}} {{See also|Omega-3 acid ethyl esters}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} '''Òróró ẹja''' jẹ́ ìran [[òróró]] kan tí wọ́n ma ń rí láti ara àwọn [[ẹja]] tí wọ́n lọ́ràá. Òróró ẹja yí ma ń ní àwọn èròjà aṣaralóore Fl[[omega-3]] tí ó ma ma ń fún ara ní ọ̀rá tí ó péye. Lára àwọn aṣaralóore yí ni [[eicosapentaenoic acid]] (EPA) à, [[docosahexaenoic acid]] (DHA) àti [[eicosanoid]]s tí ó tyn jẹ́ èròjà kannpàtàkì tí ó ma ń mú àdínkù bá [[àrùn jẹjẹrẹ]] nínú àgọ́ ara ọmọ [[ènìyàn]] tí ó sì tún ma ń dẹ́kun àwọn ohun tí wọ́n ma ń rú jẹjẹrẹ sókè ní àgọ́ ara, bákan náà ni ó ma ń mú àlékún bá èròjà [[hypertriglyceridemia]] nínú ara.<ref>{{cite journal |pages=402–10 |doi=10.1080/10408390701424303 |title=Advances in Dietary Enrichment with N-3 Fatty Acids |year=2008 |last1=Moghadasian |first1=Mohammed H. |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |volume=48 |issue=5 |pmid=18464030|s2cid=41311376 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pages=679–81 |doi=10.1186/ar1876 |year=2006 |last1=Cleland |first1=Leslieg |last2=James |first2=Michaelj |last3=Proudman |first3=Susannam |journal=[[Arthritis Research & Therapy]] |volume=8 |pmid=16542466 |pmc=1526555 |title=Fish oil: What the prescriber needs to know |issue=1}}</ref> Oríṣiríṣi ariyanjiyan ni ó ti wáyé látẹnu àwọn ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ònímọ̀ ìlera lórí ànfaní òróró ẹja nípa ṣíṣe ìwòsàn fún [[àìsàn ọkàn]] . Púpọ̀ nínú wọn ni wọ́n fara mọ wípé òróró ẹja ọlọ́ràá dára fún ìwòsàn àìsàn ìdádúró [[ọkàn]].<ref name="half full"/> Wọ́n ti ṣe ìwádí siwájú si lórí òróró ẹja ọlọ́ràá àti Omega-3 pẹ́lú agbára rẹ̀ láti ṣe ìwòsàn fún ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì [[ọkàn]],<ref name="Su2003">{{cite journal |pages=267–71 |doi=10.1016/S0924-977X(03)00032-4 |title=Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder |year=2003 |last1=Su |first1=Kuan-Pin |last2=Huang |first2=Shih-Yi |last3=Chiu |first3=Chih-Chiang |last4=Shen |first4=Winston W. |journal=European Neuropsychopharmacology |volume=13 |issue=4 |pmid=12888186|s2cid=6025091 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pages=91–99 |doi=10.1080/10284150410001704525 |title=Effects of Fish Oil on the Central Nervous System: A New Potential Antidepressant? |year=2004 |last1=Naliwaiko |first1=K. |last2=Araújo |first2=R.L.F. |last3=Da Fonseca |first3=R.V. |last4=Castilho |first4=J.C. |last5=Andreatini |first5=R. |last6=Bellissimo |first6=M.I. |last7=Oliveira |first7=B.H. |last8=Martins |first8=E.F. |last9=Curi |first9=R. |journal=Nutritional Neuroscience |volume=7 |issue=2 |pmid=15279495 |last10=Fernandes |first10=L.C. |last11=Ferraz |first11=A.C.|s2cid=26213709 }}</ref> [[anxiety|ìbẹ̀rù]],<ref>{{cite journal |pages=107–13 |doi=10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.07.005 |title=Red cell membrane omega-3 fatty acids are decreased in nondepressed patients with social anxiety disorder |year=2006 |last1=Green |first1=Pnina |last2=Hermesh |first2=Haggai |last3=Monselise |first3=Assaf |last4=Marom |first4=Sofi |last5=Presburger |first5=Gadi |last6=Weizman |first6=Abraham |journal=European Neuropsychopharmacology |volume=16 |issue=2 |pmid=16243493|s2cid=31447173 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pages=265–67 |doi=10.1080/10284150500445795 |title=Mixture of essential fatty acids lowers test anxiety |year=2005 |last1=Yehuda |first1=Shlomo |last2=Rabinovitz |first2=Sharon |last3=Mostofsky |first3=David I. |journal=Nutritional Neuroscience |volume=8 |issue=4 |pmid=16491653|s2cid=23455081 }}</ref><ref name="Pp">{{cite journal |pages=477–79 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.477 |title=Addition of Omega-3 Fatty Acid to Maintenance Medication Treatment for Recurrent Unipolar Depressive Disorder |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2002-03_159_3/page/477 |year=2002 |last1=Nemets |first1=B. |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=159 |issue=3 |pmid=11870016 |last2=Stahl |first2=Z |last3=Belmaker |first3=RH}}</ref> [[àrùn jẹjẹrẹ]], àwọn iṣan ara tó ń daaẹ́ sílẹ̀ nínú agọ́ ara, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé wọn kò tí ì wípé fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ wípé òróró sha lè yanjú àwọn ìpèníjà ara tí ati mẹ́nu bá lókè wọ̀nyí. Àwọn ẹja tí wọ́n jẹ́ ẹja ọlọ́ràá tí wọ́n ma ń rí èròjà Omega-3 lára wọn yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ẹja tí a ń sè jẹ, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni àwọn ẹja tí wọ́n ń pèsè èròjà Omega-3 wọ̀nyí ma ń jẹ́ ẹja tó gbé tàbí jẹ irúfẹ́ ẹja tí wọ́n ní [[ọ̀rá]] [[omega-3 fatty acid]]. Àwọn ẹja bíi [[ẹja shark]] [[swordfish]], ẹja [[tilefish]] ati ẹja [[albacore tuna]] ni wọ́n sábà ma ń ní ọ̀rá Omega-3 lára, àmọ́ látàrí ipò àwọn ẹja wọ́nyí nínú ibú [[omi]] wọ́n sábà ma ń jẹ àwọn ẹja míràn tí wọ́n ní [[májèlé]] tí wọ́n pè ní [[biomagnification]] lára nínú [[omi]] látara [[biomagnification]]. Fúndí èyí, àwọn àjọ tí wọ́n ń rí sí ìlera ọmọnìyàn [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] gba gbogbo àwọn [[obìnrin]] àwùjọ tí wọn ṣì ń ṣabiyamọ ní imọ̀ran láti yẹra fún jíjẹ irúfẹ́ àwọn ẹja bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ilẹ̀ [[Amẹ́ríkà]] nítorí àpọ̀jù àwọn májèlé bí mecury tí ó pò ní ara àwọn ẹja tí a ti mẹ́nu bà ṣáájú.<ref name=petsworldtoday>{{cite web|url=https://www.petsworldtoday.in/2020/02/best-fish-to-eat.html|title=Best fish to eat|author=Venus Nandi|date=2020-02-09|access-date=9 February 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Amọ ni nkan bi ọdun 2019, àjọ [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) fọwọ́ sí àwon [[oògùn]] kan bíi '''Lovaza, Omtryg (àti[[omega-3 acid ethyl esters]]), Vascepa ([[ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid]]), pẹ̀lú Epanova ([[omega-3 carboxylic acids]])'''.<ref name="skulas19">{{cite journal |last1=Skulas-Ray |first1=Ann C. |last2=Wilson |first2=Peter W.F. |last3=Harris |first3=William S. |last4=Brinton |first4=Eliot A. |last5=Kris-Etherton |first5=Penny M. |last6=Richter |first6=Chesney K. |last7=Jacobson |first7=Terry A. |last8=Engler |first8=Mary B. |last9=Miller |first9=Michael |last10=Robinson |first10=Jennifer G. |last11=Blum |first11=Conrad B. |last12=Rodriguez-Leyva |first12=Delfin |last13=de Ferranti |first13=Sarah D. |last14=Welty |first14=Francine K. |title=Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association |journal=Circulation |date=2019 |volume=140 |issue=12 |pages=e673–e691 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000709 |pmid=31422671 |display-authors=8|doi-access=free }}</ref> gẹ́gẹ́ bí oògùn àtọwọdá tí ó dára tí wọ́n pèsè gẹ́gẹ́ bí òróró ẹja àgbélẹ̀rọ tí ó sì ní àwọn èròj̀à ásíìdì tí ó wúlò fún ara. ==Àwọn ìtọ́ka sí== {{reflist}} h4ma9xiyj36ll3loxtxrjzi52i1sc6i Flex Alexander 0 73109 632131 568956 2026-08-19T18:33:35Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Flex Alexander|image=<!-- [[Freely licenced]] Flickr images only. NO SCREEN CAPTURES. Please do not put a non-free fair-use image here, it will be deleted - see [[WP:NONFREE]] -->|imagesize=|caption=|birthname=Mark Alexander Knox|birth_date={{birth date and age|1970|4|15}}|birth_place=[[New York City]], U.S.|death_date=|death_place=|occupation=Actor, comedian, dancer|other_names=Flex, Marc "Flex" Knox|years_active=1989&ndash;present|spouse={{marriage|[[Shanice]]|February 14, 2000}}|children=2}}'''Mark Alexander Knox''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ karùndínlógún oṣù kẹrin, ọdún 1970), tí àwọn ènìyàn tún mọ̀ sí '''Flex Alexander''' tàbí '''Flex''', jẹ́ òṣèrékùnrin, apanilẹ́rì-ín, àti oníjó láti [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|orílẹ̀-èdè Amerika]]. Ó bẹ̀ẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lórí ẹ̀rọ amóhùn-máwòrán ní ọdún 2001 sí ọdún 2006. Alexander tún gbé ẹ̀dá-ìtàn oríṣiríṣi wọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù bíi Modern Vampires (1998), The Force (1999), ''Out Cold'' (2001), Book of Love: The Definitive Reason Why Men Are Dogs (2002), ''[[Gas]]'' (2004), ''[[Snakes on a Plane]]'' (2006), àti Trigger (2020). == Ayé rẹ̀ == Alexander, gẹ́gẹ́ bíi àtúnbí fẹ́ olórin [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] kan, tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Shanice Wilson ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù kejì, ọdún 2000.<ref name="people">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20148271,00.html|title=Flex Appeal|last=Dougherty|first=Steve|date=2003-10-06|magazine=People|access-date=2008-08-07}}</ref> Wọ́n jọ bí ọmọ méjì, obìnrin kan, Imani Shekinah Alexander-Knox (tí wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹjọ, ọdún 2001) àti ọmọkùnrin Elijah Alexander-Knox (tí wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kẹta, ọdún 2004). Alexander jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Phi Beta Sigma.<ref>{{cite journal|date=December 2002|title=Celebrities and Their Babies|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ebony_2002-12_58_2/page/42|journal=Ebony|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|volume=58|issue=2|pages=42|issn=0012-9011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=January 2005|title=Ebony On the Scene|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ebony_2005-01_60_3/page/n7|journal=Ebony|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|volume=60|issue=3|pages=18|issn=0012-9011}}</ref> == Àtòjọ àwọn fíìmù àgbéléwò rẹ̀ == === Fíìmù === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Role ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes |- |1992 |''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' |Contest Auditioner | |- |1995 |''[[Money Train]]'' |Hood | |- | rowspan="2" |1997 |''[[City of Industry (film)|City of Industry]]'' |A-Roc | |- |''[[The Sixth Man]]'' |Jerrod Smith | |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |''[[Modern Vampires]]'' |Trigger |TV movie |- |''[[Ice (1998 film)|Ice]]'' |Kelvin |TV movie |- |''Backroom Bodega Boyz'' | - |Video |- | rowspan="4" |1999 |''[[She's All That]]'' |Kadeem | |- |''[[The Apartment Complex]]'' | - |TV movie |- |''[[Santa and Pete]]'' |Pete |TV movie |- |''The Force'' | - |TV movie |- |2001 |''[[Out Cold (2001 film)|Out Cold]]'' |Anthony | |- | rowspan="2" |2004 |''[[Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story]]'' |[[Michael Jackson]] |TV movie |- |''[[Gas (2004 film)|Gas]]'' |Damien | |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |''[[Her Minor Thing]]'' |Marty | |- |''Shira: The Vampire Samurai'' |Willie 'Small Change Willie' |Video |- |2006 |''[[Snakes On a Plane]]'' |Clarence "Three G's" Dewey | |- | rowspan="5" |2007 |''Love... & Other 4 Letter Words'' |Arnold | |- |''[[Poor Boy's Game]]'' |Ossie Paris | |- |''[[The Hills Have Eyes 2]]'' |SGT Jeff 'Sarge' Millstone | |- |''[[The List (2007 film)|The List]]'' |Chet | |- |''Nice Girls Don't Get the Corner Office'' |Deef |TV movie |- |2013 |''My Sister's Wedding'' |Matthew | |- |2015 |''Soul Ties'' |Jessie | |- |2016 |''Grandma's House'' |Thomas | |- |2017 |''Love by the 10th Date'' |Preacher Hill |TV movie |- |2019 |''Maybe I'm Fine'' |Jeffrey | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Crunchers: Mr. Salt's Bestest Warm-Up Commercial'' |Magnetic Cools Dancer |Video short |- |''Ballbuster'' |Luther | |- |''Trigger'' |Michael Mass | |} === Orí amóhùn-máwòrán === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Role ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes |- |1992 |''[[Uptown Comedy Club]]'' |Various Characters |Main Cast: Season 1 |- |1993 |''[[Where I Live]]'' |Reggie Coltrane |Main Cast |- | rowspan="2" |1994 |''[[Sister, Sister (TV series)|Sister, Sister]]'' |Cold Dog |Episode: "The Concert" |- |''[[New York Undercover]]'' |Mecca |Episode: "The Friendly Neighborhood Dealer" |- |1995 |''[[The Cosby Mysteries]]'' |Partygoer |Episode: "The Medium Is the Message" |- |1996–97 |''[[Homeboys in Outer Space]]'' |Tyberius Walker |Main Cast |- | rowspan="3" |1997 |''[[Moesha]]'' |Dread |Episode: "Cold Busted" |- |''[[Brooklyn South]]'' |Buster |Episode: "McMurder One" |- |''[[Total Security (TV series)|Total Security]]'' |Neville Watson |Main Cast |- |2000 |''[[The Parkers]]'' |Andy |Episode: "J.C. Bowl" |- |2000–01 |''[[Girlfriends (U.S. TV series)|Girlfriends]]'' |Darnell Wilkes |Main Cast: Season 1 |- |2001–06 |''[[One on One (TV series)|One on One]]'' |Mark 'Flex' Washington |Main Cast: Season 1–4, Recurring Cast: Season 5 |- |2005 |''[[Cuts (TV series)|Cuts]]'' |Flex Washington |Episode: "Keeping It Real" |- |2007-10 |''[[CSI: Miami]]'' |Martin Wilson / Beau Lendell |Episode: "Deep Freeze" & "Miami, We Have a Problem" |- |2010 |''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]'' |Detective Demarcus King |Episode: "Pilot" |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''Sketchy'' |Kyrone |Episode: "Beets by Dre" |- |''[[Single Ladies (TV series)|Single Ladies]]'' |James Blackwell |Recurring Cast: Season 2 |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''[[The Client List (TV series)|The Client List]]'' |The Wolf |Episode: "Unanswered Prayers" |- |''[[Masters of Sex]]'' |Walter |Episode: "Love and Marriage" |- |2014–16 |''[[Flex & Shanice]]'' |Himself |Main Cast |- |2016 |''[[Lucifer (TV series)|Lucifer]]'' |Simon Hallbrooks |Episode: "Homewrecker" |- |2017 |''Lawd Have Mercy'' |Host |TV Series |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''[[In the Cut (TV series)|In the Cut]]'' |Mr. Mustard |Episode: "The Big Day" |- |''[[Station 19]]'' |Evan Forrester |Episode: "Under the Surface" |- |''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'' |Evan Forrester |Episode: "Momma Knows Best" |- |2020 |''[[Mixed-ish]]'' |George |Recurring Cast: Season 1 |- |2021 |''[[Kenan (TV series)|Kenan]]'' |Derek |Episode: "Flirting" |} == Àtòjọ àwọn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ rẹ̀ == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" !Year !Award !Result !Category !Film or series |- |2004 | rowspan="2" |BET Comedy Awards |'''Nom''' |Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series |''One on One'' |- |2005 |'''Nom''' |Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series |''One on One'' |- |2003 | rowspan="4" |[[NAACP Image Awards]] |'''Nom''' |[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series|Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series]] |''One on One'' |- |2004 |'''Nom''' |Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series |''One on One'' |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |'''Nom''' |[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special|Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]] |''Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story'' |- |'''Nom''' |Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series |''One on One'' |} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} jc64v377sby9i1ok3wnte8ujs6ebn17 Anne Bonny 0 73490 632170 604976 2026-08-19T19:31:24Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Female pirate Anne Bonny.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán Anne Bonny]] '''Anne Bonny'''(8 Oṣu Kẹta ọdun 1697 - sọnu ni Oṣu Kẹrin ọdun 1721),<ref name="thewayofthepirates.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thewayofthepirates.com/famous-pirates/anne-bonny/|title=Anne Bonny - Famous Pirate - The Way of the Pirates|website=www.thewayofthepirates.com|access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Bonny|title=Anne Bonny - Irish American pirate|access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> igba kan '''Anne Bonney''',<ref>Simon, Ed, ''[https://daily.jstor.org/return-to-pirate-island/ Return to Pirate Island]'', JSTOR Daily, August 4, 2021 with several references</ref> jẹ ajalelokun Irish ti n ṣiṣẹ ni Caribbean, ati ọkan ninu awọn ajalelokun obinrin diẹ ninu itan-akọọlẹ ti o gbasilẹ.<ref name="annebonnypirate.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.annebonnypirate.com/|title=Anne Bonny and Famous Female Pirates|website=www.annebonnypirate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> Ohun kekere ti a mọ nipa igbesi aye rẹ wa ni pataki lati inu iwe Captain Charles Johnson's 1724 A General History of the Pyrates. == Igbe aiye iberepepe == Ọjọ ibi Bonny ni a ro pe o wa ni ayika 1700.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-anne-bonny-2136375|title=The Story of Female Pirate Anne Bonny|work=ThoughtCo|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> Won ni won bi ni Ori Agba KinsaleShe ,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|date=1993|title=When Women Pirates Sailed the Seas|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_wilson-quarterly_autumn-1993_17_4/page/102|jstor=40258786|journal=The Wilson Quarterly|volume=17|issue=4|pages=102–110}}</ref> ni ilu County Cork, Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.famous-pirates.com/famous-pirates/anne-bonny/|title=Anne Bonny – Famous Female Pirate|website=www.famous-pirates.com|access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> O jẹ ọmọbinrin iranṣẹbinrin Maria Brennan ati agbanisiṣẹ Brennan, agbẹjọro William Cormac. A bi Mary Brennan nitori atẹle aisan ti iyawo Cormac o gbe lọ si ile iya-ọkọ rẹ ti o wa ni awọn maili diẹ si ọna. Lakoko ti iyawo William Cormac n ṣaisan ati ni ile miiran, William duro lati wo ile ẹbi nibiti o ti ni ibalopọ pẹlu ọkan ninu awọn iranṣẹbinrin, Mary Brennan, ẹniti o bi Anne Bonny lẹhinna. Anne Bonny ni a rii bi ọkan ninu awọn ọran ẹtọ lati William Cormac .<ref name=":1">''Legendary Pirates The Life and Legacy of Anne Bonny'' . Charles River Editors , 2018.</ref> Awọn igbasilẹ osise ati awọn lẹta ti ode oni ti o n ṣe pẹlu igbesi aye rẹ ko ṣọwọn, ati pe ọpọlọpọ imọ-ẹrọ ode oni wa lati Charles Johnson's A General History of the Pyrates (ikojọpọ ti awọn itan-akọọlẹ ajalelokun, ẹda akọkọ ni deede, ekeji ṣe ọṣọ pupọ).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postandcourier.com/news/the-true-and-false-stories-of-anne-bonny-pirate-woman-of-the-caribbean/article_e7fc1e2c-101d-11e8-90b7-9fdf20ba62f8.html|title=The true and false stories of Anne Bonny, pirate woman of the Caribbean|first=Tony|last=Bartelme|website=[[The Post and Courier]]|date=November 21, 2018}}</ref> Baba Bonny William Cormac kọkọ lọ si Ilu Lọndọnu lati lọ kuro ni idile iyawo rẹ, o bẹrẹ si wọ Anne bi ọmọdekunrin o si pe ni “Andy”. Nigba ti iyawo Cormac ṣe awari William ti mu ọmọbirin rẹ ti ko ni ofin ti o si n mu ọmọ naa dagba lati jẹ akọwe agbẹjọro kan ti o si wọṣọ bi ọmọdekunrin, o dẹkun fifun u ni iyọọda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=She captains : heroines and hellions of the sea|last=Joan.|first=Druett|date=2005|orig-year=2000|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|isbn=0760766916|location=New York|oclc=70236194}}</ref> Cormac lẹhinna gbe lọ si Agbegbe ti Carolina, o mu Anne ati iya rẹ, ọmọbirin iranṣẹ rẹ tẹlẹ. Bàbá Bonny kọ ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ “Mc” ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ti orúkọ ẹbí wọn sílẹ̀ láti parapọ̀ di ìrọ̀rùn sí ọmọ ìlú Charles Town. Ni akọkọ, ẹbi naa ni ibẹrẹ ti o ni inira ni ile titun wọn, ṣugbọn imọ Cormac ti ofin ati agbara lati ra ati ta awọn ọja laipẹ ṣe inawo ile-ile kan ati nikẹhin oko kan ti o wa ni ita ilu. Iya Bonny ku nigbati o jẹ ọdun 12. Baba rẹ gbiyanju lati fi ara rẹ mulẹ gẹgẹbi amofin ṣugbọn ko ṣe daradara. Nikẹhin, o darapọ mọ iṣowo oniṣowo ti o ni ere diẹ sii o si ṣajọ ọrọ nla kan. == Awon itokasi == bgef76fu4xd3l6icdblknagwe1rt03i Agnes Yewande Savage 0 73548 632003 587924 2026-08-19T15:02:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Agnes Yewande Savage|image=AgnesSavage.jpg|birth_date=Ọjọ́ kànlẹ́lógún oṣù kejì ọdún 1906|birth_place=[[Edinburgh]], Scotland|death_date={{Death date and age|1964|09|07|1906|02|21}}|nationality={{hlist|[[Nàìjíríà]]|[[Scotland]]}}|parents={{unbulleted list|[[Richard Akinwande Savage]] Sr (bàbá)|Maggie S. Bowie (Ìyá)}}|relations=[[Richard Gabriel Akinwande Savage]] (àwọn arákùnrin)|alma_mater={{unbulleted list|[[Royal College of Music]]|[[George Watson's College|George Watson’s Ladies College]]|[[University of Edinburgh]]}}|known_for={{unbulleted list|First [[West African]] [[Women in medicine|woman in orthodox medicine]]|[[Women's empowerment|Empowerment]] of women in [[West Africa]]|Co-founding [[Korle-Bu Nurses Training College]]}}|occupation=[[onímọ̀ ìṣègùn òyìnbó]]}} '''Agnes Yewande Savage''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kànlẹ́lógún oṣù kejì ọdún 1906 tí ó sì fi ayé sílè ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1964)<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 September 1964|title=Deaths|pages=1|work=The Times}}</ref> jẹ́ onímọ̀ ìṣègùn òyìnbó ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] àti obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ ní [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà]] láti di Dókítá alábẹ́rẹ́.<ref name="Mitchell">{{cite web|url=https://centreofafricanstudies.wordpress.com/2016/11/16/cas-students-to-lead-seminar-on-universitys-african-alumni-pt-iv-agnes-yewande-savage/|title=Dr Agnes Yewande Savage – West Africa's First Woman Doctor (1906-1964)|last=Mitchell|first=Henry|date=November 2016|website=|publisher=Centre of African Studies|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414132157/https://centreofafricanstudies.wordpress.com/2016/11/16/cas-students-to-lead-seminar-on-universitys-african-alumni-pt-iv-agnes-yewande-savage/|archive-date=14 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://centreofafricanstudies.wordpress.com/2016/11/16/cas-students-to-lead-seminar-on-universitys-african-alumni-pt-iv-agnes-yewande-savage/|title=CAS Students to Lead Seminar on University's African Alumni, Pt. IV: Agnes Yewande Savage|date=16 November 2016|work=CAS from the Edge|access-date=2018-05-31|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414132157/https://centreofafricanstudies.wordpress.com/2016/11/16/cas-students-to-lead-seminar-on-universitys-african-alumni-pt-iv-agnes-yewande-savage/|archive-date=14 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Tetty|first=Charles|date=1985|title=Medical Practitioners of African Descent in Colonial Ghana|url=https://archive.org/details/international-journal-of-african-historical-studies_1985_18_1/page/139|jstor=217977|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|volume=18|issue=1|pages=139–144|doi=10.2307/217977|pmid=11617203}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://https//www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/notable-alumni/alumni-in-history/agnes-yewande-savage|title=Agnes Yewande Savage (1906 – 1964)|work=The University of Edinburgh|access-date=2018-09-19|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124203251/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3Av4vUh9wytN4J%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Falumni%2Fservices%2Fnotable-alumni%2Falumni-in-history%2Fagnes-yewande-savage+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|archive-date=24 November 2018|url-status=live|archivedate=2018-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124203251/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:v4vUh9wytN4J:https://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/notable-alumni/alumni-in-history/agnes-yewande-savage+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Ferry|first=Georgina|date=November 2018|title=Agnes Yewande Savage, Susan Ofori-Atta, and Matilda Clerk: three pioneering doctors|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32827-7/fulltext|journal=The Lancet|language=English|volume=392|issue=10161|pages=2258–2259|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32827-7|s2cid=53713242|issn=0140-6736}}</ref> Savage jẹ́ obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn ilẹ̀ Áfríkà láti gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ nínú ìmọ̀ ìṣègùn òyìnbó, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ first-class ní [[University of Edinburgh|Yunifásitì Edinburgh]] ní ọdún 1929 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlélógún.<ref name="Mitchell" /><ref name=":1" /> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == <references /> coval79ssbtywegh4gpyedujcgxeutf Àwùjọ Áfríkà 0 73776 632116 614880 2026-08-19T18:10:40Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Àwùjọ Áfríkà|image=Map of the African Diaspora in the World.svg|total=|region1={{flagcountry|United States}}|pop1=46,936,733 (2020)<ref name=2020USCensus>{{cite web |url=https://census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |date=August 12, 2021 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]}}</ref>|region2={{flagcountry|Brazil}}|pop2=28,584,218 (2021)<ref name="cia">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/#people-and-society|date=2021-04-27|title=Brazil – The World Fact Book|website=[[CIA World Fact Book]]|access-date=2021-05-03|quote=Population 213,445,417 (July 2021 est.) ... Ethnic groups White 47.7%, Mulatto (mixed White and Black) 43.1%, Black 7.6%, Asian 1.1%, Indigenous 0.4% (2010 est.)|archive-date=2021-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812124129/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/#people-and-society|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite journal|last1=Pena|first1=Sérgio D. J.|last2=Pietro|first2=Giuliano Di|last3=Fuchshuber-Moraes|first3=Mateus|last4=Genro|first4=Julia Pasqualini|last5=Hutz|first5=Mara H.|last6=Kehdy|first6=Fernanda de Souza Gomes|last7=Kohlrausch|first7=Fabiana|last8=Magno|first8=Luiz Alexandre Viana|last9=Montenegro|first9=Raquel Carvalho|last10=Moraes|first10=Manoel Odorico|last11=Moraes|first11=Maria Elisabete Amaral de|date=2011-02-16|title=The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=e17063|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0017063|pmid=21359226|pmc=3040205|bibcode=2011PLoSO...617063P|issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}</ref>|region3={{flagcountry|Haiti}}|pop3=9,925,365<ref name="Afro-Haitians">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ Haiti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209014627/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ |date=2021-02-09 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].</ref>|region4={{flagcountry|France}}|pop4=4,000,000-6,000,000<ref>{{citation|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1887106,00.html|first=Bruce|last=Crumley|title=Should France Count Its Minority Population?|magazine=Time|date=24 March 2009|accessdate=11 October 2014|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808014355/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1887106,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>|region5={{flagcountry|Colombia}}|pop5=4,671,160 (including multiracial<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica | title=Grupos étnicos información técnica | access-date=2023-05-03 | archive-date=2020-04-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408132304/https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica | dead-url=yes }}</ref>)|region6={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|pop6=3,500,000<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-29|title=Yemen's Al-Akhdam face brutal oppression – CNN iReport|url=http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-999239|access-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129084527/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-999239|archive-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref>|region7={{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}|pop7=3,370,000<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-01|title=Saudi Arabia's African roots traced to annual Hajj pilgrimage and British colonization|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1256666/saudi-arabia|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Arab News|language=en}}</ref>|region8={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|pop8=3,171,916 (including Mixed White and Black)<ref name=2021censusUK>{{cite web|url= https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021|title= 2021 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom|publisher= Office for National Statistics|date= November 11, 2022|access-date= February 28, 2022}}</ref>|region9={{flagcountry|Jamaica}}|pop9=2,510,000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jamaica – People|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamaica|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>|region10={{flagcountry|Mexico}}|pop10=1,386,556<ref name="Encuesta Intercensal 2015">{{cite web | title = Principales resultados de la Encuesta Intercensal 2015 Estados Unidos Mexicanos | url = http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/proyectos/enchogares/especiales/intercensal/2015/doc/eic2015_resultados.pdf | publisher = [[INEGI]] | access-date = December 9, 2015 | pages = 77 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170422033628/http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/proyectos/enchogares/especiales/intercensal/2015/doc/eic2015_resultados.pdf | archive-date = April 22, 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>|region11={{flagcountry|Spain}}|pop11=1,206,701, 79% being North African<ref>{{Cite web|title=Población extranjera por país de nacionalidad, edad (grupos quinquenales) y sexo|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691|access-date=2023-05-03|archive-date=2022-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025102106/https://ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691|dead-url=yes}}</ref>|region12={{flagcountry|Canada}}|pop12=1,198,540<ref name=2016census>[http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1 Census Profile, 2016 Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108195103/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1 |date=November 8, 2017 }} [[Statistics Canada]]. Retrieved November 6, 2017.</ref>|region13={{flagcountry|Italy}}|pop13=1,140,000, 60% being North African <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.neodemos.info/2019/11/12/africani-ditalia/ |title=Africani d'Italia |website=Neodemos |date=12 November 2019 |author=Fabrizio Ciocca |language=Italian}}</ref>|region14={{flagcountry |Dominican Republic}}|pop14=1,138,471<ref>{{cite web | title = The ethnicity of the Dominican population |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Dominican-Republic/Settlement-patterns#ref54434}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ethnic groups of the Dominican Republic|date=April 25, 2017|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-of-the-dominican-republic.html}}</ref>|region15={{flagcountry|Venezuela}}|pop15=1,087,427<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 2014|title=XIV Censo National de Poblacion y Vivienda|url=http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf|access-date=27 April 2021|archive-date=August 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805193838/http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|region16={{flagcountry|Ecuador}}|pop16=1,080,864<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|date=2011-09-02|title=Población del país es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC|url=https://www.eluniverso.com/2011/09/02/1/1356/poblacion-pais-joven-mestiza-dice-censo-inec.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=El Universo|language=es}}</ref>|region17={{flagcountry|Cuba}}|pop17=1,034,044<ref>{{Cite web|title=Población por sexo y zona de residencia según grupos de edades y color de la piel|url=http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603230454/http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=27 April 2021|archive-date=June 3, 2014}}</ref>|region18={{flagcountry |Puerto Rico}}|pop18=1,000,000+<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/puerto-rico-population-change-between-census-decade.html | title=Puerto Rico Population Declined 11.8% from 2010 to 2020 }}</ref>|region19={{flagcountry|Germany}}|pop19={{circa}} 1,000,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein?|url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/sprache/es-gibt-einige-die-entsetzt-waren-zu-besuch-in-neger-und-mohrenkirch-koennen-ortsnamen-rassistisch-sein_id_12824108.html|quote=Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande.|trans-quote=About one million black people are living in this country according to ISD.}}</ref>|region20={{flagcountry|Peru}}|pop20=828,841 (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico 2017 |page = 216 |website = Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática|year=2018}}</ref>|region21={{flagcountry|Trinidad and Tobago}}|pop21=452,536<ref>{{cite web|url= https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf|title= Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Population and Housing Census: Demographic Report|page= 94|publisher= Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Central Statistical Office|year= 2012|access-date= August 20, 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171019211618/https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf|archive-date= October 19, 2017|url-status=dead|df= mdy-all}}</ref>|region22={{flagcountry|Australia}}|pop22=380,000<ref name="censusdata.abs.gov.au">{{Cite web|url=http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_ERP_COB_MAG_SEXRATIO#|title=ABS Statistics|website=stat.data.abs.gov.au|date=November 25, 2021|access-date=April 22, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728212457/http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_ERP_COB_MAG_SEXRATIO|url-status=dead}}</ref>|region23={{flagcountry|Barbados}}|pop23=270,853<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ Barbados] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123091149/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ |date=2021-01-23 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].</ref>|region24={{flagcountry|Pakistan}}|pop24=250,000<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=2018-08-26|title=Smokers' corner: Sindh's African roots|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1428950|access-date=2021-04-27|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>|region25={{flagcountry|Guyana}}|pop25=225,860<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 23, 2017 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084856/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|region26={{flagcountry|Suriname}}|pop26=200,406<ref>{{cite web |url= http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |title= Censusstatistieken 2012 |website= Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname) |page= 76 |access-date= October 23, 2017 |archive-date= March 5, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071544/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|format= XLS|url= http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls|title= Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010|trans-title= Table P42. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010|language= es|website= [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|INDEC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193258/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls|archive-date= October 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|format= XLS|url= http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls|title= Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010|trans-title= Table P43. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010|language= es|website= [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|INDEC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140418145946/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls|archive-date= April 18, 2014}}</ref>|region27={{flagcountry|Argentina}}|pop27=149,493<ref>{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls|title=Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010|trans-title=Table P42. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010|language=es|work=[[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|INDEC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193258/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls|archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls|title=Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010|trans-title=Table P43. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010|language=es|work=[[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|INDEC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418145946/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls|archive-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>|region28={{flagcountry|Grenada}}|pop28=108,700<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |title= Grenada |website= The World Factbook |publisher= Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |access-date= 2021-05-03 |archive-date= 2022-08-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220811231159/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref>|region29={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|pop29=100,000<ref name="trthaber.com">{{Cite web|title=İstanbul'da yaşayan Afrikalıların sayısı 70 bine yakın. Ten renklerinden ötürü ötekileştirilmiyor olmak onları Türkiye'ye bağlıyor.|url=https://www.trthaber.com/haber/yasam/esenyurtun-afrikali-gocmenleri-538129.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-26|website=www.trthaber.com|language=tr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213134049/https://www.trthaber.com/haber/yasam/esenyurtun-afrikali-gocmenleri-538129.html |archive-date=2020-12-13 }}</ref>|region30={{RUS}}|pop30=50,000<ref>Gribanova, Lyubov [http://www.nashi-deti.ru/articles/15/ "Дети-метисы в России: свои среди чужих"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104180141/http://www.nashi-deti.ru/articles/15/|date=4 November 2008}} (in Russian). Nashi Deti Project. Retrieved 25 February 2010.</ref> (est. 2009)|languages=Lingua franca: [[North American English|English]] ([[American English|American]] and [[Caribbean English|Caribbean]]), [[American French|French]] ([[Canadian French|Canadian]], [[Haitian French|Haitian]]), [[Haitian Creole]], [[Spanish language in the Americas|Spanish]], [[American Portuguese|Portuguese]], [[Papiamento]] and [[Surinamese Dutch|Dutch]]|rels=[[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Traditional African religions]], [[African diaspora religions|Afro-American religions]]|related_groups=[[Ethnic groups of Africa|Africans]], [[African americans ]]}} '''Àwùjọ Áfríkà''' jẹ́ àpapọ̀ àwọn àwùjọ tí ó wá láti Áfríkà, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn tí ó wà ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Amẹ́ríkà]] lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Diaspora {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/anthropology-and-archaeology/human-evolution/african-diaspora|access-date=2022-05-23|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Wọ́n ma ń fi ọ̀rọ̀ náà ṣàpèjúwe àwọn tí ó aláwò dúdú ní [[West Africa|Ìwọ oòrùn]] àti [[Àrin Áfríkà]] tí àwọn òyìnbó kó [[Slavery|lẹ́rú]] ní àárín centuri kẹríndínlógún sí ọ̀kàndínlógún, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹrú yìí ni wọ́n kọ́ lọ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bi [[Brazil]], [[United States|Amẹ́ríkà]], àti [[Haiti]].<ref name="Uiscftdgha">{{cite book|title=General History of Africa|isbn=978-0-520-06701-1|last1=Ade Ajayi|first1=J. F|last2=International Scientific Committee For The Drafting Of a General History Of Africa|first2=Unesco|date=July 1, 1998|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unescogeneralhis00jfad/page/305 305–15]|title-link=General History of Africa}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=VC7kKcXdDhkC&pg=PA305 via Google Books]</ref><ref name="warren" /> Wọ́n tún le fi ọ̀rọ̀ náà ṣàpèjúwe àwọn ọmọ [[Àríwá Áfríkà]] tí won kìí se aláwò dúdú ṣùgbọ́n tí wón kó lọ sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míràn.<ref>Harris, J. E. (1993). "Introduction" In J. E. Harris (ed.), ''Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora'', pp. 8–9.</ref> Ní ayé ìsinsìnyí, wọ́n ń fi ọ̀rọ̀ náà ṣàpèjúwe àwọn ènìyàn tí ó kó láti Áfríkà lọ sí orílẹ̀ èdè míràn.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Akyeampong|first1=E|year=2000|title=Africans in the Diaspora: The Diaspora and Africans|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_2000-04_99_395/page/183|journal=African Affairs|volume=99|issue=395|pages=183–215|doi=10.1093/afraf/99.395.183}}</ref> Aájò [[African Union]] (AU) sọ wípé àwùjọ Áfríkà jẹ́: "àwọn ọmọ Áfríkà tí kò gbé ní ilẹ̀ míràn yàtò sí ilẹ̀ Áfríkà, tí wón sì ṣe tán láti gbé ilẹ̀ Áfríkà lárugẹ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Diaspora Division {{!}} African Union|url=https://au.int/en/diaspora-division|access-date=2022-05-23|website=au.int|archive-date=2023-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714200154/https://au.int/en/diaspora-division|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== 9bvu36x8qu6qdo4av6e0dgmv9tks2qo Ilé ìkàwé Òrílẹ̀ èdè Democratic Republic of Congo 0 73909 632069 570145 2026-08-19T17:00:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ìlé Ìkàwé orílẹ̀ èdè Democratic Republic of Congo''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|Bibliothèque Nationale de la République démocratique du Congo}}) jẹ́ ilé ìkàwé tí ó wà ní [[Kinshasa]] tí wọ́n sì dá kalẹ̀ ní ọdún 1974 gẹ́gẹ́ bi ọ́fícì ní ẹ̀ka ìjọba fún àṣà. Ní ọdún 1989, ó gba òmìnira láti di ilé ìkàwé.<ref name="Legislation for Library: French speaking Africa">{{cite journal|last=Marcel|first=Lajeunesse|author2=Henri Sene|title=Legislation for library and information services in French-speaking Africa revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/international-information-library-review_2004-12_36_4/page/367|journal=The International Information & Library Review|date=December 2004|volume=36|issue=4|pages=367–380|doi=10.1016/j.iilr.2004.03.002}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2009, ilé ìkàwé náà gba owó tí ó tó $15 million ní ọwọ́ Model United Nations of the University of Chicago àtí UNESCO láti tún ilé ìkàwé náà ṣe, kó àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìbẹ̀ àti láti ra àwọn ìwé.<ref name="MONUC">{{cite web|title=DR Congo: National Library-MONUC contributes to preserve "the memory of the nation"|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-national-library-monuc-contributes-preserve-memory-nation|publisher=UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == <references /> 3wt49ylpnwmkc1lj5r0ubvskl1a2ibk Evangeline Lilly 0 74051 632017 570845 2026-08-19T15:19:00Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Evangeline Lilly|image=Evangeline Lilly 2014 Comic Con 01 (cropped).jpg|caption=Lilly ní [[San Diego Comic Con]] ní ọdún 2014|birthname=Nicole Evangeline Lilly|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|08|03}}|birth_place=[[Fort Saskatchewan]], [[Alberta]], Canada|alma_mater=[[University of British Columbia]]|occupation={{hlist|Actress|author}}|years_active=2002–present|spouse={{marriage|Murray Hone|2003|2004|end=divorced}}|partner={{ubl|[[Dominic Monaghan]] <br>(2004–2007)|Norman Kali <br>(2010–present)}}|children=2}} '''Nicole Evangeline Lilly''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1979)<ref name="GlobeandMail">{{cite web|last=MacDonald|first=Gayle|date=11 September 2005|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/television/lost/the-blooming-of-evangeline-lilly/article1437907/singlepage/#articlecontent|title=The blooming of Evangeline Lilly|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|access-date=23 April 2012|archive-date=1 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501002800/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/television/lost/the-blooming-of-evangeline-lilly/article1437907/singlepage/#articlecontent|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Monitor|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_entertainment-weekly_2013-08-09_1271/page/22|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=9 August 2013|issue=1271|page=22}}</ref> jẹ́ òṣèrébìnrin àti òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Kánádà|Kanada]]. Ó gbajúmọ̀ nígbà tí ó kó ipa [[Kate Austen]] nínú eré tí àpèlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]'' (2004–2010), òun sì ló jẹ́ kí wọ́n yán fún àmì-ẹ̀yẹ [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama|Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series]].<ref name="nytprofile">{{cite web|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/413648/Evangeline-Lilly/biography|title=Evangeline Lilly Profile|access-date=7 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029223015/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/413648/Evangeline-Lilly/biography|archive-date=29 October 2013|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Matthew Tobey|date=2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lilly ti kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀lopọ̀ fíìmù bi ''[[The Hurt Locker]]'' (2008), ''[[Real Steel]]'' (2011), gẹ́gẹ́ bi [[Tauriel]] nínú àwọn fíìmù ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|The Hobbit]]'', nínú ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|The Desolation of Smaug]]'' (2013) àti ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' (2014). Ó kó ipa [[Hope van Dyne]] nínú fíìmù [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] tí àkòrí rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''[[Ant-Man (film)|Ant-Man]]'' (2015). Lilly tún jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ìwé àwọn ọmọdé tí àpèlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''The Squickerwonkers''. == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == <references /> 4iqnf73rtwb93tnnp0ga5resol15xg7 Estrogen 0 74267 632081 573776 2026-08-19T17:16:12Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632081 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Estrojíínì''' tàbí '''oestrogen''' jẹ́ àkójọpọ̀ àwọn hòmónù ìbálòpọ̀ tí tí wọ́n ń ṣisẹ́ ìdàgbà-sókè àti ìfètò sí ẹ̀yà ara ìbímọ lára àwọn [[obìnrin]] àti ìṣesí [[ìbálòpọ̀]] lára obìnrin. <ref name="Huether">{{Cite book| vauthors = Huether SE, McCance KL |quote=Estrogen is a generic term for any of three similar hormones derived from cholesterol: estradiol, estrone, and estriol.|title=Understanding Pathophysiology|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-32-367281-8|page=767|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oF2yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA767}}</ref><ref name="Satoskar">{{Cite book| vauthors = Satoskar RS, Rege N, Bhandarkar SD |quote=The natural estrogens are steroids. However, typical estrogenic activity is also shown by chemicals which are not steroids. Hence, the term 'estrogen' is used as a generic term to describe all the compounds having estrogenic activity.|title=Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-8-13-124941-3|page=943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9LQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA943}}</ref> Ìpín mẹ́rin ni a lè pín estrogen si látàrí ìṣesí àti iṣẹ́ wọn nínú ara obìnrin. Àwọn náà ni: [[estrone]] (E1), [[estradiol]] (E2), àti [[estriol]] (E3).<ref name="Huether"/><ref name="Delgado">{{cite book | vauthors = Delgado BJ, Lopez-Ojeda W | chapter = Estrogen | chapter-url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538260/ | title = StatPearls [Internet] | date = December 20, 2021 | pmid = 30855848 | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | quote = Estrogen is a steroid hormone associated with the female reproductive organs and is responsible for the development of female sexual characteristics. Estrogen is often referred to as estrone, estradiol, and estriol. ... Synthetic estrogen is also available for clinical use, designed to increase absorption and effectiveness by altering the estrogen chemical structure for topical or oral administration. Synthetic steroid estrogens include ethinyl estradiol, estradiol valerate, estropipate, conjugate esterified estrogen, and quinestrol. }}</ref> Estradiol, tí ó tún ń jẹ́ [[estrane]], ni ó lágbára jùlọ tí ó sì wòpọ̀ jùlọ pẹ̀lú. <ref name="Huether"/> Bákan náa ni estrogen tí wọ́n ń pè ní [[estetrol]] (E4) ni ó ma ń jáde nígbà tí obìnrin bá wà nínú [[oyún]]. Gbogbo [[ẹranko elégungun]] àti àwọn kòkòrò abìyẹ́ ni wọ́n ma ní estrogen lára<ref name="pmid7083198">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ryan KJ | title = Biochemistry of aromatase: significance to female reproductive physiology | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 42 | issue = 8 Suppl | pages = 3342s–3344s | date = August 1982 | pmid = 7083198 }}</ref>.<ref name="Mechoulam_2005">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mechoulam R, Brueggemeier RW, Denlinger DL | s2cid = 31950471 | title = Estrogens in insects | journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences |date=September 2005 | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 942–944 | doi=10.1007/BF01946450 }}</ref> Tí a bá ní ká fòye mọ̀ọ́, lílọ bíbọ̀ estrogen nínú ará [[ọkùnrin]] àti [[obìnrin]] kìí fi bẹ́ẹ̀ pọ̀.<ref name="Burger2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burger HG | title = Androgen production in women | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 77 | issue = Suppl 4 | pages = S3–S5 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 12007895 | doi = 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)02985-0 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé estrogen kìí fi bẹ́ẹ̀ pọ̀ púpọ̀ lára ọkùnrin tó bí ó ṣe wa lára obìnrin, síbẹ̀, ó ní iṣẹ́ pàtàkì tí ó ń ṣe lára ọkùnrin.<ref name="pmid11403894">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lombardi G, Zarrilli S, Colao A, Paesano L, Di Somma C, Rossi F, De Rosa M | title = Estrogens and health in males | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-and-cellular-endocrinology_2001-06-10_178_1-2/page/51 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 178 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 51–55 | date = June 2001 | pmid = 11403894 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00420-8 | s2cid = 36834775 }}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn [[steroid hormone]] ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni estrogens náà rin tàbí pàráàro inú àgọ́ ara tí ó fi mọ́ inú àwọn sẹ́ẹ́lì ara. Ní kété tí estrogen bá ti wọ inú sẹ́ẹ́lì ara ni ó ma ń ròpọ̀ tí ó sì ma ń jí ohun tí wọ́n ń pè ní [[estrogen receptor]] (ERs) sílẹ̀ ní èyí yóò ma ṣiṣẹ́ ààtò ìtakìjí àwọn [[jíínì]] ara lọ́kan-ò-jọ̀kan .<ref name="isbn978-1-85996-252-7">{{cite book | vauthors = Whitehead SA, Nussey S | title = Endocrinology: an integrated approach | publisher = BIOS: Taylor & Francis | location = Oxford | year = 2001 | pmid = 20821847 | isbn = 978-1-85996-252-7 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=endocrin.TOC&depth=10 }}</ref> Láfikún, estrogen tún ma ń ṣiṣẹ́ ìjísílẹ̀ àwọn ohun tí wọ́n ń pe ní [[membrane estrogen receptor]]s (mERs),<ref name="pmid23756388">{{cite journal | vauthors = Soltysik K, Czekaj P | title = Membrane estrogen receptors - is it an alternative way of estrogen action? | journal = Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology | volume = 64 | issue = 2 | pages = 129–142 | date = April 2013 | pmid = 23756388 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22538318">{{cite journal | vauthors = Micevych PE, Kelly MJ | title = Membrane estrogen receptor regulation of hypothalamic function | journal = Neuroendocrinology | volume = 96 | issue = 2 | pages = 103–110 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22538318 | pmc = 3496782 | doi = 10.1159/000338400 }}</ref> gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[GPER]] (GPR30).<ref name="pmid17222505">{{cite journal | vauthors = Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB, Sklar LA | title = GPR30: A G protein-coupled receptor for estrogen | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 265-266 | pages = 138–142 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17222505 | pmc = 1847610 | doi = 10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.010 }}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} 95kyyppk2g5q8r7h0xqkwzyievs3d36 Oko Ẹru ti Adayeba 0 74355 632136 618143 2026-08-19T18:38:50Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oko Ẹru ti Adayeba''' (Tabi Oko Ẹru ti Aristotelian) jẹ ariyanjiyan lori Óṣèlu Aristotle to da loripe eniyan jẹ ẹru ni adayeba ṣugbọn awọn toku jẹ ẹru latari ofin tabi convention<ref name="Smith 1983 pp. 109–122">{{cite journal | last=Smith | first=Nicholas D. | title=Aristotle's Theory of Natural Slavery | journal=Phoenix | publisher=Classical Association of Canada | volume=37 | issue=2 | year=1983 | pages=109–122 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1087451 | access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref>. ==Ọrọ ti Aristotle sọ lóri oko ẹru== Aristotle Ṣalaye pe ẹru adayeba jẹ ẹni ti o jẹ ọmọ gẹgẹbi adayeba ṣugbọn ẹlo mira lo ni. O ṣe alaye ṣiwaju pe ẹni naa ni oun alumọni ti olowo rẹ le lo nigba kigba to ba ti wu. Aristotle ṣe alaye pe kiko ni lẹru pẹlu agidi o kinṣe nkan to lere ninu nigba owo ẹru naa o ba tijẹ ti adayeba<ref name="1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology 2019 d601">{{cite web | title=Aristotle’s Defense of Slavery | website=1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology | date=2019-09-11 | url=https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2019/09/10/aristotles-defense-of-slavery/ | access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref><ref name="Heath 2008 pp. 243–270">{{cite journal | last=Heath | first=Malcolm | title=Aristotle on Natural Slavery | journal=Phronesis | publisher=Brill | volume=53 | issue=3 | year=2008}}</ref>. Iṣẹ Aristotle ni aimoye eniyan ti tako. Darrell Donns sọpẹ ọrọ Aristotle lori owo ẹru ko dọmọran to. Awọn olumoye yoku sọpẹ ipo ẹru adayeba ṣè yipada niwọn igba ti itumọ ti Aristotle fun adayeba ṣe yipada<ref name="Dobbs 1994 pp. 69–94">{{cite journal | last=Dobbs | first=Darrell | title=Natural Right and the Problem of Aristotle's Defense of Slavery | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-politics_1994-02_56_1/page/69 | journal=The Journal of Politics | publisher=University of Chicago Press | volume=56 | issue=1 | year=1994| pages=69–94}}</ref>. ==Ipà== Stoic lodi ironu ti Aristotle lori owo ẹru ṣiṣe ti adayeba ni letter ti Seneca ati ibomiran<ref name="academic.oup.com m507">{{cite web | website=academic.oup.com | url=https://academic.oup.com/book/9828/chapter-abstract/157063107?redirectedFrom=fulltext |title=The Stoic-Cynic| access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref>. Ni Century ti mẹrin dinlogun ti ilẹ amẹrica koni lẹru, ariyanjiyan lori kiko ni lẹru bẹrẹ. Ọpọlọpọ awọn akonilẹru lofi ọwọ si owo ẹru ṣiṣe ti wọn si lo aimoye ọna lati fi idi rẹ mulọ. Bartolomé de las Casas fi ọwọ si ṣiṣe awọn eniyan ni pẹlẹ pẹlẹ lori yiyi wọn pada lai ma kowọn lẹru. Las Casas lodi si ibaṣè awọn alawọ dudu lọwọ awọn Spaniards. Ni ọdun 1520, Las Casas ri Ọba Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (Charles I ti Spain) lori ṣise awọn eniyan ni jẹjẹ. Ni óṣu April, ọdun 1550, Las Casas ati Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda pade ni ilu Spain lori ariyanjiyan nipa kiko awọn ilẹ America lẹru ati lori ọrọ Aristotle nipa ẹru ti adayẹba. Sepúlveda sọpa ipo aye tuntun awọn akonilẹru, awọn Amerindinas jẹ ẹru adayeba. Las Casas tako ọrọ Aristotle lori Barbarians ati lori lilo ọrọ naa fun awọn ilẹ Indian<ref name="AP US History Study Guide from The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 2011 v645">{{cite web | title=Bartolomé de Las Casas debates the subjugation of the Indians, 1550 | website=AP US History Study Guide from The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History | date=2011-11-30 | url=https://ap.gilderlehrman.org/resource/bartolom%C3%83%C2%A9-de-las-casas-debates-subjugation-indians-1550 | access-date=2023-08-25 | archive-date=2023-08-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825122715/https://ap.gilderlehrman.org/resource/bartolom%C3%83%C2%A9-de-las-casas-debates-subjugation-indians-1550 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="The Core Curriculum t108">{{cite web | title=Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda | website=The Core Curriculum | url=https://www.college.columbia.edu/core/content/juan-gin%C3%A9s-de-sep%C3%BAlveda | access-date=2023-08-25 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AP European History y195">{{cite web | title=New World Debate | website=AP European History | url=http://moonapeuro.weebly.com/new-world-debate.html | access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref><ref name="Slack 2018 pp. 433–457">{{cite journal | last=Slack | first=Kevin | title=A Foucauldian Study of Spanish Colonialism | journal=The Latin Americanist | publisher=Project MUSE | volume=62 | issue=3 | year=2018}}</ref>. ==Itọkasi== qkteq68fcw09efdalp0c3vxrczqqtkm Bakolori Dam 0 74459 632064 604485 2026-08-19T16:52:11Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632064 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bakolori Reservoir.jpg|thumb|Bakolori Dam]] '''Dam Bakolori''' wa ni [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Sókótó|Ipinle Sokoto]] ni ariwa iwọ-oorun [[Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . O ti pari ni ọdun 1978 ati ifiomipamo rẹ ti o kun nipasẹ ọdun 1981. O jẹ agbami nla ti o wa ni [[Odo Sokoto]], ti o wa ni [[Odò Rima|odo Rima]], eyiti o jẹ ki o jẹ [[Odò Ọya|odo Niger]] . Omi lati inu idido naa pese iṣẹ Irrigation Bakolori.<ref name="eawag7">{{cite web|url=http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/seminars/Case%20studies/2005/051031_Bakolori%201.pdf|title=Bakolori Dam and Bakolori Irrigation Project – Sokoto River, Nigeria|author1=Akané Hartenbach|author2=Jürgen Schuol|name-list-style=amp|date=October 2005|publisher=Eawag aquatic research institute|accessdate=2010-01-10}}{{Dead link|date=November 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Idido naa ni agbara ti awọn mita onigun 450, pẹlu ifiomipamo ti o bo [[saare]] 8,000 ti o gbooro si {{Convert|19|km|0}} oke.<ref name="helsinki6">{{cite journal|url=http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol11num3/yahaya_02.pdf|title=DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES OF BAKOLORI IRRIGATION PROJECT IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA|author=MOHAMMED KUTA YAHAYA|journal=Nordic Journal of African Studies|volume=11|issue=3|pages=411–430|year=2002|accessdate=2010-01-10|archivedate=2021-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909184425/http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol11num3/yahaya_02.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Ikole idamu nipo ọpọlọpọ awọn agbe agbe nipo lai pese ilẹ yiyan tabi isanpada owo. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn ló kú nínú ìfohùnṣọ̀kan nítorí ìpàdánù ìgbésí ayé wọn.<ref name="loveejoy3">{{cite book|page=76|title=Displacement and the politics of violence in Nigeria|publisher=BRILL|year=1997|isbn=90-04-10876-9|author8=Paul E. Lovejoy, Pat Ama Tokunbo Williams}}</ref> Ise agbese na ti di mimọ bi apẹẹrẹ Ayebaye ti ikuna idagbasoke.<ref>{{cite book|page=312|title=Conservation in Africa: Peoples, Policies and Practice|author1=David Anderson|author2=Richard H. Grove|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|isbn=0-521-34990-7}}</ref> == Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ == Odò Sokoto gba agbègbè [[Sudan (agbegbe)|Savannah Sudan-ogbele ti ogbele]] ni ariwa Naijiria. Ojo olodoodun jẹ aisọtẹlẹ, ti o wa lati 500&nbsp;mm to 1.300&nbsp;mm fun odun nigba ti June &#x2013; Kẹsán akoko. Ṣaaju ki wọn to kọ idido naa, bii 50,000 awọn agbe ti o wa ni agbegbe iṣan omi ti Sokoto ṣe adaṣe ipadasẹhin ipadasẹhin jinlẹ, dida iresi ati ọka ni akoko tutu ati awọn irugbin ẹfọ bii alubosa, ata ilẹ ati awọn tomati ni akoko igba otutu. Ọpọlọpọ awọn agbe lo ilana [[Ojiji|Shadoof]] ti gbigbe omi lati inu odo lati da sinu awọn ikanni irigeson tabi awọn adagun omi. Awọn obinrin ni [[purdah]] kii ṣe nigbagbogbo ṣiṣẹ aaye ṣugbọn wọn ni awọn ẹtọ nini ati ṣe iranlọwọ ni sisẹ. Awọn obinrin ti ko si labẹ iyasọtọ ti nṣiṣe lọwọ ni iṣẹ-ogbin. Nigbagbogbo ilẹ naa jẹ ohun ini lagbegbe laisi awọn igbasilẹ aṣẹ ti nini. Awọn agbẹ ti o wa ni agbegbe, ti n gbe ni awọn ipele ifunni, ni aniyan diẹ sii pẹlu yago fun ewu ju jijẹ èrè. Agbegbe naa wa labẹ awọn ogbele igbakọọkan, ati ifẹ fun ipese omi iduroṣinṣin jẹ ọkan ninu awọn idi fun ṣiṣe idido naa. == Eto == Ni 1969, [[Àgbájọ fún Oúnjẹ àti Iṣẹ́àgbẹ̀|Ajo Ounje ati Ogbin]] (FAO) ti gbejade iroyin kan ti o ṣe iṣeduro idamu kekere kan ati ilana irigeson ni [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Talata Mafara|Talata Mafara]], pẹlu awọn idamu ti o ga julọ fun iṣakoso iṣan omi. Iroyin FAO tẹnumọ pataki ti ọna mimu ti yoo ni ipa diẹ si awọn ilana lilo ilẹ ti o wa, ni apakan nitori aini iriri pẹlu awọn iṣẹ irigeson ni agbegbe naa. Ni ọdun 1971 ijọba ologun Naijiria pe awọn igbero fun apẹrẹ ati abojuto iṣẹ akanṣe ati, ni ọdun 1972, fi iṣẹ naa fun Impressit Bakolori Nigeria, ile-iṣẹ kan ti o jẹ 60% nipasẹ ijọba Naijiria ati 40% nipasẹ oniranlọwọ ti [[Fiat]] . Lakoko akoko ikẹkọọ 1972 si 1974, ipari iṣẹ akanṣe naa gbooro lati bo idido nla kan ṣoṣo ati ero irigeson mechanized kan ti o tobi. Awọn agbe agbegbe ko ni imọran ninu ilana igbero ati pe ko si iwadi ti ipa isalẹ. == Ikole == Ikole idido naa bẹrẹ ni ọdun 1974 o si pari ni ọdun 1978, lẹhin eyi o gba ọdun mẹta fun ifiomipamo lati kun. Idido naa jẹ {{Convert|5.5|km|0}} embankment-kún ilẹ, pẹlu agbedemeji kọnja aarin 360&nbsp;m gun ati 48&nbsp;m giga ti o ṣafikun ile-iṣẹ agbara hydroelectric 3 MW kekere kan. Awọn paipu irigeson ati awọn ikanni ko pari titi di ọdun 1983 ati pe o bo saare 23,000 nikan ni akawe si 30,000 saare ti a pinnu ni ipilẹṣẹ. Omi ti a fi jiṣẹ si awọn saare 15,000 nipasẹ awọn sprinklers ati si 8,000 saare nipasẹ walẹ. Awọn sprinklers jẹ gbowolori ṣugbọn ṣe lilo daradara diẹ sii ti omi ti o ba tọju daradara. Lẹhin awọn idiyele idiyele, iṣẹ irigeson pari bi ọkan ninu awọn gbowolori julọ fun saare ni agbaye. Ikole idido naa, pẹlu ipele ilẹ, imukuro ati ikole lila run awọn ilẹ oko ti o niyelori ati awọn igi. Àwọn àgbẹ̀ àdúgbò náà di àgbẹ̀ tí kò ní ilẹ̀. Pupọ ko gba ẹsan, tabi ti a fun ni ilẹ asan. Awọn ti o duro ni a fi agbara mu lati gbin awọn irugbin ti a ko mọ gẹgẹbi alikama. Nígbà iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé, àwọn àgbẹ̀ àdúgbò náà kò ní ọ̀nà tí wọ́n fi lè gbọ́ bùkátà ara wọn fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún. Ni ikọlu awọn olufihan ni Oṣu kọkanla ọdun 1979, gomina ipinlẹ Sokoto, [[Shehu Kangiwa]], ṣeleri lati yanju gbogbo awọn ẹdun ọkan wọn. Bibẹẹkọ, ni ọjọ 28 Oṣu Kẹrin ọdun 1980 awọn ọlọpa gbe wọle lori awọn olufihan ti ko ni ihamọra o si pa eniyan ti o ju 380 lọ. Ijọba naa dun iṣẹlẹ naa, ni sisọ pe 25 nikan ni o ku. == Ipa isalẹ == Awọn agbe iṣan omi ti o wa ni isalẹ nilo itusilẹ omi nla ṣaaju akoko idagbasoke, pẹlu awọn ṣiṣan ti o dinku nigbamii bi wọn ṣe nṣe adaṣe ipadasẹhin iṣan omi.<ref name="Adam19932">{{cite journal|last=Adams|first=W.M.|date=September 1993|title=Development's deaf ear: Downstream users and water releases from the Bakolori Dam, Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-development_1993-09_21_9/page/1405|journal=World Development|volume=21|issue=9|pages=1405–1416|doi=10.1016/0305-750X(93)90121-O}}</ref> Awọn oniṣẹ idamu ko ni ifarabalẹ si iwulo yii, itusilẹ omi ti ko to ni awọn akoko ti ko yẹ.<ref>{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/futurelargedamsd00scud/page/n253 236]|title=The future of large dams: dealing with social, environmental, institutional and political costs|url=https://archive.org/details/futurelargedamsd00scud|url-access=limited|last=Scudder|first=Thayer|publisher=Earthscan|year=2005|isbn=1-84407-155-3}}</ref> Idido naa dinku ni pataki awọn ṣiṣan tente oke ati ijinle, iye akoko ati iye iṣan omi ni isalẹ lakoko akoko tutu.<ref name="Adam19933" /><ref name="Adam20002">{{cite web|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/eianew/eia/dams%20and%20development/kbase/contrib/soc195.pdf|title=Downstream Impacts of Dams|last=Adams|first=William|date=January 2000|work=Thematic Review I.1|publisher=World Commission on Dams|accessdate=2010-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225071601/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/eianew/eia/dams%20and%20development/kbase/contrib/soc195.pdf|archive-date=2012-02-25}}</ref> Ó tún dín iye omi tó wà fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ kù, níwọ̀n bó ti jẹ́ pé omi ńlá kan tó wà ní àgbègbè gbígbóná tó sì gbẹ máa ń pàdánù ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ omi. Ni awọn agbegbe ti o wa ni isalẹ, ti apapọ 19,000 saare ti ilẹ iṣan omi, idido naa yorisi isonu ti 7,000 saare ti iṣelọpọ iresi ati 5,000 saare ti awọn irugbin akoko igba otutu.<ref>{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/greendevelopment00adam_182/page/n257 231]|title=Green development: environment and sustainability in the Third World|url=https://archive.org/details/greendevelopment00adam_182|url-access=limited|last=Adams|first=William Mark|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|isbn=0-415-14766-2}}</ref> Ipadanu yii jẹ aiṣedeede ni apakan nipasẹ awọn alekun ni iye jero kekere ati iṣelọpọ oka, ṣugbọn eniyan 12,000 ni a fi agbara mu lati gbe. Ipadanu ti iṣelọpọ ogbin ti ni idiyele ni US$7&nbsp;million lododun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/28/000333037_20080328012434/Rendered/PDF/263270NWP0REPL10Wetlands0Management.pdf|title=Water Resources and Environment Technical Note G.3 Wetlands Management|publisher=[[World Bank]]|place=Washington, D.C. US|last=de Schutter|first=Joop|year=2003|page=15|accessdate=2015-09-12}}</ref> == Ifomipamo ati agbegbe irigeson == Awọn ifiomipamo ni o ni jo kekere littoral agbegbe, eyi ti o se idinwo awọn iwọn ti Spawning ati nọsìrì agbegbe ti julọ eja. Omi naa jẹ turbid, didimu awọn patikulu ile ti o daduro ti o di ina ati ṣe idiwọ idagbasoke ti awọn ohun ọgbin inu omi ti o wa lori eyiti ẹja gbarale fun ounjẹ. Eyi ṣe idiwọn agbara ti ifiomipamo fun iṣelọpọ ẹja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/T1230E/T1230E08.htm|title=Fishery Resources of Nigerian Inland Waters|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization|accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref> Awọn ifiomipamo jẹ kere productive ju odo ati awọn odo ká adayeba adagun ati adagun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/T1230E/T1230E06.htm#ch4.1|title=Fishery Resources of Nigerian Inland Waters - The Niger/Sokoto River Basin|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization|accessdate=2010-01-22}}</ref> Ni agbegbe ti a fi omi ṣan, omi ti o ga julọ ti o ni idapo pẹlu awọn oṣuwọn evaporation ti o ga julọ ti fa salinization, eyiti o ti bajẹ idaji ilẹ irrigable. Awọn ipele ti o ga julọ ti awọn arun ti a bi ni omi tun wa. Awọn igbiyanju lati ṣafihan awọn oriṣi tuntun ti [[Eso oyinbo|cowpea]] laarin awọn jero, oka ati epa ko ni aṣeyọri diẹ nitori ikore kekere ti irugbin ibile yii ati idiyele giga ti awọn eto irigeson.<ref>{{cite book|page=88|title=Tropical grain legume bulletin, Issue 28|author=M.O.E. Orode|date=1984-11-09|publisher=International Grain Legume Information Centre}}</ref> Ni ọdun 2003, eto sprinkler ko ṣiṣẹ mọ ati pe 7,500 saare nikan ni wọn n gbin, pupọ julọ fun iresi, ni lilo irigeson ti o jẹun. A fi ilẹ silẹ titi di igba. Ọpọlọpọ awọn olugbe ti lọ si awọn ilu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usaid.gov/ng/downloads/markets/irrigated_rice_study_report.pdf|title=Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Irrigated Rice Productivity in Nigeria|author=M. Kebbeh, S. Haefele and S. O. Fagade1|date=September 2003|publisher=West Africa Rice Development Association|accessdate=2010-01-11|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116122312/http://www.usaid.gov/ng/downloads/markets/irrigated_rice_study_report.pdf|archivedate=2008-11-16}}</ref> Dam Bakolori yorisi idinku 53% ni agbegbe ti o ṣee lo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/student/2005/theme.asp|title=Background on issues relating to Water|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2010-01-11|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604105506/http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/student/2005/theme.asp|archivedate=2011-06-04}}</ref> Awọn onkọwe iroyin kan lori ''Wise Use of Wetlands'' ti [[UNESCO]] ṣejade ni ọdun 1988 pari pe “iyẹwo eto-ọrọ eto-aje ti o peye ni Bakolori yoo ti ni itẹlọrun diẹ sii ju iṣiro ti o ti fọwọsi.” <ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/wise_use_of_wetlands_-_g._e._hollis_m._m._holland_e._maltby_and_j._s._larson.pdf|title=Wise Use of Wetlands|author1=G. E. Hollis|author2=M. M. Holland|author3=E. Maltby|author4=J. S. Larson|name-list-style=amp|series=Nature and Resources|volume=XXIV|issue=1|date=January–March 1988|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> == Awọn itọkasi == nynzc3urheqs7mhp89p7z0fbzn5u0ku Sayyid Mumtaz Ali 0 74509 632129 609756 2026-08-19T18:30:17Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi''' ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1860, tí o sì papòdà ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀dógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1935. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀mọ̀wé [[Mùsùlùmí|Musulumi]] [[Sunni]] ará ìlu [[Índíà|India]] àti alágbàwí ti ètò àwọn obìnrin ní òpin ọ̀rúndún 19th. Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ jáde ní ilé-ìwé ti Darul Uloom Deoband . Ìwé rẹ̀ ''Huquq-e-Niswan'' àti ìwé ìròyìn ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyàwó rẹ̀ Muhammadi Begum ni a sọ pé wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn iṣẹ́ aṣáájú-ọ̀nà lórí ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn obìnrin. <ref name="mansoor">{{Cite journal|jstor=1388032|title=Religion and Women: Islamic Modernism versus Fundamentalism|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-for-the-scientific-study-of-religion_1998-03_37_1/page/116|last1=Moaddel|first1=Mansoor|journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion|year=1998|volume=37|issue=1|page=116|doi=10.2307/1388032}}</ref> == Ìgbésíayé == Wọ́n bí Sayyid Mumtaz Ali ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, ọdún 1860 ní Deoband, Ìlú Gẹ̀ẹ́sì India . <ref name="asir">{{Cite book|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta|last1=[[Asir Adrawi]]|location=[[Deoband]]}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ ẹlẹgbẹ́ àti àsìkò ti [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] o si kọ ẹkọ ni Darul Uloom Deoband pẹ̀lú Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi àti Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi . <ref name="sumit">{{Cite book|title=Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader|last1=Sarkar|first1=Sumit|year=2008}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí Mumtaz Ali kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ yege ní ilé ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́wé Deoband, Mumtaz Ali kó lọ sí [[Lahore]] ó sì dá ilé itejade ìtàwé “Darul Isha’at” sílẹ̀. Ni ọjọ́ kínní oṣù Kéje ọdún 1898, ó ṣe ìwé tí àkọọ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan kan'' sílẹ̀ lábẹ́ olóòótú ìyàwó rẹ̀ Muhammadi Begum . <ref name="sahafat">{{Cite book|author1=Nayab Hasan Qasmi|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati ManzarNama|publisher=Idara Tehqeeq-e-Islami, [[Deoband]]}}</ref> Ìwé yii dáwọ́ dúró ní ọdún 1949. <ref name="thenews" /> Ní ọdún 1898, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ilé iṣẹ́ kan tí ó ń tẹ ìwé-jáde tí a pè ní " Rifah-e-Aam Press " ní Lahore èyí tí ó jẹ́ àtẹ̀jáde àkọ́kọ́ ní Lahore tí olùdásílẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ Musulumi. Ní 1905, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìwé-àkọọ́lẹ̀ kan, tí a pè ní, ''Mushīr-e-Mādar'' (oòlùmọ̀nran sí ìyá), lẹ́hìn náà, ó ṣe ìwé tí àwọn ọmọdé tí àkọọ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''Phūl'' (òdòdó) ní 1909, <ref name="asir"/> ó sì fi ìpìlẹ̀ àwọn ìwé ọmọdé lélẹ̀ ní Urdu . <ref name="sahafat" /> Mumtaz Ali ni wọ́n fi oyè "Shams-ul-Ulama" dálọ́lá nípasẹ̀ Ìjọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ti India ní ọdún 1934. Ó kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀dógún ọdún 1935 ní Lahore. <ref name="asir"/> == Àwọn iṣẹ́ litiréṣọ̀ == * ''Huquq-e-Niswan'' * ''Taz̲kiratulanbiyā'' * ''Tafṣīl al-bayān fī maqāṣid al-Qurʼān'' ( volumes 6 ) * ''Naqsh bo uṭhe'' Òpìtàn ará Amẹ́ríkà, Gail Minault jiyàn nínú àpilẹ̀kọ rẹ̀ “Sayyid Mumtaz Ali àti ‘Huquq un-Niswan’: Agbẹjọ́rò ti Ẹ̀tọ́ Àwọn Obìnrin nínú Ìsìláàmù ní Ìpẹ̀kun Ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún” pé, Mumtaz Ali’s “ ''Huquq-e-Niswan'' láì ṣe àní-àní ti jìnnà jù ní ìlọsíwájú . tí àwọn oníwé-ìgbà. Fún àríyànjiyàn lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nípa pàtàkì àtúnṣe ara ẹni Musulumi, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ó dára láti rántí olutayo àkọ́kọ́ ti ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn obìnrin ní shari’a ." <ref name="gail">{{Cite journal|title=Sayyid Mumtaz Ali and 'Huquq un-Niswan': An Advocate of Women's Rights in Islam in the Late Nineteenth Century|author1=Minault|pages=147–172|url=free}}</ref> Ní fífi ìgbóríyìn fún iṣẹ́ Mumtaz Ali, ''Tafṣīl al-bayān fī maqāṣid al-Qurʼān'', Mufti Atóbilọ́lá ti Jerúsálẹ́mù tẹ́lẹ̀, Àmín al-Husseini, sọ pé “irú ìwé bẹ́ẹ̀ kò tilẹ̀ sí ní ilẹ̀ Lárúbáwá pàápàá”. <ref name="sahafat"/> Iṣẹ́ ìwọ̀n dídùn 6 yìí ti Mumtaz Ali lori Al-Qur’an tun gba iyin lati ọdọ awọn onimọ-jinlẹ pẹlu Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Abul Kalam Azad ati Syed Sulaiman Nadwi . <ref name="sahafat" /> == Awọn itọkasi == {{Reflist}} == Ita ìjápọ == * [https://www.sabrang.com/cc/archive/2009/oct09/cover1.html Adaparọ Apejuwe, ti a mu lati inu iwe Sayyid Mumtaz Ali ''ti Huquq-e-Niswan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719165853/https://www.sabrang.com/cc/archive/2009/oct09/cover1.html |date=2023-07-19 }}, ti Javed Anand tumọ si Gẹẹsi. [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1935]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1860]] qvkkuomiccii8dyhnkoavmsp2iyqbcb Tehzeeb-e-Niswan 0 74527 632141 620243 2026-08-19T18:44:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan''' (Ni Èdè Urdu: تہذیبِ نسواں) jẹ iwe irohin ti ẹsin [[Mùsùlùmí|musulumi]] ọsọsẹ fun awọn óbinrin ti [[Sayyid Mumtaz Ali]] ati iyawoó rẹ Muhammadi Begum da kalẹ ni ọdun 1898. Èyi jẹ iṣẹ akọkọ to da lori ẹtọ awọn óbinrin ni islam<ref name="mansoor">{{cite journal |jstor = 1388032|title = Religion and Women: Islamic Modernism versus Fundamentalism|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-for-the-scientific-study-of-religion_1998-03_37_1/page/116|last1 = Moaddel|first1 = Mansoor|journal = Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion|year = 1998|volume = 37|issue = 1|page = 116|doi = 10.2307/1388032}}</ref>. Wọn tẹ jade lati ilẹ Lahore ni aarin ọdun 1898 ati 1949. ==Ìtan Tehzeeb-e-Niswan== Syed Ahmad Khan sọ Tehzeeb-e-Niswan lórukọ. Iwè iroyin nipa ẹtọ awọn óbinrin bẹrẹ lati ọdọ Sayyid Mumtaz Ali ati iyawó rẹ Muhammadi Begum ni ọdun 1898<ref name="Kamran 2018 h891">{{cite web | last=Kamran | first=Tahir | title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II | website=thenews.com.pk | date=2018-07-08 | url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii | access-date=2023-09-14 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Issue rẹ akọkọ ni wọn tẹ jade ni ọjọ akọkọ, óṣu july, ọdun 1898, o bẹrẹ pẹlu awẹ mẹjọ, mẹwa lẹyin naa ni awẹ mẹ̀rin dinlogun<ref name="Joseph Najmabadi 2003 p. ">{{cite book | last=Joseph | first=S. | last2=Najmabadi | first2=A. | title=Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures | publisher=Brill | series=Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures | issue=v. 1 | year=2003 | isbn=978-90-04-13247-4 | url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=rv0iAQAAIAAJ | access-date=2023-09-14 | page=}}</ref><ref name="Jones 1992 p. 183">{{cite book | last=Jones | first=K.W. | title=Religious Controversy in British India: Dialogues in South Asian Languages | publisher=State University of New York Press | series=SUNY series in religious studies | year=1992 | isbn=978-0-7914-0827-8 | url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=EmY9fsUTjwYC&pg=PA183 | access-date=2023-09-14 | page=183}}</ref>. Iyawò Mumtaz Ali jẹ akọkọ alatunkọ fun Tehzeeb-e-Niswan, lẹyin iku rẹ ọmọbirin rẹ, Waheeda Begum ṣatunkọ iwè iroyin naa<ref name="Kamran 2018 h891" />. Ọmọkunrin Mumtaz, Imtiaz Ali Taj ati awọn ónimimọ bi Majeed Salik ati Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi ṣatunkọ iwè iroyin naa<ref name="sahafat">{{cite book |author1=Nayab Hasan Qasmi |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati ManzarNama |publisher=Idara Tehqeeq-e-Islami, Deoband |pages=147–151 |chapter = Mawlāna Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi}}</ref>. Iwè royin naa ti ṣè iranlọwọ fun ọpọlọpọ awọn akọwè lóbinrin lati lokiki. Ninu iwadi akọle Ijagbara fun óbinrin ninu Akèwi Urdu Igbalódè, Ambreen Salahuddin kọ pe lati ibẹrẹ iwè iroyin naa ni awọn óbinrin ti kọ ayọka lori inakuna ati óhun àsan nipa ówó ori<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Role of Female Writers in the Promotion of Popular Literature in Urdu|url=http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/55-61.%20Faiza%20Bashir-The%20Role%20of%20Female%20Writers%20in%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Popular.pdf|journal=PUTAJ – Humanities and Social Sciences|publisher=Peshawar University Teachers’ Association|volume=23|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105151127/http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/55-61.%20Faiza%20Bashir-The%20Role%20of%20Female%20Writers%20in%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Popular.pdf|archive-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>. Gẹgẹbi Gail Minault, Tehzeeb-e-Niswan ni alabapin bi ọgọta si ààdọrin lẹyin óṣu Mẹta si mẹrin. Lẹyin ọdun mẹrin, awọn alabapin naa lẹkun pẹ̀lu ọ́ọ̀dúnrún si irinwó<ref name="minault">{{cite book |author1=Kenneth W. Jones |title=Religious Controversy in British India Dialogues in South Asian Languages |date=1992 |publisher= State University of New York Press |page=191 |isbn=9780791408278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmY9fsUTjwYC&dq=mumtaz+ali+deobandi&pg=PA183 |accessdate=22 August 2020}}</ref>. Ni ọdun 1949, iwè royin naa ṣiwọ iṣẹ<ref name="sahafat" />. ==Ìpa àtijọ== Ónimọ itan ilẹ [[Pakístàn|Pakistan]], Ghulam Rasool yin Mumtaz Ali fun Tehzeeb-e-Niswan; Awọn ọmọbinrin idilè musulumi lati Peshawar de Kanyakumari ti wọn nimọ nipa kika ati kikọ dupẹ gidi gan lọwọ Shams al-Ulama Mawlāna Mumtaz Ali fun iṣẹ takun takun lori fifi ẹ̀mi rẹ lelẹ̀ lori ẹkọ awọn óbinrin. Ti arakunrin naa ba gbayinju lati ṣiṣẹ ninu ẹ̀sin abi óṣèlu, yoo jẹ̀ ólóri to ṣè muyangan ni órilẹ ede ṣugbon eyi o bà ti mu ifàsẹyin ba ètó ẹkọ to ri ko si ẹni to tun dara ni ilana na ju Mawlāna lọ<ref name="sahafat" />. ==Awọn Itọkasi== 7jiy33wryyy0dthvd2y6wg9277lss01 Muhammadi Begum 0 74530 632174 620242 2026-08-19T19:35:33Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Muhammadi Begum (cropped).jpg|thumb|Muhammadi Begum]] {{Infobox religious biography|religion=Islam|birth_date=22 May 1878|birth_place=[[Shahpur, Punjab]], [[British India]]|death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1908|11|02|1878|05|22}}|death_place=[[Shimla]], British India|honorific_prefix=Sayyidah|name=Muhammadi Begum|image=Muhammadi Begum (cropped).jpg|notable_works=''[[Tehzeeb-e-Niswan (magazine)|Tehzeeb-e-Niswan]]''|children=[[Imtiaz Ali Taj]] (son)|relatives=[[Naeem Tahir]] (grandson), [[Faran Tahir]] (great-grandson)|spouse=[[Sayyid Mumtaz Ali]]|denomination=[[Sunni Islam]]}} '''Muhammadi Begum''' (tí a tún mò sí '''Sayyidah Muhammadi Begum'''; 22 May 1878 – 2 November 1908) ó jé onímò ìjìnlè mùsùlùmí Sunni [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslim]], ònkòwé [[Urdu language|Urdu]] àti alágbàso fún èkó obìnrin. Ó se àjodásílè ìwé ìròhìn òsè ti mùsùlùmí tí a mò sí ''[[Tehzeeb-e-Niswan]]'', tí ó sì jé olóòtú olùdásílè ìwé ìròhìn náà. Ó jé mímò gégé bíi obìnrin àkókó tí ó se olóòtú ìwé ìròhìn Urdu. Ó jé ìyàwó [[Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi]]. == Ìtàn ìdílé == Muhammadi Begum ni a bí ní ojó kejìlélógún, osù karùn odún 1878 ní [[Shahpur, Punjab]].<ref name="newspk">{{cite news|author1=Sarwat Ali|title=Stuff legends are made of|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/655864-stuff-legends-are-made-of|access-date=22 August 2020|work=[[The News International]]|date=10 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ó kó èdè [[Urdu language|Urdu]] tí ó sì di [[Hafiz (Quran)|Hafiz]] bí ó se kó àkósórí [[Quran]]. Ó kó láti ko létà láti máa bá ègbón rè obìnrin s'òrò nígbà tí ó se ìgbéyàwó ní odún 1886.<ref name="sumit">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEPYbuzOwcQC&q=mumtaz+ali+deobandi&pg=PA360|access-date=20 August 2020|title=Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader|isbn=9780253352699|last1=Sarkar|first1=Sumit|last2=Sarkar|first2=Tanika|year=2008|page=363}}</ref> Ní odún 1897, ó di ìyàwó kejì fún [[Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi]], onímò Islam àti akékò jáde ní ilé-èkó [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref name="sahafat">{{cite book|author1=Nayab Hasan Qasmi|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati ManzarNama|publisher=Idara Tehqeeq-e-Islami, [[Deoband]]|pages=147–151|chapter=Mawlana Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi}}</ref><ref name="dawn">{{cite news|author1=Rauf Parekh|title=Muhammadi Begum and Tehzeeb-e-Niswan|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1216870|access-date=22 August 2020|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Ó kó èdè Lárúbáwá àti èdè pásíà nípasè oko rè titun tí ó sì kó èkó gèésì, Hindi àti ìsirò<ref name="pioneerdawn">{{Cite web|last=Farrukhi|first=Asif|date=2018-09-16|title=NON-FICTION: A PIONEERING WOMAN OF LETTERS|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1433254|access-date=2022-05-04|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> ní ìkòkò. Ní ojó kíní, osù keje odún 1898, oko àti ìyàwó yíí bèèrè ìwé ìròhìn òsè fún àwon obìnrin tí wón n pè ní ''[[Tehzeeb-e-Niswan]]'', tí wón mò sí òkan nínú àwon isé àkókó l'óri àwon ètó àwon obìnrin nínú èsìn Islam.<ref name="mansoor">{{cite journal|jstor=1388032|title=Religion and Women: Islamic Modernism versus Fundamentalism|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-for-the-scientific-study-of-religion_1998-03_37_1/page/116|last1=Moaddel|first1=Mansoor|journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion|year=1998|volume=37|issue=1|page=116|doi=10.2307/1388032}}</ref> Ìwé ìròhìn yí se àtèjáde àwon èrò tí ó fa àríyànjiyàn nípa ìkòsílè oko àti aya [[divorce]] pèlú owó ìtójú obìnrin tí a kò [[alimony]] láti d'èkun ìda aso bo obìnrin [[purdah]] àti fífé ìyàwó púpò [[polygamy]]. Àwon ènìyàn yìn-ín gégé bíi omo orílè-èdè India obìnrin àkókó tí ó se àtìlehìn fún àwon òfin tí ó fún obìnrin<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Prasad|first1=Amar Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuXl77rkasoC&dq=muhammadi+begum&pg=PA255|page=255|title=Indian Writing In English:Critical Rum.(part-2)|last2=Joseph|first2=S. John Peter|date=2006|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-725-1|language=en}}</ref> ní àyè kàn náà bíi okùnrin l'àwùjo àti obìnrin àkókó tí ó se olóòtú ìwé ìròhìn Urdu.<ref name="dawn" /> Ó se olóòtú''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' títí di ojó ikú rè ní odún 1908.<ref name="thenews">{{cite web|author1=Tahir Kamran|authorlink1=Tahir Kamran|title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii|website=thenews.com.pk|publisher=[[The News International]]|access-date=22 August 2020|date=8 July 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Isé ìwé == Muhammadi Begum Begum se ònkòwé ogbòn ìwé bíi Shareef Beti tí ó s'isé l'óri ewu títo oko fún àwon omo obìnrin kékéèké tí ó máa n mú ìgbéyàwó<ref name="pioneerdawn" /><ref name="newspk" /> tipátipá wá. Àwon isé rè míràn ni:<ref name="pioneerdawn" /> * ''Aaj Kal'' * ''Safia Begum'' * ''Chandan Haar'' * ''Aadab e Mulaqaat'' * ''Rafeeqe Aroos'' * ''Khaanadari'' * ''Sughar Beti'' == Ikú àti Àsesílè == Ní omo ogbòn odún, Muhammadi Begum kú ní [[Shimla]] ní ojó kejì, osù kokànlá odún 1908.<ref name="dawn" /> Omo omo rè [[Naeem Tahir]] se àkójopò ìtàn ayé rè ''Sayyidah Muhammadi Begum awr Unka Khandan'' ({{Translation|Sayyidah Muhammadi Begum and her family}}).<ref name="tahir">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1433254|title=A PIONEERING WOMAN OF LETTERS|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=16 September 2018|author=[[Asif Farrukhi]]|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> Omo rè okùnrin [[Imtiaz Ali Taj]] tí ó bí ní odún 1900. Ó fún ní ìnagije "Mera Taj" (Adé mi) nígbà tí àkókò tó, yóò olùko eré orí ìtàgé asáájú tí ó sì yan orúko ìnagije "Taj" náà l'áàyò gégé bíi ara orúko rè.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-14|title=Imtiaz Ali, the Taj of Urdu drama|url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/917423/imtiaz-ali-the-taj-of-urdu-drama|access-date=2022-05-04|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> Omo rè obìnrin, Waheeda Begum, di olóòtú ìwé ìròhìn rè l'eyìn tí ó ti kojá lo. L'éyìn odún péréte ni Imtiaz Ali Taj gba ìsàkóso.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II {{!}} Political Economy {{!}} thenews.com.pk|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii|access-date=2022-05-04|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Àtókasí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Begum, Muhammadi}} {{Authority control}} hby5loe86m7og30167zxgbbks59y0ju Ipà Àyipada Óju Ọjọ ninu Ẹkọ Ọgbin 0 74572 632041 605225 2026-08-19T16:13:26Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Effects of climate change on agriculture}} [[File:Maize farming in drought areas.jpg|thumb|Ọgbin àgbado ni Ilẹ Uganda jẹ oun to nira nitori óóru ati ọgbẹlẹ to waye nitori àyipada óju ọjọ Uganda]] '''Ìpa Àyipada Óju Ọjọ ninu Ẹkọ Ọgbin''' ti jasi èrè ókó kèkèrè ati onjẹ iyè nitori ọgbẹlẹ, óoru igbi ati ìkun ómi eyi lo fa alèkun ba ajẹnirun ati ààrun ohun ọgbin<ref name="IPCC 2023 f924">{{cite web | title=AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability | website=IPCC | date=2023-09-18 | url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref><ref name="Little 2019 d188">{{cite web | last=Little | first=Amanda | title=Climate Change Is Likely to Devastate the Global Food Supply | website=Time | date=2019-08-28 | url=https://time.com/5663621/climate-change-food-supply/ | access-date=2023-09-25 | archive-date=2022-05-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502154449/https://time.com/5663621/climate-change-food-supply/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="IPCC site 2020 p545">{{cite web | title=Special Report on Climate Change and Land | website=IPCC site | date=2020-07-03 | url=https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/ | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref><ref name="The New York Times 2019 s273">{{cite web | title=Climate Change Threatens the World’s Food Supply, United Nations Warns | website=The New York Times | date=2019-08-08 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/08/climate/climate-change-food-supply.html | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. ==Ìpa lati Àyipada Àpẹrẹ́ Óju Ọjọ== [[File:Parched rice field Can Tho.JPG|thumb|Ìpa ọgbèlẹ́ ninu ókó irẹ̀si ni agbègbè Bình Thủy, Can Tho, Vietnam]] Ayipada ninu óju ọjọ ko ipa ninu àgbègbè fun iṣẹ àgbẹ. Óóru maa njẹ adikun fun ìkórè ọgbin ni gbógbó àgbègbè bi ilẹ Canada ati àpà Ariwa ilẹ U.S. Ọpọlọpọ oun ọgbin lo maa nbajẹ nitori óóru<ref name="Connor Schwabe King Knapp 2012 pp. 149–157">{{cite journal | last=Connor | first=Jeffery D. | last2=Schwabe | first2=Kurt | last3=King | first3=Darran | last4=Knapp | first4=Keith | title=Irrigated agriculture and climate change: The influence of water supply variability and salinity on adaptation | journal=Ecological Economics | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=77 | year=2012 | issn=0921-8009 | doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.02.021 | pages=149–157}}</ref><ref name="Tubiello Soussana Howden 2007 pp. 19686–19690">{{cite journal | last=Tubiello | first=Francesco N. | last2=Soussana | first2=Jean-François | last3=Howden | first3=S. Mark | title=Crop and pasture response to climate change | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2007-12-11_104_50/page/19686 | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | publisher=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume=104 | issue=50 | date=2007-12-11 | issn=0027-8424 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0701728104 | pages=19686–19690}}</ref>. Ni ọdun 2018, óóru nitori àyipada ójù ọjọ fa adinku ba ìkórè ọgbin papa julọ ilẹ Europe. Ni óṣù August, ọpọlọpọ óun ọgbin lo bajẹ eyi lo fa ọwọn ounjẹ ni àgbàyè<ref name="Internet Archive 2023 f094">{{cite web | title=Changing planet, changing health : how the climate crisis threatens our health and what we can do about it : Epstein, Paul R : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2023-03-25 | url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_c1j4 | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref><ref name="Thomson Macfadyen Hoffmann 2010 pp. 296–306">{{cite journal | last=Thomson | first=Linda J. | last2=Macfadyen | first2=Sarina | last3=Hoffmann | first3=Ary A. | title=Predicting the effects of climate change on natural enemies of agricultural pests | journal=Biological Control | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=52 | issue=3 | year=2010 | issn=1049-9644 | doi=10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.022 | pages=296–306}}</ref>. Ọgbẹlẹ ati ìkun omi maa jasi adinku ìkórè ọgbin eyi lo ma jasi iparun ọgbin ati ounjẹ. Ọgbẹlẹ ni awọn ilu to dàgbàsókè maa nfa iyan ati àìjẹunrekánú<ref name="Kristjanson2">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Kristjanson P, Neufeldt H, Gassner A, Mango J, Kyazze FB, Desta S, Sayula G, Thiede B, Förch W, Thornton PK, Coe R |year=2012 |title=Are food insecure smallholder households making changes in their farming practices? Evidence from East Africa |journal=Food Security |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.1007/s12571-012-0194-z |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Hertel2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hertel TW, Rosch SD |date=June 2010 |title=Climate Change, Agriculture, and Poverty |url=http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/91437/files/Hertel_et_al._IATRC_Summer_2010.pdf |journal=Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy|volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=355–385 |doi=10.1093/aepp/ppq016 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10986/3949 |s2cid=55848822}}</ref><ref name="Higgins 2019 o807">{{cite web | last=Higgins | first=Eoin | title=Climate Crisis Brings Historic Delay to Planting Season, Pressuring Farmers and Food Prices | website=EcoWatch | date=2019-05-29 | url=https://www.ecowatch.com/climate-crisis-farmers-planting-season-2638398287.html | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Fifi ómi si nkan ọgbin dinku eyi lo ma fa adinku ba ìkórè ọgbin. Nitori airi ójó, atiri ómi fun nkan ọgbin jẹ inira nitori pe latari ọgbẹlẹ ọpọlọpọ ódó lo maa ngbẹ eyi lo mu wiwa ómi lọsi ibómiran<ref name="Dai 2010 pp. 45–65">{{cite journal | last=Dai | first=Aiguo | title=Drought under global warming: a review | journal=WIREs Climate Change | publisher=Wiley | volume=2 | issue=1 | date=2010-10-19 | issn=1757-7780 | doi=10.1002/wcc.81 | pages=45–65}}</ref><ref name="Mishra Singh 2011 pp. 157–175">{{cite journal | last=Mishra | first=Ashok K. | last2=Singh | first2=Vijay P. | title=Drought modeling – A review | journal=Journal of Hydrology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=403 | issue=1-2 | year=2011 | issn=0022-1694 | doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.049 | pages=157–175}}</ref><ref name="Ding 2010 k661">{{cite web | last=Ding | first=Ya | title=Measuring Economic Impacts of Drought: A Review and Discussion | website=DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln | date=2010-03-10 | url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/196/ | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Nitóri afikun aropin iwọn gbigbona tabi otutu, ọgbẹ̀lẹ wọpọ ni ilẹ Africa, Australia, gùùsù Europe ati Asia. Ìpa naa pọ nitori aini omi ati idàgbàsókè ilú. Ọgbẹlẹ jẹ́ akoba fun óun ọgbin ati nkan ọsin. Awọn àgbẹ maa nkuró ni àgbègbè kan lọ si ibó miran nitori ọgbẹlẹ<ref name="The New York Times 2021 v548">{{cite web | title=When Heat Waves, Wildfires and Drought Grip Oregon and Washington | website=The New York Times | date=2021-09-04 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/04/business/economy/heat-wildfires-drought-farmworkers.html | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. ==Ayipada Óju Ọjọ ninu Àjẹnirun, Ààrun Óhun Ọgbin ati Kórikó== [[File:Desert Locust swarm.jpg|thumb|Ipa kókóró Èsusu ninu Aṣálẹ ati àyipada ójù ọjọ]] Àfikun aropin iwọn gbigbona tabi otutu ko ipa ninu àjẹnirun, ààrun ọgbin ati korikó eyi lo fa adinkun ba ìkórè ọgbin<ref name="Chakraborty Newton 2011 pp. 2–14">{{cite journal | last=Chakraborty | first=S. | last2=Newton | first2=A. C. | title=Climate change, plant diseases and food security: an overview | journal=Plant Pathology | publisher=Wiley | volume=60 | issue=1 | date=2011-01-10 | issn=0032-0862 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02411.x | pages=2–14}}</ref><ref name="Leonard 2006 y197">{{cite web | last=Leonard | first=Abigail W. | title=Global Warming Could Trigger Insect Population Boom | website=livescience.com | date=2006-11-04 | url=https://www.livescience.com/4296-global-warming-trigger-insect-population-boom.html | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Kókóró aifójuri ti ko pa ninu èrè ókó àgbàyè, ipèlè yi lè fa alèku ba óun ọgbin ati idàgbàsókè awọn àjẹnirun. Ìgbà óóru maa fa àlèkun ba idàgbàsókè ba kókóró inu ókó. Awọn ẹya kókóró yii ni wọn tete maa nbimọ nitori ayipada òjù ọjọ<ref name="Sgrò Terblanche Hoffmann 2016 pp. 433–451">{{cite journal | last=Sgrò | first=Carla M. | last2=Terblanche | first2=John S. | last3=Hoffmann | first3=Ary A. | title=What Can Plasticity Contribute to Insect Responses to Climate Change? | journal=Annual Review of Entomology | publisher=Annual Reviews | volume=61 | issue=1 | date=2016-03-11 | issn=0066-4170 | doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023859 | pages=433–451}}</ref><ref name="Luck Spackman Freeman Tre˛bicki 2011 pp. 113–121">{{cite journal | last=Luck | first=J. | last2=Spackman | first2=M. | last3=Freeman | first3=A. | last4=Tre˛bicki | first4=P. | last5=Griffiths | first5=W. | last6=Finlay | first6=K. | last7=Chakraborty | first7=S. | title=Climate change and diseases of food crops | journal=Plant Pathology | publisher=Wiley | volume=60 | issue=1 | date=2011-01-10 | issn=0032-0862 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02414.x | pages=113–121}}</ref>. Ìkun ómi tabi ójó to lagbara maa nfa àlèkun ba idagbasókè awọn ajẹnirun ọgbin ati ààrun. Ọgbẹlẹ ni apa kan maa nfa idagbasókè óriṣiriṣi àjẹnirun bi kokoró aphid, ẹfọn funfun ati èsù<ref name="Rodenburg Meinke Johnson 2011 i037">{{cite web | last=Rodenburg | first=J | last2=Meinke | first2=Holger | last3=Johnson | first3=DE | title=Challenges for weed management in African rice systems in a changing climate | publisher=University Of Tasmania | date=2011-05-03 | url=https://figshare.utas.edu.au/articles/journal_contribution/Challenges_for_weed_management_in_African_rice_systems_in_a_changing_climate/22881719 | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Ayipada ójù ọjọ le jasi óóru eyi lo ma fa ki èsù bó awọn ókó nibi ti wọn ti ma ba oun ọgbin jẹ<ref name="UNEP 2020 q799">{{cite web | title=Locust swarms and climate change | website=UNEP | date=2020-02-06 | url=https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/locust-swarms-and-climate-change | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Eyi ti ṣẹlẹ ni órilẹ èdè ìla óórun Afrika ni ibẹrẹ ọdun 2020. ==Ìṣiró Awọn Ìkóre Ìrugbin Apapọ agbaye== [[File:Projected impact of climate change on agricultural yields by the 2080s, compared to 2003 levels (Cline, 2007).png|thumb|upright=1.5|Àkànṣè Ètó lori Ìpa ayipada óju ọjọ ninu Ìkórè Ìrugbin ni Ọdun 2080s pẹlu afiwè ipèlè ọdun 2003]] Ni ọdun 2007, Iwọn àyipada óju ọjọ ṣè àlèkun ba óun ọgbin latari ójó ṣugbọn gbẹkèlè óriṣiriṣi àgbègbè. Àkànṣè Ètó sọpè eyi lè dinku èbi lagbayè ni ọdun 2080 pẹlu afiwè ipèlè ọdun 2006<ref name="ipcc.ch 2010 b251">{{cite web | title=C. Current knowledge about future impacts - AR4 WGII Summary for Policymakers | website=ipcc.ch | date=2010-01-25 | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102223635/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html | archive-date=2018-11-02 | | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref><ref name="Executive summary 2010 d330">{{cite web | title=AR4 WGII Chapter 5: Food, Fibre, and Forest Products | website=Executive summary | date=2010-02-12 | url=http://ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5s5-es.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312073614/http://ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5s5-es.html | archive-date=2013-03-12 | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Awọn ìpènija to pataki wa lati óun ọgbin to gbẹkẹlè omi tabi ti wọn wa ni àgbègbè ti o gbóna. <ref name="ipcc.ch 2010 x232">{{cite web | title=AR4 WGII Technical Summary - TS.1 Scope, approach and method of the Working Group II assessment | website=ipcc.ch | date=2010-02-10 | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/tssts-1.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608055450/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/tssts-1.html | archive-date=2011-06-08 | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref><ref name="ipcc.ch 2010 w426">{{cite web | title=19.3.1 Introduction to - AR4 WGII Chapter 19: Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change | website=ipcc.ch | date=2010-05-02 | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-3-1.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312103028/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-3-1.html | archive-date=2013-03-12 | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Ìgbimọ Iwadi Apapọ ti US ṣiṣẹ lori ìpa ayipada óju ọjọ lori ìkórè irugbin ni ọdun 2011. Ìṣiró wọn nipè ayipada ninu ikórè lè dinkun tabi lèkin. Iwadi ọdun 2014 sọpè ikorè irugbin le dinku ni arin kèji Ọrundun pẹlu ipa to lagbara ni àgbègbè ti tropical ju àgbègbè iwọn otutu lọ<ref name="National Academies Press 2011 p. ">{{cite book | title=Climate Stabilization Targets | publisher=National Academies Press | publication-place=Washington, D.C. | date=2011-02-11 | isbn=978-0-309-15176-4 | doi=10.17226/12877 | page=}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12877 |title=Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia |date=2011-02-11 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-15176-4 |location=Washington, D.C. |doi=10.17226/12877}}</ref>. ==Awọn Ìtọkasi== jqkmt1kva6vangx2zv1eluy02n9wmbc JJC Skillz 0 74585 632070 588509 2026-08-19T17:02:03Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Abdulrasheed Bello|image=JJC Skillz.jpg|caption=|Birth_name=Abdulrasheed Bello|Alias=<!-- Please do not add nicknames to this field. The alias field is specifically for listing official stage names for the act or solo artist other than the name in the |name= parameter. -->|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1977|04|04}}|birth_place=[[Kano State]], Nigeria|Genre={{hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[Afrobeats]]|[[African hip hop#Nigeria|Nigerian hip hop]] |[[Rap]]}}|Occupation={{hlist|Rapper|Producer|Singer|songwriter|}}|Years_active=2004–present|Label=|Instrument=Vocals}} [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Abdulrasheed Bello''' (ti a bi 4 Kẹrin ọdun 1977, Kano) ti àwọn ènìyàn mọ sí Skillz tabi JJC Skillz jẹ akọrin, olorin kan ti orilẹ-ede [[Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]], olorin, igbasilẹ ati olupilẹṣẹ fíìmù lórí tẹlifisiọnu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/|title=How I won Funke Akindele’s heart –JJC Skillz|website=The sun}}</ref> JJC Skillz ní idanimọ ni Nigeria lẹhin ìgbéjáde orin rẹ̀ kan, tí àkọ́lé rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''We are Africans'', èyí tó jẹ́ afrobeats.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201301140455.html|title=Entertainers to Look Out for This Year|last=Abraham|first=Anthony Ada|date=January 12, 2013|work=Leadership (Abuja)}}</ref> Ṣaaju si aṣeyọri ti ''We are Africans'', Skillz jẹ olupilẹṣẹ fun ile-iṣẹ igbasilẹ hip-hop ti Ilu Gẹẹsi ati ẹgbẹ olorin Big Brovaz.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3148889.stm|title=Nigerians rap against fraud|date=2003-08-15|access-date=2019-08-29|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ni Oṣu Keji ọdun 2002, o tu awo-orin Uncomfortable rẹ, Atide, awo-orin esiperimenta pẹlu awọn orin ni ede Gẹẹsi ati awọn ede Naijiria ati pe o ni ipa nipasẹ hip hop, Afirika ati awọn aza orin salsa.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Kwaku|date=January 18, 2003|title=Words and Deeds|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_billboard_2003-01-18_115_3/page/39|magazine=Billboard|page=39}}</ref> Òun àti ìyàwó tó fé nígbà kan, ìyẹn [[Funke Akindele]], tí wọ́n sì ti túká báyìí ní wọ́n jọ ṣàgbéjáde ètò orí ẹ̀rọ-amóhùnmáwòrán kan, tí àkọ́lé rẹ̀ jé Industreet<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/funke-akindele-hubby-mirror-music-industry-new-drama-series-industreet/|title=Funke Akindele, hubby, mirror music industry in new drama series, Industreet|date=2017-06-01|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref>. == Iṣẹ́ àfikún == A bi Bello ni Kano o si fi Nigeria silẹ fun U.K. nigbati o jẹ ọmọ ọdun mẹrinla. O ṣe agbekalẹ ifẹ ati riri orin ti o tẹtisi awọn igbasilẹ orin orilẹ-ede baba rẹ ati orin juju<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm|title=JJC|website=www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025818/http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. Ni U.K., o fa si orin hip-hop ati laipẹ ṣẹda ẹgbẹ orin kan pẹlu ọrẹ kan, lẹhinna wọn bẹrẹ ṣiṣe ni awọn ifihan talenti. Orukọ ipele rẹ, JJC tumọ si pe Johnny kan wa, ọrọ kan ti awọn ọmọ orilẹ-ede Naijiria lo lati ṣe apejuwe awọn ti o de tuntun si ilu naa. Ise agbese iṣelọpọ akọkọ ti Bello ni iṣọpọ awọn igbasilẹ Big Brovas ati apapọ Brovas nla. Ni ọdun 2004, o tu Atide silẹ, awo-orin Uncomfortable rẹ pẹlu ẹgbẹ 419. Awọn kirediti iṣelọpọ rẹ pẹlu Weird MC's Ioya, Pu Yanga nipasẹ Tillaman, ati Morile nipasẹ Buoqui<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html|title=Nigeriaworld -- Return of JJC (aka Skillz)|website=nigeriaworld.com|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=2019-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829235119/https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. O tun wa si ibi orin Afirika ti o ṣẹda awọn iṣẹ akanṣe bii Afropean (ifun Afro-European) ati Afrobeats<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1112133-jjc-skillz-biography-a-husband-funke-akindele.html|title=JCC Skillz: Top facts we should know about him|first=George|last=Ibenegbu|date=July 4, 2017|website=www.legit.ng}}</ref>. == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Ṣaaju igbeyawo rẹ si Akindele, obìnrin méta ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọl ló bí ọmọ fún Bello<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/|title=How I won Funke Akindele’s heart –JJC Skillz|website=The sun}}</ref>. O fẹ Funke Akindele ni ọdun 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/09/funke-akindele-husband-biography.html|title=Funke Akindele Husband Biography|website=Information Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailypost.ng/2019/01/06/married-funke-akindele-jjc-skillz/amp/|title=Why I married Funke Akindele – JJC Skillz|website=dailypost.ng}}</ref>. Ni ọdun 2018, tọkọtaya naa bi ibeji<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.punchng.com/funke-akindele-jjc-skillz-welcome-twins/amp/|title=Funke Akindele, JJC Skillz welcome twins|website=punchng.com}}</ref>. Ni osu kefa odun 2022, Bello ṣe ìfitóniléti lórí Instagram rẹ pe òun àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ ti pinnu lati lepa igbesi aye wọn lọ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/539961-jjc-skillz-confirms-his-marriage-to-funke-akindele-has-ended.html?tztc=1|access-date=2023-03-03|website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref>. Olupilẹṣẹ orin naa ni iyawo iyawo Ebira ni ipinle Kano ni Oṣu Kẹta ọdun 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Owolawi|first=Taiwo|date=2023-03-02|title="Fear men": Video as Funke Akindele's ex-hubby JJC Skillz reportedly remarries|url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1522990-men-dont-waste-time-funke-akindeles-husband-jjc-skillz-reportedly-secretly-remarries-months/|access-date=2023-03-03|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> == Àwọn àlàyé == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1977]] 7g3xrldisbzd33nnzvn5t4oj7nnejie 632071 632070 2026-08-19T17:02:04Z KiranBOT 31499 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1s 632071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Abdulrasheed Bello|image=JJC Skillz.jpg|caption=|Birth_name=Abdulrasheed Bello|Alias=<!-- Please do not add nicknames to this field. The alias field is specifically for listing official stage names for the act or solo artist other than the name in the |name= parameter. -->|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1977|04|04}}|birth_place=[[Kano State]], Nigeria|Genre={{hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[Afrobeats]]|[[African hip hop#Nigeria|Nigerian hip hop]] |[[Rap]]}}|Occupation={{hlist|Rapper|Producer|Singer|songwriter|}}|Years_active=2004–present|Label=|Instrument=Vocals}} [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Abdulrasheed Bello''' (ti a bi 4 Kẹrin ọdun 1977, Kano) ti àwọn ènìyàn mọ sí Skillz tabi JJC Skillz jẹ akọrin, olorin kan ti orilẹ-ede [[Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]], olorin, igbasilẹ ati olupilẹṣẹ fíìmù lórí tẹlifisiọnu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/|title=How I won Funke Akindele’s heart –JJC Skillz|website=The sun}}</ref> JJC Skillz ní idanimọ ni Nigeria lẹhin ìgbéjáde orin rẹ̀ kan, tí àkọ́lé rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''We are Africans'', èyí tó jẹ́ afrobeats.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201301140455.html|title=Entertainers to Look Out for This Year|last=Abraham|first=Anthony Ada|date=January 12, 2013|work=Leadership (Abuja)}}</ref> Ṣaaju si aṣeyọri ti ''We are Africans'', Skillz jẹ olupilẹṣẹ fun ile-iṣẹ igbasilẹ hip-hop ti Ilu Gẹẹsi ati ẹgbẹ olorin Big Brovaz.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3148889.stm|title=Nigerians rap against fraud|date=2003-08-15|access-date=2019-08-29|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ni Oṣu Keji ọdun 2002, o tu awo-orin Uncomfortable rẹ, Atide, awo-orin esiperimenta pẹlu awọn orin ni ede Gẹẹsi ati awọn ede Naijiria ati pe o ni ipa nipasẹ hip hop, Afirika ati awọn aza orin salsa.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Kwaku|date=January 18, 2003|title=Words and Deeds|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_billboard_2003-01-18_115_3/page/39|magazine=Billboard|page=39}}</ref> Òun àti ìyàwó tó fé nígbà kan, ìyẹn [[Funke Akindele]], tí wọ́n sì ti túká báyìí ní wọ́n jọ ṣàgbéjáde ètò orí ẹ̀rọ-amóhùnmáwòrán kan, tí àkọ́lé rẹ̀ jé Industreet<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/funke-akindele-hubby-mirror-music-industry-new-drama-series-industreet/|title=Funke Akindele, hubby, mirror music industry in new drama series, Industreet|date=2017-06-01|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref>. == Iṣẹ́ àfikún == A bi Bello ni Kano o si fi Nigeria silẹ fun U.K. nigbati o jẹ ọmọ ọdun mẹrinla. O ṣe agbekalẹ ifẹ ati riri orin ti o tẹtisi awọn igbasilẹ orin orilẹ-ede baba rẹ ati orin juju<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm|title=JJC|website=www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025818/http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. Ni U.K., o fa si orin hip-hop ati laipẹ ṣẹda ẹgbẹ orin kan pẹlu ọrẹ kan, lẹhinna wọn bẹrẹ ṣiṣe ni awọn ifihan talenti. Orukọ ipele rẹ, JJC tumọ si pe Johnny kan wa, ọrọ kan ti awọn ọmọ orilẹ-ede Naijiria lo lati ṣe apejuwe awọn ti o de tuntun si ilu naa. Ise agbese iṣelọpọ akọkọ ti Bello ni iṣọpọ awọn igbasilẹ Big Brovas ati apapọ Brovas nla. Ni ọdun 2004, o tu Atide silẹ, awo-orin Uncomfortable rẹ pẹlu ẹgbẹ 419. Awọn kirediti iṣelọpọ rẹ pẹlu Weird MC's Ioya, Pu Yanga nipasẹ Tillaman, ati Morile nipasẹ Buoqui<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html|title=Nigeriaworld -- Return of JJC (aka Skillz)|website=nigeriaworld.com|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=2019-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829235119/https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. O tun wa si ibi orin Afirika ti o ṣẹda awọn iṣẹ akanṣe bii Afropean (ifun Afro-European) ati Afrobeats<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1112133-jjc-skillz-biography-a-husband-funke-akindele.html|title=JCC Skillz: Top facts we should know about him|first=George|last=Ibenegbu|date=July 4, 2017|website=www.legit.ng}}</ref>. == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Ṣaaju igbeyawo rẹ si Akindele, obìnrin méta ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọl ló bí ọmọ fún Bello<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/|title=How I won Funke Akindele’s heart –JJC Skillz|website=The sun}}</ref>. O fẹ Funke Akindele ni ọdun 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/09/funke-akindele-husband-biography.html|title=Funke Akindele Husband Biography|website=Information Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailypost.ng/2019/01/06/married-funke-akindele-jjc-skillz/amp/|title=Why I married Funke Akindele – JJC Skillz|website=dailypost.ng}}</ref>. Ni ọdun 2018, tọkọtaya naa bi ibeji<ref>{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com/funke-akindele-jjc-skillz-welcome-twins/|title=Funke Akindele, JJC Skillz welcome twins|website=punchng.com}}</ref>. Ni osu kefa odun 2022, Bello ṣe ìfitóniléti lórí Instagram rẹ pe òun àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ ti pinnu lati lepa igbesi aye wọn lọ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/539961-jjc-skillz-confirms-his-marriage-to-funke-akindele-has-ended.html?tztc=1|access-date=2023-03-03|website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref>. Olupilẹṣẹ orin naa ni iyawo iyawo Ebira ni ipinle Kano ni Oṣu Kẹta ọdun 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Owolawi|first=Taiwo|date=2023-03-02|title="Fear men": Video as Funke Akindele's ex-hubby JJC Skillz reportedly remarries|url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1522990-men-dont-waste-time-funke-akindeles-husband-jjc-skillz-reportedly-secretly-remarries-months/|access-date=2023-03-03|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> == Àwọn àlàyé == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1977]] jqfgfh9hf39ar1u1ho9qouov84lj7kh Átẹ́gùn Ooru 0 74587 632005 587311 2026-08-19T15:03:52Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Heat Wave.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Ágbègbè Iwọn titẹ giga ni ókè bugbamu mu óóru lètì ilẹ la ti di Átẹgun óórù]] '''Átẹ̀gun Óóru''' jẹ óóru to làgbàrà nigba asiko óju ọjọ to gbónà<ref name="IRI – International Research Institute for Climate and Society b391">{{cite web | title=CID Impacts September 2003 | website=IRI – International Research Institute for Climate and Society | url=https://iri.columbia.edu/climate/cid/Sep2003/impacts.html | access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref><ref name="Merriam-Webster 2023 z141">{{cite web | title=Definition of HEAT WAVE | website=Merriam-Webster | date=2023-09-28 | url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heat%20wave | access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>. ọriniinitutu giga maa nwa pẹ̀lu Átẹ̀gun Óóru. Èyi maa nṣẹlẹ ni órilẹ èdè tí o ni ójù ọjọ tó fara pẹ ókun<ref name="Meehl Tebaldi 2004 pp. 994–997">{{cite journal | last=Meehl | first=Gerald A. | last2=Tebaldi | first2=Claudia | title=More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2004-08-13_305_5686/page/n93 | journal=Science | publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | volume=305 | issue=5686 | date=2004-08-13 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.1098704 | pages=994–997}}</ref>. Ìwọn Átẹgun óórù jẹ ìbàtàn fun ọju ọjọ àgbègbè ati deede otutu fun igba. Óóru to wa lati àgbègbè awọ̀n eniyan to wa ni ójù ọjọ gbigbóna jẹ Átẹgun óórù fun awọn ti oun gbè ni agbègbè to tutu. Èyi maa ṣẹlẹ ti gbìgbona otutu ba yatọ̀ si apẹrẹ ójù ọjọ fun àgbègbè naa<ref name="Robinson 2001 pp. 762–775">{{cite journal | last=Robinson | first=Peter J. | title=On the Definition of a Heat Wave | journal=Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology | publisher=American Meteorological Society | volume=40 | issue=4 | date=2001-04-01 | issn=1520-0450 | doi=10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040&lt;0762:OTDOAH&gt;2.0.CO;2 | pages=762–775 | url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/40/4/1520-0450_2001_040_0762_otdoah_2.0.co_2.xml | access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>. Átẹgun óórù wọpọ to dẹ tun làgbàrà lori ilẹ kàkirì àgbègbè lati ọdun 1950s latari Àyipadà ójù ọjọ<ref name="Thompson 2023 i505">{{cite web | last=Thompson | first=Andrea | title=This Summer&rsquo;s Record-Breaking Heat Waves Would Not Have Happened without Climate Change | website=Scientific American | date=2023-07-25 | url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/this-summers-record-breaking-heat-waves-would-not-have-happened-without-climate-change/ | access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>. Átẹgun óórù to lagbara maa njẹki ohun ọgbin bajẹ, Ooru yi jẹ a lèkun fun iṣẹlẹ iná ninu igbó ni awujọ ọgbẹ̀lẹẹ<ref name="García-León Casanueva Standardi Burgstall 2021 p. ">{{cite journal | last=García-León | first=David | last2=Casanueva | first2=Ana | last3=Standardi | first3=Gabriele | last4=Burgstall | first4=Annkatrin | last5=Flouris | first5=Andreas D. | last6=Nybo | first6=Lars | title=Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe | journal=Nature Communications | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2021-10-04 | issn=2041-1723 | doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z | page=}}</ref><ref name="Clarke Otto Stuart-Smith Harrington 2022 p. 012001">{{cite journal | last=Clarke | first=Ben | last2=Otto | first2=Friederike | last3=Stuart-Smith | first3=Rupert | last4=Harrington | first4=Luke | title=Extreme weather impacts of climate change: an attribution perspective | journal=Environmental Research: Climate | publisher=IOP Publishing | volume=1 | issue=1 | date=2022-06-28 | issn=2752-5295 | doi=10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7d | page=012001}}</ref>. Eyi maa jasi àyipada inà ijọba nitori imulètutu ti awọn èniyan ló. Átẹgun óórù jẹ ójù ọjọ to làgbàrà eyi lo ma fa ailèrà fún awọn èniyan nitóri óóru ati óórun maa nbóri awọn ẹ̀yàeto itutu ara eniyan<ref name="Bottollier-Depois 2022 v572">{{cite web | last=Bottollier-Depois | first=Amélie | title=Deadly heatwaves threaten economies too | website=Phys.org | date=2022-06-15 | url=https://phys.org/news/2022-06-deadly-heatwaves-threaten-economies.html | access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>. Ó ṣèṣè latiri Átẹgun óórù pẹ̀lù awọn ìrìnṣẹ Àfojúsùn ojú ọjọ. ==Ipa atẹ́gùn ooru ninu ilera ènìyàn== [[File:Heat stroke treatment, Baton Rouge, 2016 Louisiana floods.jpg|thumb|Ìtọju ooru ọpọlọ ni Baton Rouge nigba ikun ómi Louisiana to waye ni ọdun 2016]] Àyipada òju ọjọ jẹ alekun óórun, èyí jẹ àkóbá fun awọn èniyan bí aisun, èwu ninu oyun àti aisan kíndìnrín<ref name="Shih 2023 k215">{{cite web | last=Shih | first=Gerry | title=The world’s torrid future is etched in the crippled kidneys of Nepali workers | website=Washington Post | date=2023-01-06 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/01/06/climate-change-heat-kidney-disease/ | access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>. Èwu inu óyun maa njasi bibi ọmọ ti kógbó ati ibimọ aitọjọ. Átẹgun óórù maa njasi Aisan kidinrin to lagbàrà<ref name="Glaser Lemery Rajagopalan Diaz 2016 pp. 1472–1483">{{cite journal | last=Glaser | first=Jason | last2=Lemery | first2=Jay | last3=Rajagopalan | first3=Balaji | last4=Diaz | first4=Henry F. | last5=García-Trabanino | first5=Ramón | last6=Taduri | first6=Gangadhar | last7=Madero | first7=Magdalena | last8=Amarasinghe | first8=Mala | last9=Abraham | first9=Georgi | last10=Anutrakulchai | first10=Sirirat | last11=Jha | first11=Vivekanand | last12=Stenvinkel | first12=Peter | last13=Roncal-Jimenez | first13=Carlos | last14=Lanaspa | first14=Miguel A. | last15=Correa-Rotter | first15=Ricardo | last16=Sheikh-Hamad | first16=David | last17=Burdmann | first17=Emmanuel A. | last18=Andres-Hernando | first18=Ana | last19=Milagres | first19=Tamara | last20=Weiss | first20=Ilana | last21=Kanbay | first21=Mehmet | last22=Wesseling | first22=Catharina | last23=Sánchez-Lozada | first23=Laura Gabriela | last24=Johnson | first24=Richard J. | title=Climate Change and the Emergent Epidemic of CKD from Heat Stress in Rural Communities: The Case for Heat Stress Nephropathy | journal=Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology | publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) | volume=11 | issue=8 | date=2016-05-05 | issn=1555-9041 | doi=10.2215/cjn.13841215 | pages=1472–1483}}</ref>. [[File:NWS HeatRisk Categories.jpg|thumb|Ájọ ti oun risi iṣẹ ójù ọjọ lapapọ ṣalayè èwu to wa ninu óóru]] Awọn ónimọ ilèra ki lọ pè óóru ro lagbara lè jasi iku aisan ọkan, ọpọlọpọ, mimi ato óriṣiriṣi iku<ref name="National Library of Medicine 2020 b029">{{cite web | title=Heat Illness: MedlinePlus | publisher=National Library of Medicine | date=2020-12-16 | url=https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html | access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>. Iku nitori óóru ti ju ọmọ ọ̀dun àrún dín ní àádọ́rin lọ. Eyi lọ jasi iku awọn èniyan ọ̀kẹ́ mẹ̀tàdínlógún ni ọ̀dun 2019<ref name="Romanello McGushin Di Napoli Drummond 2021 pp. 1619–1662">{{cite journal | last=Romanello | first=Marina | last2=McGushin | first2=Alice | last3=Di Napoli | first3=Claudia | last4=Drummond | first4=Paul | last5=Hughes | first5=Nick | last6=Jamart | first6=Louis | last7=Kennard | first7=Harry | last8=Lampard | first8=Pete | last9=Solano Rodriguez | first9=Baltazar | last10=Arnell | first10=Nigel | last11=Ayeb-Karlsson | first11=Sonja | last12=Belesova | first12=Kristine | last13=Cai | first13=Wenjia | last14=Campbell-Lendrum | first14=Diarmid | last15=Capstick | first15=Stuart | last16=Chambers | first16=Jonathan | last17=Chu | first17=Lingzhi | last18=Ciampi | first18=Luisa | last19=Dalin | first19=Carole | last20=Dasandi | first20=Niheer | last21=Dasgupta | first21=Shouro | last22=Davies | first22=Michael | last23=Dominguez-Salas | first23=Paula | last24=Dubrow | first24=Robert | last25=Ebi | first25=Kristie L | last26=Eckelman | first26=Matthew | last27=Ekins | first27=Paul | last28=Escobar | first28=Luis E | last29=Georgeson | first29=Lucien | last30=Grace | first30=Delia | last31=Graham | first31=Hilary | last32=Gunther | first32=Samuel H | last33=Hartinger | first33=Stella | last34=He | first34=Kehan | last35=Heaviside | first35=Clare | last36=Hess | first36=Jeremy | last37=Hsu | first37=Shih-Che | last38=Jankin | first38=Slava | last39=Jimenez | first39=Marcia P | last40=Kelman | first40=Ilan | last41=Kiesewetter | first41=Gregor | last42=Kinney | first42=Patrick L | last43=Kjellstrom | first43=Tord | last44=Kniveton | first44=Dominic | last45=Lee | first45=Jason K W | last46=Lemke | first46=Bruno | last47=Liu | first47=Yang | last48=Liu | first48=Zhao | last49=Lott | first49=Melissa | last50=Lowe | first50=Rachel | last51=Martinez-Urtaza | first51=Jaime | last52=Maslin | first52=Mark | last53=McAllister | first53=Lucy | last54=McMichael | first54=Celia | last55=Mi | first55=Zhifu | last56=Milner | first56=James | last57=Minor | first57=Kelton | last58=Mohajeri | first58=Nahid | last59=Moradi-Lakeh | first59=Maziar | last60=Morrissey | first60=Karyn | last61=Munzert | first61=Simon | last62=Murray | first62=Kris A | last63=Neville | first63=Tara | last64=Nilsson | first64=Maria | last65=Obradovich | first65=Nick | last66=Sewe | first66=Maquins Odhiambo | last67=Oreszczyn | first67=Tadj | last68=Otto | first68=Matthias | last69=Owfi | first69=Fereidoon | last70=Pearman | first70=Olivia | last71=Pencheon | first71=David | last72=Rabbaniha | first72=Mahnaz | last73=Robinson | first73=Elizabeth | last74=Rocklöv | first74=Joacim | last75=Salas | first75=Renee N | last76=Semenza | first76=Jan C | last77=Sherman | first77=Jodi | last78=Shi | first78=Liuhua | last79=Springmann | first79=Marco | last80=Tabatabaei | first80=Meisam | last81=Taylor | first81=Jonathon | last82=Trinanes | first82=Joaquin | last83=Shumake-Guillemot | first83=Joy | last84=Vu | first84=Bryan | last85=Wagner | first85=Fabian | last86=Wilkinson | first86=Paul | last87=Winning | first87=Matthew | last88=Yglesias | first88=Marisol | last89=Zhang | first89=Shihui | last90=Gong | first90=Peng | last91=Montgomery | first91=Hugh | last92=Costello | first92=Anthony | last93=Hamilton | first93=Ian | title=The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future | journal=The Lancet | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=398 | issue=10311 | year=2021 | issn=0140-6736 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01787-6 | pages=1619–1662}}</ref>. Awọn ara ilu Europe ti ounka ọna ọ̀kẹ́ mẹ̀ta àbọ̀ ku nitori Átẹgun óórù Europe to ṣẹlẹ ni ọdun 2003<ref name="Robine Cheung Le Roy Van Oyen 2008 pp. 171–178">{{cite journal | last=Robine | first=Jean-Marie | last2=Cheung | first2=Siu Lan K. | last3=Le Roy | first3=Sophie | last4=Van Oyen | first4=Herman | last5=Griffiths | first5=Clare | last6=Michel | first6=Jean-Pierre | last7=Herrmann | first7=François Richard | title=Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003 | journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=331 | issue=2 | year=2008 | issn=1631-0691 | doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001 | pages=171–178}}</ref>. Awọn ènìyàn ẹgbẹrun mèji lo ku nitori isẹ̀lẹ Átẹgun óórù to lagbara ni Karachi, Pakistan tó waye ni óṣu June, ọdun 2015<ref name="Bloomberg.com 2015 x276">{{cite web | title=Heat Wave Death Toll Rises to 2,000 in Pakistan’s Financial Hub | website=Bloomberg.com | date=2015-06-24 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-24/heat-wave-death-toll-rises-to-2-000-in-pakistan-s-financial-hub | access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>. Ikù óóru wọpọ ninu ilè papa julọ ni ọ̀dọ awọn àrugbó nitori pe wọn maa ndagbè. Óóru maa njẹki ipà idọti afẹfẹ pọ̀si ni agbègbè to ti dagbasókè. Eyi jẹ ki iku óóru pọ̀ nigba Átẹgun óórù<ref name="Diem Stauber Rothenberg 2017 p. e0177937">{{cite journal | last=Diem | first=Jeremy E. | last2=Stauber | first2=Christine E. | last3=Rothenberg | first3=Richard | title=Heat in the southeastern United States: Characteristics, trends, and potential health impact | journal=PLOS ONE | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=12 | issue=5 | date=2017-05-16 | issn=1932-6203 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0177937 | page=e0177937}}</ref>. Óóru yi fa wahala sinu àrà èyi lo maa nkóba iṣẹ. Óóru tun maa da ija lẹ laarin awọn èniyan ni awujọ to si maa njasi pipa èniyan ati fifi ipa bani làjọṣèpọ. Nigbà miran óórun maa nfa ija àbẹlè eyi jẹ ipalara fun ilèrà awọ̀n èniyan to wa ni àgbègbè<ref name="Burke Hsiang Miguel 2014 p. ">{{cite journal | last=Burke | first=M. | last2=Hsiang | first2=S. | last3=Miguel | first3=E. | title=Climate and Conflict | journal=SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic) | date=2014 | url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Climate-and-Conflict-Burke-Hsiang/c8a494fd49af3e3b5a0988f438ac7dc6f05ed89f | access-date=2023-09-29 | page=}}</ref>. ==Awọn Ìtọkasi== kpqc9fsccfgzvgiucqawzni7uggzagl Oluyombo Awojobi 0 74820 632068 621244 2026-08-19T16:59:33Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} {{short description|Nigerian Rural Surgeon}} {{Infobox person | name = Oluyombo Awojobi | image = Oluyombo Awojobi.png | birth_date = March 1, 1951 | death_date = April 17, 2015 (Aged 64) | alma_mater = [[University of Ibadan]] | known_for = Rural Surgery <br> Awojobi Clinic Eruwa | spouse = Tinu Awojobi | relatives = Abiola Arowojolu & Folake Ozoro (Sisters); Yinka Awojobi, [[Ayodele Awojobi]] & Busola Awojobi (Brothers) }} '''Dr. Oluyombo Adetilewa Awojobi''' ( láti March 1, 1951 sí April 17, 2015) jẹ́ oníṣẹ́-abẹ ìgbèríko ní orílẹ́-èdè Nàìjíríà ([[Nàìjíríà|Nigeria]]), Óníṣẹ́-ìwádìí, Olùpilẹ̀sẹ̀ àti Ọmọnìyàn. Ó jẹ́ olókìkí jùlọ fún àwọn iṣẹ́ tí ó ti ṣe ní ilé ìwòsàn Adejobi (Awojobi Clinic) tó wà ní [[Eruwa]] (ACE) ní agbègbè ìjọba ìlà-oòrùn Ibarapa ní ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ ([[Oyo State]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2015-05-14|title=Awojobi: Life of uncommon service|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/awojobi-life-of-uncommon-service/|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ aṣáájú-ọ̀nà ìdàgbàsókè àgbègbè àti ìṣelọ́pọ̀ ti ìmọ̀tuntun, àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìṣòògùn tí ó yẹ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=WHO|title=Towards improving access to medical devices through local production. Phase II Report of a case study in four sub-Saharan countries|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/206545/9789241510141_eng.pdf|journal=}}</ref> == Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ ayé rẹ̀ == Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Oloye Daniel Adekoya Awojobi, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọ̀gá ibùdókọ̀ ti Àjọ tó ń rí sí ètò ìrìnnà ojú irin ti Nàìjíríà ([[Nigerian Railway Corporation]]) ẹni tí wọ́n tọ́ dàgbà ní agbègbè Ikorodu ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó (Lagos State) pẹ̀lú Ìyá wa Comfort Bamidele Awojobi (née Adetunji), oníṣòwò kékeré tí wọ́n tọ́ dàgbà ní agbègbè Modakeke, Ile-Ife, ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun ([[Osun State]]) ní March 1951.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-05-03|title=CyberschuulShout : A File on Excellence, Service, and Patriotism|url=http://www.cyberschuulnews.com/CYBERSCHUULSHOUT2008-3.html|access-date=2021-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503225352/http://www.cyberschuulnews.com/CYBERSCHUULSHOUT2008-3.html|archive-date=2009-05-03}}</ref> Ó lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ [[CMS Grammar School, Lagos|CMS Grammar school]] láàrin ọdún 1963 sí ọdún 1969. Ó lọ kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa Ìṣègùn Òyìnbó àti iṣẹ́ abẹ (Medicine and Surgery) ní [[College of Medicine, University of Ibadan]] níbi tó ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè ìjìnlẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ abẹ ní ọdún graduated 1975<ref name=":0" /> Ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ [[Adeola Odutola]] gẹ́gẹ́ bíi akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ onímọ̀ ìṣègùn tí ó dára jùlọ ní àkókò ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ jáde rẹ̀.<ref name=":4" /> == Ètò ẹ̀kọ́ == Awojobi (Dr.) bẹ̀rẹ̀ ètò ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní ilé ẹ̀kọ́ṣẹ́ mọṣẹ́ ìwòsàn ti ifásitì ti Ìbàdàn ([[University College Hospital, Ibadan|University College hospital]], [[Ibadan|Ibadan )]] gẹ́gẹ́ bíi olùgbé oníṣẹ́-abẹ (surgical resident) láàárín ọdún 1977 sí ọdún 1983. Ó lọ ṣe iṣẹ́ ìwòsàn ìgbèríko ní Ilé ìwòsàn agbègbè tó ń bẹ ní Eruwa ní August 25, 1983.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> Ó kọ̀wé fiṣẹ́ sílẹ̀, ó sì dá ilé-ìwòsàn Awojobi sílẹ̀ èyí tó ń bẹ ní Eruwa - Awojobi Clinic, Eruwa (ACE), ní October 27, 1986 níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ títí tí ọlọ́jọ́ fi dé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Farewell, Yombo Awojobi |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20150509/281668253543909 |access-date=2021-02-04 |via=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lala|first=Emmanuel|date=2015-08-16|title=Meet Top 14 Nigerian Innovators To Watch Out For {{!}} 36NG|url=https://www.36ng.ng/2015/08/16/meet-top-14-nigerian-innovators-to-watch-out-for/|access-date=2021-04-01|language=en-US|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108162546/https://www.36ng.ng/2015/08/16/meet-top-14-nigerian-innovators-to-watch-out-for/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Wọ́n mọ̀ ọ́n fún aṣáájú-ọ̀nà ìdàgbàsókè ti ìṣelọ́pọ̀ agbègbè ti awọn ẹ̀rọ ìṣòògùn tí ó yẹ.<ref name=":3" /> Àwọn ohun èlò tí wọ́n ń lò ní ilé ìwòsàn Awojobi (Awojobi Clinic) gẹ́gẹ́ bíi (operating table, autoclave, water distiller, pedal suction pump and haematocrit centrifuge) jẹ́ èyí tí ó ṣẹ̀dá láti ọwọ́ ara rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Soman|first1=Dilip|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20CWAwAAQBAJ&q=oluyombo+awojobi&pg=PA60|title=Innovating for the Global South: Towards an Inclusive Innovation Agenda|last2=Stein|first2=Janice Gross|last3=Wong|first3=Joseph|date=2014-01-22|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-6648-1|language=en}}</ref> Ó tún ṣe àwọn omi inú iṣan àti àwọn aṣọ tó wà fún iṣẹ abẹ lábẹ́lé. Wọ́n kà á mọ́ ara àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìwòsàn tó ní àbójútó ní àjọ onímọ̀ ìṣègùn ní àgbáyé ([[World Medical Association]]) ní 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPLA {{!}} Yombo Awojobi|url=http://www.spla.pro/en/file.person.yombo-awojobi.48617.html|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Spla|language=en}}</ref> Ó gbé iṣẹ́ ìṣègùn Hernia kalẹ̀ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Operation Hernia – Operation Hernia (OH) is an independent charity providing opportunities for clinicians repairing hernias in the developing world.|url=https://operationhernia.org.uk/|access-date=2021-02-04|language=en-GB}}</ref> ní ilé-ìwòsàn Awojobi ní ọdú 2013, níbi tí wọ́n ti ṣe iṣẹ́ abẹ fún àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n tó 70 níye pẹ̀lú àrùn [[Hernia|inguinoscrotal hernias]] fún odidi ọjọ́ mẹ́fà gbáko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eruwa – Operation Hernia|url=https://operationhernia.org.uk/tag/eruwa/|access-date=2021-02-04|language=en-GB|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108164048/https://operationhernia.org.uk/tag/eruwa/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sáájú kó tó kú, ó ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ibùdó tí wọ́n ti ń tọ́jú àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (Olajide Ajayi Cancer Centre).<ref name=":0" /> == Ètò ayé rẹ̀ == Ó fẹ́ Tinu Awojobi, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ (radiographer) wọ́n sì bí àwọn ọmọ méjì, Yombo àti Ayodele.<ref name=":0" /> == Àwọn ogún rẹ̀ (Legacy) == The Dr Oluyombo Adetilewa Awojobi's Prize for Best Graduating Student in Biomedical Engineering at The [[Bells University of Technology|Bells University]], [[Ota, Ogun|Ota]] was endowed in his honour.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I hate reading – The Bells best graduating student|url=https://punchng.com/hate-reading-bells-best-graduating-student/|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> A documentary about his life titled '''An Uncommon Service: A tribute to Dr. Awojobi''<nowiki/>' was screened at the iREP monthly documentary film screening series at [[Freedom Park, Lagos]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-16|title=Dr Awojobi {{!}} Documentary Tribute {{!}} ASIRI|url=http://asirimagazine.com/en/an-uncommon-service-a-documentary-tribute-to-dr-awojobi/|access-date=2021-02-04|website=ASIRI Magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108202621/http://asirimagazine.com/en/an-uncommon-service-a-documentary-tribute-to-dr-awojobi/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Àwọn ìwé tí ó tẹ̀ jáde == * Modified pile suture in the outpatient treatment of haemorrhoids - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 1983<ref>{{Cite journal|title= Modified pile suture in the outpatient treatment of hemorrhoids|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02562582|journal= Diseases of the Colon & Rectum|year=1983|language=en-US|doi=10.1007/BF02562582|pmid=6337036|last1=Awojobi|first1=O. A.|volume=26|issue=2|pages=95–7|s2cid=45580629}}</ref> *Abdominal incisional hernia in Ibadan - Oluyombo A Awojobi, S O Itayemi, 1983<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Awojobi|first1=Oluyombo A.|last2=Itayemi|first2=S. O.|date=2016-06-25|title=Abdominal Incisional Hernia in Ibadan|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004947558301300306|journal=Tropical Doctor|volume=13|issue=3|pages=112–114|language=en|doi=10.1177/004947558301300306|pmid=6879690|s2cid=7882608}}</ref> *Use of Foley catheter in suprapubic punch cystostomy: An adaptation - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 1983<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|date=2016-06-25|title=Use of Foley Catheter in Suprapubic Punch Cystostomy: An Adaptation|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004947558301300418|journal=Tropical Doctor|volume=13|issue=4|page=189|language=en|doi=10.1177/004947558301300418|pmid=6649046|s2cid=42879982}}</ref> *Paediatric inguinoscrotal surgery in a district hospital- Oluyombo A Awojobi, J K Ladipo, A C Sagua, 1988<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Awojobi|first1=Oluyombo A.|last2=Ladipo|first2=J. K.|last3=Sagua|first3=A. C.|date=2016-06-25|title=Paediatric Inguinoscrotal Surgery in a District Hospital|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004947558801800109|journal=Tropical Doctor|volume=18|issue=1|pages=23–24|language=en|doi=10.1177/004947558801800109|pmid=3341085|s2cid=5442598}}</ref> *Sutureless circumcision - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 1992<ref>{{Citation|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|title=Sutureless Circumcision|journal=Tropical Doctor|date=2016-06-25|volume=22|issue=3|page=124|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004947559202200318|type=letter|language=en|doi=10.1177/004947559202200318|pmid=1641891|s2cid=5362474|access-date=2021-02-05}}</ref> *The hospital water still - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 1993<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|date=2016-06-25|title=The Hospital Water Still|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004947559302300413|journal=Tropical Doctor|volume=23|issue=4|pages=173–174|language=en|doi=10.1177/004947559302300413|pmid=8273164|s2cid=7505749}}</ref> * Principles of rural surgical practice - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 1998 * The manual haematocrit centrifuge - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2002<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|date=2016-06-25|title=The Manual Haematocrit Centrifuge|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004947550203200318|journal=Tropical Doctor|language=en|volume=32|issue=3|page=168|doi=10.1177/004947550203200318|pmid=12139162|s2cid=32496321}}</ref> *A review of surgical cases and procedures in rural Nigeria - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2002<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|date=2002|title=A review of surgical cases and procedures in rural Nigeria|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aim/article/view/34587|journal=Archives of Ibadan Medicine|language=en|volume=3|issue=2|pages=65–68|doi=10.4314/aim.v3i2.34587|issn=1467-6958}}</ref> *Epidural needle and intraosseous access - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2003<ref>{{Citation|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|title=Epidural Needle and Intraosseous Access|journal=Tropical Doctor|date=2016-06-25|volume=33|issue=1|page=59|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004947550303300131|type=letter|language=en|doi=10.1177/004947550303300131|pmid=12568533|s2cid=38814573|access-date=2021-02-05}}</ref> * 20 years of primary care surgery in Ibarapa - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2004<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|date=2003|title=Twenty Years of Primary Care Surgery in Ibarapa|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njo/article/view/11928|journal=Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology|language=en|volume=11|issue=2|pages=49–53|doi=10.4314/njo.v11i2.11928|issn=2468-8363|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Inguinal hernia in Nigeria - Oluyombo A Awojobi, AA Ayatunde 2004<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Awojobi|first1=O. A.|last2=Ayantunde|first2=A. A.|date=2016-06-25|title=Inguinal Hernia in Nigeria|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004947550403400322|journal=Tropical Doctor|volume=34|issue=3|pages=180–181|language=en|doi=10.1177/004947550403400322|pmid=15267057|s2cid=34162087}}</ref> *Spontaneous appendicocutaneous fistula: A case report - O M Tokode, Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2004<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=|title=Spontaneous Appendicocutaneous fistula: A case report|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aipm/article/download/39093/26215|journal=Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine|volume=2|pages=48–50|via=Ajol}}</ref> * Surgical training in Nigeria: a reappraisal - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2005<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|date=2005-12-13|title=Surgical training in Nigeria: a reappraisal|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aim/article/view/34629|journal=Archives of Ibadan Medicine|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=59–61|doi=10.4314/aim.v6i2.34629|issn=1467-6958}}</ref> * The travails of rural surgery in Nigeria and the triumph of pragmatism - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2005<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Awojobi|first=O.|date=2005|title=THE TRAVAILS OF RURAL SURGERY IN NIGERIA AND THE TRIUMPH OF PRAGMATISM|s2cid=74400859|language=en}}</ref> *Atraumatic sutures can be made locally - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2005<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Awojobi|first=Oluyombo A.|date=2016-06-25|title=Atraumatic sutures can be made locally|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1258/0049475054036805|journal=Tropical Doctor|volume=35|issue=2|page=124|language=en|doi=10.1258/0049475054036805|pmid=15970054|s2cid=33901347|issn=0049-4755}}</ref> *Engineering fabrication in the rural Nigerian medical practice - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2007<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=|title=Engineering Fabrication in Nigerian rural medical practice - The Eruwa experience|url=https://www.laujet.com/index.php/laujet/article/download/193/164|journal=LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology|volume=4|pages=58–62|via=Laujet|access-date=8 November 2023|archivedate=8 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108162546/https://www.laujet.com/index.php/laujet/article/download/193/164|deadurl=yes}}</ref> * Rising to the challenge of rural surgery - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2010<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Les|first1=Olson|date=2010-05-01|title=Rising to the challenge of rural surgery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-health-organization-bulletin_2010-05_88_5/page/331|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=88|issue=5|pages=331–332|doi=10.2471/blt.10.040510|issn=0042-9686|pmc=2865669|pmid=20461212}}</ref> * Rural based medical practice in Nigeria - The Ibarapa Experience - Oluyombo A Awojobi, 2011<ref>{{Cite web|title=here - International Federation of Rural Surgery|url=https://studylib.net/doc/10077005/here---international-federation-of-rural-surgery|access-date=2021-02-04|website=studylib.net|language=en}}</ref> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Awojobi, Oluyombo}} [[Category:1951 births]] [[Category:2015 deaths]] [[Category:Nigerian surgeons]] [[Category:CMS Grammar School, Lagos alumni]] q6p6ppe0er3xl423lruqr0momkl1hh0 Isaac Adako Boro 0 74822 632021 590156 2026-08-19T15:24:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Isaac Adaka Boro|image=|order=|birth_date={{Birth date|1938|09|10|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Oloibiri]], British Nigeria|death_date={{Death date and age|1968|05|09|1938|09|10|df=yes}}|death_place=Ogu, [[Okrika]], [[Rivers State]], Nigeria|relations=|children=Deborah Waritimi, Esther Boro, Felix Boro|profession=Political activist, soldier}}Major '''Isaac Jasper Adaka Boro''' [ti a bi ni ọdún 1938 oṣù september ọjọ́ kewa-ọdún1968 oṣù may ọjọ́ kẹ̀sán ti gbogbo eyan man si "Boro",oje ajijabara , ẹya ijaw ati jagun jagun. oje onise pupo bi oluko,ọlopa,jagun jagun, asoju awon akekọ unifasiti. akeko chemistry ati student union president ni ọgbà unifasiti Nsukka.<ref name="Sola Odunfa2">{{Cite news|author=Sola Odunfa|date=14 February 2006|title=Nigeria: Burning with rage|work=Focus on Africa Magazine|publisher=BBC World Service|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/focus_magazine/news/story/2006/05/060515_nigeriadelta.shtml|access-date=3 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sanya Osha|date=1 April 2006|title=Birth of the Ogoni Protest Movement|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-asian-and-african-studies_february-april-2006_41_1-2/page/13|journal=Journal of Asian and African Studies|language=en|volume=41|issue=1–2|pages=13–38|doi=10.1177/0021909606061746|issn=0021-9096|s2cid=145335875}}</ref> O se iferonuhan nipa aṣilo epo ni ipinle niger delta ti awon ijọba ati awon ẹya enugu nikan loni anfaani si. O ni igbabo wipe ipinle Niger Delta loye ki oni anfaani si ju lo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 June 2021|title=Niger Delta Avengers threaten return, vow to crash economy|url=https://guardian.ng/news/niger-delta-avengers-threaten-return-vow-to-crash-economy/|access-date=10 March 2022|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=6 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306022210/https://guardian.ng/news/niger-delta-avengers-threaten-return-vow-to-crash-economy/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> O dá Niger Delta Volunteer Force ati armed millitia ti o ni awon omo ẹya re ẹya ijaw sile. Won ṣe ipolongo Niger Delta Republic ni ọsù february ọdún 1996 ọjọ́ meta le lo logún, won si ba awon federal forces ja fún ọjọ́ mejila ti won o si yege bo . Oun ati awon ẹmẹwa rẹ si ṣewon fun ija ti won ja . General Yakubu Gowon si fun 0un nikan ni iyonda ninu ẹwon.O si lọ fún ipò major ni Nigerian army ti a si fun ni ipo na. Oja fun ijoba titi ti o fi ku ni Ogu Okrika ni ipinle Rivers ti a si mo oun ti o fa iku re titi di oni oloni.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 May 2020|title=Fifty-two resounding salutes to Major Isaac Jasper Adaka (Lion) Boro|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/05/fifty-two-resounding-salutes-to-major-isaac-jasper-adaka-lion-boro/|access-date=18 March 2022|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=HistoryVille|date=7 March 2022|title=Isaac Adaka Boro (1938-1968): Nigeria's First Secessionist – HistoryVille|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/isaac-adaka-boro/|access-date=7 August 2022|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Awon ajijagbara ni ipinle Niger Delta bi Ken Saro-Wiwa, Mujahid Dokubo-Asari ati bee bee lọ man ri bi ipo olutọsọọna ti ose fi ọwọ rọ == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == === Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ ayẹ́ rẹ̀ === Nínú ìtàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ tó kọ fúnrarẹ̀, tó pè ní "The Twelve-Day Revolution", ó kọ nípa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ ayé rẹ̀:<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Twelve-Day Revolution, Chapter 1 - My Early Life'|url=http://adakaboro.org/the12dayrev/chap-1-my-early-life|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420192128/http://www.adakaboro.org/the12dayrev/chap-1-my-early-life|archive-date=20 April 2015|access-date=13 April 2013}}</ref><blockquote>"Mo gbọ́ láti ẹnu ẹ̀rí tó dájú pé wọ́n bí mi ní òru ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1938, ní ìlú Olobiri, ní [[Niger Delta]]. Bàbá mi jé ọ̀gá-àgbà ilé-ìwé kan ṣoṣo níbẹ̀. Kí n tó gbọ́njú mọ àyíká mi dáadáa, mo ti wà ní [[Port Harcourt]] níbi tí bàbá mi tún jẹ́ ọ̀gá-àgbà ilé-ìwé mìíràn. Agbègbè kejì tí mo rántí ni ìlú mi, [[Kolokuma/Opokuma|Kaiama]]. Wọ́n tún rán bàbá mi lọ bẹ̀ láti jẹ́ ọ̀gá-àgbà ilé-ìwé mìíràn."</blockquote> == Ìtọ́kasí == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|last=Oriola|first=Temitope B.|title=Criminal Resistance?: The Politics of Kidnapping Oil Workers|publisher=Routledge|date=2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRkpDAAAQBAJ|isbn=9781317157847}} {{refend}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Boro, Isaac Adaka}} 3r83gnw2qr6p6aqvkrvyvgmqecf9rup Guava 0 75190 632094 631963 2026-08-19T17:45:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Tropical fruit}}{{about|the fruit}}{{stack begin}} [[File:Guava ID.jpg|thumb|right|Ripe apple guavas (''[[Psidium guajava]]'')]] {{nutritional value|name=Guavas, common|kJ=285|protein=2.55 g|fat=0.5 g|carbs=14.32 g|fiber=5.4 g|sugars=8.92 g|calcium_mg=18|iron_mg=0.26|magnesium_mg=22|phosphorus_mg=40|potassium_mg=417|sodium_mg=2|zinc_mg=0.23|manganese_mg=0.1|vitC_mg=228.3|thiamin_mg=0.067|riboflavin_mg=0.04|niacin_mg=1.084|pantothenic_mg=0.451|vitB6_mg=0.11|folate_ug=49|vitA_ug=31|betacarotene_ug=374|opt1n=[[Lycopene]]|opt1v=5204 µg|vitK_ug=2.2|source_usda=1|note=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150925125048/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09139&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]}} {{stack end}} '''Guava''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|w|ɑː|v|ə}} {{respell|GWAH|və}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/guava|title=Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|access-date=20 August 2012}}</ref> jẹ́ èso tí ó gbajú-gbajà ní mímú.T[[tropical fruit|ropical fruit]] Jẹ̀ èso tí wọ́n lè ká tí wọ́n sì máa ń sé ni mímu. <ref name="morton">{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/guava.html|title=Guava|work=Fruits of Warm Climates|pages=356–363|year=1987|author=Morton JF|publisher=[[Purdue University]]|access-date=24 April 2015}}</ref> The common guava ''[[Psidium guajava]]'' (lemon guava, apple guava) is a small [[tree]] in the myrtle [[Family (biology)|family]] ([[Myrtaceae]]), native to [[Mexico]], [[Central America]], the [[Caribbean]] and [[northern South America]].<ref name="morton" /> The name guava is also given to some other species in the genus ''[[Psidium]]'' such as strawberry guava (''[[Psidium cattleyanum]]'') and to the pineapple guava, ''[[Feijoa sellowiana]]''. In 2019, 55 million [[Tonne|tonnes]] of guavas were produced worldwide, led by [[India]] with 45% of the total. Botanically, guavas are [[Berry (botany)|berries]]. == Types == [[Fáìlì:Guava_flowers_(6700015761).jpg|left|thumb|Apple guava (''[[Psidium guayava]]'') flower]] The most frequently eaten species, and the one often simply referred to as "the guava", is the apple guava (''[[Psidium guayava]]''). Guavas are typical [[Myrtoideae]], with tough dark heavy leaves that are opposite, simple, elliptic to ovate, and {{convert|5|–|15|cm|in|frac=2}} long. The flowers are white, with five petals and numerous [[Stamen|stamens]]. The fruits are many-seeded [[Berry (botany)|berries]].<ref name="Judd">{{cite book|first1=WS|last1=Judd|first2=CS|last2=Campbell|first3=EA|last3=Kellogg|first4=PF|last4=Stevens|first5=MJ|last5=Donoghue|year=2002|title=Plant systematics, a phylogenetic approach|publisher=Sinauer Associates, Inc.|isbn=0878934030|pages=[https://archive.org/details/plantsystematics0002unse/page/398 398–399]|url=https://archive.org/details/plantsystematics0002unse/page/398}}</ref> == Etymology == [[Fáìlì:Goya_blancs.JPG|right|thumb|Yellow-fruited cherry guava, (sometimes called lemon guava) ''Psidium littorale'' var. ''littorale'']] [[Fáìlì:Starr 031002-0033 Psidium cattleianum.jpg|right|thumb|Strawberry guava, ''[[Psidium littorale]]'' var. ''cattleyanum'']] The term ''guava'' appears to have been in use since the mid-[[16th century]].<ref name="oed">{{cite web|title=Guava|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/guava|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=2 September 2022|date=2022}}</ref> The name derived from the [[Taíno language|Taíno]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://etimologias.dechile.net/?guayaba|title=Guayaba|website=deChile.net|date=2022}}</ref> a language of the [[Arawakan languages|Arawaks]] as {{lang|arw|guayabo}} for ''guava tree'' via the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] for {{lang|es|guayaba}}.<ref name="oed" /> It has been adapted in many European and Asian languages, having a similar form.<ref name="morton" /> == Origin and distribution == Guavas originated from an area thought to extend from Mexico, Central America or northern South America throughout the Caribbean region.<ref name="morton" /><ref name="cabi">{{cite web|title=''Psidium guajava'' (guava)|url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/45141|publisher=CABI: Invasive Species Compendium|access-date=9 October 2017|date=2017}}</ref><ref name="clement">{{cite book|editor1-last=Prance|editor1-first=Ghillean|editor2-last=Nesbitt|editor2-first=Mark|last1=Clement|first1=Charles R.|date=2005|title=The Cultural History of Plants|publisher=Routledge|page=93|isbn=0415927463}}</ref> Archaeological sites in Peru yielded evidence of guava cultivation as early as 2500 BCE.<ref name="clement" /> Guava was adopted as a crop in subtropical and tropical Asia, parts of the United States (from Tennessee and North Carolina, southward, as well as the west and Hawaii), tropical Africa, and Oceania.<ref name="cabi" /> Guavas were introduced to [[Florida]], US in the 19th century<ref name="morton" /> and are grown there as far north as [[Sarasota]], [[Chipley, Florida|Chipley]], [[Waldo, Florida|Waldo]] and [[Fort Pierce]]. However, they are a primary host of the Caribbean [[Tephritidae|fruit fly]] and must be protected against infestation in areas of Florida where this pest is present.<ref>{{cite book|last=Boning|first=Charles R.|title=Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines|year=2006|publisher=Pineapple Press, Inc.|location=Sarasota, Florida|isbn=1-56164-372-6|page=99}}</ref> Guavas are cultivated in several tropical and [[subtropical]] countries.<ref name="morton" /><ref name="cabi" /> Several [[species]] are grown commercially; apple guava and its [[Cultivar|cultivars]] are those most commonly traded internationally.<ref name="morton" /> Guavas also grow in southwestern Europe, specifically the [[Costa del Sol]] on [[Málaga]], (Spain) and Greece where guavas have been commercially grown since the middle of the 20th century and they proliferate as cultivars.<ref name="cabi" /> Mature trees of most species are fairly cold-hardy and can survive temperatures slightly colder than {{convert|25|F|C|order=flip}} for short periods of time, but younger plants will likely freeze to the ground.<ref name="TAMU">{{cite web|url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/citrus/guava.htm|title=Home fruit production – Guava|work=Texas A&M Horticulture Program|author=Sauls JW|date=December 1998|access-date=2012-04-17}}</ref> Guavas are of interest to home growers in subtropical areas as one of the few tropical fruits that can grow to fruiting size in pots indoors. When grown from seed, guava trees can bear fruit in two years, and can continue to do so for forty years.<ref name="morton" /> [[Fáìlì:Psidium_guajava_fruit.jpg|thumb|White guava]] == Ecology == ''Psidium'' species are eaten by the [[Caterpillar|caterpillars]] of some [[Lepidoptera]], mainly [[Moth|moths]] like the Ello Sphinx (''[[Erinnyis ello]]''), ''[[Eupseudosoma aberrans]]'', ''[[Eupseudosoma involutum|E. involutum]]'', and ''[[Hypercompe icasia]]''. [[Mite|Mites]], like ''[[Pronematus pruni]]'' and ''[[Tydeus munsteri]]'', are known to be crop [[Pest (organism)|pests]] of the [[apple guava]] (''[[Psidium guajava|P. guajava]]'') and perhaps other species.<ref name="morton" /> The [[bacterium]] ''[[Erwinia psidii]]'' causes rot diseases of the apple guava. The fruit is cultivated and favored by humans, and many other animals such as birds consume it, readily dispersing the seeds in their droppings. In [[Hawaii]], strawberry guava (''[[Psidium littorale|P. littorale]]'') has become an aggressive [[invasive species]] threatening [[extinction]] to more than 100 other plant species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2008/06/14/editorial/commentary.html|publisher=Honolulu Star Bulletin|author=Price J|date=14 June 2008|title=Strawberry guava's hold has proven devastating|access-date=7 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.conservehi.org/documents/CCH_StrawberryGuava_ActionAlert.pdf|publisher=Conservation Council for Hawai‘i|date=2010|title=Leveling the Playing Field in Hawai'i's Native Forests|access-date=7 December 2014|archive-date=15 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215065428/http://www.conservehi.org/documents/CCH_StrawberryGuava_ActionAlert.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> By contrast, several guava species have become rare due to [[habitat destruction]] and at least one (Jamaican guava, ''[[Psidium dumetorum|P. dumetorum]]''), is already extinct. Guava wood is used for [[Smoking (cooking)|meat smoking]] in Hawaii, and is used at barbecue competitions across the United States. In Cuba and Mexico, the leaves are used in barbecues. == Fruit == Guava fruits, usually {{convert|4|to|12|cm|in|frac=2}} long, are round or oval depending on the species.<ref name="morton" /> They have a pronounced and typical fragrance, similar to lemon rind but less sharp. The outer skin may be rough, often with a bitter taste, or soft and sweet. Varying between species, the skin can be any thickness, is usually green before maturity, but may be yellow, maroon, or green when ripe. The pulp inside may be sweet or sour and off-white ("white" guavas) to deep pink ("red" guavas). The seeds in the central pulp vary in number and hardness, depending on species.<ref name="morton" /> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:16em;" ! colspan="2" |Guava production – 2019 |- ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Production <small>(millions of [[Tonne|tonnes]])</small> |- |{{left|{{IND}}}} |{{center|21.8}} |- |{{left|{{CHN}}}} |{{center|4.8}} |- |{{left|{{THA}}}} |{{center|3.8}} |- |{{left|{{IDN}}}} |{{center|3.1}} |- |{{left|{{PAK}}}} |{{center|2.3}} |- |{{left|{{BRA}}}} |{{center|2.1}} |- |{{left|'''World'''}} |{{center|'''55.4'''}} |- | colspan="2" |<small>Source: Tridge Global Trade Platform (from [[FAOSTAT]])<ref name="tridge">{{cite web|url=https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/guava/production|title=Guava production in 2018|date=2019|publisher=Tridge|access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref></small> |} == Production == In 2019, world production of guavas was 55 million [[Tonne|tonnes]], led by [[India]] with 45% of the total (table). Other major producers were China and Thailand.<ref name="tridge" /> == Uses == === Culinary === [[Fáìlì:ARS_HPSI41.jpg|right|thumb|'Thai maroon' guava, a red apple guava [[cultivar]]]] In Mexico and other Latin American countries, the popular beverage [[agua fresca]] is often made with guava. The entire fruit is a key ingredient in [[Punch (drink)|punch]], and the juice is often used in culinary sauces (hot or cold), ales, candies, dried snacks, fruit bars, and desserts, or dipped in [[Chamoy (Sauce)|chamoy]]. ''[[Pulque]] de guayaba'' ("guayaba" is Spanish for guava) is a popular alcoholic beverage in these regions. In many countries, guava is eaten raw, typically cut into quarters or eaten like an apple; it is also eaten with a pinch of salt and pepper, [[Cayenne pepper|cayenne powder]] or a [[Spice mix#Masala|mix of spices (masala)]]. In the Philippines, ripe guava is used in cooking ''[[sinigang]]''. Guava is a popular snack in Cuba as [[Cuban pastry|''pastelitos de guayaba'']]; and in Taiwan, sold on many street corners and night markets during hot weather, accompanied by packets of [[Li hing mui|dried plum powder]] mixed with sugar and salt for dipping. In east Asia, guava is commonly eaten with sweet and sour dried plum powder mixtures. Guava juice is popular in many countries. The fruit is also often included in fruit salads. Because of its high level of [[pectin]], guavas are extensively used to make candies, [[Fruit preserve|preserves]], [[Fruit preserve#Jelly|jellies]], [[Fruit preserve#Jam|jams]], and [[Marmalade|marmalades]] (such as Brazilian ''[[goiabada]]'' and Colombian and Venezuelan ''[[Bocadillo (dessert)|bocadillo]]''), and as a marmalade jam served on toast.<ref name="morton" /> Red guavas can be used as the base of salted products such as sauces, substituting for [[Tomato|tomatoes]], especially to minimize the acidity. A drink may be made from an [[infusion]] of guava fruits and leaves, which in Brazil is called ''chá-de-goiabeira'', i.e., "tea" of guava tree leaves, considered medicinal. == Constituents == === Nutrients === Guavas are rich in [[dietary fiber]] and [[vitamin C]], with moderate levels of [[folic acid]] (nutrition table). Low in [[food energy]] per typical serving, and with few [[Essential nutrient|essential nutrients]], a single common guava (''[[Psidium guajava|P. guajava]]'') fruit contains 257% of the [[Daily Value]] (DV) for vitamin C (table).<ref>{{cite web|author=Nutritiondata.com|title=Nutrition facts for common guava|url=http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1927/2|access-date=August 17, 2010}}</ref> Nutrient content varies across guava [[Cultivar|cultivars]]. Although the [[strawberry guava]] (''P. littorale'' var. ''cattleianum'') has only 39% of the vitamin C in common varieties, its content in a 100 gram serving (90&nbsp;mg) still provides 100% of the DV.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nutritiondata.com|title=Nutrition facts for strawberry guava|url=http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1928/2|access-date=August 17, 2010}}</ref> === Phytochemicals === Ewé guava kú fún [[Carotenoid|carotenoids]] àti [[Polyphenol|polyphenols]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[(+)-gallocatechin]] àti [[leucocyanidin]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Polyphenols of the leaves of psidium guava—quercetin, guaijaverin, leucocyanidin and amritoside|last=Seshadri|first=TR|last2=Vasishta|first2=K|journal=Phytochemistry|volume=4|issue=6|year=1965|pages=989–92|doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86281-0}}</ref> Gégé bí [[Phytochemicals|phytochemicals.]] ṣe ń pèsè èso àwọ̀ àti àwọ̀ mímọ́, guava tí àwọ̀ rẹ̀ bá jẹ́ aláwọ̀ pupa àti aláwò ọsàn máà sà bá ń ní polyphenol àti carotenoid ju aláwò ewé àti pupa feerefe lọ. Ewé guava kú fún === Guava seed oil === [[Fáìlì:Guava_oil.JPG|alt=A bottle of guava seed oil surrounded by fruit|thumb|Guava seed oil]] Guava seed oil, which may be used for [[culinary]] or [[cosmetics]] products, is a source of [[beta carotene]], [[vitamin A]], [[vitamin C]], [[copper]], [[zinc]] and [[selenium]],{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} and is particularly rich in [[linoleic acid]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Kobori CN|author2=Jorge N|title=Caracterização dos óleos de algumas sementes de frutas como aproveitamento de resíduos industriais|year=2005|trans-title=Characterization of some seed oils from fruits for utilization of industrial residues|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cagro/v29n5/a14v29n5.pdf|journal=Ciênc Agrotec|language=pt|volume=29|issue=5|pages=108–14|doi=10.1590/S1413-70542005000500014|doi-access=free}}</ref> The composition of fatty acids in guava seed oil is presented in the following table:{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} {| class="wikitable" |[[Lauric acid]] |<1.5% |- |[[Myristic acid]] |<1.0% |- |[[Palmitic acid]] |8–10% |- |[[Stearic acid]] |5–7% |- |[[Oleic acid]] |8–12% |- |[[Linoleic acid]] |65–75% |- |[[Saturated fats]], total |14% |- |[[Unsaturated fats]], total |86% |} == Folk medicine == Since the 1950s, guavas – particularly the leaves – have been studied for their constituents, potential biological properties and history in [[folk medicine]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=J Ethnopharmacol|year=2014|volume=151|issue=2|pages=747–67|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030|title=Medicinal plants for women's healthcare in southeast Asia: a meta-analysis of their traditional use, chemical constituents, and pharmacology|last=de Boer|first=HJ|last2=Cotingting|first2=C|pmid=24269772}}</ref> == Parasites == [[Fáìlì:Rotten_guava_in_Bangladesh.jpg|thumb|A rotten guava problem in [[Bangladesh]]]] Guavas are one of the most common hosts for fruit flies like ''[[Anastrepha suspensa|A. suspensa]]'', which lay their eggs in overripe or spoiled guavas. The larvae of these flies then consume the fruit until they can proceed into the [[pupa]] stage.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=van Whervin|first=L. Walter|date=1974-03-01|title=Some Fruitflies (Tephritidae) in Jamaica|journal=PANS Pest Articles & News Summaries|volume=20|issue=1|pages=11–19|doi=10.1080/09670877409412331|issn=0030-7793}}</ref> This [[parasitism]] has led to millions in economic losses for nations in Central America.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Baranowski|first1=Richard|last2=Glenn|first2=Holly|last3=Sivinski|first3=John|date=1993-06-01|title=Biological Control of the Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/florida-entomologist_1993-06_76_2/page/245|journal=The Florida Entomologist|volume=76|issue=2|pages=245|doi=10.2307/3495721|issn=0015-4040|jstor=3495721}}</ref> [[Fungi|Fungal]] pathogens, ''[[Neopestalotiopsis]]'' and ''[[Pestalotiopsis]]'' species are causal agents of guava scab in Colombia.<ref name="Solarte2018">{{cite journal|last1=Solarte|first1=F.|last2=Munoz|first2=C.G.|last3=Maharachchikumbura|first3=S.S.N.|last4=Alvarez|first4=E.|title=Diversity of ''Neopestalotiopsis'' and ''Pestalotiopsis'' spp., causal agents of guava scab in Colombia.|journal=Plant Disease|date=2018|volume=102|issue=1|pages=49–59|doi=10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0068-RE|doi-access=free}}</ref> == See also == * [[Myrteae]], the [[Tribe (taxonomy)|tribe]] containing guava and closely related plants with fleshy fruit {{clear}} == References == {{Reflist}} rt05jc8k2y8najku5arlcm3tgbzqwcu Nancy Charton 0 75710 632016 585979 2026-08-19T15:17:43Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Christian leader|type=priest|name=Nancy Charton|church=[[Anglican]]|province=[[Anglican Church of Southern Africa|Southern Africa]]|ordination=1992|ordained_by=[[David Russell (bishop)|David Russell]]|birth_date=1920|death_date={{death date and age|2015|11|11|1920}}|death_place=[[Graaff Reinet]]}}'''Nancy Charton''' Ph.D (tí wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1920, tó sì ṣaláìsí ní ọdún 2015) jẹ́ obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ tí ó máa jẹ oyè àlùfáà ní Anglican Church of Southern Africa.{{sfn|Meer|1998|p=107}}{{sfn|O'Meara|Greaves|1995|p=36}}{{sfn|Romero|1998|p=83}}{{sfn|McCoy|1994}}{{sfn|Horowitz|1991|p=75}} Charton jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùkọ́ tó wá padà di ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ní ẹ̀ka ẹ̀kọ́ ìṣèlú ní Rhodes University. Yàtọ̀ sí èyí, ó tún jẹ́ díkínẹ́ẹ̀sì ní St Bartholomew's Church, Grahamstown. Ní oṣụ̀ kẹsàn-án ọdún 1992, David Russell yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí i àlùfáà ní Grahamstown Cathedral. == Àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ == {{refbegin}} *{{cite book|last=Charton|first=Nancy|editor-first=Wilhelm Henry|editor-last=Meyer|title=The Calling: The Story of a Pioneering Woman Priest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrhPAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Cluster Publications|isbn=978-1-875053-79-7|display-authors=0|location=Pietermaritzburg}} *{{cite journal|last1=Charton|first1=Nancy|title=English‐speaking white elites in South African politics|journal=Politikon|volume=2|issue=2|year=2007|pages=115–128|issn=0258-9346|doi=10.1080/02589347508704682|display-authors=0}} *{{cite journal|last1=Charton|first1=Nancy|title=The Witness of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-review-of-mission_1994-01_83_328/page/153|journal=International Review of Mission|volume=83|issue=328|year=1994|pages=153–157|issn=0020-8582|doi=10.1111/j.1758-6631.1994.tb02355.x|display-authors=0}} * {{cite book|author1=Brenda Nicholls|author2=Nancy Charton|author-link2=Nancy Charton|author3=Mary Knowling|author-link3=Mary Rae Knowling|title=The Diary of Robert John Mullins (1833-1913)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MfYvygAACAAJ|year=1998|publisher=[[Rhodes University]], Department of History|location=Grahamstown}} *{{cite journal|last1=Charton|first1=Nancy C J|title=Black elites in the Transkei|journal=Politikon|volume=3|issue=2|year=1976|pages=61–74|issn=0258-9346|doi=10.1080/02589347608704706|display-authors=0}} *{{cite book|last=Charton|first=Nancy|author-link=Nancy Charton|title=Ciskei: Economics and Politics of Dependence in a South African Homeland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae0NAAAAQAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Croom Helm|isbn=978-0-7099-0332-1|display-authors=0}} {{refend}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == d7mwkt784xu7lpftf6sf65unhiowksx Ara sísan àsanjù 0 75770 632031 586479 2026-08-19T15:51:31Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Ara sísan àsanjù | image = Obesity-waist circumference.svg | alt = Three silhouettes depicting the outlines of an optimally sized (left), overweight (middle), and obese person (right). | caption = Silhouettes and [[waist circumference]]s representing optimal, [[overweight]], and obese | field = [[Endocrinology]] | symptoms = Increased fat<ref name=WHO2015/> | complications = [[Cardiovascular disease]]s, [[type 2 diabetes]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], certain types of [[cancer]], [[osteoarthritis]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]]<ref name=HaslamJames/><ref name=Luppino2010rev/> | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = Excessive consumption of energy-dense foods, sedentary work and lifestyles and lack of physical activity, changes in modes of transportation, urbanization, lack of supportive policies, lack of access to a healthy diet, genetics<ref name=WHO2015/><ref name=Yaz2015/> | risks = | diagnosis = [[Body mass index|BMI]] > {{val|30|ul=kg/m2}}<ref name=WHO2015/> | differential = | prevention = Societal changes, changes in the food industry, access to a healthy lifestyle, personal choices<ref name=WHO2015/> | treatment = Diet, exercise, medications, surgery<ref name=Yan2014/><ref name=Col2014/> | medication = | prognosis = Reduced [[life expectancy]]<ref name=HaslamJames/> | frequency = Over 1 billion / 12.5% (2022)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) |title=Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults |journal=The Lancet |date=February 29, 2024 |volume=403 |issue=10431 |pages=1027–1050 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2|pmid=38432237 |pmc=7615769 }}</ref> | deaths = 2.8 million people per year }} '''Ara sísan àsanjù''' ni a lè pè ní [[àìsàn]] kan tí àpọ̀jù [[ọ̀rá]] ara [[ènìyàn]] tí ó ṣe é wò pẹ̀lú [[oògùn]] yálà ti ìbílẹ̀ ni tàbí ti eléèbó.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, Després JP, Gordon-Larsen P, Lavie CJ, Lear SA, Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Sanders P, St-Onge MP | title = Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association | journal = Circulation | volume = 143 | issue = 21 | pages = e984–e1010 | date = May 2021 | pmid = 33882682 | pmc = 8493650 | doi = 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=21 March 2022 |title=Causes and Consequences of Childhood Obesity |url=https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/causes.html |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Policy Finder |url=https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/obesity?uri=/AMADoc/HOD.xml-0-3858.xml |access-date=18 August 2022 | work = American Medical Association (AMA) }}</ref> tí ó lè mú ìpalára bá ìlera ẹni tí ó bá sanra náà. A lè sọ wípé ẹnìkan sanra àsanjù nígbà tí ara onítọ̀hún bá ti tóbi ju bí ó tiyẹ lọ, tí gíga tàbí kúkúrú rẹ̀ náà kò bá ti bá ojúmu.<ref name="Kan2005">{{Cite book |title=Nutrition and Fitness: Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer |vauthors=Kanazawa M, Yoshiike N, Osaka T, Numba Y, Zimmet P, Inoue S |date=2005 |isbn=978-3-8055-7944-5 |series=World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics |volume=94 |pages=1–12 |chapter=Criteria and Classification of Obesity in Japan and Asia-Oceania |doi=10.1159/000088200 |pmid=16145245 |s2cid=19963495 }}</ref>Sísanra àsanjù ni ó ma ń mú aléébù bá ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn tí wọ́n bá sanra àsanjù bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ibi ìrísí wọn bákan náà ni wọ́n ma ń sábà ní àwọn àìlera kọ̀ọ̀kan bíi àìsàn inú [[iṣan]], [[ìtọ̀ ṣúgà onígun méjì]],[[àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ]] àìkíílèsùn dára dára àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. <ref name="HaslamJames">{{cite journal | vauthors = Haslam DW, James WP | title = Obesity | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_october-1-7-2005_366_9492/page/1197 | journal = Lancet | volume = 366 | issue = 9492 | pages = 1197–1209 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16198769 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1 | type = Review | s2cid = 208791491 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Obesity - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20375742 |access-date=30 November 2021|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} hpfe36cl4yws0c1vq924yp4htjewr8m Aláàfin Ojigi 0 75856 632014 614470 2026-08-19T15:15:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ojigi''' fìgbà kan jẹ́ [[Aláàfin Ìlú Ọ̀yọ́|Aláàfin]] ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́ láti ọdún 1724 wọ ọdún 1735.<ref name="b123">{{cite web|title=Alaafin Ojigi Archives|website=GB Journals|date=2021-06-22|url=https://www.gbjournals.org/keywords/alaafin-ojigi/|access-date=2024-06-17|archive-date=2024-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724040152/https://www.gbjournals.org/keywords/alaafin-ojigi/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ìṣèjọba Aláàfin Ojigi ni a lè pè ní àsìkò ti Ọ̀yọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní jagun-ṣẹ́gun. Àsìkò ìjọba rẹ̀ ni ìlú yìí ní ọ̀pọ̀ àṣeyọrí, tí ó sì ní àtilẹ́yìn àwọn olóyè pàtàkì. Ojigi ṣe àfikún àwọn ológun láti dojú-ìjà kọ ìlú Dahomey lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ìrànwọ́ àwọn ìlú mìíràn, èyí ti Ọba Dahomey tí í ṣe Agaja máa ń halẹ̀ mọ́. Ní ọdún 1730, àwọn ará ìlú Dahomey gbà láti máa ṣan ìṣakọọ́lẹ̀ ọdọọdún fún àwọn ará Ọ̀yọ́, tí í ṣe ọkùnrin ogóji, obìnrin, ìbọn, àti irinwó owó-ẹyọ.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kingdoms of the Yoruba|url=https://archive.org/details/kingdomsofyoruba0000smit|url-access=registration|publisher=Methuen & Co|author=Robert Smith|year=1969|pages=[https://archive.org/details/kingdomsofyoruba0000smit/page/43 43], 47, 49}}</ref> Ojigi kọ̀ láti kọ́ ọmọ rẹ̀, ìyẹn Àrẹ̀mọ sọ́nà tó tọ́, èyí sì mu kí àwọn Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì kọ̀ ọ́ sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Law|first=R. C. C.|date=1971|title=The constitutional troubles of Ọyọ in the eighteenth century|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1971_12_1/page/n34|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=12|issue=1|pages=25–44|doi=10.1017/s0021853700000050|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀, Àrẹ̀mọ ní láti pa ara rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kingdoms of the Yoruba|last=Smith, Robert|date=1988|publisher=Currey|isbn=0852550286|oclc=813599097}}</ref> [[Aláàfin Gberu]] ló jẹ oyè Aláàfin lẹ́yìn Ojigi. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <references /> hk3c7d29pds44bpe3q6dfhcoqysdgjj Aláàfin Gberu 0 75857 632187 587224 2026-08-19T20:01:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gberu''' fìgbà kan jẹ́ [[Aláàfin]] ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́. Ó wà lórí oyè láti ọdún 1730 wọ ọdún 1746.<ref name="s129">{{cite web|title=Alaafin of Oyo: Wo Alàáfin 43 tó jẹ́ láti ìgbà ìwásẹ̀ ṣáajú Lamide Adeyemi tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ wàjà|website=BBC News Yorùbá|date=2022-04-24|url=https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/awon-iroyin-miran-61207351|language=yo|access-date=2024-06-17}}</ref>Gberu ni ọ̀rẹ́ tímọ́tímọ́ kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Jambu, tó fi jẹ Baṣọ̀run (èyí tí ń ṣe olórí àwọn Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì, àti olùdámọ̀ràn ìlú), àmọ́ wọ́n kẹ̀yìn si, nígbà tí àwọn méjèèejì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní dìtẹ̀ mọ́ ara wọn.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The history of the Yorubas : from the earliest times to the beginning of the British Protectorate|last=Johnson, Samuel|isbn=0948390891|oclc=989713421|date=August 2011}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n kọ̀ ọ́ bí ọba, Gberu pa ara rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Law|first=R. C. C.|date=1971|title=The constitutional troubles of Ọyọ in the eighteenth century|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1971_12_1/page/25|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=12|issue=1|pages=25–44|doi=10.1017/s0021853700000050|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <references /> 7mqvchh307snyv6snfi0gt11gr678zs Aláàfin Abípa 0 75862 632111 587241 2026-08-19T18:05:42Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = King Abipa/Ogbolu or Oba M'oro | image = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = Oba M'oro | occupation = [[Alaafin]] of the [[Oyo empire]] | years_active = | nationality = | spouse = | partner = | children = | website = }} '''{{PAGENAME}}''', òun ni a tún mọ̀ sí l '''Ògbólú tàbí Ọba Moró''',<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Law|first=Robin|date=1984|title=How Truly Traditional Is Our Traditional History? The Case of Samuel Johnson and the Recording of Yoruba Oral Tradition|journal=History in Africa|volume=11|pages=195–221|doi=10.2307/3171634|issn=0361-5413|jstor=3171634}}</ref> jẹ́ [[Aláàfin Ìlú Ọ̀yọ́|Àlááfín Ọ̀yọ́]] àti àgbègbè rẹ̀. Wọ́n gbà pé ó wà ní ìtẹ́ ọba Àlááfín ní nǹkan bí sẹ́ńtúrì 16 àti 17. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Robert|date=1965|title=The Alafin in Exile: A Study of the Igboho Period in Oyo History|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1965_6_1/page/n62|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=6|issue=1|pages=57–77|doi=10.1017/s0021853700005338|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Nígbà èwe == Àlááfín Abípa jẹ́ ọmọ bíbí was the son of [[Eguguojo|Egunoju]] àti ọkàn nínú àwọn olorì rẹ̀. Wọ́n ní wón bí i lọ́nà lọ́jọ́ tí wọ́n ń ṣayẹyẹ kan lọ́nà àtisúnmọ́ ìlú [[Igboho]] (wọ́n fún lórúkọ láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ yìí ''a bí i sí ipà'' - 'ẹni tí wọ́n bí sí ipà ọ̀nà tàbí ẹ̀bá ọ̀nà').<ref name=":0" /> Kí ó tó di àkókò rẹ̀ ọba mẹ́ta tí jẹ́ lórí Ọ̀yọ́ sí [[Ìgbòho]] dípò Ọ̀yọ́ ilé nítorí ìbẹ̀rù àwọn Nupe àti àwọn mìíràn. Abípà ni Àlàáfíà Ọ̀yọ́ tí ó dá olú-ìlú Ọ̀yọ́ padà sí Ọ̀yọ́-ilé lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti borí àwọn ogún ti ó ń jàwọ́n láti ìta. Pípadà sí Ọ̀yọ́-ilé wáyé ní sẹ́ńtúrì kẹtàdínlógún (17 Century).<ref>{{Cite book|title=African sacred spaces : culture, history, and change|editor1=Ogundayo, 'BioDun J.|editor2=Adekunle, Julius|isbn=9781498567428|oclc=1077789018}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà, àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì kan tí wọ́n fẹ́ kí olú-ìlú Ọ̀yọ́ ṣì dúró sí Ọ̀yọ́-Ìgbòho rán àwọn olórò òfegè láti lọ ṣe aṣojú ọfegè nígbà tí àwọn ènìyàn Abípà ṣe àbẹ̀wò sí olú-ìlú àtijọ́.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Kingdoms of the Yoruba|last=Smith, Robert|date=1988|publisher=Currey|isbn=0852550286|oclc=813599097}}</ref> Abípà mọ nípa èyí, ló bá rán àwọn ọdẹ lọ láti mú àwọn olórò òfegè wọ̀nyí. Nítorí èyí ni wón ṣe ń pè é ní Ọba mórò, Ọba tí ó mú orò. Ìtàn yìí ṣì ń jẹyọ lásìkò ọdún ni Ọ̀yọ́ àti nígbà tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ fi ọba Àlááfín tuntun jẹ.<ref name=":1" /> Nígbà tí ọdún òye wọ Ọ̀yọ́-ilé, Abípà fi ọmọkùnrin aṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀bí rúbọ. Ìdí nìyí tí wón fi máa ń kì í ní "Ọba amórò tó f'ọmọ rẹ̀ rúbọ fún àlàáfíà ayé'.<ref name=":1" /> [[Obalokun]] ló j'ọba lẹ́yìn rẹ̀.{{cn|date=December 2022}} ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} cyx3vcvwz4y53aa9l3vx3h3bklbncsy Aláàfin Ajíbòyèdé 0 75865 632180 587246 2026-08-19T19:47:23Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ajíbóyèdé | image = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = [[Àlááfín]] | years_active = | nationality = | spouse = | partner = | children = | website = }} '''Àlááfín Ajíbóyelèdé''' jẹ́ ọba [[Àlááfín Ọ̀yọ́]] apàṣẹ wàá tí Ọ̀yọ́ àti àwọn àgbègbè rẹ̀ ní sẹ́ńtútì kẹrìndínlógún.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=African sacred spaces : culture, history, and change|editor=Ogundayo, 'BioDun J.|editor2=Adekunle, Julius|isbn=9781498567428|oclc=1077789018}}</ref> He succeeded [[Orompoto]]. ==Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó sẹ̀ nígbà ìjọba rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn Ọ̀yọ́ kan ṣe sọ, Ọba àwọn ará Nupe, Lájọmọ ló kógun ja Ọ̀yọ́ nígbà ìjọba Ajíbóyelèdé. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, ogun náà ti ń gbe àwọn àrè náà kí nǹkan tó yí padà díẹ̀ látàrí ète akoni kan tí Ajàǹlápá, tí ó jẹ́ òsì-ìwẹ̀fà ṣe, tí ogun náà sì yíwọ́ padà wá gbé Ọ̀yọ́. Láti bọlá fún ìwà akíkanjú tí Ajàǹlápá ṣe, Ọba dá oyè kan sílẹ̀ láàfin láti bọlá fún ọmọ Ajàǹlápá. Wọ́n fún ọmọ Ajàǹlápá ní láti jẹ́ àlejò pàtàkì ọba láàfin àti láti máa rọ́pò ọba lórí ìtẹ́ nígbà mìíràn. Láìfọ̀rọ̀ gùn, ipò yìí jẹ́ ipò tí wọ́n ní láti tẹ ọmọ Ajàǹlápá lọ́dàá gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà àwọn Ọ̀yọ́mèsì. Ajíbóyelèdé lọ́kàn rẹ̀ rò pé yóò jẹ́ ìwà àìmore bí òun bá jẹ́ kí wọ́n tẹ ọmọ Ajàǹlápá lọ́dàá, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn olùmọ̀nràn rẹ̀ gbà á níyànjú láti ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà ṣe làálẹ̀. Ọba tẹ̀lẹ́ ìmọ̀ràn wọn, wọ́n sì tẹ ọmọ náà lọ́dàá. Ajíbóyelèdé ni ìtàn sọ pé ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún Bẹbẹ tí wọ́n máa ń ṣe lọ́dún mẹ́ta mẹ́ta, láti ṣe àjọyọ̀ bí orí ogun àwọn Nupe àti ayẹyẹ ìjọba Ajíbóyelèdé lórí ìtẹ́ ọba.<ref name=":1" /> Lásìkò ìjọba rẹ̀, àlàáfíà wà nílùú, àwọn àgbẹ̀ rí ère-oko tó dára, tí olú-ìlú tuntun, Igboho sì ń dàgbà sókè, pàápàá jù lọ nítorí àgbègbè àti àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n wà nílùú. Lásìkò náà, ọjà ńlá méjì ni wọ́n dá silẹ, tí ìlú náà sì wà jẹ́ ìlú pàtàkì tí ó lọ́jà tí àwọn Hausa ti máa ń wá ra ẹṣin. Kò pẹ́ tí ọdún Bẹbẹ bẹ̀rẹ̀, àkọ́bí ọmọ Ajíbóyèdé, èyí tí ó jẹ́ Arẹ̀mọ Oṣemọ̀lú kú.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Robert|date=1965|title=The Alafin in Exile: A Study of the Igboho Period in Oyo History|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1965_6_1/page/57|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=6|issue=1|pages=57–77|doi=10.1017/s0021853700005338|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> Whilst Ajiboyede was mourning and fasting he reportedly had some chiefs visiting him executed for supposedly having eaten food, which nearly caused a rebellion.<ref name=":0" /> Ọba Abipa ni ó jọba lẹ́yìn Ajíbóyèdé ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} duir0t69wl21085dtuvz8z4543zb67z Aláàfin Kánran 0 75871 632058 587308 2026-08-19T16:41:42Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aláàfin Kanran''', tàbí '''Aláàfin Karan''', jẹ́ Ọba ti Ọ̀yọ́ àti àgbègbè rẹ̀. Òun ló jọba lẹ́yìn Aláàfin Odawuru. Wọ́n kà á sí ọba oníwàháià àti jàgídíjàgan, wọn sọ wípé onírúurú ìyà ni ó fi máa ń jẹ àwọn ará ìlú tí ó bá ṣẹ̀. Ìwà rẹ̀ ni ó bí òwe Ọ̀yọ́ kan tó sọ wípé " ó n'íkà nínú ju kánran". <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Law|first=R. C. C.|date=1971|title=The constitutional troubles of Ọyọ in the eighteenth century|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1971_12_1/page/25|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=12|issue=1|pages=25–44|doi=10.1017/s0021853700000050|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> Nítorí ìwà ìkà tó ní láti ma ṣe ìjàmbá fún àwọn ará ìlú, àwọn olóyè kan gbìmọ̀ ọ̀tẹ̀ láti rọ̀ ọ́ lóyè. Àwọn Ọ̀yọ́mèsì máa kọ̀ọ́, wọ́n rọ̀ ọ́ lóyè. Òun náà kọ̀ láti pa ara rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of West Africa|last=Ajayi, J. F. A.|author2=Crowder, Michael|date=1987|publisher=Longman|isbn=0582016045|oclc=476413782}}</ref> Nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ-ogun wọnú ìlú wá, ìtàn sọ pé Kánran sáré gun orí orùnlé ààfin rẹ̀, tí ó sì ń t'afà fún wọn títí wọ́n fi dáná sun ààfin ọba.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The history of the Yorubas : from the earliest times to the beginning of the British Protectorate|last=Johnson, Samuel|isbn=0948390891|oclc=989713421|date=August 2011}}</ref> Ọmọ rẹ̀, '''Janyin''' ló Jọba lẹ́yìn rẹ̀. ==Àwọn àyọkà kan láti inú ìtàn Ọ̀yọ́== "Kánran rán àwọn ọmọ-ogun láti ja àwọn ará ìlú Àgà Oìbó l'ógun, ṣùgbọ́n kí wọ́n tó kógun jàwọ́n, àwọn ọlótẹ̀ ti ránṣẹ́ sí ọba láti fi agbọ́pàá rẹ̀ ṣ'ètùtù." "Kánran gbà láti ṣe ohun tí wọ́n fẹ́, wọn sì gbé oúnjẹ ètùtù fún ọba láti jẹ. Bí Kánran ṣe jẹran ètùtù tán, àwọn ọlótẹ̀ kéde pé Kánran ti j'ẹran agbọ́pàá ara rẹ́" "Lẹ́yìn èyí, nítorí ohun burúkú tí ọba ṣe, wọ́n kéde pé àṣẹ ọba kò ṣe é tẹ̀lé mọ́ fún ẹnikẹ́ni, pàápàá jù lọ àwọn ọmọ Ogun Ọ̀yọ́. Àwọn ọlọ́tẹ̀ wá pàṣẹ kí ọba pa ara rẹ̀, èyí tó túmọ̀ sí kí ọba kúrò lórí ìtẹ́. Nípa èyí àwọn jagunjagun Ọ̀yọ́ ti kẹ̀yìn s'ọ́ba nítorí pé ó ti jèwọ̀ àwọn òrìṣà." "Páńpẹ́ tí wọ́n dẹ fún Kanran mú un, ìjà yìí niKánran ń bá àwọn ọ̀tá rẹ̀ jà tí ó fi kú." ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} 1wjv1ief1kdsox8ecd6mwruewn6e0tk Aláàfin Àjàgbó 0 75887 632040 587417 2026-08-19T16:12:26Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ajagbo | image = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = [[Alaafin]] | years_active = | nationality = | spouse = | partner = | children = | website = }} '''Àjàgbó''' fìgbà kan jẹ́ [[Aláàfin Ìlú Ọ̀yọ́]], tí ìjọba rẹ̀ wáyé ní sẹ́ńtúrì kẹtàdínlógún.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Law|first=R. C. C.|date=1971|title=The constitutional troubles of Ọyọ in the eighteenth century|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1971_12_1/page/25|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=12|issue=1|pages=25–44|doi=10.1017/s0021853700000050|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> Ajagbo jẹ oyè yìí, lẹ́yìn tí bàbá-bàbá rẹ̀ wàjà, ìyẹn [[Aláàfin Ọbalokùn]].<ref name=":1" /> Ìtàn àtẹnudẹ́nu fi ìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pé ó jọba fún ogóje ọdún.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The history of the Yorubas : from the earliest times to the beginning of the British Protectorate|last=Johnson, Samuel|isbn=0948390891|oclc=989713421|date=August 2011}}</ref> Àti pé ó jẹ́ ìbejì.<ref name=":0" /> Ó gbajúmọ̀ fún oyè ''Ààrẹ Ọ̀nà Kakanfò'' tó ṣẹ̀dá (èyí tí a lè fi wé oyè ológuna) ní ìlú Ọ̀yọ́. Yàtọ̀ sí èyí, àwọn ìgbèríko tó yí Ọ̀yọ́ ká mọ̀ ọ́n fún ìwà ogun rẹ̀, nítorí ó rán àwọn jagunjagun láti kọjú ogun sí àwọn ará Pópó, Ilé Ọlọ́pàá àti ìlú ìyá rẹ̀, ìyẹn Ikereku-were. Ọmọ rẹ̀ [[Aláàfin Ọdarawu]] ló jẹ oyè Aláàfin lẹ́yìn tó wàjà. ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== fur3lp4jeb0awu6vpmdg64goltv75z0 Aláàfin Ọdarawu 0 75888 632144 587420 2026-08-19T18:46:37Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ọdarawu''' fìgbà kan jẹ́ [[Aláàfin Ìlú Ọ̀yọ́]], ní sẹ́ńtúrì kẹtàdínlógún.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Law|first=R. C. C.|date=1971|title=The constitutional troubles of Ọyọ in the eighteenth century|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1971_12_1/page/25|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=12|issue=1|pages=25–44|doi=10.1017/s0021853700000050|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> Òun ni Aláàfin àkọ́kọ́ tí àwọn Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì ò tẹ́wọ́gbà.<ref name=":0" /> Ọdarawu jẹ́ ọmọ [[Aláàfin Àjàgbó]]. Kò pẹ́ rárá lórí oyè. Ó jẹ́ onínú fùfù, tó máa ń tètè bínú. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn ṣe sọ, ìbínú rẹ̀ ló sun dé bí wọ́n ṣe le kúrò lórí oyè, tí ó sì dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀kọ́ fún àwọn ọba tó jẹ lẹ́yìn rẹ̀. Ogun tí Ọdarawu kópa nínú rẹ̀ ni èyí tó ṣe kẹ́yìn. Lásìkò ìjọba rẹ̀, ó pàṣẹ kí wọ́n ba ọjà kan jẹ́. Orúkọ ọjà yìí ni Ojo-segi, nítorí ọkàn lára àwọn tó ń tajà níbẹ̀ ṣèṣì gbá Aláàfin yìí létí láìmọ̀ pé òun ni Aláàfin, tí ó sì tún pè é ní olè.<ref>{{Citation|last=Johnson|first=Samuel|pages=3–14|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780511702617|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511702617.006|chapter=Origin and Early History|title=The History of the Yorubas|year=2010}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn gbogbo awuyewuye yìí, àwọn ará Ọ̀yọ́ ní kó ṣígbá wò, nítorí kò yẹ láti ṣèjọba ìlú Ọ̀yọ́. Lẹ́yìn tó wàjà, [[Aláàfin Kánran]] jẹ oyè Aláàfin. ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== bnnjlma21lnsqaq4erqhk6nscugfoqm Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Apalopadidun1 3 76377 632001 612212 2026-08-19T13:56:38Z Agbalagba 14929 /* Oríyìn */ abala tuntun 632001 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oríyìn == Ẹ nlẹ́ o @[[Oníṣe:Apalopadidun1|Apalopadidun1]], mo ṣàkíyèsí wí pé ẹ gbìyànjú gidi gan fún àpilẹ̀kọ yín yìí. Àpilẹ̀kọ náà kún dára dára, ó sì mú ìtumọ̀ tí ó mọ́yánlórí wá. Mo fẹ́ gbà yín ní ìyanjú wí pé kí ẹ túbọ̀ fi ìmọ̀ kún àyọkà náà kí ó lè dára ju báyìí lọ. Ẹ kú iṣẹ́.[[Oníṣe:Agbalagba|Agbalagba]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Agbalagba|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:56, 19 Oṣù Ògún 2026 (UTC) 5z4gnjus8gx88ath302eyvuygmqnzes Ewéko 0 76583 632099 593383 2026-08-19T17:50:07Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox |name = Plants |fossil_range = {{long fossil range|Mesoproterozoic|present}} |image={{Multiple image |perrow = 2 |total_width = 270 |image1 = Frühling blühender Kirschenbaum.jpg |caption1 = [[Angiosperm]] |image2 = Micrasterias radiata.jpg |caption2 = [[Charophyta|Charophyte]]<!--a desmid--> |image3 = Climacium dendroides — Flora Batava — Volume v9 (cropped).jpg |caption3 = [[Moss]] |image4 = Glaucocystis nostochinearum.jpg |caption4 = [[Glaucophyta|Glaucophyte]] |image5 = Pinus sylvestris - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-106 (extracted).jpg |caption5 = [[Conifer]] |image6 = Chondrus crispus - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-034 (single) (cropped).jpg |caption6 = [[Rhodophyta|Red alga]] |image7 = Dryopteris filix-mas - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-202.jpg |caption7 = [[Fern]] |image8 = Lycopodium clavatum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-219 (extracted).jpg |caption8 = [[Lycophyte]] |border = infobox }} |taxon = Plantae |authority = [[Herbert Copeland (biologist)|H. F. Copel.]], 1956 |display_parents = 3 |subdivision_ranks = Superdivisions |subdivision = ''See text'' |synonyms = * [[Viridiplantae]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1981</small><ref name=CavalierSmith1981>{{cite journal |last=Cavalier-Smith |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Cavalier-Smith |year=1981 |title=Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine? |url=https://archive.org/details/bio-systems_1981_14_3-4/page/461 |journal=[[BioSystems]] |volume=14 |issue=3–4 |pages=461–481 |doi=10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2 |pmid=7337818 |bibcode=1981BiSys..14..461C }}</ref> * Chlorobionta <small>Jeffrey 1982, emend. Bremer 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt 2004</small><ref name=LewisMcCourt>{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=L.A. |first2=R.M. |last2=McCourt |year=2004 |title=Green algae and the origin of land plants |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=1535–1556 |doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535 |pmid=21652308}}</ref> * Chlorobiota <small>Kenrick and Crane 1997</small><ref name=KenrickCrane1997>{{cite book |last1=Kenrick |first1=Paul |last2=Crane |first2=Peter R. |date=1997 |title=The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution Press]] |isbn=978-1-56098-730-7}}</ref> * Chloroplastida <small>Adl et al., 2005 </small><ref name=Adl>{{cite journal |last=Adl |first=S. M. |year=2005 |title=The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists |journal=[[Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology]] |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=399–451 |doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x |display-authors=etal |pmid=16248873 |s2cid=8060916 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Phyta <small>Barkley 1939</small> emend. <small>Holt & Uidica 2007</small> * Cormophyta <small>Endlicher, 1836</small> * Cormobionta <small>Rothmaler, 1948</small> * Euplanta <small>Barkley, 1949</small> * Telomobionta <small>Takhtajan, 1964</small> * Embryobionta <small>Cronquist et al., 1966</small> * Metaphyta <small>Whittaker, 1969</small> }} '''Ewéko''' ni irúgbìn yálà [[ewé]] tàbí igi tàbí ìtàkùn tí ó ti inú ilẹ̀ là tí wọ́n ma ń ní àwọ̀ gírín ìnì tí wọ́n ma ń fi agbara ọ̀rá àti [[omi]] inú ilẹ̀ dàgbà tí agbára ìtànṣá Oòrùn àti afẹ́fẹ́ sì ma ń fún wọn ní okun láti lè dàgbà sókè. A tún lè sọ wípé ewéko ni gbogbo ohun tí a rí tí ó ní ewé lórí tàbí lára tí kìí ṣe [[ènìyàn]]. Lórílẹ̀ àgbáyé lónìí iye ewéko tí wọ́n jẹ́ ìran àti ẹ̀yà kan náà tí wọ́n wà lórílẹ̀ agbáyé lónìí jẹ́ ẹgbẹ̀rúnmẹ́taléláàádọ́rin tí àwọn tí wọ́n ń so [[èso]] jẹ́ ẹgbẹ̀rúnméjìlélọ́gọ́ta. Ewéko ni ó gba àyè tí ó pọ̀jù lórí ilẹ̀ nítorí afẹ́fẹ́ tí wọ́n ń pèsè fún gbogbo ẹ̀dá tókù. Àwọn igi eléso tí wọ́n ń so [[èso]] bíi [[ óúnjẹ oníhóró]], [[èso]] àti [[ẹ̀fọ́]] tí àwọn [[ọmọnìyàn]] àti [[ẹranko]] lè jẹ ni wọ́n ti wà láti ìgbà ìwáṣẹ̀. Àwọn [[ènìyàn]] ma ń lo ewéko fún onírúurú nkan tí ó wúlò fún wọn bí: ohun ìkọ́lé, ohun amúlé dára ([[òdòdó]]), ohun ìkọ̀wé àti ìwòsàn ara. Ìmọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ nípa ewéko àti bí a ṣe ń ṣe ìtọ́jú wọn ni wọ́n ń pè ní [[botany]]. ===Ìpínsísọ̀rí ewéko=== [[File:Cosmarium201512081550.JPG|thumb|upright|The desmid ''[[Cosmarium botrytis]]'' is a single cell.]] [[File:US 199 Redwood Highway.jpg|thumb|upright|The coast redwood ''[[Sequoia sempervirens]]'' is up to {{convert|380|ft|m|order=flip}} tall.]] Iye ewéko tí àwọn onímọ̀ gbà wípé ó wà ni ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́tàd àti méjìléláàdọ́rin,<ref name=WFO/> ní èyí tí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin jẹ́ ewéko tí ó so èso tàbí irúgbìn nínú wọn ọ́ jẹ́ ẹgbẹ̀rún méjì àti mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin.<ref name="IUCNdata">{{cite web |title=Numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms (1996–2010) |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |date=11 March 2010 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf |access-date=27 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034312/https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf |archive-date= 21 July 2011 |url-status= live }}</ref> àtẹ tí ó wà nísàlẹ̀ yí fi akójọpọ̀ ewéko hàn. Oríṣiríṣi iṣẹ́ àkànṣe ni àwọn ènìyàn ti gbé kalẹ̀ láti fi má a ṣe ìwádí nípa ònkà ewéko àti irúgbìn lágbàáyé. Lára wọn ni [[World Flora Online]].<ref name=WFO>{{cite web|work=The World Flora Online|title=An Online Flora of All Known Plants |url=http://worldfloraonline.org/|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-12 |title=How many plant species are there in the world? Scientists now have an answer |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2016/05/many-plants-world-scientists-may-now-answer/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |archive-date=23 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323202847/https://news.mongabay.com/2016/05/many-plants-world-scientists-may-now-answer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} gzat80ebbkmibwlyesd18cjvdfcc1q8 Don Moen 0 76740 632189 604239 2026-08-19T20:03:24Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|name=Don Moen|image=Don Moen in 2009.jpg|caption=Moen in 2009|birth_name=Donald James Moen|birth_date={{birth date and age|1950|06|29}}|birth_place=|genre={{hlist|[[Contemporary worship music]]|[[contemporary Christian music|CCM]]}}|occupation=Musician|instrument={{hlist|Vocals|piano|keyboards|violin}}|years_active=1984–present|label={{hlist|Integrity Music|[[Hosanna! Music]]|Integrity Asia|[[Sparrow Records|Sparrow]]|[[Star Song]]|[[Word Records|Word]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]|Don Moen Records|in:ciite|[[EMI Christian Music Group]]|Brentwood Benson}}|website={{URL|donmoen.com}}}}'''Donald James Moen''' (tí wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún 1950) jẹ́ olórin orílẹ̀-èdè America, atẹ-dùrù, òǹkọ-orin tó sojú dé àwọn orin ti ẹ̀mí. == Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ ayé àti ètò-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ == Moen dàgbà sí Two Harbors, ní Minnesota, níbi tí ó ti kàwé girama, tí ó sì kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ jáde ní ọdún 1968.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Biography of Don Moen|url=https://auntyfaith.com/2019/07/17/the-biography-of-don-moen/|last=auntyfaith|date=July 17, 2019|website=Auntyfaith.com|access-date=May 4, 2020|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226130440/https://auntyfaith.com/2019/07/17/the-biography-of-don-moen/|url-status=live}}</ref> Moen lọ sí Oral Roberts University, èyí tó jẹ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga tí àwọn Kìrísìtẹ́ẹ́nì. == Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ == [[Fáìlì:Don_Moen_in_Qatar.jpg|thumb|Moen ní ọdún 2018]] Ó di olórin nínú ẹgbẹ́ Living Sound fún iṣẹ́ ìránṣẹ́ Terry Law Ministries, ó sì rin ìrìn-àjò pẹ̀lú Terry Law fún ọdún mẹ́wàá.<ref>[http://www.donmoen.com/gen/pt.aspx?sn=1046&p1=1081] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116195245/http://www.donmoen.com/gen/pt.aspx?sn=1046&p1=1081|date=January 16, 2010}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn èyí, ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Integrity Media fún ogún ọdún, gẹ́gẹ́ bí i olùdarí àti Ààrẹ Integrity Music, Ààrẹ Integrity Label Group, àti aṣagbátẹrù àwọn àwo-orin Integrity Music.<ref name="CCM_29_8">{{cite journal|last=Swartzendruber|first=Jay|date=February 2007|title=Industrybeat: Moen of Many Hats|url=https://archive.org/details/ccm-magazine_2007-02_29_8/page/22|journal=[[CCM Magazine]]|volume=29|issue=8|page=22|issn=1524-7848}}</ref> Ó kúrò ní Integrity Media ní oṣù kejìlá ọdún 2007, láti ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ tirẹ̀, tó pè ní The Don Moen Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/news/Moens_Move/32921/p1/|title=Moen's Move: Don Moen to leave Integrity Media to form new companies|publisher=Crossrhythms.co.uk|date=August 1, 2008|access-date=August 22, 2013|archive-date=October 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015213913/http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/news/Moens_Move/32921/p1/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Don Moen Company ra MediaComplete, èyí tó jẹ́ ti ilé-ìjọsìn kan tó ṣẹ̀dá MediaShout. Moen di olóòtú ètò ''Don Moen & Friends'' ní ọdún 2009. Moen gba Dove Award fún iṣẹ́ ribiribi rẹ̀ nínú orin ''God with Us,'' lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n yan àwọn orin rẹ̀ fún ìgba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ. == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Moen àti ìyàwó rẹ̀ Laura, ti fẹ́ran wọn láti ọjọ́ kọkandínlógún oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 1973. Wọ́n jìjọ bí àwọn ọmọ márùn-ún.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sseruyigo|first=Aaron|date=2022-05-20|title='Eternally grateful': Don Moen celebrates 49 years in marriage|url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/eternally-grateful-don-moen-celebrates-49-years-in-marriage/|access-date=2024-03-07|website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219101227/https://www.ugchristiannews.com/eternally-grateful-don-moen-celebrates-49-years-in-marriage/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> == Àtòjọ orin rẹ̀ == * Give thanks (1986) * Steadfast Love (1988) * Bless the Lord (1989) * Christmas (1990) * Eternal god (1990) * Worship With Don Moen (1992) * God With Us (1993) * Trust in the Lord - Live Worship with Don Moen (1994) * Mighty Cross (1994) * Rivers of Joy (1995) * Emmanuel has Come (1996) * Praise with Don Moen (1996) * Let Your Glory Fall (1997) * Good for Us (1998) * God is Good - Worship with Don Moen (1998) * En Tu Presencia (1999) * More of You, Lord - Praise with Don Moen Volum 2 (1999) * Give Thanks (1999) * The Mercy Seat (2000) * Heal Our Land (2000) * I Will Sing (2000) * God Will Make a Way (2003) * God in Us (2001) * Trono de Gracia (2003) * Thank You Lord (2004) * 23 Nonstop Best Songs (2005) * Arise: The Worship Legacy of Don Moen (2006) * Hiding Place (2006) * With a Thankful Heart: The Best of Don Moen (2011) * Uncharted Territory (2011) * Hymnbook (2012) * Christmas A Christmas of Hope (2012) * Ultimate Collection (2013) * Hymns of Hope (2013) * By Special Request: Volume One (2015) * God Will Make a Way: A Worship Musical (2016) * Grace (Don Moen & Frank Edwards) (2016) * By Special Request: Volume Two (2017) * Jehovah Wezi Manga (Don Moen & the Mahotella Queens) (2017) * Don Moen Collection (2020) * A Hungry Heart (2020) * Return to Me (2021) * Great is Your Mercy (2022) * Goodness of God (feat. Rachel Robinson) (2022) * Upper Room Sessions (2022) * Worship Today with Don Moen (2023) * By Special Request: Vol. 3 (2023) == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == pcrepx8orv053wuq0rorcyr3c1pj3q8 Agbada 0 77145 632049 622412 2026-08-19T16:25:34Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Traditional robe worn by Yoruba men}} [[File:A_Yoruba_man_garbed_in_traditional_clothing_(2).png|thumb|ọmọ Yorùbá nínú Agbádá]] '''Agbada''' jẹ́ aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ tí ó tóbi tí àwọn [[Yorùbá]] tí wọ́n ń bẹ káàkiri gbogbo ìwọ̀ oòrùn ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]] máa ń wọ̀, pàápàá jùlọ láàrin àwọn [[Yorùbá y] tí wọ́n ń bẹ ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nàìjíríà]], [[Benin]], àti [[Togo]].<ref name="main">{{cite journal |last=Ogunsanya |first=Adeola Oladele |title=Changing patterns in feeding, dressing and naming among Yoruba of south-western Nigeria since 1960 |journal=Nigerian Journal of Social Studies |volume=17 |issue=2 |year=2015 |pages=33–47}}</ref>. Agbádá jẹ́ èyí tí ó sáábà máa ń wá tí a sì máa ń wọ̀ pẹ̀lú bùbá tí ó jẹ́ àwọ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó le wá ní onírúurú, àti ṣòkòtò gígùn tí a le wọ̀ si pẹ̀lú. A sáábà máa ń wọ̀ ọ́ pẹ̀lú onírúurú [[Fila (hat)|fila]] tàbí [[wikt:abeti_aja|abeti aja]]. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wọ ìlẹ̀kẹ̀ ìbílẹ̀ lé Agbádá. Agbádá jẹ́ aṣọ ìmúra àwọn ọkùnrin èyí tí wọ́n máa ń wọ̀ lọ sí onírúurú ìjáde tàbí ibi ayẹyẹ. Ó máa ń wá ní onírúurú àràǹbarà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anokam |first=Stella |date=2016-07-15 |title=Latest Agbada Styles with Embroidery Designs for Men (2022) |url=https://naijaglamwedding.com/latest-agbada-styles-designs-men/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=NaijaGlamWedding |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Typical_yoruba_man_outfit.jpg|thumb|Òṣèré eré Yorùbá kan nínú Agbádá]] Ìmúra rẹ̀ pín sí ọ̀nà mẹ́rin: agbádà ńlá (àwọ̀sókè); bùbá (àwọ̀tẹ́lẹ̀); ṣòkòtò gígùn kan; àti fìlà gọ̀bì kan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oladejo |first1=Adekunle I. |last2=Olateju |first2=Taibat T. |last3=Okebukola |first3=Peter A. |last4=Agboluaje |first4=Taiwo M. |last5=Sanni |first5=Rasheed |last6=Shabani |first6=Juma |last7=Akinola |first7=Victor O. |last8=Ebisin |first8=Aderonke |title=The convergence of culture, technology and context: A pathway to reducing Mathophobia and improving achievement in mathematics |journal=School Science and Mathematics |volume=123 |issue=2 |year=2023 |pages=82–96}}</ref> Àwọ̀sókè, nínú èyí tí a ti yọ orúkọ "Agbada", túmọ̀ sí "aṣọ tí ó tóbi gan" ní Yorùbá.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fakunle |first=Oluwadara |title=Colonialism and Transformations in Yoruba Traditional Attires: The Lagos Experience |journal=Ihafa: A Journal of African Studies |volume=13 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=132–156}}</ref> Àrà tàbí iṣẹ́ ọnà tí ó wà lára agbádá, pẹ̀lú bí apá rẹ̀ bá ṣe fẹ̀ sí ni yóò sọ nípa nípa bí ẹni tí ó ń wọ̀ ọ́ ṣe jàǹkànjàǹkàn tó láwùjọ. Wọn a máa wọ̀ ọ́ ní ibi onírúurú ayẹyẹ àti ìjáde. [[File:Giwa_Nurudeen.jpeg|thumb|Àwòrán ẹnìkan nínú Agbada]] Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn Agbádá jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n ṣe láti ara [[aṣọ òkè]] tàbí aṣọ òfì, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n lè ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ mìíràn nínú èyí tí a ti rí [[Adire (textile art)|adire]]. Agbádá ní ìjọra pẹ̀lú Boubou tàbí Babanriga, àwọn aṣọ yìí wá láti inú àṣà ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]], ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n yàtọ̀ nínú rírí, àrà, ìrísí, pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n lò láti fi ṣe wọ́n. Onírúurú iṣẹ́ ọnà ni a le ṣe sí agbádá wa. Agbada jẹ́ aṣọ kan tí ó gbajúmọ̀ láàrin àwọn [[Yorùbá]] pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ bíi Gbárìyẹ̀, Sulia, Oyala, Kẹ̀m̀bẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Babatunde |title=Agbada Clothing |url=https://www.lovetoknow.com/life/style/agbada-clothing |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=LoveToKnow |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925171128/https://www.lovetoknow.com/life/style/agbada-clothing |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Gbariye is close in looks to Agbada and many times considered a type of Agbada. == Ìtàn == Aṣọ yìí wá láti inú àwọn àṣà ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]] tí ó ti pẹ́ ní [[Sahel]], níbi tí ó ti sẹ̀ wá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣeré ṣùgbọ́n tí ó wà fún ojú ọjọ́ àti bí agbègbè àti ẹkùn wọn ṣe rí.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dogbe |first=Esi |title=Warped identities: dress in popular West African video films |journal=African Identities |volume=1 |issue=1 |year=2003 |pages=95–117}}</ref> [[Sahel]], ní àwọn àkókò kan, jẹ́ ilé fún àwọn ètò ìṣèjọba tí ó gbajúgbajà, bíi, [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]], [[Mali Empire|Mali]], àti [[Songhai Empire|Songhai]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rovine |first=Victoria L. |title=Continuity, innovation, fashion: Three genres of Malian embroidery |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_autumn-2011_44_3/page/58 |journal=African Arts |volume=44 |issue=3 |year=2011 |pages=58–67}}</ref> Àwọn ìjọba yìí jẹ́ àárín gbùngbùn fún ètò okoòwò àti káràkátà, ọrọ̀, àti àṣà, tí ó sì ń ṣe ìgbé lárugẹ fún ìbáṣepọ̀ láàrin àwọn ará ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]] lápapọ̀. [[File:A_Yoruba_man_garbed_in_traditional_clothing.png|thumb|Yoruba man in Gbariye]] == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} [[Category:Yoruba culture]] [[Category:Nigerian clothing]] [[Category:Robes and cloaks]] 4fj68v8wgj5us1i74z7wadbak91m288 Ìfiniṣẹrú ní Áfíríkà 0 77709 632150 602448 2026-08-19T18:50:37Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632150 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Burning_of_a_Village_in_Africa,_and_Capture_of_its_Inhabitants_(p.12,_February_1859,_XVI)_-_Copy.jpg|thumb|Sísun ìlú kan ní Áfríkà àti ìmú àwọn olùgbé rẹ̀ (Óṣù Kejì ọdún 1859)]] Ìfiniṣẹrú ti pẹ́ tí ó ti gbilẹ̀ ní Áfríkà. Àwọn ètò ìsìn àti ìfiniṣẹrú jẹ́ ohun tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ní àwọn apá kan ní Áfríkà, bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá mìíràn ní ayé ìgbà àná àti ní ìgbà tí idàgbàsókè kò ti wọ́pọ̀. Nígbà tí ti iṣowo ẹrú trans-Saharan, Iṣowo ẹrú Okun Pupa, Iṣowo ẹrú Okun India ati [[Atlantic slave trade|iṣowo ẹrú Atlantic (]] Nínú àwọn ìwé tí ó yẹ, ìfiniṣẹrú Áfríkà ti pín sí ìfiniṣẹrú ìbílẹ̀ àti ìfiniṣẹrú òkèèrè, tí ó sinmi lórí bóyá wọ́n ta àwọn ẹrú kọjá agbègbè Áfríkà tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́. Ìfiniṣẹrú ní Áfríkà ìtàn ti a ṣe ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀nà: ìfiniṣẹrú [[Ìsìnrú gbèsè|gbese]], ìfiniṣẹrú àwọn ìgbèkùn ogun, ìfiniṣẹrú ológun, ìfiniṣẹrú fún aṣẹ́wó àti ìfiniṣẹrú àwọn ọ̀daràn ni a ṣe ní oríṣiríṣi apá ní Áfríkà. == Àwọn ọ̀nà == Oríṣiríṣi ìfiniṣẹrú àti ìsìn ní tipá-tipá wà jákèjádò ìtàn Áfríkà, tí a sì ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn àṣà ìfiniṣẹrú ìbílẹ̀ àti ètò ìfiniṣẹrú Róòmù (àti àwọn ojú ìwòye Kristẹni lẹ́yìn náà lórí ìfiniṣẹrú), àwọn ètò ìfiniṣẹrú Ìsìláàmù nípasẹ̀ òwò ẹrú Mùsùlùmí, àti ní ìkẹyìn òwò ẹrú Atlántíkì.<ref name="Lovejoy-2012">{{Cite book|last=Lovejoy|first=Paul E.|title=Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London}}</ref> Ìfiniṣẹrú jẹ́ apá kan ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ọrọ̀-ajé ti àwọn àwùjọ Áfríkà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀rúndún, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ yàtọ̀.<ref name="Lovejoy-2012" /> [[Ibn Battuta]], tí ó ṣabẹ̀wò sí Ìjọba ìgbàanì ti [[Mali|Málì]] ní àárín ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún sọ pé àwọn olùgbé ìbílẹ̀ ń bára wọn díje ní iye àwọn ẹrú àti ìránṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ní, àti pé òun fúnra rẹ̀ ni wọ́n fún ní ọmọkùnrin ẹrú kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ẹ̀bùn àlejò."[2] Ní ìsàlẹ̀ Sàhárà Áfríkà, àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ ẹrú sábà máa ń jẹ́ dídíjú, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ àti òmìnira tí a kò fi fún àwọn ènìyàn tí ó wà nínú ìfiniṣẹrú àti àwọn ìdènà lórí títà àti ìtọ́jú wọn látọwọ́ àwọn ọ̀gá wọn.<ref name="Fage2">{{Cite journal|last=Fage|first=J.D.|title=Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1969_10_3/page/393|journal=The Journal of African History|year=1969|volume=10|issue=3|pages=393–404|doi=10.1017/s0021853700036343}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwùjọ́ ní àwọn ìtọ́kasí láàárín oríṣiríṣi irú ẹrú má ńwà: fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìyàtọ̀ láàárín àwọn tí a bí sínú ìfiniṣẹrú àti àwọn tí a mú nípasẹ̀ ogun.<ref name="Rodney">{{Cite journal|last=Rodney|first=Walter|title=African Slavery and Other Forms of Social Oppression on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Context of the Atlantic Slave-Trade|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1966_7_3/page/431|journal=The Journal of African History|year=1966|volume=7|issue=3|pages=431–443|jstor=180112|doi=10.1017/s0021853700006514}}</ref> "Àwọn ẹrú ní Áfríkà, mo rò pé, wọ́n fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìpín mẹ́ta sí ọ̀kan sí àwọn òmìnira. Wọn kò béèrè èrè kankan fún iṣẹ́ wọn àyàfi oúnjẹ àti aṣọ, wọ́n sì ń bá wọn lò pẹ̀lú ìrẹ̀lẹ̀ tàbí ìkà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwà rere tàbí búburú ti àwọn ọ̀gá wọn. Àṣà, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ti fi ìdí àwọn ìlànà kan múlẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú àwọn ẹrú, èyí tí a rò pé ó jẹ́ àbùkù láti rú. Nítorí náà, àwọn ẹrú inú ilé, tàbí irú àwọn tí a bí nínú ilé ọkùnrin kan, ni a ń bá lò pẹ̀lú ìrẹ̀lẹ̀ ju àwọn tí a fi owó rà lọ. ... Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìdènà wọ̀nyí lórí agbára ọ̀gá kò kan ìtọ́jú àwọn ẹlẹ́wọ̀n tí a mú ní ogun, tàbí ti àwọn ẹrú tí a fi owó rà. Gbogbo àwọn aláìnírètí wọ̀nyí ni a kà sí àjèjì àti àwọn àjèjì, tí kò ní ẹ̀tọ́ sí ìdábòbò òfin, wọ́n sì lè bá lò pẹ̀lú ìkà, tàbí tà fún àjèjì, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfẹ́ àwọn ọ̀gá wọn." Ìrìnàjò ní Inú Áfríkà, Mungo Park, Ìrìnàjò ní Inú Áfríkà j. II, Orí XXII – Ogun àti Ìfiniṣẹrú. Àwọn ọ̀nà ìfiniṣẹrú ní Áfríkà ní ìsopọ̀ rẹpẹtẹ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ìbátan. Ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwùjọ́ Áfríkà, níbi tí ilẹ̀ kò ti lè jẹ́ ohun ìní, ìfiniṣẹrú àwọn ènìyàn ni a lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú kí ipa tí ènìyàn ní pọ̀ síi àti láti na owójà rè síwájú <ref name="Snell" /> Èyí mú kí àwọn ẹrú di apá ìdílé ọ̀gá wọn tí ó wà títí, àwọn ọmọ ẹrú sì lè di ìsopọ̀ pẹ́kẹ́lẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìbátan ìdílé tí ó tóbi jù.<ref name="Lovejoy-2012">{{Cite book|location=London}}</ref> hf0lnjnorhwfxwa39vdpq0uh8t8pxje Ẹrú ni Africa 0 77712 632020 608161 2026-08-19T15:23:03Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632020 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Burning_of_a_Village_in_Africa,_and_Capture_of_its_Inhabitants_(p.12,_February_1859,_XVI)_-_Copy.jpg|thumb|Sísun ìlú kan ní Áfríkà àti ìmú àwọn olùgbé rẹ̀ (Óṣù Kejì ọdún 1859)]] "Àwọn ẹrú ní Áfríkà, mo rò pé, wọ́n fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìpín mẹ́ta sí ọ̀kan sí àwọn òmìnira. Wọn kò béèrè èrè kankan fún iṣẹ́ wọn àyàfi oúnjẹ àti aṣọ, wọ́n sì ń bá wọn lò pẹ̀lú ìrẹ̀lẹ̀ tàbí ìkà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwà rere tàbí búburú ti àwọn ọ̀gá wọn. Àṣà, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ti fi ìdí àwọn ìlànà kan múlẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú àwọn ẹrú, èyí tí a rò pé ó jẹ́ àbùkù láti rú. Nítorí náà, àwọn ẹrú inú ilé, tàbí irú àwọn tí a bí nínú ilé ọkùnrin kan, ni a ń bá lò pẹ̀lú ìrẹ̀lẹ̀ ju àwọn tí a fi owó rà lọ. ... Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìdènà wọ̀nyí lórí agbára ọ̀gá kò kan ìtọ́jú àwọn ẹlẹ́wọ̀n tí a mú ní ogun, tàbí ti àwọn ẹrú tí a fi owó rà. Gbogbo àwọn aláìnírètí wọ̀nyí ni a kà sí àjèjì àti àwọn àjèjì, tí kò ní ẹ̀tọ́ sí ìdábòbò òfin, wọ́n sì lè bá lò pẹ̀lú ìkà, tàbí tà fún àjèjì, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfẹ́ àwọn ọ̀gá wọn." Ìrìnàjò ní Inú Áfríkà, Mungo Park, Ìrìnàjò ní Inú Áfríkà j. II, Orí XXII – Ogun àti Ìfiniṣẹrú. Ìfiniṣẹrú ti pẹ́ tí ó ti gbilẹ̀ ní Áfríkà. Àwọn ètò ìsìn tipá-tipá àti ìfiniṣẹrú jẹ́ ohun tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ní àwọn apá kan ní Áfríkà, bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá mìíràn ní ayé ìgbà àná àti ìgbà tí ìdàgbàsókè koti gbilẹ̀ [1] Nígbà tí òwò ìfiniṣẹrú ìrékọjá Sàhárà, òwò ìfiniṣẹrú Okun Pupa, òwò ìfiniṣẹrú Òkun [[Índíà]] àti òwò ìfiniṣẹrú Atlántíkì (tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún) bẹ̀rẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ètò ìfiniṣẹrú ìbílẹ̀ Áfríkà tí ó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè àwọn ìgbèkùn fún àwọn ọjà ìfiniṣẹrú ní òkèèrè Áfríkà.[2][3] Ìfiniṣẹrú ní Áfríkà ìgbàlódé ṣì wà ní àwọn agbègbè kan bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó lòdì sí òfin. Nínú àwọn ìwé tí ó yẹ, ìfiniṣẹrú Áfríkà ti pín sí ìfiniṣẹrú ìbílẹ̀ àti ìfiniṣẹrú òkèèrè, tí ó sinmi lórí bóyá wọ́n ta àwọn ẹrú kọjá agbègbè Áfríkà tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́. Ìfiniṣẹrú ní Áfríkà ìtàn ti a ṣe ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀nà: ìfiniṣẹrú [[Ìsìnrú gbèsè|gbese]], ìfiniṣẹrú àwọn ìgbèkùn ogun, ìfiniṣẹrú ológun, ìfiniṣẹrú fún aṣẹ́wó àti ìfiniṣẹrú àwọn ọ̀daràn ni a ṣe ní oríṣiríṣi apá ní Áfríkà. Oríṣiríṣi ìfiniṣẹrú àti ìsìn ní tipá-tipá wà jákèjádò ìtàn Áfríkà, tí a sì ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn àṣà ìfiniṣẹrú ìbílẹ̀ àti ètò ìfiniṣẹrú Róòmù (àti àwọn ojú ìwòye Kristẹni lẹ́yìn náà lórí ìfiniṣẹrú), àwọn ètò ìfiniṣẹrú Ìsìláàmù nípasẹ̀ òwò ẹrú [[Mùsùlùmí]], àti ní ìkẹyìn òwò ẹrú Atlántíkì.<ref name="Lovejoy-2012">{{Cite book|last=Lovejoy|first=Paul E.|title=Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London}}</ref> Ìfiniṣẹrú jẹ́ apá kan ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ọrọ̀-ajé ti àwọn àwùjọ Áfríkà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀rúndún, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ yàtọ̀.<ref name="Lovejoy-2012" /> [[Ibn Battuta]], tí ó ṣabẹ̀wò sí Ìjọba ìgbàanì ti [[Mali|Málì]] ní àárín ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún sọ pé àwọn olùgbé ìbílẹ̀ ń bára wọn díje ní iye àwọn ẹrú àti ìránṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ní, àti pé òun fúnra rẹ̀ ni wọ́n fún ní ọmọkùnrin ẹrú kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ẹ̀bùn àlejò."[2] Ní ìsàlẹ̀ Sàhárà Áfríkà, àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ ẹrú sábà máa ń jẹ́ dídíjú, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ àti òmìnira tí a kò fi fún àwọn ènìyàn tí ó wà nínú ìfiniṣẹrú àti àwọn ìdènà lórí títà àti ìtọ́jú wọn látọwọ́ àwọn ọ̀gá wọn.<ref name="Fage2">{{Cite journal|last=Fage|first=J.D.|title=Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1969_10_3/page/393|journal=The Journal of African History|year=1969|volume=10|issue=3|pages=393–404|doi=10.1017/s0021853700036343}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwùjọ́ ní àwọn ìtọ́kasí láàárín oríṣiríṣi irú ẹrú má ńwà: fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìyàtọ̀ láàárín àwọn tí a bí sínú ìfiniṣẹrú àti àwọn tí a mú nípasẹ̀ ogun.<ref name="Rodney">{{Cite journal|last=Rodney|first=Walter|title=African Slavery and Other Forms of Social Oppression on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Context of the Atlantic Slave-Trade|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1966_7_3/page/431|journal=The Journal of African History|year=1966|volume=7|issue=3|pages=431–443|jstor=180112|doi=10.1017/s0021853700006514}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà ìfiniṣẹrú ní Áfríkà ní ìsopọ̀ rẹpẹtẹ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ìbátan. Ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwùjọ́ Áfríkà, níbi tí ilẹ̀ kò ti lè jẹ́ ohun ìní, ìfiniṣẹrú àwọn ènìyàn ni a lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú kí ipa tí ènìyàn ní pọ̀ síi àti láti na owójà rè síwájú <ref name="Snell" /> Èyí mú kí àwọn ẹrú di apá ìdílé ọ̀gá wọn tí ó wà títí, àwọn ọmọ ẹrú sì lè di ìsopọ̀ pẹ́kẹ́lẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìbátan ìdílé tí ó tóbi jù.<ref name="Lovejoy-2012">{{Cite book|location=London}}</ref> [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìtàn ilẹ̀ Áfríkà]] == Àwọn àṣà nípa ẹkùn ilẹ̀ == [[File:Queen_Ranavalona_I_of_Madagascar_engraving.jpg|thumb|Àwọn ẹrú Malagasy (Andevo) tí ń gbé Queen Ranavalona I ti [[Madagásíkà|Madagascar]].]] k342zix0tevhgtom5ktjzwegjbe4rjj Sathasivian Cooper 0 77870 632177 603193 2026-08-19T19:42:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sathasivan Cooper|image=|alt=|caption=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1950|06|11|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Durban]], South Africa|death_date=|death_place=|education=[[University of South Africa]]<br/>[[University of the Witwatersrand]]<br/>[[Boston University]]|known_for=Part of the [[SASO Nine]]}} '''Sathasivan “Saths” Cooper''' (A bí i ní ọjọ́ kẹ́tàlá, oṣù kẹfà, ọdún 1950.) ó jẹ́ Onímọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì ọpọlọ tó ní amọ̀ja nínú ìtọ́jú àìlera ọpọlọó ni South Africa tí a bí ni Durban tí India-South Africa . O bẹrẹ lati ṣe ìdarapọ̀ pẹlu Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) o si darapọ̀ mọó Ẹgbẹ Awọn ọmọ ile-iwe South Africa (SASO), ati pe o jẹ ọkan ninu awọn ti wọn pe ni “ SASO Nine ” awọn olùdarí ọmọ ilé-ìwé ti wón mú ní ọdún 1974 fun awọn iṣẹ atako-apartheid wọn. Ní àkókò yii Saths lo ọdun mẹsan ni àhámó ọgbà èwòn, pẹlu ọdún márùn-ún ni [[Erékùṣù Robben|Robben Island]] nibiti o ti pin bulọọki sẹẹli kan Pẹ̀lú [[Nelson Mandela]] . Lakoko tí ó tì wá ni èwòn, Cooper pari ìwé-èkó gíga rẹ ni pá ẹkọ ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ pẹlu University of South Africa . Wọ́n Tu sílẹ̀ ni 1982 Cooper tẹ̀síwájú láti lo kó ẹ̀kọ́ ni Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Witwatersrand ti Ó sì parí PhD rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi òmòwé Fulbright ni Ile-ẹkọ giga Boston . <ref name="apa bio" /> O jẹ ìgbà mẹ́rin ti wón dìbò Yan bi Alákóso ti [[Psychological Society of South Africa|Awujọ Ọpọlọ ti South Africa]], àti pẹ ó jẹ́ Igbákejì-Chancellor ati Alákóso Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Durban-Westville (ṣaaju iṣakojọpọ rẹ). O ṣiṣẹ bi Alákósọ International Congress of Psychology èyítí ó wáyé ní ọdún 2012 ni Cape Town, [[Gúúsù Áfríkà|South Africa]] . Ni Ile asofin ijoba, Cooper ni a yan Alakoso Afirika akọkọ ti International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS), iru United Nations fun awọn ẹgbẹ 90 ti orilẹ-ede oroinuokan ati diẹ sii ju awọn ajọ agbegbe 20 lọ. == Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ == Cooper ni a bi ni agbègbè ìgbèríkọ ni ita [[Durban]], South Africa níbití àwọn òbí rẹ ti ni ile-iwe aládáni. O dàgbà Pẹ̀lú òyẹ lílọ awọn èdè púpọ̀ bi [[Èdè Zulu|Zulu]], [[Èdè Tàmil|Tamil]], [[Èdè Áfríkáánì|Afrikaans]], [[Èdè Xhosa|Xhosa]], ati Gẹẹsi . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Pathfinders in International Psychology|last=Rich|first=Grant|publisher=Information Age Publishing|year=2015|isbn=9781681231433|location=Charlotte, NC|pages=241–255}}</ref> Cooper Bẹ̀rẹ̀ òṣèlú ni ile-iwe gíga ó sì tẹ̀síwájú lati ṣe ìṣèlú ni gbogbo ile-ẹkọ giga, eyiti o dàbí wípé ó ṣe okùnfà lílé rẹ kuro ni Ile-ẹkọ gíga Yunifásitì, Salisbury Island, Durban bakanna ni ijọba [[Ápártáìdì|South Africa]] ti kọ ìwé ìrìnàjò rẹ lati lọ si ilé-èkó gíga ni Ìlú Gẹẹsi. <ref name=":0" /> Gẹgẹbi olùdarí ti Natal Indian Congress, Cooper ni àwọn ìpàdé lóórèkóórè Pẹ̀lú [[Steve Biko]], Olùdarí ti Black Consciousness Movement, o si gba àwọn ajàfitafita India níyànjú láti kópa nínú ẹgbẹ yii. <ref name=":0" /> == Àfikún sí ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́nsì ọpọlọ == Àwọn ilówósí pàtàkì Jùlọ ti Cooper sí sáyẹ́nsì ọpọlọ ni lati ṣe iranlọwọ fun Awọn ara ilu South Africa larada kuro ninu ìbàlókànjé ti [[Ápártáìdì|eleyameya]], ṣe ìlọsíwájú àwọn ẹ̀tó ènìyàn, àti àtiléyìn ijọba tiwantiwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Pathfinders in International Psychology|last=Rich|first=Grant|publisher=Information Age Publishing|year=2015|isbn=9781681231433|location=Charlotte, NC|pages=241–255}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRich2015">Rich, Grant (2015). ''Pathfinders in International Psychology''. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">241–</span>255. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781681231433|<bdi>9781681231433</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Ó tún ṣe ìrànlówó lati ṣèdá Àwùjọ Ọpọlọ ti South Africa (PsySSA), eyiti o jẹ àkókò ti ẹkọ sáyẹ́nsì ọpọlọ ti South Africa ti ko ṣe ìyàsótò ti o da lórí ẹ̀yà tàbí akọ. <ref name=":0" /> === Awọn ipa <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Sathasivan ('Saths') Cooper: Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-psychologist_2014-11_69_8/page/835|journal=American Psychologist|date=2014|volume=69|issue=8|pages=835–837|doi=10.1037/a0037568|pmid=25486172}}</ref> === * Akòwé olupilẹṣẹ - Igbimọ itage ti Natal (TECON) * Akọ̀wé ìdásílẹ̀- South African Black Theatre Union * Alákóso po - 1972 ọmọdekunrin ọmọ ile-iwe orilẹ-ede ti Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Ariwa (pẹlu Steve Biko) * Igbákẹjì Aàrẹ, igbákejì, ati Aare - Azania People's Organisation * Oludasile - National Forum * Oludamoran idasile - Institute for Black Research * Aare - South African/Azanian Akeko Movement, US * Alaga - [[Desmond Tutu|Archbishop Tutu]] Sikolashipu Fund * Oludasile-Ile-iṣẹ fun Ilera ati Idagbasoke, US * Alága - Soweto Dance Theatre Company * Alága - Isé Masakhane fun awọn ti kò ní ilé * Ọlùkópa - Alternate Dispute Resolution Association of South Africa * Alaga - South African Community Development Agency * Alaga - Iṣẹgun fun Life * Oludasile omo egbe - Goldstone Commission of Inquiry sinu Children ká ẹtọ * Olùkópa - [[Erékùṣù Robben|Robben Island Museum]] * Olùkópa - eleyameya Museum * Olùkópa - Nelson Mandela Gateway * Oludasile olupilẹṣẹ - Indigo (irohin igbesi aye) * Alagbawo - Orisirisi awọn eto redio ati tẹlifisiọnu * Alaga - Road ijamba Fund * Aṣoju - IUPsyS == Àwọn ọlá == * Ẹlẹgbẹ ti International Science Council * Ẹlẹgbẹ ti British Psychological Society (2014). * Aami Ẹbun Ẹgbẹ Awuyewuye ti Amẹrika fun Awọn ifunni Iyatọ si Ilọsiwaju Kariaye ti Psychology (2014). * Aṣeyọri Lodi si Aami Eye Awọn aidọgba lati International Union of Science Psychological (2012). * Medal fun Awọn iṣẹ si Ẹkọ nipa Imọ-jinlẹ Kariaye lati International Union of Science Psychological (2008). <ref name="iupsys award" /> * Ẹlẹgbẹ ti National Academy of Psychology (India) (2007). * Ẹlẹgbẹ ti [[Psychological Society of South Africa|Awujọ Àkóbá ti South Africa]] (2002). <ref name="psyssa">{{Cite web|archivedate=24 September 2015}}</ref> * Ẹlẹgbẹ ti [[Irish Psychological Society]] . <ref name="iupsys award" /> == Awọn itọkasi == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1950]] 5v1josh5kcsxs43nyeeyii2r3vimbhd Eunice Sahle 0 77956 632118 603726 2026-08-19T18:13:29Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Kenyan economist and political scientist}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Use Kenyan English|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox academic | occupation = {{flatlist| * Economist * political scientist }} | awards = [[Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences]] (2016) | alma_mater = {{ublist| * [[University of Toronto]] * [[Queen's University at Kingston]] }} | thesis_title = Democratisation in Malawi : state, economic structure and neo-liberal hegemony | thesis_url = https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=NQ63452&op=pdf&app=Library | thesis_year = 2001 | doctoral_advisor = [[Colin Leys]] | discipline = African studies | workplaces = [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] }} '''Eunice Njeri Sahle'''<ref name="Jennings 2006" /> jẹ òní imon isowo ọ̀rọ̀ ajé àti òní ìmò ìjìnlè nípa òṣèlú ni orílè-èdè Kenya. Ti o sì yàn ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ajé ati ìdàgbàsókè òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, ti o sì ti tẹ ọpọlọpọ ìwé atẹjade bí, ''[[The Legacies of Julius Nyerere]]'' (2002), o jẹ ọ̀gá àgbà [[Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences]]. O jẹ ọjọgbọn ni ilé ìwé gíga YunifásítìNorth Carolina ni ìlú ChapelHill tí o sì jẹ alága ilé ẹ̀kọ́ náà leka ìdàgbàsókè adúláwò àti ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Adúláwò. (2012-2016, 2017-2021). ==Ìtàn ìgbésí ayé== Sahle ni wọ́n bí sì ilé mọ́lẹ̀bí arákùnrin James K. Mugo, ni ẹniti o jẹ oṣiṣẹ ìjọba ti o fí orílè èdè Nairobi,ti màmá rẹ njẹ Esther.<ref name="Sahle 2001"/><ref name="UNC 2013"/> níní ìjọ Anglican ti won sì rán gbogbo àwọn ọmọ wọn mẹ́fà lọ sí ilé iwe láti ma gbẹ ibè".<ref name="UNC 2013">{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Gary |date=2013-09-10 |title=A live-changing moment |url=https://www.unc.edu/discover/a-live-changing-moment/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=University Gazette |via=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}</ref> Ìtàn ìgbésí aayé ìyá rẹ ni o ṣé ìwúrí nípa obìnrin adúláwò akọkọ ni orílè-èdè Kenya ti o lọ sí ilé ìwé àwọn obìnrin nìkan tí Limuru; Sahle pad bà obìnrin akekoo náà nígbà tí ohùn náà lọ kọ ẹkọ ni ilé ìwé náà.<ref name="UNC 2013" /> O lọ sí ilé ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Yunifásítì [[University of Toronto| Toronto]], níbi tí o tí gbà Iwe-ẹri BA nípa ètò òṣèlú àti ìdàgbàsókè àgbáyé àti ìwé ẹ̀rí Master nípa òṣèlú bákan náà ni ilé ìwé gíga [[Queen's University at Kingston| Queen'sYunifásítì]] ni Kingston, níbi ti o ti gbà Iwe-ẹri dókítà ti a mọ sì a PhD ni eka ìjìnlè ìmò òṣèlú.<ref name="UNC aaad">{{Cite web |title=Eunice Sahle |url=https://aaad.unc.edu/faculty-staff/eunice-sahle/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}</ref> Her doctoral dissertation ''Democratisation in Malawi: State, Economic Structure and Neo-Liberal Hegemony'' was supervised by [[Colin Leys]].<ref name="Sahle 2001">{{cite thesis|url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=NQ63452&op=pdf&app=Library|year=2001|first=Eunice Njeri|last=Sahle|title=Democratisation in Malawi: State, Economic Structure and Neo-Liberal Hegemony|degree=PhD|publisher=Queen's University}}</ref> Sahle o darapọ mọ ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill| North Carolina]], tí o sì di amungbalegbe ọjọgbọn ni ẹka ètò ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Adúláwò àti Áfíríkà, Adúláwò ti orílè-èdè Amẹ́ríkà àti ẹ̀kọ́ nípa àwọn ti won wá ni ẹyin òdì.<ref name="UNC 2013" /> Ni ọjọ kíni oṣù kíni ọdún 2012, o di alága chair ti ẹka kàn ni ilé ìwé lẹ́yìn ìgbátí [[Julius Nyang'oro]] kò ìwé fi ipò sílè nígbàtí o ni ìdojúkọ pẹlu ilé ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Yunifásítì náà.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ellis |first=Lindsay |last2=Wilson |first2=Robin |date=2014-01-06 |title=Professors in Classroom on Time? Check.: At the U. of North Carolina, a culture of autonomy falls victim to one department's no-show scandal |work=The Chronicle of Higher Education |id={{ProQuest|1476179870}}}}</ref> Ti o sì ṣíṣe gẹgẹbi bi alága náà títí di ọdún 2016, lẹ́yìn náà o tún lọ ṣáá mí láàrin ọdún 2017 si ọdún 2021.<ref name="UNC aaad" /> Ohùn náà tún ní alága fún ibùdó UNC Chapel Hill's African Studies Center.<ref name="UNC aaad" /> Sahle je alábòójútó nípa ètò ọ̀rọ̀ ajé àti ìdàgbàsókè adúláwò.<ref name="UNC 2013" /> Ni ọdún 2002, ohùn àti [[David McDonald (political scientist)|David McDonald]] wọn di jọ pá wo pò ṣe àtúnṣe ìwé ''[[The Legacies of Julius Nyerere]]'', a volume of conference papers on the [[Julius Nyerere|eponymous Tanzanian statesman]].<ref name="Jennings 2006" /> In 2004, she and [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] co-authored a [[Diogenes (journal)|Diogenes]] article about [[Hegelianism]] in [[Chinua Achebe]]'s work.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thiong'o |first=Ngugi Wa |last2=Sahle |first2=Eunice Njeri |date=2004 |title=Hegel in African Literature: Achebe’s Answer |journal=Diogenes |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=63–67 |doi=10.1177/0392192104044274 |issn=0392-1921}}</ref> Ni ọdún 2010, o ṣe atẹjade ìwé kàn tí a mọ sì ''World Orders, Development and Transformation'', a book on the post-World War II [[international order]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Orders, Development and Transformation |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230274860 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=SpringerLink}}</ref> To sì tún padà ṣe àtúnṣe sì àwọn ìwé mẹta ototo: ''Globalization and Socio-Cultural Processes in Contemporary Africa'' (2015); ''Democracy, Constitutionalism, and Politics in Africa'' (2017); and ''Human Rights in Africa: Contemporary Debates and Struggles'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Globalization and Socio-Cultural Processes in Contemporary Africa |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137519146 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=SpringerLink}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Democracy, Constitutionalism, and Politics in Africa |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/978-1-137-55592-2 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=SpringerLink}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights in Africa: Contemporary Debates and Struggles |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/978-1-137-51915-3 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=SpringerLink}}</ref> Sahle wọn dibo yàn gẹgẹbi [[Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences]] ni ọdun 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahle Eunice |url=https://aasciences.africa/fellows/sahle-eunice |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=African Academy of Sciences}}</ref> She o jẹ ọmọ ìjọ Anglican, ti o sì máa ń lọ sí [[Chapel of the Cross (Chapel Hill, North Carolina)|Chapel of the Cross]] ni ojo jù mọ, tí o sì sọ wípé o rán àwùjọ náà lọwọ ti o sì má n je ki ohùn rí gẹ́gẹ́bíi ilé kejì ohùn".<ref name="UNC 2013" /> ==Bibliography== *(ed. with David A. McDonald) ''[[The Legacies of Julius Nyerere]]'' (2002)<ref name="Jennings 2006">{{Cite journal |last=Jennings |first=Michael |date=2006 |title=Review of The Legacies of Julius Nyerere: Influences on Development Discourse and Practice in Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_2006-04_105_419/page/n130 |journal=African Affairs |volume=105 |issue=419 |pages=299–300 |issn=0001-9909 |jstor=3876792}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 2003 |title=The Legacies of Julius Nyerere |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-business_2003-05_287/page/n63 |journal=African Business |issue=287 |page=64 |id={{ProQuest|220427971}}}}</ref> *''World Orders, Development and Transformation'' (2010) *(ed.) ''Globalization and Socio-Cultural Processes in Contemporary Africa'' (2015) *(ed.) ''Democracy, Constitutionalism, and Politics in Africa'' (2017) *(ed.) ''Human Rights in Africa: Contemporary Debates and Struggles'' (2019) ==References== {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sahle, Eunice}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:21st-century Kenyan economists]] [[Category:21st-century Kenyan women scientists]] [[Category:Kenyan women economists]] [[Category:Kenyan political scientists]] [[Category:Women political scientists]] [[Category:Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Africanists]] [[Category:Kenyan expatriates in the United States]] [[Category:Expatriate academics in the United States]] [[Category:University of Toronto alumni]] [[Category:Queen's University at Kingston alumni]] [[Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty]] 5ff3sm7wk8xz0yy366e9q7z3z2p5x95 Glenda Gray 0 77990 632130 605331 2026-08-19T18:31:08Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|South African researcher}} <!-- ************************************************ * Using {{R|Ref}} style for readability. * * References at the end under {{reflist|refs=}}* * Please continue using this style * ************************************************ --> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022} {{Infobox scientist | name = Glenda Gray | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|12|14|df=y}} | image = Glenda Gray SA.jpg | birth_place = [[Boksburg]] | nationality = [[South Africa]]n | field = [[Medicine]], [[pediatrics]], [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]] | work_institution = [[University of the Witwatersrand]]<br/>[[South African Medical Research Council]]<br/>[[Columbia University]] | alma_mater = Yunifásítì ti Witwatersrand<br/>[[Colleges of Medicine of South Africa]] | known_for = [[HIV]] research<br/> Aree ti awọn ìgbìmọ̀ oni ìmò ìwádìí ìjìnlè ti orílè-èdè South Africa {{R|SAMRC|Kullinan}} | spouse = Jacobus Kloppers | children = 3 }} '''Glenda Elisabeth Gray''' <small>[[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MB BCh]], FC Paeds, [[Doctor of Science|DSc]] (hc), {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|OMS}}</small> jẹ òní ìwòsànàìsàn ará tí orílè-èdè South Africa, Oni ìmòsayensi àti ajafitafita nípa itọju ọmọde àti ìwòsànàrùn kogboogun [[HIV]] medicine. Ni ọdun 2012, wọ́n fi àmín ẹyẹ dá lóla èyítí o ga julọ ni orílè-èdè South Africa's, pẹ̀lú amin ẹyẹ [[Order of Mapungubwe]] (Silver).{{R|Mapungubwe}} O jẹ obìnrin akọkọ ti yio jẹ aree ẹgbẹ àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ òní ìmò ìwádìí ìjìnlè ti a mọ sì [[South African Medical Research Council]]{{R|Kullinan}} ni ọdún 2014, wọn ká yóò gẹgẹbi ọkan lára àwọn ènìyàn ọgọ́rùn-ún tí o gbajumo julọ láti ọwọ awọn ile-iṣẹ ti ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{R|Time|NRF}} nii ọdun 2017 ó sì tún wá lára àwọn "obìnrin àádọ́ta ti o lágbára julọ ni ilé adúláwò" láti ọwọ àwùjọ ''[[Forbes|Forbes Africa]]'' ni ọdun 2020.{{R|Forbes}} Imo ìṣe ìwádìí tẹsiwaju láti ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn ogún fún àwọn àìsàn tí ènìyàn lè ní látàrí ibalopọ ati ogún ìdènà àrùn HIV. [[HIV vaccine|vaccine]]s.{{R|Dugmore}} === Anti-apartheid activism === Gray entered the [[University of the Witwatersrand]] in 1980 where she studied at the medical school for six years followed by seven years of specialization in [[pediatrics]].{{R|wits}} Her siblings were already at the university and one of her brothers was involved with a radical student union that was opposed to apartheid. Gray joined the Health Workers Association, a group intent on desegregating South Africa's hospitals. In 1983 the first [[HIV/AIDS]] cases and deaths were confirmed in South Africa and Gray committed to educating South African communities about how to prevent HIV.{{R|Engel}} === HIV research and activism === By the time that Gray completed her training as a pediatrician in 1993, HIV was prevalent among many children admitted to [[Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital]], the largest hospital in Africa,{{R|Bara}} situated on the outskirts of South Africa's largest black township, [[Soweto]]. In 1993 Gray, along with colleague James McIntyre, co-founded a perinatal HIV clinic. [[File:Fogarty-nih-50th-symposium-panel-ncds (28770784048).jpg|thumb|Glenda Gray (right) at the Fogarty NIH 50th symposium, 1 May 2018]] In 1996, Gray started the [[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]] PETRA study, in five urban settings in South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda, to determine the effectiveness of a shorter anti-retroviral regimen.{{R|unaids|TimeLine}} In 1999 she was awarded an International Fogarty Fellowship to study Clinical Epidemiology.{{R|TimeLine}} She was the executive director of the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU),{{R|PHRU|EDCTP}} part of the Medical School of the University of the Witwatersrand, based at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital prior to her appointment as president of the medical research council in 2014.{{R|Kullinan}} HIV was generally not recorded as a cause of death during the 1990s and 2000s but its effects could be seen in the infant and child mortality rates.{{R|Stats}} In early 2020, an efficacy study for an HIV vaccine led by Gray was stopped early. The study, involving 5407 HIV-uninfected participants, was started in 2016 and should have continued until 2022. However, preliminary data viewed in January 2020 to evaluate safety and efficacy showed 129 HIV infections in the vaccinated group and 123 in the placebo control group. Many HIV scientists did not believe the study would succeed, as a previous efficacy study in Thailand had shown an efficacy of only 31%. Gray believed that owing to the severity of the HIV epidemic in South Africa a new trial was worthwhile pursuing. The independent monitoring board that evaluated the interim results concluded that it was futile to continue with the study.{{R|Science2020}} == Other activities == * [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations]] (CEPI), Member of the Scientific Advisory Committee (since 2023)<ref>[https://cepi.net/news_cepi/new-experts-appointed-to-join-cepi-scientific-advisory-committee/ New experts appointed to join CEPI Scientific Advisory Committee] [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations]] (CEPI), press release of 6 November 2023.</ref> == Recognition and membership == Gray is a member of the [[Academy of Science of South Africa]], a foreign associate of the United States [[Institute of Medicine]], an A-rated [[National Research Foundation of South Africa]] scientist,{{R|NRF}} a co-principal investigator for the [[HIV Vaccine Trials Network]]{{R|HVTN}} and a fellow of the [[American Society for Microbiology#American Academy of Microbiology|American Academy of Microbiology]].{{R|Woodward|Eisen|ASMacademy}} In addition: * In 1997 Gray was awarded "Femina Woman of the 90's".{{R|TimeLine}} * Gray was profiled as one of the "Icons of the Century" in ''Longevity Magazine''{{'}}s Millennium Collectors issue.{{R|TimeLine}} * In 2001, ''Science'' magazine profiled Gray and her colleague, James McIntyre.{{R|TimeLine}} * Gray was presented with the 2002 Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights by [[Nelson Mandela]].{{R|KFF|EDCTP}} * In 2003, Gray was profiled in the book ''Inspirational Women at Work''.{{R|TimeLine|Kritzinger}} * In 2009 she was awarded the N’Galy – Mann lectureship in recognition of her HIV research contribution.{{R|wits}} * She holds an honorary doctorate from [[Simon Fraser University]] awarded in 2012.{{R|PubMed|SFU}} * In 2013, she was awarded the "Outstanding African Scientist Award" by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership.{{R|EDCTP}} * 2013 The [[Order of Mapungubwe#2013|Order of Mapungubwe: Silver]] * Gray was elected a member of the [[African Academy of Sciences]] in 2015.{{R|AAS}} * Gray was named one of [[Time 100|"The 100 Most Influential People"]] by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' in 2017.{{R|Time|NRF}} * In 2019 [[Rhodes University]] in [[Grahamstown]] awarded Gray an honorary doctorate in laws (LLD, hc).{{R|groc_Rhod}} * Gray was listed amongst "Africa's 50 Most Powerful Women" by ''[[Forbes|Forbes Africa]]'' in 2020.{{R|Forbes}} == Controversies == === Infant formula === Gray has not been a stranger to controversy. At her first research presentation in 1996 at an international AIDS conference, she championed the position that HIV positive women in developing countries should feed their babies [[infant formula]] rather than breast milk to avoid the transmission of HIV from mother to child. The prevailing opinion at that time was that the risk of infant death by [[Diarrhea|diarrheal diseases]], caused by mixing contaminated water with the infant formula, outweighed the chance of contracting HIV.{{R|Nestle}} Gray's research in the Soweto communities indicated that infant formula could be safely used,{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} but this put her in direct conflict with the activists who had led boycotts against [[Nestle]], because of their infant formula, since the 1970s.{{R|businessinsider}} Subsequent research on the topic demonstrated high deaths in formula fed compared to breastfed children of HIV-infected mothers.{{R|ENN|WHO2}} === AZT === The drug [[Zidovudine]] (also known as azidothymidine (AZT)) is an [[Management of HIV/AIDS|anti-retroviral drug]] that can be used to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child during childbirth. The course of the treatment was 14 weeks, and women in developing countries could not afford this. Despite criticism from an editorial of ''[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]'', Gray conducted a trial (replicating a study from Thailand) using a shorter course of treatment against a [[placebo]] which proved that the shorter course was effective.{{R|Engel|Fogarty|Mbali}} However, the South African government, under president [[Thabo Mbeki]] and health minister [[Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]], refused permission for the drug to be used, as it was considered too expensive. Gray was involved in the clandestine procurement of the drug and treatment of patients, in opposition to the government.{{R|Engel}} Gray was involved in starting the [[Treatment Action Campaign]] (TAC), along with [[Zackie Achmat]] and others, as an HIV/AIDS activist organisation.{{R|Engel}} Only after Gray received the 2002 Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights and the legal battles in 2003 involving the TAC, were [[nevirapine]], a drug more effective than AZT in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV,{{R|nevirapine}} and other anti-retrovirals officially sanctioned by the government for use in South Africa.{{R|SAJS}} By then, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma had been replaced as Minister of Health by [[Manto Tshabalala-Msimang]] and the argument against anti-retrovirals had changed from one of affordability to the endorsement of [[traditional African medicine]] over conventional treatment.{{R|Lewandowsky}} === COVID-19 === In 2020, Gray was appointed to the South African government's Medical Advisory Committee owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa]]. On 26 March 2020, the South African government imposed an almost total lockdown on all inhabitants. From 1 May 2020, the lockdown was gradually lifted under a five-stage plan. On 15 May 2020, Gray said, "Initially, there was good reason to implement the lockdown to slow down the spread of the virus and buy time to ready the health system, and this was largely achieved". She now felt that "the lockdown should be eradicated completely, and that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), such as handwashing, wearing masks, social distancing and prohibitions on gatherings, should be put in place."{{R|KarrimEvans}} In addition she noted that: * An increasing number of [[Malnutrition in South Africa|malnutrition]] cases were being seen in hospitals, including at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital. "We have not seen malnutrition for decades and so we are seeing it for the first time in the hospital", she said.{{R|KarrimEvans}} * The phasing out of the lockdown in a "month-to-month" fashion had no basis in science. Many lockdown regulations seemed to be "thumb-sucks", made up on the spot with little rationale behind them. She told the media:{{R|KarrimEvans}} {{quote box|This strategy is not based in science and is completely unmeasured. [It's] almost as if someone is sucking regulations out of their thumb and implementing rubbish, quite frankly. In the face of a young population, we refuse to let people out. We make them exercise for three hours a day and then complain that there's congestion in this time. We punish children and kick them out of school and we deny them education. For what? Where is the scientific evidence for that?}} Health minister [[Zweli Mkhize]] stated that Gray had "made factually incorrect and unfounded statements".{{R|Mkhize}} He pointed out that the government had appointed a research subcommittee to which Gray belongs to advise them. He said that the thumb-suck comment "undermines the joint work and effort that the National Coronavirus Command Council, Cabinet and government as a whole have been engaged in."{{R|Mkhize}} With regard to the comment on schooling he said: "The Department of Basic Education has been engaged in various consultations with its stakeholders on the correct approach to take in the process of opening schools."{{R|Mkhize}} Subsequent to Mkhize's comments, the acting director general of the Department of Health, Anban Pillay, said that an investigation into Gray's conduct was needed.{{R|Basson}} On 25 May 2020, the South African Medical Research Council apologized for Gray's statements and barred its staff from speaking to the media{{R|Herman}} while more than 250 academics issued statements of support for her.{{R|DM|Dasoo|Malala}} On the following day, 26 May 2020, Mkhize said that he "considers the Professor Glenda Gray matter closed", and he mentioned that "there is no basis to suggest any interference with academic freedom".{{R|Gerber}} == Selected publications == Gray has authored or co-authored more than 300 scientific articles, including:{{R|PubMed}} * {{cite journal | last1=MADHI | first1=SHABIR A. | last2=GRAY | first2=GLENDA E. | last3=HUEBNER | first3=ROBIN E. | last4=SHERMAN | first4=GAYLE | last5=MCKINNON | first5=DIANE | last6=PETTIFOR | first6=JOHN M. | author-link2=Glenda Gray| title=Correlation between CD4+ lymphocyte counts, concurrent antigen skin test and tuberculin skin test reactivity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and -uninfected children with tuberculosis | journal=The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal | publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) | volume=18 | issue=9 | year=1999 | issn=0891-3668 | doi=10.1097/00006454-199909000-00011 | pages=800–805| pmid=10493341 }} * {{cite journal | last1=Schramm | first1=Diana B. | last2=Kuhn | first2=Louise | last3=Gray | first3=Glenda E. | last4=Tiemessen | first4=Caroline T. | author-link3=Glenda Gray| title=In Vivo Effects of HIV-1 Exposure in the Presence and Absence of Single-Dose Nevirapine on Cellular Plasma Activation Markers of Infants Born to HIV-1-Seropositive Mothers | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-acquired-immune-deficiency-syndromes_2006-08-15_42_5/page/545 | journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes | publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) | volume=42 | issue=5 | year=2006 | issn=1525-4135 | doi=10.1097/01.qai.0000225009.30698.ce | pages=545–553| pmid=16837862 | pmc=2367220 }} * {{cite journal | last1=Mnyani | first1=Coceka N. | last2=Tait | first2=Carol L. | last3=Peters | first3=Remco P.H. | last4=Struthers | first4=Helen | last5=Violari | first5=Avy | last6=Gray | first6=Glenda | last7=Buchmann | first7=Eckhart J. | last8=Chersich | first8=Matthew F. | last9=McIntyre | first9=James A. | author-link6=Glenda Gray| title=Implementation of a PMTCT programme in a high HIV prevalence setting in Johannesburg, South Africa: 2002–2015 | journal=Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | publisher=AOSIS | volume=21 | issue=1 | date=23 March 2020 | page=1024 | issn=2078-6751 | pmid=32284888| doi=10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1024| pmc=7136691 | doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal | last1=Shen | first1=Xiaoying | last2=Laher | first2=Fatima | last3=Moodie | first3=Zoe | last4=McMillan | first4=Arthur S. | last5=Spreng | first5=Rachel L. | last6=Gilbert | first6=Peter B. | last7=Huang | first7=Ying | last8=Yates | first8=Nicole L. | last9=Grunenberg | first9=Nicole | last10=Juliana McElrath | first10=M. | last11=Allen | first11=Mary | last12=Pensiero | first12=Michael | last13=Mehra | first13=Vijay L. | last14=Der Meeren | first14=Olivier Van | last15=Barnett | first15=Susan W. | last16=Phogat | first16=Sanjay | last17=Gray | first17=Glenda E. | last18=Bekker | first18=Linda-Gail | last19=Corey | first19=Lawrence | last20=Tomaras | first20=Georgia D. | author-link17=Glenda Gray| title=HIV-1 Vaccine Sequences Impact V1V2 Antibody Responses: A Comparison of Two Poxvirus Prime gp120 Boost Vaccine Regimens | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=10 | issue=1 | date=7 February 2020 | page=2093 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-020-57491-z | pmid=32034163 |pmc=7005751| doi-access=free | bibcode=2020NatSR..10.2093S }} Gray has contributed to and been featured in several books including: * {{cite book | last=Mbali | first=M. | title=South African AIDS Activism and Global Health Politics | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK | series=Global Ethics | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-137-31216-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=khm-aaoSOGYC&pg=PA121}} * {{cite book | last1=Mayer | first1=K.H. | last2=Pizer | first2=H.F. | title=HIV Prevention: A Comprehensive Approach | publisher=Elsevier Science | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-08-092129-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JsK3SfCgB0C}} * {{cite book | last1=Oppenheimer | first1=Gerald M. | last2=Bayer | first2=Ronald | title=Shattered Dreams: An Oral History of the South African AIDS Epidemic | publisher=Oxford University Press, USA | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-19-530730-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gMSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA154}} * {{cite book | last1=Turok | first1=K. | last2=Orford | first2=M. | title=Life and Soul: Portraits of Women who Move South Africa | publisher=Double Storey | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-77013-043-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCAR_z6hHgUC&pg=PR50-IA4}} * {{cite book | last=Kritzinger | first=Lisel | title=Inspirational women at work : 52 personal and life experiences shared to empower, encourage, uplift and inspire | publisher=LAPA | publication-place=Pretoria | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-7993-3177-6 | oclc=54828454 | page=302}} ==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="AAS">{{cite web | title=The AAS | website=Gray Glenda Elisabeth | date=27 May 2020 | url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/gray-glenda-elisabeth | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527151359/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/gray-glenda-elisabeth | archive-date=27 May 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="ASMacademy">{{cite web| url=http://academy.asm.org/index.php/fellows-info/fellows-elected-in-2012/306-glenda-e-gray| title=Glenda E Gray| website=American Society for Microbiology| date=2012| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017100158/http://academy.asm.org/index.php/fellows-info/fellows-elected-in-2012/306-glenda-e-gray| archive-date=17 October 2014| accessdate=26 May 2020 }}</ref> <ref name="Bara">{{cite web | last=Bowie | first=Shaun | title=Top 10 largest hospitals in the world - Healthcare News, Magazine and Website | website=Healthcare Global | date=15 June 2018 | url=https://www.healthcareglobal.com/top10/top-10-largest-hospitals-world | access-date=26 May 2020 | archive-date=23 July 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723222828/https://www.healthcareglobal.com/top10/top-10-largest-hospitals-world | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Basson">{{cite news | title=Adriaan Basson: The truth behind ''That'' interview with Prof Glenda Gray | work=News24 | date=24 May 2020 | url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/AdriaanBasson/adriaan-basson-the-truth-behind-that-interview-with-prof-glenda-gray-20200523 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527182819/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/AdriaanBasson/adriaan-basson-the-truth-behind-that-interview-with-prof-glenda-gray-20200523?isapp=true | archive-date=27 May 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="businessinsider">{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/nestles-infant-formula-scandal-2012-6#the-bad-publicity-sparked-a-global-boycott-of-nestl-11|title=Every Parent Should Know The Scandalous History of Infant Formula|last=Krasny|first=Jill|date=25 June 2012|work=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Dasoo">{{cite news | last=Dasoo | first=Aslam | title=OPINION - Glenda Gray should be defended and her accusers should be in the dock | work=City Press|location=South Africa | date=23 May 2020 | url=https://city-press.news24.com/Voices/opinion-glenda-gray-should-be-defended-and-her-accusers-should-be-in-the-dock-20200523 | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="DM">{{cite news |last1=Staff Reporter |title=250 senior academics issue statement to support Prof Glenda Gray and 'the Principle of Academic Freedom' |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-05-25-250-senior-academics-issue-statement-to-support-prof-glenda-gray-and-the-principle-of-academic-freedom/ |accessdate=27 May 2020 |work=Daily Maverick|location=South Africa |date=25 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Dugmore">{{cite web| last=Dugmore| first=Heather| url=http://www.wits.ac.za/alumni/alumni%20news%20items/alumni201201/14875/news_item_14875.html| title=Anatomy of Glenda Gray and the war against HIV| url-status=dead| website=wits.ac.za| publisher=University of the Witwatersrand| date=17 January 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108081351/http://www.wits.ac.za/alumni/alumni%20news%20items/alumni201201/14875/news_item_14875.html| archive-date=8 November 2014| accessdate=26 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="EDCTP">{{cite web | title=Dr Glenda Gray and Dr Graeme Meintjes receive the 2013 EDCTP Awards for scientific excellence | website=EDCTP | date=2 December 2017 | url=http://www.edctp.org/prizes/dr-glenda-gray-dr-graeme-meintjes-receive-2013-edctp-awards-scientific-excellence/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202124924/http://www.edctp.org/prizes/dr-glenda-gray-dr-graeme-meintjes-receive-2013-edctp-awards-scientific-excellence/ | archive-date=2 December 2017 | url-status=live | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Eisen">{{cite web | title=Full list of 2012 American Academy of Microbiology Fellows Announced | website=Jonathan Eisen's Lab | date=1 March 2012 | url=https://phylogenomics.me/2012/03/01/full-list-of-2012-american-academy-of-microbiology-fellows-announced/ | access-date=26 May 2020| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200526145936/https://phylogenomics.me/2012/03/01/full-list-of-2012-american-academy-of-microbiology-fellows-announced/| archive-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Engel">{{cite web | last=Engel | first=Mary | title=Glenda Gray: The HIV warrior | website=Fred Hutch | date=12 November 2014 | url=https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2014/11/glenda-gray-the-hiv-vaccine-warrior.html | access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="ENN">{{Cite journal|last=Network (ENN)|first=Emergency Nutrition|date=12 January 2006|title=Infant feeding strategies and PMTCT - Mashi trial from Botswana|url=http://www.ennonline.net/fex/29/pmtct|journal=Field Exchange 29|language=en|pages=25}}</ref> <ref name="Fogarty">{{cite web | title=Preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission in South Africa: Q and A with Dr Glenda Gray | website=Fogarty International Center | date=18 May 2020 | url=https://www.fic.nih.gov/News/GlobalHealthMatters/november-december-2018/Pages/glenda-gray-hiv-aids-south-africa.aspx | access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Forbes">{{cite web | title=Africa's 50 Most Powerful Women | website=Forbes Africa | date=6 March 2020 | url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/cover-story/2020/03/06/africas-50-most-powerful-women/ | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Gerber">{{cite web | last=Gerber| first=Jan| title=Mkhize on Glenda Gray matter: 'Let's leave the issue at that' | work=News24 | date=26 May 2020 | url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/mkhize-on-glenda-gray-matter-lets-leave-the-issue-at-that-20200526 | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="groc_Rhod">{{Cite web |title=Rhodes University honours five of Africa's best |work=grocotts.co.za |date=7 March 2019 |access-date=26 May 2020 |url= https://www.grocotts.co.za/2019/03/07/rhodes-university-honours-five-of-africas-best/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307142912/https://www.grocotts.co.za/2019/03/07/rhodes-university-honours-five-of-africas-best/| archive-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Herman">{{cite news | last=Herman| first=Paul| title=SAMRC board apologises for Prof Gray's comments, bars staff from speaking to media | work=News24 | date=25 May 2020 | url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/breaking-samrc-board-apologises-for-glenda-grays-comments-bars-staff-from-speaking-to-media-20200525 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527183254/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/breaking-samrc-board-apologises-for-glenda-grays-comments-bars-staff-from-speaking-to-media-20200525 | archive-date=27 May 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="HVTN">{{cite web | title=Glenda Gray, MBBCH, FCPaed (SA) | website=HIV Vaccine Trials Network | date=13 October 2014 | url=http://www.hvtn.org/en/about/hvtn-leadership/gray-glenda.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013042421/http://www.hvtn.org/en/about/hvtn-leadership/gray-glenda.html | archive-date=13 October 2014 | url-status=live | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="KarrimEvans">{{cite news | last1=Karrim| first1=Azarrah| last2=Evans| first2=Sarah| title=EXCLUSIVE - Unscientific and nonsensical: Top scientist slams government's lockdown strategy | work=News24 | date=16 May 2020 | url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/unscientific-and-nonsensical-top-scientific-adviser-slams-governments-lockdown-strategy-20200516 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516061321/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/unscientific-and-nonsensical-top-scientific-adviser-slams-governments-lockdown-strategy-20200516 | archive-date=16 May 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="KFF">{{cite web| title=Nelson Mandela Presents 2002 Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights| website=KFF.ORG| date=30 December 1979| publisher=Kaiser Family Foundation| url=https://www.kff.org/other/nelson-mandela-presents-2002-mandela-award-for/| access-date=26 May 2020| archive-date=29 July 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729182111/http://kff.org/other/nelson-mandela-presents-2002-mandela-award-for/| dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref name="Kritzinger">{{cite book | last=Kritzinger | first=Lisel | title=Inspirational women at work : 52 personal and life experiences shared to empower, encourage, uplift and inspire | publisher=LAPA | publication-place=Pretoria | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-7993-3177-6 | oclc=54828454 | page=302}}</ref> <ref name="Kullinan">{{cite web |last1=Kullinan |first1=Kerry |title=MRC announces first woman president |url=http://www.health-e.org.za/2014/03/18/mrc-announces-first-woman-president/ |website=health-e.org.za |publisher=The South African Health News Service |accessdate=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021114217/http://www.health-e.org.za/2014/03/18/mrc-announces-first-woman-president/ |archive-date=21 October 2015 |date=18 March 2014}}</ref> <ref name="Lewandowsky">{{cite web | last1=Lewandowsky| first1=S. | last2=Mann | first2=M.E| last3=Bauld| first3=L.| last4=Hastings| first4=G.| last5=Loftus| first5=E.F.| title=The Subterranean War on Science | website=Association for Psychological Science | date=20 December 2016 | url=http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/the-subterranean-war-on-science#.WFmPj56eRTY | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220200730/http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/the-subterranean-war-on-science#.WFmPj56eRTY | archive-date=20 December 2016 | url-status=dead | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Malala">{{cite news | last=Malala | first=Justice | title=Beware, SA: bid to eject Prof Gray is a witch-hunt | work=[[TimesLIVE]] | date=25 May 2020 | url=https://select.timeslive.co.za/ideas/2020-05-25-be-warned-sa-the-bid-to-eject-prof-gray-is-a-stalinist-witch-hunt/ | access-date=27 May 2020 | archive-date=12 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612190537/https://select.timeslive.co.za/ideas/2020-05-25-be-warned-sa-the-bid-to-eject-prof-gray-is-a-stalinist-witch-hunt/ | url-status=dead | archivedate=12 June 2020 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612190537/https://select.timeslive.co.za/ideas/2020-05-25-be-warned-sa-the-bid-to-eject-prof-gray-is-a-stalinist-witch-hunt/ | deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref name="Mapungubwe">{{cite web | title=National Orders Booklet 2013 | website=The Presidency | date=10 May 2019 | url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2013 | archive-date=10 May 2019 | url-status=live | access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Mbali">{{cite book | last=Mbali | first=M. | title=South African AIDS Activism and Global Health Politics | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK | series=Global Ethics | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-137-31216-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=khm-aaoSOGYC&pg=PA121 | access-date=27 May 2020 | page=121}}</ref> <ref name="Mkhize">{{cite news | last=Mkhize| first=Zwelini| title=READ IN FULL - Zweli Mkhize's statement on Prof Glenda Gray's criticism of lockdown regulations | work=News24 | date=21 May 2020 | url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/read-in-full-zweli-mkhizes-statement-on-prof-glenda-grays-criticism-of-lockdown-regulations-20200521 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527181529/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/read-in-full-zweli-mkhizes-statement-on-prof-glenda-grays-criticism-of-lockdown-regulations-20200521 | archive-date=27 May 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Nestle">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/191491849/|title=Baby formulas linked to infant deaths overseas|date=9 September 1978|work=[[Minneapolis Star]]|access-date=26 May 2020|others=INFACT Clearinghouse|url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref name="nevirapine">{{cite journal | last1=Lallemant | first1=Marc | last2=Jourdain | first2=Gonzague | last3=Le Coeur | first3=Sophie | last4=Mary | first4=Jean Yves | last5=Ngo-Giang-Huong | first5=Nicole | last6=Koetsawang | first6=Suporn | last7=Kanshana | first7=Siripon | last8=McIntosh | first8=Kenneth | last9=Thaineua | first9=Vallop | title=Single-Dose Perinatal Nevirapine plus Standard Zidovudine to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand | journal=The New England Journal of Medicine | volume=351 | issue=3 | date=18 June 2006 | pages=217–228 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa033500 | pmid=15247338 | doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="NRF">{{cite web | title=NRF A-Rated Researcher Among Time 100 Most Influential People - National Research Foundation | website=nrf.ac.za | date=16 August 2017 | url=http://www.nrf.ac.za/media-room/news/nrf-rated-researcher-among-time-100-most-influential-people | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816185507/http://www.nrf.ac.za/media-room/news/nrf-rated-researcher-among-time-100-most-influential-people | archive-date=16 August 2017 | url-status=dead | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="PHRU">{{cite web| url=http://www.phru.co.za/researchers/66-gray| title=GLENDA GRAY, MBBCH, FCPAED (SA) Executive Director| website=phru.co.za| publisher=Perinatal HIV Research Unit| url-status=dead| date=2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516104253/http://www.phru.co.za/researchers/66-gray| archive-date=16 May 2012}}</ref> <ref name="PubMed">{{cite web | title=Gray Glenda - Search Results | website=PubMed | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gray+Glenda%5BAuthor%5D | access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="SAJS">{{cite journal |last1=Butler-Adams |first1=John |title=Mother-to-child transmission of HIV and South Africa's 'HIV warrior' |journal=South African Journal of Science |date=July 2017 |volume=113 |issue=7 |url=https://www.sajs.co.za/article/view/3977/5698 |accessdate=26 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="SAMRC">{{cite web |title=Our President: Professor Glenda E. Gray |url=http://www.samrc.ac.za/about/president.htm |website=SAMRC |publisher=South African Medical Research Council |accessdate=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130112242/http://www.samrc.ac.za:80/about/president.htm |archive-date=30 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Science2020">{{cite web | title=Another HIV vaccine strategy fails in large-scale study | website=Science | date=3 February 2020 | url=https://www.science.org/content/article/another-hiv-vaccine-strategy-fails-large-scale-study | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="SFU">{{cite web| title=SFU congratulates Dr. Glenda Gray| url=https://www.sfu.ca/sfunews/stories/2014/sfu-congratulates-dr-glenda-gray.html| publisher=Simon Fraser University, Vancouver| date=20 March 2014| url-status=dead| accessdate=26 May 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114430/http://www.sfu.ca/sfunews/stories/2014/sfu-congratulates-dr-glenda-gray.html| archive-date=26 August 2014}}<sup>[login required]</sup></ref> <ref name="Stats">{{cite book |last1=Nannan |first1=N |last2=Dorrington |first2=R |last3=Laubscher |first3=R |last4=Zinyakatira |first4=N |last5=Prinsloo |first5=M |last6=Darikwa |first6=T |last7=Matzopulos |first7=R |last8=Bradshaw |first8=D |title=Under-5 Mortality Statistics in South Africa: Shedding some light on the trend and causes 1997-2007 |url=https://www.samrc.ac.za/sites/default/files/files/2017-05-26/MortalityStatisticsSA.pdf |website=samrc.ac.za |publisher=Burden of Disease Research Unit (South African Medical Research Council) |accessdate=26 May 2020 |date=April 2012| isbn=978-1-920014-85-8| quote=Interestingly, HIV/AIDS mortality is not particularly apparent in the neonatal period, but there is a definite 'AIDS signature' (a peak between months 2 and 4), which develops over the course of the epidemic.}}</ref> <ref name="Time">{{cite magazine |last1=O'Connor |first1=Siobhan |title=Glenda Gray |url=https://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742691/glenda-gray/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103013836/https://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742691/glenda-gray/ |archive-date=3 January 2020 |date=2017 |archivedate=3 January 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103013836/https://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742691/glenda-gray/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref name="TimeLine">{{cite web |title=A Career Dedicated to HIV Research |url=http://www.mrc.ac.za/Media/2017/TimelineGlenda.pdf |website=mrc.co.za |publisher=South African Medical Research Council |accessdate=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711001008/http://www.mrc.ac.za/Media/2017/TimelineGlenda.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2017 |date=2017}}</ref> <ref name="unaids">{{cite web | title=Mother-To-Child Transmission (MTCT) OF HIV | website=data.unaids.org | date=5 August 1999 | url=http://data.unaids.org/publications/irc-pub04/qaweb99_en.html | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="WHO2">{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} HIV and infant feeding|url=https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/nutrition/hivif/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727152443/http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/nutrition/hivif/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 July 2014|website=WHO|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="wits">{{cite web | author=The University of the Witwatersrand | title=Past student profiles | website=Wits University | date=2019 | url=https://www.wits.ac.za/clinicalmed/departments/paediatrics/division-of-community-paediatrics-/postgraduate-programmes/msc-in-child-health/past-student-profiles/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527173249/https://www.wits.ac.za/clinicalmed/departments/paediatrics/division-of-community-paediatrics-/postgraduate-programmes/msc-in-child-health/past-student-profiles/ | archive-date=27 May 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Woodward">{{cite web | last=Woodward| first=Kristen| title=Glenda Gray appointed new president of South African Medical Research Council | website=Fred Hutch | date=20 March 2014 | url=https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/releases/2014/03/glenda-gray-appointed-new-president-of-south-african-medical-research-council.html | access-date=26 May 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022091119/http://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/releases/2014/03/glenda-gray-appointed-new-president-of-south-african-medical-research-council.html| archive-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> }} ==External links== * {{ResearchGate |Glenda_Gray2}} *https://www.wits.ac.za/staff/academic-a-z-listing/g/glendagraywitsacza/ {{s-start}} {{s-edu}} {{s-bef | before = [[Salim Abdool Karim]] }} {{s-ttl | title = President of the South African Medical Research Council | years = 2014 – 2024 }} {{s-aft | after = [[Ntobeko Ntusi]] }} {{s-end}} {{Order of Mapungubwe}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gray, Glenda}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:South African microbiologists]] [[Category:Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Women pediatricians]] [[Category:University of the Witwatersrand alumni]] [[Category:Academic staff of the University of the Witwatersrand]] [[Category:1962 births]] [[Category:South African paediatricians]] [[Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine]] qacklgr3lbmdy86u5bv0jznzsdf4ka3 Grace Soyinka 0 77995 632034 605029 2026-08-19T16:01:16Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Grace Soyinka.jpg|thumb|Grace Eniola Soyinka]]{{Infobox person|alt=|awards=|nationality=Nigerian|caption=|relatives=[[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] (aunt-in-law)|name=Grace Soyinka|occupation=Olùtajà<br>Ajàfẹtọ ọmọ obìnrin|birth_place=|birth_date=1908|death_place=|death_date=1983 (aged 75)|birth_name=Grace Eniola Jenkins-Harrison|spouse=Samuel Ayodele Soyinka|children=7, including [[Wole Soyinka]]|imagesize=|image=Portrait_photo_of_Grace_Eniola_Soyinka.png}} '''Grace Eniola Soyinka''' (ọmọ Jenkins-Harrison; 1908–1983 <ref name="Gibbs 1988">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Soyinka#cite_ref-Gibbs_1988_1-2</ref> ) jẹ olùtajà ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà kan, ajàfẹ́tọ-ọmọnìyàn, ati ọmọ ìdílé abiyì ùn Ransome-Kuti . <ref name="fargion">https://web.archive.org/web/20230405140621/https://www.bl.uk/west-africa/articles/the-ransome-kuti-dynasty</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190702041011/https://www.calitown.com/six-things-you-didnt-know-about-wole-soyinka/</ref> O da [[Àwọn Obìnrin Akọ̀yà ìlú Abẹ́òkúta|ẹgbẹ́ àwọn obìnrin Abeokuta]] sílẹ̀ pẹlú [[Fúnmiláyọ̀ Ransome-Kútì|Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], ẹ̀gbọ́n ọkọ rẹ̀. <ref name="fargion">{{Cite web|archivedate=2023-04-05}}</ref> Wọn fi ẹ̀hónú han lati lòdì si owo-ori ti Alake ti [[Abẹ́òkúta|Abeokuta]] gbe kalẹ, ìjọba tí awọn aláṣẹ amunisin ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn wọn. Wọn dá owo-ori dúró, ti Alake si padà sálọ níkẹyìn. <ref name="achievement">https://web.archive.org/web/20131220164715/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/soy0bio-1</ref> Ẹgbẹ naa, eyiti o ni ọmọ ẹgbẹ to awọn obìnrin to to ẹgbẹ̀run lọnà ogún 20,000, ti àjọ náà padà ri idagbasoke níkẹyìn tòdi ajọ ti orilẹ-ede ti Ẹgbẹ Awọn Obirin Naijiria. <ref name="fargion" /> O dàgbà ni ìdílé bàbá bàbá rẹ, alufaa ati olupilẹṣẹ orin [[Josiah Ransome-Kuti]] . Iya rẹ, àkọ́bí lóbìnrin Ransome-Kuti, Anne Lape Iyabode Ransome-Kuti, fẹ Ọgbẹni Jenkins-Harrison. Láti kékeré ni wọn ti rán Grace Eniola lati ma gbe pẹlu awọn obi bàbá rẹ, awọn ẹgbọn bàbá rẹ l'ọkunrin ati l'obinrin, àti gbogbo àwọn ti o sunmọ. Wọn máa ná sipè gẹ́gẹ́bí Ọmọbinrin Ransome-Kuti. <ref name="Gibbs 1988">{{Cite journal|title=Biography into Autobiography: Wole Soyinka and the Relatives Who Inhabit 'Ake'}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGibbs1988">Gibbs, James (1988). "Biography into Autobiography: Wole Soyinka and the Relatives Who Inhabit 'Ake'". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''26''' (3): <span class="nowrap">517–</span>548. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0022278X00011757|10.1017/S0022278X00011757]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/160896 160896].</cite></ref> Ó fẹ́ Samuel Ayodele Soyinka, iranṣẹ [[Ìṣeìjọánglíkánì|Anglican]] kan. <ref>https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2912075/samuel-ayodele-soyinka-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people</ref> ọmọ ìkejì nínú àwọn ọmọ wọn méje <ref name="Gibbs 1988" /> ni [[Wọlé Sóyinká|Wole Soyinka]], òǹkọ̀wé àti ẹni tó gba [[Ẹ̀bùn Nobel nínú Lítíréṣọ̀|Ẹ̀bùn Nobel ní lítíréṣọ̀ ní]] ọdún 1986. Wole Soyinka funni ni iroyin nipa igbesi aye awọn obi rẹ ati ìjà fẹtọ iya rẹ ninu iwe iranti rẹ ni ọdún 1981 ''Aké: Awọn Ọdun ti Ọmọ'' . <ref name="fargion">{{Cite web|archivedate=2023-04-05}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFargion2016">Fargion, Janet Topp (12 January 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230405140621/https://www.bl.uk/west-africa/articles/the-ransome-kuti-dynasty "The Ransome-Kuti Dynasty"]. ''The British Library''. Archived from [https://www.bl.uk/west-africa/articles/the-ransome-kuti-dynasty the original] on 2023-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ninu rẹ, o pe Grace ni “Kristiẹni to gbóná”, ni itọka si Anglicanism olufọkansin rẹ. <ref name="achievement">{{Cite web|location=Washington D.C.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131220164715/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/soy0bio-1 "Wole Soyinka"]. ''Academy of Achievement''. Washington D.C. Archived from [http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/soy0bio-1 the original] on 20 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Ó kú ni ọdún 1983, ni ẹni ọdun márùdinlọgọrin. <ref name="Gibbs 1988">{{Cite journal|last=Gibbs|first=James|date=1988|title=Biography into Autobiography: Wole Soyinka and the Relatives Who Inhabit 'Ake'|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1988-09_26_3/page/517|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=26|issue=3|pages=517–548|jstor=160896|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00011757}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGibbs1988">Gibbs, James (1988). "Biography into Autobiography: Wole Soyinka and the Relatives Who Inhabit 'Ake'". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''26''' (3): <span class="nowrap">517–</span>548. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0022278X00011757|10.1017/S0022278X00011757]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/160896 160896].</cite></ref> == Kika Siwaju == * {{Cite journal|last=Johnson-Odim|first=Cheryl|date=January–February 2009|title='For their freedoms': The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_womens-studies-international-forum_january-february-2009_32_1/page/51|journal=Women's Studies International Forum|volume=32|issue=1|pages=51–59|doi=10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004|issn=0277-5395}} == Awọn itọkasi == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1983]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1908]] f7g730b12423xho1bmbn0mr5m6l67af Ogunpa river 0 78746 632124 626990 2026-08-19T18:24:25Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632124 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Odo Ogunpa== [[File:Ogunpa River 01.jpg|alt=Ogunpa river|thumb|Àwòrán odò ògúnpá]] Odo Ogunpa je odo sisan ti gigun saneli re je ookanlelogun kilomita ati wipe o to Eerinlelaadorin kilomita ti apopo awon omi ori ile un san sinu re, eyi jasi wipe gbogbo omi ori ile apa ila-oorun ilu Ibadan ni Orile-de Naijiria un san sinu re. Ilu Ibadan ti o wa ni guusu iwo-oorun Naijiria je ilu ti o tobi julo ni Afrika ti o wa ni apa guusu ti Sahara. Odo Ogunpa yi ni a mon pe orisirisi zooplankton ti o to Ookandinlaadota wa ninu re.<ref>{{cite web|title=River Ogunpa stream, Oyo, Nigeria|website=Nigeria|url=https://ng.geoview.info/river_ogunpa,2327556|access-date=2025-10-26}}</ref> ==Ilera Gbogbogbo== Orisirisi idoti ati egbin ni awon eniyan ma un dasi inu odo yi, eyi si ma un fa isele ijamba buruku. Ni odun 1960, ile ti o ju egberun lo ni o sofo nigbati odo Ogunpa san koja eti re. Siwaju si, ile ti o ju ẹ̀ẹ́dẹ́gbẹ̀ta lo ni o sofo ni odun 1963 nigbati odo nan ya wo in ilu. Ni Odun 1978, igbasile fi idi re mule wipe oku ti o to Eejilelogbon ni a se awari re ati ile ti o ju Ogorun lo lo sofo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abati|first=Reuben|title=The floods this time|website=TheCable|date=2022-10-11|url=https://www.thecable.ng/the-floods-this-time/|access-date=2025-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Areola|first1=O.|last2=Akintola|first2=F.O.|title=Managing the urban environment in a developing country: The Ogunpa river channelization scheme in Ibadan City, Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environment-international_1980_3/page/n250|journal=Environment International|publisher=Elsevier BV|volume=3|issue=3|year=1980|issn=0160-4120|doi=10.1016/0160-4120(80)90124-5|pages=237–241}}</ref> ==Isele Ajalu== Isele omiyale ti o sele ni ojo kookanlelogbon osu ogun, odun 1980 ni o je ki odo Ogunpa je gbajugbada kaakakiri agbaye. Leyin bi wakati mewa ti ojo ti un ro, eyi ti o po ni iwon igba merin ju ti ateyin wa lo, koda o ju ti omiyale odun 1978 lo ti o fi ilu Ibadan sinu opo ofo ati adanu. Opo eniyan ni o se alaisi ni odun nan, o si so àádọ́ta ọ̀kẹ́ eniyan di alaini-ile.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Oguntala|first1=Akin B.|last2=Oguntoyinbo|first2=J.S.|title=Urban flooding in Ibadan: A diagnosis of the problem|url=https://archive.org/details/urban-ecology_1982-09_7_1/page/39|journal=Urban Ecology|publisher=Elsevier BV|volume=7|issue=1|year=1982|issn=0304-4009|doi=10.1016/0304-4009(82)90004-3|pages=39–46}}</ref> ==Idoti== Ilu Ibadan je ilu kan gbogi ni agbaye ti egbin je ewu si awujo ati ilera gbogbogbo. Ilu Ibadan ma un seda opolopo idoti lataari opolopo olugbe ti o ju Mílíọ́ọ̀nù meta lo ti oun gbe ni ilu nan. Aini eto isakoso fun awon idoti yi ti je ki dida idoti ni ona ti ko to ma gberu si, bee si ni awon ona ti omi un gba koja ti di kikida idoti, eyi si un fa titànkálẹ̀ arun. Apeere kan gbogi je odo Ogunpa ti orisirisi egbin bi ike, igo ati awon ohun kan ti ko le jera wa ninu re. Odo Ogunpa ti o je okan gbogbi lara awon omi ti o wulo fun agbegbe ti o wa ti di egbin latari idoti ti awon eniyan un da sinu re. Opolopo awon eniyan lo si ti ko awon arun inun omi bi kolera, typhoid ati igbe gburu<ref>{{cite web|last=Adesina|first=Tunmise|title=Ibadan, city clean initiative and Environment Day 2023|website=Tribune Online|date=2023-06-05|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ibadan-city-clean-initiative-and-environment-day-2023/|access-date=2025-10-31}}</ref>. ==Ise Fife Ona Odo Ogunpa== Ni Odun 1999, ijoba Naijiria dawole ise lila ona odo Ogunpa. Opolopo ijakule ni won ti un ba pade lati odun 1977 gege bi ijoba ipinle Oyo se filele. Owo ti o to billionu mewa naira ni won ya soto fun ise nan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ogunpa River Archives|website=Channels Television|date=1992-07-01|url=https://www.channelstv.com/tag/ogunpa-river/|access-date=2025-10-31}}</ref> Biotilejepe o ye ki ise nan ki o pari ninu osu erele, odun 2003, ara awon agbase se ti won gba fun ise nan fi ise nan sile lai pari. ==Awon Itokasi== 1pq8jc6w846uze9renb9o4hznx2w7tm Ifẹ 0 78767 632053 620913 2026-08-19T16:31:23Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|City in Osun State, Nigeria}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Ilé-Ifẹ̀ | other_name = Ifẹ̀ Oòyè | settlement_type = City | settlement = | image_skyline = ile Ife aerial scape.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Àwòrán apá kan Ilé-Ifẹ̀, ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, láti òkè lójú ẹyẹ. | image_flag = | shield_size = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_base_alt = | dot_map_alt = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Osun State|Osun]] | coordinates = {{coord|7|29|00|N|4|33|33|E|region:NG_type:city(372161)|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | seat = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Ooni of Ife|Ọọni]] | leader_name = [[Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi|Ojaja II]] | leader_title1 = LGA Chairman, Ife Central | leader_name1 = Oladosu Olubisi | leader_title2 = LGA Chairman, Ife North | leader_name2 = Lanre Ogunyimika | leader_title3 = LGA Chairman, Ife South | leader_name3 = Johnson Fayemi | leader_title4 = LGA Chairman, Ife East | leader_name4 = Tajudeen Lawal | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1,791 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_dunam = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA : 2006 Population Census |access-date=25 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2012 }}</ref> | population_total = 509,035 | population_as_of = 2006 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] | blank_name_sec1 = National language | blank_info_sec1 = [[Yoruba language|Yorùbá]] | website = | footnotes = }} {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Ifẹ̀ |pop = ~ '''755,260''' |popplace = '''[[Osun State]]''' '''–''' '''755,260''' (2011) <br />{{·}}Ife Central: 196,220<br />{{·}}Ife East: 221,340 <br />{{·}}Ife South: 157,830 <br />{{·}}Ife North: 179,870 }} '''Ifẹ̀''' ([[Yoruba ]]:Ifẹ̀, ''Ilé-Ifẹ̀'') Ó jẹ́ ohun àtijọ́ [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] ìlú ní ìwọ̀-õ̀rùn Gúúsù [[Nigeria]] tí a dá sílẹ̀ láàrin ọdún 1000 BC sí 500 BC. <ref>{{cite book |last1=King |first1=Charles Spencer |title=Nature's Ancient Religion: Orisha Worship and Ifa |date=16 October 2008 |publisher=Charles Spencer King |isbn=978-1-4404-1733-7 |page=52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Irko0rbbuAC&dq=Ile+ife+500+BC&pg=PA52 |access-date=8 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} The Story of Africa |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page86.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chukwumerije |first1=Dike-Ogu Egwuatu |last2=Chukwumerije |first2=Dike-Ogu |title=The Revolution Has No Tribe: Contemporary Poetry on African History, Culture and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CExVlT0bpUC&dq=Ile+ife+500+BC&pg=PA124 |publisher=Dikeogu Chukwumerije |access-date=8 September 2024 |language=en |date=2008|isbn=978-0-9557940-1-8 }}</ref> Nígbà tí ó di ọdún 900 AD, ìlú náà ti di ọjà ńlá kan ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, tó ń ṣe oríṣi iṣẹ́-ọnà tó gbámúṣé.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ranger |first1=Terence O. |last2=Ranger |first2=T. O. |last3=Kimambo |first3=Isaria N. |title=The Historical Study of African Religion |date=1976 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-03179-1 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPcGrcVAlowC&dq=Ile+ife+500+BC&pg=PA38 |access-date=8 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Ìlú náà wà ní ìpínlẹ̀ báyìí [[Osun State]]. Ìfẹ̀ wà ní nǹkan bíi ẹ̀ẹ́dẹgbàá méjì-dínlógún kìlómítà sí apá ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá [[Lagos]]<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/392634.stm World: Africa Arrests after Nigerian cult killings]". [[BBC News]]. Monday July 12, 1999, Retrieved on October 31, 2011.</ref> pẹ̀lú iye ènìyàn tó ju 500,000 lọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun nígbà ìkànìyàn ọdún 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-04-27 |title=Ile-Ife, the city of culture |url=https://guardian.ng/features/ile-ife-the-city-of-culture/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Short oral history of Ile Ife in Ile-Ife language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|250px|Ìfihàn ìtẹ̀síwájú kékeré nípa Ìfẹ̀ ní èdè àgbohùn Ùfẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ará ibẹ̀ gidi. ]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà ìsìn Yorùbá, a dá Ilé-Ifẹ̀ sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àṣẹ [[Olodumare|Olódùmarè]] Nípasẹ̀ [[Obatala]]. Ó wá di èyí tí ó bọ́ sí ọwọ́ arakùnrin rẹ̀, [[Odùduwà]] , èyí sì dá ìjà sílẹ̀ láàrin àwọn méjèèjì.<ref name="Bascom, p. 10">Bascom, ''Yoruba'', p. 10; Stride, Ifeka: "Peoples and Empires", p. 290.</ref> [[Oduduwa]] ó dá ìran ọba sílẹ̀ níbẹ̀, àwọn ọmọ ọkùnrin àti ọmọbìnrin ìran ọba náà sì di olórí fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjọba mìíràn nílẹ̀ Yorùba <ref name="ReferenceA">Akinjogbin, I. A. (Hg.): ''The Cradle of a Race: Ife from the Beginning to 1980'', Lagos 1992 (The book also has chapters on the present religious situation in the town).</ref> Ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ọmọ ọmọ Odùduwà, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Orìṣà kẹ́rin-dín-lẹ́ẹ̀dẹ́gbàá (401k), ni Ọọ̀ni ìfẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́. Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi Ọjájá kejì, tí ó jẹ́ akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ nípa ìmọ̀ ìṣirò owó láti orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ni olórí ìlú náà láti ọdún 2015.<ref name="auto">Olupona, ''201 Gods'', 94.</ref> Ìlú tí wọ́n pe ní ìlú àwọn òrìṣà 401, Ifẹ̀ jẹ́ ibùgbé fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ olùfọkànsìn àwọn òrìṣà wọ̀nyí, ó sì tún jẹ́ ibi tí wọ́n ti máa ń ṣe àjọyọ̀ wọn nígbà gbogbo nípasẹ̀ àwọn àjọ̀dún.<ref name="blier1">{{cite journal |last=Blier |first=Suzanne Preston |title= Art in Ancient Ife Birthplace of the Yoruba |url=http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/blier/files/blier.pdf |journal= African Arts |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=70–85 |year=2012 |access-date= April 7, 2015|doi=10.1162/AFAR_a_00029 |s2cid=18837520 }}</ref> Ilé-Ifẹ̀ jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ káàkiri àgbáyé fún àwọn ère idẹ, òkúta, àti amọ̀ atijọ́, tó jọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ènìyàn, tí wọ́n ṣe láàrin ọdún 1200 sí 1400 CE.<ref name="blier1"/> ==ìtàn== {{Main|Akòkójọ ìtàn àwọn Yorùbá}} {{Main|Oke Ora}} {{Further|Ìjọba Ìfẹ̀}} ===Orísun Ifẹ̀: Ìṣẹ̀dá ayé === [[File:Yoruba-bronze-head.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Yoruba culture|Yoruba]] Ìbòjú idẹ fún Ọba Ọbalùfọ̀n, láti Ifẹ̀, Nàìjíríà, nǹkan bí ọdún 1300 CE]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìsìn [[Yorùbá]] , [[Olódùmarè]] , Ọlọ́run Títóbi Jùlọ, pàṣẹ fún Obàtálá láti dá ayé, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tó ń lọ, ó mu ọpọlọpọ ọtí àgùnmu títí ó fi mú ọtí yọ. Nítorí náà, Òrìṣà kan tó jẹ́ ọmọ ìgbà kan náà pẹ̀lú rẹ̀, [[Odùduwà]] , gba àwọn ohun èlò ìṣẹ̀dá lọ́wọ́ rẹ̀, ó sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti ibùgbé àwọn Òrìṣà nípa lílo ẹ̀wọ̀n, ó sì da àtẹ̀pẹ́ ilẹ̀ díẹ̀ sí orí òkun àìjẹ́bí. Ilẹ̀ náà ga sókè ó sì di òkìtì kan tí a ń pè ní Òkè Ọ̀rà.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bazylinska |first1=Karolina |last2=University |first2=Cleveland State |title=Afewonro Park – The Heart of Creation |url=https://access.thebrightcontinent.org/items/show/17 |website=Bright Continent |access-date=5 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, ó fi akukọ ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ márùn-ún kan sí orí òkìtì ilẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ yẹn kí ó lè fọn ilẹ̀ náà káàkiri, nípa bẹ́ẹ̀, ó dá ilẹ̀ tí a óò kọ Ilé-Ifẹ̀ sí, ìlú àkọ́kọ́ náà. <ref name="Bascom, p. 10"/> Odùduwà wá gbin èso igi-ọ̀pẹ kan sínú ihò kan ní ilẹ̀ tuntun tí ó dá sílẹ̀, láti inú rẹ̀ sì hù jáde ní igi ńlá kan tí ó ní ẹ̀ka mẹ́rìndínlógún, èyí tí ó ṣàpẹẹrẹ àwọn ìdílé mẹ́rìndínlógún ti ìjọba àjọṣepọ̀ Ifẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́; 'Ẹlú Mẹ́rìndínlógún', (mẹ́tàlá àkọ́kọ́ àti mẹ́ta tí ó tẹ̀lé e). <ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web |title=Owo {{!}} Igbo-Yoruba, Ondo State, Benin-Nigeria {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Owo |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ìjìbànù àwọn ìṣẹ̀dá láti ọwọ́ Odùduwà ni ó fa ìforígbárí tí kò lópin láàárín òun àti arágbó rẹ̀, Òrìṣà Ọbàtálá. Ìforígbárí àpẹẹrẹ yìí ṣì ń wáyé ní àkókò òde òní láàárín àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùfọkànsìn ti àwọn òrìṣà méjèèjì nígbà àjọ̀dún Ìtapa ọdún tuntun.<ref>Olupona, ''201 Gods'', 144–173; Lange, [https://books.google.com/books?id=syATJKcx5A0C&q=lange,+kingdoms ''Ancient Kingdoms''], 347–366; ''idem.'', [http://dierklange.com/pdf/lange_vitality.pdf "Preservation"], 130–1.</ref> Nítorí ìṣẹ̀dá ayé rẹ̀, Odùduwà di baba ńlá ọba àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ Ọlọ́run láàárín àwọn Yorùbá, nígbà tí wọ́n gbà pé Ọbàtálá ni ó fi amọ̀ dá àwọn ènìyàn Yorùbá àkọ́kọ́. Ìtumọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ "Ifẹ̀" ní èdè Yorùbá ni "ìfẹ̀hàn" tàbí "ìtànkálẹ̀"; nítorí náà, "Ilé-Ifẹ̀" tọ́ka sí ìtàn àròsọ orígunṣùn gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Ilẹ̀ Ìtànkálẹ̀" (ọ̀rọ̀ náà, Ilé, bí wọ́n ṣe ń pè é ní èdè Yorùbá òde òní, túmọ̀ sí ilé tàbí ibùgbé, èyí tí yóò mú kí orúkọ ìlú náà túmọ̀ sí "Ilé Ìtànkálẹ̀").<ref name="britannica.com"/> ===Orírun àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ agbègbè: Ìtànkálẹ̀ láti ìlú mímọ́ Ifẹ̀=== [[Oduduwa]] bí àwọn ọmọ ọkùnrin, àwọn ọmọbìnrin, àti àwọn ọmọ-ọmọ, tí wọ́n lọ dá àwọn ìjọba àti ilẹ̀-ọba tiwọn sílẹ̀,namely; [[Ila Orangun]], Owu, Ketu, Sabe, Egba, Popo and Oyo. [[Oranmiyan]], àbígbẹ̀yìn Odùduwà, jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùṣọ́ àgbà bàbá rẹ̀, ó sì jẹ́ alábòójútó ilẹ̀-ọba [[Kingdom of Benin|Edo kingdom]] Lẹ́yìn tí Odùduwà gba ìbẹ̀bẹ̀ àwọn ènìyàn Edo fún ìjọba rẹ̀. Nígbà tí Ọ̀rànmíyàn pinnu láti pa dà sí Ilé-Ifẹ̀, lẹ́yìn àkókò díẹ̀ tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní [[Benin City|Benin]], Ó fi ọmọ kan sílẹ̀, tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Ẹ̀wẹ̀ka, tí ó bí fún ọmọ-ọbabìnrin kan tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Benin, Erinmwinde, ọmọ ọba (Ogie) ìlú Egor, ìletò kan tó wà nítòsí Benin tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ń bẹ̀rẹ̀. Ọmọ ọkùnrin kékeré náà wá di aláṣẹ àkọ́kọ́ tí wọ́n gbà títí káàkiri, tí ó sì di Ọba ti ìran Edo kejì tí ó ti jẹ́ olùṣàkóso [[Kingdom of Benin|Benin]] láti ọjọ́ náà títí di òní. [[Oranmiyan]] Lẹ́yìn náà, ó ṣí kúrò ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá lọ sí pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ koríko láti dá ilẹ̀ ọba Ọ̀yọ́ sílẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn náà, Ọ̀yọ́ di ilẹ̀-ọba kan tí ó gbòòrò jùlọ láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn tàbí bèbè ọ̀tún Odò [[Niger River]] títí dé ìwọ̀ oòrùn tàbí bèbè òsì Odò Volta.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schorkowitz |first1=Dittmar |last2=Chávez |first2=John R. |last3=Schröder |first3=Ingo W. |title=Shifting Forms of Continental Colonialism: Unfinished Struggles and Tensions |date=28 September 2019 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-13-9817-9 |page=240 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qpyyDwAAQBAJ&dq=oyo+empire+volta+river&pg=PA240 |access-date=5 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Oyo empire {{!}} History, Definition, Map, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Oyo-empire |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=5 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Yóò wá di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ alágbára jùlọ ní Áfíríkà ní àkókò ìgbà àtijọ́, kí ó tó wó lulẹ̀ ní ààrin ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún. <ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="britannica.com"/> ==Ètò ìbílẹ̀== <div style="text-align:center;"> {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:75%; background:#f9f9f9;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e6e6e6; font-size:120%;" | '''House of Odùduwà''' |- ! Type | [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] royal dynasty |- ! Image | [[File:Cabeza de rey (ciudad yoruba).jpg|250px|thumb|center|Àwòrán Orí Ifẹ̀, Iyókù àwọn ohun èlò tí wọ́n fi ń ṣe ìsìn fún ọba Ọ̀ọ́ni [[Ile-Ife]]]] |- ! Parent House | * [[Oke Ora]] (Historically) <br/> * [[Olódùmarè]] (Philosophically) |- ! Founded | c. 11th century |- ! Founder | [[Odùduwà]] (Olofin Adimula) |- ! Region | [[Yorubaland]] |- ! Current Head | [[Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi|Ojaja II]] |- ! Traditions | [[Yoruba religion|Ìṣẹ̀ṣe]] <br/> [[Christianity]] <br/> [[Islam]] |- ! Titles | * Ọba, Ọọni [[Ife|Ifẹ]] <br/> * Olofin Adimula Ife |- ! Chiefs and Council | '''[[Oloye|Ojoye/Oloye]] Ife'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lange |first1=Dierk |title=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa |date=2004 |publisher=J.H.Röll Verlag |isbn=978-3-89754-115-3 |page=368 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=syATJKcx5A0C&pg=PA368 |access-date=1 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> '''ÌHÀRẸ – Outer/Town Chiefs (Àgbà Ifẹ̀):'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okelola |first1=Olubayo |title=Political History of Ile-Ife (Cradle of Yoruba Race) 1900–1980 |date=2001 |publisher=Lichfield |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJAPAQAAMAAJ&q=Obalaaye+Obajio |access-date=1 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> * Ọbalufe (Ọ̀runtọ́, 'Prime Minister') – Hereditary<ref>{{cite book |last1=Probst |first1=Peter |last2=Spittler |first2=Gerd |title=Between Resistance and Expansion |date=2004 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-6980-9 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUP_GJ1zjCUC&pg=PA135 |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> * Ọbalọran Ife – Hereditary * Ọbajio Ife – Hereditary * Ọbalaye Ife – Hereditary * Akọgun Ife – Hereditary * Waasin Ife – Hereditary * Jagunọṣin Ife – Non-hereditary * Ejesi Ife – Non-hereditary '''MỌDÉWÁ – Inner/Palace Chiefs (Ẹmẹsẹ̀):'''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adegoke |first1=Ebenezer Olalekan |title=A study of the role of women in the burial rituals of the Ife of southwestern Nigeria |date=March 1995 |page=20 |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/2933262/244106.pdf |journal=King's College Research Portal |access-date=10 November 2024}}</ref> * Lọwa Ijaruwa (Leader) * Jaaran * Aguro * Arodẹ * Erebẹsẹ * Ishanire * Lọwate * Laadin * [[Omoba|Ọmọba]] Ife * Yeyeluwa Ife * [[Oloori]] Ife |- ! Members | * [[Olubuse II]] <br/> * [[Adesoji Aderemi]] <br/> * [[Tejumade Alakija]] |- ! Styles | ''Kábíèsí'' <br/> [[Majesty]] <br/> [[Imperial Highness]] |- ! Other Royal Families | [[Oyo empire#The Alaafin of Oyo|Oyo royal family]] <br/> [[Oba of Benin|Bini royal family]] <br/> [[Ijesha royal family]] |- ! Cadet Branches | * In [[Ife]] (4) <br/> ** Oshinkola of Iremo <br/> ** Giesi of Moore <br/> ** Ogboru of Ilare <br/> ** Lafogido of Okerewe <br/> * Outside Ife (Several) <br/> ** [[Oyo empire#The Alaafin of Oyo|Oyo royal family]] <br/> ** [[Oba of Benin|Bini royal family]] <br/> ** [[List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu|Ketu royal family]] <br/> ** Various royal families across [[Yorubaland]] |- ! Motto | ''Ilé Ifẹ̀ orírun ayé, ibi tí ojúmọ́ ti ń mọ́ wá''. ([[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]: Ife, source origin of the world, the place from which dawn begins) |} </div> ===Ọba (Ọ̀ọ́ni Ilé-Ifẹ̀)=== Ọ̀ọ́ni (tí a tún mọ̀ sí ọba) ti Ifẹ̀ jẹ́ àtọmọdọ́mọ Ọdúdùwà, tí ó jẹ́ ọba-òrìṣà, tí a sì kà á sí olórí ẹ̀mí láàárín àwọn ọba Yorùbá, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò jọba lórí àwọn àtọmọdọ́mọ Ọdúdùwà yòókù. A kà á sí ẹ̀mí 401k (òrìṣà) ní àṣà, òun nìkan ṣoṣo ló ń sọ̀rọ̀. Kódà, ìran ọba Ifẹ̀ sọ orírun rẹ̀ di sí ìgbà tí wọ́n dá ìlú náà sílẹ̀, tó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀wá ọdún kí wọ́n tó bí Jésù Krístì. ỌbaOgunwusi (Ojaja II). tó wà nísinsìnyí ni Ọba Adéyeyè Enitán Ògúnwùsì (Ọjàjà Kejì). Ọ̀ọ́ni gun orí ìtẹ́ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2015. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dá Àpéjọ Àwọn Òrìṣà Yorùbá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1986, Ọ̀ọ́ni gba ipò àgbáyé kan tí àwọn tí ó ti di ipò rẹ̀ mu kò rí láti ìgbà tí àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ti tẹ̀dó sí ìlú náà. Ní ti orílẹ̀-èdè, ó ti jẹ́ olókìkí láàárín àwọn ọba ti Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ti Nàìjíríà, tí a kà á sí aṣòfin àgbà àti alábòójútó “ìlú mímọ́” gbogbo àwọn Yorùbá. <ref>Cheikh Anta Diop's Precolonial Black Africa, pg. 203</ref> Nísinsìnyí, ilé ìṣọ́ ààfin náà jẹ́ ilé àwọn ilé àgbáyé. Ọ̀ọ́ni ìsinsìnyí, Ọba Adéyeyè Enitán Ògúnwùsì Ọjàjà Kejì, Ọ̀ọ́ni Ifẹ̀ (tí a bí ní Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún, Oṣù Kẹwàá, Ọdún 1974) jẹ́ oníṣirò Nàìjíríà, àti Ọ̀ọ́ni Ifẹ̀ kẹtàléláàádọ́ta. Ó rọ́pò Ọba Okunade Sijuwade (Olubuse II) tí ó ti kú, tí ó jẹ́ Ọ̀ọ́ni Ifẹ̀ ẹ̀ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, tí ó sì kú ní Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n, Oṣù Keje, ọdún 2015. ===Àwọn Ẹ̀sìn Òrìṣà=== Ilé-Ifẹ̀ ni a mọ̀ jù gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlú 401 àwọn òrìṣà (tí a tún mọ̀ sí ìrúnmọlẹ̀ tàbí òrìṣà). Wọ́n sọ pé lójoojúmọ́, àwọn olùsìn ìbílẹ̀ máa ń ṣe ọdún fún ọ̀kan lára àwọn òrìṣà wọ̀nyí. Ọdún àwọn òrìṣà sábà máa ń gbà ju ọjọ́ kan lọ, tí wọn á sì ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ àlùfáà ní ààfin àti àwọn eré orí ìtàgé káàkiri gbogbo ìjọba. Ní ìtàn, Ọba kì í fara hàn ní gbangba àfi nígbà ọdún Ọlọ́jọ́ lọ́dọọdún (àyẹyẹ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ òwúrọ̀ tuntun). Àwọn ọdún pàtàkì mìíràn níbẹ̀ ni ọdún Ìtàpá fún [[Obatala]] àti Obameri, ọdún Èdì fún [[Moremi Ajasoro]], àti ti Ùgbò pẹ̀lú àwọn abẹ́yé Igare (Oluyare). <ref>Walsh, "Edi festival", 231–8; Bascom, "Olojo", 64–72; Lange, [https://books.google.com/books?id=syATJKcx5A0C&q=lange,+kingdoms ''Ancient Kingdoms''], 358–366; Olupona, ''201 Gods''.</ref> Àwọn ọba àti àwọn òrìṣà ni a sábà máa ń fi orí ńlá ṣe àwòrán wọn nítorí pé àwọn oṣèrégbé gbàgbọ́ pé “Àṣẹ” wà nínú orí, “Àṣẹ” sì jẹ́ agbára inú ti ènìyàn. Àwọn olórí ìtàn Ifẹ̀ àti àwọn ọ́fíìsì tó rọ̀ mọ́ wọn ni a tún fi hàn. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn tí wọ́n ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa jù ni ọba àtijọ́, Obalùfọ̀n Ọ̀gbọ́gbọ́dirin Kejì, ẹni tí wọ́n sọ pé ó ṣẹ̀dá ìlò idẹ, tí wọ́n sì ń bọlá fún nípa ṣíṣe ojú àbò idẹ gidi tó rí bíi ti èèyàn gidi. <ref name="blier1"/> Ìlú Ifẹ̀ jẹ́ ibùgbé tó tóbi láàárín ọ̀rúndún kejìlá sí ìkẹrìnlá, pẹ̀lú àwọn ilé tí wọ́n fi àwọn àpáàdì kọ́. Ilé-Ifẹ̀ gbajúmọ̀ káàkiri àgbáyé fún àwọn ère idẹ, òkúta àti amọ̀ rẹ̀ àtijọ́, èyí tí ó ga jù lọ nípa iṣẹ́-ọnà láàárín ọdún 1200 sí 1400 Sànmánì Tiwa. Nígbà tó fi máa di ọdún 1300 Sànmánì Tiwa, àwọn oṣiṣẹ́-ọnà Ifẹ̀ dá àṣà ìṣẹ̀dá ère tó dára àti gidi sílẹ̀ nínú amọ̀, òkúta àti àdàlù bàbà (bàbà, idẹ àti bàbà dídà)—ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nínú wọn ni wọ́n dá lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso Ọba Obalùfọ̀n Kejì, ọkùnrin tí a mọ̀ lónìí gẹ́gẹ́ bí òrìṣà Yorùbá tí ó ń bójú tó iṣẹ́ ìlò idẹ, àti aṣọ ìgúnwà. <ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book |last= Blier |first=Suzanne Preston |title=Art and Risk in Ancient Yoruba: Ife History, Politics, and Identity c. 1300 |date=2015 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1107021662 }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn àkókò yìí, iṣẹ́-ọnà rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, nítorí agbára ìṣèlú àti ọrọ̀ ajé yí padà lọ sí ìjọba [[Benin City|Benin]] tó wà nítòsí, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ilẹ̀ ọba tó tóbi, gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ìjọba [[Oyo Empire|Oyo]]. Iṣẹ́-ọnà idẹ àti amọ̀ tí àwọn ọlọ́jọ́-ọ̀là yìí dá jẹ́ àwọn àpẹẹrẹ pàtàkì ti ìṣẹ̀dá-bí-ó-ṣe-rí-gidi nínú iṣẹ́-ọnà Áfíríkà ṣáájú ìgbà amúnisìn. Wọ́n sì fi iyatọ̀ hàn nínú àwọn aṣọ ìgúnwà wọn, àwọn àmì ojú wọn, àti ìwọ̀n ara wọn. Ifẹ̀ ìgbàanì tún gbajúmọ̀ fún àwọn ilẹ̀kẹ̀ díigi rẹ̀ tí wọ́n ti rí ní àwọn ibi jíjìn bíi [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], atí [[Ghana]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/> <gallery widths="140px" heights="200px"> File:Brooklyn Museum L54.5 Fragment of a Head (3).jpg|Orí amọ̀ tí ó ṣàpẹẹrẹ Ọ̀ọ́ni tàbí Ọba Ifẹ̀, láàárín ọ̀rúndún kejìlá sí ìkẹrìndínlógún. File:Afrikaabteilung in Ethnological Museum Berlin 02.JPG|Ère ọba tàbí ìjòyè Ifẹ̀ kan nínú àkójọpọ̀ Ilé Ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé ti Berlin (Ethnological Museum of Berlin). </gallery> ==Àwọn Ibùsìn, Pẹpẹ, àti Tẹmpili== Igbo Olókun: Igbo Olókun jẹ́ igbó mímọ́ tẹ́lẹ̀rí tó ní àwọn ibùsìn níbi tí wọ́n ti ń sin òrìṣà Olókun. Wọ́n sọ pé Igbo Olókun tó wà ní ìlú Ilé-Ifẹ̀, ní gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà, ní ìtàn àwọn tó ń ṣe dígí pẹ̀lú ọ̀nà tí ó yàtọ̀ ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà. Wọ́n rí àwọn ilẹ̀kẹ̀ díigi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí wọ́n fi ń ṣe é níbẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n ń wá ibẹ̀.Ìtọ́wò àwọn ohun èlò tó wà nínú àwọn ohun àmúgbáradí àti ìfiṣègbèéyàwó ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ibẹ̀ fi hàn pé àkókò tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ díigi jẹ́ láàárín ọ̀rúndún kọkànlá sí ìkẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún Sànmánì Tiwa. Àwọn ìyọrísí ìwádìí wọ̀nyí fi hàn pé ṣíṣe ilẹ̀kẹ̀ díigi ní ibi yìí dá dúró lórí àṣà ṣíṣe díigi tó wà ní àwọn ibi jíjìn, àti pé Igbo Olókun lè jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ tí a mọ̀ tó ń ṣe díigi ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà.Ìbùdó náà kì í ṣe àṣírí àfi bí a bá ṣe béèrè fún àṣẹ láti ọwọ́ àwọn tó ń ṣọ́ ibùsìn náà nítorí pé igbó mímọ́ ni.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ile-Ife and Igbo Olokun in the history of glass in West Africa|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/abs/ileife-and-igbo-olokun-in-the-history-of-glass-in-west-africa/271A101DC136996C91364464ED61A258|journal=Antiquity Cambridge Core|date=2017 |volume=91|pages=732–750|doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.80 |last1=Babalola |first1=Abidemi Babatunde |last2=McIntosh |first2=Susan Keech |last3=Dussubieux |first3=Laure |last4=Rehren |first4=Thilo |issue=357 }}</ref> Ibo oríṣà àti igbó mímọ́ Ọdùduwà: Ibùsìn fún bàbá ńlá ìran Yorùbá. Àwọn olùsìn àti àwọn ọmọ ìgbàgbọ́ máa ń kún ibẹ̀ láti wá ìbùkún, kí wọ́n sì fi ọlá fún ẹni tí ó dá ìṣe ọlajú wọn sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|title=A brief walk into the life and final resting place of Oòdua|work=Pulse|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/oduduwa-world-groove-temple-a-brief-walk-into-the-life-and-final-resting-place-of/m8bz42w}}</ref> Tẹmpili Àgbọnnìrègún: Igbó mímọ́ Ọ̀rúnmìlà, òrìṣà kan. Òun ni òrìṣà ọgbọ́n, ìmọ̀, àti ìṣe ìdarí. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé orísun ìmọ̀ yìí lóye bí ènìyàn ṣe rí àti bí ó ti ṣe mọ́, nítorí náà, wọ́n máa ń yìn ín pé ó sábà máa ń gbéni débi tó dára ju àwọn ìwòsàn mìíràn lọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Olojo festival unveils logo|last=Utor|first=Florence|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://guardian.ng/art/olojo-festival-unveils-logo/|date=25 September 2016|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> == Àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ohun-ìjìnlẹ̀ == [[File:Araldiz Manno 259.svg|thumb|[[Solomon's knot]], '''Ìbọ̀''', a quasi-[[heraldic]] symbol of Yoruba royalty]] Ni Iyekere, wọ́n walẹ̀ tí wọ́n sì rí paìpù tó ti jóná (tí a tún pè ní tuyere), ohun èlò òkúta, ìgbá tó fọ́, àwọn ìkòkò tí wọ́n ṣe lọ́ṣọ̀ọ́, àti àmọ̀kòkò (bíi apá-etí ìkòkò, ara ìkòkò tó fẹ́lẹ́, àmọ̀kòkò tó fọ́, àti àwọn tí wọ́n ti fọ̀). Wọ́n tún ṣàwárí iṣẹ́ ìro irin, àwọn èédú tí wọ́n lò níbi iṣẹ́ ìro irin, àti àwọn àìjámọ̀ irin tí ó wà nínú ìyẹ̀fun. Iṣẹ́ ìro irin wáyé ní àgbègbè Ifẹ̀. <ref name="Ife">{{cite journal |last1=Ige |first1=Akin |last2=Rehren |first2=Thilo |title=Black sand and iron stone:iron smelting in Modakeke, Ife, south western Nigeria |url=https://www.academia.edu/4009621 |journal=Institute for Archaeo-Metallurgical Studies |date=January 2003 }}</ref> Ipele ìwọ̀n àti àgbéjáde iṣẹ́ náà ga gan-an nítorí pé iṣẹ́ ìro irin máa ń mú irin jáde tó tó ìwọ̀n 80 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún [[iron oxide]] lára ohun àlùmọ́nì, pẹrẹfun tí kò lẹ́jẹ̀ nínú rẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀n tí kò tó 60 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún iron oxide, kò sì sí iron oxide tó pọ̀ ju èyí tí ó yẹ fún ìṣòro pẹrẹfun.<ref name="Ife"/> Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó pọndandan láti walẹ̀ sí i láti mọ ọjọ́ orí pípé ibi tí wọ́n ti ń ro irin náà, a lè fojú díwọ̀n rẹ̀ pé ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ ti ìgbà ayé àtijọ́, lákòókò Ìgbà Irin Ìparí. <ref name="Ife"/> Igbo Olokun, tí a tún mọ̀ sí Igbo Olokun,<ref name="Ile-Ife">{{cite journal |last1=Babalola |first1=Abidemi |title=Ancient History of Technology in West Africa: The Indigenous Glass/Glass Bead Industry and the Society in Early Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317775780 |journal=Journal of Black Studies |year=2017 |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=501–527 |doi=10.1177/0021934717701915|s2cid=151455909 }}</ref> lè jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n kọ́kọ́ ń ṣe digi ní [[West Africa]].<ref name="Olokun">{{cite journal |last1=Babalola |first1=Abidemi |last2=McIntosh |first2=Susan |last3=Dussubieux |first3=Laure |last4=Rehren |first4=Thilo |title=Ile-Ife and Igbo Olokun in the history of glass in West Africa |journal=Antiquity|volume=91 |issue=357 |pages=732–750 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.80 |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ìṣeṣe digi bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún kọkànlá, tàbí ṣáájú rẹ̀.<ref name="Ile-Ife"/> Láti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlá sí ìkẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún ni iṣẹ́ ìṣe digi gbayì jù.<ref name="Ile-Ife"/> Wọ́n ṣe oríṣi méjì digi tó yàtọ̀: High lime, high alumina (HLHA) àti low lime, high alumina (LLHA), nípa lílo àwọn ohun èlò ìbílẹ̀ àti ìmọ̀ ìṣe iná.<ref name="Olokun II">{{cite journal |last1=Babalola |first1=Abidemi |last2=Dussubieux |first2=Laure |last3=McIntosh |first3=Susan |last4=Rehren |first4=Thilo |title=Chemical analysis of glass beads from Igbo Olokun, Ile-Ife (SW Nigeria): New light on raw materials, production, and interregional interactions |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=90 |pages=92–105 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2017.12.005 |year=2018 |bibcode=2018JArSc..90...92B |url=https://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/1911/99290/4/glassBeads.pdf |doi-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wọ́n rí àwọn ilẹ̀kẹ̀ digi HLHA káàkiri Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà<ref name="Olokun II"/> (bíi Igbo-Ukwu ní gúúsù Nàìjíríà, Gao àti Essouk ní Mali, àti Kissi ní Burkina Faso) lẹ́yìn ọ̀rúndún kẹsàn-án,<ref name="Olokun III">{{cite journal |last1=Babalola |first1=Abidemi |title=Archaeological Investigations of Early Glass Production at Igbo-Olokun, Ile-Ife (Nigeria) |url=https://journals.openedition.org/aaa/545 |journal=Afrique: Archéologie & Arts|issue=11 |pages=61–64 |date=2015-12-15 |volume=11 |doi=10.4000/aaa.545 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> èyí sì fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ìṣe digi yìí ṣe pàtàkì ní àgbègbè náà, ó sì ń kópa nínú àwọn ìṣòwò agbègbè.<ref name="Olokun II"/><ref name="Ile-Ife"/> Àwọn ilẹ̀kẹ̀ digi jẹ́ owó fún "lílo agbára ìṣèlú, ìbáṣepọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ ajé, àti àwọn ìlànà àṣà/ẹ̀mí" fún "Yorùbá, àwọn ará Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà, àti àwọn tó ti tuka káàkiri ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà".<ref name="Ile-Ife"/> Nínú Igbó Òṣun, ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ tí [[Yorùbá]] dá sílẹ̀ fún iṣẹ́-ọnà dídìgi wà títí di ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún. <ref name="Ancestors">{{cite journal |last1=Ogundiran |first1=Akinwumi |title=Our Ancestors Were Material Scientists |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-black-studies_2015-11_46_8/page/751 |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=46 |issue=8 |pages=751–772 |last2=Ige |first2=O. |doi=10.1177/0021934715600964 |year=2015 |s2cid=142207743 }}</ref> [[File:Glass beads of different colors and shapes from Ile-Ife, Nigeria.webp|thumb|Àwọn ilẹ̀kẹ̀ digi onírúurú àwọ̀ àti onírúurú ìrísí láti Ilé-Ifẹ̀, Nàìjíríà.]] ==ìjọba== Ilé-Ifẹ̀ pín sí agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ méjì: Ifẹ̀ Ìlà Oòrùn, tí ibùdó rẹ̀ wà ní Òkè-Ògbọ̀, àti Ifẹ̀ Àárín, tí ibùdó rẹ̀ wà ní ojú ọ̀nà Ibadan. Àpapọ̀ wààdì olóṣèlú mọ́kànlélógún (21) ni ó wà nínú àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ méjèèjì. Ní ìbámu sí Ìkànìyàn ti Orílẹ̀-èdè ọdún 2006, àpapọ̀ iye àwọn ènìyàn tó wà ní àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ méjèèjì jẹ́ 355,281. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣírò tuntun kan ti fi hàn pé àwọn ènìyàn ìlú Ifẹ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà náà. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìṣírò kan fojú díwọ̀n pé iye àwọn ènìyàn tó wà ní Ifẹ̀ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ ní ọdún 2025 jẹ́ 438,074.<ref>YOADE, Adewale Olufunlola. "PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CORE AREA OF ILE-IFE, NIGERIA." Annals Of The University Of Oradea, Geography Series / Analele Universitatii Din Oradea, Seria Geografie 25, no. 2 (December 2015): 137–147. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 32, 2016)</ref> ==Ibi ti ilu wa== Lati 7°28′N si 7°45′N ni gígùn, ati lati 4°30′E si 4°34′E ni ibùú. Ilé-Ifẹ̀ jẹ́ agbègbè igberiko tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará ibẹ̀ fi iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ ṣe. Ilẹ̀ Ifẹ̀ rí bíi àwọn òkè kékeré tí ó wà lábẹ́ àwọn òkúta metamorphic, tí ó sì ní oríṣi ilẹ̀ méjì, ilẹ̀ amọ̀ tí ó jinlẹ̀ lórí àwọn òkè, àti ilẹ̀ yẹ̀pẹ̀ ní àwọn pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀. Ó wà láàárín agbègbè ojú ọjọ́ savannah ti ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà. Ó ní òjò apapọ tí ó tó 1,000 sí 1,250 mm nígbà gbogbo láti oṣù kẹta sí oṣù kẹwàá, ìgbóná afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ ìwọ̀n 75% sí 100%. Ifẹ̀ wà ní ìlà oòrùn ìlú [[Ìbàdàn]] , ó sì so mọ́ ọn nípasẹ̀ ọ̀nà-ọ̀pọ̀ Ifẹ̀-Ìbàdàn; Ifẹ̀ tún wà ní ìgbàsẹ̀ 40 km sí Òṣogbo, ó sì ní àwọn ọ̀nà tí ó lọ sí àwọn ìlú mìíràn bíi Ẹdẹ, Òńdó, àti Iléṣà. Odò Ọpá àti adágún omi rẹ̀ wà níbẹ̀, tí ó jẹ́ ibi ìfọ́mi fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU). == Ojú-ọjọ́ == Ní Ilé-Ifẹ̀, ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn máa ń ní afẹ́fẹ́ ọlẹ àti ìkúùkú díẹ̀, ìgbóná rẹ̀ sì ga ní gbogbo ọdún. Ìgbà òjò máa ń gbóná tí ó sì kún fún ìkúùkú. Ìwọ̀n ìgbóná apapọ́ ọdún máa ń wà láàárín 66 sí 93 ìwọ̀n Fahrenheit, kì í sì í ju 98 tàbí dín sí 60. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ile-Ife Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) – Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/50041/Average-Weather-in-Ile-Ife-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Ife climate: Temperature Ife & Weather By Month – Climate-Data.org |url=https://en.climate-data.org/africa/nigeria/osun/ife-386976/ |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref> ===Ìwọ̀n ìgbóná === Láti oṣù kiní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún sí oṣù kẹrin ọjọ́ kẹrin, ìgbà ooru, tí ìwọ̀n ìgbóná rẹ̀ máa ń kọjá 91°F, máa ń wà fún oṣù 2.4. Ní Ifẹ̀, oṣù kẹta ni ó gbóná jùlọ ní ọdún, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ìgbóná apapọ́ tó tó 92°F, tí ìwọ̀n ìbínú rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ 73°F.<ref name=":1" /> Láti oṣù kẹfà ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá sí oṣù kẹwàá ọjọ́ kẹfà, ìgbà otútù, tí ìwọ̀n ìgbóná rẹ̀ wà lábẹ́ 84°F, máa ń wà fún oṣù 3.8. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> Oṣù kẹjọ ni ó tutù jùlọ ní ọdún ní Ifẹ̀, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ìbínú apapọ́ tó jẹ́ 71°F, tí ìwọ̀n ìgbóná rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ 82°F. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> ===Ìbòrí Àwọsánmà=== Àpapọ̀ iye ìbòrí àwọsánmà ní Ilé-Ifẹ̀ máa ń yí padà púpọ̀ láti àkókò kan sí òmíràn ní gbogbo ọdún. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Matthew |first=Olaniran J. |date=March 2020 |title=Investigating climate suitability conditions for malaria transmission and impacts of climate variability on mosquito survival in the humid tropical region: a case study of Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Ile-Ife, south-western Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Biometeorology |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=355–365 |doi=10.1007/s00484-019-01814-x |issn=1432-1254 |pmid=31655868|bibcode=2020IJBm...64..355M |s2cid=204907590 }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Citation |last=Sanni |first=David Olabanjo |title=Local Knowledge of Climate Change Among Arable Farmers in Selected Locations in Southwestern Nigeria |date=2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93336-8_147 |work=Handbook of Climate Change Resilience |pages=2531–2548 |editor-last=Leal Filho |editor-first=Walter |access-date=2023-07-19 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-93336-8_147 |isbn=978-3-319-93336-8|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> Ilé-Ifẹ̀ ní ọdún méjì ó lé ní ìdá mẹ́wàá tí ojú ọ̀run rẹ̀ máa ń mọ́, èyí tí ó máa ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí oṣù kọkànlá ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún tí ó sì máa ń parí ní nǹkan bíi oṣù kejì ọjọ́ kẹtàlá.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> Oṣù kejìlá ni oṣù tí ojú ọ̀run máa ń mọ́ jù lọ ní ọdún, pẹ̀lú apapọ̀ ìdá ọgọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ti ojú ọ̀run mímọ́, tàbí ojú ọ̀run tí ó mọ́ púpọ̀, tàbí ojú ọ̀run tí ó ní ìkúùkú díẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web |last=BusinessDay |date=2023-02-12 |title=Why continuous deforestation, maiming of farmers, forest guards by illicit lumber/timber traders in ile-ife? |url=https://businessday.ng/opinion/article/why-continuous-deforestation-maiming-of-farmers-forest-guards-by-illicit-lumber-timber-traders-in-ile-ife/ |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> Ní nǹkan bí oṣù kejì ọjọ́ kẹtàlá ọdún kọ̀ọ̀kan, ìgbà tí ìkúùkú bá pọ̀ máa ń bẹ̀rẹ̀, ó máa ń wà fún oṣù méjì ó lé ní ìdá mẹ́wàá, tí ó sì máa ń parí ní nǹkan bíi oṣù kọkànlá ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> Oṣù kẹrin ni oṣù tí ìbòrí àwọsánmà pọ̀ jù; ní apapọ̀, ìdá mẹ́rìndínlógún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ìlú náà ni ojú ọ̀run ti ní ìkúùkú lórí tàbí kí ó kún fún ìkúùkú ní oṣù yìí. ===Rírọ Òjò=== Wọ́n máa ń ka ọjọ́ kan sí ọjọ́ òjò bí ó bá ti rọ òjò tó tó ìwọ̀n 0.04 inch ti omi tàbí omi tó dọ́gba. Ní Ifẹ̀, ìṣeṣe ọjọ́ òjò máa ń yàtọ̀ láti ìgbà kan sí òmíràn ní gbogbo ọdún. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Babarinsa |first=Olusola |date=2023-06-27 |title=OAU Ife Ecology Institute@40: Solving Nigeria's environmental challenges |url=https://punchng.com/oau-ife-ecology-institute40-solving-nigerias-environmental-challenges/ |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> Ìgbà òjò, èyí tó máa ń wà fún oṣù 6.6, láti oṣù kẹrin ọjọ́ keje sí oṣù kẹwàá ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n, ní ìṣeṣe tó lé ní ìdá 45 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ti rírọ òjò ní ọjọ́ kan. Ní Ifẹ̀, oṣù kẹsàn-án ní apapọ̀ ọjọ́ 25.4 tí òjò rọ tó tó ìwọ̀n 0.04 inch, èyí sì mú un jẹ́ oṣù tí ọjọ́ òjò pọ̀ jù. <ref name=":1" /> Láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kọkànlá sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹrin, ìgbà tó tó nǹkan bí oṣù 5.4, ni ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn. Oṣù kejìlá ní apapọ̀ ọjọ́ 1.4 tí òjò rọ tó tó ìwọ̀n 0.04 inch,<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìsọ̀rí yìí, òjò nìkan ló ní ìṣeṣe tó ga jù lọ nínú gbogbo oríṣi òjò, èyí tó kọjá ìdá 86 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọjọ́ kejìlélógún. <ref name=":1" /> ==Ọrọ̀ Ajé== Ní Ifẹ̀, àwọn ibi ìfàsọ́kàn bíi Ilé Ìkóhun-ìrántí ti Ìtàn Àdánidá ti Nàìjíríà wà. Ifẹ̀ jẹ́ ilé fún ibùdó ọ̀gbìn ti agbègbè kan, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbìn ẹ̀fọ́, àgbàdo, koko, tábà, àti òwú. Ifẹ̀ ní àwọn ọjà pátákì díẹ̀, bíi Ọjà Titun tàbí Ọjà Odò-gbe, pẹ̀lú nǹkan bí iṣẹ́-ìṣòwò 1,500. <ref>I.A. Akinjogbin, The Cradle of a Race: Ife from the Beginning to 1980 (Port Harcourt [Nigeria]:Sunray Publishers, 1992); William Bascom, The Yoruba of South-western Nigeria (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969); Frank Willett, Ife in the History of West African Sculpture (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967); http://www.oauife.edu.ng/; http://www.historywiz.org/ife.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911133809/http://www.historywiz.org/ife.htm |date=2019-09-11 }}; BBC: Ife and Benin; http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter7.shtml.</ref> Ní ti ìdàgbàsókè, agbègbè àárín Ifẹ̀ ní Ilé-Ifẹ̀ ló dàgbà jù. Àwọn agbègbè yìí ni Parakin, Eleyele, Modomo, Damico, àti Agbègbè Crown Estate. Àwọn agbègbè yìí ni ó ní àwọn ilé òde òní, ọ̀nà tó dára, iná mànàmáná tí ó wà déédé, àti ààbò. ==Education== <!---♦♦♦ Only add schools to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->Ifẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga tí wọ́n lókìkí ní Nàìjíríà àti káríayé, bíi:[[Obafemi Awolowo University]] (formerly University of Ife), atí Oduduwa University. Ó tún jẹ́ ibi tí àwọn ilé-ìwé gbajúmọ̀ bíi Seventh Day Adventist Grammar School, Ifẹ̀, Oduduwa College àti Moremi High School wà, àwọn ilé-ìwé wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n dá sílẹ̀ láti ọdún mẹ́wàá mẹ́ta tí ó ti kọjá. == Àwọn èèyàn pàtàkì == *[[Adesoji Aderemi]] ; (Atobatele I) (1889-1980), Ọọ̀ni ìkejìdínláàdọ́ta ti Ifẹ̀. *[[Dele Momodu]] tí wọ̀nyí bí ní ọdún 1960, òǹkọ̀wé ìwé ìròyìn. *Tunde Odunlade tí wọ̀nyí bí ní ọdún 1954, oníṣẹ́-ọnà àti olórin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2017-04-06|title=ODUNLADE, Tunde|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/odunlade-tunde/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-01|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> *'''Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi'''; ('''Ọjájá II''') tí wọ̀nyí bí ní odun 1974, Ọọ̀ni kọkànléláàádọ́ta ti Ifẹ̀<ref>{{Cite book|last=Layonu|first=Taslim Abiola|title=Born to be king : a book to commemorate the installation and inauguration of his imperial majesty Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi, Ojaja II, Ooni of Ile-Ife|year=2015|publisher=Media Report Projects |isbn=978-978-2170-46-0|oclc=959259140}}</ref> *[[Femi Fani-Kayode]] ti won big ni ọdún 1960), olóṣèlú, òǹkọ̀wé àròkọ, akéwì, àti agbẹjọ́rò ọmọ Nàìjíríà. *[[Iyiola Omisore]] ti won bi ni ọdún 1957, oníṣòwò, onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ, àti olóṣèlú ọmọ Nàìjíríà. *Ọba Remi Adetokunboh Fani-Kayode, Q.C., SAN, CON. *Alayeluwa Oba Okunade Sijuwade Olubuse II (1930–2015), Ọọ̀ni àádọ́ta ti Ifẹ̀.<ref>{{Citation|first=Ebenezer|last=Obey|title=Current affairs : the Ooni of Ife, Oba Okunade Sijuade|date=1983|publisher=Obey|oclc=12987528}}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ̀kási == {{Reflist}} desmkzihj42pb2tcspk65lqezqb2grb Ìṣòro Ṣíṣe Ìṣírò 0 78892 632011 621263 2026-08-19T15:11:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Dyscalculia|synonyms=Specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Specific Learning Disorder? |url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/specific-learning-disorder/what-is-specific-learning-disorder |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=[[American Psychiatric Association]]}}</ref>|image=|alt=|image_size=300px|caption=An arithmetic worksheet filled in by a dyscalculic child with teachers grading marks obscuring the child penmanship|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˌ|d|ɪ|s|k|æ|l|ˈ|k|juː|l|i|ə}}<ref>{{cite web |title=DYSCALCULIA definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dyscalculia |work=Collins Online Dictionary |access-date=24 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307005935/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dyscalculia |archive-date=7 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>|field=[[Neurology]], [[psychiatry]]|symptoms=Difficulty learning or comprehending mathematics|complications=Difficulty with daily tasks|onset=|duration=Lifelong|types=|causes=|risks=|diagnosis=|differential=|prevention=|treatment=|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=}}'''Ìṣòro ṣíṣe ìṣírò''' jẹ́ àìlera ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tí ó yọrí sí àìlóye [[ìṣírò]], gẹgẹbi àìlóye [[Nọ́mbà|awọn nọmba]], iṣiro. Nigba miiran a maa n tọka si bi “ìṣòro kíkàwé matimátìkì”, bótilẹ̀jẹ́wípé yàtọ̀ sí ara wọn. Ìṣòro ṣíṣe ìṣírò ní nǹkan ṣe pẹ̀lú ìṣòro ní ibi kan nínú ọpọlọ ti àwọn òyìbó ń pè ní sulcus intraparietal <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Rotzer|first1=S|last2=Loenneker|first2=T|last3=Kucian|first3=K|last4=Martin|first4=E|last5=Klaver|first5=P|last6=von Aster|first6=M|title=Dysfunctional neural network of spatial working memory contributes to developmental dyscalculia|journal=Neuropsychologia|date=2009|volume=47|issue=13|pages=2859–2865|doi=10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.009|pmid=19540861|url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/20441/1/Rotzer_manuscript_V.pdf|access-date=31 December 2018|archive-date=23 January 2020|archivedate=23 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123181733/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/20441/1/Rotzer_manuscript_V.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> àti apá iwaju ọpọlọ . <ref name="Shalev">{{Cite journal|last1=Shalev|first1=R|title=Developmental Dyscalculia|journal=Journal of Child Neurology|date=2004|volume=19|issue=10|pages=765–771|pmid=15559892|doi=10.1177/08830738040190100601}}</ref> <ref name="Rubinsten2009">{{Cite journal|last1=Rubinsten|first1=O|last2=Henik|first2=A|title=Developmental dyscalculia: Heterogeneity might not mean different mechanisms|journal=Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul. Ed.)|volume=13|issue=2|pages=92–9|date=February 2009|pmid=19138550|doi=10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.002}}</ref> Ìṣòro ṣíṣe ìṣírò kò ní ipa lórí ọgbọ́n tàbí òye àkókò, ìwọ̀n, àti èrò àyè . <ref name="Butterworth, 2010">{{Cite journal|last1=Butterworth|first1=B|title=Foundational numerical capacities and the origins of dyscalculia|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|volume=14|issue=12|pages=534–541|pmid=20971676|doi=10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.007}}</ref> <ref name="Butterworth, 2011">{{Cite journal|last1=Butterworth|first1=B|last2=Varma|first2=S|last3=Laurillard|first3=D|title=Dyscalculia: From brain to education|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=332|issue=6033|pages=1049–1053|pmid=21617068|doi=10.1126/science.1201536}}</ref> Àwọn èèyàn mẹ́ta sí mẹ́fà nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ló ní ìṣòro yìí. <ref name="Butterworth, 2010" /> <ref name="Butterworth, 2011" /> Ní 2015, a fi ìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ wípé àwọn ọmọdé mọ́kànlá nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún tí ó ní ìṣòro ṣíṣe ìṣírò tún ní ìṣòro àìlèdúrósíbìkan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Soares|first1=Neelkamal|last2=Patel|first2=Dilip R.|title=Dyscalculia|journal=International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health|volume=8|issue=1|pages=15–26}}</ref> Ìṣòro ṣíṣe ìṣírò tún ní nǹkan ṣe pẹ̀lú àìsàn Turner <ref>{{Citation|title=The Learning Brain: Memory and Brain Development in Children}}</ref> àti àwọn ènìyàn tí ó ní ọgbẹ́ ọ̀pá ẹ̀yìn . <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barnes|first1=Marcia A.|last2=Wilkinson|first2=Margaret|last3=Khemani|first3=Ekta|last4=Boudesquie|first4=Amy|last5=Dennis|first5=Maureen|last6=Fletcher|first6=Jack M.|date=March 2006|title=Arithmetic processing in children with spina bifida: Calculation accuracy, strategy use, and fact retrieval fluency|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-learning-disabilities_march-april-2006_39_2/page/174|journal=Journal of Learning Disabilities|volume=39|issue=2|pages=174–187|doi=10.1177/00222194060390020601|pmid=16583797}}</ref> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} 54z65s4l77jxtepi91n4pmhwe5lg43c Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram 0 79252 632009 631989 2026-08-19T15:08:38Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Insurgency in Sub-Saharan Africa}} {{use dmy dates|date=August 2025}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram | partof = [[Rògbòdìyàn ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà]], [[Ogun lòdì sí Islamic State]], [[Ogun ní Sahel]], àti [[Ogun lòdì sí ìpániláyà]]<ref name="CTC 2021">{{cite journal |author1-last=Bacon |author1-first=Tricia |author2-last=Warner |author2-first=Jason |date=8 September 2021 |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CTC-SENTINEL-072021.pdf |title=Twenty Years After 9/11: The Threat in Africa—The New Epicenter of Global Jihadi Terror |url-status=live |editor1-last=Cruickshank |editor1-first=Paul |editor2-last=Hummel |editor2-first=Kristina |journal=[[CTC Sentinel]] |volume=14 |issue=7 |pages=76–92 |publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]] |location=[[West Point, New York]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908175925/https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CTC-SENTINEL-072021.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2021 |access-date=10 November 2021 |archivedate=8 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908175925/https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CTC-SENTINEL-072021.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | image = {{Multiple image | perrow = 2/2/2 | total_width = 384 | border=infobox | image1= Militaire nigériens contre Boko Haram, mars 2015..jpg | image2= Nigerian Helicopter - Sambisa Forest, 2017.png | image3= Boko Haram Amputation (removed watermark).png | image4= Boko_Haram_vehicles_destroyed_by_Cameroon_in_Dec._2018.jpg | footer_align = center | footer = '''Ní ọwọ́ ọ̀tún láti òkè''': {{flatlist| *Àwọn jagunjagun [[Niger Army]] pẹ̀lú òkú jàǹdùkú Boko Haram ní [[Diffa]] lásìkò [[2015 West African offensive|ìkọlù 2015]] *Àwọn jagunjagun Nàìjíríà ní [[Igbo Sambisa]], 2017 *Àwọn ọkọ̀ Boko Haram tí àwọn ológun [[Cameroon]] bàjẹ́, 2018 *Boko Haram ń gé ọwọ́ ọkùnrin kan, 2017 }} }} | date = [[26 Oṣù Keje]], 2009 – di òní<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=26|year1=2009}}) | place = Àríwá [[Nàìjíríà]]<br>Àríwá [[Cameroon]] (láti 2012)<br>Gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn [[Niger]] (láti 2014)<br>Ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Chad]] (láti 2014)<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2015/0213/Boko-Haram-escalates-battle-with-bold-move-into-Chad|title=Boko Haram escalates battle with bold move into Chad|author=The Christian Science Monitor|journal=The Christian Science Monitor|date=13 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213181444/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2015/0213/Boko-Haram-escalates-battle-with-bold-move-into-Chad|archive-date=13 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> | status = [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ń lọ lọ́wọ́]] ([[Template:Nigerian insurgency detailed map|Màpù ipò ogun lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́]]) * Rògbòdìyàn tàn dé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò: [[Cameroon]], [[Chad]], [[Mali]], àti [[Niger]]<ref name="CTC 2021"/><ref name="Dowd 2015">{{cite journal |last=Dowd |first=Caitriona |date=December 2015 |title=Grievances, governance, and Islamist violence in sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_the-journal-of-modern-african-studies_2015-12_53_4/page/505 |journal=[[Journal of Modern African Studies]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=505–531 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X15000737 |issn=1469-7777 |jstor=26309887 |lccn=2001-227388 |oclc=48535892 |s2cid=155830239}}</ref> * Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Turkey àti àwọn ajà-gbowó-ṣiṣẹ́ Siria wọ Niger * [[2015 West African offensive|Ìkọlù Àpapọ̀]] 2015 lé Boko Haram padà sí [[Igbo Sambisa]] * Wọ́n pa [[Abubakar Shekau]] ní 19 May 2021 nígbà tí ISWAP gba Igbo Sambisa * [[Boko Haram]] fẹ́rẹ̀ túká pátápátá; [[ISWAP]] di alágbára | result = | combatant1 = '''{{NGA}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{CMR}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{NIG}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{CHA}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{BEN}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo">[https://news.yahoo.com/boko-haram-west-africas-al-qaeda-says-nigerian-150951065.html West Africa leaders vow to wage 'total war' on Boko Haram] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205610/http://news.yahoo.com/boko-haram-west-africas-al-qaeda-says-nigerian-150951065.html |date=3 March 2016}} By John Irish and Elizabeth Pineau. 17 May 2014 2:19 PM.</ref><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{USA}}''' ([[2025 United States strikes in Nigeria|láti 2025]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2025 |title=US launches strike against Islamic State militants in northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/us-launches-strikes-against-islamic-state-militants-northwest-nigeria-trump-says-2025-12-25/}}</ref><br/>{{Collapsible list | title = Pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn: | {{RUS}}<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.aberfoylesecurity.com/?p=4419 |title=Nigeria Seeks Russian Military Aid in its War on Boko Haram |date=8 May 2019 |author=Andrew McGregor |website=Aberfoyle International Security |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref> | {{CHN}}<ref name="The Guardian"/> | {{FRA}}<ref name="The Guardian"/> | {{GBR}}<ref name="The Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/kidnapped-schoolgirls-british-experts-nigeria-boko-haram Kidnapped schoolgirls: British experts to fly to Nigeria 'as soon as possible'.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108192204/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/kidnapped-schoolgirls-british-experts-nigeria-boko-haram |date=8 January 2017}} theguardian.com, Wednesday 7 May 2014 17.33 BST.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11306242/British-troops-to-help-fight-against-Boko-Haram-as-SAS-target-Isil.html|title=British troops to help fight against Boko Haram as SAS target Isil|work=the Telegraph|date=20 December 2014|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211000511/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11306242/British-troops-to-help-fight-against-Boko-Haram-as-SAS-target-Isil.html|archive-date=11 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{flag|African Union}}<ref>[http://mashable.com/2015/01/31/african-union-boko-haram-troops/ African Union agrees to send 7,500 troops to fight Boko Haram in Nigeria]. [[Mashable.com]], 31 January 2015.</ref><ref name="Medium">[http://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-african-union-readies-an-army-to-beat-boko-haram-694150ba6ebb The African Union Readies an Army to Fight Boko Haram] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703072009/https://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-african-union-readies-an-army-to-beat-boko-haram-694150ba6ebb |date=3 July 2015}}, Medium.com.</ref> | {{TUR}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2024/05/turkey-recruits-syrians-to-fight-in-africa-under-supervision-of-sultan-murad-division/|title=Turkey recruits Syrians to fight in Africa under supervision of Sultan Murad Division|work=[[Enab Baladi]]|author=Hassan Ibrahim|date=13 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Consisting of 250 members.. Turkish intelligence is preparing the second batch of Syrian mercenaries to be sent to Niger |url=https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-250-%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ac/712852/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |date=5 May 2024 |language=Arabic}}</ref> | {{PAK}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/nigeria-turns-east-russia-pakistan-now-selling-warplanes-help-boko-haram-fight-1594886|title=Nigeria turns east: Russia and Pakistan now selling warplanes to help in Boko Haram fight|first=Ludovica|last=Iaccino|date=5 December 2016|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614044901/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/nigeria-turns-east-russia-pakistan-now-selling-warplanes-help-boko-haram-fight-1594886|archive-date=14 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://quwa.org/2017/06/08/nigerian-special-forces-battalion-completes-training-course-pakistan/|title=Nigerian Special Forces battalion completes training course in Pakistan|website=quwa.org|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611080034/https://quwa.org/2017/06/08/nigerian-special-forces-battalion-completes-training-course-pakistan/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|date=8 June 2017}}</ref> | {{CAN}}<ref name="Global News">[http://globalnews.ca/news/1330088/canada-joins-effort-to-free-300-nigerian-schoolgirls/ Canada joins effort to free Nigerian schoolgirls.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701054847/http://globalnews.ca/news/1330088/canada-joins-effort-to-free-300-nigerian-schoolgirls/ |date=1 July 2014}} 14 May 2014 3:23 pm Updated: 15 May 2014 7:01 pm. By Murray Brewster, The Canadian Press</ref> | {{flag|Egypt}}<ref name="Channelst">{{cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/05/30/egypt-pledges-to-support-nigeria-in-fight-against-boko-haram//|title=Egypt Pledges To Support Nigeria in Fight Against Boko Haram • Channels Television|date=30 May 2015|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041259/https://www.channelstv.com/2015/05/30/egypt-pledges-to-support-nigeria-in-fight-against-boko-haram//|archive-date=22 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The Nation">{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/boko-haram-egypt-assures-nigeria-of-support///|title=Boko Haram: Egypt assures Nigeria of support – The Nation Nigeria|date=20 October 2015|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722095609/http://thenationonlineng.net/boko-haram-egypt-assures-nigeria-of-support/|archive-date=22 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{ISR}}<ref name="The Jerusalem Post">[https://www.jpost.com/International/Israel-sends-experts-to-help-hunt-for-Nigerian-schoolgirls-kidnapped-by-Islamists-352822 Israel sends experts to help hunt for Nigerian schoolgirls kidnapped by Islamists.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910094455/https://www.jpost.com/International/Israel-sends-experts-to-help-hunt-for-Nigerian-schoolgirls-kidnapped-by-Islamists-352822 |date=10 September 2018}} ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]''; 20 May 2014 18:03.</ref> | {{flag|European Union}}<ref name="editioncnn">{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/26/africa/africa-isis-training/index.html|title=Feeling the heat: West combats extremists' advance in Africa's deserts|publisher=CNN|date=27 February 2015|access-date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306022148/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/26/africa/africa-isis-training/index.html|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{COL}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/191413-boko-haram-obasanjo-leads-colombian-security-experts-to-buhari.html|title=Boko Haram: Obasanjo leads Colombian security experts to Buhari – Premium Times Nigeria|date=12 October 2015|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010084724/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/191413-boko-haram-obasanjo-leads-colombian-security-experts-to-buhari.html|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2016/01/in-pictures-lt-general-buratai-visits-colombia/|title=In Pictures: Lt. General Buratai visits Colombia|work=The NEWS|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203023444/http://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2016/01/in-pictures-lt-general-buratai-visits-colombia/|archive-date=3 February 2016|url-status=live|date=25 January 2016}}</ref> | {{BLR}}<ref>[http://www.belvpo.com/ru/91354.html/ Беларусь попала в ТОП-20 мировых лидеров по экспорту вооружений] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027190036/http://www.belvpo.com/ru/91354.html/ |date=27 October 2018}} – ''Военно-политическое обозрение'', 1 марта 2017</ref> }} | combatant2 = '''{{flag|Islamic State}}'''<hr/>'''{{flag|al-Qaeda}}''' <br/>'''Pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn:'''<br/>{{flag|al-Shabaab}}{{sfn|ICG|2014|pp=22, 26}}<br/>{{flag|al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb}}{{sfn|ICG|2014|pp=22, 26, 27}}<ref name="Reuters2013">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/islamists-ansaru-claim-attack-mali-bound-nigeria-troops-153819155.html |agency=Reuters |title=Islamists Ansaru claim attack on Mali-bound Nigeria troops: paper |date=20 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202022322/http://news.yahoo.com/islamists-ansaru-claim-attack-mali-bound-nigeria-troops-153819155.html |archive-date=2 February 2013}}</ref> | combatant3 = '''{{flag|Boko Haram}}''' | commander1 = {{ubl|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Bola Tinubu]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Muhammadu Buhari]]{{Natural Causes}}|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Goodluck Jonathan]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Umaru Yar'Adua]]{{Natural Causes}}| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Christopher Gwabin Musa|Christopher Musa]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Lucky Irabor]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Abayomi Olonisakin]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Alex Badeh]]{{Assassinated}}| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nuhu Ribadu]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Babagana Monguno]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Sambo Dasuki]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]]{{KIA}}| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Hasan Abubakar]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Isiaka Oladayo Amao]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Sadique Abubakar]]| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Olufemi Oluyede]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Taoreed Lagbaja]]{{Natural Causes}} |{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Faruk Yahaya]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Ibrahim Attahiru]]{{KIA|2021 Nigerian Air Force Beechcraft King Air crash}}| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Tukur Buratai]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Kenneth Minimah]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Azubuike Ihejirika]] |{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Abdulrahman Dambazau]]| {{flagicon|Niger}} [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]]}}{{flagicon|Niger}} [[Mohamed Bazoum]]<br>{{flagicon|Niger}} [[Mahamadou Issoufou]]<br>{{flagicon|Chad}} [[Mahamat Déby Itno]]<br>{{flagicon|Chad}} [[Idriss Déby]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Paul Biya]] | commander2 = '''ISWAP:'''<br>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://dailytrust.com/vicious-iswap-leader-al-barnawi-killed| title=Vicious ISWAP leader, Al-Barnawi, killed| work=Daily Trust| date=15 September 2021| access-date=15 September 2021| archive-date=15 September 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915104337/https://dailytrust.com/vicious-iswap-leader-al-barnawi-killed| dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/09/15/notorious-boko-haram-islamic-state-leader-al-barnawi-killed-borno| title=Notorious Boko Haram, Islamic State Leader, Al-Barnawi Killed In Borno |work=Sahara Reporters |date=15 September 2021 |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref><br>{{flagdeco|Islamic State}} [[Sani Shuwaram]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web |date=20 March 2022 |title=Air force allegedly kill ISWAP leader, Sani Shuwaram, others |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/air-force-allegedly-kill-iswap-leader-sani-shuwaram-others/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128163320/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/air-force-allegedly-kill-iswap-leader-sani-shuwaram-others/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Islamic State}} Ba Idrisa{{MIA}}{{sfnp|Zenn|2020|pp=6–7}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/isis-backed-boko-haram-faction-may-have-new-chief-20190306 |title=ISIS-backed Boko Haram faction may have new chief |author=AFP |work=News24 |date=6 March 2019 |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306100145/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/isis-backed-boko-haram-faction-may-have-new-chief-20190306 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><br>{{flagdeco|Islamic State}} Bo Lawan ("Lawan Abubakar"){{sfnp|Zenn|2020|pp=6–7}}<br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Huozaifah Ibn Sadiq<ref name="Jihadist Leaders Sept 2021">{{cite web|url= https://dailypost.ng/2021/09/21/boko-haram-appoints-deputy-leader-as-iswap-redeploys-commanders/|title=Boko Haram appoints deputy leader as ISWAP redeploys commanders|date= 21 September 2021|work= DailyPost.ng}}</ref><br/>{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} Ba’ana Gana {{Executed}} <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210807121945/https://www.reubenabati.com.ng/index.php/component/k2/item/16860-chaos-as-boko-haram-iswap-executes-its-own-governor-of-lake-chad-in-power-struggle</ref> | commander3 = '''Boko Haram:'''<br>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]]{{Executed}}<br/>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Abubakar Shekau]]{{KIA}}<ref name="sahara">{{cite web |url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/06/15/abubakar-shekaus-boko-haram-faction-confirms-death-leader-issues-fresh-threats |title= Abubakar Shekau's Boko Haram Faction Confirms Death Of Leader, Issues Fresh Threats |work=Sahara Reporters |date=15 June 2021 |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Bakura Doro]]<br/>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} Hassan Buduma<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2025/11/09/boko-haram-iswap-in-fierce-battle-for-control-of-bornos-lake-chad-islands/</ref><br/>{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} Mohd Hassan<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2025/11/09/boko-haram-iswap-in-fierce-battle-for-control-of-bornos-lake-chad-islands/</ref> | strength1 = [[Nigerian Army]]:<br>130,000 jagunjagun;<br>32,000 àwọn tí wọ́n wà nílé (reserve)<br>[[Nigeria Police Force]]: 371,800<br>[[Multinational Joint Task Force|MNJTF]]: 7,500<ref name="Medium"/><br>(láì ka [[Cameroon]] àti [[Nigeria]] sí){{pb}}[[Cameroonian Armed Forces]]:<br>20,000 jagunjagun<br>300 àwọn olùdámọ̀ràn U.S.<ref name="US1"/><ref name="US2"/><hr />Àwọn ẹ̀ṣọ́ ológun abẹ́lé: Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún{{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=i, ii}} | strength2 = Ò ń yípadà; láti ẹgbẹ̀rún díẹ̀ sí ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún{{efn|The number of Boko Haram fighters in 2014 was heavily disputed and varied greatly according to different sources: The U.S. Department of State argued that the group had "hundreds to a few thousand" troops, whereas the Cameroonian Ministry of Defense stated that there were 15,000 to 20,000 Boko Haram militants. A Nigerian journalist even suggested that the group had up to 50,000 followers. Analysts Jason Warner and Charlotte Hulme discounted the higher estimates as "verg[ing] on the ludicrous".{{sfnp|Warner|Hulme|2018|p=22}} By 2015, 4,000 to 10,000 rebels were believed to be active.{{sfnp|Warner|Hulme|2018|p=23}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/how-big-is-boko-haram-fac21c25807 |title=How Big Is Boko Haram? |date=2 February 2015 |access-date=2 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203100718/https://medium.com/war-is-boring/how-big-is-boko-haram-fac21c25807 |archive-date=3 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><br/>In 2017, ISWAP (the Barnawi faction) was believed to have 5,000 fighters, whereas Shekau's group counted just 1,000 militants.{{sfnp|Warner|Hulme|2018|p=23}} In 2018, ISWAP had shrunk to 3,000,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/islamic-militants-deadly-resurgence-threatens-nigeria-polls/4783121.html |title=Islamic Militants' Deadly Resurgence Threatens Nigeria Polls |agency=Associated Press |work=Voice of America |date=12 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004549/https://www.voanews.com/a/islamic-militants-deadly-resurgence-threatens-nigeria-polls/4783121.html |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> while the Shekau faction was still estimated at 1,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://africanarguments.org/2018/12/10/boko-haram-notorious-leader-shekau-return-from-dead-again/ |title=Is Boko Haram's notorious leader about to return from the dead again? |author=Jacob Zenn |work=African Arguments |date=10 December 2018 |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305150010/https://africanarguments.org/2018/12/10/boko-haram-notorious-leader-shekau-return-from-dead-again/ |archive-date=5 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> By 2019, ISWAP had grown to 5,000–18,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/down-still-threat-many-countries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210195355/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/down-still-threat-many-countries |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 December 2019 |title=IS Down But Still a Threat in Many Countries |work=Voice of America |date=24 April 2019 |access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref> }} | casualties1 = Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ti kú | casualties2 = Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ti kú, wọ́n mú wọn, tàbí wọ́n juwọ́ sílẹ̀<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29352927|title=Boko Haram 'fighters' surrender as alleged chief killed|publisher=BBC|date=25 September 2014|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925041406/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29352927|archive-date=25 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/nigerian-military-claims-surrender-200-boko-haram-fighters-145614297.html?ref=gs|title=Nigerian military claims surrender of 200 Boko Haram fighters|publisher=Yahoo|date=25 September 2015|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811211646/https://www.yahoo.com/news/nigerian-military-claims-surrender-200-boko-haram-fighters-145614297.html?ref=gs|archive-date=11 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/76-starving-boko-haram-members-surrender-to-nigerian-military/|title=76 starving Boko Haram members surrender to Nigerian military|publisher=Fox News|date=2 March 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525064929/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/03/02/76-hungry-boko-haram-members-surrender-to-nigerian-military.html|archive-date=25 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/09/300-boko-haram-members-surrender-cameroon/|title=300 Boko Haram members surrender in Cameroon|publisher=Vanguard|date=28 September 2014|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818081457/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/09/300-boko-haram-members-surrender-cameroon/|archive-date=18 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/800-boko-haram-militants-surrender-to-nigerian-military-general-claims-a6972496.html|title=800 Boko Haram militants surrender to Nigeria, General claims|work=The Independent|date=7 April 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012032311/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/800-boko-haram-militants-surrender-to-nigerian-military-general-claims-a6972496.html|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/204498-nigerian-troops-rescue-157-captives-77-boko-haram-members-surrender.html|title=Nigerian troops 'rescue 157 captives as 77 Boko Haram members surrender'|work=Premium Times|date=1 June 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607003314/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/204498-nigerian-troops-rescue-157-captives-77-boko-haram-members-surrender.html|archive-date=7 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | casualties4 = 350,000 ikú lapapọ̀<ref name="Reuters_350">[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/northeast-nigeria-insurgency-has-killed-almost-350000-un-2021-06-24/ Northeast Nigeria insurgency has killed almost 350,000 – UN], Reuters, 24 June 2021</ref><br>2,400,000 [[Internally displaced person|sá kúrò nílé]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-5-data-1997-2014/|title=ACLED Version 5 (1997–2014)|publisher=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project|access-date=13 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113024248/http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-5-data-1997-2014/|archive-date=13 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internal-displacement.org/sub-saharan-africa/nigeria/figures-analysis|title=Nigeria IDP Figures Analysis|access-date=24 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114202/http://www.internal-displacement.org/sub-saharan-africa/nigeria/figures-analysis|archive-date=30 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.int/news/iom-highlights-humanitarian-needs-24-million-displaced-northeast-nigeria|title=IOM Highlights Humanitarian Needs of 2.4 Million Displaced in Northeast Nigeria|work=International Organisation of Migration|access-date=13 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116144121/http://www.iom.int/news/iom-highlights-humanitarian-needs-24-million-displaced-northeast-nigeria|archive-date=16 January 2017|url-status=live|date=15 April 2016}}</ref> | units2 = {{tree list}} * '''{{flag|Islamic State}}''' ** {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Boko Haram]]{{efn|[[Islamic State|IS]] Province from 2015{{endash}}2016<ref name="Britannica2">{{cite web |title=Boko Haram Nigerian Islamic group |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boko-Haram |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Britannica}}</ref><ref name="too-much-2017-283-4">{{cite journal |last1=Zenna |first1=Jacob |last2=Pierib |first2=Zacharias |date=Summer 2017 |title=How much Takfir is too much Takfir? The Evolution of Boko Haram's Factionalization. |url=https://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/download/107/90 |journal=Journal for Deradicalization |issue=11 |pages=283–4 |issn=2363-9849 |access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="BokoHaramIS"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2015 |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31784538 |access-date=7 March 2015 |website=BBC News}}</ref>}} ** {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|ISWAP]]{{efn|from 2016, originally Barnawi faction of Boko Haram<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2016/08/shekau-resurfaces-accuses-new-boko-haram-leader-al-barnawi-of-attempted-coup/ |title=Shekau Resurfaces, Accuses New Boko Haram Leader al-Barnawi of Attempted Coup |work=360nobs |date=4 August 2016 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717012857/https://www.360nobs.com/2016/08/shekau-resurfaces-accuses-new-boko-haram-leader-al-barnawi-of-attempted-coup/ |archive-date=17 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dialogue End"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-26/nigeria-turns-to-dialogue-to-end-nine-year-islamist-insurgency |title=Nigeria Turns to Dialogue to End 9-Year Islamist Insurgency |author=Yinka Ibukun |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=26 March 2018 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408055700/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-26/nigeria-turns-to-dialogue-to-end-nine-year-islamist-insurgency |archive-date=8 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} *** Hizbah police<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210807121945/https://www.reubenabati.com.ng/index.php/component/k2/item/16860-chaos-as-boko-haram-iswap-executes-its-own-governor-of-lake-chad-in-power-struggle</ref> ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Lake Chad Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/> ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Sambisa Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/> ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Al Farouq Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/> ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Kerenoa Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/> ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Banki Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/> ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|"Central Nigeria" cell]]<ref name="human081222">{{cite news |author=Murtala Abdullahi |date=8 December 2022 |title=ISWAP's Pledge To New ISIS Leader Shows Transformation |url=https://humanglemedia.com/iswaps-pledge-to-new-isis-leader-shows-transformation/ |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=Humangle |archivedate=10 January 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110140106/https://humanglemedia.com/iswaps-pledge-to-new-isis-leader-shows-transformation/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ** {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State – Sahel Province|ISSP]] *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Lakurawa]] (2023{{endash}}di òní)<ref>{{cite news|title=Everything We Know About Lakurawa, the New Terrorist Group in Nigeria|url=https://www.zikoko.com/citizen/everything-we-know-about-lakurawa-the-new-terror-group-in-nigeria/|date=9 November 2024}}</ref> ---- * '''{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]]'''{{sfn|ICG|2014|pp=22–24, 27}} ** {{flagdeco|ISIS}} [[Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin|JNIM]] (2025{{endash}}di òní) *** Nigerian Brigade<ref>https://emergencydigest.com/2025/10/31/qaeda-affiliate-jnim-claims/</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Ansaru.svg}} [[Ansaru]] (2012{{endash}}di òní){{efn|name=Ansaru|The exact origin of Ansaru is unclear, but it had already existed as Boko Haram faction{{sfn|ICG|2014|p=26}} before officially announcing its foundation as separate group on 1 January 2012.{{sfn|ICG|2014|p=26}}<ref name="Raghavan">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-islamist-militants-return-from-mali-with-weapons-skills/2013/05/31/d377579e-c628-11e2-9cd9-3b9a22a4000a_story.html |title=Nigerian Islamist militants return from Mali with weapons, skills |author=Sudarsan Raghavan |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=31 May 2013 |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229235601/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-islamist-militants-return-from-mali-with-weapons-skills/2013/05/31/d377579e-c628-11e2-9cd9-3b9a22a4000a_story.html |archive-date=29 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerian-hostage-deaths-british-hostage-1754571 |title=Nigerian hostage deaths: British hostage executed in error |author=Steve White |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=13 March 2013 |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217195404/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerian-hostage-deaths-british-hostage-1754571 |archive-date=17 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The group had no known military presence in Nigeria from 2015, but several of its members appear to be still active. The group appear allied with rag-tag factions in the [[Nigerian bandit conflict]] and were recently behind the [[Abuja–Kaduna train attack]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://jamestown.org/program/electronic-jihad-nigeria-boko-haram-using-social-media/ |title=Electronic Jihad in Nigeria: How Boko Haram Is Using Social Media |author=Jacob Zenn |work=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |date=9 December 2017 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716225757/https://jamestown.org/program/electronic-jihad-nigeria-boko-haram-using-social-media/ |archive-date=16 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} {{tree list/end}} | units3 = {{tree list}} * {{flagicon|Islamic State}}{{flagicon image|Variant_flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} '''[[Territory of Boko Haram|Daular Musulunci]]''' ** {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Boko Haram]] (2009{{endash}}2015, 2016{{endash}}di òní){{efn|name=factions|Following [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]]'s death, Boko Haram splintered into numerous factions which no longer operated under a unified leadership. Though Abubakar Shekau eventually became the preeminent commander of the movement, he never really controlled all Boko Haram groups. Instead, the factions were loosely allied, but also occasionally clashed with each other.{{sfnp|TRADOC G-2|2015|pp=4, 19}}{{sfn|ICG|2014|pp=ii, 22, 26, 27}} This situation changed in 2015 when Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIL.<ref name="Province vs Shekau"/><ref name="Boko Haram joins ISIL"/> The leadership of ISIL eventually decided to replace Shekau as a local commander with Yusuf's son [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]], whereupon the movement split completely. Shekau no longer recognized the authority of ISIL's central command, and his loyalists started to openly fight the followers of al-Barnawi.<ref name="Province vs Shekau"/> Regardless, Shekau did never officially renounce his pledge of allegiance to ISIL as a whole; his forces are thus occasionally regarded as "second branch of ISWAP". Overall, the relation of Shekau with ISIL remains confused and ambiguous. In the [[Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)|Battle of Sambisa Forest]] of 2021 ISWAP fighters killed Shekau and al-Barnawi nominally remains head of ISWAP{{sfnp|Warner|Hulme|2018|p=22}}}} ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Abubakar Shekau|Ẹgbẹ́ Shekau]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Behind Boko Haram's Split: A Leader Too Radical for Islamic State|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-boko-haram-s-split-a-leader-too-radical-for-islamic-state-1473931827|access-date=2 October 2016|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201207063709/https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-boko-haram-s-split-a-leader-too-radical-for-islamic-state-1473931827 |archive-date=7 December 2020|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/boko-haram-split-two-deadly-forces/3970425.html |title=Boko Haram Split Creates Two Deadly Forces |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=2 August 2017 |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803131158/https://www.voanews.com/a/boko-haram-split-two-deadly-forces/3970425.html |archive-date=3 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} Njimiya camp dissidents{{efn|'''Njimiya camp dissidents''' was a faction of Boko Haram led by four commanders of the Njimiya camp, that rebelled and waged a low-level anti-ISIS guerrilla campaign in Sambisa Forest following the [[Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)|Battle of Sambisa in 2022]]. The dissidents eventually surrendered to security forces in December 2022, having been defeated by the Islamic State.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/12/17/four-boko-haram-commanders-surrender-nigerian-army-borno-after-years-sambisa-forest |title=Four Boko Haram Commanders Surrender To Nigerian Army In Borno After Years In Sambisa Forest |work=Sahara Reporters |date=17 December 2022 |access-date=10 January 2023 }}</ref>}} ***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} Several minor factions{{sfnp|TRADOC G-2|2015|pp=4, 19}} {{tree list/end}} | units1 = {{tree list}} * '''{{flag|Nigeria}} àti àwọn alájọṣepọ̀''' ** [[Multinational Joint Task Force]]<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref> ** [[Civilian Joint Task Force]] *** Àwọn ẹ̀ṣọ́ ológun abẹ́lé (Local militias and vigilantes)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/vigilantes-settle-local-scores-with-boko-haram/2644375.html|title=Vigilantes Settle Local Scores With Boko Haram|work=Voice of America|date=15 February 2015|access-date=15 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215195504/http://www.voanews.com/media/video/vigilantes-settle-local-scores-with-boko-haram/2644375.html|archive-date=15 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=i, 4–8}}{{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=5, 6}}{{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=i, 3, 7}} {{sfnp|ICG|2018|p=3}} **** ''Comités de vigilance'' (Chad, Cameroon){{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=i, 3, 7}} **** ''Dan banga'' (Niger){{sfnp|ICG|2018|p=3}} ** [[Mercenary|Àwọn jagunjagun gbowó-ṣiṣẹ́]]<ref name="mercenaries">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/world/africa/nigerias-fight-against-boko-haram-gets-help-from-south-african-mercenaries.html |title=Mercenaries Join Nigeria's Military Campaign Against Boko Haram |author=Adama Nossiter |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=12 March 2015 |access-date=16 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315043241/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/world/africa/nigerias-fight-against-boko-haram-gets-help-from-south-african-mercenaries.html |archive-date=15 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11596210/South-African-mercenaries-secret-war-on-Boko-Haram.html |title=South African mercenaries' secret war on Boko Haram |author=Colin Freeman |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=10 May 2015 |access-date=17 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318204757/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11596210/South-African-mercenaries-secret-war-on-Boko-Haram.html |archive-date=18 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sultan Murad Brigade.png}} [[Sultan Murad Division]] (láti 2024)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240516-pro-turkey-syria-mercenaries-head-to-niger-to-earn-cash|title=Pro-Turkey Syria mercenaries head to Niger to earn cash|work=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=16 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="niger">{{cite news |title=After Libya and Azerbaijan. Turkey leads a new "mercenary" campaign for Syrians in an African country in exchange for great financial temptations |url=https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%a3%d8%b0%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7/700222/ |access-date=27 January 2024 |publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |date=27 January 2024 |language=Arabic}}</ref> *** [[STTEP]]<ref name="South African">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11596210/South-African-mercenaries-secret-war-on-Boko-Haram.html |title=South African mercenaries' secret war on Boko Haram |author=Colin Freeman |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=10 May 2015 |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="mercenaries"/> {{tree list/end}} }} {{Campaignbox Nigerian Sharia conflict}} {{Campaignbox Boko Haram insurgency}} '''Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram''' bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Oṣù Keje 2009,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Act of insurgency is unislamic, says Sultan – P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/09/24/act-of-insurgency-is-unislamic-says-sultan/|access-date=2021-10-27|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="BBC_who">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13809501|title=Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamists?|work=BBC News|date=17 June 2011 |access-date=20 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606043351/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13809501|archive-date=6 June 2018|url-status=live|language=en-gb}}</ref> nígbà tí ẹgbẹ́ [[militant]] [[Islamism|Islamist]] àti [[Jihadism|jihadist]] tí ó jẹ́ [[List of rebel groups that control territory|ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀]], ìyẹn [[Boko Haram]], bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[rebellion|ìṣọ̀tẹ̀]] ológun lòdì sí [[government of Nigeria|Ìjọba Nàìjíríà]].<ref name="Dowd 2015"/><ref name="Nossiter">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/28/world/africa/28nigeria.html?_r=0 |title=Scores Die as Fighters Battle Nigerian Police |author=Adama Nossiter |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=27 July 2009 |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907144601/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/28/world/africa/28nigeria.html?_r=0 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rògbòdìyàn náà ń wáyé lábẹ́ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó ti pẹ́ nípa [[Religious violence in Nigeria|ìjà ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà]] láàrin àwọn [[Islam in Nigeria|Mùsùlùmí]] àti [[Christianity in Nigeria|Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì]] ní [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]], tí èròńgbà pàtàkì àwọn [[insurgent|ọlọ̀tẹ̀]] náà sì jẹ́ láti dá [[Islamic state|Ìjọba Ìsìláámù]] sílẹ̀ ní agbègbè náà.<ref name="BBC_who" /> Ìgbìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ [[2009 Boko Haram uprising|Boko Haram ní 2009]] kùnà, wọ́n sì pa aṣíwájú wọn [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]] lábẹ́ àṣẹ ìjọba Nàìjíríà.<ref name="ju">{{cite web|date=2016-02-04|title=Join us or die: the birth of Boko Haram|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/04/join-us-or-die-birth-of-boko-haram|access-date=2021-06-05|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Ó dá ẹgbẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2002, pẹ̀lú èrò láti kọ ẹ̀kọ́ òyìnbó (western education) pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀.<ref name="m.guardian.ng">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-31 |title=Lessons learned, missed in Yusuf's death nine years after |url=https://m.guardian.ng/features/lessons-learned-missed-in-yusufs-death-nine-years-after/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ náà wá pín sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpín kékeré tí wọ́n dá dúró, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìṣọ̀tẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé aṣíwájú ọlọ̀tẹ̀ [[Abubakar Shekau]] ṣàṣeyọrí láti di olórí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó dojúkọ ìpèníjà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn abẹ́nú rẹ̀, bí i ẹ̀ka [[Salafi jihadism|Salafist]] ti Abu Usmatul al-Ansari àti ẹ̀ka [[Ansaru]], Shekau di olórí ''de facto'' ti ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà, ó sì rí i dájú pé àwọn ẹ̀ka Boko Haram kò bá ara wọn jà, dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n dojúkọ bí wọ́n ṣe máa bi ìjọba Nàìjíríà ṣubú.<ref name="in">{{cite news|date=2018-07-16|title=Boko Haram in Nigeria: Split emerges over leadership|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36973354|access-date=2021-06-05}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn àwọn àjọ jihadist mìíràn bí i [[al-Qaeda]] àti [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]], ọgbọ́n ogun Shekau kún fún ìwà ìkà tó burú jáì àti ìkọlù tààrà sí àwọn [[civilian|aralú]].<ref name="m.guardian.ng"/> Lẹ́yìn ọdún púpọ̀ ti ìjà, àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà wá di oníjàgídíjagan sí i, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àwọn agbègbè ńlá ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Rògbòdìyàn náà pọ̀ sí i ní ọdún 2014 pẹ̀lú ikú 10,849, nígbà tí Boko Haram fẹ̀ agbègbè wọn sí i gidigidi.<ref name="NST">{{cite web|title=Nigeria Security Tracker|url=http://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigeria-security-tracker/p29483|website=Council on Foreign Relations|author=John Campbell|access-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110011423/http://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigeria-security-tracker/p29483|archive-date=10 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram's four-year reign of terror|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/boko-haram-nigeria-schoolgirls-kidnapping-killed-graphic|access-date=2 June 2014|publisher=Channel 4 News|date=8 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606205214/http://www.channel4.com/news/boko-haram-nigeria-schoolgirls-kidnapping-killed-graphic|archive-date=6 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/boko-harams-bloodiest-year-yet-over-9000-killed-1-5-million-displaced-800-schools-destroyed-in-2014-131864/|title=Boko Haram's Bloodiest Year Yet: Over 9,000 Killed, 1.5 Million Displaced, 800 Schools Destroyed in 2014|work=Christian Post|date=30 December 2014 |access-date=10 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108104356/http://www.christianpost.com/news/boko-harams-bloodiest-year-yet-over-9000-killed-1-5-million-displaced-800-schools-destroyed-in-2014-131864/|archive-date=8 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/05/boko-haram-key-military-base-nigeria-chad-border|title=Thousands flee as Boko Haram seizes military base on Nigeria border|author=Monica Mark|newspaper=the Guardian|access-date=10 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111004908/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/05/boko-haram-key-military-base-nigeria-chad-border|archive-date=11 January 2015|url-status=live|date=6 January 2015}}</ref> Ní àkókò kan náà, ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà tàn dé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò bí i [[Cameroon]], [[Chad]], [[Mali]], àti [[Niger]], èyí tí ó sọ ọ́ di rògbòdìyàn ńlá ní [[Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref name="CTC 2021"/><ref name="Dowd 2015"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Cameroon: Boko Haram Attacks Escalate in Far North|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/04/05/cameroon-boko-haram-attacks-escalate-far-north|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Human Rights Watch|date=5 April 2021|language=en}}</ref> Nígbà yìí, Shekau gbìyànjú láti mú àjọṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn jihadist kárí-ayé sunwọ̀n sí i nípa sísopọ̀ mọ́ [[Islamic State]] ní Oṣù Kẹta 2015, níbi tí Boko Haram ti yí orúkọ padà sí "[[Islamic State's West Africa Province]]" (ISWAP).<ref name="CTC 2021"/> Wọ́n lé àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà padà lásìkò [[2015 West African offensive|ìkọlù Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfríkà ti 2015]] láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí Nàìjíríà darí pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfríkà àti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ayé, èyí tí ó fipá mú àwọn jàǹdùkú náà sá padà sínú [[Igbo Sambisa]] àti àwọn ibùdó ní [[Lake Chad|Adágún Chad]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} Ìbínú sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wáyé láàrin Boko Haram. Àwọn aṣòdì nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà darapọ̀ mọ́ olú-ile-iṣẹ́ IS, wọ́n sì tako ìdarí Shekau, èyí tí ó fa ìpínyà líle nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà. Láti ìgbà náà, wọ́n ń pe ẹgbẹ́ Shekau ní "Boko Haram", nígbà tí àwọn aṣòdì ń bá iṣẹ́ lọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|ISWAP]] lábẹ́ [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]]. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì wá ń bá ara wọn jà nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń bá ìjọba àbúlé jà. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà díẹ̀, Boko Haram àti ISWAP bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọlù tuntun ní 2018 àti 2019, wọ́n sì tún di alágbára sí i.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ADF |date=2023-03-14 |title=Boko Haram, ISWAP Turn on One Another as Security Forces Make Gains |url=https://adf-magazine.com/2023/03/boko-haram-iswap-turn-on-one-another-as-security-forces-make-gains/ |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=Africa Defense Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Nígbà tí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram wà ní gogoro ní àárín ọdún 2010, òun ni [[terrorist organization|ẹgbẹ́ ìpániláyà]] tí ó léwu jùlọ lágbàáyé ní ti iye àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n pa.<ref name="BBCDefeated"/><ref name="ITI">{{cite news|last1=Pisa|first1=Katie|last2=Hume|first2=Tim|title=Boko Haram overtakes ISIS as world's deadliest terror group, report says|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/17/world/global-terror-report/|access-date=23 March 2016|publisher=CNN|date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406143919/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/17/world/global-terror-report/|archive-date=6 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IEP">{{cite web|title=Global Terrorism Index 2015|url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|publisher=Institute for Economics and Peace|access-date=23 March 2016|page=41|date=November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411115536/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|archive-date=11 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Nínú ìgbìyànjú láti rí i dájú pé ìjíròrò wà láàrin ìjọba àti ẹgbẹ́ náà, [[Presidency of Goodluck Jonathan|ìjọba Ààrẹ Jonathan]] ṣètò ìgbìmọ̀ kan láti fún Boko Haram ní ìdáríjì.<ref>{{cite web|date=2013-04-04|title=BOKO HARAM: Jonathan sets up Amnesty committee|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/boko-haram-jonathan-sets-up-amnesty-committee/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Vanguard News|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Could offering an amnesty to Boko Haram stop violence in Nigeria?|url=https://www.peaceinsight.org/en/articles/amnesty-boko-haram-nigeria/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Peace Insight|language=en}}</ref> Díẹ̀ nínú àwọn kúlẹ̀kúlẹ̀ ìdáríjì náà pẹ̀lú fífi [[pardon|ìdáríjì]] fún àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram àti fífetísílẹ̀ sí onírúurú [[ethnic groups in Nigeria|ẹ̀yà ní Nàìjíríà]] lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú èrò láti fòpin sí ìwà ipá. Ẹgbẹ́ náà kọ̀ ìdáríjì yìí nínú ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ tí aṣíwájú wọn firánṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé wọ́n ń jà láti dá ìjọba Ìsìláámù sílẹ̀ ní àríwá Nàìjíríà tí Mùsùlùmí pọ̀ sí, àti pé ìjọba ló ń ṣe ìwà ìkà sí àwọn Mùsùlùmí.<ref>{{cite news|date=2013-04-11|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram rejects Jonathan's amnesty idea|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-22105476|access-date=2021-06-05}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 2021, ISWAP [[Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)|ṣe ìkọlù sí Boko Haram ní Igbo Sambisa]], wọ́n sì ṣẹ́gun wọn, wọ́n sì pa olórí Boko Haram, Shekau, nígbà tí ìjà náà ń lọ lọ́wọ́; ìròyìn sọ pé ó lo bọ́ǹbù ara-ẹni (suicide vest).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Burke |first1=Jason |last2=Akinwotu |first2=Emmanuel |date=2021-05-20 |title=Boko Haram leader tried to kill himself during clash with rivals, officials claim |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/20/boko-haram-leader-abubakar-shekau-nigeria-forest |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ, [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]], ẹni tíí ṣe aṣíwájú ISWAP, náà kú.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Maclean |first1=Ruth |last2=Alfa |first2=Ismail |date=2021-10-15 |title=Key Leader of West African Terrorist Group Is Dead, Nigerian Army Says |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/15/world/africa/nigeria-islamic-state-abu-musab-al-barnawi-dead.html |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ikú Shekau, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram ló juwọ́ sílẹ̀, nígbà tí àwọn mìíràn darapọ̀ mọ́ ISWAP. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àwọn Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ológun Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ, ní ọjọ́ 5 Oṣù Kẹrin 2022, àpapọ̀ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ 51,114 àti àwọn ẹbí wọn, tí ó pẹ̀lú ọkùnrin 11,398, obìnrin 15,381, àti ọmọdé 24,335 ló ti juwọ́ sílẹ̀. Iye yìí ti gòkè sí púpọ̀ ju 100,000 lọ ní Oṣù Keje 2023.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eight Boko Haram fighters surrender to Nigerian troops|date= 14 July 2023|url=https://guardian.ng/news/eight-boko-haram-fighters-surrender-to-nigerian-troops/}}</ref> Aṣíwájú ẹgbẹ́ Joint Task Force sọ pé òun ní ìrètí pé rògbòdìyàn Boko Haram yóò parí láìpẹ́, nígbà tí ó gba àwọn ọmọ-ogun níyànjú láti má ṣe sinmi tàbí fún àwọn jàǹdùkú náà láyè láti tún ara wọn tò, ó ní, "A ti fẹ́rẹ̀ dé ibẹ̀, nítorí náà ẹ jẹ́ kí a máa tẹ̀ síwájú."<ref>{{cite news|title=8 Boko Haram Fighters Surrendered To Troops|date=14 July 2023|url=https://dailytrust.com/8-boko-haram-fighters-surrendered-to-troops/|access-date=28 December 2025|archivedate=19 November 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119103054/https://dailytrust.com/8-boko-haram-fighters-surrendered-to-troops/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == Ìtàn == {{Jihadism sidebar}} === Ìdásílẹ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà === Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pa àwọn agbègbè Àríwá àti Gúúsù pọ̀ ní ọdún 1914, ní nǹkan bí ẹ̀wádún kan lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun [[Sokoto Caliphate]] àti àwọn ilẹ̀ ọba Ìsìláámù mìíràn tí wọ́n wá di [[Northern Nigeria|Àríwá Nàìjíríà]] lábẹ́ ìjọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Sir Frederick Lugard bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí gómìnà àwọn agbègbè méjèèjì ní 1912. Lẹ́yìn [[First World War|Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní]], Jẹ́mánì pàdánù [[list of former German colonies|àwọn ilẹ̀ amúnisìn rẹ̀]], èyí tí ọ̀kan nínú wọn jẹ́ Cameroon, sí ọwọ́ àwọn aláṣẹ Faransé, Belgium, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Wọ́n pín Cameroon sí [[French Cameroon|apá ti Faransé]] àti [[British Cameroon|apá ti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]]. Apá ti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì yìí tún pín sí [[Southern Cameroons|Gúúsù]] àti [[Northern Cameroons|Àríwá]]. Lẹ́yìn [[plebiscite|ìdìbò]] kan ní 1961, [[Southern Cameroons]] yàn láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Cameroon ti Faransé, nígbà tí [[Northern Cameroons]] yàn láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Nàìjíríà, ìgbésẹ̀ kan tí ó tún jẹ́ kí iye àwọn Mùsùlùmí ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meredith|first1=Martin|author-link=Martin Meredith|title=The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence|publisher=The Free Press|page=197|chapter=11. A House Divided|title-link=The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence}}</ref> Agbègbè yìí ló para pọ̀ di apá púpọ̀ nínú Àríwá-Ìlà-Oòrùn Nàìjíríà, àti apá púpọ̀ nínú àwọn agbègbè tí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà ti wáyé. === Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ rògbòdìyàn ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà === {{main|Rògbòdìyàn ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà}} Rògbòdìyàn ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà ti wà [[Kano riot of 1953|láti ọdún 1953]], àti nínú ọ̀rọ̀ ti ìlú [[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]], láti ọdún 1948.<ref>{{cite web |last=Augustine adah |date=2013-07-23 |title=Will relocation of Tafawa Balewa LG headquarters guarantee peace? |url=http://www.hallmarknews.com/relocation-tafawa-balewa-lg-headquarters-guarantee-peace/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140621124351/http://www.hallmarknews.com/relocation-tafawa-balewa-lg-headquarters-guarantee-peace/ |archive-date=2014-06-21 |access-date=2014-06-21 |work=Hallmark}}</ref> [[1966 anti-Igbo pogrom|Ìpakúpa àwọn Igbo ti ọdún 1966]] ní Àríwá tí ó tẹ̀lé [[Nigerian counter-coup of 1966|ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba-padà ti ọdún náà]] ní àwọn okùnfà méjì: [[1966 Nigerian coup d'etat|ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba àwọn ọ̀gágun Igbo]] àti aáwọ̀ ẹ̀sìn/ẹ̀yà tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ láàrin àwọn Igbo àti àwọn Mùsùlùmí agbègbè náà. Èyí jẹ́ kókó pàtàkì nínú [[Biafran secession|ìyapa Biafra]] àti [[Nigerian Civil War|Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà]] tí ó tẹ̀lé e. === Maitatsine === {{main|Maitatsine|Yan Tatsine}} Ní òpin àwọn ọdún 1970 sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1980, ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Ìsìláámù kan wáyé lábẹ́ ìdarí [[Maitatsine]] (Mohammed Marwa) àti àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀, [[Yan Tatsine]], èyí tí ó fa ikú ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn. Lẹ́yìn ikú Maitatsine ní 1980, ẹgbẹ́ náà tẹ̀síwájú fún nǹkan bí ọdún márùn-ún mìíràn. Ní ẹ̀wádún kan náà, olórí ìjọba ológun Nàìjíríà nígbà náà, Ọ̀gágun [[Ibrahim Babangida]] forúkọ Nàìjíríà sílẹ̀ nínú [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Àjọ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè Oní-Ìsìláámù (OIC)]]. Èyí jẹ́ ìgbésẹ̀ kan tí ó dá wàhálà ẹ̀sìn sílẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà, pàápàá jùlọ láàrin àwọn Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì.<ref>Holman, Michael (24 February 1986) "Nigeria, Politics; Religious Differences Intensify", ''Financial Times'',</ref> Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, díẹ̀ nínú àwọn Mùsùlùmí tọ́ka sí i pé [[Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation#Member states|àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfríkà mìíràn]] tí wọn kò ní Mùsùlùmí tó ti Nàìjíríà wà nínú àjọ náà, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni Nàìjíríà náà ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Holy See]] (Vatican). === Ìdásílẹ̀ òfin Sharia === {{See also|Sharia ní Nàìjíríà}} [[File:Use of Sharia in Nigeria.svg|300px|thumb|Ipò tí òfin Sharia wà ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Nàìjíríà (ní 2013):<ref name="Ostien575">Ostien & Dekker, 575 (25)</ref> {{legend|#706EA4|Sharia ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní kíkún, pẹ̀lú òfin ìwà-ọ̀daràn}} {{legend|#F6DD4F|Sharia wà fún ọ̀rọ̀ ara-ẹni nìkan}} {{legend|#179C86|Kò sí Sharia}}]] [[File:Boko Haram in Lake Chad Region.png|thumb|Boko Haram ní Agbègbè Adágún Chad, ní ọjọ́ 14 Oṣù Kẹta 2015]] Látìgbà tí ìjọba tiwantiwa ti padà dé sí [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún 1999, wọ́n ti gbé òfin [[Sharia]] kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara òfin ìlú àti òfin ìwà-ọ̀daràn ní àwọn [[states of Nigeria|ìpínlẹ̀]] 9 tí Mùsùlùmí ti pọ̀ jùlọ àti ní díẹ̀ nínú àwọn agbègbè ní ìpínlẹ̀ 3 tí Mùsùlùmí pọ̀ sí. Èyí bẹ̀rẹ̀ nígbà tí gómìnà [[Zamfara State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara]] nígbà náà, [[Ahmad Rufai Sani]]<ref name=BBC_sharia/> bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìpolongo fún ìmúlo Sharia ní ìpele ìpínlẹ̀. Èyí fa aáwọ̀ nípa ipò tí àwọn tí kì í ṣe Mùsùlùmí yóò wà lábẹ́ òfin Sharia. Ìjà láàrin Mùsùlùmí àti Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wáyé lẹ́yìn náà. Ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Àríwá Nàìjíríà tí Ìsìláámù ti gbilẹ̀, oríṣiríṣi àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Mùsùlùmí àti àwọn ènìyàn ló wà tí wọ́n fẹ́ kí [[Sharia|Òfin Sharia]] wà ní gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/courseware/religion/RIS%20128.pdf |title=Course Lecture: Muslim Groups in Nigeria |work=Unilorin |access-date=7 June 2014 |author=Olawale, Abdul-Gafar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170237/https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/courseware/religion/RIS%20128.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà ti gbọ́ tẹnu àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí ní ìpínlẹ̀ méjìlá, èyí tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara ní 1999. Àwọn ènìyàn gbàgbọ́ pé ìtẹnumọ́ gómìnà [[Zamfara State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara]], [[Ahmad Rufai Sani]] ló mú kí èyí ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref name=BBC_sharia>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1885052.stm |title=Nigerian Sharia architect defends law |work=BBC |date=20 May 2014 |access-date=7 June 2014 |author1=Jonah, Adamu |author2=Igboeroteonwu, Anamesere |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103115858/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1885052.stm |archive-date=3 January 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ìdájọ́ ikú tí wọ́n fún [[Amina Lawal]] àti [[Safiya Hussaini]] fa kí àgbáyé kíjiyè sí ohun tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ kà sí òfin líle. Wọ́n wá fagi lé àwọn ìdájọ́ náà;<ref name="HRW 2002">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2002/01/08/nigeria-first-execution-under-sharia-condemned |title=Nigeria: First Execution under Sharia Condemned |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=8 January 2002 |access-date=7 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808140307/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2002/01/08/nigeria-first-execution-under-sharia-condemned |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ìdájọ́ ikú àkọ́kọ́ wáyé ní ọdún 2002.<ref name="HRW 2002"/> ==== Ọ̀rọ̀-òdì àti ìyípadà-ẹ̀sìn ==== {{main|Òfin ọ̀rọ̀-òdì ní Nàìjíríà}} Méjìlá nínú àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́rìndínlógójì tí Nàìjíríà ní ni [[Sunni Islam]] ti jẹ́ ẹ̀sìn tí ó gbilẹ̀ jùlọ. Ní 1999, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ wọ̀nyí yàn láti ní ilé-ẹjọ́ Sharia pẹ̀lú ilé-ẹjọ́ àbáláyé tí wọ́n ní tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="IRF2008">{{cite web|title=Nigeria: International Religious Freedom Report 2008|publisher=U.S. Department of State|year=2008|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108385.htm|access-date=2 August 2009}}</ref> Ilé-ẹjọ́ Sharia lè ka ọ̀rọ̀-òdì (blasphemy) sí ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí ó tó fún onírúurú ìjìyà títí dé ikú.<ref>Amnesty International. [http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=4FBA416ABC8805C2802569A600603109 Report on Saudi Arabia 2007]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110322025221/http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=4FBA416ABC8805C2802569A600603109 Archived from the original]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322025221/http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=4FBA416ABC8805C2802569A600603109 |date=22 March 2011}}</ref><ref>Amnesty International. [http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/saudi-arabia Amnesty International Report on Saudi Arabia 2009] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115220652/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/saudi-arabia |date=15 January 2010}}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091007005925/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/saudi-arabia Archived from the original].</ref> Ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpínlẹ̀ tí Mùsùlùmí ti pọ̀ jù, [[conversion from Islam|yíyípadà kúrò nínú ẹ̀sìn Ìsìláámù]] sí ẹ̀sìn mìíràn kò bófin mu, ó sì sábà máa ń jẹ́ [[capital punishment in Nigeria|ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí ikú ni ìjìyà rẹ̀]].<ref>[http://www.refworld.org/docid/50068bbf2.html Nigeria: Recent reports regarding the treatment of persons who convert from Islam to Christianity. Recent reports on Sharia law in relation to religious conversion] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419164137/http://www.refworld.org/docid/50068bbf2.html|date=19 April 2014}}, Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre, 26 June 2012, Q15539; available at: [http://www.refworld.org/docid/50068bbf2.html]. Accessed 18 July 2014.</ref> === Ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì iye ènìyàn === Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwádìí kan lórí [[Demographics of Nigeria|iye ènìyàn]] àti [[Religion in Nigeria|ẹ̀sìn]] ní Nàìjíríà ṣe fi hàn, àwọn [[Muslims|Mùsùlùmí]] ló jẹ́ 50.5% iye àwọn ènìyàn orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Àríwá orílẹ̀-èdè náà ni àwọn Mùsùlùmí pọ̀ sí jùlọ; ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn Mùsùlùmí Nàìjíríà sì jẹ́ ẹlẹ́sìn [[Sunni]]. Àwọn [[Christians|Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì]] ni ẹgbẹ́ ẹlẹ́sìn kejì tí ó tóbi jùlọ, wọ́n sì jẹ́ 48.2% iye àwọn ènìyàn náà. Wọ́n pọ̀ jùlọ ní agbègbè àárín àti gúúsù orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>[http://pewforum.org/world-affairs/countries/?countryID=150 "Religious Demographic Profile: Nigeria"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421200729/http://pewforum.org/world-affairs/countries/?CountryID=150 |date=21 Oṣù Kẹrin 2010}}. The [[Pew Forum]], 2010.. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100421200729/http://pewforum.org/world-affairs/countries/?CountryID=150 Copied archive from original], (archive dated 21 Oṣù Kẹrin 2010).</ref> Nítorí àti yẹra fún aáwọ̀ òṣèlú, wọ́n yọ ìbéèrè nípa ẹ̀sìn kúrò nínú [[census|kíka orí]] tí ó wáyé ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2006.<ref>[http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2006/IntheNewsTheNigerianCensus.aspx In the News: The Nigerian Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715020503/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2006/IntheNewsTheNigerianCensus.aspx |date=15 Oṣù Keje 2014}}, Robert Lalasz. (Oṣù Kẹrin 2006)</ref><ref>[http://grandioseparlor.blogspot.com/2006/01/nigeria-2006-census.html The Nigeria 2006 Census.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812201527/http://grandioseparlor.blogspot.com/2006/01/nigeria-2006-census.html |date=12 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2014}} Ọjọ́bọ̀, 5 Oṣù Kínní 2006.</ref> == Ìtàn == {{main|Timeline of the Boko Haram insurgency}} === Ìrúdedò Boko Haram ti ọdún 2009 === {{Main|2009 Boko Haram uprising}} Boko Haram ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní ìrọ̀rùn fún ọdún méje àkọ́kọ́ tí ó dá sílẹ̀.<ref name="CTC">{{cite web|url=http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-rise-of-boko-haram-in-nigeria|title=The Rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria|author=Cook, David|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2011|publisher=Combating Terrorism Centre|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506224112/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-rise-of-boko-haram-in-nigeria|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìyẹn yípadà ní ọdún 2009 nígbà tí ìjọba Nàìjíríà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìwádìí lórí àwọn iṣẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn àwọn ìròyìn pé àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ náà ń ko ohun ìjà jọ.<ref name="Nigeria accused of ignoring sect warnings before wave of killings">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/aug/02/nigeria-boko-haram-islamist-sect|title=Nigeria accused of ignoring sect warnings before wave of killings|date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2009|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2009|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201225423/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/aug/02/nigeria-boko-haram-islamist-sect|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kí èyí tó wáyé, ìròyìn sọ pé ìjọba kọ etí ikún sí ìkìlọ̀ nípa bí ẹgbẹ́ náà ṣe ń le koko sí i, pẹ̀lú ìkìlọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ẹnìkan tó jẹ́ ọ̀gá ológun.<ref name="Nigeria accused of ignoring sect warnings before wave of killings"/> [[2009 Boko Haram uprising|Ìrúdedò]] àkọ́kọ́ ti Boko Haram kùnà, ìjọba Nàìjíríà sì pa olórí wọn [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]].<ref name="ju"/> Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà ní ọdún 2002, pẹ̀lú èrò láti kọ ètò ẹ̀kọ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn (western education) pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀.<ref name="m.guardian.ng" /> Àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà mú un ní ilé àwọn àna rẹ̀, wọ́n sì fà á lé àwọn ọlọ́pàá Nàìjíríà lọ́wọ́.<ref name="m.guardian.ng" /> Ó fi ìyàwó mẹ́rin àti ọmọ méjìlá sílẹ̀, ọ̀kan nínú wọn ni Abu Musab al-Barnawi ẹni tí ó fẹ́ láti darí ẹgbẹ́ náà ní ọdún 2016.<ref name="m.guardian.ng" /> Nípa báyìí, ẹgbẹ́ náà pín sí oríṣiríṣi, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀tẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kọmándà ọlọ̀tẹ̀ [[Abubakar Shekau]] ṣàṣeyọrí láti jẹ́ olórí láàrin àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó dojúkọ ìpèníjà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn abẹ́nú ẹgbẹ́, bíi ẹgbẹ́ [[Salafi jihadism|Salafist]] ti Abu Usmatul al-Ansari ati ẹgbẹ́ [[Ansaru]], Shekau di olórí ''de facto'' fún ìjàngbara náà, ó sì dènà kí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram yòókù má bá aigbógun ti ara wọn, dípò èyí, ó darí wọn láti gbógun ti ìjọba Nàìjíríà.<ref name="in"/> Pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn àwọn ẹgbẹ́ jihadist mìíràn bíi [[al-Qaeda]] àti [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]], ọgbọ́n ìjà Shekau kún fún ìwà ìkà àti fífàjúro sí [[civilian|àwọn ará ìlú]].<ref name="m.guardian.ng" /> Nígbà tí ìjọba bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́, wọ́n mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ náà ní [[Bauchi (city)|Bauchi]], èyí fa ìjà líle pẹ̀lú àwọn agbófinró Nàìjíríà ní Bauchi, [[Maiduguri]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, [[Potiskum]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe àti [[Wudil]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kano – èyí tí ó yọrí sí ikú àwọn ènìyàn tó tó 700. Nígbà ìjà pẹ̀lú àwọn agbófinró, ìròyìn sọ pé àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram lo "alùpùpù tí wọ́n di epo mọ́" àti "ọfà olóró" láti kọ lu àgọ́ ọlọ́pàá.<ref name="Nossiter"/> Olùdásílẹ̀ tí ó tún jẹ́ olórí ẹgbẹ́ náà Mohammed Yusuf náà kú ní àkókò yìí nígbà tí ó wà ní àtìmọ́lé ọlọ́pàá.<ref name="Nigerian Islamist attacks spread">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8169966.stm|title=Nigerian Islamist attacks spread|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|publisher=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320225713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8169966.stm|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Over 100 dead in Nigerian clashes">{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0727/nigeria.html|title=Over 100 dead in Nigerian clashes|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|publisher=[[RTÉ]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730205254/http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0727/nigeria.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/02/20102102505798741.html|title=Nigeria killings caught on video|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930144346/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/02/20102102505798741.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn pipa Yusuf, [[Abubakar Shekau]] di olórí, ó sì wà nípò yìí ní Oṣù Kínní 2015.<ref name=Batolotta>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2011/09/19/terrorism-nigeria-rise-boko-haram|title=Terrorism in Nigeria: the Rise of Boko Haram|last=Bartolotta|first=Christopher|date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2011|publisher=The World Policy Institute|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127082945/http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2011/09/19/terrorism-nigeria-rise-boko-haram|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ìpadàbọ̀sípò ti ọdún 2010 === Ní nǹkan bí oṣù mẹ́fà lẹ́yìn pipa Yusuf, ẹgbẹ́ náà ṣe ikọlù àwọn apániláyà àkọ́kọ́ ní Borno ní Oṣù Kínní, tí ó pa ènìyàn mẹ́rin.<ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/16402-boko-haram-strikes-again-in-borno-kills-4 Boko Haram strikes again in Borno, kills 4] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314062201/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/16402-boko-haram-strikes-again-in-borno-kills-4 |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2012}}. Nigerian Tribune, Thursday, Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120314062201/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/16402-boko-haram-strikes-again-in-borno-kills-4 Archived from the original].</ref> Láàrin àwọn ọdún díẹ̀ tó tẹ̀le, ìwà ipá náà pọ̀ sí i ní ti iye ìgbà tí ó ń wáyé àti bí ó ṣe le tó. Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, [[Bauchi prison break|fífọ́ ẹ̀wọ̀n]] ní Bauchi tú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram tó ju 700 sílẹ̀, èyí tí ó tún fún wọn ní agbára sí i. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram [[2010 Jos and Maiduguri attacks|lo bọ́ǹbù mẹ́rin láti pa ènìyàn 32 ní Jos]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau. Ní ọjọ́ kan náà, wọ́n pa ènìyàn mẹ́fà nínú ikọlù sí àwọn ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì ní Maiduguri. === 2011 === Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún, wákàtí díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n búra fún [[Goodluck Jonathan]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[President of Nigeria|ààrẹ]], [[May 2011 Nigeria bombings|àwọn àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù tí wọ́n sọ pé Boko Haram ló ṣe é]] pa ènìyàn 15, ó sì ṣe ènìyàn 55 léṣe. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹfà, Boko Haram sọ pé àwọn ló ṣe [[2011 Abuja police headquarters bombing|àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù ní olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ ọlọ́pàá Abuja]], èyí tí ó jẹ́ [[suicide attack|ikọlù agbẹ́míra]] àkọ́kọ́ tó wáyé ní Nàìjíríà. Oṣù méjì lẹ́yìn náà [[2011 Abuja United Nations bombing|wọ́n fi bọ́ǹbù sọ ilé United Nations ní Abuja]], èyí tí ó fi hàn pé ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nìyí tí Boko Haram yóò kọ lu àjọ àgbáyé. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kọkànlá, ó ṣe [[November 2011 Nigeria attacks|ikọlù ní Damaturu]] ní Yobe àti ní Maiduguri, tí ó pa ènìyàn tó ju ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ, àti ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún àti kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejìlá [[December 2011 Nigeria clashes|wọ́n bá àwọn agbófinró jà]], èyí tí ó yọrí sí ikú ènìyàn tó tó 68. Ní [[Christmas 2011 Nigeria attacks|ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram kọ lu]] ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì pẹ̀lú bọ́ǹbù àti ìbọn. Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹfà sàmì sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbésẹ̀ ológun tí Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ fọwọ́ sí láti dènà ewu rògbòdìyàn Boko Haram tí ó ń pọ̀ sí i. Pẹ̀lú 21 Armoured Brigade (21 Bde) ti [[Nigerian Army|Ológun Ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]] gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ọ̀kan-ò-jọ̀kan, Joint Task Force Operation Restore Order (JTF ORO 1) sàmì sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìpolongo [[counter-insurgency|gbigbogun ti ọlọ̀tẹ̀]] (COIN) tí ó gba àkókò pípẹ́ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ológun sí Boko Haram. Ìpolongo náà ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpele kọjá, ó sì ti gbòòrò sí i ní ti ìwọ̀n, agbára, àwọn ẹ̀ka àti àwọn olùkópa, láti ìgbà náà.<ref>Omeni, Akali. 2017. Counter-insurgency in Nigeria: The Military and Operations against Boko Haram, 2011–17. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge</ref> Àwọn àbájáde rẹ̀, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, máa ń yàtọ̀ síra nígbà mìíràn, wọ́n sì ti ṣàríwísí àwọn ológun pé wọ́n máa ń lo agbára jù nínú COIN wọn.{{citation needed|date=Oṣù Kọkànlá 2021}} === 2012 === Ní Oṣù Kínní ní Nàìjíríà, Boko Haram [[January 2012 Northern Nigeria attacks|kọ lu]] [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]], [[Yola, Adamawa|Yola]] àti [[Gombi]] – gbogbo wọn wà ní [[Adamawa State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa]] – ní àfikún sí Maiduguri àti [[Kano (city)|Kano]]. Ní oṣù kan náà, [[Abubakar Shekau]], ẹni tí ó jẹ́ igbákejì Yusuf tẹ́lẹ̀, fara hàn nínú fídíò kan tí wọ́n gbé sí [[YouTube]]. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Reuters]] ṣe sọ, Shekau gba ìdarí ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn ikú Yusuf ní ọdún 2009.<ref name='reuters20120112'>{{cite news |first=Joe |last=Brock |title=Nigeria sect leader defends killings in video |date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |publisher=Thomson Reuters |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80B01D20120112 |work=Reuters Africa |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818013122/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80B01D20120112 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |archivedate=15 January 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115045448/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80B01D20120112 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Àwọn aláṣẹ ti kọ́kọ́ gba gbọ́ pé Shekau kú nígbà ìrúdedò ọdún 2009.<ref name='france24-20120113'>{{cite news |first=Leela |last=Jacinto |title=The Boko Haram terror chief who came back from the dead |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20120111-terror-chief-boko-haram-imam-shekau-youtube-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan-al-qaeda-oil |work=France 24 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112060453/http://www.france24.com/en/20120111-terror-chief-boko-haram-imam-shekau-youtube-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan-al-qaeda-oil |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2012, ẹgbẹ́ náà wà nídìí ikú àwọn ènìyàn tó ju 900 lọ.<ref name="nytpopular">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/world/africa/in-northern-nigeria-boko-haram-stirs-fear-and-sympathy.html |title=In Nigeria, a Deadly Group's Rage Has Local Roots |author=Adam Nossiter |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2012 |access-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214182541/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/world/africa/in-northern-nigeria-boko-haram-stirs-fear-and-sympathy.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta, ẹgbẹ́ kékeré kan ti [[Nigerian Navy|Special Boat Service]] àti Ológun Nàìjíríà [[Sokoto hostage rescue attempt|gbìyànjú láti gba]] [[hostage|àwọn ògbèkùn]] méjì, ará Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Chris McManus àti ará Itálíà Franco Lamolinara, tí wọ́n wà ní ìgbèkùn ní [[Sokoto (city)|Sokoto]], láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ apániláyà Boko Haram tí wọ́n jẹ́ olótìítọ́ sí [[al-Qaeda]]. Àwọn tí wọ́n jí wọn gbé pa àwọn ògbèkùn méjèèjì kí wọ́n tó gba wọn tàbí nígbà tí wọ́n fẹ́ gba wọn. Ìròyìn sọ pé gbogbo àwọn tí wọ́n jí ènìyàn gbé náà ló kú.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watt |first1=Nicholas |last2=Norton-Taylor |first2=Richard |last3=Vogt |first3=Andrea |date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2012 |title=British and Italian hostages killed in Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/mar/08/british-italian-hostages-killed-nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911040840/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/mar/08/british-italian-hostages-killed-nigeria |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹrin, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 38 [[April 2012 Kaduna bombings|ló kú]] láti ọwọ́ afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra nínú ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ní [[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]]. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà, nǹkan bí 40 ẹlẹ́wọ̀n ló sálọ nígbà fífọ́ ẹ̀wọ̀n kan ní Damaturu. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹfà, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 12 [[June 2012 Kaduna church bombings|ló kú]] láti ọwọ́ bọ́ǹbù mẹ́ta tí wọ́n sọ sí àwọn ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì ní [[Kaduna State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna]]. Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹjọ, ènìyàn 19 [[Deeper Life Bible Church shooting|ló kú]] nínú ìyinbọn púpọ̀ ní [[Kogi State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogi]]. Ní ọjọ́ kìíní sí kejì Oṣù Kọkànlá, ó kéré jù ọkùnrin 25 [[Federal Polytechnic, Mubi attack|ló kú]] ní [[Federal Polytechnic, Mubi]]. Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, ènìyàn mẹ́fà [[December 2012 shootings in Northern Nigeria|ló kú]] ní Potiskum àti mẹ́fà mìíràn ní Maiduguri. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, ènìyàn mẹ́ẹ̀dógún kú ní abúlé kan ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. === 2013 === ==== Ìkọlù láti ọwọ́ Ìjọba ==== {{Expand section|date=Oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2013}} Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún, àwọn ọmọ ogun ìjọba Nàìjíríà ṣe ìkọlù ní agbègbè Borno ní ìgbìyànjú láti lé àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram kúrò lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n kéde [[state of emergency|ìgbésẹ̀ pàjáwìrì]] ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Karùn-ún. Ìgbésẹ̀ pàjáwìrì náà – èyí tí ó ṣì wà ní lílò ní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 – wà fún àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, Yobe, àti Adamawa ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/05/2013531142139248993.html |work=Al Jazeera |title=Civilians among dead in Nigeria offensive |date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2013 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132944/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/05/2013531142139248993.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ìkọlù náà kọ́kọ́ késsèjárí, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram tún padà ní agbára. ==== Àwọn ikọlù ==== Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejì, àwọn agbébọn pa ó kéré jù [[polio vaccine|àwọn tí ń funni ní àjẹsára rọmọlápá-rọmọlẹ́sẹ̀]] mẹ́sàn-án ní Kano.<ref>{{cite news|date=2013-02-08|title=Nigeria polio vaccinators shot dead in Kano|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-21381773|access-date=2021-08-13}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹta, afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra nínú ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ [[vehicle-ramming attack|fi ọkọ̀ kọ]] [[2013 Kano bus bombing|bọ́ọ̀sì kan ní Kano]], ó pa ènìyàn tó ju 20 lọ. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún àti kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹrin, [[2013 Baga massacre|ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará ìlú ló kú]] lákòókò ogun ní [[Baga, Borno|Baga]], Borno, láàrin Boko Haram àti Ológun Nàìjíríà. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje, Boko Haram [[Yobe State school shooting|pa àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 42 ní Yobe]],<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news|title=Extremist attack in Nigeria kills 42 at boarding school|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html|first=Damien|last=McElroy|date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje ọdún 2013|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje ọdún 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709013656/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Keje ọdún 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> èyí sì mú kí sáà ilé-ìwé wá sí òpin lójijì ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà. Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹjọ, Boko Haram ṣe ikọlù sí Bama àti Malam Fatori, èyí tí ó fi òkú 35 sílẹ̀.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/nigeria-bokoharam-idUSL6N0G620B20130805 Clashes between Nigerian army, Boko Haram kill 35] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924183603/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/05/nigeria-bokoharam-idUSL6N0G620B20130805 |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2015}}. Reuters. Retrieved on Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2013.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹjọ, Boko Haram [[Konduga mosque shooting|pa ènìyàn 44]] nínú [[mass shooting|ìyinbọn púpọ̀]] ní [[mosque|mọ́ṣáláṣí]] kan ní [[Konduga]], Borno.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23676872|title=Nigeria unrest: 'Boko Haram' gunmen kill 44 at mosque|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2013|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹwàá, Ológun Nàìjíríà ṣẹ́gun Boko Haram ní [[Battle of Damboa|ogun kan]] ní [[Damboa]], Borno. Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kọkànlá ní Borno, àwọn agbébọn kọ lu àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ń padàbọ̀ láti ibi ìgbéyàwó, wọ́n pa ènìyàn tó ju 30 lọ. === 2014 === ==== Ìjígbé ní Chibok àti ọ̀tẹ̀ ==== Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn apániláyà Boko Haram [[Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping|jí àwọn ọmọbìnrin akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 276 gbé]] láti [[secondary school|ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì]] ní [[Chibok]] ní Borno.<ref>Maclean, Ruth (3 May 2014) [https://www.thetimes.com/article/nigerian-school-says-329-girl-pupils-missing-ssl6jkmcclw Nigerian school says 329 girl pupils missing]  The Times, (the online version may need a subscription), Retrieved Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014</ref> Wọ́n sọ pé Boko Haram ló wà nídìí ìjígbé náà.<ref>{{cite web|title=Boko Haram Militants abduct 100+ Teenage Girls in Nigeria|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/boko-haram-militants-abduct-100-teenage-girls-in-nigeria/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416040030/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/boko-haram-militants-abduct-100-teenage-girls-in-nigeria/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìròyìn sọ pé ẹgbẹ́ náà ti kó àwọn ọmọbìnrin náà lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò Cameroon àti Chad níbi tí wọ́n ti fẹ́ [[human trafficking|tà wọ́n sí oko]] ní iye tí kò tó [[United States dollar|dọ́là]] kan fún ẹnì kọ̀ọ̀kan. Wọ́n tún ròyìn ìjígbé àwọn ọmọbìnrin mẹ́jọ mìíràn lẹ́yìn náà. Àwọn ìjígbé wọ̀nyí fa ìfẹ̀hónúhàn láàrin ìlú, pẹ̀lú àwọn olùfẹ̀hónúhàn tó gbé pátákó tí wọ́n kọ àkọlé [[Twitter]] #BringBackOurGirls sí, èyí tí ó gba àfiyèsí àgbáyé.<ref>Collins, Matt (9 May 2014) [https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media #BringBackOurGirls: the power of a social media campaign] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115034018/https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media |date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2016}} The Guardian, Retrieved Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' ròyìn pé [[Royal Air Force]] ti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ṣe [[Operation Turus]] ní Nàìjíríà ní Oṣù Kẹrin láti fèsì sí ìjígbé Chibok. Orísun kan tí ó kópa nínú iṣẹ́ náà sọ fún ''The Observer'' pé "Wọ́n rí àwọn ọmọbìnrin náà ní àwọn ọ̀sẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ tí RAF bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́", àti pé "A [RAF] fẹ́ láti lọ gba wọn sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìjọba Nàìjíríà kọ̀", èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé wọ́n ka ìgbésẹ̀ èyíkéyìí sí "ọ̀rọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè", àti pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ọ̀tẹlẹ̀múyẹ́ àti ti ààbò Nàìjíríà yanjú rẹ̀, orísun náà fi kún un pé wọ́n fi ọkọ̀ òfuurufú tọpinpin àwọn ọmọbìnrin náà bí wọ́n ṣe pín wọn sí àwùjọ kékeré ní àwọn oṣù tó tẹ̀le e.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/04/nigeria-declined-uk-offer-to-rescue-chibok-girls|title=Nigeria rejected British offer to rescue seized Chibok schoolgirls|work=the Guardian|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|access-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330190503/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/04/nigeria-declined-uk-offer-to-rescue-chibok-girls|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe ìlérí àtìlẹ́yìn fún ìjọba Nàìjíríà láti ran àwọn ológun wọn lọ́wọ́ pẹ̀lú [[intelligence gathering|kíkó àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àṣírí jọ]] lórí ibi tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin náà wà àti àwọn ibùdó iṣẹ́ Boko Haram. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá sí kẹrinlá Oṣù Karùn-ún, Boko Haram [[Chibok ambush|dènà]] àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ń wá àwọn ọmọbìnrin tí wọ́n jí gbé náà. ==== Àwọn bọ́ǹbù Jos ==== Ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún, bọ́ǹbù méjì ní ìlú [[Jos]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau, Nàìjíríà, [[2014 Jos bombings|bú]], ó sì pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 118 ó sì ṣe ènìyàn tó ju 56 mìíràn léṣe. Àwọn bọ́ǹbù náà bú láàrin ìṣẹ́jú 30 sí ara wọn, ọ̀kan ní ọjà ìbílẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí aago mẹ́ta ọ̀sán (3:00) àti èkejì ní ibi ìgbọ́kọ̀sí lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ilé-ìwòsàn kan ní nǹkan bí aago mẹ́ta ààbọ̀ (3:30), níbi tí àwọn olùgbàlà tí wọ́n ń fèsì sí ìjàmbá àkọ́kọ́ ti kú.<ref name="Fox">{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/2-explosions-kill-at-least-118-in-central-nigeria-city |title=2 explosions hit bus station in central Nigeria city |work=Fox News |date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520192242/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/05/20/2-explosions-hit-bus-station-in-central-nigeria-city/ |archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ẹgbẹ́ tàbí ẹnìkan tó sọ pé òun ló ṣe é, wọ́n sọ pé Boko Haram ló wà nídìí rẹ̀.<ref name="BBC21">{{cite web|title=Nigeria violence: 'Boko Haram' kill 27 in village attacks|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27498598|work=BBC|date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521103609/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27498598|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn [[First responder|olùgbàlà àkọ́kọ́]] kò lè dé ibi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà, nítorí "ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn ń sá kúrò níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà sí òdìkejì". Wọ́n gbé àwọn bọ́ǹbù náà síbẹ̀ láti pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn bó bá ṣe lè ṣeéṣe tó, láì wo ti ẹ̀sìn, èyí tí ó yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ikọlù ti tẹ́lẹ̀ níbi tí wọ́n tí máa ń kọ lu àwọn tí kì í ṣe Mùsùlùmí. Ìròyìn sọ pé àwọn afibọ́ǹbù náà lo ọgbọ́n "bíbú tẹ̀lera-ẹni", níbi tí bọ́ǹbù àkọ́kọ́ yóò bú ní ibi àárín gbùngbùn, àti pé òmíràn yóò bú ní àkókò díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà pẹ̀lú èrò láti pa àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti gba àwọn tí wọ́n fara pa là.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSBREA4J0QL20140520 |title=Bombings kill at least 118 in Nigerian city of Jos |work=Reuters |date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |author1=Jonah, Adamu |author2=Igboeroteonwu, Anamesere |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520232627/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/20/us-nigeria-violence-idUSBREA4J0QL20140520 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==== Àwọn bọ́ǹbù Maiduguri ==== Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram pọ̀si àwọn ikọlù wọn sí àwọn ìlú ńlá àti kékeré ní àríwá Nàìjíríà wọ́n sì gba apá kan àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Àwọn ikọlù wọ̀nyí pẹ̀lú bọ́ǹbù ní Maiduguri ní [[January 2014 Maiduguri bombing|Oṣù Kínní]], [[July 2014 Maiduguri bombing|Oṣù Keje]] àti Oṣù Kọkànlá.{{Citation needed|date=Oṣù Kejìlá 2023}} ==== Ìjà tó ń le sí i ==== {{Expand section|date=Oṣù Kẹta 2015}} [[File:Attentat Nyanya VOA2.jpg|thumb|Àwọn olùfaragbá bọ́ǹbù Boko Haram ní Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2014]] Bí rògbòdìyàn náà ṣe ń le sí i mú kí ìjọba Nàìjíríà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ikọlù, àti pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ Chad, Niger, àti Cameroon, wọ́n gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè tí Boko Haram ti ń darí tẹ́lẹ̀ padà.<ref name="BBC_launch">{{cite news|title=Boko Haram conflict: Nigerian allies launch offensive|date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31789412|access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424213237/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31789412|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31799172|title=Boko Haram conflict: Nigerian allies 'retake Damasak'|date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|work=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223022011/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31799172|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ìparí ọdún 2014, Boko Haram gba ìdarí [[Bama, Borno|Bama]], Borno, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbé ìlú náà ṣe sọ.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29021037|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram 'seize' Bama town in Borno|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222063732/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29021037|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018|url-status=live|date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2014}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kejìlá, ìròyìn sọ pé "àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ti dàgbà jù láti sá kúrò ní Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwoza ni wọ́n kó jọ, tí wọ́n sì mú wọn lọ sí ilé-ìwé méjì níbi tí àwọn jagunjagun náà ti yìnbọn lù wọ́n." Ó ju àwọn àgbàlagbà 50 lọ tí wọ́n pa ní Bama.<ref> {{cite news | title=Nigeria: Boko Haram Kills More Than 50 Elderly People | work=This Day -- allAfrica.com | access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015 | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201412222101.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103110443/http://allafrica.com/stories/201412222101.html | archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }} </ref> Wọ́n gbé fídíò "eléjẹ̀" kan jáde tí ó fi àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà hàn tí wọ́n ń yìnbọn lu ènìyàn tó ju ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ ní ibùgbé ilé-ìwé ní ìlú Bama.<ref> {{cite web | last=Kareem Haruna | title=Nigeria: New Video Shows Boko Haram Shooting Civilians at School Dormitory | work=Leadership (Abuja) - allAfrica.com | access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015 | date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2014 | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201412220231.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609031156/http://allafrica.com/stories/201412220231.html | archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2015 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }} </ref> === 2015 === ==== Ìpakúpa Baga ==== Láàrin ọjọ́ kẹta sí keje Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram kọ lu ìlú [[Baga, Nigeria|Baga]] wọ́n sì [[2015 Baga massacre|pa ènìyàn tó tó 2,000]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigeria's ignored massacre: 2,000 slaughtered by Boko Haram, 30,000 flee their homes – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerias-ignored-massacre-2000-slaughtered-by-boko-haram-30000-flee-their-homes-30900028.html|access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113064511/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerias-ignored-massacre-2000-slaughtered-by-boko-haram-30000-flee-their-homes-30900028.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> èyí tí ó ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ [[2015 Baga massacre|ìpakúpa]] tí ó tóbi jùlọ láti ọwọ́ Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/nigeria-massacre-possibly-deadliest-boko-haram-s-history-2015-01-09-0|date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|title=Nigeria: Massacre possibly deadliest in Boko Haram's history|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216082048/http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/nigeria-massacre-possibly-deadliest-boko-haram-s-history-2015-01-09-0|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Bọ́ǹbù Maiduguri ==== Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní, ènìyàn 19 kú nínú [[January 2015 Maiduguri suicide bombing|àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra]] ní ọjà kan ní Maiduguri.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-11/bomb-strapped-to-girl-kills-19-in-nigeria-reports/6010694|title=Bomb strapped to girl 'about 10 years old' kills 19 in Nigeria|date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|newspaper=ABC News|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2021|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Ìlú náà wà ní àárín gbùngbùn rògbòdìyàn Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nossiter|first1=Adam|title=In Nigeria, New Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Tactic: "It's a Little Girl"|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/world/africa/suicide-bomber-hits-maiduguri-nigeria-market.html?_r=0|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|work=The New York Times|date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402134415/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/world/africa/suicide-bomber-hits-maiduguri-nigeria-market.html?_r=0|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram [[January 2015 raid on Kolofata|ṣe ikọlù tí kò késsèjárí]] sí [[Army base|ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun]] Cameroon kan. ==== Gbigbogun ti Boko Haram ==== [[File:Wilayat al Sudan al Gharbi.png|300px|thumb|right|Mápù tí ń fi ibi tí Boko Haram ń darí hàn ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹrin, ó ju oṣù méjì lọ lẹ́yìn tí [[2015 West African offensive|ìkọlù ti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà]] bẹ̀rẹ̀]] Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kínní, àpapọ̀ àwọn ọmọ ogun láti Nàìjíríà, Chad, Cameroon, àti Niger bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[counter-insurgency|ìpolongo]] [[2015 West African offensive|gbigbogun ti]] Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigeria postpones elections, focuses on major offensive against Boko Haram|agency=AP|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2015/0207/Nigeria-postpones-elections-focuses-on-major-offensive-against-Boko-Haram-video|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503132755/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2015/0207/Nigeria-postpones-elections-focuses-on-major-offensive-against-Boko-Haram-video|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram ṣe ikọlù ńlá sí ìlú náà.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mark|first1=Monica|title=Nigerian City Under Attack from Suspected Boko Haram Militants|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/25/nigerian-city-maidugur-attack-boko-haram|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|work=The Guardian|date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125162438/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/25/nigerian-city-maidugur-attack-boko-haram|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, CNN ròyìn pé ikọlù Maiduguri láti ọwọ́ "ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn agbébọn" ni wọ́n ti dènà, ṣùgbọ́n ìlú [[Monguno]] tí ó wà nítòsí bọ́ sọ́wọ́ Boko Haram.<ref> {{cite news | author1=Faith Karimi | author2=Aminu Abubakar | name-list-style=amp | title=Nigerian soldiers save one city from Boko Haram but a nearby one is seized | work=CNN.com | access-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015 | date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015 | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/26/africa/nigeria-boko-haram/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419125107/http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/26/africa/nigeria-boko-haram/ | archive-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }} </ref> Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà sọ pé wọ́n dènà ikọlù mìíràn lórí Maiduguri ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní.<ref> {{cite web | title=Nigeria army 'repels' new Boko Haram attack on Maiduguri | work=BBC News | access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015 | date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31080368 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106002603/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31080368 | archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }} </ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kejì, [[Military of Chad|Ọmọ Ogun Chad]] pa àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram tó ju 200 lọ.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/04/world/africa/ap-af-nigeria-violence.html|title=NYT|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204215315/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/04/world/africa/ap-af-nigeria-violence.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin àti karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì, Boko Haram ṣe [[Fotokol massacre|ìpakúpa ní Fotokol]], Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon, tí ó pa àwọn ará ìlú 81, sójà Chad 13 àti sójà Cameroon 6.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chadian jets bomb Nigerian town in anti-Boko Haram raid |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]] |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015 |date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015 |url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Chad-troops-killed-in-Boko-Haram-counter-attack-20150205 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706174541/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Chad-troops-killed-in-Boko-Haram-counter-attack-20150205 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje ọdún 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kejì, Boko Haram [[2015 Niger raid|kọ lu Bosso àti Diffa]] ní Niger. Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kejì, [[February 2015 Nigeria bombings|àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra]] wáyé ní Damaturu. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì, ológun Nàìjíríà gba Monguno padà nínú ikọlù alájọṣe ti ojú òfuurufú àti ti ilẹ̀.<ref>{{cite web| title=African allies claim gains against Boko Haram| work=BBC News| access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015| date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31493150| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822184421/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31493150| archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2018| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kejì, àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra wáyé ní Potiskum. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì, àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra wáyé ní Potiskum àti Kano. Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹta, Àwọn Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ṣẹ́gun Boko Haram nínú [[Battle of Konduga (2015)|Ogun Konduga]]. Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta, olórí Boko Haram Abubakar Shekau búra pé òun wà lábẹ́ ìdarí [[Islamic State]] (IS) nípasẹ̀ ìfiránṣẹ́ ohùn tí wọ́n gbé sórí àkọ̀nsì Twitter ti ẹgbẹ́ náà.<ref name="Boko Haram joins ISIL">{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/boko-haram-swears-formal-allegiance-to-isis/|title=Boko Haram swears formal allegiance to ISIS|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Fox News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120113635/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/03/08/boko-haram-swears-formal-allegiance-to-isis/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31784538|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State|date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|website=BBC news|publisher=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728201255/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31784538|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/03/boko-haram-pledges-allegiance-islamic-state/387235/ |title=The Islamic State of Boko Haram?: The terrorist group has pledged its allegiance to ISIS. But what does that really mean? |author=Adam Chandler |date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |publisher=The Atlantic |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105439/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/03/boko-haram-pledges-allegiance-islamic-state/387235/ |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Agbẹnusọ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà Sami Usman Kukasheka sọ pé ìbúra náà jẹ́ àmì àìlera àti pé Shekau dàbí "ẹni tó ń rì".<ref name="BBC_launch" /> Ní ọjọ́ kan náà, [[March 2015 Maiduguri suicide bombing|bíbú bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra márùn-ún]] fi òkú 54 àti àwọn tí ó fara pa 143 sílẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news| title=5 suicide bomb blasts rock Maiduguri city in northeast Nigeria, 54 dead, 143 wounded: official| agency=AP| access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e919a0bfeaed4701b65accfe7651789e/5-suicide-bomb-blasts-rock-maiduguri-city-northeast-nigeria| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308102727/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e919a0bfeaed4701b65accfe7651789e/5-suicide-bomb-blasts-rock-maiduguri-city-northeast-nigeria| archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| url-status=live| df=dmy-all| archivedate=8 March 2015| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308102727/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e919a0bfeaed4701b65accfe7651789e/5-suicide-bomb-blasts-rock-maiduguri-city-northeast-nigeria| deadurl=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹta, agbẹnusọ ISIL [[Abu Mohammad al-Adnani]] gbé gbolohun kan jáde nínú èyí tí ó ti kí ìbúra náà káàbọ̀, tí ó sì ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfẹ̀sí caliphate ẹgbẹ́ náà sí [[West Africa|Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà]].<ref name="BokoHaramIS">{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/accepts-allegiance-nigeria-jihadists-boko-haram-201513146.html |title=IS welcomes Boko Haram allegiance: tape |publisher=AFP |date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313143309/http://news.yahoo.com/accepts-allegiance-nigeria-jihadists-boko-haram-201513146.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìkéde jíjẹ́ olótìítọ́ sí ISIL, Boko Haram ni wọ́n sọ di "Ẹ̀ka Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà" ti ẹgbẹ́ náà (Islamic State West Africa Province, tàbí ISWAP) nígbà tí wọ́n yan Shekau gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Vali (governor)|vali]] (gómìnà) àkọ́kọ́. Síwájú sí i, ISIL bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún Boko Haram, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní dá sí ọ̀rọ̀ abẹ́nú wọn. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn olórí ISIL gbìyànjú láti dín ìwà ìkà Boko Haram sí àwọn ará ìlú àti àwọn alárìíwísí abẹ́nú kù, nítorí èrò Shekau "ti burú púpọ̀ fún Islamic State".<ref name="Province vs Shekau">{{cite web |url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/21467/the-islamic-state-west-africa-province-vs-abu |title=The Islamic State West Africa Province vs. Abu Bakr Shekau: Full Text, Translation and Analysis |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2018 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225425/http://www.aymennjawad.org/21467/the-islamic-state-west-africa-province-vs-abu |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2018 |url-status=live  |author-link=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn olùgbé [[Damasak]], Borno, sọ pé Boko Haram ti kó àwọn obìnrin àti ọmọdé tí wọ́n ju 400 lọ láti inú ìlú náà bí wọ́n ṣe ń sá fún àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ tí wọ́n [[Battle of Damasak|gba agbègbè náà padà]] tí wọ́n sì [[Damasak massacre|rí]] [[mass grave|ibojì àpapọ̀]] àwọn tí Boko Haram pa.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-violence-nigeria-kidnapping-idUSKBN0MK22Y20150324 |title=Boko Haram kidnapped hundreds in northern Nigeria town: residents |work=Reuters |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |author=Penney, Joe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325182816/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/24/us-violence-nigeria-kidnapping-idUSKBN0MK22Y20150324 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà gba [[Gwoza]], èyí tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ ibùdó olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ Boko Haram.<ref name=BBCGwoza>{{cite web| title=Boko Haram HQ Gwoza in Nigeria 'retaken'| work=BBC News| access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32087211| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107071319/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32087211| archive-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2018| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ìdìbò, Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn agbawèrè Boko Haram pa ènìyàn 41, pẹ̀lú aṣòfin kan, láti dẹ́rùbà ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ènìyàn láti má dìbò.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/boko-haram-kills-41-as-millions-of-nigerians-vote-in-close-presidential-election/ |title=Boko Haram kills 41 as millions of Nigerians vote in close presidential election |agency=Associated Press |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |author1=Michelle Faul |author2=Haruna Umar |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329101718/http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/boko-haram-kills-41-as-millions-of-nigerians-vote-in-close-presidential-election-1.2301714 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[File:Militaires nigériens sur le pont Doutchi.jpg|thumb|left|Àwọn sójà [[Niger Army|Ọmọ Ogun Niger]] lásìkò iṣẹ́ [[counter-insurgency|gbigbogun ti ọlọ̀tẹ̀]] sí Boko Haram ní Oṣù Kẹta]] Ní Oṣù Kẹta, Boko Haram pàdánù ìdarí àwọn ìlú Borno ti [[Bama, Borno|Bama]]<ref name=BBCTide>Ewokor, Chris (21 March 2015) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31911641 Is the tide turning against Boko Haram?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124001427/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31911641 |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2018}} BBC News, Africa, Retrieved Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015</ref> àti [[Gwoza]] (tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn)<ref name=BBCGwoza /> sí Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà. Àwọn aláṣẹ Nàìjíríà sọ pé àwọn ti gba 11 nínú àwọn agbègbè 14 tí Boko Haram ń darí tẹ́lẹ̀ padà.<ref name=BBCTide/> Ní Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà kọ lu ibùdó Boko Haram mẹ́rin ní [[Sambisa Forest|Igbo Sambisa]] wọ́n sì tú àwọn obìnrin tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó 300 sílẹ̀.<ref>(29 April 2015) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32506942 Nigerian army 'rescues nearly 300' from Sambisa Forest] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128103952/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32506942 |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2018}} BBC News, Africa, Retrieved Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015</ref> Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Boko Haram ti padà sẹ́yìn sí [[Mandara Mountains|Àwọn Òkè Mandara]], lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ [[Cameroon–Nigeria border|ààlà Cameroon àti Nàìjíríà]].<ref>(14 April 2015) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32292854 Nigeria's Chibok girls 'seen with Boko Haram in Gwoza'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201162032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32292854 |date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018}} BBC News, Africa, Retrieved Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹta, Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà sọ pé òun ti gba Bama padà.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria military says Bama city recaptured from Boko Haram |author=Julia Payne |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0MC24I20150316 |access-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005180309/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/16/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0MC24I20150316 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, ọjọ́ tí ó ṣáájú [[2015 Nigerian general election|ìdìbò ààrẹ Nàìjíríà]], [[Nigerian Army|Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà]] kéde pé òun ti gba ìlú Gwoza padà lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram.<ref name=BBCGwoza /> Nígbà tí ó fi di Oṣù Kẹrin, wọ́n ròyìn pé àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè tí Boko Haram ń darí tẹ́lẹ̀ ní Àríwá Ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà, àyàfi [[Sambisa Forest|Igbo Sambisa]] ní Borno.<ref>{{cite web|last=Corones|first=Mike|date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/data-dive/2015/05/05/mapping-boko-harams-decline-in-nigeria/|title=Mapping Boko Haram's decline in Nigeria|publisher=Reuters|access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508011523/http://blogs.reuters.com/data-dive/2015/05/05/mapping-boko-harams-decline-in-nigeria/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún, àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà kéde pé àwọn ti tú nǹkan bí 700 obìnrin sílẹ̀ láti àwọn ibùdó ní Igbo Sambisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/05/nigeria-frees-children-women-boko-haram-150501221456077.html|title=Nigeria frees more children and women from Boko Haram|date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|work=AlJazeera|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503043131/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/05/nigeria-frees-children-women-boko-haram-150501221456077.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Faul, Michelle (6 May 2015) [https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nigerian-troops-save-25-kids-women-boko-haram-30836807 Nigerian Troops Save 25 More Kids, Women From Boko Haram] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091109/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nigerian-troops-save-25-kids-women-boko-haram-30836807 |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015}} ABC News, Retrieved Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Keje, àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra méjì tí wọ́n wọ burqa pa ènìyàn 13 ní Fotokol. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, gómìnà Àríwá Jùlọ Cameroon [[burqa by country|fòfin de ìbòjú Islam]] àti [[burqa]]. Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ, wọ́n ròyìn pé ikú ènìyàn tó ju ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ ló ti wáyé láti ìgbà ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìjọba tuntun.<ref>[http://www.thejonathanian.com/News/news/newsDetails/53_Over-1,059-persons-killed-in-75-major-attacks-by-Boko-Haram-since-Buhari%E2%80%99s-inauguration Over 1,059 persons killed in 75 major attacks by Boko Haram since Buhari's inauguration.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908195101/http://www.thejonathanian.com/News/news/newsDetails/53_Over-1,059-persons-killed-in-75-major-attacks-by-Boko-Haram-since-Buhari%E2%80%99s-inauguration |date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2015}} By Methuselah Brozz. Posted: Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2015 13:04 pm [[West Africa Time|WAT]].</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹwàá, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra [[Baga Sola bombings|kọ lu]] ọjà àti [[refugee camp|ibùdó àwọn olùwá-ibi-ìsádi]] ní Baga Sola, [[Lac (region)|Lac]], Chad. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá, wọ́n kéde pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà ti gba ènìyàn 338 sílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram nítòsí ibùdó agbára ẹgbẹ́ náà ní Igbo Sambisa. Nínú àwọn tí wọ́n gbà sílẹ̀ náà, 192 jẹ́ ọmọdé, 138 sì jẹ́ obìnrin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34656907|title=Boko Haram: Nigerian army rescues 338 captives|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223204626/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34656907|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kejìlá, [[Muhammadu Buhari]], Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà, sọ pé Boko Haram ti "di ẹni tí a ṣẹ́gun ní pẹ́rẹ́u"<ref name="BBCDefeated">{{cite news|title=Nigeria Boko Haram: Militants 'technically defeated' – Buhari|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35173618|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224021517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35173618|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> wọ́n sì ròyìn pé wọ́n gba obìnrin 1,000 sílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram ní Oṣù Kínní 2016.<ref name="Suicide">{{cite news|last1=Searcey|first1=Dionne|title=Nigeria Vexed by Boko Haram's Use of Women as Suicide Bombers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/world/africa/nigeria-vexed-by-boko-harams-use-of-women-as-suicide-bombers.html?_r=0|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|work=The New York Times|date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216074647/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/world/africa/nigeria-vexed-by-boko-harams-use-of-women-as-suicide-bombers.html?_r=0|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lamb">{{cite news|last1=Lamb|first1=Christina|title=A fight for the soul of the world|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/magazine/article1680538.ece|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|work=Sunday Times|date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402031802/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/magazine/article1680538.ece|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2016|url-status=dead|archivedate=2 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402031802/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/magazine/article1680538.ece|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra mẹ́rin [[December 2015 Chad suicide bombings|kọ lu ọjà kan]] ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ Chad ti Lake Chad. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra pa ènìyàn tó ju 55 lọ ní [[Madagali]] ní Adamawa àti Maiduguri.<ref>{{cite news|date=2015-12-28|title=Nigeria suicide bombers attack Maiduguri and Madagali|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35189041|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Abubakar|first1=Aminu|last2=Duggan|first2=Briana|date=2015-12-29|title=Boko Haram attacks in Nigeria kill 52|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/28/africa/nigeria-maiduguri-boko-haram/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2021|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228225357/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/28/africa/nigeria-maiduguri-boko-haram/index.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015}}</ref> ==== Àtìlẹ́yìn ológun ti Amẹ́ríkà ==== Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹwàá 2015, [[United States military|àwọn ológun United States]] rán ọmọ ogun 300 lọ sí Cameroon, pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sí [[Cameroonian government|ìjọba Cameroon]], pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ pàtàkì láti pèsè [[United States Intelligence Community|àtìlẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ ọ̀tẹlẹ̀múyẹ́]] fún àwọn ọmọ ogun ìbílẹ̀ àti ṣíṣe àwọn ìrìn-àjò òfuurufú fún [[reconnaissance|ṣíṣe amí]].<ref name="US1"/><ref name="US2"/> Àwọn ọmọ ogun náà tún bojúto ètò kan láti gbé àwọn ọkọ̀ ogun ti Amẹ́ríkà fún [[Cameroonian Army|Ọmọ Ogun Cameroon]] láti ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ nínú ogun wọn lòdì sí àwọn jagunjagun Islamist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/land/vehicles/2015/10/20/us-sending-troops-vehicles-to-cameroon-to-combat-boko-haram/74265026/ |title=US Sending Troops, Vehicles To Cameroon To Combat Boko Haram |publisher=Defensenews.com |date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2015 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2015}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 2016, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ U.S. kópa nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ [[unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] láti [[Garoua]], Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon, láti ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ pípèsè ọ̀rọ̀ àṣírí ní agbègbè náà láti ran àwọn ọmọ ogun ìbílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́. Àwọn iṣẹ́ drone mìíràn tún wà tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti Niger.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/11/politics/special-ops-small-wars-isis-al-qaeda/|title=U.S. special forces wage secretive 'small wars' against terrorists|publisher=CNN|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2016|access-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024002705/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/11/politics/special-ops-small-wars-isis-al-qaeda/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn sójà Ọmọ Ogun U.S. ní Cameroon tún ń pèsè ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ lórí ìmọ̀ nípa IED fún àwọn ọmọ ogun ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ti orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/2016/05/31/us-soldiers-help-african-armies-detect-and-defeat-ieds/84904640/|title=U.S. soldiers help African armies detect and defeat IEDs |work=Army times|date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2016}}</ref> === 2016 === [[File:CJTFMichika1.jpg|thumb|right|Àwọn jagunjagun [[Civilian Joint Task Force]] ti [[Michika]] ní ọdún 2016]] ==== Àwọn bọ́ǹbù Bodo ==== Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra Boko Haram mẹ́rin [[2016 Bodo bombings|pa ènìyàn tó ju 30 lọ ní Bodo]], Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-attacks-idUSKCN0V318T|title=Suicide bombers kill 32, wound dozens in northern Cameroon|first=Josiane|last=Kouagheu|newspaper=Reuters|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2016|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2021|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> ==== Àwọn ikọlù Dalori, Dikwa àti Maiduguri ==== Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 86 [[2016 Dalori attack|ló kú]] láti ọwọ́ Boko Haram ní [[Dalori]], Borno. Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kejì, àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọbìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra méjì [[Dikwa suicide bombings|pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 60]] ní ibùdó [[internally displaced person|àwọn tí ogun lé kúrò nílé]] ní [[Dikwa]], Borno. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra méjì [[March 2016 Maiduguri bombings|pa ènìyàn 22]] ní ẹ̀yìn odi Maiduguri. ==== Ìjà abẹ́nú Boko Haram-IS àti pípàdánù agbègbè ==== Ní Oṣù Kẹta, ìròyìn sọ pé Boko Haram ti lo àwọn erékùṣù ní [[Lake Chad]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibùdó.<ref name="Chad">{{cite news|title=Boko Haram militants 'took my children' in Chad|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35882396|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|publisher=BBC News Africa|date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327055815/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35882396|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Bí agbára Boko Haram ṣe ń dín kù, wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ṣàríwísí ìdarí Shekau láàrin Boko Haram àti olú-àṣẹ ISIL. Àwọn wọ̀nyí gbìyànjú ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà láti yí Shekau lérò padà kí ó yí ọgbọ́n ìjà rẹ̀ tàbí àwọn èrò rẹ̀ tí ó ti pọ̀jù padà (bíi kíkà gbogbo ènìyàn sí òbìlẹ̀jẹ́ tí kò bá ti dúró gbọn-in pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ ní gbangba, títí kan gbogbo Mùsùlùmí). Shekau kọ̀ jálẹ̀, ó sì ṣàìgbọràn sí "[[Caliph]]" ISIL [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] ní gbangba lórí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ oríṣiríṣi. ISIL àti àwọn apá kan nínú Boko Haram parí èrò sí pé kò ṣe é faradà mọ́, nígbà tí wọ́n yọ Shekau kúrò ní ipò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí vali ti Ẹ̀ka Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà ti ISIL ní Oṣù Kẹjọ. [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]], ọmọ olùdásílẹ̀ Boko Haram Mohammed Yusuf ni wọ́n yàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí arọ́pò rẹ̀. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí yọrí sí ìpínyà ní gbangba láàrin àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Nàìjíríà náà. Shekau kọ̀ láti gba yíyọ tí wọ́n yọ ọ́, ó kó ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn jọ, ó sì fi agbára lòdì sí Barnawi àti olú-àṣẹ ISIL. Barnawi àti àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ olótìítọ́ sí i náà kéde ẹgbẹ́ Shekau gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''[[Khawarij]]''.<ref name="Province vs Shekau"/> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ méjèèjì di àjọ tó dá dúró, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn Shekau tí wọ́n tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní lo orúkọ wọn àtijọ́ "Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād" (àwọn òde ń pe ẹgbẹ́ yìí ní "Boko Haram"), nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ ogun Barnawi ń bá iṣẹ́ lọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Islamic State's West Africa Province" (ISWAP). Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì sábà máa ń kórìíra ara wọn, wọ́n sì ń bá ara wọn jà, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó ṣeéṣe kí wọ́n fọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan lòdì sí àwọn ọ̀tá wọn àpapọ̀.<ref name="offemsive jan 2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2019/01/thousands-flee-islamic-state-west-africa-offensive-in-northeast-nigeria.php |title=Thousands flee Islamic State West Africa offensive in northeast Nigeria |author1=Thomas Joscelyn |author2=Caleb Weiss |work=Long War Journal |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2019 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231528/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2019/01/thousands-flee-islamic-state-west-africa-offensive-in-northeast-nigeria.php |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ, Major General Lucky Irabor sọ pé àwọn abúlé àti ìlú díẹ̀ péré lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Lake Chad àti ní Sambisa Forest ni àwọn jagunjagun náà ṣì ń darí. Ó tún sọ pé àwọn ológun ń retí láti gba àwọn ibùdó agbára tó kù lọ́wọ́ ẹgbẹ́ náà láàrin ọ̀sẹ̀ díẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian Army Commander: Only Weeks Left for Boko Haram|url=http://english.aawsat.com/2016/09/article55357543/nigerian-army-commander-weeks-left-boko-haram|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2016|publisher=Asharq al-Awsat|date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901194717/http://english.aawsat.com/2016/09/article55357543/nigerian-army-commander-weeks-left-boko-haram|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá, Ààrẹ Muhammadu Buhari sọ pé wọ́n ti lé Boko Haram kúrò ní ibùdó agbára wọn tó kẹyìn ní Sambisa Forest, èyí tí ó sọ Boko Haram di ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ lásán.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram 'ousted from Sambisa forest bastion'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38427462|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702122435/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38427462|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Keje ọdún 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram 'crushed' by Nigerian army in final forest stronghold|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/boko-haram-nigerian-army-sambisa-forest-a7494176.html|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|work=The Independent|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226171054/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/boko-haram-nigerian-army-sambisa-forest-a7494176.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="last Boko Haram base taken">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/buhari-boko-haram-base-retaken-sambisa-forest-161224125809113.html|title=Buhari: Last Boko Haram base taken in Sambisa Forest|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503041045/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/buhari-boko-haram-base-retaken-sambisa-forest-161224125809113.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìṣẹ́gun yìí fi Boko Haram sílẹ̀ láìní agbègbè kankan lọ́wọ́; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, Boko Haram ṣì ní agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe àwọn ikọlù.<ref name="not yet over">{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/columns/573818/boko-haram-war-not-yet-over|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224105023/http://leadership.ng/columns/573818/boko-haram-war-not-yet-over|url-status=dead|title=Boko Haram War Not Yet Over|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2017|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2021}}</ref> === 2017 === [[File:RéfugiésMaiduguri2016C.jpg|thumb|left|Àwọn tí ogun lé kúrò nílé ní Maiduguri]] Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kínní, ẹgbẹ́ àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram kọ lu ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní Yobe, wọ́n pa sójà márùn-ún. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ṣe ikọlù ẹ̀san wọ́n sì pa jagunjagun 15.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Roy|first1=Ananya|title=5 Nigerian soldiers, 15 attackers killed in Boko Haram attack on army base in Yobe state|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/5-nigerian-soldiers-15-attackers-killed-boko-haram-attack-army-base-yobe-state-1599978|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|work=International Business Times UK|date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110085929/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/5-nigerian-soldiers-15-attackers-killed-boko-haram-attack-army-base-yobe-state-1599978|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní, ọkọ̀ òfuurufú [[Nigerian Air Force|Agbófinró Ojú Òfuurufú Nàìjíríà]] [[2017 Nigerian refugee camp bombing|fi àṣìṣe sọ bọ́ǹbù]] sí [[IDP camp|ibùdó IDP]] tí ó wà nítòsí ààlà Cameroon ní [[Rann, Borno|Rann]], Borno, nítorí wọ́n rò pé ibùdó Boko Haram ni.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Nigeria air strike error kills up to 100 in refugee camp|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-38654991|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117181234/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-38654991|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CBC">{{cite news|title=Nigeria air force jet mistakenly bombs refugees, aid workers|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nigeria-refugee-camp-military-strike-1.3939242|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|work=CBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117174334/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nigeria-refugee-camp-military-strike-1.3939242|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wp">{{cite news|title=Nigerian military 'mistake' kills at least 50 in attack on safe-haven town|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-military-mistake-kills-at-least-50-in-strike-on-refugee-camp/2017/01/17/e5aade92-dcd9-11e6-918c-99ede3c8cafa_story.html|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117235525/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-military-mistake-kills-at-least-50-in-strike-on-refugee-camp/2017/01/17/e5aade92-dcd9-11e6-918c-99ede3c8cafa_story.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù náà fi òkú ènìyàn 115 sílẹ̀.<ref name="bbc 1/24">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38730741 |title=Nigeria air strike dead 'rises to 115' in Rann |publisher=BBC News Online |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124115343/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38730741 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹta, ó kéré jù ènìyàn mẹ́fà ló kú tí 16 sì fara pa nígbà tí àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra mẹ́rin [[March 2017 Maiduguri bombings|fún ara wọn ní bọ́ǹbù]] ní ẹ̀yìn odi ìlú Maiduguri.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/6-killed-in-nigeria-as-teenage-girls-detonate-explosives/2017/03/15/f7333404-0969-11e7-bd19-fd3afa0f7e2a_story.html|title=6 killed in Nigeria as teenage girls detonate explosives|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052114/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/6-killed-in-nigeria-as-teenage-girls-detonate-explosives/2017/03/15/f7333404-0969-11e7-bd19-fd3afa0f7e2a_story.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹta, [[State Security Service (Nigeria)|Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Ààbò Nàìjíríà]] (DSS) kéde pé àwọn ti mú afurasi ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram kan ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe. Afurasi náà jẹ́wọ́ kíkún nípa èrò láti kọ lu àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aṣojú ti Amẹ́ríkà àti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti àwọn ibi mìíràn tí àwọn òyìnbó wà ní Abuja. DSS tún kéde lẹ́yìn náà pé láàrin ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n àti kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn ti mú afurasi ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram márùn-ún, èyí tí ó ba èrò náà jẹ́.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/nigeria-says-thwarts-boko-haram-plans-to-attack-british-and-us-embassies/ar-BBzKScm?li=AA59G2&ocid=spartanntp|title=Nigeria says thwarts Boko Haram plans to attack British and U.S. embassies|publisher=Reuters|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416045312/http://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/nigeria-says-thwarts-boko-haram-plans-to-attack-british-and-us-embassies/ar-BBzKScm?li=AA59G2&ocid=spartanntp|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ohun tí wọ́n pè ní "ikọlù ìparí" láti gba àwọn ibùdó agbára tó kù lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/video/news/2017/04/nigerian-army-final-push-remove-boko-haram-170402083303123.html|title=Nigerian army in 'final push' to remove Boko Haram|publisher=al Jazeera|date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406013004/http://www.aljazeera.com/video/news/2017/04/nigerian-army-final-push-remove-boko-haram-170402083303123.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Karùn-ún, Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ròyìn pé àwọn ti mú nǹkan bí 126 afurasi apániláyà Boko Haram ní ibùdó àwọn tí ogun lé kúrò nílé (IDPs) ní Damboa, Borno.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/news/army-arrests-126-boko-haram-suspects-in-borno-idps-camp/|title=Army arrests 126 Boko Haram suspects in Borno IDPs camp|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2017|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518060550/https://guardian.ng/news/army-arrests-126-boko-haram-suspects-in-borno-idps-camp/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Soldiers at war.jpg|thumb|right|Àwọn sójà [[Nigerian Army|Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà]] lásìkò iṣẹ́ [[counter-insurgency|gbigbogun ti ọlọ̀tẹ̀]] sí Boko Haram ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 2017]] Ní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram jí nǹkan bí 40 àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọdé gbé, wọ́n sì pa 18 ní ìlú Banki, 130 km ní gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn [[Maiduguri]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, ní ààlà Nàìjíríà àti Cameroon.<ref name="kd">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/islamic-fighters-kidnap-dozens-and-kill-18-in-brutal-raid-pqsbxf3wh|title=Boko Haram kidnaps dozens and kills 18 in brutal raid|last1=Kelley|first1=Jeremy|date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017|last2=Alfa|first2=Ismail|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908175139/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/world/boko-haram-kidnaps-dozens-and-kills-18-in-brutal-raid-on-camp-pqsbxf3wh|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìròyìn sọ pé Boko Haram ti pa ènìyàn 380 láàrin Oṣù Kẹrin àti Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ní agbègbè Lake Chad.<ref name="kd"/> Nǹkan bí 57% gbogbo àwọn ilé-ìwé ní ìpínlẹ̀ Borno ni wọ́n ti tì nítorí rògbòdìyàn Boko Haram, èyí tí ó ní ipa lórí ẹ̀kọ́ nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù 3 ọmọdé.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=57773#.Wc_nyo-CzIV |title=Over half of schools remain closed in epicentre of Boko Haram crisis in Nigeria – UNICEF |date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017 |access-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001045436/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=57773#.Wc_nyo-CzIV |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra kan [[2017 Mubi bombing|pa ènìyàn 50]] ní mọ́ṣáláṣí kan ní Mubi. Ní Oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn jagunjagun tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ ti ISWAP [[December 2017 Chad Basin clash|kọ lu ẹgbẹ́ ológun abójútó]] ti US Army Special Forces àti àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà ní Agbègbè Lake Chad Basin ní Niger. Àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ náà ṣàṣeyọrí láti dènà ikọlù náà láì sí ẹni tí ó kú nínú wọn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/special-forces-in-niger-firefight-2018-3|title=US Special Forces troops killed 11 ISIS fighters in an undisclosed firefight in Niger|first=David|last=Choi|website=Business Insider|access-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407135332/https://www.businessinsider.com/special-forces-in-niger-firefight-2018-3|archive-date=7 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Omenma|first1=J. Tochukwu|last2=Onyishi|first2=Ike E.|last3=Okolie|first3=Alyious‑Michaels|date=2020-04-08|title=Correction to: A decade of Boko Haram activities: the attacks, responses and challenges ahead|journal=Security Journal|volume=33|issue=3|page=514|language=en|doi=10.1057/s41284-020-00243-5|issn=0955-1662|doi-access=free}}</ref> === 2018 === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejì, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra mẹ́ta [[2018 Konduga bombings|pa nǹkan bí ènìyàn 20]] ní Konduga. Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kejì, Boko Haram [[Dapchi schoolgirls kidnapping|jí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́bìnrin 110 gbé]] láti [[Dapchi]], Yobe. Nígbà tí ó fi di Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ méjèèjì ṣì wà lẹ́nu iṣẹ́, wọ́n sì ń bá ogun lọdì sí ìjọba: Àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn Abubakar Shekau (Boko Haram) ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní pàtàkì ní gúúsù Borno, nígbà tí ẹgbẹ́ Abu Musab al-Barnawi (ISWAP) pọ̀ jùlọ ní àyíká [[Lake Chad]].<ref name="Dialogue End"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù Boko Haram pa ó kéré jù àwọn ará ìlú mẹ́rin ní ẹ̀yìn odi Maiduguri, ìlú tí ó tóbi jùlọ ní Borno. Ìbọn bíbà àti gaasi-oúnjẹ lẹ́yìn náà láti ọwọ́ àwọn agbófinró lé àwọn olùkọlù náà padà, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ méjì sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ọgbẹ́ àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn mìíràn tí wọ́n fara pa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Boko Haram bomb attacks kill four civilians in Nigeria|url=http://www.shiitenews.org/index.php/rest-of-world/item/34199-boko-haram-bomb-attacks-kill-four-civilians-in-nigeria|website=Shiite News|publisher=Shiitenews.com|access-date=29 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429222400/http://www.shiitenews.org/index.php/rest-of-world/item/34199-boko-haram-bomb-attacks-kill-four-civilians-in-nigeria|archive-date=29 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Karùn-ún, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra méjì [[2018 Mubi suicide bombings|pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn]] ní Mubi. Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Keje, ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà sọnù lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọ ogun ISWAP tí Abu Musab al-Barnawi darí borí ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kan ní agbègbè àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Ó dín sí 100 àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n padà wá lẹ́yìn ikọlù náà, ikọlù náà wáyé ní wákàtí 24 lẹ́yìn tí ISIL dènà àwọn ọmọ ogun tí ń rìn ní ọ̀wọ̀ ní Borno aládùúgbò. Ikọlù lórí ibùdó náà yọrí sí ogun tí ó tó wákàtí kan, kò sí ìdánilójú bóyá ẹnìkan kú nínú ikọlù náà, ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn ìjọba ní agbègbè náà sọ pé àwọn ológun pàdánù àwọn ènìyàn díẹ̀, ikọlù yìí jẹ́ àṣeyọrí pàtàkì àkọ́kọ́ fún Boko Haram láti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/hundreds-of-nigerian-troops-missing-after-boko-haram-overruns-base/ |title=Hundreds of Nigerian troops missing after Boko Haram overruns base |date=15 July 2018 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716054258/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/hundreds-of-nigerian-troops-missing-after-boko-haram-overruns-base/ |archive-date=16 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, àwọn jagunjagun ISWAP ṣàṣeyọrí láti gba ìlú Gudumbali ní àárín gbùngbùn Borno, èyí tí ó sàmì sí àṣeyọrí pàtàkì wọn àkọ́kọ́ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ọdún méjì.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Boko-Haram-captures-Nigerian-town/1066-4750642-xwp6r2/index.html |title=Boko Haram captures Gudumbali after troop attack |publisher=Daily Nation |date=9 September 2018 |access-date=24 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916022743/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Boko-Haram-captures-Nigerian-town/1066-4750642-xwp6r2/index.html |archive-date=16 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejì, Ẹ̀ka Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà ti ISIL gbé fídíò jáde tí ó fi àwòrán ogun pẹ̀lú [[Nigerian Army|Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà]] ní agbègbè náà hàn.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jihadology.net/2018/09/08/new-video-message-from-the-islamic-state-disperse-by-means-of-them-wilayat-gharb-ifriqiyyah/ |title=New video message from the Islamic State: "Disperse by &#91;Means Of&#93; Them – Wilāyat Gharb Ifrīqīyyah" |access-date=9 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014515/https://jihadology.net/2018/09/08/new-video-message-from-the-islamic-state-disperse-by-means-of-them-wilayat-gharb-ifriqiyyah/ |archive-date=10 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ìparí Oṣù Kejìlá, ISWAP bẹ̀rẹ̀ ikọlù mìíràn wọ́n sì gba Baga ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref name="offemsive jan 2019"/> Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá, ìjà ní inú àti àyíká Lake Chad le sí i, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)|ogun Chad Basin]], èyí tí ó wà títí di Oṣù Kejì 2020. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, àwọn jagunjagun ISWAP kọ lu ibùdó ológun ní Metele, Borno, wọ́n pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 118 nígbà tí ó kéré jù 153 mìíràn sọnù lẹ́yìn ikọlù náà, àwọn jagunjagun náà tún gba àwọn tanki ogun, ọkọ̀ ogun, ìbọn ńlá, ohun ìjà, àti ọta ìbọn.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/297343-metele-boko-haram-attack-soldiers-death-toll-rises-to-118-over-150-missing.html|title=Metele Boko Haram Attack: Soldiers' death toll rises to 118; over 150 missing|work=premiumtimesng.com|access-date=24 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security-insurgency/militants-kill-around-100-nigerian-soldiers-in-attack-on-army-base-sources-idUSKCN1NR1SR|title=Militants kill around 100 Nigerian soldiers in attack on army base: sources|work=Reuters|access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/nine-farmers-killed-boko-haram-attack-nigeria-002007723.html|title=Boko Haram attacks leave 53 dead in pre-election show of force|work=yahoo.com|access-date=20 November 2018|archive-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120205440/https://www.yahoo.com/news/nine-farmers-killed-boko-haram-attack-nigeria-002007723.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=20 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120205440/https://www.yahoo.com/news/nine-farmers-killed-boko-haram-attack-nigeria-002007723.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/many-soldiers-killed-dozens-injured-as-insurgents-invade-base-in-borno.html|title=Many soldiers killed, dozens injured as insurgents invade base in Borno|work=dailytrust.com.ng|access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> === 2019 === [[File:ISWAP and Boko Haram territory in early 2019.png|thumb|Wíwà àti agbára [[Islamic State|ISWAP]] àti Boko Haram ní àríwá Nàìjíríà, Cameroon, àti Niger ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2019, lẹ́yìn àṣeyọrí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ lásìkò [[Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)|ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ogun Chad Basin]]]] {{expand section|date=Oṣù Kẹwàá 2021}} ISWAP ti Barnawi ṣe ikọlù ńlá ní Oṣù Kínní, wọ́n kọ lu ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ibùdó ológun Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú àwọn ti Magumeri àti Gajiram. Àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà tún gba àti pa ìlú IDP ti [[Rann, Borno|Rann]] run, wọ́n tún lé àwọn olùgbé rẹ̀ kúrò nílé lẹ́ẹ̀kan sí i. Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ sọ pé ISWAP ló fa ìparun Rann,<ref name="offemsive jan 2019"/><ref name="rann">{{cite web |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/17/nigeria-boko-haram-shekau-faction-claims-rann-attack-video/ |title=Shekau Boko Haram faction claims attack in Rann, Nigeria |author=Fergus Kelly |work=Defense Post |date=17 January 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231534/https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/17/nigeria-boko-haram-shekau-faction-claims-rann-attack-video/ |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ṣùgbọ́n Boko Haram ti Shekau wá sọ lẹ́yìn náà pé àwọn ló ṣe é.<ref name="rann"/> Àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra Boko Haram mẹ́ta [[2019 Konduga bombings|pa]] ènìyàn 30 ní Konduga, Borno, ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹfà. Boko Haram [[Nganzai funeral attack|yìnbọn pa]] ó kéré jù ènìyàn 65 ní [[Nganzai]], Borno, tí wọ́n ń rìn lọ sílé láti ibi ìsìnkú ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Keje. === 2020 === Apá àkọ́kọ́ ti ọdún 2020 parọ́rọ́ díẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram [[2020 Gamboru bombing|fi bọ́ǹbù sọ ọjà kan]] ní Gamboru, Borno, ó pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 38. Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 30 ní Auno, Borno.<ref name="BBC_2020-02-10">{{cite news |title=Nigeria militants burn to death motorists as they sleep in their cars |url=https://bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-51445070 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=BBC News |date=10 February 2020}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹta wọ́n kọ lu ibùdó ológun kan ní [[Toumour]], wọ́n ṣe sójà kan léṣe àti nínú èyí tí wọ́n ti pa ọlọ̀tẹ̀ 50.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/niger-army-kills-50-boko-haram-extremists-attack-69638184 Niger says army kills 50 boko Haram extremists after attack]</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹta, wọ́n ṣe [[March 2020 Chad and Nigeria massacres|ìpakúpa]] lòdì sí Ọmọ Ogun Chad àti Nàìjíríà. Mínísítà Ètò Ààbò Chad, [[Mahamat Abali Salah]], kéde ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta nípa ìfilọ́lẹ̀ "[[Operation Boma's Wrath]]", ní ìdáhùn sí ìpakúpa ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹta ti Boko Haram. Erò iṣẹ́ náà ni láti pa àwọn Boko Haram tó kù ní agbègbè [[Lake Chad]] run, wọ́n sọ iṣẹ́ náà ní orúkọ erékùṣù níbi tí Boko Haram ti ṣe ikọlù wákàtí méje, èyí tí Ààrẹ Chad [[Idriss Déby]] sọ pé, òun ni ó burú jù tí àwọn ológun orílẹ̀-èdè náà tí ì jìyà rẹ̀ rí. Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹfà, Boko Haram [[Gubio massacre|pa àwọn ará abúlé 81]] nínú ìyinbọn púpọ̀ ní [[Gubio]], Borno. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹfà, Boko Haram pa ó kéré jù sójà 20 ní Monguno àti àwọn ará ìlú tó ju 40 lọ ní Nganzai.{{Citation needed|date=Oṣù Kọkànlá 2023}} Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje, Boko Haram kọ lu ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ gómìnà Borno, [[Babagana Umara Zulum|Babagana Zulum]]. Ènìyàn márùn-ún ló kú nínú ìjà náà, pẹ̀lú ọlọ́pàá mẹ́ta. Gómìnà kò fara pa.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-07-29|title=BREAKING: Boko Haram Attacks Convoy Of Borno Governor, Zulum, In Baga|url=http://saharareporters.com/2020/07/29/breaking-boko-haram-attacks-convoy-borno-governor-zulum-baga|access-date=2021-01-11|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹjọ, Boko Haram pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 18 nínú ikọlù [[grenade]] lórí ibùdó [[Internally displaced person|IDP]] ní Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon.<ref name="2020-08-02">{{cite news |last1=Kouagheu |first1=Josiane |last2=McAllister |first2=Edward McAllister |title=Suspected Boko Haram militants kill 16 in northern Cameroon |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security-boko-haram-cameroon-idUSKBN24Y0B3 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=Reuters (www.reuters.com) |agency=Reuters |date=2 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AA_2022-08-02">{{cite news |last1=Arslan |first1=Fatma Esma |title=Cameroon: 18 civilians killed in Boko Haram attack |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/cameroon-18-civilians-killed-in-boko-haram-attack/1929680 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=www.aa.com.tr |agency=Anadolu Agency (AA) |publisher=AA News Broadcasting System (HAS) |date=2 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="UNHCR_2020-08-04">{{Cite web |last=Baloch |first=Babar |title=UNHCR outraged by attack on camp hosting displaced people in Cameroon, at least 18 people killed|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2020/8/5f291a704/unhcr-outraged-attack-camp-hosting-displaced-people-cameroon-18-people.html |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=UNHCR (www.unhcr.org)|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹjọ, ISWAP pa àwọn [[aid worker|òṣìṣẹ́ olùrànlọ́wọ́]] ilẹ̀ Faransé mẹ́fà àti àwọn ará ìlú Niger méjì ní [[Kouré, Niger|Kouré]], Tillabéri Region, Niger.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-niger-security-idUSKBN2682JX|title=Islamic State claims killing of French aid workers in Niger|publisher=Reuters|date=17 September 2020|access-date=24 February 2021|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹjọ, àwọn jagunjagun Islamic State kó ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ènìyàn ní ìgbèkùn ní Borno.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=ISWAP terrorists take hundreds hostage in Nigerian town: sources|url=https://guardian.ng/news/iswap-terrorists-take-hundreds-hostage-in-nigerian-town-sources/|access-date=2020-10-27|website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-us}}</ref> Oṣù Kẹsàn-án rí ìlọsókè nínú àwọn ikọlù. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé Kurmari, níbi tí wọ́n ti pa àwọn ará ìlú mẹ́rin lójú orun. Wọ́n tún kọ lu abúlé méjì ní ẹ̀yìn odi Maiduguri, àwọn ará ìlú mẹ́fà ló kú nínú ikọlù yìí.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-08|title=Boko Haram Kill 10 Civilians in Northeast Nigeria|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2020/09/08/boko-haram-kill-civilians-nigeria/|access-date=2021-01-11|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà ṣe iṣẹ́ ogun lòdì sí Boko Haram ní ìlú Hamdaga Makaranta ní ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ [[Gwoza]]. Àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ márùn-ún ló kú tí wọ́n sì gba àwọn ògbèkùn méje sílẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ ló fara pa ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ṣàṣeyọrí láti sálọ.<ref>{{cite web|title=5 Boko Haram militants killed in Nigerian military's operation – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/07/c_139349933.htm|access-date=2021-01-11|website=www.xinhuanet.com|archive-date=21 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021080740/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/07/c_139349933.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé kan ní agbègbè Lake Chad ní Chad, wọ́n jí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará ìlú gbé.<ref>{{cite web|last=AFP|first=French Press Agency-|date=2020-09-25|title=Chadian forces kill 20 Boko Haram fighters, free hostages|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/africa/chadian-forces-kill-20-boko-haram-fighters-free-hostages|access-date=2021-01-11|website=Daily Sabah|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà ṣe iṣẹ́ ogun ojú òfuurufú lòdì sí Boko Haram ní Kassa Kura ní Maiduguri. Ọlọ̀tẹ̀ mẹ́rìndínlógún kú, 38 ni wọ́n mú, wọ́n sì gba ohun ìjà wọn. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ ló sálọ pẹ̀lú ọgbẹ́.<ref>{{cite web|title=16 Boko Haram militants killed in NE Nigeria – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/19/c_139381170.htm|access-date=2021-01-11|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, [[Military of Chad|Ológun Chad]] kọ lu Boko Haram ní abúlé Barkalam nítòsí ààlà pẹ̀lú Nàìjíríà, jagunjagun Boko Haram 15 ló kú nínú ìjà náà, wọ́n gba ògbèkùn 12 sílẹ̀. Boko Haram àti Ológun Chad tún jà ní Bilabrim lẹ́yìn náà níbi tí wọ́n ti pa ọlọ̀tẹ̀ márùn-ún tí sójà Chad méjì sì fara pa. Ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ológun, wọ́n pa sójà 3 níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà wọ́n sì ṣe Colonel Dahiru Bako ní ọgbẹ́ ikú.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigerian Military Leader, Fatally Wounded in Boko Haram Ambush, Remembered as Hero|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_nigerian-military-leader-fatally-wounded-boko-haram-ambush-remembered-hero/6196323.html|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Voice of America|date=24 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ológun tí ń sin àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba nítòsí ìlú Monguno, wọ́n pa 15; Ọlọ́pàá mẹ́jọ, sójà mẹ́ta, àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Civilian Joint Task Force mẹ́rin.<ref>{{cite web|title=At least 15 Nigerian security personnel killed in ambush by Boko Haram: media – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/26/c_139399059.htm|access-date=2021-01-10|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram kọ lu [[Babagana Umara Zulum|Babagana Zulum]] àti ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ rẹ̀ nítòsí Baga. Zulum kò fara pa ṣùgbọ́n ènìyàn 30 kú nínú ikọlù náà; ọlọ́pàá méjìlá, sójà márùn-ún, ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn ìjọba mẹ́rin àti ará ìlú mẹ́sàn-án. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn fara pa.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-26|title=Dozens killed in jihadist attack on Nigeria governor's convoy|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200926-dozens-killed-in-jihadist-attack-on-nigeria-governor-s-convoy|access-date=2021-01-10|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, àwọn jagunjagun Islamic State kọ lu ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ kan ní Borno, wọ́n pa ènìyàn 18.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-09-27|title=Nigerian soldiers and police killed in IS ambush in Borno state|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54315623|access-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ [[Babagana Umara Zulum|Babagana Zulum]] rí kẹ́tẹ́kẹ́tẹ́ kan ní ojú ọ̀nà wọ́n sì yìnbọn lu u. Lẹ́yìn tí kẹ́tẹ́kẹ́tẹ́ náà bú, àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tí wọ́n [[animal-borne bomb attacks|gbin bọ́ǹbù sára rẹ̀]] jáde láti ibi tí wọ́n sápamọ́ sí wọ́n sì yìnbọn lù wọ́n. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram ló kú nínú ìyinbọn padà tí ó tẹ̀le e, nígbà tí ẹnìkan kò fara pa tàbí kú nínú ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ Zulum. Àwọn ọkọ̀ inú ọ̀wọ̀ náà bàjẹ́ nítorí ọta ìbọn.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news|date=2020-09-28|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram crisis: 'Bomb on donkey' used to ambush Borno governor|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54331260|access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref> Ìwà ipá tún padà wáyé ní Oṣù Kọkànlá. Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kọkànlá, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé Takulashi nítòsí Chibok; wọ́n wá láti Sambisa Forest. Àwọn ológun alátìlẹ́yìn ìjọba láti Chibok kó ara wọn jọ sínú ọkọ̀ ńlá méjì wọ́n sì gbìyànjú láti gbèjà abúlé náà ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà pọ̀jù wọ́n lọ wọ́n sì ṣàṣeyọrí láti gba ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ọkọ̀ ńlá wọn. Ènìyàn méjìlá ló kú wọ́n sì jí ará ìlú méje gbé.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-11-02|title=Boko Haram 'kills 12' in raid near Nigeria's Chibok ---|url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/boko-haram-kills-12-in-raid-near-nigerias-chibok/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Macau Business|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kọkànlá, [[Nigerian Armed Forces|Àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà]] ṣe iṣẹ́ ogun méjì lòdì sí Boko Haram. Ní abúlé Buni Gari ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram 5 ló kú tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Ológun Nàìjíríà tún gba ògbèkùn mẹ́rin sílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram nínú iṣẹ́ ogun mìíràn.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigerian troops kill five Boko Haram militants, rescue four hostages – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-11/10/c_139505867.htm|access-date=2021-01-10|website=www.xinhuanet.com|archive-date=21 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021122205/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-11/10/c_139505867.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, Boko Haram dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ológun Nàìjíríà láàrin Jagiran àti Monguno. Sójà mẹ́fà kú tí 26 sì fara pa nínú ìdènà náà, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sójà tún sọnù.<ref name="bs">{{cite web|date=2020-11-23|title=Boko Haram Kills Fifteen over Two Days in Borno State|url=https://www.persecution.org/2020/11/23/boko-haram-kills-fifteen-two-days-borno-state/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Persecution|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, Ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ti [[List of Governors of Borno State|gómìnà Borno]], [[Babagana Umara Zulum|Babagana Zulum]] ni wọ́n kọ lu nígbà tí ó ń rìnrìn-àjò láti lọ bá àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba pàdé ní Baga. Sójà méje àti ará ìlú méjì ló kú nínú ìdènà yìí, ṣùgbọ́n gómìnà kò fara pa. Ìpàdé rẹ̀ jẹ́ fífagilé.<ref name="bs"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá, Boko Haram ṣe ikọlù sí abúlé Gabass tí ó jẹ́ ti Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì ní Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon. Ará ìlú mẹ́ta kú wọ́n sì jí ẹnìkan gbé. Boko Haram tún kọ lu abúlé Guidi ní agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ níbi tí wọ́n ti dáná sun ilé márùn-ún.<ref>{{cite web|title=Three people killed, one abducted in Boko Haram attack on Christian village in Cameroon|url=https://news.barnabasfund.org/Three-people-killed--one-abducted-in-Boko-Haram-attack-on-Christian-village-in-Cameroon/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=news.barnabasfund.org|date=27 November 2020|language=en|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112195310/https://news.barnabasfund.org/Three-people-killed--one-abducted-in-Boko-Haram-attack-on-Christian-village-in-Cameroon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá, Boko Haram [[Koshebe massacre|ṣe ìpakúpa àwọn àgbẹ̀ tó tó 110]] ní Koshebe, Borno.<ref name="BBC News" /> Oṣù Kejìlá rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjígbé, àti ìwà ipá tí ó dá lórí Kérésìmesì. Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram [[Kankara kidnapping|jí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì tó ju 330 gbé ní Kankara]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina. Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kejìlá, nǹkan bí 70 jagunjagun Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé [[Toumour]] ní Niger ní nǹkan bí aago márùn-ún kẹ́ẹ̀dógún ìrọ̀lẹ́ (17:45) [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]. Ó kéré jù ènìyàn 27 ló kú, tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì sọnù tàbí fara pa. Lásìkò ikọlù náà wọ́n dáná sun ilé láàrin 800 àti 1000,<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/gunmen-kill-28-burn-800-houses-niger-attack-blamed-boko-haram-2020-12-14/ Gunmen kill 28, burn 800 houses in Niger attack blamed on Boko Haram]</ref> ọjà àárín gbùngbùn àti àwọn ọkọ̀ oríṣiríṣi. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ kan ṣe sọ, ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó 60% abúlé náà ló parun nípasẹ̀ ikọlù tí ó tó wákàtí 3.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-12-14|title=At Least 27 Killed in Niger in Boko Haram Attack|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2020/12/14/boko-haram-kills-27-niger/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì ti Pemi ní Borno. Àwọn olùkọlù náà sun ilé 10 wọ́n sì kó oúnjẹ tí wọ́n fẹ́ pín fún àwọn olùgbé láti fi ṣayẹyẹ [[Christmas|Kérésìmesì]]; wọ́n tún kó oògùn láti abúlé náà. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ààbò ti kìlọ̀ pé ikọlù lórí ayẹyẹ Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì ṣeéṣe, nítorí náà ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olùgbé ṣàṣeyọrí láti sá fún ikọlù náà. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀ ará ìlú 11 ló kú pẹ̀lú àlùfáà Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì kan.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-12-25|title=Boko Haram kill villagers in Christmas Eve attack|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55448105|access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ Kérésìmesì kan náà Boko Haram jí nǹkan bí 40 [[Lumberjack|agbógilálà]] gbé ní igbó Wulgo; agbógilálà mẹ́ta kú nígbà tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú láti sálọ. Àwọn agbógilálà láti abúlé Shehuri ní Borno lọ sí igbó ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò padà ní ìrọ̀lẹ́ bí wọ́n ti máa ń ṣe. Ní ọjọ́ kejì olórí ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn ìjọba kó àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìwádìí jọ tí wọ́n lọ sínú igbó tí wọ́n sì rí òkú mẹ́ta.<ref>{{cite web|last=France-Press|first=Agence|date=2020-12-26|title=Boko Haram kidnaps 40 loggers and kills three in north-east Nigeria|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/26/boko-haram-kidnaps-40-loggers-and-kills-three-in-north-east-nigeria|access-date=2021-01-10|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram kọ lu àwọn abúlé Shafa, Azare, àti Tashan Alade ní Borno. Ènìyàn mẹ́wàá kú nínú àwọn ikọlù náà, meje nínú wọn jẹ́ ará ìlú, ọlọ́pàá méjì, àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ológun [[Civilian Joint Task Force|CJTF]] kan. Ilé, ṣọ́ọ̀bù, ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì àti àgọ́ ọlọ́pàá kan ló jóná nínú àwọn ikọlù náà.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-12-28|title=At Least 10 Dead in Boko Haram Attack in Nigeria's Borno State|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2020/12/28/boko-haram-kills-10-nigeria/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, Bọ́ǹbù tí Boko Haram gbin sílẹ̀ ní abúlé Larothe Gomani<ref name="sp">{{cite web|title=Boko Haram Landmines Kill 11 Nigerian Security Personnel|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_boko-haram-landmines-kill-11-nigerian-security-personnel/6200128.html|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Voice of America|date=29 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> pa sójà Nàìjíríà mẹ́rin. Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn ọdẹ méje kú tí mẹ́sàn-án mìíràn sì fara pa lẹ́yìn tí ọkọ̀ wọn tẹ [[landmine|bọ́ǹbù ilẹ̀]] tí Boko Haram gbìn nítòsí abúlé Kayamla. Ìjọba ló gbà wọ́n síṣẹ́ láti ran wọn lọ́wọ́ láti bá àwọn ẹgbẹ́ jihadist jà, nígbà tí ọkọ̀ wọn tẹ bọ́ǹbù ilẹ̀ wọ́n ń lé àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram.<ref name="sp"/> === 2021 === Ìwà ipá pọ̀ jù ní ìdajì àkọ́kọ́ ọdún 2021. Oṣù Kínní rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ikọlù. Ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kínní, [[Multinational Joint Task Force]] ṣe ìgbálẹ̀ yíká [[Kolofata]], nígbà ìjà náà jagunjagun Boko Haram mẹ́ta ló kú tí wọ́n sì mú méjì.<ref name="ha">{{cite news|last=Forku and Kum|first=Rodrigue and Peter|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2021|title=Cameroon: 4 civilians dead in Boko Haram attacks|work=Anadolu Agency|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/cameroon-4-civilians-dead-in-boko-haram-attacks/2098128|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2021}}</ref> Ológun Nàìjíríà kéde iṣẹ́ Operation Tuka Takaibango ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kínní.<ref name="gp">{{cite web|date=2021-01-08|title=How Boko Haram attacked Geidam – Police {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/435506-how-boko-haram-attacked-geidam-police.html|access-date=2021-01-10|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kínní, ní nǹkan bí aago mẹrin òwúrọ̀ Boko Haram yìnbọn pa ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùṣọ́ ìbílẹ̀ mẹ́ta ní agbègbè Mayo Moskota. Boko Haram pa ará ìlú kan ní agbègbè Kolofata ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kan náà.<ref name="ha"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram wọ ìlú [[Geidam]], Yobe. Wọ́n rí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà ní ẹ̀yìn odi Geidam ní aago kan ọ̀sán. Òkìkí nípa àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà tàn ká ìlú náà lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀, ó sì fa ìdádúró àwọn iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ fún wákàtí kan ààbọ̀, lẹ́yìn tí kò sí nǹkan tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ àwọn ènìyàn ń bá àwọn iṣẹ́ wọn lọ. Àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram kó ara wọn jọ sí àwọn ibi pàtàkì bíi ọjà Geidam pẹ̀lú ètò tí ó wà ní ìṣọ̀kan ní aago márùn-ún ààbọ̀ ìrọ̀lẹ́, láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dúró sí àwọn ibi yẹn wọ́n kọ lu ìlú náà. Àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà jí Olórí Agbègbè gbé, wọ́n ṣe àwọn ará ìlú bíi mélòó kan léṣe wọ́n sì ji oúnjẹ àti oògùn. Ọlọ́pàá agbègbè náà wá rí òkú méjì lẹ́yìn náà nínú ọkọ̀ tí ó jóná tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ ti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram.<ref name="gp"/> Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kínní, wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ iṣẹ́ Operation Tuka Takaibango ní gbangba.<ref name="gp"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé Mozogo ní Cameroon, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará ìlú gbìyànjú láti sá lọ sínú igbó tí ó wà nítòsí. [[Female suicide bomber|Obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra]] kan fún ara rẹ̀ ní bọ́ǹbù lásìkò ikọlù náà, ó pa ó kéré jù ará ìlú 14 tí mẹ́jọ nínú wọn jẹ́ ọmọdé.<ref>{{cite web|last=AfricaNews|date=2021-01-08|title=Cameroon: At least 14 killed in Boko Haram attack|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/08/cameroon-at-least-14-killed-in-boko-haram-attack/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Africanews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-08|title=Jihadist Attack Kills 13 in Northern Cameroon|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/01/08/cameroon-jihadist-attack-kills-13/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kínní, ó kéré jù ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram 28 ló kú lásìkò ìjà pẹ̀lú Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní [[Gujba]], nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ mìíràn sálọ, sójà Nàìjíríà kan kú ẹnìkan sì fara pa, gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbẹnusọ ológun Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-10|title=Nigerian soldiers confront Boko Haram in Gujba, kill 28 – Official|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/436002-nigerian-soldiers-confront-boko-haram-in-gujba-kill-28-official.html|access-date=2021-01-10|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kínní, ISWAP dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ológun Nàìjíríà ní abúlé Gazagana, wọ́n pa 13 tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-11|title=ISWAP Jihadists Kill 13 Soldiers in Northeast Nigeria|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/01/11/iswap-kills-13-soldiers-nigeria/|access-date=2021-01-11|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kínní, afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra ISWAP kan pa sójà Nàìjíríà mẹ́fà bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe ìwádìí ní abúlé Talala, Borno.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/01/13/iswap-suicide-bomber-kills-six-soldiers-nigeria/|title=ISWAP Suicide Bomber Kills Six Nigerian Troops in Borno: Military|website=www.thedefensepost.com|date=13 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kínní, àwọn jagunjagun ISWAP kọ lu abúlé Garin Gada ní Yobe, wọ́n pa ó kéré jù ará ìlú méjì, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ji oúnjẹ ní abúlé náà.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/01/14/boko-haram-terrorists-kill-2-in-yobe/|title=Boko Haram: Terrorists kill 2 in Yobe|first=Maina|last=Maina|date=14 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní, IED méje ni wọ́n sọ sí ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ APC Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà àti àwọn ọkọ̀ mìíràn, tí àwọn ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ń ṣọ́ ní Gorgi, Borno. Sójà tó ju 30 lọ ló kú. Ọkọ̀ mẹ́ta ló bàjẹ́, wọ́n sì gba ọkọ̀ ogun, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="terrorism-info.org.il">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-january-14-20-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (January 14–20, 2021)|date=21 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kínní, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS yìnbọn padà wọ́n sì sọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ IED sí àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà ní Matari, nǹkan bí 50 km ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Maiduguri, olú-ìlú Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno. Ó kéré jù sójà 20 ló kú. ATV méjì ló bàjẹ́. Ní àfikún, ATV méjì, APC kan, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn ni wọ́n gbà.<ref name="terrorism-info.org.il" /> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kínní, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ IS dènà wọ́n sì fi [[machine gun|ìbọn ńlá]] yìnbọn sí ẹgbẹ́ ológun Nàìjíríà tí ń ṣọ́ ní Borno. Sójà méje kú àwọn mìíràn sì fara pa. Ní àfikún, ATV kan, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn ni wọ́n gbà.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-january-27-21-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (January 27–21, 2021)|date=28 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, ikọlù méjì wáyé ní àríwá Nàìjíríà. Ọ̀kan ní abúlé Chabal, tí ó fi òkú ọlọ́pàá méjì sílẹ̀ wọ́n sì jí méjì gbé. Ikọlù kejì wáyé ní Dikwa, èyí tí ó yọrí sí ikú sójà 2 ó sì fi obìnrin ọlọ́pàá méjì sílẹ̀ tí wọ́n jí gbé.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400653-boko-haram-disrespects-service-chiefs-strikes-visit-maduguri.html|title=Boko Haram disrespects service chiefs, strikes during their visit to Maiduguri|first=Aanu|last=Adegun|date=1 February 2021|website=Legit.ng – Nigeria news.|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com/insurgents-kill-soldiers-abduct-two-female-cops-in-borno-report/|title=Insurgents kill soldiers, abduct two female cops in Borno – Report|date=31 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Oṣù Kejì rí iṣẹ́ ogun tí ó pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ogun ìjọba. Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n ròyìn pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn àwọn ọkọ̀ òfuurufú ogun gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ibùdó Boko Haram ní agbègbè onígun mẹ́ta [[Timbuktu]], pẹ̀lú ibùdó Dole. Wọ́n tún gba Talala sílẹ̀, èyí tí àwọn jagunjagun gbà ní ọdún 2013 tí ó sì di ibùdó wọn kejì tí ó tóbi jùlọ, lẹ́yìn agbègbè Lake Chad. Yàtọ̀ sí Talala wọ́n tún gba Buk, Gorgi wọ́n sì gba àwọn ibùdó ní Kidari, Argude, Takwala, Chowalta àti Galdekore. Kọmándà ISWAP pàtàkì méjì, Modu Sulum àti Ameer Modu Borzogo, sálọ pẹ̀lú àwọn jagunjagun díẹ̀ lásìkò ìjà líle ṣùgbọ́n ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn kọmándà mìíràn àti jagunjagun ló kú wọ́n sì gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ògbèkùn sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sobowale |first=Rasheed |date=2021-02-05 |title=Two ISWAP senior commanders escape, as troops overrun camps |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/two-iswap-senior-commanders-escape-as-troops-overrun-camps/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP dènà àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà ní agbègbè Goniri, nítòsí [[Niger-Nigeria border|ààlà Niger-Nigeria]]. Àwọn méjèèjì yìnbọn síra wọn. Sójà mẹ́fà kú àwọn díẹ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ọkọ̀, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-february-4-10-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (February 4–10, 2021)|date=11 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejì, 'àwọn adigunjalè' kọ lu abúlé méjì ní àríwá-ìwọ̀-oòrùn Nàìjíríà Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, tí ó yọrí sí ikú ènìyàn 19, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjọba Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thedefensepost.com/2021/02/08/gunmen-kill-19-northwest-nigeria/|title=Gunmen kill 19 in village raids in northwest Nigeria|website=thedefensepost.com|access-date=9 August 2025}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejì, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP kọ lu ibi tí Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà tí ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ní Monguno, nǹkan bí 70 km láti agbègbè ààlà mẹ́ta Nigeria-Chad-Cameroon. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Sójà mẹ́ta kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ọkọ̀, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu ẹgbẹ́ àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà kan láàrin Jakana àti Mainok, nǹkan bí 30 km ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Maiduguri. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Sójà méje kú. Ní àfikún, ọkọ̀ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà méjì ló bàjẹ́. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ohun ìjà tí wọ́n fi sílẹ̀ níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà.<ref name="gj">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-february-11-17-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (February 11–17, 2021)|date=18 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu ibi tí Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ti ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ní Geidam, Yobe, nǹkan bí 30 km láti ààlà Nigeria-Niger. Àwọn méjèèjì yìnbọn síra wọn. Sójà mẹ́rin kú, mẹ́ta ni wọ́n mú lọ bí ẹlẹ́wọ̀n àwọn tó kù sì sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ohun ìjà tí wọ́n fi sílẹ̀ níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà wọ́n sì dáná sun ọkọ̀ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà kan.<ref name="gj"/> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n dènà àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà ní ẹ̀yìn odi Monguno. Wọ́n ṣiṣẹ́ IED kan lòdì sí àwọn sójà náà, lẹ́yìn náà ìyinbọn wáyé. Sójà mẹ́ta kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP gba ATV kan àti ohun ìjà.<ref name="gj"/> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní abúlé Gur, nǹkan bí 150 km ní gúúsù Maiduguri ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Jagunjagun alátìlẹ́yìn mẹ́rin kú. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP dáná sun ọkọ̀ mẹ́rin àti ilé àwọn jagunjagun náà.<ref name="gj"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu agbègbè Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kan ní [[Marte, Borno|Marte]], Borno, nǹkan bí 40 km ní ìlà-oòrùn ààlà Nigeria-Cameroon, ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Sójà mẹ́wàá kú nínú ìyinbọn náà ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS dáná sun agbègbè náà, tanki méjì àti ọkọ̀ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà kan. Wọ́n tún gba ọkọ̀ mẹ́ta, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="gj"/> Ìdajì kejì Oṣù Kejì tún kún fún ìwà ipá bákan náà. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu ẹgbẹ́ àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà kan ní abúlé kan ní Borno. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Sójà mẹ́rin kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="gj"/> Ọlọ́pàá mẹ́rin àti ará ìlú meje ló kú lásìkò ikọlù ISWAP ní abúlé Bayamari ní Yobe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prnigeria.com/2021/02/17/terrorists-attack-bayamari-villagers/|title=After Fleeing Military Onslaught, Terrorists Attack Police, Villagers in Bayamari, Yobe|date=17 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ikọlù wáyé lòdì sí olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní Gubio, Borno. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Sójà mẹ́ta kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn wọ́n sì dáná sun ọkọ̀.<ref name="f1">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-february-18-24-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (February 18–24, 2021)|date=25 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà wọ́n sì yìnbọn lù ú ní agbègbè Karito, nítòsí Lake Chad. Sójà mẹ́ta kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa nínú ìyinbọn náà. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP gba ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn, wọ́n sì dáná sun ọkọ̀ mẹ́ta.<ref name="f1"/> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n ṣe ikọlù lòdì sí ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kan ní [[Dikwa]], nǹkan bí 50 km láti ààlà Nigeria-Cameroon ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno. Àpapọ̀ sójà 15 ló kú nínú ìyinbọn náà ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP sì gba ọkọ̀ mẹ́rin, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS dáná sun ibùdó náà àti àwọn ọkọ̀ mìíràn. Ibùdó tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP gba yìí jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà tó tóbi jùlọ àti pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ olùgbé fi agbègbè náà sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ikọlù náà.<ref name="f1"/> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kejì, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram bẹ́ orí ènìyàn márùn-ún ní ibùdó IDP kan ní Borno.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naijanews.com/2021/02/22/boko-haram-beheads-5-persons-in-borno-idp-camp-others-missing/|title=Boko Haram Beheads 5 Persons In Borno IDP Camp, Others Missing|first=Oladipo|last=Abiola|date=22 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejì, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram wọ Maiduguri, [[2021 Maiduguri rocket attacks|wọ́n pa ènìyàn 10]], wọ́n sì ń yin grenade inú ìlú náà. Èyí ni ikọlù àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ níbẹ̀ láti ọdún pípẹ́.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://humangle.ng/boko-haram-storm-borno-capital-kill-dozens-before-retreating/|title=Boko Haram Storm Borno Capital, Kill Dozens Before Retreating|date=23 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021|archive-date=23 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223214644/https://humangle.ng/boko-haram-storm-borno-capital-kill-dozens-before-retreating/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì, àwọn agbébọn lórí alùpùpù ya wọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ abúlé ní agbègbè Igabi àti Chikun ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, wọ́n fi ó kéré jù òkú ènìyàn 18 sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/02/25/gangs-kill-18-northern-nigeria/|title=Gangs Kill 18 Villagers in Northern Nigeria|website=www.thedefensepost.com|date=25 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì, ikọlù ọ̀ganjọ́ òru lórí ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì kan ní Zamfara yọrí sí [[Zamfara kidnapping|jíjí akẹ́kọ̀ọ́bìnrin 279 gbé]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/26/nigerian-school-students-abducted-in-second-kidnapping-in-a-week|title=Gunmen kidnap over 300 girls in Nigeria school raid: Police|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì, ISWAP dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ti Kọmándà iṣẹ́ gbigbogun ti ọlọ̀tẹ̀ ti Nàìjíríà, Farouq Yahaya, wọ́n pa ó kéré jù sójà méjì.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://humangle.ng/iswap-terrorists-ambush-nigerias-counter-insurgency-chief/|title=ISWAP Terrorists Ambush Nigeria's Counter-Insurgency Chief|date=1 March 2021|access-date=31 December 2025|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728114723/https://humangle.ng/iswap-terrorists-ambush-nigerias-counter-insurgency-chief/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ìdajì kejì ọdún náà jẹ́ èyí tí àlàáfíà wà díẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹta, ISWAP gba ìlú Dikwa fún wákàtí mélòó kan lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n lé àwọn ọmọ ogun ìjọba kúrò níbẹ̀. Nígbà tí wọ́n wà ní Dikwa, àwọn jagunjagun náà kọ lu ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kan wọ́n sì pa sójà mẹ́fà. Wọ́n padà wá ní ọjọ́ kejì wọ́n sì pa sójà méjì mìíràn.<ref name="f2">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-february-25-march-3-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (February 25 – March 3, 2021)|date=4 March 2021}}</ref> ISWAP gba ìlú Bukarti, Yobe. Àwọn jagunjagun IS tún kọ lu ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà nítòsí Geidam, Yobe. Ikọlù náà fi òkú sójà Nàìjíríà méjì sílẹ̀.<ref name="f2"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹta, Boko Haram ya wọ àwùjọ Rumirgo ti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Askira Uba ti Borno, wọ́n pa ará ìlú méjì àti òṣìṣẹ́ ààbò kan wọ́n sì ji [[tank truck|ọkọ̀ tanki]] tí ó ń gbé epo pẹtiróòlù.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marama |first1=Ndahi |title=Boko Haram kills security personnel, two Civilians in Borno |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/boko-haram-kills-security-personnel-two-civilians-in-borno/ |website=Vanguard News |access-date=9 March 2021 |date=6 March 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, 31 sójà Nàìjíríà [[Mainok attack|ni wọ́n pa]] ní Mainok, Borno.{{Citation needed|date=Oṣù Kọkànlá 2023}} Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún sí ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún, ISWAP [[Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)|kọ lu àti borí àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram ní Sambisa Forest]], Borno, wọ́n sì gba igbó náà nígbẹ̀yìn. Olórí Boko Haram Abubakar Shekau kú nínú ìjà náà, ìròyìn sọ pé ó lo aṣọ agbẹ́míra. Àwọn olótìítọ́ Boko Haram tó kù kó ara wọn jọ lábẹ́ Sahalaba ẹni tí ó kéde pé àwọn kò tíì di ẹni tí a ṣẹ́gun.<ref name="sahara" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://humangle.ng/iswap-confirms-shekaus-death-says-its-fighters-were-following-isis-orders/ |title=ISWAP Confirms Shekau's Death, Says Its Fighters Were Following ISIS Orders |author=Ahmad Salkida |work=Humangle |date=5 June 2021 |access-date=5 June 2021 |archivedate=5 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095354/https://humangle.ng/iswap-confirms-shekaus-death-says-its-fighters-were-following-isis-orders/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà, [[United Nations Development Program]] gbé ìròyìn kan jáde tí ó sọ pé ìrúdedò ní Nàìjíríà, títí di ìparí ọdún 2020, ti pa nǹkan bí 350,000 ènìyàn, nípasẹ̀ ọ̀nà tààrà àti àìṣe-tààrà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/how-350000-people-have-been-killed-due-to-boko-haram-scourge-in-nigeria|title=How 350,000 people have been killed due to Boko Haram scourge in Nigeria|date=25 June 2021|website=Face2Face Africa}}</ref><ref name="Reuters_350" /> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Keje, ISWAP dárúkọ àwọn kọmándà tuntun àti gómìnà, pẹ̀lú àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí ń darí [[taxation|owó-orí]].<ref name="dailypost.ng">{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/04/iswap-names-new-commanders-governors-imposes-tax-on-nigerians/|title=ISWAP names new commanders, governors, imposes tax on Nigerians|first=Wale|last=Odunsi|date=4 July 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá wọ́n ròyìn pé ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà pa olórí tuntun ti ISWAP, Malam Bako, nínú iṣẹ́ ológun ní oṣù yìí, ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n kéde ikú olórí ẹgbẹ́ náà tẹ́lẹ̀ Abu Musab al-Barnawi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian army says Islamic State West Africa's new leader killed in military operation |date=21 October 2021|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-army-says-islamic-state-west-africas-new-leader-killed-military-2021-10-28/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kọkànlá, àwọn orísun tí kì í ṣe ti IS sọ pé ISWAP ti yan Sani Shuwaram gẹ́gẹ́ bí kọmándà olórí tuntun.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-november-4-10-2021/|title=Spotlight of Global Jihad (November 4–10, 2021)|work=The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center|date=11 November 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kọkànlá, Brigadier General Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà Dzarma Zirkusu àti sójà Nàìjíríà mẹ́ta mìíràn kú nínú ikọlù ISWAP ní ìlú [[Askira/Uba|Askira]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-army-general-troops-killed-iswap-attack-2021-11-13/|title=Nigerian army general, troops killed in ISWAP attack|work=Reuters|date=14 November 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, [[Multinational Joint Task Force]] (MTJF) kéde pé sójà mẹ́fà láti Nàìjíríà àti Niger kú tí 16 sì fara pa láti ọwọ́ àwọn jagunjagun ISWAP lásìkò iṣẹ́ kan ní Oṣù Kejìlá 2021 ní [[Borno State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno]]. Nínú iṣẹ́ kan náà, jagunjagun 22 ló kú tí wọ́n sì mú 17.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ola|first=Lanre|date=2021-12-31|title=Six Nigerian, Niger troops killed by Islamic State, security forces say|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/six-nigerian-niger-troops-killed-by-islamic-state-security-forces-say-2021-12-30/|access-date=2022-01-02}}</ref> === 2022 === [[File:BokoHaraminsurgency.png|thumb|Àwọn agbègbè tí Boko haram àti ISWAP wà ní ọdún 2022]] 2022 rí àwọn àṣeyọrí fún àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú mímú tàbí pipa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olórí gogoro. Ìgbà iruwe rí i pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olórí ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tẹ̀lera. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kejì wọ́n ròyìn pé ọkọ̀ òfuurufú Nàìjíríà pa àwọn ọ̀gá apániláyà kan pẹ̀lú Kọmándà ISWAP Mallam Buba Danfulani lásìkò ìkọlù lórí àwọn ibùdó agbára apániláyà Boko Haram/ISWAP ní àyíká agbègbè Tumbuns ní Lake Chad àti àyíká Sambisa Forests. Àwọn kọmándà márùn-ún mìíràn tí orúkọ wọn ń jẹ́: Musa Amir Jaish, Mahd Maluma, Abu-Ubaida, Abu-Hamza àti Abu-Nura umarun Leni náà kú.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian Air Force Kills Another Top Boko Haram Commander, Others|date=18 February 2022|url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/02/18/nigerian-air-force-kills-another-top-boko-haram-commander-others}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹta olórí Jamā’at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da’wah wa’l-Jihād, ẹgbẹ́ tí ó yapa kúrò ní Boko Haram, Alhaji Ari-Difinoma, juwọ́ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn ọmọ ogun.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram Preacher Ari-Difinoma Surrenders To Troops|date=18 May 2022|url=https://thewillnigeria.com/news/boko-haram-preacher-ari-difinoma-surrenders-to-troops/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Boko Haram radical preacher, Alhaji Ari-Difinoma surrenders to Nigerian Army|date=17 May 2022|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/prominent-boko-haram-radical-preacher-alhaji-ari-difinoma-surrenders-to-nigerian-army/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta olórí tuntun ti ISWAP, [[Sani Shuwaram]], àti àwọn apániláyà mìíràn kú nínú ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=The Nigeria |title=JUST IN: ISWAP Leader Killed By Nigerian Military Airstrikes, Replacement Nominated |url=https://thenigeriadaily.com/2022/03/20/just-in-iswap-leader-killed-by-nigerian-military-airstrikes-replacement-nominated/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=The Nigeria Daily |language=en-US |archive-date=30 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251130104518/https://thenigeriadaily.com/2022/03/20/just-in-iswap-leader-killed-by-nigerian-military-airstrikes-replacement-nominated/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹrin kọmándà ISWAP Abubakar Dan-Buduma àti àwọn apániláyà mìíràn kú nínú iṣẹ́ ológun láti ọwọ́ MNJTF.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian military kills 23 extremist militants in counterterrorism ops|date=9 April 2022|url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/world/news/nigerian-military-kills-23-extremist-militants-in-counterterrorism-ops-164699}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Karùn-ún wọ́n ròyìn pé ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú MNJTF pa olórí ISWAP pàtàkì méjì, Bako Gorgore àti Aba-Ibrahim ní Lake Chad. Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Karùn-ún wọ́n ròyìn pé kọmándà Boko Haram Abubakar Sarki àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apániláyà kú lásìkò ìjà pẹ̀lú ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà ní Sambisa Forest.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top Boko Haram Commander, Scores Killed In Offensive Military Operation|date=15 May 2022|url=https://thewillnigeria.com/news/top-boko-haram-commander-scores-killed-in-offensive-military-operation/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram pa nǹkan bí 40 àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tears Flow As Boko Haram Slaughters 40 Farmers in Northeast Nigeria|date=24 May 2022|url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1471233-tears-flow-as-boko-haram-slaughters-40-farmers-northeast-nigeria/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún àwọn ọmọ ogun MNJTF láti Nàìjíríà àti Chad, pẹ̀lú Operation HADIN KAI, ya wọ agbègbè Tumbun Rago, Tumbun Dilla àti àwọn ibùgbé Jamina wọ́n sì ṣàṣeyọrí ní pipa àwọn apániláyà tó ju 25 lọ. Àwọn ọmọ ogun náà tún gba ìbọn AK-47 kan, ìbọn atako-ọkọ̀ òfuurufú kan, àti ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ọta ìbọn oríṣiríṣi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram Terrorists Escaping From Multinational Joint Task Force Troops Abandon 5-year-old Boy|date=30 May 2022|url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/05/30/boko-haram-terrorists-escaping-multinational-joint-task-force-troops-abandon-5-year-old}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹfà, ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọdẹ kan dènà wọ́n sì pa kọmándà Boko Haram kan àti igbákejì rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn jagunjagun wọn tí wọ́n ń sálọ ní ọgbẹ́.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hunters, vigilantes kill Boko Haram commander, deputy in Borno|date=1 June 2022|url=https://guardian.ng/news/hunters-vigilantes-kill-boko-haram-commander-deputy-in-borno/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹfà ìjà idije láàrin ISWAP àti Jamā’at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da’wah wa’l-Jihād yọrí sí pipa kọmándà kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Ummate Ma, àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn jagunjagun rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=ISWAP Kills Wanted Top Terror Kingpin, Ummate Ma, Scores Of Fighters|date=4 June 2022|url=https://leadership.ng/iswap-kills-wanted-top-terror-kingpin-ummate-ma-scores-of-fighters/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹfà àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|Islamic State West Africa Province]] (ISWAP) kọ lu [[Owo church attack|St Francis Xavier Catholic Church ní ìlú Owo ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Ondo]], Nigeria, (tí ó wà ní 345 kilometres (215 miles) ní ìlà-oòrùn [[Lagos State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó]]) wọ́n pa ó kéré jù àwọn ọmọ ìjọ 50 wọ́n sì ṣe 87 mìíràn léṣe.<ref>{{cite news |last=Obiezu |first=Timothy |date=10 June 2022 |title=Nigerian Officials Say Terror Group ISWAP Behind Church Massacre |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/nigerian-authorities-say-terror-group-iswap-responsible-for-church-massacre-/6612480.html|work=VOA News |access-date=13 June 2022|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610220024/https://www.voanews.com/a/nigerian-authorities-say-terror-group-iswap-responsible-for-church-massacre-/6612480.html |archive-date=10 June 2022 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Asadu |first=Chinedu |date=7 June 2022 |title=Nigeria church: 38 killed in attack during Sunday service |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/infants-22-worshippers-killed-nigeria-church-attack-85235464|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=13 June 2022|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609125502/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/infants-22-worshippers-killed-nigeria-church-attack-85235464 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=6 June 2022 |title=Nigeria church attack: What, where and why? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/6/nigeria-church-attack-what-where-and-why|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |access-date=13 June 2022|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606140756/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/6/nigeria-church-attack-what-where-and-why |archive-date=6 June 2022 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹfà wọ́n ròyìn pé MNJTF sọ pé òun pa 805 àwọn jihadi lórí àwọn erékùṣù Lake Chad àti àwọn agbègbè aládùúgbò láàrin ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta àti ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kẹfà. Oṣù Kẹjọ rí àwọn àṣeyọrí síwájú sí i lòdì sí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹjọ wọ́n ròyìn pé ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú ológun pa kọmándà Boko Haram Alhaji Modu àti apániláyà 27 mìíràn lórí Mandara Mountain ní agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Gwoza ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military Airstrikes Kill Notorious Boko Haram Leader, Alhaji Modu, 27 Others |date=3 August 2022|url=https://leadership.ng/military-airstrikes-kill-notorious-boko-haram-leader-alhaji-modu-27-others/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹjọ Abdulkarim Faca-Faca, ẹni tí ó wà lára àwọn tí ó gbèrò ìkọlù lórí ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ Ààrẹ Muhammadu Buhari sí Katsina, ni wọ́n pa pẹ̀lú mẹ́jọ nínú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 August 2022 |title=NAF Kills Top Terrorists' Leader Who Masterminded Attack on Buhari's Convoy During Salah Holliday |url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1484548-naf-kills-top-terrorists-leader-masterminded-attack-buharis-convoy-salah-holliday/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹjọ wọ́n ròyìn pé bíbú bọ́ǹbù láti ọwọ́ ọkọ̀ òfuurufú ogun Agbófinró Ojú Òfuurufú Nàìjíríà méjì ti pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apániláyà, lára wọn olórí apániláyà kan, tí ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, Alhaji Shanono. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí orísun ológun kan ṣe sọ, wọ́n bá àwọn apániláyà náà lójijì lásìkò ìjà láàrin ISWAP àti Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military Kills Terror Lord 'Shanono' in Kaduna, other Terrorists During Boko Haram-ISWAP Infighting in Borno |date=10 August 2022|url=https://prnigeria.com/2022/08/10/military-kills-terror-lord/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹjọ Ọmọ Ogun Chad sọ pé òun pa mẹ́wàá apániláyà Boko Haram lásìkò ìjà ní àyíká Bol ní agbègbè Lake Chad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chadian Troops Kill 10 Boko Haram Terrorists|date=16 August 2022|url=https://humanglemedia.com/chadian-troops-kill-10-boko-haram-terrorists/|access-date=31 December 2025|archivedate=23 January 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123083356/https://humanglemedia.com/chadian-troops-kill-10-boko-haram-terrorists/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ àwọn ọmọ ogun Agbófinró Ojú Òfuurufú Nàìjíríà kọ lu ibùgbé olórí ISWAP kan, Fiya Ba Yuram, ní Sambisa forest. Àwọn ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú náà kọ lu àwọn ibi pàtàkì kan ní Tunbuns àti Sambisa, ìròyìn sọ pé ó pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apániláyà tí wọ́n sápamọ́ sínú àwọn ibùgbé náà.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military Kill Scores, Destroy ISWAP Leader Fiya Ba Yuram's Camp In Sambisa Raid |date=23 August 2022|url=https://forefrontng.com/military-kill-scores-destroy-iswap-leader-fiya-ba-yurams-camp-in-sambisa-raid/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ wọ́n ròyìn pé wọ́n pa kọmándà apániláyà Uzaifa nínú ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú lórí àwọn ibùgbé ọ̀daràn ní Sambisa Forest àti Tumbuns ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{cite news|title=DHQ confirms death of terrorists' commander, Uzaifa, in air strike|date=26 August 2022|url=https://guardian.ng/news/dhq-confirms-death-of-terrorists-commander-uzaifa-in-air-strike/}}</ref> Láàrin ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n àti mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ àwọn ọkọ̀ òfuurufú ogun Nàìjíríà ròyìn pé wọ́n pa 49 jagunjagun Boko Haram ní àwọn ibùdó ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian Fighter Jets Reportedly Kill 49 Boko Haram Fighters In Separate Camps |date=1 September 2022|url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/09/01/nigerian-fighter-jets-reportedly-kill-49-boko-haram-fighters-separate-camps}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án 70 àwọn tí wọ́n fura sí pé wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram rì sínú odò nígbà tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú láti sá fún bíbú bọ́ǹbù ojú òfuurufú ní abúlé Sheruri, Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram Suffers Heavy Blow, Over 70 Terrorists Drown While Running From Military Fire, 5 Commanders Killed |date=4 September 2022|url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1490018-over-70-boko-haram-terrorists-drown-running-military-fire-borno/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án wọ́n ròyìn pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà àti ọkọ̀ òfuurufú pa 200 apániláyà Boko Haram pẹ̀lú kọmándà márùn-ún tí orúkọ wọn ń jẹ́ Abou Hauwa, Amir Shettima, Akura Buri, Abou Zainab àti Abou Idris.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military airstrikes kill five Boko Haram commanders, 195 others in Borno |date=1 September 2022|url= https://guardian.ng/news/military-airstrikes-kill-five-boko-haram-commanders-195-others-in-borno/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹsàn-án kọmándà Boko Haram gogoro àti olórí àwọn apani, Bashir Bulabuduwaye, juwọ́ sílẹ̀ fún ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{cite news|title= Boko Haram Chief Executioner, Family Surrender To Nigerian Troops|date=17 September 2022|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/boko-haram-chief-executioner-family-surrender-to-nigerian-troops/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, [[2022 Chad attack|wọ́n ròyìn pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sójà ló kú nítòsí Lake Chad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-23 |title=Ten soldiers killed in Boko Haram attack in western Chad |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/jihadists-kill-10-troops-in-chad-attack-4029934 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=The East African |language=en |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917183130/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/jihadists-kill-10-troops-in-chad-attack-4029934 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === 2023 === Ọdún 2023 parọ́rọ́ díẹ̀, ó rí ìwọ̀nba iṣẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta wọ́n ròyìn pé olórí olùṣe-bọ́ǹbù Boko Haram, Awana Gaidam, kú láti ọwọ́ IED ara rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chief Boko Haram Bomb Maker, Awana Gaidam, Killed By Own IED|date=28 March 2023|url=https://leadership.ng/chief-boko-haram-bomb-maker-awana-gaidam-killed-by-own-ied/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án wọ́n ròyìn pé ẹgbẹ́ àwọn apániláyà kan ṣe ìpàdé àlàáfíà pẹ̀lú àwọn ènìyàn láti abúlé Fankama ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina.<ref>{{cite news|title=Terrorists hold peace talks with community in Katsina|date=18 September 2023|url=https://www.correctng.com/terrorists-hold-peace-talks-with-community-in-katsina-photos/|access-date=31 December 2025|archivedate=20 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620132520/https://www.correctng.com/terrorists-hold-peace-talks-with-community-in-katsina-photos/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> [[2023 Yobe State attacks|Ikọlù méjì]] ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n àti mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá ní agbègbè [[Geidam]] ti [[Yobe State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe]] pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 37. Ikọlù àkọ́kọ́ jẹ́ ìyinbọn tí ó pa 17. Ikọlù kejì wáyé pẹ̀lú bọ́ǹbù ilẹ̀, èyí tí ó pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 20 tí wọ́n wà ní ibi ìsìnkú àwọn olùfaragbá ìyinbọn náà.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Extremists kill 37 villagers in latest attack in Nigeria's hard-hit northeast |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/extremists-kill-37-villagers-latest-attack-nigerias-hard-104558304 |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kọkànlá àti ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kọkànlá, ní ''Operation Hadarin Daji'', Agbófinró Ojú Òfuurufú Nàìjíríà ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú lòdì sí àwọn ibi ìsápamọ́ Boko Haram, wọ́n pa ibùdó méjì run wọ́n sì pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apániláyà.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NAF's airstrikes thwart terrorists' regrouping |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nafs-airstrikes-thwart-terrorists-regrouping/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=guardian.ng |date=6 November 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2024 === Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2024, [[Islamic State]] kéde ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìpolongo kan tí wọ́n pè ní "''pa wọ́n níbikíbi tí ẹ bá ti rí wọn''". Ìpolongo yìí wà láti Oṣù Kínní ọjọ́ kìíní títí di Oṣù Kínní ọjọ́ kẹwàá ó sì rí ìlọsókè nínú àwọn ikọlù tí [[Iswap|ISWAP]] sọ pé òun ṣe ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Ostaeyen |first=Pieter |date=12 January 2024 |title=The Islamic State published an overview of its attacks worldwide since the start of the campaign |url=https://twitter.com/p_vanostaeyen/status/1749549262206099923 |website=Twitter}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kejì, [[Islamic State – West Africa Province]] pa ọlọ́pàá 4 ní Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Nganzai ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno. Agbẹnusọ ààbò kan tí ó rí ìpakúpa náà sọ̀rọ̀ lórí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà pé "Díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ọlọ́pàá náà tún ní oríire láti yè nínú ìkọlù àwọn apániláyà náà, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ mẹ́rin tí kò ní oríire náà san owó gọbọoi lásìkò tí wọ́n wà lẹ́nu iṣẹ́". Àwọn apániláyà náà fi agbègbè náà sílẹ̀ kí ológun Nàìjíríà tó lè dé.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbana |first=Rotimi |date=2024-02-03 |title=ISWAP fighters attack Borno police station, kill four cops |url=https://punchng.com/iswap-fighters-attack-borno-police-station-kill-four-cops/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹfà, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 32 ló kú nínú àwọn ikọlù tí wọ́n rò pé àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra ló ṣe é ní ìlú Gwoza ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suspected female suicide bombers death toll rises to more than 30 in Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrlkj9l443o |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.bbc.com |date=July 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-01 |title=Nigeria weekend suicide bomb attack toll climbs to 32 |url=https://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/nigeria-weekend-suicide-bomb-attack-toll-climbs-to-32/news-story/17f93fa709e10c3849c95855ad87a83a? |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=[[News.com.au]] |language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 19 ló kú nínú ikọlù agbẹ́míra láti ọwọ́ Boko Haram ní ọjà kan ní Konduga, Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Suicide bomber kills many in Borno market |url=https://punchng.com/suicide-bomber-kills-many-in-borno-market/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Punchng |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ, àwọn agbébọn tí wọ́n fura sí pé wọ́n jẹ́ ti Boko Haram pa àgbẹ̀ 13 ní Shirore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-22 |title=Suspected Boko Haram Gunmen Kill 13 Farmers In Nigeria |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2024/08/23/boko-haram-kills-farmers-nigeria/ |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Thedefensepost.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Open Doors]] ṣírò pé 4,118 Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì ni wọ́n pa nítorí ìgbàgbọ́ wọn ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2024, iye tí ó ga jùlọ lágbàáyé.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-12 |title=Nigeria · World Watch List 2025 |url=https://www.opendoors.org/en-US/persecution/countries/nigeria/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Open Doors |language=en}}</ref> === 2025 === Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2025, obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra kan tí wọ́n fura sí pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 12, ó sì ṣe 30 mìíràn léṣe ní ọjà ẹja kan ní alẹ́ Ọjọ́ Ẹtì ní [[Borno state|Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/suspected-suicide-bomber-kills-12-nigerias-borno-state-2025-06-21/ |title=Suspected suicide bomber kills 12 in Nigeria's Borno state |work=Reuters |last1=Kingimi |first1=Ahmed |date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2025 }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2025, ènìyàn 63 ló kú, pẹ̀lú [[Nigerian Army|sójà]] méje, tí wọ́n sì ròyìn pé àwọn mìíràn sọnù nínú ikọlù láti ọwọ́ àwọn [[Jihadism|jihadist]] [[Boko Haram]] ní Darul Jamal, [[Borno State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno]], Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2025 |title=Boko Haram kills dozens in 'house to house' attack in Nigeria's northeast, residents say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/boko-haram-kills-dozens-house-house-attack-nigerias-northeast-residents-say-2025-09-06/ |access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2025, Boko Haram gba ìlú ààlà Nàìjíríà ti Kirawa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, wọ́n dáná sun ààfin olórí agbègbè, ibùdó ológun àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilé tí wọ́n sì fipá mú kí ènìyàn tó ju 5,000 sálọ sí [[Cameroon–Nigeria border|aládùúgbò Cameroon]]. Àwọn olùgbé ṣàpèjúwe Kirawa gẹ́gẹ́ bí ahoro tí ó sì wà lábẹ́ ìdarí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀, ikọlù kan tí ó tẹ̀le bí wọ́n ṣe gba àwọn ibùdó ọmọ ogun ní agbègbè náà láìpẹ́ tí ó sì fa ìpè fún àfikún àwọn ológun ní kíákíá.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2025 |title=Thousands flee to Cameroon as Boko Haram seizes Nigerian border town |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/thousands-flee-cameroon-boko-haram-seizes-nigerian-border-town-2025-10-03/ |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Láàrin ọjọ́ karùn-ún àti kẹjọ Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2025, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram [[Battle of Lake Chad|ṣe ikọlù ojú omi]] lòdì sí àwọn ibùdó [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|ISWAP]] jákèjádò àwọn erékùṣù oríṣiríṣi ní Lake Chad. Hassan Buduma àti Mohd Hassan ló darí àwọn ikọlù náà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Onje |first=Ojochenemi |date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2025 |title=Boko Haram, ISWAP in fierce battle over Lake Chad Islands |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/boko-haram-iswap-in-fierce-battle-over-lake-chad-islands/ |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2025 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> Ìjà náà ti fi ó kéré jù olùkọlù Boko Haram 4 àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ISWAP 200 sílẹ̀ ní òkú.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=TRT Afrika – Clashes between rival terrorist groups in Nigeria leave at least 200 dead: Media reports |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/6bd003b94d77 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2025 |website=www.trtafrika.com |language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2025, United States [[2025 United States strikes in Nigeria|ṣe ikọlù]] lòdì sí [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|Islamic State]] ní [[North West (Nigeria)|àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn Nàìjíríà]]. Ààrẹ U.S. [[Donald Trump]], sọ pé U.S. kọlù wọ́n láti dáàbò bo àwọn Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì kúrò lọ́wọ́ ohun tí wọ́n rí bíi [[Religious violence in Nigeria|ìwà ipá ẹ̀sìn]] ní àríwá Nàìjíríà, ikọlù U.S. náà jẹ́ ìdásí ológun òkèèrè tààrà àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìrúdedò náà.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2025 |title=US launches strike against Islamic State militants in northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/us-launches-strikes-against-islamic-state-militants-northwest-nigeria-trump-says-2025-12-25/}}</ref> == Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ mìíràn == === Àwọn okùnfà tó ṣeéṣe === Àríwá jẹ́ àpapọ̀ [[Sahelian kingdoms|àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Sahelian]] tí ó ní àṣà Islam tí ó ti fìdí múlẹ̀ dáadáa èyí tí ó ti ṣe èròjà ìdámọ̀ àṣà àti òṣèlú wọn fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Àwọn wọ̀nyí jẹ́ oní-ìjòyè àti a-tẹ̀lé-àṣà-àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú ètò ìpele àti ẹgbẹ́ àwùjọ tí ó le koko àti àwọn ẹrú púpọ̀.<ref>Kevin Shillington (2005). ''[[Encyclopedia of African History]]''. Michigan University Press. p. 1401. {{ISBN|1-57958-455-1}}</ref> Síwájú sí i, Àríwá kùnà láti fòfin de oko ẹrú títí di ọdún 1936.<ref>{{cite web|title=The end of slavery|work=The Story of Africa|publisher=BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page56.shtml|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427095408/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page56.shtml|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Ó ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ nítorí àwọn nǹkan ti ilẹ̀-ayé, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ (ṣùgbọ́n kì í ṣe gbogbo) àwọn ẹ̀yà gúúsù, ní pàtàkì àwọn tí ó wà ní etíkun, ti ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn Òyìnbó – èyí yàtọ̀ sí Àríwá, tí ó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ilẹ̀ Arab ní pàtàkì tí kì í ṣe Europe. Nítorí ètò [[indirect rule|ìjọba abẹ́lé]], àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìtẹ́lọ́rùn láti máa ní ìbáṣepọ̀ díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn Emir.{{citation needed|date=Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2019}} Nígbà tí àwọn ọ̀tọ̀kùlú a-tẹ̀lé-àṣà-àtijọ́ ní Àríwá ṣọ́ra fún ẹ̀kọ́ Ìwọ̀-oòrùn,<ref>Dr. Aliyu U. Tilde. [http://www.gamji.com/tilde/tilde99.htm "An in-house Survey into the Cultural Origins of Boko Haram Movement in Nigeria"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226235447/http://www.gamji.com/tilde/tilde99.htm|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2014}}. Discourse 261, MONDAY DISCOURSE WITH DR. ALIYU U. TILDE. Retrieved Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014.</ref><ref>Will Ross. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27658382 "Nigeria schools walk line between Islamic and Western traditions".] [[Kano, Nigeria]]; Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2014. [[BBC News]].</ref><ref>[http://www.megatchad.net/publications/Newman-2013-Etymology-of-Hausa-boko.pdf "The Etymology of Hausa 'boko'."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427234827/http://www.megatchad.net/publications/Newman-2013-Etymology-of-Hausa-boko.pdf|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2014}} Paul Newman, ọdún 2013. Mega-Chad Research Network / Réseau Méga-Tchad.</ref> àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn ní Gúúsù gbà á tọwọ́tẹsẹ̀—tí wọ́n sábà máa ń rán àwọn ọmọ wọn lọ sí òkè-òkun láti kàwé. Bí àkókò ti ń lọ, divario ìdàgbàsókè àti ẹ̀kọ́ tí ó jọjú dàgbà láàrin Gúúsù àti Àríwá.<ref>{{cite book|author=Martin Meredith|title=The State of Africa: A History of the Continent Since Independence|date=2011|chapter=5. Winds of Change|edition=illustrated|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9780857203892|page=77|author-link=Martin Meredith}}</ref> Kódà ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Àríwá ṣì wà lẹ́yìn nínú ìmọ̀-kíkà-àti-kíkọ, lílọ sí ilé-ìwé àti àṣeyọrí nínú ẹ̀kọ́.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16510922#over4 Nigeria: A nation divided. Chart 4: Literacy.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407194119/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16510922#over4 |date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2018}} BBC World News website, Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012; accessed Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014.</ref> Chris Kwaja, olùkọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga àti olùwádìí ní Nàìjíríà, sọ ní ọdún 2011 pé "àwọn apá ti ẹ̀sìn nínú rògbòdìyàn náà ni wọ́n ti túmọ̀ ní òdì gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí okùnfà ìwà ipá nígbà tí ó jẹ́ pé, ní tòótọ́, yíyọ-lẹ́nu-nínú-ẹ̀tọ́ àti àìdọ́gba ni gbòǹgbò okùnfà náà". Nàìjíríà, ó tọ́ka sí i, ní àwọn òfin tí ó fún àwọn olórí òṣèlú agbègbè ní agbára láti fi ẹ̀rí múlẹ̀ pé ènìyàn jẹ́ 'ọmọ-ìbílẹ̀' (àwọn olùgbé àtètèkọ́ṣe) tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́. Ó pinnu bóyá àwọn ará ìlú le kópa nínú òṣèlú, ni ilẹ̀, gba iṣẹ́, tàbí lọ sí ilé-ìwé. Ètò náà jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n ń lo ilokulo rẹ̀ púpọ̀ láti rí ìtìlẹ́yìn òṣèlú àti láti yọ àwọn mìíràn sílẹ̀. Àwọn Mùsùlùmí ni wọ́n sábà máa ń kò fún ní ìwé-ẹ̀rí ọmọ-ìbílẹ̀ lọ́nà tí kò bára mu.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Nigeria's Pernicious Drivers of Ethno-Religious Conflict|publisher=Africa Center for Strategic Studies |author= Chris Kwaja|date=Oṣù Keje ọdún 2011|issue=14|journal=Africa Security Brief|url=http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/africa-security-brief/asb-14.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303230823/http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/Africa-Security-Brief/ASB-14.pdf|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2013}}</ref> Olórí ẹgbẹ́ alátako ní Nàìjíríà Buba Galadima sọ ní ọdún 2012 pé: "Ohun tí ó jẹ́ pé ẹgbẹ́ kan tí ó ń ja ogun ẹgbẹ́ àwùjọ ni wọ́n ń pè ní apániláyà nínú ìpolongo ìjọba láti lè rí ìrànlọ́wọ́ gbigbogun ti ìpaniláyà láti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn."<ref name="voanews.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/boko-harams-rise-in-nigeria-sparks-civil-war-fears-137850723/150975.html |title=Boko Haram's Rise in Nigeria Sparks Civil War Fears |publisher=Voice of America |date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje ọdún 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024042946/http://www.voanews.com/content/boko-harams-rise-in-nigeria-sparks-civil-war-fears-137850723/150975.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn === {{main|Human rights in Nigeria}} Rògbòdìyàn náà ti rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ irúfin ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn láti ọwọ́ àwọn agbófinró Nàìjíríà, nínú ìgbìyànjú láti dènà ìwà ipá náà,<ref>{{cite web |url-status=live |url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20111122-military-might-brings-misery-maiduguri |title=Civilians killed in Nigerian military's fight with Boko Haram, claim rights groups |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119075933/http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20111122-military-might-brings-misery-maiduguri |archive-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|first1=Rosie|last1= Collyer |orig-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2011|date= Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2011 |website=RFI }}</ref> àti pẹ̀lú ìgbàníyànjú wọn fún dídá ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùṣọ́ sílẹ̀ (fún àpẹẹrẹ, [[Civilian Joint Task Force]]). [[Amnesty International]] fi ẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba Nàìjíríà fún irúfin [[human rights|ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn]] lẹ́yìn tí àwọn afurasi jagunjagun Boko Haram 950 kú ní àwọn ibi àtìmọ́lé tí Joint Task Force ológun Nàìjíríà ń darí ní ìdajì àkọ́kọ́ ọdún 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news/nigeria-deaths-hundreds-boko-haram-suspects-custody-requires-investigation-2013-10-15 |title=Nigeria: Deaths of hundreds of Boko Haram suspects in custody requires investigation |publisher=Amnesty International |date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2013 |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601172355/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/nigeria-deaths-hundreds-boko-haram-suspects-custody-requires-investigation-2013-10-15 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2016, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Amnesty International ṣe sọ, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 8,000 tí wọ́n wà ní àtìmọ́lé ló ti kú ní àwọn ibi àtìmọ́lé tí àwọn iṣẹ́ ààbò ń darí.<ref>{{cite news|title=Another brutal attack by Boko Haram highlights the weakness of Nigeria's military|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21690136-recent-attack-reflects-badly-military-reforms-boko-back |url-access=subscription |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207213100/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21690136-recent-attack-reflects-badly-military-reforms-boko-back|archive-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Síwájú sí i, wọ́n ti fi ẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba Nàìjíríà fún àìlèṣe àti pípèsè ìròyìn èké nípa àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè tó jìnnà. Boko Haram ti jí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọdé gbé ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà. Èyí ti yọrí sí kí àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram máa hùwà ibi sí wọn nípa ti ara, ti ọpọlọ àti ti ìbálòpọ̀, tí wọ́n ń lò wọ́n, tí wọ́n sì ń tà wọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Sexual slavery|ẹrú ìbálòpọ̀]] àti/tàbí ìyàwó [[forced marriage|ìgbéyàwó tipátipá]] pẹ̀lú àwọn jagunjagun wọn.<ref>"[http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/155894-group-asks-nigerian-government-to-rescue-20-kidnapped-female-students-in-borno.html Group asks Nigerian government to rescue 20 'kidnapped' female students in Borno]". ''Premium Times Nigeria''; Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2014. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212849/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/155894-group-asks-nigerian-government-to-rescue-20-kidnapped-female-students-in-borno.html |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014}}.</ref> – àpẹẹrẹ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ni [[Chibok kidnapping|ìjígbé Chibok]] ní ọdún 2014. Ní àfikún sí jíjí ọmọdé gbé fi ṣe ìyàwó, [[Human Rights Watch]] ti sọ pé Boko Haram ń lo àwọn ọmọ sójà.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/11/nigeria-boko-haram-uses-child-soldiers-201311291435525502.html |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram 'uses child soldiers' – Africa |publisher=Al Jazeera |work=English |date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2013 |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701114411/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/11/nigeria-boko-haram-uses-child-soldiers-201311291435525502.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí orísun aláìlórúkọ kan tí ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí ìjíròrò àlàáfíà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ náà ṣe sọ, tó 40 ìdá ọgọ́rùn-ún àwọn jagunjagun nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọdé sójà.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/news/boko-haram-terrorist-group-has-60-000-fighters-report-id3275661.html|title=Boko Haram: Terrorist Group Has 60,000 Fighters – Report|first='Jola|last=Sotubo|access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502064906/http://www.pulse.ng/news/boko-haram-terrorist-group-has-60-000-fighters-report-id3275661.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ náà ti fipá yí àwọn tí kì í ṣe Mùsùlùmí padà sí Islam,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://africajournalismtheworld.com/2013/11/17/nigeria-reports-of-forced-conversion-and-marriage-of-christians-by-boko-haram/ |title=Nigeria – reports of forced conversion and marriage of Christians by Boko Haram &#124; Africa – News and Analysis |publisher=Africajournalismtheworld.com |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2013 |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021141448/http://africajournalismtheworld.com/2013/11/17/nigeria-reports-of-forced-conversion-and-marriage-of-christians-by-boko-haram/ |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2014 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún mọ̀ wọ́n fúní fífún àwọn tí kì í ṣe [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]] ní iṣẹ́ agbẹ́míra.<ref name=genesis>{{cite web|url=http://talkofnaija.com/news_details.aspx?NewsId=E0796209-C035-41CD-8195-40888ACA709B |title=Genesis, Training And Changing Tactics of Boko Haram Revealed |website=Talkofnaija.com |date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 1970 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701201334/http://talkofnaija.com/news_details.aspx?NewsId=E0796209-C035-41CD-8195-40888ACA709B |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Keje ọdún 2012}}</ref> === Ìtúnṣe fún àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ === Cameroon ti gbero láti kọ́ àwọn ilé ìtúnṣe fún àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram èyí tí wọ́n lérò pé yóò kọ́ wọn ní àwọn iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ tí ó wúlò láti rí iṣẹ́, àti láti yí wọn padà kúrò nínú ìwà agbawèrè. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, títí di Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019, wọn kò tíì kọ́ irú àwọn ilé bẹ́ẹ̀ nítorí àìsí owó.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-yet-to-build-planned-rehab-centers-for-ex-boko-haram-fighters/4791847.html |title=Cameroon Yet to Build Planned Rehab Centers for ex-Boko Haram Fighters |author=Moki Edwin Kindzeka |work=Voice of America |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013317/https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-yet-to-build-planned-rehab-centers-for-ex-boko-haram-fighters/4791847.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní Nàìjíríà, àwọn olùfaragbá àti àwọn àwùjọ tí ó kàn fi ẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba pé wọ́n mú àwọn ọ̀daràn ṣe pàtàkì ju àwọn tí wọ́n yege nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tí wọ́n mú ti gba inú ètò yíyípadà kúrò nínú ìwà agbawèrè, ìtọ́sọ́nà tuntun àti ìpadàsí àwùjọ (DRR) ti ìjọba kọjá. Fún àpẹẹrẹ ní Oṣù Kẹta àti Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2025 ní tẹ̀lé-in-tẹ̀lé, 600 àti 390 "àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram tí wọ́n ronúpìwàdà" ni wọ́n kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ yege ní gbangba lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gba inú ètò oṣù 6 sí 12 kọjá títí kan ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ níbi tí wọ́n ti gba owó àti àwọn ohun èlò ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ fún iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n yàn. Díẹ̀ nínú wọn ni wọ́n ti gba síṣẹ́ sínú àwọn iṣẹ́ ààbò. Lásìkò yìí, kò sí àyẹ̀wò tí ó dúró sán-in fún ìgbà pípẹ́ lórí bí àwọn ètò yìí ṣe munadoko tó tí ó wà. Ìyèméjì wà nínú òtítọ́ inú àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ náà àti ìbẹ̀rù pé wọ́n lè máa ṣiṣẹ́ bíi amí tàbí kí wọ́n padà sí ìwà ọlọ̀tẹ̀, pàápàá jùlọ tí wọ́n bá tún di ẹni tí kò ni ìtẹ́lọ́rùn, ẹni tí kò fẹ́ràn tàbí ẹni tí wọ́n yà sọ́tọ̀.<ref>https://theconversation.com/nigerias-boko-haram-rehabilitation-efforts-ignore-the-emotional-trauma-of-soldiers-why-this-matters-267023</ref> Èyí ṣì jẹ́ ìṣòro ńlá tí àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ ń dojúkọ bí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àti ará ìlú ṣe sábà máa ń fura sí àwọn jagunjagun tẹ́lẹ̀ náà pé wọ́n ṣì ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ wọ́n sì jẹ́ ewu fún ààbò. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde, àwùjọ máa ń ya àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ náà sọ́tọ̀, èyí tí ó tún ń mú kí ewu kí wọ́n padà darapọ̀ mọ́ ìrúdedò náà pọ̀ sí i. <ref>https://nannews.ng/2025/04/17/390-ex-insurgents-graduate-from-de-radicalisation-programme-in-gombe/?utm_source{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://theconversation.com/nigerias-boko-haram-rehabilitation-efforts-ignore-the-emotional-trauma-of-soldiers-why-this-matters-267023</ref> === Ìbúgbàù àrùn onígbá-méjì === Ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2024, [[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control]] (NCDC) kéde àpapọ̀ 1,141 àwọn tí wọ́n fura sí àti 65 àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àrùn onígbá-méjì tí a fidi rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ikú 30 láti Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ 96 (LGAs) ní ìpínlẹ̀ 30 ti orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ileyemi |first=Mariam |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2024 |title=As cholera ravages Lagos, other Nigerian states, here is what you need to know |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/704795-as-cholera-ravages-lagos-other-nigerian-states-here-is-what-you-need-to-know.html |access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2024 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Àyíká ti kárí-ayé == {{main|Ogun lòdì sí ìpaniláyà}} A lè rí ìrúdedò náà nínú àyíká àwọn rògbòdìyàn mìíràn tí ó wà nítòsí, fún àpẹẹrẹ ní Àríwá Mali. Ìdarí Boko Haram ní ìbáṣepọ̀ kárí-ayé pẹ̀lú [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb]], [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]], [[Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa]] (MUJAO), ẹgbẹ́ [[Mokhtar Belmokhtar]], àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ jagunjagun mìíràn ní òde Nàìjíríà.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27529566 "UN committee imposes sanctions on Nigeria's Boko Haram".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222215935/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27529566 |date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018}} BBC News online, Ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014. Last updated at 15:59 GMT.</ref> Ní ọdún 2014, [[President of Nigeria|Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà]], Goodluck Jonathan tilẹ̀ sọ dé ibi tí ó ti pe Boko Haram ní "al-Qaeda ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iol.co.za/the-star/west-s-help-fuels-boko-haram-s-jihad-1.1693066#.U44U7zBxRX8 |title=West's help fuels Boko Haram's jihad – The Star |publisher=IOL.co.za |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701162537/http://www.iol.co.za/the-star/west-s-help-fuels-boko-haram-s-jihad-1.1693066#.U44U7zBxRX8 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nígbà tí ó fi di ọdún 2012, àwọn ikọlù láti ọwọ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun Islamist Nàìjíríà lórí àwọn àfojúsùn tí ó kọjá ààlà Nàìjíríà ṣì kéré,<ref>Walker, Andrew (June 2012). [http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/SR308.pdf "What is Boko Haram?" (PDF)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809045134/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/SR308.pdf |date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2014}}. US Institute of Peace. Retrieved Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2013.</ref> kò sì yẹ kí á da èyí pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn iṣẹ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn (fún àpẹẹrẹ, ojúṣe AQIM fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ikọlù ní Niger). Pẹ̀lú èyí, ìbẹ̀rù wà pé rògbòdìyàn náà lè tàn dé àwọn aládùúgbò Nàìjíríà, pàápàá jùlọ Cameroon, níbi tí ó ti wà ní ìwọ̀nba títí di ọdún 2014, tí ó sì wá le sí i lẹ́yìn náà. Ó tún yẹ kí á ṣàkíyèsí pé àwọn jagunjagun wà láti orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò Chad àti Niger.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8174399.stm Captives freed in Nigerian city] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828135815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8174399.stm |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2014}}, BBC News online, 2009-Jul-29.</ref> Ní ọdún 2015, Boko Haram búra pé àwọn wà lábẹ́ ìdarí [[Islamic State|IS]].<ref name="Boko Haram joins ISIL"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014, àwọn ààrẹ Benin, Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria àti Niger ṣe ìpàdé ní Paris wọ́n sì gbà láti gbógun ti Boko Haram pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀, ní pípín iṣẹ́ ìṣọ́ àti kíkó ọ̀rọ̀ àṣírí jọ. Goodluck Jonathan<ref>[http://kuramonews.com/?p=8616 Jonathan declares "total war" on Boko Haram] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107072426/http://kuramonews.com/?p=8616 |date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2014}} |Kuramo News, Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014.</ref> àti [[President of Chad|ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ti Chad]], [[Idriss Deby]]<ref name="yahoo"/> ti kéde ogun látòkè-délẹ̀ lórí Boko Haram. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, pẹ̀lú Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, France, Israel, àti United States náà ti ṣe ìlérí àtìlẹ́yìn pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ àti ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́.<ref>[http://www.nigeriannews.net/index.php/sid/222083321/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Boko-Haram-to-be-fought-on-all-sides "Boko Haram to be fought on all sides".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730212659/http://www.nigeriannews.net/index.php/sid/222083321/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Boko-Haram-to-be-fought-on-all-sides |date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014}} Nigerian News.Net. Retrieved Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014.</ref><ref>[http://jcpa.org/article/boko-haram-and-the-future-of-nigeria/ Boko Haram and the Future of Nigeria] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630111309/http://jcpa.org/article/boko-haram-and-the-future-of-nigeria/ |date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2014}}, by Dr. Jacques Neriah Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' ròyìn ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 pé ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún [[Private military company|àwọn alágbàṣe ológun aládàáni]] láti Gúúsù Áfíríkà àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn ń kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìpolongo ogun Nàìjíríà, wọ́n ń wa àwọn ọkọ̀ òfuurufú ogun àti àwọn ọkọ̀ eléwu àti pé wọ́n ń ṣèrànwọ́ nínú sísètò àwọn iṣẹ́ ológun.<ref name="mercenaries"/> == Wo bákan náà == {{Portal|Nàìjíríà|Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì|Islam}} {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Islamic State – West Africa Province]] * [[Timeline of the Boko Haram insurgency]] * [[Religious violence in Nigeria]] * [[Christianity and Islam]] * [[Christianity in Africa]] * [[Islam in Africa]] * [[Christianity in Nigeria]] * [[Islam in Nigeria]] * [[Islamic extremism in Northern Nigeria]] * [[List of massacres in Nigeria]] * [[Central African Republic Civil War]] * [[Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)]] * [[Islamist insurgency in the Sahel]] * [[Insurgency in Cabo Delgado]] * [[Northern Mali conflict]] * [[Sinai insurgency]] * [[Somali Civil War]] * [[List of conflicts in Africa]] * [[List of designated terrorist groups]] * [[List of Islamist terrorist attacks]] * [[List of modern conflicts in the Middle East]] * [[List of ongoing armed conflicts]] * [[Islam and violence]] * [[Islamic fundamentalism]] * [[Islamism]] * [[Islamic terrorism]] * [[Religious terrorism]] * [[Religious violence]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn àkíyèsí == {{notelist}} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist|30em}} === Àwọn iṣẹ́ tí a tọ́ka sí === {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2019/01/CTC-SENTINEL-082018-final.pdf |title=The Islamic State in Africa: Estimating Fighter Numbers in Cells Across the Continent |last1=Warner |first1=Jason |last2=Hulme |first2=Charlotte |date=2018 |journal=CTC Sentinel |publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]] |issue=7 |volume=11 |location=[[West Point, New York]] |pages=21–28 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2020 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808191724/https://ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2019/01/CTC-SENTINEL-082018-final.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808191724/https://ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2019/01/CTC-SENTINEL-082018-final.pdf |deadurl=yes }} *{{aut|Johannes Harnischfeger}}, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ftfXThvfQHkC Democratization and Islamic Law: The Sharia Conflict in Nigeria]'' (Frankfurt am Main 2008). Campus Verlag. {{ISBN|3593382563}} *{{cite web |title="13. Sharia and national law in Nigeria", in: ''Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present'' |url=http://www.lup.nl/do.php?a=process_visitor_download&editorial_id=1562 |author1=Philip Ostien |author2=Albert Dekker |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Leiden University Press |pages=553–612 (3–62) |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020031048/http://www.lup.nl/do.php?a=process_visitor_download&editorial_id=1562 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2014 }} *{{cite book|title=This House Has Fallen: Nigeria in Crisis|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780813340456|url-access=registration|author=Karl Maier|edition=illustrated, reprint|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=9780813340456|year=2002}} *{{cite book |author= |title=Threat Tactics Report: Boko Haram (TRADOC G-2) |url=https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-BokoHaram.pdf |date=2015 |publisher=[[United States Army Training and Doctrine Command]] |location=Fort Eustis |ref={{sfnref|TRADOC G-2|2015}} }} *{{cite journal |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/west-africa/nigeria/216-curbing-violence-in-nigeria-ii-the-boko-haram-insurgency.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117095404/https://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/west-africa/nigeria/216-curbing-violence-in-nigeria-ii-the-boko-haram-insurgency.pdf |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2016 |title=Curbing Violence in Nigeria (II): The Boko Haram Insurgency |date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2014 |journal=Africa Report |publisher=[[International Crisis Group]] |issue=216 |location=[[Brussels]] |ref={{harvid|ICG|2014}} }} *{{cite journal |url=https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/244-watchmen-of-lake-chad-vigilante-groups-fighting-boko-haram.pdf |title=Watchmen of Lake Chad: Vigilante Groups Fighting Boko Haram |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2018 |journal=Africa Report |publisher=[[International Crisis Group]] |issue=244 |location=[[Brussels]] |ref={{harvid|ICG|2018}} |access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Keje ọdún 2018 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012721/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/244-watchmen-of-lake-chad-vigilante-groups-fighting-boko-haram.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=11 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012721/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/244-watchmen-of-lake-chad-vigilante-groups-fighting-boko-haram.pdf |deadurl=yes }} * {{cite journal |url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CTC-SENTINEL-112020.pdf |title=Outlasting the Caliphate: The Evolution of the Islamic State Threat in Africa |last1=Warner |first1=Jason |last2=O'Farrell |first2=Ryan |last3=Nsaibia |first3=Héni |last4=Cummings |first4=Ryan |date=2020 |journal=CTC Sentinel |publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]] |issue=11 |volume=13 |location=[[West Point, New York]] |pages=18–33 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2020 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207021705/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CTC-SENTINEL-112020.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{cite journal |url=https://jamestown.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/TM-Mar.-20-2020-Issue.pdf?x78547 |title=Islamic State in West Africa Province and the Battle With Boko Haram |last=Zenn |first=Jacob |date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2020 |journal=Terrorism Monitor |publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |issue=6 |volume=18 |pages=6–8 }} {{refend}} == Ìwé kíkà síwájú sí i == * Comolli, Virginia. ''Boko Haram: Nigeria's Islamist Insurgency'' (Hurst, 2018) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=56689 online review] == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ìta == * {{commons category-inline}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150515164038/http://midwestdiplomacy.com/2015/04/23/boko-haram-fighting-for-their-last-territorial-stronghold/ Boko Haram Fighting for their Last Territorial Stronghold], Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015 * Blench, R. M., Daniel, P. & Hassan, Umaru (2003): ''Access rights and conflict over common pool resources in three states in Nigeria.'' Report to Conflict Resolution Unit, World Bank ([http://www.rogerblench.info/Conflict/Jos%20section%20only.pdf extracted section on Jos Plateau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609163809/http://www.rogerblench.info/Conflict/Jos%20section%20only.pdf |date=9 June 2019 }}) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140605195659/http://www.punchng.com/opinion/understanding-the-islamist-insurgency-in-nigeria/ Understanding the Islamist insurgency in Nigeria], Ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 by Kirthi Jayakumar. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171012032629/http://www.victornwankpa.com/2014/11/muslims-should-unite-to-fight-boko.html/ Muslims should unite to fight Boko Haram Insurgency – Sultan], Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2014 {{Nigeria topics}} {{Ongoing military conflicts}} {{Post-Cold War African conflicts}} {{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} {{American conflicts}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boko Haram insurgency}} [[Category:Boko Haram insurgency| ]] [[Category:Islamist conflict in Nigeria| ]] [[Category:Politics of Nigeria]] [[Category:Sharia in Nigeria]] [[Category:Islamic extremism in Northern Nigeria]] [[Category:Religion-based civil wars]] [[Category:Civil wars in Cameroon]] [[Category:Civil wars in Chad]] [[Category:Civil wars in Niger]] [[Category:Civil wars in Nigeria]] [[Category:Wars involving the United States]] [[Category:Wars involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2009]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2010]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2011]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2012]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2013]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2014]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2015]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2016]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2017]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2018]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2019]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2020]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2021]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2022]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2023]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2024]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Nigeria]] [[Category:Rebellions in Nigeria]] [[Category:Insurgencies in Africa]] [[Category:Terrorism in Nigeria]] [[Category:Islamist insurgency in the Sahel]] 3qaz9didlepnrrd99lfguy16nz8ywze Igi ìrókò 0 79331 632126 613824 2026-08-19T18:26:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | image = Baobab Adansonia digitata.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Adansonia digitata]]'' in [[Tanzania]] | taxon = Adansonia | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?167 |title=Genus: ''Adansonia'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=12 November 2008 |access-date=14 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530033642/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?167 |archive-date=30 May 2010 }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See [[#Species|species section]] | synonyms = *''Baobab'' {{small|Adans.}} *''Baobabus'' {{small|Kuntze}} *''Ophelus'' {{small|Lour.}} | synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>{{cite web |title=''Adansonia'' L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60470489-2 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> }} '''''Igi Ìrókò''''' jẹ́ ìkan lára àwọn [[igi]] tí ó tóbi dáa dáa tí tọ́n tún ń dàpè ní '''baobabs''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|aʊ|b|æ|b}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|eɪ|oʊ|b|æ|b}}) ní èdè [[Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]]. Ó jẹ́ igi tí ó wọ́pọ̀ tí ó sì gbajúmọ̀ ní ilé [[Adúláwọ̀]] dáa dáa tí a tún lè rí ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míràn bíi: [[Australia]], àti [[Madagascar]] àmọ́ tí wọ́n tún ti mú u l9 sí àwọn ìlú mìíràn káàkiri àgbáyé bí ilẹ̀ [[Barbados]] àti bbl. Àmọ́ ilẹ̀ Adúláwọ̀ ni igi yí ti ṣẹ̀ kí wọ́n tó mu lọ sí àwọn agbègbè míràn lágbàáyé. <ref>{{cite web |author=Staff writer |year=2024 |title=Baobab Trees |script-title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.barbados.org/baobab.htm |url-access= |archive-format= |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=www.barbados.org |publisher=Axses Systems Caribbean Inc. |language= |publication-place=Barbados |publication-date=2024 |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |quote=These two Baobab trees hold a well deserved place in the Barbados.org's "Seven Wonders of Barbados"! |trans-quote= |bibcode-access= |doi-access= |hdl-access= |jstor-access= |ol-access= |osti-access= |agency= |title-link= |script-website= |trans-website= |eissn= |hdl= |ismn= |medrxiv= |sbn= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= |quote-page= |quote-pages= |script-quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Melanie |author2=Kimberly |date=10 December 2012 |title=The Oldest & Largest in Barbados: Boabab |script-title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.loopbarbados.com/loop-blog/oldest-largest-barbados-boabab |url-access= |archive-format= |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=www.loopbarbados.com |publisher=Loop Barbados Inc. |language= |publication-place= |publication-date=10 December 2012 |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |quote= |trans-quote= |bibcode-access= |doi-access= |hdl-access= |jstor-access= |ol-access= |osti-access= |agency= |location= |title-link= |script-website= |trans-website= |eissn= |hdl= |ismn= |medrxiv= |sbn= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= |quote-page= |quote-pages= |script-quote=}}</ref>Bákàn náà ni wọ́n tiú igi yìí lọ sí apá ilẹ̀ Asia pẹ̀lú.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Baobab: Fun Facts About Africa's Tree of Life |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/fun-facts-about-the-baobab-tree-1454374 |website=ThoughtCo}}</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sọ wípé ilẹ̀ Madagascar gan gan ni igi náà ti kọ́kọ́ ṣẹ̀ wá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣe ìtọpinpin ìṣẹ̀dá àti ìwòye ojú-ọjọ́ nipa igi náà.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wan |first1=Jun-Nan |last2=Wang |first2=Sheng-Wei |last3=Leitch |first3=Andrew R. |last4=Leitch |first4=Ilia J. |last5=Jian |first5=Jian-Bo |last6=Wu |first6=Zhang-Yan |last7=Xin |first7=Hai-Ping |last8=Rakotoarinivo |first8=Mijoro |last9=Onjalalaina |first9=Guy Eric |last10=Gituru |first10=Robert Wahiti |last11=Dai |first11=Can |last12=Mwachala |first12=Geoffrey |last13=Zhao |first13=Chen-Xi |last14=Wang |first14=Hong-Qi |last15=Du |first15=Sheng-Lan |display-authors=5 |name-list-style=amp |date=2024 |title=The rise of baobab trees in Madagascar |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07447-4 |pmc=11136661 |doi-access=free |last16=Wei |first16=Neng |last17=Hu |first17=Guang-Wan |last18=Chen |first18=Si-Chong |last19=Chen |first19=Xiao-Ya |last20=Wan |first20=Tao |last21=Wang |first21=Qing-Feng|volume=629 |issue=8014 |pages=1091–1099 |pmid=38750363 |bibcode=2024Natur.629.1091W }}</ref> Orúkọ àdàpè tí wọ́n fún igi yìí ni "Adasonia" tí ó jẹ́ orúkọ onímọ̀ nípa ohun inú ilẹ̀ tí wọ́n ń pe ní [[Michel Adanson]] ọmọ ilẹ̀ Faransé kan tí ó fi sáyẹ́nsì ṣe ọ̀ríkininiwín àlàyé nípa igi náà. .<ref name="Eggli Newton 2004">{{cite book |last1=Eggli |first1=U. |last2=Newton |first2=L.E. |title=Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |year=2004 |isbn=978-3-540-00489-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2n5vusQ1DEC&pg=PA3 |page=3 |access-date=25 September 2018 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301043920/https://books.google.com/books?id=u2n5vusQ1DEC&pg=PA3 |url-status=live}}</ref> Igi ìrókò jẹ́ igi tí ó doríkodò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí tí ó sì jẹ́ igi tí ma ń yani lẹ́nu tí àwọn ìtàn mériyìírí oríṣiríṣi sì rọ̀ mọ ní ilẹ̀ Adúláwọ̀.<ref name="wickens2008">{{cite book |last1=Wickens |first1=G.E. |last2=Lowe |first2=P. |title=The Baobabs: Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia |year=2008 |publisher=Springer Verlag |isbn=978-1-4020-6430-2 |oclc=166358049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vu9ZX3NWPYIC}}</ref> Igi Ìrókò wà lára àwọn igi tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n nípọn, tí wọ́n sì ma ń pẹ́ jùlọ nínú gbogbo igi lágbáyé.<ref name="Patrut2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Patrut A, Woodborne S, Patrut RT, Rakosy L, Lowy DA, Hall G, von Reden KF |title=The demise of the largest and oldest African baobabs |journal=Nature Plants |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=423–426 |date=July 2018 |pmid=29892092 |doi=10.1038/s41477-018-0170-5 |bibcode=2018NatPl...4..423P |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-018-0170-5|hdl=2263/65292 |s2cid=47017569 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Bákan náà ni èsò igi yìí lè so láàri wákàtí mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún.<ref name="Baum">{{Cite journal |last=Baum |first=David A. |date=1995 |title=A Systematic Revision of Adansonia (Bombacaceae) |url=https://archive.org/details/missouri-botanical-garden-annals_1995_82_3/page/440 |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=440–471 |doi=10.2307/2399893 |jstor=2399893 |bibcode=1995AnMBG..82..440B |issn=0026-6493}}</ref>. ==Àpèjúwe igi Ìrókò== [[File:Baobab tree with fruits at Mikumi National Park.jpg|thumb|''Adansonia digitata'' (African baobab) tree in Mikumi National Park with its fruits hanging]] Igi Ìrókò jẹ́ igi tó ma ń pẹ́ láyé tí ó sì ma ń tóbi láti kékeré títí di àgbà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bàtà bíi {{cvt|5|to|30|m|ft|-1}} tall<ref name="Baum"/>, ó ma ń pẹ̀ka fifẹ̀ tí àwọn ẹ̀ka náa fi ma ń dàbí adé. Àwọn ìrókò kékèké sábà na ń orí tẹ́ẹ́rẹ́ nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń dàgbà tí àwọn ẹ̀ka wọn ma ń rí fàọ́fọ́ ìdí wọn á sì tóbi ju orí wọn lọ. Àmọ́, àwọn ìrókò tó ti dàgbà a máa ní àw9n ẹ̀ka tó gbórín tí wọ́n gùn tí wọ́n sì ma ń nawó sókò, ìrísí ìrókò tí ó tábi a má a dàbí [[ìgò]]. Ìrókò ńlá a má a ptakò ńlá ńlá tí yóò fọ́n kálẹ̀. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé a kò lè fi títóbi tàbí fífẹ̀ ìrókò mọ iye ọjọ́ orí rẹ̀ síbẹ̀ igi ìrókó tó bá ti gbó a má a tóbi bákannáà ni èyí tó bá ti gbó a má a tóbi pẹ̀lú. Fífẹ̀ rẹ̀ a má yàtò síra bí [[òjò]] bá ṣe rọ̀ si tó pàá pàá jùlọ ìdí rẹ̀<ref>{{cite web|author=Kornei K|date=2021|title=Scientists determine the age of one of Africa's most famous trees|publisher=Science|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-determine-age-one-africa-s-most-famous-trees}}</ref><ref name="Baum"/>tí ó dàbí ẹni wípé ibẹ̀ ni [[omi]] ara rẹ̀ ń gbé. ===Ewé rẹ̀=== Ewé jẹ́ nkan pàtàkì lára ẹ̀yà ara igi tí ó n fi irúfẹ́ igi tí ó jẹ́ hàn, igi a má a wọ́wé dànù á sì ma rúwé tuntun pẹ̀lú. Ewé tuntun a má a pọ̀ lórí igi nígbà tí igi bá ń rúwé bọ̀, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà lórí fún igi ìrókò. Ewé a má a ní tó ojú márùn ún sí mọ́kànlá lára ẹ̀ka ka, èyí tí ó tètè yọ ni yóò wà níbẹ̀rẹ̀ tàbí àárín bí ẹ̀yà igi kọ̀ọ̀kan bá ṣe rí. Ewé lè sàn lójú tàbí kí ó ma hani lọ́wọ́ wẹ́rẹ́ wẹ́rẹ́. Àsìkò ọ̀gbẹlẹ̀ ni púpọ̀ igi ma ń wọ́wé bẹ́ẹ̀ náà lórí fún igi Ìrókò pẹ̀lú. <ref name="Baum"/> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} fi4epi65x1575an315w3n1g3gtaxs8c Spotted hyena 0 79367 632127 614422 2026-08-19T18:27:09Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Eya ikoko}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2019}} {{Contains special characters|Ethiopic}} {{Speciesbox | name = Ikoko (Spotted Hyena) | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|2.1|0|[[Early Pleistocene]] – Recent}} | image = Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta).jpg | image_caption = Ní [[Etosha National Park]], [[Namibia]] | image2 = Spotted Hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) (W1CDR0000381 BD12).ogg | image2_caption = Ariwo tí wọ́n gbohùn rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ ní [[Umfolozi Game Reserve]], Gúúsù Áfríkà | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Bohm, T. |author2=Höner, O.R. |date=ọdún 2015 |title=''Crocuta crocuta'' |volume=2015 |article-number=e.T5674A45194782 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T5674A45194782.en |access-date=ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021}}</ref> | genus = Crocuta | parent_authority = | species = crocuta | authority = ([[Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben|Erxleben]], 1777) | range_map = Spotted Hyaena area.png | range_map_caption = {{legend0|#4e6155|&nbsp;Agbègbè tí wọ́n wà}} | synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true | title = List<ref>{{MSW3 Wozencraft|id =14000684 | page = 572}}</ref> |''Hyaena crocuta'' <small>Erxleben, 1777</small> |''C. capensis'' <small>Heller, 1914</small> |''C. cuvieri'' <small>Bory de St. Vincent, 1825</small> |''C. fisi'' <small>Bory de St. Vincent, 1825</small> |''C. fortis'' <small>J. A. Allen, 1924</small> |''C. gariepensis'' <small>Matschie, 1900</small> |''C. germinans'' <small>Matschie, 1900</small> |''C. habessynica'' <small>de Blainville, 1844</small> |''C. kibonotensis'' <small>Lönnberg, 1908</small> |''C. leontiewi'' <small>Satunin, 1905</small> |''C. maculata'' <small>Thunberg, 1811</small> |''C. noltei'' <small>Matschie, 1900</small> |''C. nzoyae'' <small>Cabrera, 1911</small> |''C. panganensis'' <small>Lönnberg, 1908</small> |''C. rufa'' <small>Desmarest, 1817</small> |''C. rufopicta'' <small>Cabrera, 1911</small> |''C. sivalensis'' <small>Falconer and Cautley in Falconer, 1868</small> |''C. thierryi'' <small>Matschie, 1900</small> |''C. thomasi'' <small>Cabrera, 1911</small> |''C. togoensis'' <small>Matschie, 1900</small> |''C. wissmanni'' <small>Matschie, 1900</small> }} }} '''Ikoko''' ('''''Crocuta crocuta'''''), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''laughing hyena''',<ref name="f55" /> jẹ́ ẹ̀yà [[ikoko]] kan, tí wọ́n ka àwọn ẹ̀yà tí ó ṣẹ́kù nínú ẹbí ''[[Crocuta]]'' sí, tí wọ́n wọ́pọ̀ ní [[Gúúsù Sàhárà Áfríkà]]. Wọ́n wà nínú àkójọ àwọn ẹranko tí kò sí nínú ewu ìparun láti ọwọ́ [[IUCN]] nítorí bí wọ́n ṣe tàn káàkiri àti iye wọn tí a fojú díwọ̀n sí láàrin 27,000 sí 47,000.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ẹ̀yà yìí ń dínkù ní àwọn agbègbè tí kì í ṣe ibi ìpamọ́ ẹranko nítorí pípàdánù ibùgbé àti ọdẹ àìtọ́.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Àwọn ẹ̀yà ''Crocuta'', tí a sábà máa ń pè ní ẹ̀yà kékeré ti ''Crocuta crocuta'', tí a mọ̀ sí [[cave hyena]]s, ti rìn káàkiri Eurasia fún ó kéré jù, milionu kan ọdún títí di òpin [[Late Pleistocene]].<ref name="varela" /> Ikoko yìí ni ó tóbi jùlọ nínú àwọn ẹ̀yà Hyaenidae, ó sì yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ẹ̀yà mìíràn nípa ìrísí rẹ̀ tí ó jọ [[bear]],<ref name="e290">{{Harvnb|Estes|1998|p=290}}</ref> etí rẹ̀ tí ó ríbiti,<ref name="r355" /> irun ọrùn rẹ̀ tí kò pọ̀ púpọ̀, awọ ara rẹ̀ tí ó ní ààmì,<ref name="r353" /> eyín rẹ̀ tí ó lágbára fún iṣẹ́ méjì,<ref name="mac134">{{Harvnb|Macdonald|1992|pp=134–135}}</ref> àwọn [[ọmú]] tí kò pọ̀,<ref name="drea"/> àti [[#Female genitalia|okó-irọ́]] (pseudo-penis). Òun nìkan ni ẹ̀yà [[placental mammal|ẹranko afọ́mọlọ́mú]] tí àwọn abo rẹ̀ ní [[pseudo-penis|okó-irọ́]] tí wọn kò sì ní ẹnu abẹ́ (vagina opening) ní ìta.<ref name="differentiation" /> Ikoko jẹ́ ẹranko tó nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí ìgbé-pọ̀ láwùjọ jùlọ nínú àwọn [[Carnivora]] nípa pé wọ́n máa ń ní ẹgbẹ́ tó tóbi jùlọ àti ìhùwàsí àwùjọ tó díjú jùlọ.<ref name="m34">{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=34}}</ref> Ètò ìgbé-pọ̀ wọn kò dàbí ti àwọn ẹranko mìíràn tí ń jẹ ẹran, ó jọ ti àwọn [[primate]] (bii [[baboon]] àti [[macaque]]) ní ti bí ẹgbẹ́ ṣe tóbi sí, ètò ipò, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bára wọn sọ̀rọ̀ láàrin ẹbí àti àwọn tí kì í ṣe ẹbí.<ref name="Journal"/> Ètò àwùjọ ikoko dá lórí ìdíje gbangba, pẹ̀lú ànfàní sí oúnjẹ, ìbálòpọ̀, àti àkókò tí àwọn akọ yóò fi kúrò nínú ẹgbẹ́, tí ó dá lórí agbára láti [[dominance (ethology)|jẹgaba]] lórí àwọn mìíràn nínú [[Hyena clan|ẹgbẹ́]] náà. Àwọn abo máa ń tọ́jú ọmọ tiwọn nìkan dípò kí wọ́n ran ara wọn lọ́wọ́, àwọn akọ kì í sì í kópa nínú títọ́jú ọmọ. Síbẹ̀, ikoko máa ń fowósowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ wọn; wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣọdẹ pọ̀, jẹun pọ̀, kí wọ́n sì sinmi pọ̀.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cooke |first=Lucy |title=The truth about animals: stoned sloths, lovelorn hippos, and other tales from the wild side of wildlife |date=ọdún 2018 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-465-09464-6 |edition=First US |location=New York |page=45}}</ref> Àwùjọ ikoko jẹ́ [[matriarchy|ti àwọn abo ló ń darí]]; àwọn abo tóbi ju àwọn akọ lọ, wọ́n sì máa ń jẹgaba lórí wọn.<ref name="e337">{{Harvnb|Estes|1992|pp=337–338}}</ref> Ikoko jẹ́ ẹranko tí ó ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀, òun ni [[carnivore|ẹranko apẹranjẹ]] ńlá tí ó wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ ní Áfríkà. Àṣeyọrí rẹ̀ wáyé nítorí agbára rẹ̀ láti mú ara bá agbègbè mu àti jíjẹ ohunkóhun; ó jẹ́ [[Predation|ọdẹ]] ní pàtàkì ṣùgbọ́n ó tún lè [[scavenge|jẹ òkú ẹran]], pẹ̀lú agbára láti jẹ àti láti da awọ, egungun àti àwọn ìdọ̀tí ẹran mìíràn. Ikoko ni ó máa ń lo àwọn ohun àmúṣọrọ̀ ẹran dáradára jùlọ nínú gbogbo àwọn ẹranko apẹranjẹ ti Áfríkà.<ref name="king262">{{Harvnb|Kingdon|1988|p=262}}</ref> Ikoko máa ń yí ìwà ọdẹ àti ìwákiri oúnjẹ rẹ̀ padà ju àwọn ẹranko apẹranjẹ Áfríkà mìíràn lọ;<ref name="king264">{{Harvnb|Kingdon|1988|p=264}}</ref> ó máa ń ṣọdẹ ní ẹnìkan, ní àwùjọ kékeré ti ènìyàn 2–5, tàbí ní ẹgbẹ́ ńlá. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń ṣọdẹ, ikoko máa ń sáré la àárín agbo ẹran láti yan èyí tí yóò kọlù. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ti yàn án tán, wọ́n á lé ẹran náà lọ sí ibi jíjìn, tí ó sábà máa ń tó kìlómítà mélòó kan, pẹ̀lú eré tó tó {{convert|60|km/h}}.<ref name="m33">{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=33}}</ref> Ikoko ní ìtàn pípẹ́ ti ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[human|ènìyàn]]; àwọn àwòrán ẹranko yìí wà láti ìgbà [[Upper Paleolithic]], pẹ̀lú àwọn ère àti àwòrán nínú àwọn ihò [[Lascaux]] àti [[Chauvet Cave]]s.<ref name="spassov">{{cite journal | last1 = Spassov | first1 = N. | last2 = Stoytchev | first2 = T. | year = 2004 | title = The presence of cave hyaena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea) in the Upper Palaeolithic rock art of Europe | url = http://www.nmnhs.com/downloads/pdfs/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/2004/016-159-166.pdf | journal = Historia Naturalis Bulgarica | volume = 16 | pages = 159–166 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120415101508/http://www.nmnhs.com/downloads/pdfs/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/2004/016-159-166.pdf | archive-date = ọjọ́ kẹdogun oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2012 | access-date = 3 February 2026 | archivedate = 15 April 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120415101508/http://www.nmnhs.com/downloads/pdfs/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/2004/016-159-166.pdf | deadurl = yes }}</ref> Ẹranko yìí ní òkìkí burúkú nínú [[Western culture|àṣà Ìwọ̀-oòrùn]] àti [[Traditional African religion|ìtàn àròsọ Áfríkà]]. Nínú ti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, wọ́n kà á sí ẹranko tí ó burú tí ó sì jẹ́ ojo, nígbà tí nínú ti Áfríkà, wọ́n wò ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹranko oníwọ̀ra, òmùgọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n tí ó lágbára tí ó sì léwu. Pupọ̀ nínú àwọn èrò Ìwọ̀-oòrùn lórí ẹranko yìí ni a lè rí nínú àwọn ìwé [[Aristotle]] àti [[Pliny the Elder]], bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọn kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ ṣe ìdájọ́ rẹ̀. Àwọn ìdájọ́ burúkú gan-an wáyé nínú ''[[Physiologus]]'', níbi tí a ti fi ẹranko náà hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[hermaphrodite]] àti [[Grave robbery|olè ibojì]].<ref name="glickman">Glickman, Stephen (1995). [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-17909878.html "The Spotted Hyena from Aristotle to the Lion King: Reputation is Everything{{snd}} In the Company of Animals"], ''Social Research'', Volume 62</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ lórí ikoko ti IUCN sọ pé òkìkí burúkú yìí jẹ́ ewu fún wíwà ẹranko náà, yálà ní ìgbèkùn tàbí ní igbó.<ref name="glickman"/><ref name="m92">{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=92 & 101}}</ref> ==Orísun ọ̀rọ̀ àti ísọlọ́rúkọ== Orukọ imọ-jinlẹ ikoko ''Crocuta'' jẹ́ èyí tí a rò tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[Latin]] {{lang|la|crocutus}}, èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí 'àwọ̀ sáfírónì', tí ó ń tọ́ka sí àwọ̀ irun ẹranko náà. Èyí jẹ́ ohun tí a fihàn pé kò tọ́, nítorí pé ọ̀nà tí a fi ń kọ ọ̀rọ̀ náà gan-an ìbá jẹ́ ''Crocāta'', àti pé wọn kò lo ọ̀rọ̀ náà rí nípa bẹ́ẹ̀ nínú àwọn ìwé Giriki-Roomu. ''Crocuta'' wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[Ancient Greek|Gíríìkì Àtijọ́]] {{Lang|grc|Κροκόττας}} ({{Lang|grc-latn|krokottas}}), èyí tí ó wá láti inú [[Sanskrit]] {{Transliteration|sa|koṭṭhâraka}}, èyí tí òun náà wá láti {{Transliteration|sa|kroshṭuka}} (àwọn méjèèjí tí a kọ́kọ́ lò láti tọ́ka sí [[golden jackal]]). Ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ nípa [[Crocotta|Κροκόττας]] wà nínú ìwé [[Strabo]] ''[[Geographica]]'', níbi tí a ti ṣe àpèjúwe ẹranko náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àdàpọ̀ ìkookò àti ajá tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ní Ethiopia.<ref name="f52">{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|pp=52–54}}</ref> [[File:Synopsis Quadrupeds crocuta.png|thumb|Àwòrán ikoko láti inú ìwé [[Thomas Pennant]] ''History of Quadrupeds'', ọ̀kan lára àwọn àwòrán àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jọjú nípa ẹranko yìí<ref name="f134">{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|p=134}}</ref>]] Láti ìgbà [[Classical antiquity]] títí di [[Renaissance]], wọ́n rò pé ikoko àti [[striped hyena|ikoko onílà]] jẹ́ ẹ̀yà kan náà, tàbí kí wọ́n yà wọ́n sọ́tọ̀ nípa agbègbè nìkan, kì í ṣe nípa ìrísí ara. [[Hiob Ludolf]], nínú ìwé rẹ̀ {{Lang|la|Historia aethiopica}}, ni ẹni àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ya ''Crocuta'' sọ́tọ̀ kúrò nínú ''[[Hyaena]]'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹranko ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò rí ẹranko náà rí fúnra rẹ̀, ó gbọ́ nípa rẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ agbógùnlọ ará Etiópíà kan.<ref name="f55">{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|pp=55–56}}</ref> Ìdàrúdàpọ̀ ṣì wà lórí irú ẹbí tí ikoko jẹ́ gan-an, pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn arìnrìn-àjò Ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù ní Etiópíà tí wọ́n ń pe ikoko ní "wolves". Èyí wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[Amharic]] fún ikoko, {{linktext|ጅብ}} ({{Transliteration|am|jɨbb}}), èyí tí ó jọ ọ̀rọ̀ [[Arabic|Lárúbáwá]] {{linktext|ذئب}} ({{Transliteration|ar|dhiʾb}}) 'wolf'.<ref name="wade">{{cite journal | last1 = Wade | first1 = D. W. | year = 2006 | title = Hyenas and Humans in the Horn of Africa | url = http://www.everythingharar.com/publication/Hyenas%20and%20Humans%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20-%20Gade.pdf | journal = The Geographical Review | volume = 96 | issue = 4 | pages = 609–632 | doi = 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2006.tb00519.x | bibcode = 2006GeoRv..96..609G | s2cid = 162339018 | access-date = ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2012 | archive-date = ọjọ́ kọkandinlọgbọn oṣù kẹta ọdún 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090959/http://www.everythingharar.com/publication/Hyenas%20and%20Humans%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20-%20Gade.pdf | archivedate = 27 March 2019 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090959/http://www.everythingharar.com/publication/Hyenas%20and%20Humans%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20-%20Gade.pdf | deadurl = yes }}</ref> Àpèjúwe àkọ́kọ́ tí ó kúnrẹ́rẹ́ nípa ikoko láti ọwọ́ àwọn ará Yúróòpù wá láti ọwọ́ Willem Bosman àti [[Peter Kolbe]]. Bosman, oníṣòwò [[Dutch people|Dọ́ọ̀ṣì]] kan tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ fún [[Dutch West India Company]] ní [[Dutch Gold Coast|Gold Coast]] (tí ó jẹ́ [[Ghana]] òní) láti ọdún 1688 sí 1701, kọ nípa {{Lang|nl|Jakhals, of Boshond}} (jackals or woodland dogs) tí ìrísí ara wọn jọ ti ikoko. Kolben, onímọ̀ ìṣirò àti ìwòràwọ̀ [[Germans|Jámánì]] kan tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ fún [[Dutch East India Company]] ní [[Cape of Good Hope]] láti ọdún 1705 sí 1713, ṣàpèjúwe ikoko dáradára, ṣùgbọ́n ó pè é ní "tigerwolf", nítorí pé àwọn olùgbé gúúsù Áfríkà kò mọ nípa ikoko, wọ́n sì máa ń pè wọ́n ní "wolves".<ref name=autogenerated4>{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|pp=57–58}}</ref> Àwọn àpèjúwe Bosman àti Kolben kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ di mímọ̀ títí di ọdún 1771, nígbà tí onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá [[Welsh people|Welsh]] [[Thomas Pennant]] lo àwọn àpèjúwe náà àti ìrírí ara rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú èyí tí ó wà ní ìgbèkùn láti fi ìyàtọ̀ sáàrin ikoko àti ikoko onílà nínú ìwé rẹ̀ ''Synopsis of Quadrupeds''. Àpèjúwe tí Pennant fúnni péye tó láti jẹ́ kí [[Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben|Johann Erxleben]] fi sínú ìwé rẹ̀ {{Lang|la|Systema regni animalis}} nípa títúmọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ Pennant sí èdè Latin. Wọ́n tẹ́wọ́ gba ''Crocuta'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀yà ọ̀tọ̀ kúrò nínú ''Hyaena'' ní ọdún 1828.<ref name="f58">{{Harvnb|Funk|2010|pp=58–59}}</ref> ==Ìpín, orísun àti ẹfolúṣọ̀n== [[File:Spotted Hyena at White River.jpg|left|thumb|Ikoko méjì ní [[White River, Mpumalanga]]. Ṣàkíyèsí ìyàtọ̀ nínú àwọ̀ irun wọn, èyí tí wọ́n máa ń lò tẹ́lẹ̀ láti pín wọn sí oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀yà kékeré.]] Yàtọ̀ sí ikoko onílà, èyí tí wọ́n ti dábàá oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀yà kékeré fún, ikoko jẹ́ ẹ̀yà tí ó máa ń yípadà gan-an. Agbègbè tí wọ́n wà tẹ́lẹ̀ kárí gbogbo Áfríkà àti [[Eurasia]], ó sì fi ìyàtọ̀ ńlá hàn nínú ìrísí, èyí tí ó yọrí sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orúkọ. Nígbà tó yá, wọ́n wá rí i pé gbogbo ìyàtọ̀ yìí jẹ́ ti àwọn ẹnìkọ̀ọ̀kan nínú ẹ̀yà kan náà. Ní ọdún 1939, onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá alààyè [[L Harrison Matthews]] fihàn nípasẹ̀ ìfiwéra láàrin àwọn agbárí ikoko púpọ̀ láti Tanzania pé gbogbo ìyàtọ̀ tí a rí nínú àwọn ẹ̀yà kékeré tí a mọ̀ nígbà náà ni a tún lè rí nínú agbo kan, pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ nínú irun àti títóbi nìkan. Nígbà tí a bá wo àwọn egungun àtijọ́ (fossils), ẹ̀yà náà fi ìyàtọ̀ púpọ̀ hàn ju ti òde òní lọ, àti pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà egungun àtijọ́ wọ̀nyí ni a ti kà sí [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymous]] pẹ̀lú ''Crocuta crocuta''.<ref name="m16">{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=16}}</ref> [[File:Crocuta silvanensis skull.png|thumb|Agbárí ti ''Crocuta sivalensis'', ikoko [[India]] tí ó ti parun tí [[Björn Kurtén]] dábàá pé ó jẹ́ babanlá ikoko òde òní]] Àwọn babanlá ẹ̀yà ''Crocuta'' yapa kúrò nínú ''Hyaena'' (ẹ̀yà àwọn ikoko onílà àti [[brown hyena]]) ní nǹkan bíi miliọnu 10 ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref name="rohland">{{cite journal |last1=Rohland |first1=N |last2=Pollack |first2=JL |last3=Nagel |first3=D |last4=Beauval |first4=C |last5=Airvaux |first5=J |last6=Paabo |first6=S |last7=Hofreiter |first7=M |year=2005 |title=The population history of extant and extinct hyenas |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_2005-12_22_12/page/2435 |journal=Mol. Biol. Evol. |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=2435–2443 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msi244 |pmid=16120805 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="m1">{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=1}}</ref> Àwọn babanlá ikoko wọ̀nyí ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ìhùwàsí àwùjọ láti kojú ìfúngunpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ẹranko apẹranjẹ mìíràn lórí òkú ẹran, èyí tí ó fipá mú wọn láti ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ ní ẹgbẹ́. Ní àkókò kan nínú [[evolution|ìtànkalẹ̀]] wọn, ikoko ní àwọn eyín carnassial dídá lẹ́yìn àwọn premolar tí ń fọ́ egungun; èyí mú kí wọ́n má nílò láti dúró de kí ẹran wọn kú, bí ti àwọn brown àti striped hyena, wọ́n sì di ọdẹ tó ń ṣọdẹ ní ẹgbẹ́ àti ajẹ-òkú-ẹran. Wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ní àwọn agbègbè títóbi, nítorí pé àwọn ẹran tí wọ́n ń pa máa ń ṣí kiri.<ref name="mac134" /> Wọ́n ti sọ pé ìjẹgaba àwọn abo nínú ẹgbẹ́ ikoko jẹ́ àtúnṣe láti lè díje pẹ̀lú àwọn akọ lórí oúnjẹ, àti láti rí i dájú pé wọ́n ní wàrà tó pọ̀ fún àwọn ọmọ wọn.<ref name="e337" /> Èrò mìíràn ni pé ó jẹ́ àtúnṣe sí àkókò tí ó máa ń gbà fún àwọn ọmọ láti dagba àwọn agbárí àti pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ wọn tó tóbi, èyí tí ó ń béèrè fún àbójútó púpọ̀ àti ìhùwàsí ìjẹgaba láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn abo.<ref name="watts">{{cite journal |last1=Watts |first1=Heather E. |last2=Tanner |first2=Jamie B. |last3=Lundrigan |first3=Barbara L. |last4=Holekamp |first4=Kay E. |year=2009 |title=Post-weaning maternal effects and the evolution of female dominance in the spotted hyena |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=276 |issue=1665 |pages=2291–2298 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2009.0268 |pmc=2677617 |pmid=19324728 |bibcode=2009PBioS.276.2291W }}</ref> Àwọn [[Björn Kurtén]] àti [[Camille Arambourg]] gbé èrò náà lárugẹ pé Asia ni ẹranko yìí ti wá; Kurtén dojúkọ àwọn àríyànjiyàn rẹ̀ lórí [[Plio-Pleistocene]] [[taxon]] ''Crocuta sivalensis'' láti [[Siwaliks]],<ref name="k69">{{Harvnb|Kurtén|1968|pp=69–72}}</ref> èrò tí Arambourg gbè lẹ́yìn, ẹni tí ó sọ pé ó ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ Indo-Ethiopian.<ref>Gilbert, W. Henry; Asfaw, Berhane (2008), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KRUw9-Cx5hoC&pg=PA99 Homo erectus: pleistocene evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia]'', Volume 1 of Middle Awash series, University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-25120-2}}. p. 99.</ref> Ficarelli àti Torre kọ èrò yìí, wọ́n tọ́ka sí ẹ̀rí wíwà ikoko ní Áfríkà láti ìgbà Pleistocene ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, ọjọ́ orí tí ó jọ ti ''C. sivalensis'' ti Asia.<ref>Ficarelli, G.; D. Torre. (1970), "Remarks on the taxonomy of hyaenids". ''Palaeontographia Italica'' 66:13–33.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé òde òní fara mọ́ pé Áfríkà ni wọ́n ti wá, pẹ̀lú àwọn egungun àtijọ́ jùlọ ti ''Crocuta'' tí ó wà láti ìgbà Pliocene ti Áfríkà, ní nǹkan bí 3.63 sí 3.85 miliọnu ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref name="Westbury-2020">{{cite journal |last1=Westbury |first1=Michael V. |last2=Hartmann |first2=Stefanie |last3=Barlow |first3=Axel |last4=Preick |first4=Michaela |last5=Ridush |first5=Bogdan |last6=Nagel |first6=Doris |last7=Rathgeber |first7=Thomas |last8=Ziegler |first8=Reinhard |last9=Baryshnikov |first9=Gennady |last10=Sheng |first10=Guilian |last11=Ludwig |first11=Arne |last12=Wiesel |first12=Ingrid |last13=Dalen |first13=Love |last14=Bibi |first14=Faysal |last15=Werdelin |first15=Lars |date=ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹta ọdún 2020 |title=Hyena paleogenomes reveal a complex evolutionary history of cross-continental gene flow between spotted and cave hyena |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=6 |issue=11 |article-number=eaay0456 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aay0456 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=7069707 |pmid=32201717|bibcode=2020SciA....6..456W }}</ref> Fossil tó pẹ́ jùlọ ti ''Crocuta crocuta'' ní Áfríkà wá láti [[Cradle of Humankind]], ní pàtàkì láti Sterkfontein Member 4 tí ọjọ́ orí rẹ̀ tó {{Ma|2.1}}, ó sì tún wọ́pọ̀ nínú àwọn ohun tí wọ́n rí tí ọjọ́ orí wọn wà láàrin {{Ma|2.0|1.5}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Reynolds, S.C.|year=2010|title=Where the Wild Things Were: Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Carnivores in the Cradle of Humankind (Gauteng, South Africa) in Relation to the Accumulation of Mammalian and Hominin Assemblages|journal=Journal of Taphonomy|volume=8|issue=2–3|pages=233–257|s2cid=131601883}}</ref> Àyẹ̀wò mitochondrial genomes ti ''Crocuta'' Eurasia ([[cave hyena]]) fihàn pé kò sí ìyàtọ̀ tó pọ̀ sí ti Áfríkà. Ó tún dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ikoko òde òní wá láti ara àwọn tí ó wà ní Afro-Eurasia tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ dínkù sí Áfríkà nìkan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sheng |first1=Gui-Lian |last2=Soubrier |first2=Julien |last3=Liu |first3=Jin-Yi |last4=Werdelin |first4=Lars |last5=Llamas |first5=Bastien |last6=Thomson |first6=Vicki A. |last7=Tuke |first7=Jonathan |last8=Wu |first8=Lian-Juan |last9=Hou |first9=Xin-Dong |last10=Chen |first10=Quan-Jia |last11=Lai |first11=Xu-Long |last12=Cooper |first12=Alan |date=ọjọ́ kọkandinlọgbọn oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2014 |title=Pleistocene C hinese cave hyenas and the recent E urasian history of the spotted hyena, C rocuta crocuta |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.12576 |journal=Molecular Ecology |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=522–533 |doi=10.1111/mec.12576 |pmid=24320717 |bibcode=2014MolEc..23..522S |issn=0962-1083 |access-date=ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kejì ọdún 2024 |via=Wiley Online Library|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àyẹ̀wò nuclear genome fihàn pé àwọn ikoko Áfríkà àti Eurasia ní ìgbà Late Pleistocene yapa sí ara wọn gan-an, tí a fojú díwọ̀n pé wọ́n yapa ní nǹkan bíi {{Ma|2.5}}, tí ó súnmọ́ ọjọ́ orí àwọn ''Crocuta'' àkọ́kọ́ ní Eurasia, tí ó jẹ́ nǹkan bíi {{Ma|2.0}} láti China. Àwọn àbájáde nuclear genome tún dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ikoko ti Europe àti Asia yàtọ̀ sí ara wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n súnmọ́ ara wọn ju àwọn ikoko Áfríkà lọ. Àyẹ̀wò nuclear genome tún sọ pé ìbálòpọ̀ wà láàrin àwọn ikoko Áfríkà àti Eurasia fún ìgbà díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n yapa, èyí tí ó ṣeéṣe kí ó ṣàlàyé ìyàtọ̀ láàrin àbájáde nuclear àti mitochondrial genome, pẹ̀lú mitochondrial genomes ti ikoko Áfríkà àti Europe tí ó súnmọ́ ara wọn ju ti ikoko Asia, tí ó ń tọ́ka sí ṣíṣàn apilẹ̀ àbùdá láàrin àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjí lẹ́yìn ìyapa láàrin àwọn ikoko ti Asia àti Europe.<ref name="Westbury-2020" /> Híhàn rẹ̀ ní Europe àti China bá ìparun ''[[Pachycrocuta|Pachycrocuta brevirostris]]'', ikoko ńlá oníwájú-kúkúrú mu. Níwọ̀n bí kò ti sí ẹ̀rí pé ìyípadà àyíká ló fa ìparun rẹ̀, ó ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ pé ìdíje pẹ̀lú ikoko ló fa ìparun rẹ̀.<ref>Kurtén, Björn (1988) On evolution and fossil mammals, Columbia University Press, pp. 238–242, {{ISBN|0-231-05868-3}}</ref> ==Àpèjúwe== ===Ẹ̀yà ara=== [[File:Spotted Hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) female close-up ... (31339658775).jpg|thumb|Àwòrán súnmọ́lé ti ikoko abo kan, [[Kruger National Park]], Gúúsù Áfríkà]] [[File:Walking Spotted Hyena Luangwa Jul23 A7C 05771.jpg|thumb|left|Ikoko tí ń rìn, [[South Luangwa National Park]], Zambia]] Ikoko ní ọrùn àti apá iwájú tó lágbára, ṣùgbọ́n apá ẹ̀yìn tí kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ dàgbà. [[Rump (animal)|Ìdí]] rẹ̀ ríbiti, èyí tí ó máa ń dènà àwọn tí ó fẹ́ kọlù ú láti ẹ̀yìn láti di ibẹ̀ mú.<ref name="k209">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=209}}</ref> Orí rẹ̀ fẹ́lẹ́ pẹ̀lú ẹnu gboro àti [[rhinarium]] tó fẹ̀. Yàtọ̀ sí ikoko onílà, etí ikoko ríbiti dípò kí ó gùn. Ẹsẹ̀ kọ̀ọ̀kan ní àwọn ìka mẹ́rin, tí ó ní awọ láàrin àti èékánná kúkúrú. Àtẹ́lẹsẹ̀ rẹ̀ fẹ̀, ó sì tẹ́jú. Ìrù rẹ̀ kúrú, ó tó {{cvt|300|–|350|mm}} ní gígùn,<ref name="r355">{{Harvnb|Rosevear|1974|pp=355–357}}</ref> ó sì jọ [[pompom]]. Àrà ọ̀tọ̀ ni pé, àwọn ikoko abo tóbi ju àwọn akọ lọ.<ref name="k211" /> Àwọn méjèèjí ní [[anal gland]]s tí ó máa ń ṣí sínú [[rectum]]. Àwọn keekèé wọ̀nyí máa ń mú [[hyena butter|ohun funfun kan]] jáde tí wọ́n máa ń fi sára koríko. Òórùn rẹ̀ lágbára, ó sì ń run bí ọṣẹ tí ń hó tàbí ohun tí ń jóná, ènìyàn sì lè gbọ́ òórùn rẹ̀ ní ibi pípẹ́.<ref name="k222">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=222}}</ref> Ikoko ní [[heart|ọkàn]] tó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún un ní agbára ìfaradà nínú lílé ẹran lọ́nà jínjìn. Ọkàn rẹ̀ fẹ́rẹ̀ tó 1% ìwọ̀n ara rẹ̀, nígbà tí ti kìnìún jẹ́ 0.45–0.57% nìkan.<ref name="s248">{{Harvnb|Schaller|1976|p=248}}</ref> Àwọn ikoko Eurasia tí wọ́n ti parun yàtọ̀ sí ti Áfríkà òde òní nítorí apá wọn tí ó kúrú díẹ̀ àti [[humerus]] àti [[femur]] wọn tí ó gùn.<ref>Dockner, M. (2006). [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.519.1292&rep=rep1&type=pdf Comparison of ''Crocuta crocuta crocuta'' and ''Crocuta crocuta spelaea'' through computer tomography]. (Masters Thesis).</ref> [[File:Crocuta crocuta 02 MWNH 249.jpg|thumb|Agbárí ikoko]] [[File:SpotHyaenaSkelLyd1.png|thumb|Egungun ikoko, àwòrán láti inú [[Richard Lydekker]] "The Royal Natural History"]] Agbárí ikoko yàtọ̀ sí ti ikoko onílà nípa pé ó tóbi jù àti pé [[sagittal crest]] rẹ̀ kéré. Agbárí rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára èyí tó lágbára jùlọ láàrin àwọn Carnivora.<ref name="r357">{{Harvnb|Rosevear|1974|pp=357–358}}</ref> Eyín rẹ̀ wúlò fún iṣẹ́ méjì ju ti àwọn ikoko mìíràn lọ; àwọn [[premolar]] kẹta òkè àti ìsàlẹ̀ rí bíi kóònù tí ó ń fọ́ egungun. Ikoko tún ní àwọn [[carnassial]] lẹ́yìn àwọn premolar tí ń fọ́ egungun, èyí tí ó jẹ́ kí ó lè fọ́ egungun láì ba àwọn carnassial rẹ̀ jẹ́.<ref name="mac134" /> Pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣan àgbọn tó lágbára, wọ́n ní agbára ìjẹun tó lágbára púpọ̀ tí ó lè tó 80&nbsp;[[kgf/cm2]] (1140 [[lbf/in²]]),<ref name="mac118">{{Harvnb|Macdonald|1992|p=118}}</ref> èyí tí ó ju agbára ẹkùn lọ ní ìpín 40%.<ref>Hunter, Luke & Hinde, Gerald (2005) ''Cats of Africa'', Struik, {{ISBN|1-77007-063-X}}</ref> Àgbọn ikoko lágbára ju ti [[brown bear]] lọ ní ti fífọ́ egungun,<ref>Savage, R. J. G. (1955) ''Giant deer from Lough Beg''. The Irish Naturalists' Journal 11d: 1–6.</ref> a sì ti rí i tí wọ́n ń fọ́ egungun gígùn ti [[giraffe]] tí ó fẹ̀ tó 7cm.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tanner |first1=Jaime B. |last2=Dumont |first2=Elizabeth R. |last3=Sakai |first3=Sharleen T. |last4=Lundrigan |first4=Barbara L. |last5=Holekamp |first5=Kay E. |date=ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2008 |title=Of arcs and vaults: the biomechanics of bone-cracking in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): FE ANALYSIS OF THE SPOTTED HYENA SKULL |url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01052.x |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |language=en |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=246–255 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01052.x |bibcode=2008BJLS...95..246T |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615201256/http://www.people.umass.edu/jtanner/Tanner_et_al2008.pdf|archive-date=ọjọ́ kẹdogun oṣù kẹfa ọdún 2010 }}</ref> A fojú díwọ̀n pé ikoko tó wọn {{cvt|63.1|kg}} ní agbára ìjẹun ti 565.7 newtons ní orí eyín canine àti 985.5 newtons ní carnassial.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Christiansen |first1=Per |last2=Wroe |first2=Stephen |date=Oṣù Kẹjì ọdún 2007 |title=Bite Forces and Evolutionary Adaptations to Feeding Ecology in Carnivores |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[347:BFAEAT]2.0.CO;2 |journal=Ecology |language=en |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=347–358 |doi=10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[347:BFAEAT]2.0.CO;2 |pmid=17479753 |issn=0012-9658|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Nínú ìwádìí kan, wọ́n rí i pé ẹnìkan ní agbára ìjẹun ti 4,500 newtons.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Binder |first1=Wendy J. |last2=Van Valkenburgh |first2=Blaire |year=2000 |title=Development of Bite Strength and Feeding Behaviour in Juvenile Spotted Hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227825507 |journal=Journal of Zoology |volume=252 |issue=3 |pages=273–83 |doi=10.1017/s0952836900000017 |access-date=ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2021}}</ref> ===Ìwọ̀n=== Ikoko ni ó tóbi jùlọ nínú àwọn Hyaenidae.<ref name="m2">{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=2}}</ref> Àwọn àgbàlágbà wọn máa ń tó {{cvt|95|-|165.8|cm}} ní gígùn ara, pẹ̀lú gíga èjìká ti {{cvt|70|-|91.5|cm}}.<ref name="king260"/> Àwọn akọ ikoko ní [[Serengeti]] máa ń wọn {{cvt|40.5|-|55.0|kg}}, nígbà tí àwọn abo máa ń wọn {{cvt|44.5|-|63.9|kg}}. Ikoko ní [[Zambia]] sábà máa ń wúwo sí i, pẹ̀lú àwọn akọ tí wọ́n máa ń wọn {{cvt|67.6|kg}}, àti àwọn abo {{cvt|69.2|kg}}.<ref name="k211">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=211}}</ref> A ti rí àwọn tí wọ́n wúwo tó {{cvt|81.7|kg}}<ref name="mac134"/> àti {{cvt|90|kg}}<ref name="king260">{{Harvnb|Kingdon|1988|p=260}}</ref>. A ti fojú díwọ̀n pé àwọn ikoko Eurasia tí wọ́n ti parun máa ń wọn tó {{cvt|102|kg}}.<ref>Meloro, Carlo (2007), [http://www.fedoa.unina.it/1935/1/Meloro_Scienze_Terra.pdf ''Plio-Pleistocene large carnivores from the Italian peninsula: functional morphology and macroecology''] Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze della Terra Geologia del Sedimentario "XX Ciclo"</ref> ===Irun=== Àwọ̀ irun wọn máa ń yàtọ̀, ó sì ń yípadà pẹ̀lú ọjọ́ orí.<ref name="k209"/> Yàtọ̀ sí irun ti ikoko onílà àti brown hyena, ti ikoko ní àwọn ààmì (spots) dípò ilà, ó sì kúrú, láìní irun ọ̀rọ̀ dídúró bi ti àwọn méjì yòókù.<ref name="r353">{{Harvnb|Rosevear|1974|p=353}}</ref> Àwọ̀ rẹ̀ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọ̀ pupa-rusurusu tàbí ofeefee-grẹy pẹ̀lú àwọn ààmì róbótó lẹ́yìn àti ní ìdí. Àwọn ààmì náà lè jẹ́ pupa, dudu-pupa tàbí dúdú. Àwọn ààmì náà máa ń yàtọ̀ ní ìtóbi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń tó {{cvt|20|mm}}. Àwọn ààmì yìí máa ń hàn ní ẹsẹ̀ àti ikùn ṣùgbọ́n wọn kì í sí ní ọ̀fun àti àyà. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìwádìí kan (bii Ngorongoro Crater Hyena Project<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyena Project|url=https://hyena-project.com/|website=Hyena Project|language=en|access-date=ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2020}}</ref> àti MSU Hyena Project<ref>{{cite web|title=Magazine Article|url=https://alumni.msu.edu/stay-informed/magazine/article.cfm?id=281|website=MSU Alumni|language=en|access-date=ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2020|archive-date=ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kẹfa ọdún 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611195850/https://alumni.msu.edu/stay-informed/magazine/article.cfm?id=281}}</ref>) máa ń lo àwọn ààmì wọ̀nyí láti fi dá àwọn ikoko mọ̀. ===Ẹ̀yà ara ìbímọ ti abo=== {{further|Clitoris#Spotted hyenas}} [[File:Anatomischer_Anzeiger_(1922)_(18006271698).jpg|thumb|400 px|'''Ẹ̀yà ara ìbímọ ti akọ àti abo ikoko, láti ọwọ́ Schmotzer & Zimmerman, ''Anatomischer Anzeiger'' (1922)'''. Abb. 1 (Fig. 1.) ''Male reproductive anatomy.'' Abb. 2 (Fig. 2.) ''Female reproductive anatomy.''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmotzer |first1=B. |last2=Zimmerman |first2=A. |name-list-style=amp |date=ọjọ́ kẹdogun oṣù kẹrin ọdún 1922 |title=Über die weiblichen Begattungsorgane der gefleckten Hyäne |trans-title=About the female sexual organs of the spotted hyena |url=https://archive.org/stream/anatomischeranze55anat/#page/n4/mode/1up |journal=Anatomischer Anzeiger |language=de |location=Jena, DEU |publisher=Gustav Fischer |volume=55 |issue=12/13 |pages=257–264, esp. 260 |access-date=ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2016 |quote=Anatomischer Anzeiger: Centralblatt für die gesamte wissenschaftliche Anatomie [Anatomical Gazette: Central Journal for the whole of Scientific Anatomy]. |editor=von Eggeling, H.}}</ref> Principal abbreviations (from von Eggeling) are: '''T''', testis; '''VD''', vas deferens; '''BU''', urethral bulb; '''Ur''', urethra; '''R''', rectum; '''P''', penis; '''S''', scrotum; '''O''', ovary; '''FT''', Fallopian tubes; '''RL''', ligamentum uteri; '''Ut''', uterus; '''CC''', corpus clitoridis. Remaining abbreviations, in alphabetical order, are: '''AG''', anal glands; '''B''', vesica urinaria; '''CG''', Cowper's glands; '''CP''', corpus penis; '''CS''', corpus spongiosum; '''GC''', glans clitoridis; '''GP''', glans penis; '''LA''', levator ani muscle; '''Pr''', prepuce; '''RC''', musculus retractor clitoridis; '''RP''', musculus retractor penis; '''UCG''', canalis urogenitalis.]] Ẹ̀yà ara ìbímọ ti abo jọ ti akọ púpọ̀; [[clitoris]] rẹ̀ rí bíi okó, [[pseudo-penis|okó-irọ́]], ó sì lè [[Clitoral erection|le]]. Abo náà kò ní ẹnu [[vagina|abẹ́]] ní ìta, nítorí pé [[labia]] rẹ̀ ti dapo láti di pseudo-[[scrotum]]. Okó-irọ́ yìí ní urogenital canal kan tí ó dé orí rẹ̀, èyí tí abo máa ń tọ̀ sí, tí ó fi ń [[copulation (zoology)|bá akọ lòpọ̀]], tí ó sì fi ń bímọ.<ref name="k210">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=210}}</ref><ref name="courtship">{{cite journal | last1 = Szykman | first1 = M. | last2 = Van Horn | first2 = R. C. | last3 = Engh | first3 = A.L. | last4 = Boydston | first4 = E. E. | last5 = Holekamp | first5 = K. E. | year = 2007 | title = Courtship and mating in free-living spotted hyenas | url = http://tuvalu.santafe.edu/~bowles/Dominance/Papers/SzykmanetalHyenaMatingBehaviour2007.pdf | journal = Behaviour | volume = 144 | issue = 7 | pages = 815–846 | doi = 10.1163/156853907781476418 | bibcode = 2007Behav.144..815S | citeseerx = 10.1.1.630.5755 | access-date = ọjọ́ kẹrinlelogun oṣù kejìlá ọdún 2011 | archive-date = ọjọ́ ọgbọn oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121130193631/http://tuvalu.santafe.edu/~bowles/Dominance/Papers/SzykmanetalHyenaMatingBehaviour2007.pdf | archivedate = 30 November 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121130193631/http://tuvalu.santafe.edu/~bowles/Dominance/Papers/SzykmanetalHyenaMatingBehaviour2007.pdf | deadurl = yes }}</ref> A lè fi ìyàtọ̀ sáàrin okó-irọ́ àti [[Mammalian male genitalia|ẹ̀yà ara akọ]] nítorí pé okó-irọ́ kúrú díẹ̀, ó nípọn sí i, àti pé orí rẹ̀ ríbiti.<ref name="differentiation">Glickman SE, Cunha GR, Drea CM, Conley AJ and Place NJ. (2006). ''[http://courses.washington.edu/pbio509/Glickman_etal.pdf Mammalian sexual differentiation: lessons from the spotted hyena]''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222022824/http://courses.washington.edu/pbio509/Glickman_etal.pdf |date=ọjọ́ kejìlelogun oṣù kejì ọdún 2013 }} Trends Endocrinol Metab 17:349–356.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cunha | first1 = Gerald R. |display-authors=etal |year = 2003 |title = Urogenital system of the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta Erxleben): a functional histological study | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7987309 |format = PDF |journal = Journal of Morphology | volume = 256 | issue = 2 |pages=205–218 |doi=10.1002/jmor.10085| pmid = 12635111 | bibcode = 2003JMorp.256..205C | s2cid = 26473002}}</ref><ref>Cunha, Gerald R., et al. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mary_Weldele/publication/7825103_The_ontogeny_of_the_urogenital_system_of_the_spotted_hyena_(Crocuta_crocuta_Erxleben)/links/00463524c4bb5b0c6b000000.pdf The ontogeny of the urogenital system of the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta Erxleben).]" Biology of reproduction 73.3 (2005): 554–564.</ref> Ní tàkọ-tabo, àwọn [[penile spines]] wà ní orí okó wọn.<ref>Drea, C. M., et al. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mary_Weldele/publication/13572702_Androgens_and_masculinization_of_genitalia_in_the_spotted_hyaena_(Crocuta_crocuta)._3._Effects_of_juvenile_gonadectomy/links/00463524c4bb4a865f000000.pdf Androgens and masculinization of genitalia in the spotted hyaena.]" J. Reprod. Fertil 113 (1998): 117–127.</ref><ref name="Estes1991">{{cite book |author=Estes |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0520080858 |title=The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates |publisher=University of California Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-520-08085-0 |url-access=registration}}</ref> ==Ìhùwàsí== ===Ìhùwàsí àwùjọ=== Ikoko jẹ́ ẹranko tó nífẹ̀ẹ́ àwùjọ tí wọ́n ń gbé ní agbo nlá tí ó lè tó 80.<ref name="k7">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=7}}</ref> Ìtóbi ẹgbẹ́ máa ń yàtọ̀ láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn; ní Serengeti, níbi tí ẹran ti máa ń ṣí kiri, ẹgbẹ́ wọn kéré ju ti Ngorongoro Crater, níbi tí ẹran ti wà ní ojú kan.<ref name="k240">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|pp=240–241}}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ ikoko wà ní ìṣọ̀kan ju ti [[wolf]], ṣùgbọ́n kò súnmọ́ ara wọn tó ti [[African wild dog]].<ref name="k276">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|pp=276–278}}</ref> Àwọn abo sábà máa ń jẹgaba lórí àwọn akọ, pẹ̀lú àwọn tí ipò wọn kéré jù tí wọ́n sì ń jẹgaba lórí àwọn akọ tí ipò wọn ga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún lè jẹgaba pẹ̀lú akọ.<ref name="Vullioud">{{Cite journal|last1=Vullioud|first1=Colin|last2=Davidian|first2=Eve|last3=Wachter|first3=Bettina|last4=Rousset|first4=François|last5=Courtiol|first5=Alexandre|last6=Höner|first6=Oliver P.|date=ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2018|title=Social support drives female dominance in the spotted hyaena|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0718-9.epdf?author_access_token=wvdcXPZeIcpgn3CbUL7vJdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0PG9UvWSk9HOzNbk3bfPIewtYtAf8wUEOCip5d4BdI3riplPSCKEZbT0iLEzf2kks-1JQn0vIOm7Z1KQQScbvJVE_NsMgWdi9um3bprrpidaA==|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=3|issue=1|pages=71–76|doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0718-9|pmid=30455441|bibcode=2018NatEE...3...71V |s2cid=53875904|issn=2397-334X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Àwọn ọmọ máa ń gba ipò tí ó tẹ̀lé ti ìyá wọn nígbà tí wọ́n bá bí wọn. Nígbà tí ìyá àgbà bá kú, ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ tó kéré jù ni yóò gba ipò náà. Ó jẹ́ àṣà fún àwọn abo láti dúró sínú ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n bí wọn sí, nígbà tí àwọn akọ sábà máa ń kúrò nígbà tí wọ́n bá tó ọmọ ọdún 2½.<ref name="Vullioud" /> {{CSS image crop |Image = Spotted_Hyaenas_(Crocuta_crocuta)_cubs_(32380071374).jpg |bSize = 450 |cWidth = 210 |cHeight = 280 |oTop = 20 |oLeft = 130 |Description = Àwọn ọmọ ikoko ní Kruger National Park }} Ẹgbẹ́ náà jẹ́ [[fission–fusion society]], níbi tí àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ kì í sábà wà papọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n lè wá oúnjẹ ní àwùjọ kékeré.<ref name="m36">{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=36}}</ref> Àwọn ikoko tí ipò wọn ga máa ń ṣetọ́jú ipò wọn nípasẹ̀ ìwà ipá sí àwọn tí ipò wọn kéré.<ref name="drea"/> Ẹgbẹ́ ikoko díjú ju ti àwọn ẹranko apẹranjẹ mìíràn lọ, ó sì jọ ti àwọn [[primate]] gan-an. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn primate, ikoko máa ń lo ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀yà ara láti mọ àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn, wọ́n mọ̀ pé àwọn kan ṣeé gbẹ́kẹ̀lé ju àwọn mìíràn lọ, wọ́n sì máa ń lo ìmọ̀ yìí nínú ìpinnu ṣíṣe.<ref name="drea">Drea CM, Frank LG (2003) The social complexity of spotted hyenas. In: ''Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies'' (eds de Waal FBM, Tyack PL). pp. 121–148, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.</ref><ref name="Journal">{{cite journal | last1 = Holekamp | first1 = KE | last2 = Sakai | first2 = ST | last3 = Lundrigan | first3 = BL | year = 2007 | title = Social intelligence in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B | volume = 362 | issue = 1480| pages = 523–538 | pmc=2346515 | pmid=17289649 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2006.1993}}</ref> Agbègbè wọn máa ń yàtọ̀, ó le kéré sí {{cvt|40|km2}} ní [[Ngorongoro Crater]] tàbí kó ju {{cvt|1000|km2}} ní [[Kalahari Desert|Kalahari]].<ref name="m36"/> Wọ́n máa ń sàmì sí ààlà agbègbè wọn nípasẹ̀ ìtọ̀ àti ìgbẹ́.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Burgener |first1=Nicole |title=Do Spotted Hyena Scent Marks Code for Clan Membership? |work=Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 11 |pages=169–177 |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer New York |isbn=978-0-387-73944-1 |last2=East |first2=Marion L |last3=Hofer |first3=Heribert |last4=Dehnhard |first4=Martin|date=2008 |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-73945-8_16 }}</ref> {{Anchor|Reproduction and development}} ===Ìbálòpọ̀, ìbímọ, àti ìdàgbàsókè=== {{CSS image crop |Image = Mating hyenas.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 220 |cHeight = 160 |oTop = 60 |oLeft = 60 |Location = left |Description = Àwọn ikoko tí ń gùn ara wọn ní [[Olare Motorogi Conservancy]] }} Ikoko kì í ṣe ẹranko tó ní àkókò pàtó fún ìbímọ, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìbímọ máa ń pọ̀ sí i ní [[wet season|ìgbà òjò]]. Àwọn abo jẹ́ polyestrous, pẹ̀lú àkókò [[estrus]] tó ń gba ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì.<ref name="k27">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|pp=27–31}}</ref> Àwọn akọ àti abo lè bá ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn lòpọ̀.<ref name="courtship"/> Àwọn akọ máa ń tẹríba nígbà tí wọ́n bá súnmọ́ àwọn abo. Ìbálòpọ̀ sábà máa ń wáyé ní òru.<ref name="k230"/> [[File:Crocuta crocuta nursing.jpg|thumb|right|Abo tí ń fún ọmọ ní ọmú, [[Amboseli National Park]], [[Kenya]] ]] [[File:Young spotted hyena, Serengeti, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Ọmọ ikoko ní [[Serengeti]], [[Tanzania]]. Ṣàkíyèsí àwọn ààmì tí ó hàn kedere, èyí tí yóò dínkù pẹ̀lú ọjọ́ orí.]] Àkókò oyún máa ń yàtọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìpíndígba jẹ́ ọjọ́ 110.<ref name="k27"/> Wọ́n sábà máa ń bí ọmọ méjì.<ref name="k27"/> Àwọn akọ kì í kópa nínú títọ́jú ọmọ.<ref name="k273">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=273}}</ref> Ìbímọ máa ń nira fún àwọn ikoko, nítorí pé wọ́n ń bímọ gba ẹnu clitoris wọn tóóró. Àwọn ọmọ máa ń ní irun rírọ̀, tí ó jẹ́ dúdú-pupa, wọ́n sì máa ń wọn {{cvt|1.5|kg}}.<ref name="k247">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=247}}</ref> Àrà ọ̀tọ̀ ni pé wọ́n máa ń bí wọn pẹ̀lú ojú tí ó là àti eyín tí ó ti yọ. Àwọn ọmọ máa ń jà pẹ̀lú ara wọn láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bí wọn, èyí tí ó lè fa ikú ọmọ tí kò lágbára.<ref name="mac140"/> Wàrà ikoko ní [[protein|èròjà amúnidàgbà]] àti ọ̀rá tó pọ̀ jùlọ nínú àwọn ẹranko apẹranjẹ orí ilẹ̀.<ref name="m36"/><ref name="mm127">{{Harvnb|Mills|Mills|2011|p=127}}</ref> ===Ìhùwàsí ibùgbé=== [[File:Spotted Hyena and young in Ngorogoro crater.jpg|thumb|upright|Ikoko àti ọmọ méjì nínú ibùgbé wọn, [[Ngorongoro Crater]], [[Tanzania]] ]] Ìgbésí ayé ẹgbẹ́ náà dá lórí ibùgbé àpapọ̀. Àwọn ibùgbé ikoko lè ní ẹnu-ọ̀nà tó ju méjìlá lọ. Wọ́n sábà máa ń lo ihò àwọn ẹranko mìíràn bíi warthogs. ===Ọgbọ́n=== Ikoko fi ọgbọ́n hàn nínú ìhùwàsí àwùjọ wọn. Ìwádìí ti fihàn pé ikoko lè dárà ju [[Common chimpanzee|chimpanzee]] lọ nínú yíyannjú ìṣòro nípa fífowósowọ́pọ̀.<ref name="duke">LiveScience Staff (28 September 2009) [http://www.livescience.com/animals/090928-hyenas-social-tasks.html "Hyenas Surprisingly Good at Cooperative Tasks"]</ref> ===Ìhùwàsí sí másùnmáwo=== Ikoko jẹ́ ẹranko tó dára láti ṣe ìwádìí lórí másùnmáwo nítorí bí wọ́n ṣe máa ń yípadà láti bá àyíká wọn mu.<ref name="Van Meter-2009">{{Cite journal |last1=Van Meter |first1=Page E. |last2=French |first2=Jeffrey A. |last3=Dloniak |first3=Stephanie M. |last4=Watts |first4=Heather E. |last5=Kolowski |first5=Joseph M. |last6=Holekamp |first6=Kay E. |date=ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kejì ọdún 2009 |title=Fecal glucocorticoids reflect socio-ecological and anthropogenic stressors in the lives of wild spotted hyenas |journal=Hormones and Behavior |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=329–337 |doi=10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.11.001 |pmid=19056392 |pmc=2987620 |bibcode=2009HoBeh..55..329V |issn=0018-506X}}</ref> ==Ìbáṣepọ̀ ẹ̀dá àti àyíká== ===Oúnjẹ=== {{main|Feeding behavior of spotted hyenas}} [[File:Spotted hyena with skeleton.jpg|thumb|Ikoko pẹ̀lú egungun wildebeest ní [[Karatu]], [[Arusha]], Tanzania]] Ikoko ni ẹranko tó ń jẹ ẹran jùlọ nínú Hyaenidae.<ref name="e337"/> Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ibatana rẹ̀, ikoko jẹ́ ọdẹ ní pàtàkì; èyí ti hàn láti àwọn ọdún 1960.<ref name="kruuk">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|pp=}}</ref> Ìwádìí láti ọwọ́ Hans Kruuk fihàn pé ikoko ń ṣọdẹ bíi ti kìnìún. [[Wildebeest]] ni ẹranko tí wọ́n sábà máa ń pa jùlọ ní Ngorongoro àti Serengeti, pẹ̀lú [[zebra]].<ref name="k63">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|pp=63–64}}</ref> Ikoko máa ń ṣọdẹ àwọn ẹranko tí ìwọ̀n wọ́n tó {{convert|56|–|182|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name="hayward" /> ===Àwọn ọ̀tá àti abánidíje=== ====Kìnìún==== [[File:A group of four hyenas mobbing a lioness (cropped 1).png|thumb|Àwọn ikoko tí ń kọlù [[lion|kìnìún]] abo]] Níbi tí ikoko àti kìnìún bá ti wà ní agbègbè kan náà, wọ́n máa ń díje pẹ̀lú ara wọn. Àwọn kìnìún sábà máa ń gbójú fo ikoko dá, àyàfi tí wọ́n bá wà lórí ẹran tàbí tí wọ́n bá ń yọ wọ́n lẹ́nu. Àṣìṣe gbogboogbo ni pé ikoko máa ń jí ẹran kìnìún, ṣùgbọ́n lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, kìnìún ló máa ń jí ẹran ikoko.<ref>Carroll, Chris (June 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209165826/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0506/feature3/index.html Behind the snarl lies a cagey opportunist, proficient hunter, and dutiful parent]. ''National Geographic''. Vol. 207 No. 6.</ref> Kìnìún máa ń tẹ̀lé igbe ikoko tí ń jẹun.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|pp=128–137}}</ref> ====Àwọn ológbò mìíràn==== Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé [[cheetah]] àti [[leopard|amọ̀tẹ́kùn]] máa ń ṣọdẹ àwọn ẹranko kékeré, ikoko máa ń jí ẹran wọn nígbà tí wọ́n bá láǹfààní. ====Àwọn ajá==== [[File:Sabi Sand Wild Safari Live Feb 29 2016 sunrise - Spotted hyena vs wild dogs.png|thumb|Ikoko tí ń dojúkọ African wild dogs, [[Sabi Sand Game Reserve]]]] Ikoko máa ń tẹ̀lé àwọn [[African wild dog]] láti gba ẹran wọn. ====Àwọn abánidíje mìíràn==== Ikoko máa ń jẹgaba lórí àwọn ikoko mìíràn níbi tí agbègbè wọn bá ti pàdé. [[Brown hyena]] máa ń pàdé ikoko ní Kalahari. ==Ìbáraẹnisọ̀rọ̀== ===Èdè ara=== [[File:Hyena Standoff.jpg|thumb|left|Àwọn ikoko tí ń bára wọn ja ní Masai Mara]] [[File:Hyena greeting ceremony.jpg|thumb|Àwọn ikoko tí ń kí ara wọn ní [[Kruger National Park]] ]] Ikoko ní àwọn ìdúró ara tó díjú fún ìbáraẹnisọ̀rọ̀. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń bẹ̀rù, wọ́n máa ń ká etí wọn. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń kí ara wọn, àwọn méjèèjí máa ń gbé ẹsẹ̀ ẹ̀yìn wọn sókè.<ref name="m36"/> ===Ìró=== {{blockquote|It is said that feasting Hyaenas engage in violent fights, and there is such a croaking, shrieking and laughing at such times that a superstitious person might really think all the inhabitants of the infernal regions had been let loose.|Alfred Brehm (1895)<ref name="b184">{{Harvnb|Brehm|1895|p=184}}</ref>}} Ikoko ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìró, pẹ̀lú igbe, rírẹ́rìn-ín, àti kíkùn. Igbe ''{{Not a typo|who-oop}}'' àti rírẹ́rìn-ín wà lára àwọn ìró tí a mọ̀ jùlọ ní Áfríkà.<ref name="k220">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=220}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Orúkọ ! Ìró ! Àpèjúwe ìró ! Ìdúró ara ! Àkókò tí wọ́n ń lo |- |'''Igbe (Whoop)''' |[[File:Spotted Hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) (W1CDR0000381 BD12).ogg|Ikoko (Crocuta crocuta) (W1CDR0000381 BD12)]] |Owọ̀ ìpè 6–9 (nígbà mìíràn 15) tí kọ̀ọ̀kan wọn ń gba ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá 2–3, tí àárín wọn sì tó ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá 2–10. Ohùn rẹ̀ sábà máa ń dún bíi "uu" èyí tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìsàlẹ̀ tí ó sì parí pẹ̀lú ohùn òkè. A lè gbọ́ ìró yìí ní ibi tí ó ju 5&nbsp;km lọ. |Wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣe é ní ìdúró, ẹnu yóò sí díẹ̀, wọ́n á sì tẹ orí ba. |Akọ àti abo ló máa ń lo ìró yìí nígbà tí wọ́n bá dá wà tàbí ní ẹgbẹ́, ó sì jọ pé wọ́n máa ń ṣe é láìsí ìdí pàtó kan. |- |'''Igbe kánkán (Fast whoop)''' | |Ó jọ ti igbe (whoop), ṣùgbọ́n ohùn rẹ̀ ròkè sí i, àárín rẹ̀ sì kúrú. |Ìrù dúró tàbí ó wà lókè pẹ̀lú etí tí ó nà. Wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣe é nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń sáré, pẹ̀lú ẹnu tí ó tẹrí ba. |Wọ́n máa ń lò ó nígbà tí àwọn ikoko mìíràn bá wà níbẹ̀ ṣáájú ìkọlù, tàbí nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń jà lórí ẹran pẹ̀lú àwọn kìnìún tàbí ikoko mìíràn. |- |'''Kíkùn (Grunt)''' |[[File:Spotted Hyena Grunting (Crocuta crocuta).ogg]] |Kíkùn kékeré tí ohùn rẹ̀ wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, tí ó máa ń gba ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá mélòó kan. |Ẹnu máa ń wà ní títìpa, pẹ̀lú ìdúró ìbínú tàbí ìkọlù. |Wọ́n máa ń lò ó nígbà tí ikoko tí wọn kò fẹ́ bá súnmọ́ wọn, wọ́n sì lè lé e lọ lẹ́yìn náà. |- |'''Kíkùn gígùn (Groan)''' | |Ó jọ èyí tí a kọ sókè, ṣùgbọ́n ó dún bíi "uuu", ohùn rẹ̀ sì ròkè díẹ̀. | |Ṣáájú àti nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ìkíni. |- |'''Igbe ìsàlẹ̀ (Low)''' | |Ìró "uuu" tí ohùn rẹ̀ wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, tí ó sì ń gba ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá mélòó kan. |Ẹnu máa ń sí díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú orí tí ó wà ní ìpele kan náà. |Bíi ti igbe kánkán (fast whoop), ṣùgbọ́n láìsí èrò láti kọlù. |- |'''Rírẹ́rìn-ín (Giggle)''' |[[File:Giggling call of a spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) - 1472-6785-10-9-S4.oga]] |Owọ̀ ariwo "hii-hii-hii" tí ó ròkè, tí ó sì máa ń gba ohun tí kò tó ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá 5. |Wọ́n máa ń ṣe é nígbà tí wọ́n ń sá pẹ̀lú ẹnu tí ó sí díẹ̀. |Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń lé wọn tàbí kọlù wọ́n, pàápàá lórí ẹran jíjẹ. |- |'''Igbé (Yell)''' | |Igbe tí ó ròkè tí ó sì pariwo, tí ó ń gba ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá mélòó kan. |Bíi ti rírẹ́rìn-ín (giggle). |Bíi ti rírẹ́rìn-ín, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tí wọ́n bá bu wọ́n jẹ gan-an. |- |'''Híhó (Growl)''' | |Ìró kíkùn tí ń mì, tí ohùn rẹ̀ wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, tí ó ní ìró bíi "aa" àti "oo". |Ìdúró ààbò. |Nígbà tí wọ́n bá wà lábẹ́ ìkọlù, kí wọ́n tó bu ènìyàn tàbí ẹranko jẹ fún ẹ̀san. |- |'''Rírẹ́rìn-ín kíkùn kékeré''' | |Kíkùn ní kíákíá tí ohùn rẹ̀ wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, tí ó ń gba ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá mélòó kan. |Ẹnu máa ń wà ní títìpa tàbí kí ó sí díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìdúró sísá, ìrù dúró tàbí ó wà lókè àti etí tí ó nà. |Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń sá ní ìyàlẹ́nu fún kìnìún, ènìyàn, tàbí nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń kọlù ẹran ńlá. |- |'''Rírẹ́rìn-ín kíkùn ńlá''' | |Ó pariwo ju rírẹ́rìn-ín kíkùn kékeré lọ, ṣùgbọ́n kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ pariwo púpọ̀, ó sì sábà máa ń ju ìṣẹ́jú 5 lọ. |Ẹnu rí bákan náà pẹ̀lú ti rírẹ́rìn-ín kíkùn kékeré, ṣùgbọ́n ìrù wà lókè àti etí tí ó nà. |Nígbà tí wọ́n bá pàdé kìnìún tàbí ẹgbẹ́ ikoko mìíràn. |- |'''Kíkánú (Whine)''' | |Igbe "iiii" tí ó ròkè, tí ó sì yára. |Ẹnu máa ń sí díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú orí àti ìrù tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀. |Àwọn ọmọ ló sábà máa ń lò ó nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń tẹ̀lé abo kí wọ́n tó mu ọmú, tàbí nígbà tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ gba oúnjẹ lọ́wọ́ wọn. |- |'''Igbe kékeré (Soft squeal)''' | |Bíi ti òkè, ṣùgbọ́n ó jẹ́ẹ́, kò sì ni ìró kíkánjú. |Ẹnu máa ń sí díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú etí tí ó tẹ́ àti orí tí ó lọ sí ẹ̀gbẹ́ kan, pẹ̀lú eyín tí ó hàn. |Àwọn ọmọ àti àgbà máa ń lò ó nígbà tí wọ́n bá pàdé ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ wọn lẹ́yìn ìgbà pípẹ́. |} ==Àwọn àrùn àti kòkòrò== Ikoko lè ní [[brucellosis]], [[rinderpest]] àti [[anaplasmosis]]. Wọ́n lè gba ''[[Trypanosoma congolense]]'' nípasẹ̀ jíjẹ àwọn ẹranko tí ó ti ní i.<ref name="k38">{{Harvnb|Kruuk|1972|p=38}}</ref> ==Agbègbè, ibùgbé àti iye== Agbègbè tí ikoko wà tẹ́lẹ̀ kárí [[Europe]] láti [[Iberian Peninsula]] sí [[Urals]].<ref name="varela"/> Wọ́n tún ti rí àwọn egungun wọn ní [[Russian Far East]]. Nígbà [[Last Glacial Maximum]], ikoko tún wà ní [[Southeast Asia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bacon |first1=Anne-Marie |last2=Duringer |first2=Philippe |last3=Westaway |first3=Kira |last4=Joannes-Boyau |first4=Renaud |last5=Zhao |first5=Jian-xin |last6=Bourgon |first6=Nicolas |last7=Dufour |first7=Elise |last8=Pheng |first8=Sytha |last9=Tep |first9=Sokha |last10=Ponche |first10=Jean-Luc |last11=Barnes |first11=Lani |last12=Blin |first12=Amandine |last13=Patole-Edoumba |first13=Elise |last14=Demeter |first14=Fabrice |date=ọjọ́ kẹdogun oṣù kìíní ọdún 2018 |title=Testing the savannah corridor hypothesis during MIS2: The Boh Dambang hyena site in southern Cambodia |journal=[[Quaternary International]] |language=en |volume=464 |pages=417–439 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2017.10.047 |bibcode=2018QuInt.464..417B |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ní ìtàn, ikoko wọ́pọ̀ ní [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]. Wọ́n wà ní gbogbo ibùgbé yàtọ̀ sí àwọn agbègbè aṣálẹ̀ tí ó le jù àti igbó kìjikìji. ==Ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ènìyàn== ===Bí a ṣe fihàn nínú àṣà=== {{main|Cultural depictions of spotted hyenas}} [[File:Masque hyène Bwa-Musée barrois (3).jpg|thumb|upright|Ibojú ikoko láti [[Burkina Faso]], Musée barrois]] Ní Áfríkà, wọ́n sábà máa ń fi ikoko hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹranko àjèjì, alákọ̀kọ̀kọ̀, oníwọ̀ra, tí ó ń jẹ òkú, tí ó sì léwu. Nínú awo Gẹ̀lẹ̀dẹ́ ti àwọn [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] ní Benin àti Gúúsù-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Nàìjíríà, wọ́n máa ń lo ibojú ikoko ní ìdájí láti fi òpin ayẹyẹ {{Lang|yo|èfè}} hàn. Níwọ̀n bí ikoko ti máa ń parí oúnjẹ àwọn ẹranko mìíràn, wọ́n so ẹranko náà pọ̀ mọ́ òpin ohun gbogbo. {{quote box|align=right|quote=As several distinguished authors of the present age have undertaken to reconcile the world to the Great Man-Killer of Modern times; as [[Aaron Burr]] has found an apologist, and almost a eulogist; and as learned commentators have recently discovered that even [[Judas Iscariot]] was a true [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]], we are rather surprised to find that someone has not undertaken to render the family of Hyenas popular and amiable in the eyes of mankind. Certain it is, that few marked characters in history have suffered more from the malign inventions of prejudice<ref name="goodrich">Goodrich, S.G. and Winchell, A., ''Johnson's Natural History'' (New York: A.J. Johnson & Company, 1885), p. 248.</ref>|width=240px}} ===Pípa ẹran ọ̀sìn jẹ=== Nígbà tí wọ́n bá kọlù ẹran ọ̀sìn, ikoko sábà máa ń pa màlúù, àgùntàn àti ewúrẹ́.<ref name="m34"/> Ní àwọn apá kan ní [[Tigray Region]] ti [[Ethiopia]], wọ́n máa ń fẹ́ràn láti pa [[donkey|kẹ́tẹ́kẹ́tẹ́]].<ref name="yirga">{{cite journal | author1 = Yirga, Giday | author2 = Bauer, Hans | url = http://www.nieindia.org/ijees/PDF/36-67.pdf | title = Livestock Depredation of the Spotted Hyena (''Crocuta crocuta'') in Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia | journal = International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 67–73 | year = 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121216135409/http://www.nieindia.org/ijees/PDF/36-67.pdf | archive-date = ọjọ́ kẹrindinlogun oṣù kejìlá ọdún 2012 | access-date = 3 February 2026 | archivedate = 16 December 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121216135409/http://www.nieindia.org/ijees/PDF/36-67.pdf | deadurl = yes }}</ref> ===Ìkọlù sí ènìyàn àti ìbàjẹ́ ibojì=== Ikoko sábà máa ń sá fún ènìyàn. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ikoko tí ń jẹ ènìyàn máa ń tóbi; àwọn ikoko méjì kan tí wọ́n jẹ ènìyàn, tí wọ́n pa ènìyàn 27 ní Mlanje, [[Malawi]], ní ọdún 1962, wọn {{convert|72|àti|77|kg}} lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n pa wọ́n.<ref name="maneat">Kruuk, Hans (2002) ''Hunter and hunted: relationships between carnivores and people'' Cambridge University Press, pp. 64–65, {{ISBN|0-521-89109-4}}</ref> Àwọn tí wọ́n sábà máa ń kọlù ni àwọn obìnrin, ọmọdé àti àwọn aláìsàn.<ref name="roosevelt"/> Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkọlù sí ènìyàn alààyè kò wọ́pọ̀, ikoko máa ń jẹ òkú ènìyàn. Ní àṣà àwọn [[Maasai people|Maasai]]<ref name="m97"/> àti [[Hadza people|Hadza]],<ref>Marlowe, Frank (2010), ''The Hadza: hunter-gatherers of Tanzania'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-25342-6}}</ref> wọ́n máa ń fi òkú sílẹ̀ ní gbangba fún ikoko láti jẹ. ===Ikoko inú ìlú=== Ní àwọn apá kan ní Áfríkà, ikoko ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ àwọn ìlú ńlá. Olú-ìlú Ethiopia, [[Addis Ababa]], ni wọ́n fojú díwọ̀n pé ó ní ikoko tó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún kan tí wọ́n ń gbé ibẹ̀, tí wọ́n ń jẹ àwọn ìdọ̀tí àti àwọn ajá àti ológbò tí kò ní ilé. Ní ọdún 2013, ikoko pa ọmọkùnrin kékeré kan.<ref>{{cite news |title=The urban hyenas that attack rough sleepers |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26294631|newspaper=BBC website|first=Martin |last=Fletcher|date=ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kejì ọdún 2014 |access-date=ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kejì ọdún 2014}}</ref> ===Ọdẹ àti lílò fún oògùn ìbílẹ̀=== [[File:Crocuta vs masai.png|thumb|left|Ikoko tí àwọn jagunjagun [[Maasai people|Maasai]] kọlù]] [[File:Crocuta crocuta Lukenia Heights 1906.png|thumb|upright|Ikoko tí [[Abel Chapman]] yìnbọn pa ní Lukenia Heights, ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kìíní ọdún 1906]] Wọ́n ti ṣe ọdẹ ikoko fún àwọn ẹ̀yà ara rẹ̀ láti lò fún [[traditional medicine|oògùn ìbílẹ̀]],<ref name="m74">{{Harvnb|Mills|Hofer|1998|p=74}}</ref> fún eré,<ref name="glickman"/> àti fún ere-idaraya, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èyí kò wọ́pọ̀. ===Ikoko ní ìgbèkùn àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀sìn=== [[File:Kevin Richardson with hyenas.jpg|thumb|Onímọ̀ nípa ẹranko South Africa [[Kevin Richardson (zoologist)|Kevin Richardson]] pẹ̀lú àwọn ikoko tí ó wà ní ìgbèkùn]] [[File:Gadawan Kura.jpg|thumb|Ikoko tí a kọ́ fún eré ní [[Nigeria]]]] Láti ojú ìwòye [[husbandry]], ikoko rọrùn láti tọ́jú, nítorí wọn kì í fi bẹ́ẹ̀ ní àrùn, ó sì wọ́pọ̀ fún àwọn ikoko tí ó wà ní ìgbèkùn láti lo ọdún 15–20. ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí== ===Àwọn àkọsílẹ̀=== {{reflist}} ===Ìwé ìtọ́kasí=== * {{Cite book|last=Brehm|first=Alfred Edmund|url=https://archive.org/details/brehmslifeofanim00breh|title=Brehm's Life of Animals|publisher=Chicago: A. N. Marquis & Company|year=1895}} * {{Cite book|last=Estes|first=Richard|title=The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates|publisher=University of California Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-520-08085-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0520080858}} * {{Cite book|last=Estes|first=Richard|title=The safari companion: a guide to watching African mammals, including hoofed mammals, carnivores, and primates|publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing|year=1998|isbn=978-1-890132-44-6|url=https://archive.org/details/safaricompaniong00este_0}} * {{Cite book|last=Funk|first=Holger|title=Hyaena: On the Naming and Localisation of an Enigmatic Animal|publisher=GRIN Verlag|year=2010|isbn=978-3-640-69784-7}} * {{Cite book|last=Kingdon|first=Jonathan|title=East African mammals: an atlas of evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part 1|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0-226-43721-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Kruuk |first=Hans |title=The Spotted Hyena: A Study of Predation and Social Behaviour |publisher=University of California Press |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-226-45508-2 |pages=310–311}} * {{Cite book |last=Kurtén|first=Björn|title=Pleistocene mammals of Europe |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson|year=1968}} * {{Cite book |last=Lydekker|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/gameanimalsofafr00lydeiala|title=The Game Animals of Africa|publisher=London, R. Ward, limited|year=1908}} * {{Cite book|last=Macdonald|first=David|title=The Velvet Claw: A Natural History of the Carnivores|publisher=New York: Parkwest|year=1992|isbn=978-0-563-20844-0|url=https://archive.org/details/velvetclawnatura00macd}} * {{Cite book|last1=Mills|first1=Gus|last2=Hofer|first2=Heribert|title=Hyaenas: status survey and conservation action plan|publisher=IUCN/SSC Hyena Specialist Group|url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/1998-013.pdf|year=1998|isbn=978-2-8317-0442-5|access-date=ọjọ́ kẹrinlelogun oṣù kejìlá ọdún 2011|archive-date=ọjọ́ kẹfa oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506084714/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/1998-013.pdf|archivedate=6 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506084714/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/1998-013.pdf}} * {{Cite book|last1=Mills|first1=Gus|last2=Mills|first2=Margie|title=Hyena Nights & Kalahari Days|publisher=Jacana Media|year=2011|isbn=978-1-77009-811-4}} * {{Cite book|last=Roosevelt|first=Theodore|url=https://archive.org/details/africangametrail01roos|title=African Game Trails: An Account of the African Wanderings of an American Hunter, Naturalist|publisher=New York, C. Scribner's sons|year=1910|isbn=978-1-4510-0191-4}} * {{Cite book|last=Rosevear|first=Donovan Reginald|url=https://archive.org/details/carnivoresofwest00rose|title=The carnivores of West Africa |publisher=London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History)|year=1974|isbn=978-0-565-00723-2}} * {{Cite book|last=Schaller|first=George B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ann2dYn9iYC&pg=PA377 |publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-226-73640-2|title=The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations}} * {{Cite book |last=Stevenson-Hamilton|first=James|url=https://archive.org/details/animallifeinafri01steviala|title=Animal life in Africa, Vol. 1|publisher=London : William Heinemann|year=1917}} ==Àwọn àkàwé síwájú sí i== *Hugo Van Lawick and Jane Goodall. ''Innocent Killers''. Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, 1971 *Mills, M.G.L. ''Kalahari Hyenas: Comparative Behavioral Ecology of Two Species''. The Blackburn Press, 2003 ==Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ìta== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611035052/http://www.hyaenidae.org/the-hyaenidae/spotted-hyena-crocuta-crocuta.html The IUCN Hyaenidae Specialist Group page on spotted hyena] * Davis, Delbert Dwight & Story, Harriette Elizabeth (1949), ''[https://archive.org/stream/femaleexternalge3133davi#page/n5/mode/2up The Female External Genitalia of the Spotted Hyena]'', Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 33, Chicago Natural History Museum * McPherson, Jamie [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027025919/http://www.suzieszterhas.com/a/pdf/BBC_WL_SUM08_HYENA_final.pdf The Good, the Bad and the Hyena], ''BBC Wildlife'', Summer 2008. * [http://www.check123.com/videos/900-spotted-hyena-female-genitalia?source=carousel Spotted Hyena - Female Genitalia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014307/http://www.check123.com/videos/900-spotted-hyena-female-genitalia?source=carousel |date=ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kìíní ọdún 2021 }}, Check123 Video Encyclopedia {{Carnivora|F.}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q178089}} {{Authority control}} {{Good article}} [[Category:Hyenas]] [[Category:Carnivorans of Africa]] [[Category:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa]] [[Category:Mammals described in 1777]] [[Category:Extant Pleistocene first appearances]] [[Category:Apex predators]] [[Category:Necrophages]] ekv535or69ic9u9kf6cg2tz46q26p5v Cudjoe Lewis 0 79476 632065 615107 2026-08-19T16:54:33Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Cudjoe Lewis|image=Cudjoe Lewis photo (cropped).jpg|alt=|caption=Lewis {{circa|1914}}|birth_name=Oluale Kossola|birth_date=c. 1841|birth_place=[[Bantè]], current-day [[Benin]]|death_date=July 17, 1935 (aged 94/95)|death_place=[[Africatown]], Mobile, Alabama, US|nationality=|other_names=|occupation=Farmer, laborer, church sexton|years_active=|known_for=survivor of the [[Atlantic slave trade]] between Africa and the Americas|notable_works=}} '''Cudjoe Kazoola Lewis''' ( {{Circa|1841}} – 17 Ọṣù Keje, ọdún 1935), tí orúkọ ìbí rẹ jẹ́, '''Oluale Kossola''', <ref name="Diouf-EoA">{{Cite web|archivedate=9 June 2020}}</ref> tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Cudjo Lewis''', ni ẹni kẹta sí ẹni tó gbẹ̀yìn lára àwọn tó mórí bọ́ nínú [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ẹrú ní Atlantic]] láàárín Áfíríkà àti Amẹ́ríkà. {{Efn|[[Redoshi]], another captive on the ''Clotilda'', was sold to a planter in [[Dallas County, Alabama]], where she became known also as Sally Smith. She married, had a daughter, and lived to 1937 in Bogue Chitto. She is considered the last survivor of the ''Clotilda''.<ref name="Durkin-2019"/>}} Pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà márùndínlọ́gọ́fà (115) mìíràn tí wọ́n kó lẹ́rú, wọ́n mú un wọn wá sí ilé Amẹ́ríkà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''Clotilda'' ní ọdún 1860. {{Sfn|Roche|1914}} Wọ́n gbé àwọn tí wọ́n kó lẹ́rú náà pamo sí ẹ̀yìn odò Mobile nítòsí Mobile, Alabama, kúrò lọ́wọ́ àwọn aláṣẹ. Wọ́n yọ́ ọkọ ojú omi na ni Ẹka Ẹka kí wọ́n má baà rí I, ti wọn o kò sì rí i títí di oṣù Karùnún ọdún 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/clotilda-the-last-american-slave-ship-found-in-alabama|access-date=May 23, 2019|title=Last American slave ship is discovered in Alabama|last=JOEL K. BOURNE, JR.|date=May 22, 2019|archivedate=February 20, 2021}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Ogun Abẹ́lé àti ìdásílẹ̀, Lewis àti àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ''Clotilda'' mìíràn gba òmìnira. Ọ̀pọ̀ lára wọn dá àwùjọ kan sílẹ̀ ní Magazine Point, ní àríwá Mobile, Alabama. Àwọn mìíràn tí a bí ní Áfíríkà dara pọ̀ mọ́ wọn níbẹ̀. Ní agbègbè tí a padà mo sìAfricatown, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ agbègbè ìtàn ti wọn padà ká mọn àwùjọ Àkọọ́lẹ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè ti Àwọn Ibi Ìtàn ní ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-africatown-20150606-story.html|title=American slaves' origins live on in Alabama's Africatown|last=Teague|first=Matthew|date=June 6, 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=May 27, 2016|archivedate=May 25, 2016}}</ref> Nígbà tí ó darúgbó, Kossola pa àwọn ìrírí àwọn tí wọ́n kó ní ''Clotilda'' mọ́ nípa pípèsè ìtàn ẹgbẹ́ náà fún àwọn àlejò, títí bí ayàwòrán àti òǹkọ̀wé Mobile Emma Langdon Roche àti òǹkọ̀wé àti onímọ̀ ìtàn [[Zora Neale Hurston]] . Ó wà láàyè títí di ọdún 1935, wọ́n sì ti rò pé òun ni ẹni tó gbẹ̀yìn nínú ''Clotilda'', títí di ìgbà tí òpìtàn Hannah Durkin fi mọ àwọn méjì tí wọ́n kú ''Clotilda'' pẹ́, tí wọ́n sì rìnrìn àjò náà nígbà tí wọ́n wà ní ọmọdé: Redoshi, tí ó kú ní ọdún 1937, àti Matilda McCrear, tí ó kú ní ọdún 1940. <ref name="Durkin-2019">{{Cite journal|last=Durkin|first=Hannah|title=Finding last middle passage survivor Sally 'Redoshi' Smith on the page and screen|journal=Slavery & Abolition|date=2019|volume=40|issue=4|pages=631–658|doi=10.1080/0144039X.2019.1596397}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Durkin|first=Hannah|date=2020-03-19|title=Uncovering The Hidden Lives of Last Clotilda Survivor Matilda McCrear and Her Family|journal=Slavery & Abolition|volume=41|issue=3|pages=431–457|doi=10.1080/0144039X.2020.1741833}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé àti ìfipámúnisìn == [[Fáìlì:Map_of_Cudjo_Lewis'_Capture_in_Africa.jpg|thumb|Máàpù tí Lewis yà láti fi ṣe àpèjúwe bí wọ́n ṣe mú un]] Wọ́n bí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Kossola'' tàbí ''Oluale Kossola'' (àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà ṣe ògbùfọ̀ orúkọ rẹ̀ sí "Kazoola"), ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1841 ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|p=40}} Nígbà tí ó ń ṣe àyẹ̀wò àwọn orúkọ àti àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ mìíràn tí a fi fún àwọn olùdásílẹ̀ Africatown, òpìtàn Sylviane Diouf ti parí èrò sí pé òun àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn ti agbègbè Africatown jẹ́ ti àwọn ará [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] láti agbègbè Banté ti [[Benin]] . Bàbá Lewis ni Oluwale (tàbí Oluale) àti ìyá rẹ̀ Fondlolu; ó ní àwọn arákùnrin márùn-ún àti àwọn ọmọ ìyá méjìlá láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ìyàwó bàbá rẹ̀ méjì mìíràn. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007}} Àwọn olùfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò Emma Langdon Roche àti [[Zora Neale Hurston]], àti àwọn tó lo iṣẹ́ wọn, pe Lewis àti àwọn tí wọ́n kó lẹ́rú pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ ní "Tarkars," ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìròyìn rẹ̀. Diouf gbàgbọ́ pé ọ̀rọ̀ náà "Tarkar" lè jẹ́ láti inú àìlóye orúkọ ọba àdúgbò wọn, tàbí orúkọ abúlé wọn. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007}} Ní oṣù kẹrin tàbí oṣù karùn-ún nínú ọdún 1860, wọ́n kọlu abúlé rẹ̀, ti àwọn obìnrin jagunjagun tí Ọba Glele ni [[Ìjọba Dahomey|Dahomey]] ṣe olórí fún ko Lewis lẹ́rú, nígbà tí wọ́n ń kó àwọn ẹrú ní àkókò ògbelè ọdọọdún. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007}} <ref>{{Cite book|title=Africa's Ogun: Old World and New|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, IN}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹlẹ́wọ̀n mìíràn, wọ́n mú un lọ sí èbúté ẹrú [[Ouidah]], wọ́n sì tà á fún Captain William Foster ti ''Clotilda'', ọkọ̀ ojú omi Amẹ́ríkà kan tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ kọ́ ní Mobile, Alabama, tí oníṣòwò Timothy Meaher sì ní. Gbígbé àwọn ẹrú wọ Amẹ́ríkà jẹ́ ohun tó lódì si òfin láti ọdún 1808, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ṣì ń kó àwọn ẹrú wọlé láti orílẹ̀-èdè Sípéènì Cuba . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=May 28, 2016}}</ref> Àwọn ìròyìn kan sọ pé Meaher ní èrò láti rú òfin pátápátá, àti pé ó ti tà tété pẹ̀lú oníṣòwò kan pèlú owó tó tó $1,000 pé òun lè dógbón fi ọ̀nà eburu dabaru ìfòfindè tí wọ́n fi kan ìṣòwò [[Atlantic slave trade|ẹrú ní Atlantic]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/barracoon-cudjo-lewis-zora-neale-hurston-last-slave-ship-survivor-book-life-story-published-a8335776.html|title=Descendant of last survivor of final slave ship to travel from Africa to US tells of pride as forefather's story is published – 87 years after it was written|date=May 4, 2018|first=Adam|last=Lusher|access-date=May 21, 2018|archivedate=May 22, 2018}}</ref> Nínú ọ̀rọ̀ mìíràn tí ó fi ara pe, àwọn tó ni ''Wanderer ,'' tí wọ́n ti mú àwọn ẹrú wá sí Georgia ní ọdún 1858, ni wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ifayawo kàn, wọ́n sì fi ẹjọ́ wọn jẹ [[Ìjalèlókun|ẹ́]] nílé ẹjọ́ àpapọ̀ Amẹ́ríkà ní Savannah ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1860, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn adájọ́ dá wọn lẹ́bi. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=August 22, 2016}}</ref> Nígbà tí ''Clotilda'' dé etíkun Mississippi ní oṣù Keje ọdún 1860, wọ́n ti kìlọ̀ fún ìjọba àpapọ̀ Amẹ́ríkà nípa àwọn ìgbòkègbodò wọn, wọ́n sì mú Timothy Meaher, àbúrò rẹ̀ Burns, àti alábàáṣiṣẹ́pọ̀ wọn John Dabney, wọ́n sì fi ẹ̀sùn kàn wọ́n pé wọ́n ní àwọn tí wọ́n kó lẹ́rú lọ́nà àìtọ́. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó oṣù márùn-ún láàárín ìparí oṣù Keje ọdún 1860, nígbà tí wọ́n gbé ìpè àti ìwé àṣẹ ìgbèjà kalẹ̀ lórí Meahers àti Dabney, àti láàárín oṣù Kejìlá nígbà tí wọ́n gbà wọ́n ni alejo Ní nkan bi àárín oṣù Kejìlá, wọ́n tú àwọn tí wọ́n kó lẹ́rú ká, wọ́n sì fi pamọ́, láìsí ìfarahàn wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀rí, wọ́n dá ẹjọ́ náà dúró ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1861. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=March 14, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> Títí di òpin [[Ogun Abẹ́lé Amẹ́ríkà|Ogun Abẹ́lé]] (1861–65), Lewis àti àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ gbé ''gẹ́gẹ́'' bí ẹrú Meaher, àwọn arákùnrin rẹ̀, tàbí àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Dreams of Africa, ''chapter 4''.|last=Diouf}}</ref> James Meaher ni ó rà Lewis, ẹni tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùtọ́jú ọkọ̀ ojú omi ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007}} Ní àkókò yìí, a mọ̀ ọ́n sí "Cudjo Lewis." Ó ṣàlàyé lẹ́yìn náà pé ó dábàá "Cudjo," orúkọ ọjọ́ kan tí a sábà máa ń fún àwọn ọmọkùnrin tí a bí ní ọjọ́ Ajé, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí orúkọ tí a fún un nígbà tí James Meaher ní ìṣòro láti pe "Kossola." {{Sfn|Diouf|2007}} Orúkọ náà "Cudjo" dún bíi "Kodjoe", orúkọ tó gbajúmọ̀ ní [[Gánà|Ghana]], níbi tí wọ́n ti ń fún àwọn tí wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ Ajé. Cudjoe tàbí Kudzo ni orúkọ mìíràn yàtọ̀ sí Kodzo, tí wọ́n ń fún àwọn ọmọkùnrin láàárín àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń sọ èdè "Gbe" tí ó tàn kálẹ̀ láti gúúsù ìlà oòrùn Ghana sí gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Àwọn tó mú un ni Fon, ẹ̀ka kan lára àwọn èdè náà. Òpìtàn Diouf sọ pé orúkọ ìdílé "Lewis" jẹ́ ìbàjẹ́ orúkọ baba rẹ̀ Oluale, tó ń sọ ohùn "lu"; ní ìlú ìbílẹ̀ rẹ̀, orúkọ tó sún mọ́ ohun tí àwọn tó ń sọ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Amẹ́ríkà mọ̀ sí orúkọ ìdílé ni orúkọ ìdílé . {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|pp=92, 134}} == Ìgbésí ayé ní Africatown == === Ìdásílẹ̀ Africatown === [[Fáìlì:Cudjoe_Abache.jpg|thumb|Lewis àti àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó la ''Clotilda'' já, Abaché (Clara Turner) {{Circa|1914}} Nígbà náà, àwọn mẹ́jọ tó kù nínú ẹgbẹ́ ''Clotilda'' ló wà níbẹ̀.]] Nígbà tí wọ́n wà ní oko ẹrú, Lewis àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹrú ''Clotilda'' mìíràn wà ní agbègbè kan ní àríwá Mobile tí a mọ̀ sí Magazine Point, Plateau, tàbí "Hammock Meaher," níbi tí àwọn Meahers ti ní ilé ìtajà àti ibi ìwakọ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìrìn-àjò {{Convert|3|mi|km|0}} péré ni ó wà láàrin rẹ si ìlú Mobile, ṣùgbọ́n ó ya sọ́tọ̀, ilẹ̀ àti igbó yà sọ́tọ̀ kúrò ní ìlú náà, omi nìkan ló sì lè wọ̀ ọ́. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti fòpin sí ìrúfin àti òpin Ogun Abẹ́lé, àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ẹrú, ''Clotilda'' gbìyànjú láti kó owó jọ láti padà sí ìlú wọn. Àwọn ọkùnrin náà ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní ilé iṣẹ́ igi, àwọn obìnrin sì ń kó èso jọ, wọ́n sì ń tà wọ́n, ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò lè rí owó tó. {{Sfn|Roche|1914|pp=114–115}} Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n mọ̀ pé wọn kò ní lè padà sí Áfíríkà, ẹgbẹ́ náà yan Lewis láti béèrè fún ilẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ Timothy Meaher. Nígbà tí ó kọ̀, àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ àwùjọ náà tẹ̀síwájú láti kó owó jọ, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ra ilẹ̀ ní àyíká Magazine Point. {{Sfn|Roche|1914|pp=116–117}} Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án, ọdún 1872, Lewis ra ilẹ̀ tó tó {{Convert|2|acre|ha|1}} ní agbègbè Plateau fún $100.00 (~$ 2,688 ní 2025 ). {{Sfn|Diouf|2007}} Wọ́n dá Africatown sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwùjọ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú tí wọ́n ní òmìnira, tí wọ́n sì ń gbé ara wọn ga. Ẹgbẹ́ náà yan àwọn olórí láti fi àwọn ìlànà ìbílẹ̀ tí wọ́n ti inú ìdílé wọn ní Áfíríkà múlẹ̀. Wọ́n tún dá àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì, ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, àti ibi ìsìnkú. Diouf ṣàlàyé pé Africatown yàtọ̀ nítorí pé ó jẹ́ “ìlú dúdú,” tí àwọn ènìyàn ìran Áfíríkà nìkan ń gbé, àti agbègbè àwọn ènìyàn tí a bí ní orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn. Ó kọ̀wé pé, “Àwọn ìlú dúdú jẹ́ ibi ààbò kúrò lọ́wọ́ ẹ̀tanú, ṣùgbọ́n African Town jẹ́ ibi ààbò kúrò lọ́wọ́ àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà.” {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|pp=157, 184}} === Ètò ìgbéyàwó àti ìgbé ayé ẹbí àti ará === Ní àárín ọdún 1860, Lewis dá àjọṣepọ̀ olofin òfin pẹ̀lú ẹlòmíràn tó mú orí bọ́ ''nínú ìjẹ ẹrú Clotilda'', Abile (tí wọ́n pè ní "Celia" ní Amẹ́ríkà). Wọ́n ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọjọ́ karùndínlógún oṣù kẹta, ọdún 1880, pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn tọkọtaya mìíràn láti Africatown. Wọ́n wà papọ̀ títí di ìgbà ikú Abile ní ọdún 1905. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|pp=136, 180, 217}} Wọ́n ní ọmọ mẹ́fà, ọmọkùnrin márùn-ún àti ọmọbìnrin kan, wọ́n sì fún ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan wọn ní orúkọ ará Áfíríkà àti orúkọ ará Amẹ́ríkà. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/barracoon-cudjo-lewis-zora-neale-hurston-last-slave-ship-survivor-book-life-story-published-a8335776.html|title=Descendant of last survivor of final slave ship to travel from Africa to US tells of pride as forefather's story is published – 87 years after it was written|date=May 4, 2018|work=The Independent|first=Adam|last=Lusher|access-date=May 21, 2018|language=en-GB|archivedate=May 22, 2018}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLusher2018">Lusher, Adam (May 4, 2018). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/barracoon-cudjo-lewis-zora-neale-hurston-last-slave-ship-survivor-book-life-story-published-a8335776.html "Descendant of last survivor of final slave ship to travel from Africa to US tells of pride as forefather's story is published – 87 years after it was written"]. ''The Independent''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180522052918/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/barracoon-cudjo-lewis-zora-neale-hurston-last-slave-ship-survivor-book-life-story-published-a8335776.html Archived] from the original on May 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Ọmọkùnrin wọn àkọ́bí, Aleck (tàbí Elick) Ìyàjemí (èyí tí a túmọ̀ láti inú [[Èdè Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] tí ó túmọ̀ sí "Mo jìyà"), di oníṣòwò oúnjẹ; ó mú ìyàwó rẹ̀ lọ sí ilé kan ní ilẹ̀ baba rẹ̀. Diouf ṣàpèjúwe ètò yìí gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ilé ìdílé" ti [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] . Ọmọkùnrin mìíràn, Cudjoe Feïchtan, ni igbákejì ọlọ́lá aláwọ̀ dúdú kan yìnbọn pa ní ọdún 1902. <ref name=":0" /> Lewis pé láyé ju ìyàwó rẹ̀ àti gbogbo àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ lọ. Ó jẹ́ kí ìyàwó ọmọ rẹ̀ Mary Wood Lewis, àwọn ọmọ-ọmọ rẹ̀ àti nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yín ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì Joe Lewis (tí kò ní ìbátan) dúró sí ilé wọn ní ilé náà. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007}} Lewis ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àgbẹ̀ àti òṣìṣẹ́ títí di ọdún 1902, nígbà tí ọkọ̀ rẹ̀ bàjẹ́, ó sì farapa nínú ìjàmbá pẹ̀lú ọkọ̀ ojú irin ní Mobile. Látàrí pé kò lè ṣiṣẹ́ níbi iṣẹ́ líle koko mo, àwùjọ náà yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ìjọ n'ilu ilé ìjọsìn kan. Ní ọdún 1903, orúkọ ilé ìjọsìn òun di Ìjọ Union Missionary Baptist. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|p=214}} === Ìkópa nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ Amẹrika === Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà tí wọ́n ti di ẹrú tẹ́lẹ̀ di ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n gba Àtúnṣe Kẹrìnlá sí Ìwé Òfin Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní oṣù Keje ọdún 1868, àyípadà ipò yìí kò kan àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ''Clotilda'', tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ àjèjì. Cudjo Kazoola Lewis di ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kẹwàá, ọdún 1868. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|p=165}} Lewis lo eto ofin Amerika ni odun 1902 leyin ti o farapa ninu ijamba oko oju irin. Nigbati Louisville ati Nashville Railroad ko lati san owo isanpada, o gba agbẹjọro kan, o fi ẹ̀sùn kan oko oju irin naa, o si gba owo idalare pataki ti o jẹ $650.00. A fagilee owo idalare naa nígbà tí wọ́n pè ẹjọ kòtémilórun {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|pp=211–214}} == Ipa gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀wé ìtàn àti òpìtàn == Ní ìdá mẹ́rin àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún ogún, Lewis bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùfitónilétí fún àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé àti àwọn òǹkọ̀wé mìíràn, ó ń pín ìtàn àwọn ará ''Clotilda'', àti àwọn ìtàn àtijọ́ àti ìtàn àtọwọ́dọ́wọ́. Emma Langdon Roche, òǹkọ̀wé àti ayàwòrán tí ó wà ní Mobile, fọ̀rọ̀ wá Lewis àti àwọn tí ó mori bọ́ nínú ìwé rẹ̀ ti ọdún 1914 '', Historic Sketches of the South.'' Ó ṣàlàyé ìgbà tí wọ́n mú wọn ní Áfíríkà, ìfiniṣẹrú, àti ìgbésí ayé wọn ní Africatown. Wọ́n bẹ̀ ẹ́ pé kí ó lo orúkọ wọn ní Áfíríkà nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú ìrètí pé ó lè dé ìlú ìbílẹ̀ wọn “níbi tí àwọn kan lè rántí wọn.” {{Sfn|Roche|1914|pp=120–121}} Ní ọdún 1925, wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé Lewis ni ọmọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà tó gbẹ̀yìn tó mórí bọ́ nínú aájò ''Clotilda'' ; olùkọ́ àti onímọ̀ ìtàn àròsọ Arthur Huff Fauset ti Philadelphia ló fọ̀rọ̀ wá a lẹ́nu wò. Ní ọdún 1927, Fauset tẹ ìtàn ẹranko méjì ti Lewis jáde, "Olùdarí àti ọ̀bẹ T'appin " àti "Ojú Billy Goat ṣe ẹlẹ́yà T'appin," àti "Ìdẹ Lion," ìtàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ nípa ọdẹ ní Áfíríkà, nínú ''ìwé ìròyìn àròsọ ti Amẹ́ríkà.'' <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fauset|first1=Arthur Huff|title=Negro Folk Tales from the South. (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-folklore_july-september-1927_40_157/page/213|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|date=1927|volume=40|issue=157|pages=213–303|doi=10.2307/534988|jstor=534988}}</ref> [[Fáìlì:Detail_of_Cudjoe_Lewis_marker.jpg|thumb|Àmì ìrántí Lewis ní Plateau Cemetery, Africatown]] Ní ọdún 1927, [[Zora Neale Hurston]], akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó ti gboyè jáde nínú ìmọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá ènìyàn, tó sì di onímọ̀ ìtàn àròsọ, fọ̀rọ̀ wá Lewis lẹ́nu wò. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé e, ó tẹ àpilẹ̀kọ kan jáde, "Ìtàn Cudjoe's Own of the Last African Slaver" (1928). Gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ̀wé ìtàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀, Robert E. Hemenway, ṣe sọ, iṣẹ́ yìí ti yọ àwọn iṣẹ́ Emma Roche kúrò, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography|location=Urbana and Chicago, IL|url=https://archive.org/details/zoranealehurston00robe/page/96}}</ref> bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Hurston fi kún ìwífún nípa ìgbésí ayé ojoojúmọ́ ní abúlé Banté ti Lewis. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=1927|title=Cudjoe's Own Story of the Last African Slaver}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1928, Hurston padà dé pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun èlò míràn; ó ṣe ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò síi pẹ̀lú Kossula, ó ya fọ́tò, ó sì gba ohun tí a rò pé ó jẹ́ fíìmù kan ṣoṣo tí a mọ̀ nípa ọmọ Áfíríkà kan tí wọ́n ti fi ṣòwò ẹrú lọ sí Amẹ́ríkà (bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ti ya fíìmù kan nípa enikan tí ó mú orí bọ́ nínú aájò ''Clotilda'', tí ó pè láyé ju òun lọ, pẹ̀lú ). Nípasẹ̀ ohun èlò yìí, ó kọ ìwé àfọwọ́kọ kan, ''Barracoon,'' èyí tí Hemenway ṣàpèjúwe gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ìtàn onígbàlódé, tí ó ní ìtàn àròsọ díẹ̀ tí a ṣe fún àwọn gbajúmò òǹkàwé” {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|p=225}} Lẹ́yìn ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò yìí, olùtọ́jú ìwé Hurston, olùrànlọ́wọ́ Charlotte Osgood Mason, gbọ́ nípa Lewis, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fi owó ránṣẹ́ sí i fún ìtìlẹ́yìn rẹ̀. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|p=225}} Àwọn oníròyìn fún àwọn ìtẹ̀jáde ìbílẹ̀ àti ti orílẹ̀-èdè tún fọ̀rọ̀ wá Lewis lẹ́nu wò. {{Sfn|Diouf|2007|p=226}} Ìwé Hurston tí a pè ní ''Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"'' kò tíì jáde títí di ọdún 2018, nínú àtúnse tí a kọ orúkọ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀. <ref name="History">{{Cite web|archivedate=May 4, 2018}}</ref> == Òun ìrántí == Cudjo Lewis kú ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1935, wọ́n sì sin ín sí ibi ìsìnkú Plateau ní Africatown. Láti ìgbà ikú rẹ̀, ipò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó mori bọ́ nínú ''Clotilda,'' àti àkọsílẹ̀ tí àwọn olùfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò rẹ̀ kọ, ti sọ ọ́ di ẹni pàtàkì nínú ìtàn àwùjọ náà. * Ní ọdún 1959, wọ́n gbé ère ìrántí Lewis kalẹ̀ níwájú Ìjọ Union Missionary Baptist ti Africatown lórí pírámìdì àwọn bíríkì tí àwọn ìgbèkùn ''Clotilda'' ṣe. Wọ́n ṣe é ní ipò Ìtẹ̀síwájú League of Africatown. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=20020108&id=XrovAAAAIBAJ&pg=6333,751302&hl=en|title=Bust of Last Survivor of Slave Ship "Clotilde" stolen in Mobile|date=January 8, 2002|access-date=May 27, 2016|archivedate=July 22, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2211&dat=19590912&id=yf0mAAAAIBAJ&pg=1268,3536510&hl=en|title=Capital Spotlight|last1=Lautier|first1=Lewis|date=September 12, 1959|access-date=May 27, 2016|archivedate=July 22, 2021}}</ref> * Ní ọdún 1977, Ẹgbẹ́ fún Ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa Ìgbésí Ayé àti Ìtàn Àwọn Ará Áfíríkà (tí wọ́n ń pè ní Association for the Study of African American Life and History ) ṣe ìrántí Lewis àti ẹgbẹ́ ''Clotilda'' . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19771002&id=eS4dAAAAIBAJ&pg=6911,112342&hl=en|title=Escaped slaves formed "African town" near Mobile|date=October 2, 1977|access-date=May 27, 2016|archivedate=July 22, 2021}}</ref> * Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1990, ẹ̀ka àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìlú Mobile àti Mobile ti Delta Sigma Theta gbé àmì ìrántí kan kalẹ̀ fún Lewis ní Plateau Cemetery. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=February 21, 2016}}</ref> * Ní ọdún 2007, àwọn olùṣe fíìmù ará Áfíríkà méjì fi ẹ̀bùn owó Lewis fún Africatown Welcome Center. Ìbàjẹ́ ni ó jẹ́ ní ọdún 2011. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blog.al.com/live/2011/03/mobile_crime_busts_vandalized.html|title=Busts of Cudjoe Lewis, John Smith vandalized at Africatown Welcome Center|last1=Pickett|first1=Rhoda A.|date=March 23, 2011|access-date=May 27, 2016|archivedate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> {{Sfn|Diouf|2007}} * Ní ọdún 2010, àwọn onímọ̀ nípa ohun abẹ̀mí láti Kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì William àti Mary wa ilẹ̀ Lewis ní Africatown, pẹ̀lú àwọn olùgbé méjì mìíràn, láti wá àwọn ohun ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé àti ẹ̀rí àwọn àṣà ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà nínú ìgbésí ayé ojoojúmọ́ àwọn olùdásílẹ̀ ní Amẹ́ríkà. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blog.al.com/live/2010/08/story_of_survivors_of_americas.html|title=Dig reveals story of America's last slave ship -- and its survivors|last1=Hoffman|first1=Roy|date=August 9, 2010|access-date=May 27, 2016|archivedate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> * ''Barracoon: Ìtàn “Ọkọ̀ Dudu” Tó Kẹ́yìn'', ìròyìn Zora Neale Hurston nípa ìgbésí ayé Lewis, ni a tẹ̀ jáde fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2018. * Ní ọdún 2016, Kazoola Eatery & Entertainment ṣí sílẹ̀ ní àárín gbùngbùn ìlú Mobile. Ibi ìṣeré jazz àti blues kìí ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyìn fún Lewis nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jẹ́ àmì ìṣọ̀kan àṣà ní agbègbè àárín gbùngbùn ìlú. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.al.com/news/mobile/2017/04/kazoola_brings_unity_to_mobile.html|title=Kazoola brings unity to Mobile through food and music|last1=Dumas|first1=Michael|date=April 3, 2017|access-date=May 27, 2016|archivedate=July 26, 2019}}</ref> == Tún wo == * Àkójọ àwọn ẹrú * Àkójọ àwọn ẹrú Amẹ́ríkà tó ṣẹ́kù kẹ́yìn * [[Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá Amẹ́ríkà|Àwọn Yorùbá Amẹ́ríkà]] == Àwọn Àkíyèsí == {{Notelist}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist|20em}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1935]] [[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]] 1t692xupg4b1neqy323va3zwg0p21z2 Iroko 0 79579 632085 615648 2026-08-19T17:21:39Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ìdílé àwọn ewéko ti Moraceae}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Milicia roadside small.jpg |image_caption = ''Milicia excelsa'', ní Uganda |taxon = Milicia |authority = [[Thomas Robertson Sim|Sim]] |subdivision_ranks = Àwọn ẹ̀yà |subdivision = ''[[Milicia excelsa]]''<br /> ''[[Milicia regia]]'' }} '''Ìrókò''' jẹ́ igi ńlá tó le gidi (hardwood) láti etíkun ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà olóoru tí ó lè gbé títí di ẹ̀ẹ́dẹ́gbẹ̀ta (500) ọdún.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezvpAwAAQBAJ|title=Conflicted Destiny: Chronicle of a Natural Born Warrior|last=Amadi|first=Pete|date=2013-09-01|publisher=FriesenPress|isbn=978-1-4602-2427-4|language=en}}</ref> Èyí ni orúkọ gbogbogbò fún ìdílé igi '''''Milicia''''', nínú èyí tí a ti mọ ẹ̀yà méjì tí wọ́n pẹkí pọ̀ pẹ́kípẹ́kí: ''[[Milicia excelsa]]'' àti ''[[Milicia regia]]''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Population genetic structure of ''Milicia'' species characterised by using RAPD and nucleotide sequencing L. |author1=D.A. Ofori |author2=M.D. Swaine |author3=C. Leifert |author4=J.R. Cobbinah |author5=A.H. Price |journal=Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution |volume=48 |issue=6 |pages=637–647 |date=December 2001 |doi=10.1023/A:1013805807957|bibcode=2001GRCEv..48..637O |s2cid=43985297 }}</ref> Orúkọ ìdílé ''Milicia'' wà fún ọlá Milici (ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún àti ogún), alákòóso kan ní Ìlà-oòrùn Áfíríkà ti àwọn Pọ́túgà (ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Mozambique]] lóde òní) ẹni tí ó ṣàtìlẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ ònkọ̀wé ìdílé igi náà, [[Thomas Robertson Sim]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Burkhardt | first=Lotte | title=Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition | chapter=Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée |trans-title=Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin | year=2018 | isbn=978-3-946292-26-5 |language=German |location=Berlin | doi=10.3372/epolist2018 | s2cid=187926901 }}</ref> Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ tí wọ́n sì gbé e jáde nínú ìwé Forest Fl. Port. E. Afr. ní ojúewé 97 ní ọdún 1909.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Milicia'' Sim {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:40890-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=26 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Àwọn [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] mọ igi yìí sí {{lang|yo|ìrókò}}, {{lang|yo|logo}} tàbí {{lang|yo|loko}}, wọ́n sì gbàgbọ́ pé ó ní agbára ìwòsàn.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6HmoCgAAQBAJ|title=The Sons of the Gods and the Daughters of Men: An Afro-Asiatic Interpretation of Genesis 1-11|last=Oduyoye|first=Modupe|date=2015-09-29|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-4982-3582-2|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn [[Igbo people|Ìgbò]] mọ Ìrókò sí igi {{lang|ig|ọjị}}.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LPqZQYiF4jEC|title=A Handbook of African Religion and Culture|last=Onunwa|first=Udobata R.|date=2010-06-27|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|isbn=978-1-4349-5396-4|language=en}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn igi tí wọ́n sábà máa ń pè ní '''African teak''' (teak ti Áfíríkà),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephen |date=2023-06-14 |title=Iroko Wood Is African Teak Lumber 2023 |url=https://commercialforestproducts.com/iroko-wood-teak-lumber/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé kò ní ìbátan kankan pẹ̀lú ìdílé igi [[teak]]. Àwọ̀ igi náà máa ń jẹ́ òféèfèé (yellow) níbẹ̀rẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n yóò yí padà sí àwọ̀ ilẹ̀ tó dúdú púpọ̀ (copper brown) bí àkókò ti ń lọ. [[File:Iroko tree.jpg|thumb|Igi Ìrókò|right]] == Àwọn Orúkọ ní Èdè Mìíràn == * [[Yoruba language|Yorùbá]] : Ìrókò, Ùróko * [[Gbe languages|Àwọn èdè Gbe]] : Loko, Roko<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Robert Farris |title=Flash of the Spirit: African & Afro-American Art & Philosophy |date=26 May 2010 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-307-87433-7 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzOIY4iHSjAC&dq=iroko+loko.&pg=PA167 |access-date=23 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Sranan Tongo]]: Loko <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wekker |first1=Gloria |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm61758062 |title=The politics of passion: women's sexual culture in the Afro-Surinamese diaspora |last2=Wekker |first2=Gloria |date=2006 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-13162-9 |series=Between men--between women |location=New York |oclc=ocm61758062}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wooding |first=Charles J. |title=Evolving culture: a cross-cultural study of Suriname, West Africa, and the Caribbean |date=1981 |publisher=University Press of America |isbn=978-0-8191-1378-8 |location=Washington, D.C}}</ref> * [[Igbo language|Ìgbò]]: Ọ́jị̀ * [[Edo language|Ẹdó]] : Uloko * [[Urhobo language|Urhobo]] : Uno * [[Central Tano languages|Àwọn èdè Akan]] : Odum<ref name="AfricanPast">{{Cite book|title=Archaeology, language, and the African past|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Altamira Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7591-0465-5}}</ref> * [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] : Kambala * [[Ijaw language|Ìjọ]] : Olokpata * [[Jagham language|Ejagham]] : Nsan<ref>{{cite book |last1=Quattrocchi |first1=Umberto |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Nmaes: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology |date=3 February 2023 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-000-89773-9 |page=1692 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dh2rEAAAQBAJ&dq=iroko+loko.&pg=PA1692 |access-date=23 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> == Àwọn Ẹ̀yà == Wọ́n ń rí igi ìrókò púpọ̀ jùlọ láti ara ''[[Milicia excelsa]]''. Nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé nípa igi yìí, orúkọ àwọn igi tó ń pèsè rẹ̀ ni wọ́n pè ní ''[[Chlorophora excelsa]]'' (tí í ṣe ''Milicia excelsa'') àti ''[[Chlorophora regia]]'' (tí í ṣe ''[[Milicia regia]]'').<ref>{{Britannica|294241|iroko wood}}</ref><ref>{{ITIS|id=506548 |taxon=''Chlorophora excelsa'' (Welw.) Benth.}}</ref> ''[[Milicia excelsa]]'' wà lákọsílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ewéko 'tó fẹ́rẹ̀ parun' lórí àtòjọ IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCN Red List: Milicia excelsa">{{cite iucn |author=World Conservation Monitoring Centre. |year=1998 |title=''Milicia excelsa'' |volume=1998 |article-number=e.T33903A9817388 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33903A9817388.en |access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref> Àwọn ẹ̀yà méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ igi tí ó ní akọ àti abo lọ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ([[dioecious]]), èyí tí ìtànná akọ àti abo rẹ̀ máa ń wà lára igi ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1038/hdy.2014.5|title=Speciation slowing down in widespread and long-living tree taxa: Insights from the tropical timber tree genus ''Milicia'' (Moraceae)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_heredity_2014-07_113_1/page/n79|year=2014|last1=Daïnou|first1=K.|last2=Mahy|first2=G.|last3=Duminil|first3=J.|last4=Dick|first4=C. W.|last5=Doucet|first5=J-L|last6=Donkpégan|first6=A S L.|last7=Pluijgers|first7=M.|last8=Sinsin|first8=B.|last9=Lejeune|first9=P.|last10=Hardy|first10=O. J.|journal=Heredity|volume=113|issue=1|pages=74–85|pmid=24549110|pmc=4815650 |bibcode=2014Hered.113...74D }}</ref> == Àwọn Ìwúlò Rẹ̀ == [[File:Iroko-piece.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán igi Ìrókò tí a ti gé]] Wọ́n ń lo pákó rẹ̀ fún onírúurú nǹkan nínú ilé àti lóde<ref>{{cite web |title=Wood Species Database: Iroko |url=https://www.trada.co.uk/wood-species/iroko/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122201851/https://www.trada.co.uk/wood-species/iroko/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=22 January 2022 |website=Wood Species Database |publisher=Timber Research And Development Association (TRADA) |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref> títí kan ṣíṣe ọkọ̀ ojú-omi, pákó ìlẹ̀ ilé, ohun-ọ̀ṣọ́ ilé (furniture) àti àwọn gétì ìta. Láti ìparí àwọn ọdún 1990, wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara ohun èlò orin [[txalaparta]] ti [[Basque music|Basque]], tí a fi pákó igi ṣe, nítorí ìró dídùn rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cancioneros.com/co/2839/2/la-txalaparta-el-sonido-ancestral-de-euskadi-por-pol-ducable-roges|title = La txalaparta, el sonido ancestral de Euskadi por Pol Ducable Rogés|website = CANCIONEROS.COM|access-date = 2016-03-04}}</ref> Ìrókò jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn pákó tí wọ́n ń lò fún ṣíṣe ìlù ìbílẹ̀ [[djembe#Shell|djembe]]. Igi ìrókò ni pákó tí wọ́n yàn fún àwọn ìjókòó ([[pew]]) inú ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì [[Our Lady of Peace Basilica]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aKoKHmuexywC|title=Architecture and Power in Africa|last=Elleh|first=Nnamdi|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-97679-8|language=en}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ igi tí ó pẹ́ títí gidi;<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VfuWr1KxrGYC|title = Wood Structure and Properties '06|last1 = Kurjatko|first1 = Stanislav|last2 = Kúdela|first2 = Jozef|last3 = Lagaňa|first3 = Rastislav|date = 2006-01-01|publisher = Arbora Publishers|isbn = 978-80-968868-4-5|language = en}}</ref> ìrókò kò nílò ìtọ́jú pẹ̀lú epo tàbí omi pákó nígbàgbogbo fún lílò níta, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé ó ṣòro púpọ̀ láti fi àwọn irinṣẹ́ gbé e nítorí pé ó máa ń fọ́ wẹ́wẹ́ níkèékèé, ó sì máa ń sọ ojú àwọn irinṣẹ́ dúpú kánkán.<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HikdloJ3Z2gC|title = Upgrading Your Boat's Interior|last = Westin|first = Mike|date = 2013-04-12|publisher = A&C Black|isbn = 978-1-4081-5909-5|language = en}}</ref> Ní orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (UK), kò sí ìkálọ́wọ́kò kankan fún ọjà àti mímọ pákó rẹ̀ lẹ́rọ. Ìpalára kan ṣoṣo tí a mọ̀ tí eruku ìrókò ń fà ni àrùn ikọ́-fèé ([[asthma]]), àrùn awọ ara ([[dermatitis]]) àti wíwú ara.<ref>{{cite web|title=HSE Toxic Woods Information Sheet|url=http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/wis30.pdf|publisher=Health and Safety Executive|access-date=15 October 2012|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817202842/https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/wis30.pdf}}</ref> == Ìgbàgbọ́ nínú Àṣà == Igi yìí jẹ́ ohun ẹ̀rù nínú àwọn àṣà kan níbi tí ó ti ṣẹ̀wá, fún ìdí èyí wọ́n máa ń sá fún un tàbí bọ̀wọ̀ fún un pẹ̀lú ẹbọ.<ref name="Twilight Tales3">{{cite book|title=Twilight Tales3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHw9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA26|access-date=2 April 2011|publisher=CUP Archive|page=26|year = 1953}}</ref> Àwọn [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] gbàgbọ́ pé igi náà ní ẹ̀mí/àlùjọ̀nnú kan nínú (Olúwéré), àti pé ẹnikẹ́ni tí ó bá fojú kòójú rí 'ọkùnrin-Ìrókò' yóò di wèrè, yóò sì tètè kú.<ref name="Ogumefu1929">{{cite book|last=Ogumefu|first=M. I.|title=Yoruba legends|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2nt2Vui0qEC&pg=PA10|year=1929|publisher=Forgotten Books|isbn=978-1-60506-017-0|page=10}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà Yorùbá, ọkùnrin yíówù tí ó bá gé igi ìrókò lulẹ̀ ń pe oríburúkú kíkàn bá ara rẹ̀ àti gbogbo ìdílé rẹ̀,<ref name="Ogumefu1929"/> bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé tí wọ́n bá níláti gé igi náà, wọ́n lè ṣe àdúrà lẹ́yìn rẹ̀ láti dáàbò bo ara wọn.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/churchmissionar01socigoog|title=The Church Missionary Juvenile Instructor|date=1880-01-01|publisher=Seeley, Jackson, & Halliday|language=en}}</ref> Wọ́n tún sọ pé wọ́n lè gbọ́ ohùn ẹ̀mí Ìrókò nínú àwọn ilé tí wọ́n fi pákó ìrókò kọ́, nítorí pé ẹ̀mí Ìrókò ti há sínú pákó náà.<ref name="Ogumefu1929"/> Ní [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]], pákó ìrókò máa ń kù díẹ̀ káàtó nítorí ipò tí ilẹ̀ wà àti ìbàjẹ́ gbòǹgbò (root-rot).<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AOsiAQAAIAAJ|title = Bulletin of the Imperial Institute|date = 1914-01-01|publisher = The Institute|page = 366|language = en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yeoLAQAAIAAJ|title = House of Commons Papers|last = Commons|first = Great Britain Parliament House of|date = 1914-01-01|publisher = H.M. Stationery Office|language = en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zhsoAQAAMAAJ|title = Documentation and Information: Ecology: Catalogue of Documents and Publications on MAB in Africa|date = 1990-01-01|publisher = UNESCO's Regional Office|language = en}}</ref> Àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ayé kan máa ń pe igi náà ní "teak àwọn tálákà" ("poor man's [[teak]]").<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OblmwE2bFswC|title=When God Takes Over: Stories of hope on the streets|last=Hamon|first=Lindsay|date=2012-11-07|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4772-3884-4|language=en}}</ref> == Àwòrán == <gallery> File:Milicia Excelsa (''[[Chlorophora excelsa]]'') (Bangla - আফ্রিকান টিকওক).jpg|Ìtì igi ìrókò / [[African teak]], [[Milicia excelsa]] (Chlorophora Excelsa) ní [[Lawachara National Park]], Bangladesh. Ní ọdún 2016. </gallery> {{clear}} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasì == {{Reflist}} == Àwọn Ìjápọ̀ Ìta == {{Wikispecies|Milicia}} * [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/wis30.pdf Toxic woods] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817202842/https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/wis30.pdf |date=17 August 2021 }} (HSE) {{Taxonbar|from=Q144717}} [[Category:Igi]] [[Category:Àwọn igi ní orílẹ̀-èdè Benin]] [[Category:Ìtàn àròsọ Yorùbá]] [[Category:Orúkọ gbogbogbò àwọn ewéko]] [[Category:Milicia (plant)|Milicia]] [[Category:Moraceae genera]] [[Category:Àwọn ewéko tó ní akọ àti abo]] [[Category:Àwọn ewéko tí wọ́n ṣàpèjúwe ní 1909]] mchpztcpbgjyfnsxscm97fm4y4dpvx1 Awon Ogun Yoruba 0 79590 632039 629043 2026-08-19T16:10:27Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Àwọn ogun ní Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà (c. 1789–1893)}} Àwọn '''Ogun Yorùbá''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Ogun Abẹ́lé Yorùbá''', jẹ́ ọ̀wọ́ àwọn ogun tí ó wáyé ní àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń sọ [[Yoruba language|èdè Yorùbá]] ní [[West Africa|Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà]] láti nǹkan bíi ọdún 1789 títí di 1893. Àwọn ogun wọ̀nyí jẹ́ ogun gbígbóná tí ó pẹ́ gidigidi láàárín àwọn ìlú àti ilẹ̀-ọba Yorùbá ọlọ́kàn-ò-jọ̀kan, èyí tí ó yọrí sí àwọn ìyípadà pàtàkì nínú ìṣèlú, àwùjọ, àti ọrọ̀-ajé ní agbègbè náà.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peel |first=John David Yeadon |title=Religious Encounter and The Making of the Yoruba |date= |publisher=Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis |year=2000 |isbn=0-253-21588-9 |editor-last= |editor-first= |location=Indiana |pages=27 - 33 |oclc=}}</ref> == Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ == [[File:3-oyo-empire-at-its-greatest-extent-c-1780.jpg|thumb|Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ nígbà tí ó gbilẹ̀ jùlọ|alt=|left|274x274px]] Ní ọdún 1754, [[Gaha|Baṣọ̀run Gáà]], olórí [[Oyo Mesi|Ọ̀yọ́ Mèsì]], gba agbára lọ́wọ́ [[Alaafin|Aláàfin]] [[Labisi|Lábísí]].{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=273}} Gáà ṣàkóso lẹ́yìn-ọ̀-rẹgìn fún ogún ọdún tí ó tẹ̀lé e, èyí tí ó sọ iyì àti agbára [[Oyo Empire|Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́]] di aláìlera gidigidi láti kápá àwọn ìhalẹ̀ tí ń dojú kọ wọ́n, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ìkọlù láti ọwọ́ àwọn [[Nupe people|Tápà]] (Nupe).<ref name = Usman>{{cite book |last1=Usman |first1=Aribidesi |title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |date=21 August 2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.277 |chapter=Warfare among Yoruba in the Nineteenth Century}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Baṣọ̀run Gáà ní ọdún 1774 nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan àwọn ìjòyè Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé, àwọn ìjòyè ìta, àti Abíọ́dún (tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ nígbà náà), àìtẹ́lọ́rùn ṣì wà nínú ọ̀nà tí Ọ̀yọ́ ń gbà ṣàkóso àwọn ìlú abẹ́ rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=THOMAS|first=Guy|date=2003|title=J. D. Y. PEEL, Religious Encounter and the Making of Yoruba, Bloomington & Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 2000, 420p., {{text|ISBN}} 0-253-33794-1|journal=Le Fait Missionnaire|volume=13|issue=1|pages=153–157|doi=10.1163/221185203x00097|issn=1420-2018}}</ref> [[Aláàfin Abíọ́dùn|Aláàfin Abíọ́dún]] ṣàkóso ilẹ̀ ọba náà pẹ̀lú àlàáfíà tí kò fẹsẹ̀ múlẹ̀ (uneasy peace) láti ọdún 1774 títí di ìgbà ikú rẹ̀ ní 1789. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn [[oral tradition|àtẹnudẹ́nu]], àkókò yìí ní ìrírí ìmúgbòòrò sí i àti ìpínkiri agbára (decentralization). Nígbà ìjọba Abíọ́dún náà ni wọ́n gbé òfin jáde tí ó ka dídà soko ẹrú àwọn tí ó bá ní [[Yoruba tribal marks|ìlà]] Àbàjà léèwọ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/126314382/Nago-and-Mina-The-Yoruba-diaspora-in-Brazil|title=Nago and Mina: The Yoruba diaspora in Brazil|website=Scribd|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> Òfin yìí ní ipa kíkankíkan lórí ọ̀nà àmúṣọrọ̀ àwọn ìjòyè ìta àti àwọn ọmọ ìdílé ọba Ọ̀yọ́. Ó tún yọrí sí wíwá àwọn ẹrú Mùsùlùmí láti àwọn ìlú Àríwá [[Hausa people|Haúsá]], [[Bariba people|Ìbààbá]] (Bariba) àti [[Bida Emirate|Tápà]]; wọ́n wá ń ta àwọn kan nínú àwọn ẹrú wọ̀nyí ránṣẹ́ sí [[Europe|Yúróòpù]] àti [[Americas|Amẹ́ríkà]] nípasẹ̀ ẹ̀búté Àjàṣẹ́ ([[Porto-Novo]]).<ref>{{Citation|last=Alonso|first=Miguel C.|title=The Development of Yoruba Candomble Communities in Salvador, Bahia, 1835–1986|chapter=The Dispersal of the Yoruba People|date=2014|pages=33–48|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-1-349-50365-0|doi=10.1057/9781137486431_3}}</ref> Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìjọba Abíọ́dún kún fún àlàáfíà, kò kápá àwọn ọ̀ràn tó jìnlẹ̀ tí ń yọ Ilẹ̀ Ọba Ọ̀yọ́ lẹ́nu. Ìlú [[Kaiama]] yapa ní ọdún 1783, wọ́n sì ṣẹ́gun Abíọ́dún pátápátá nígbà tí ó gbìyànjú láti tún mú wọn wá lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso Ọ̀yọ́.<ref name = Usman/>{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=280}} Ní ọdún 1789 ni wọ́n yan Awólẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Alaafin|Aláàfin]] láti rọ́pò Abíọ́dún, lẹ́yìn tí ó rọrùn fún un láti ré olùdíje rẹ̀, [[Afonja|Àfọ̀njá]], jẹ.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=284}} Ó jogún ilẹ̀ ọba tí agbára ogun rẹ̀ ti dín kù, ṣùgbọ́n ìṣàkóso rẹ̀ tí ó kún fún àfojúdi, ìfura, àti àìpéye túbọ̀ dá aáwọ̀ sílẹ̀ láàárín àwọn adarí Ọ̀yọ́.{{sfn|Ogundiran|2020|p=366}} Ó fi Àfọ̀njá jẹ oyè [[Kakanfo|Ààrẹ-Ọ̀nà-Kakaǹfò]] ní ọdún 1789 tàbí 1790.{{sfn|Ogundiran|2020|p=367}} Kakaǹfò ni ọ̀gá ogun pátápátá fún ilẹ̀ ọba náà, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n fòfin dè é láti wọ inú olú-ìlú wá, èyí tí ó sọ ewu ìṣèlú rẹ̀ di asán. Ní ọdún 1796, ó rán Kakaǹfò lọ sí ìlú [[Iwere|Ìwèrè]], nígbà tí ó dé ibẹ̀, ó paṣẹ fún un láti gbóguntì ìlú tí kò ṣeé ṣẹ́gun náà, pẹ̀lú ìrètí pé yóò kùnà, wọ́n á sì kẹ́gàn rẹ̀. Àfọ̀njá kọ̀ láti tẹ̀lé àṣẹ yìí, ó darí ogun rẹ̀ kọjú sí [[Oyo-Ile|Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé]] dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ó sì ṣí Awólẹ̀ nípò.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=282}} Ṣùgbọ́n, Àfọ̀njá kò rí adé náà gbà, ọ̀wọ́ àwọn ọba tí kò lágbára ni ó tẹ̀lé e, pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìlú-abẹ́ tí wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yapa. Àfọ̀njá wà lára àwọn olórí ọlọ̀tẹ̀ wọ̀nyí, bí ìlú rẹ̀, [[Ilorin|Ìlọrin]], ṣe kéde òmìnira ní ọdún 1801. Kò pẹ́ tí ó fi sọ ara rẹ̀ di alágbára ogun tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=283-4}} == Àfọ̀njá àti Ìlọrin == Ìbúgbàù [[Jihad of Usman dan Fodio|Ogun Ẹ̀sìn (Jihad) ti Sókótó]] ní ọdún 1804 dẹ́rù ba àwọn olórí ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe inúnibíni sí àwọn Mùsùlùmí ní àgbègbè wọn. Nígbà tí ó rí àǹfààní kan, ní ọdún 1817 Àfọ̀njá kéde pé Ìlọrin yóò jẹ́ ibi ààbò fún gbogbo Mùsùlùmí tàbí ẹrú tó bá sá sáálà wá, ó sì kó wọn jọ sínú ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun kan tí a pè ní 'Jamaa'. Nípa kíkó àwọn abúlé tí ó wà nítòsí pọ̀ sínú Ìlọrin àti gbígba ìtìlẹ́yìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ [[Solagberu|Ṣólágbẹ̀rù]] pẹ̀lú olùkọ́ ẹ̀sìn Ìsìláàmù, [[Shehu Alimi|Ṣèù Àlìmí]], Àfọ̀njá bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣẹ́gun àwọn ìlú tó wà ní ẹ̀gbẹ́kẹ̀gbẹ́ Ọ̀yọ́.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=286-8}} Agbára àwọn Jamaa àti Ṣèù Àlìmí tí ń pọ̀ sí i ni ó wá padà jẹ́ okùnfà ìparun rẹ̀. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1824, Àfọ̀njá gbìyànjú láti dín agbára wọn kù, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ṣọ̀tẹ̀, wọ́n sì pa á.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=289}} Ikú Àfọ̀njá túmọ̀ sí ìdásílẹ̀ [[Ilorin Emirate|ìjọba Mùsùlùmí (emirate)]] kíkún lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso àlùfáà Fúlàní kan ní àárín gbùngbùn ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, èyí sì ru ẹ̀mí ìfẹ́-orílẹ̀-èdè sókè nínú àwọn Yorùbá. [[Toyeje|Tóyèjé]], Baálẹ̀ ti [[Ogbomosho|Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́]], di Kakaǹfò, ó sì gbé àgbájọ ogun dìde láti lé àwọn àjèjì náà jáde. Ṣùgbọ́n nínú gbọ̀ngbọ̀n [[Battle of Ogele|Ogun Ògèlè]] ní ọdún 1825, àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin ogun [[Fula people|Fúlàní]] ṣẹ́gun àwọn Yorùbá pátápátá.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=289}}<ref name="Johnson" /> Àwọn Fúlàní tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun kó ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìlú nígbà tí wọ́n ń lépa àwọn tí ó sá nínú ogun, wọ́n sì fi ipá mú kí ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún àwọn olùwá-ibi-ìsádi sá lọ sí ìhà gúúsù.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=290}} Ìyàlẹ́nu ogun yìí sọ ọlá Ọ̀yọ́ kù pátápátá, ó sì sún àwọn baálẹ̀/ìjòyè àwọn ìlú-abẹ́ láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dá tìwọn ṣe ju ti ilẹ̀ ọba lọ.{{sfn|Ogundiran|2020|p=280}} == Ìlọrin pẹ̀lú Ọ̀yọ́ == [[Mugbamugba War|Ogun Mùgbàmùgbà]] ni ìgbìyànjú kejì tí àwọn Yorùbá ṣe láti lé àwọn Mùsùlùmí jáde kí wọ́n sì gba [[Ilorin|Ìlọrin]] padà, lẹ́yìn ikú [[Shehu Alimi|Ṣèù Àlìmí]] àti gbígba agbára ọmọ rẹ̀, [[Abdulsalami]], gẹ́gẹ́ bí i [[Emir|Emir (Ọba Mùsùlùmí)]]. Wọ́n dá àgbájọ ogun mìíràn sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú alákòóso [[Bida Emirate|Tápà]], [[Majiya II|Májíyà Kejì]], ṣùgbọ́n ìparun tí àwọn ogun tó ti kọjá fà túmọ̀ sí pé kò sí oko tàbí oúnjẹ kankan, nítorí náà, wọ́n pe ìjà náà ni Ogun Mùgbàmùgbà, tí ó jẹyọ nínú [[Parkia biglobosa|èso igbá]] (locust beans) tí àwọn ọmọ ogun gbójú lé láti jẹ.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=290}}<ref name="Johnson" /> Pẹ̀lú àìsí ìṣọ̀kan tó péye láàárín àwọn [[Oba (ruler)|Ọba]], àwọn ọmọ ogun rí ìṣòro kíkankíkan láti dojúkọ òye ìmọ̀ [[cavalry|ogun ẹlẹ́ṣin]] àwọn Fúlàní, wọ́n sì ní ìrírí ìhàgbó-lé-lórí ọlọ́jọ́ pípẹ́ nínú àwọn ìlú olódi, èyí tí ó sọ ìgboyà wọn kù.<ref name="Law">{{cite journal |last=Law |first=R. C. C. |date=1970 |title=The Chronology of the Yoruba Wars of the Early Nineteenth Century: A Reconsideration |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=211–222 |jstor=41856842 |issn=0018-2540}}</ref> {{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=290}} Lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ́gun pátápátá níbi tí àwọn ẹlẹ́ṣin ogun Fúlàní ti yí àwọn ọmọ ogun ká tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n run, Májíyà sá padà sí ilẹ̀ Tápà (Nupeland) àwọn ọmọ ogun Ìlọrin tó ṣẹ́gun sì gbá wọ àwọn àgbègbè Ọ̀fà, Ẹrin, Ìgbóminà, àti àwọn mìíràn.{{sfn|Akintoye|2014|p=290}}<ref name="Johnson">{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Samuel |author-link=Samuel Johnson (Nigerian historian) |editor-last=Johnson |editor-first=Obadiah |editor-link=Obadiah Johnson |title=The history of the Yorubas: from the earliest times to the beginning of the British Protectorate |year=1921 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofyorubas00john/ |via=[[Internet Archive]] |location=Lagos |publisher=C. M. S. (Nigeria) Bookshops}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> == Àwọn Ìyọrísí == Gbogbo àwọn gbọ́nmi-si-omi-òtó wọ̀nyí sọ agbára ìjọba àárín di aláìlera, wọ́n sì fún àwọn agbègbè púpọ̀ ní òmìnira-ara-ẹni. Wọ́n ní ipa tó pọ̀ gidigidi lórí àwùjọ àti ìṣèlú ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, wọ́n sì sọ [[Slave Trade|òwò ẹrú]] di gbígbòòrò ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún. Àwọn kan lára àwọn ẹrú tí ogun náà kàn di onígbàgbọ́ (Kristẹni) ní [[Sierra Leone|Siẹrra Léònè]]. Àbájáde tó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ ni dídá àwọn ìlú tuntun sílẹ̀; [[Ibadan|Ìbàdàn]], [[Abeokuta|Àbẹ́òkúta]] àti [[Ijaye|Ìjàyè]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=D. H.|date=November 1965|title=The Yoruba and their Wars - Yoruba Warfare in the Nineteenth Century. By J. F. Ade Ajayi and Robert Smith. Cambridge University Press in association with the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, 1964. Pp. x, 160; 6 maps. 30s.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1965_6_3/page/430|journal=The Journal of African History|language=en|volume=6|issue=3|pages=430–432|doi=10.1017/S002185370000596X|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> Ó tún ṣokùnfà dídìde àti ìṣubú àwọn ènìyàn tó ní ipa jùlọ nínú ìtàn Yorùbá; Kúrúnmí ní Ìjàyè, [[Oluyole|Baṣọ̀run Olúyọ̀lé]], [[Aare Latoosa of Ibadan|Ààrẹ Látoósà]], [[Efunsetan Aniwura|Ẹfúnsétán Aníwúrà]] àti Balógun Ògúnmọ́lá ní Ìbàdàn, Bíọ́dún Fágbùnmí ní [[Ekiti State|Èkìtì]], [[Ogedengbe of Ilesa|Ògèdèngbé ti Iléṣà]], [[Efunroye Tinubu|Ẹfúnróyè Tinúbú]], [[Kosoko|Kòsọ́kọ́]] ní Èkó, Arílẹ̀kọláṣí ní [[Ondo City|Òndó]] àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn. Ó tún pa agbára Ọ̀yọ́ lórí àgbègbè náà rẹ́ pátápátá, èyí tí ó ṣí ọ̀nà sílẹ̀ fún ìjọba ìmúnisìn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìparí ọdún 1800 lábẹ́ àwáwí pé wọ́n fẹ́ fòpin sí òwò ẹrú. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} === Orísun === *{{cite book |last1=Akintoye |first1=S. Adebanji |title=A History of the Yoruba People |date=2014 |publisher=Amalion |location=Dakar}} *{{cite book |last=Ogundiran |first= Akinwumi|author-link= Akinwumi Ogundiran |date=2020|title= The Yoruba: A New History|publisher= Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253051509}} {{Yoruba Wars}} [[Category:Military history of Nigeria]] [[Category:History of the Yoruba people]] [[Category:Conflicts in Africa]] d58t6atlphdsze1txibibh1xdn0u7bu Esin Yoruba 0 79627 632121 627622 2026-08-19T18:21:25Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ẹ̀sìn ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} {{Infobox religion | name = Ìṣẹ̀ṣe | image = Obatala Temple Ile Ife.jpg | imagewidth = 275px | alt = | caption = Tẹ́ḿpìlì [[Obatala|Ọbàtálá]] ní [[Ile-Ife|Ilé-Ifẹ̀]], Ọ̀ṣun, èyí tí ó jẹ́ [[holy place|ibi mímọ́]] fún Ìṣẹ̀ṣe | main_classification = [[African traditional religions|Áfíríkà]] | scripture = [[Odu Ifa|Odù Ifá]] | theology = [[Diffused monotheism]] | area = Káríayé<ref>{{cite web | title=Celebrating Isese: Unraveling the Rich Tapestry of Yoruba Heritage and Spirituality PART 1|url=https://www.ifaglobalsite.com/post/celebrating-isese-unraveling-the-rich-tapestry-of-yoruba-heritage-and-spirituality-part-1}}</ref> | language = [[Yoruba language|Yorùbá]] | territory = [[Yorubaland|Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] | founded_date = 500–300 B.C.E<ref>{{cite web | title=Yoruba Religion: History, Beliefs & Facts|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/yoruba-religion-mythology-beliefs.html}}</ref> | founded_place = [[Ile-Ife|Ilé-Ifẹ̀]], Àárín gbùngbùn [[Yorubaland|Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] | separated_from = | separations = | number_of_followers = {{est.}} àràádọ́ta ọ̀kẹ́ (several millions)<ref>{{cite web | title=Performing Religious Worship: Discussion around Isese and other religious practice among the Yoruba of West Africa|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382802751_Performing_Religious_Worship_Discussion_around_Isese_and_other_religious_practice_among_the_Yoruba_of_West_Africa}}</ref> {{increase}} (referred to as {{wikt-lang|non|oniṣẹṣe|Oníṣẹ̀ṣe}}) }} {{Orisa-Ifá sidebar}} '''Ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá''' ({{lang|yo|Ìṣẹ̀ṣe}} {{ipa|yo|ìʃɛ̀ʃē|}}), '''Òrìṣà Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà''' ({{lang|yo|Òrìṣà}} {{ipa|yo|òɾìʃà|}}), tàbí '''Ìṣẹ̀ṣe''' ({{lang|yo|Ìṣẹ̀ṣe}}), jẹ́ àkópọ̀ àwọn èrò àti àṣà ẹ̀sìn tẹ̀mí ti ìbílẹ̀ àwọn [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]].<ref>Ogundiran, A. (2024, October 23). Yorùbá Indigenous Religion. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. Retrieved 19 Jan. 2026, from https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-1556.</ref> Orísun rẹ̀ wà ní agbègbè tí a mọ̀ dunjú sí [[Yorubaland|Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] ({{lang|yo|Ilẹ̀ Káàárọ̀-Oòjíire}}), èyí tó kápọ̀ púpọ̀ nínú àwọn [[States of Nigeria|ìpínlẹ̀]] [[Oyo State|Ọ̀yọ́]], [[Ogun State|Ògùn]], [[Osun State|Ọ̀ṣun]], [[Ondo State|Òǹdó]], [[Ekiti State|Èkìtì]], [[Kwara State|Kwara]], [[Lagos State|Èkó]] àti apá kan [[Kogi State|Kogi]] ní gúúsù-ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]] tòde-òní; àwọn [[Departments of Benin|Ìpínlẹ̀]] [[Collines Department|Collines]], [[Ouémé Department|Oueme]], [[Plateau Department|Plateau]] ní Gúúsù [[Benin]]; àti àwọn apá ibi tí ó sún mọ́ ọn ní Àárín gbùngbùn [[Togo]]. Ó ti di ẹ̀sìn / ìgbàgbọ́ ìbílẹ̀ Áfíríkà tí ó tóbi jùlọ lágbàáyé pẹ̀lú àràádọ́ta ọ̀kẹ́ àwọn ẹlẹ́sìn yìí káríayé.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ogundiran |first1=Akinwumi |title=Nigeria’s Ọ̀ṣun Òṣogbo festival celebrates the power of a Yoruba goddess |url=https://theconversation.com/nigerias-un-o-ogbo-festival-celebrates-the-power-of-a-yoruba-goddess-243163 |website=The Conversation |access-date=6 February 2025 |date=15 January 2025}}</ref> Ó jọ ẹ̀sìn [[Vodun]] tí àwọn ẹ̀yà [[Fon people|Fon]] àti [[Ewe people|Ewe]] tó wà ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn rẹ̀ ń ṣe, àti pẹ̀lú ẹ̀sìn àwọn [[Edo people|Edo]] ní ìlà-oòrùn rẹ̀. Ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá ni ìpìlẹ̀ fún oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀sìn ní Ayé Tuntun (New World), pàápàá jùlọ [[Santería]], [[Umbanda]], [[Trinidad Orisha]], àti [[Candomblé]].<ref name="Culture">{{cite book|title= Yoruba Culture: A Philosophical Account |first=Kola|last=Abimbola|edition=Paperback|publisher= Iroko Academics Publishers|year= 2005|isbn=1-905388-00-4}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbàgbọ́ ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá jẹ́ apá kan ''Ìtàn'', èyí tó jẹ́ àkópọ̀ àwọn orin, ìtàn, àlọ́, àti àwọn èrò àṣà mìíràn tó ṣẹ̀dá àwùjọ Yorùbá.<ref name="Culture"/><ref>Oyeyemi Oyekan. (2024, May 01). Yorùbá Traditional Religion. Database of Religious History, Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia. Retrieved June 27, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574758</ref> == Ọ̀rọ̀ tàbí Orúkọ == Orúkọ tí àwọn Yorùbá ń pe ẹ̀sìn ìbílẹ̀ wọn ni Ìṣẹ̀ṣe, èyí tó tún tọ́ka sí àwọn àṣà àti ìsìn tó yí àṣà Yorùbá ká. Ọ̀rọ̀ yìí wá láti inú àkópọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ méjì, '''Ìṣẹ̀''' (tó túmọ̀ sí "''orísun/gbòǹgbò''"), àti '''ìṣe''' (tó túmọ̀ sí "''àṣà/ohun tí a ń ṣe''") tí wọ́n para pọ̀ láti túmọ̀ sí "Àṣà àtìbá" tàbí "Àṣà ìwáṣẹ̀" nítorí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìsìn, ìgbàgbọ́, àṣà, àti àkíyèsí àwọn Yorùbá wá láti inú ìjọsìn ẹ̀sìn fún [[Olodumare|Olódùmarè]] àti fífún àwọn Òrìṣà ní ọ̀wọ̀. == Ìgbàgbọ́ == [[File:Isese (Yoruba Religion) Global Symbol with labels.png|thumb|Àmì ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá (Ìṣẹ̀ṣe) pẹ̀lú àwọn àkọlé]] [[File:Yoruba divination board.jpg|thumb|[[Opon Ifá|Ọpọ́n Ifá]] àwọn Yorùbá]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kola Abimbola ṣe sọ, àwọn [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] ti mú ìmọ̀ ìṣẹ̀dá àgbáyé (cosmology) tó fẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀ dàgbà.<ref name="Culture"/> Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ọmọ Nàìjíríà fún [[Traditional African religions|Ẹ̀sìn ìbílẹ̀ Áfíríkà]], [[Jacob K. Olupona]], ṣe àkópọ̀ pé kókó pàtàkì fún ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, tí gbogbo ẹ̀dá alààyè sì ní, ni a mọ̀ sí "[[Aṣẹ|Àṣẹ]]", èyí tí í ṣe "ọ̀rọ̀ agbára tí ó gbọ́dọ̀ ṣẹ," "agbára ìyè" àti "agbára" tó "ń darí gbogbo ìṣípòpadà àti ìgbésẹ̀ nínú àgbáyé".<ref name="Fate">{{cite book|title=Àyànmọ|first=Afọlabi|last=Ọlabimtan|location=Lagos, Nigeria|publisher=Macmillan|year= 1973|oclc=33249752}}</ref><ref name="yancy01">{{Cite news |last=Yancy |first=George |date=2021-02-14 |title=Opinion {{!}} Death Has Many Names |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/14/opinion/Yoruba-religion-death.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="trad01">{{Cite journal |last=Olupona |first=Jacob K. |date=1993-01-01 |title=The Study of Yoruba Religious Tradition in Historical Perspective |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/nu/40/3/article-p240_2.xml |journal=Numen |language=en |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=240–273 |doi=10.1163/156852793X00176 |issn=1568-5276|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Gbogbo èrò àti ìṣe olúkúlùkù ènìyàn tàbí ẹ̀dá nínú [[Ayé]] máa ń ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú agbára Ọ̀gá-ògo, gbogbo àwọn ohun alààyè mìíràn, títí kan Ayé fúnra rẹ̀, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà ni pẹ̀lú [[Ọrun|Ọ̀run]], níbi tí àwọn òrìṣà, ẹ̀mí àti àwọn òkú-ọ̀run wà.<ref name="YRM">{{cite book|first=Afọlabi|last=Ọlabimtan|oclc=33249752|others=Translated by George E. Simpson|title=Yoruba Religion and Medicine in Ibadan|publisher= Ibadan University Press|year= 1991|isbn=978-121-068-0}}</ref><ref name="yancy01"/><ref name="trad01"/> A lè ṣàpèjúwe ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìgbàgbọ́ nínú Ọlọ́run kan tó tàn kálẹ̀ ([[diffused monotheism]]), pẹ̀lú [[Ọlọrun#Yoruba|Agbára Ẹlẹ́dàá]] tí ó ga jùlọ ṣùgbọ́n tí ó wà ní òkèèrè, tó gba gbogbo àgbáyé sínú.<ref name="trad01"/> ===Àtúnwá (Reincarnation)=== [[File:The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Egungun masquerade dance garment.jpg|thumb|right|Ẹ̀wù ijó [[Egungun|Egúngún]] nínú àkójọpọ̀ ohun ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé títí lae ní [[The Children's Museum of Indianapolis]]]] Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ nínú Àtúnwá, wíwá sáyé ẹ̀ẹ̀kejì ([[reincarnation]]) láàrin ìdílé. Àwọn orúkọ bíi Babátúndé (baba tún padà dé), Yétúndé (Ìyá tún padà wá), Babátúnjí (Baba tún jíǹde), àti Sótúndé (Ọlọ́gbọ́n tún padà dé) gbogbo wọn jẹ́ ẹ̀rí tó fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ nípa èrò Ifá lórí àtúnwá nínú ẹbí.<ref name="Omobola 586">{{Cite journal|last=Omobola|first=Odejobi|title=Influence of Yoruba Culture in Christian Religious Worship|journal=International J. Soc. Sci. & Education|volume=4|pages=586}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, kò sí ẹ̀rí tó dájú pé baba-ńlá tàbí ẹ̀gbọ́n baba ẹni yóò "padà wá" nínú ìbí ọmọdé gangan. Nígbàkígbà tí àkókò bá tó fún ẹ̀mí láti padà wá sí Ayé (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Ọjà) nípasẹ̀ ìlóyún ẹ̀dá tuntun nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀ ìdílé náà, ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ẹ̀mí tó para pọ̀ di ènìyàn yóò padà wá, nígbà tí èkejì yóò dúró ní Ìkọ̀lé Ọ̀run. Ẹ̀mí tó padà wá ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ọ̀nà Ẹlẹ́dàá Orí (Guardian Ori). Ẹlẹ́dàá Orí ẹni, tí ó wà ní àárín agbárí, kò dúró fún ẹ̀mí àti agbára ìbátan ẹ̀jẹ̀ ẹni ti tẹ́lẹ̀ nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n fún àkójọpọ̀ ọgbọ́n tí ó ti kó jọ nínú àwọn ìgbésíayé rẹ̀ púpọ̀.<ref name="Yoruba concepts of the soul"/> Kò yẹ kí a gbé èyí dọ́ti Orí tẹ̀mí ẹni, èyí tó gbé kádàrá ẹni, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀ ó tọ́ka sí pípada wá sí ''Ọjà'' fún Orí ẹ̀jẹ̀ ẹni nípasẹ̀ ìgbésíayé àti àwọn ìrírí tuntun rẹ̀. Baba-ńlá tàbí Ìyá-ńlá àkọ́kọ́ (Primary Ancestor) yìí máa ń di "atọ́nà" fún onítọ̀hún jálẹ̀ ìgbésíayé rẹ̀—tí ó bá mọ̀ nípa rẹ̀ tí ó sì ń bá agbára yẹn ṣiṣẹ́. Ní òpin ìgbésíayé yẹn, wọ́n á padà sínú ẹ̀mí wọn kan náà, wọ́n á sì di ẹyọ kan, wọ́n á gba ìmọ̀ àfikún tí wọ́n ti rí gbà látara ìrírí ẹni náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ẹ̀san".<ref name="Omobola 586"/> == Ipò Ẹ̀yà Akọ-tàbí-Abo Nínú Ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá == Àwọn ipò ẹ̀yà-akọ-tàbí-abo jẹ́ kókó pàtàkì nínú ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, níbi tí àwọn obìnrin ti wà ní ipò ńlá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyálòrìṣà àti olùtọ́jú ìmọ̀ mímọ́.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olajubu |first=Oyeronke |date=2004 |title=Seeing through a Woman's Eye: Yoruba Religious Tradition and Gender Relations |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25002489 |journal=Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=41–60 |issn=8755-4178}}</ref> Àwọn ipò wọ̀nyí ṣe pàtàkì fún títọ́jú àwọn àṣà ẹ̀sìn wọ́n sì ń nípa lórí bí agbára tẹ̀mí ṣe ń yí padà nínú àwùjọ.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olajubu |first=Oyeronke |url=https://doi.org/10.1353/book4731 |title=Women in the Yoruba Religious Sphere |date=2003 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-8611-5}}</ref> Àwọn àṣà Yorùbá gba ìwà obìnrin wọlé gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá pàtàkì fún ìrírí tẹ̀mí.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olajubu |first=Oyeronke |date=2004 |title=Seeing through a Woman's Eye: Yoruba Religious Tradition and Gender Relations |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25002489 |journal=Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=41–60 |issn=8755-4178}}</ref> Àwọn obìnrin máa ń kópa gidigidi nínú àwọn àṣà ẹ̀sìn àti ìjọsìn, èyí tó ń mú ipa àti ìtóbi wọn pọ̀ sí i nínú ètò ẹ̀mí.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oládémọ |first=Oyèrónké |url=https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479814022.001.0001 |title=Women in Yoruba Religions |date=2022-07-15 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-1-4798-1402-2}}</ref> Onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn Robert Voeks ṣàpèjúwe ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀sìn tó gba àwọn ohun àdáyébá gbọ́ pé wọ́n ní ẹ̀mí ([[animism|animistic]]), ó tẹnumọ́ ọn pé ó "fẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀ ṣinṣin sínú ibì kan".{{sfn|Voeks|1997|p=160}} Olúkúlùkù ẹni tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń gbìyànjú láti dé ìpé pé pérépéré àti láti rí kádàrá wọn ní [[Ọrun|Ọ̀run-Rere]] (ibùgbé tẹ̀mí fún àwọn tó ṣe rere àti ohun tó wúlò). Orí-inú ẹni gbọ́dọ̀ dàgbà kí ó lè bára mu pẹ̀lú "Ìpọ̀nrí" (Orí Ọ̀run ẹni).<ref name="Fate"/> Ìwà pẹ̀lẹ́, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti pípàròwà [[Odu Ifa|Ifá]], àti ìfọkànsìn tòótọ́ ti tó láti sọ orí-inú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn dọ̀tun.<ref name="YRM"/><ref name="Fate"/> Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ènìyàn tó ní ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì lè lo ọ̀nà ìbáṣepọ̀ tó rọrùn jùlọ láàrin [[Ori (Yoruba)|Orí]] wọn àti Alágbára jùlọ [[Ọlọrun|Olú-Ọ̀run]]: èyí ni Àwúre (ẹ̀bẹ̀ tàbí àdúrà) fún àtìlẹ́yìn àtọ̀runwá. Nínú èrò ìgbàgbọ́ Yorùbá, [[Olodumare|Olódùmarè]] ló ní [[aṣẹ|àṣẹ]] lórí ohun gbogbo tó wà. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ Ọ̀gá-ògo.<ref name="YRM"/> == Ìwé Mímọ́ == {{Main|Odù Ifá}} Àwọn ìwé mímọ́ Yorùbá ni a ń pè ní ''Odù Ifá'', èyí tó jẹ́ àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ mímọ́ tí wọ́n ń sọ lẹ́nu láti ìran dé ìran láàrin àwọn [[babalawo|Babaláwo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=What Is Ifa? |url=https://www.theifainstitute.org/what-is-ifa |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=THE IFA INSTITUTE |language=en-US |archive-date=5 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805152241/https://www.theifainstitute.org/what-is-ifa |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ní ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀, wọ́n pín in sí ìsọ̀rí mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́ta-lé-nígba (256), tàbí Odù, èyí tí a tún pín sí ẹsẹ. Ó ní í ṣe pẹ́kípẹ́kí pẹ̀lú ètò ìdáfá ti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, [[Ifá]]. Àwọn ẹsẹ Ifá yìí ní àwọn òwe, ìtàn, àti àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó kàn mọ́ gbogbo apá ìgbésíayé. ''Odù Ifá'' ni ìpìlẹ̀ ìmọ̀ tẹ̀mí Yorùbá, ó sì ti nípa lórí àwọn àwùjọ tẹ̀mí ní Amẹ́ríkà, gẹ́gẹ́ bíi [[Santería]]. Ifá ń tọ́ka sí òrìṣà Ọ̀rúnmìlà, ẹni tí wọ́n mọ̀ mọ́ ọgbọ́n, òye, àti [[divination|ìdáfá]].<ref name=":0" /> Ní ọdún 2005, [[UNESCO]] sọ àṣà ''Odù Ifá'' di ọ̀kan lára Àwọn Iṣẹ́-Ọnà Ọ̀rọ̀-ẹnu àti Ogún Àìlèfojúrí ti Ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) káríayé.<ref name=":0" /> == Ìmọ̀ Ìṣẹ̀dá Àgbáyé (Cosmology) == * [[Olodumare|Olódùmarè]] ** [[Irunmole|Irúnmọlẹ̀]] *** [[Orisha|Òrìṣà]] **** [[Veneration of the dead|Òkú]] (Baba-ńlá/Ìyá-ńlá) ***** [[Human|Alàyè]] (Ènìyàn) ****** [[Animal|Ẹranko]], [[Plant|Ohun ọ̀gbìn]], àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. ===Olódùmarè=== {{Main|Olodumare}} [[Olodumare|Olódùmarè]] jẹ́ ẹni tí a gbàgbọ́ pé Ó jẹ́ Ẹlẹ́dàá Gíga Jùlọ àti orísun gbogbo ìṣẹ̀dá nínú ìgbàgbọ́ Yorùbá. Ohun gbogbo tó wà—Òrìṣà, ènìyàn, ẹranko, ẹ̀dá, àti àwọn agbára tẹ̀mí—wá láti ọ̀dọ̀ Olódùmarè. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ayàwòrán àtọ̀runwá fún àgbáyé, Olódùmarè ni ó ní àṣẹ tí ó ga jùlọ, òun sì ni olùfúnni ní àṣẹ, agbára mímọ́ tí ń ṣètọ́jú tí ó sì ń fi agbára fún gbogbo ìyè.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Awo |first=Ifagbemi |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Yoruba_Spiritual_Training_Manual_The/_5o3EQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |title=The Yoruba Spiritual Training Manual |publisher=Michael Perez |year=2024 |isbn=979-8990901810 |edition=First |location=United States |pages=24-25 |language=English}}</ref> Olódùmarè ni "ipò ìwà-láàyè" tó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ.<ref name="God"/> "Wọ́n" ni olúwa gbogbo orí, nítorí pé lásìkò ìṣẹ̀dá ènìyàn, Olódùmarè fún ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn ní "èmí" (èémí ìyè). Nínú èyí, Olódùmarè ga jùlọ.<ref name="God">{{cite book|title= Olódùmarè: God in Yorùbá Belief|author=Bolaji Idowu|author-link=Bolaji Idowu|location=Ikeja, Nigeria|publisher=Longman|year= 1982|isbn=0-582-60803-1}}</ref> Bóyá ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ìsapá ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn tó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ tí wọ́n gbé ga nínú [[Odu Ifa|Odù Ifá]] ni ìlékè láti mú "Ìwà" ẹni sunwọ̀n sí i. Nípa báyìí, àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ náà kọjá ẹ̀kọ́ ẹ̀sìn lásán, ó ń gba ènìyàn níyànjú pé ó tún gbọ́dọ̀ mú kí àwùjọ, ìbáṣepọ̀, àti òye rẹ̀ sunwọ̀n sí i; gbogbo ''Odù'' ti korpus Ifá mímọ́ ní apá kan tó ń sọ nípa ìwúlò "Ìwà". Kókó nínú èyí ni kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ ìwà òdodo, yálà ti ẹnìkan tàbí ti àkójọpọ̀.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ifaspeaks.blogspot.com/2011/02/odu-ifa-iwori-meji-ifa-speaks-on.html|title=Odù-Ifá Iwòrì Méjì; Ifá speaks on Righteousness|author=Ifaloju|publisher=S.S. Popoola, Ifa Dida, Library, INC|date=February 2011|access-date=8 April 2012|website=Ifa Speaks...}}</ref> ===Ìṣẹ̀dá=== Àwọn ẹlẹ́sìn Yorùbá gba [[Olodumare|Olódùmarè]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbára pàtàkì fún ìṣẹ̀dá.<ref>{{Citation|last=Opoku|first=Kofi Asare|title=African traditional religion: An enduring heritage|work=Religious Plurality in Africa|year=1993|publisher=DE GRUYTER|doi=10.1515/9783110850079.67|isbn=978-3-11-085007-9|url=http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/itcj/vol16/iss1/25 }}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ìtàn Yorùbá nípa [[creation myth|ìṣẹ̀dá]], ní ìpele kan nínú ètò náà, wọ́n rán "òtítọ́" jáde láti fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ bóyá àwọn ayé tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ dá dára láti gbé. [[Earth|Ayé]] tí a wà yìí wà lára wọn, wọ́n bẹ̀ ẹ́ wò ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n rí i pé ó tutù jù fún ìgbé-ayé tó gbámúṣé.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Halliday|first=William D.|date=2018-09-08|title="Half-Earth: Our Planet's Fight for Life" by Edward O. Wilson, 2017. [book review]|journal=The Canadian Field-Naturalist|volume=132|issue=1|pages=78|doi=10.22621/cfn.v132i1.2129|issn=0008-3550|doi-access=free}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn àkókò kan, wọ́n rán ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òrìṣà tí [[Obatala|Ọbàtálá]] lékè wọn wá láti ran ayé lọ́wọ́ láti mú ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ le. Nínú ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìbẹ̀wò wọn sí ilẹ̀ ayé, òrìṣà ńlá Ọbàtálá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìkarahun kan ([[mollusc]]) tó gbé irúfẹ́ erùpẹ̀ kan pamọ́, àwọn ẹranko abìyẹ (winged beasts), àti nǹkan kan tó dà bí aṣọ. Wọ́n da àwọn nǹkan yìí sórí ohun tí ó padà di ebè ńlá lójú omi, lẹ́yìn náà ni àwọn ẹranko abìyẹ náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fọ́n erùpẹ̀ náà ká títí tí ó fi dàpọ̀ di ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ńlá; onírúurú kòtò tí wọ́n dá padà di àwọn òkè àti àfonífojì.<ref name="Yoruba">{{cite book|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/abstract/10.1093/acref/9780195102758.001.0001/acref-9780195102758-e-319?rskey=hcxXT3&result=309|title=Yoruba|chapter=Yoruba Creation|year=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510275-8|access-date=2010-04-30}}</ref> Ọbàtálá bẹ́ sórí ilẹ̀ gíga yẹn ó sì sọ ibẹ̀ ní [[Ife|Ifẹ̀]]. Ilẹ̀ náà tutù, àwọn ewéko sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í hù dádá. Pẹ̀lú ẹ̀kúnwọ́ erùpẹ̀, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í mọ àwọn ère ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn (figurines). Ní báyìí, bí èyí ṣe ń lọ lórí ilẹ̀ Ayé, Olódùmarè kó àwọn gáàsì (gases) jọ láti àwọn ibi tó jìnnà rẹ́rẹ́ ní òfuurufú ó sì dá ìbúgbàù kan tó yí padà di ìṣù iná (fireball). Ó tì í wá sí Ifẹ̀, níbi tó ti sọ púpọ̀ nínú ilẹ̀ náà di gbígbẹ tó sì tún ń yan àwọn ère ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn náà níná. Ní àkókò yìí ni Olódùmarè fẹ́ "èémí ìyè" jáde láti fẹ́ kọjá lórí ilẹ̀ náà, àwọn ère náà sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yípadà díẹ̀díẹ̀ di "alààyè" gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ènìyàn àkọ́kọ́ ní Ifẹ̀.<ref name="Yoruba"/> Nítorí èyí, àwọn ènìyàn tún máa ń pe Ifẹ̀ ní "Ifẹ̀ Ọ̀ọ̀dáyé" – "ibi tí ayé ti bẹ̀rẹ̀".<ref name="God"/><ref>{{harvnb|Leeming|Leeming|2009}} – entry {{cite book|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/abstract/10.1093/acref/9780195102758.001.0001/acref-9780195102758-e-319?rskey=hcxXT3&result=309|title=Yoruba|chapter=Yoruba Creation|year=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510275-8|access-date=2010-04-30}}</ref> ===Irúnmọlẹ̀=== {{main|Irunmọlẹ}} Àwọn [[Irunmọlẹ|Irúnmọlẹ̀]] jẹ́ àwọn ẹ̀dá àkọ́kọ́ tí [[Olorun|Ọlọ́run]] rán wá láti parí àwọn iṣẹ́ tí a yàn fún wọn, wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárinà láàrin ''Òde Ọ̀run'' àti ''Ilé Ayé''.<ref name="Religion">J. Olumide Lucas, ''The Religion of the Yorubas'', Athelia Henrietta PR, 1996. {{ISBN|0-9638787-8-6}}</ref> Nítorí náà, a lè ṣàpèjúwe àwọn Irúnmọlẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn òrìṣà tí ipò wọn ga jùlọ; níbi tí a ti gba irúfẹ́ àwọn òrìṣà bẹ́ẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn òrìṣà pàtàkì. Àwọn Irúnmọlẹ̀ tàbí Ìmọlẹ̀ ni àwọn òrìṣà ìpìlẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́. Ní àkópọ̀, gbogbo Ìmọlẹ̀ jẹ́ Òrìṣà, ṣùgbọ́n kì í ṣe gbogbo Òrìṣà ni Ìmọlẹ̀. ===Òkú=== [[File:Egungun and child.jpg|thumb|alt=Egúngún (Ará Ọ̀run) pẹ̀lú ọmọ-ọwọ́.|Egúngún (Ará Ọ̀run) pẹ̀lú ọmọ-ọwọ́.]] [[File:Egungun-Yoruba.jpg|thumb|alt=Egúngún (Ará Ọ̀run)|Egúngún (Ará Ọ̀run)]] Nínú ẹ̀sìn àti àṣà Yorùbá, Òkú jẹ́ ìmọ̀ tó díjú tó sì ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá tó gba onírúurú ẹ̀ka ikú, ìgbésíayé lẹ́yìn ikú, àti ìbáṣepọ̀ láàrin àwọn alààyè àti àwọn òkú. Wọ́n sábà máa ń túmọ̀ Òkú sí "the dead," ṣùgbọ́n ó gbé ìtumọ̀ tó jìn gan-an tó kọjá kíkalẹ̀ (iku) lásán.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oripeloye |first1=Henri |last2=Omigbule |first2=Morufu Bukola |title=The Yoruba of Nigeria and the ontology of death and burial. |journal=Death Across Cultures: Death and Dying in Non-Western Cultures |date=2019 |pages=193-205}}</ref> Òkú ń tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ènìyàn láti inú ayé àwọn alààyè sí ayé àwọn òkú àti ìrìn-àjò tó kàn fún ẹni tí ó sùn láti lọ sí ìkọ̀lé ọ̀run. Òkú jẹ́ apá kan ìgbésíayé ẹ̀dá, ikú sì jẹ́ ìyípadà sí ìpele tuntun ti ìwàláàyè dípò kí wọ́n kà á sí òpin patapata.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Awe |first1=Solomon Kolawole |title=Existentialist Concerns in Africa: The Yorùbá Perspectives of Death and Suicide. |journal=Language, Literature and Culture |date=2019 |volume=2.2 |pages=41-48}}</ref> Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn òkú ń báa nìṣó láti kópa nínú ìgbésíayé àwọn ọmọ wọn lẹ́yìn àti pé wọ́n lè nípa lórí àwọn alààyè ní onírúurú ọ̀nà.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oripeloye |first1=Henri |last2=Omigbule |first2=Morufu Bukola |title=The Yoruba of Nigeria and the ontology of death and burial. |journal=Death Across Cultures: Death and Dying in Non-Western Cultures |date=2019 |pages=193-205}}</ref> Nípa bẹ́ẹ̀, Òkú tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú èrò "ará ọ̀run," èyí tó ń tọ́ka sí àyè ẹ̀mí tàbí ayé àwọn òkú.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Famule |first1=Olawole Francis |title=Art and Spirituality: The Ijumu Northeastern-Yoruba Egúngún. |date=2005 |publisher=The University of Arizona |page=64}}</ref> Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn òkú ń gbé nínú ayé tẹ̀mí yìí, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbé tí wọ́n sì ń bára wọn sọ̀rọ̀ títí kan àwọn alààyè. Jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ, àfihàn Òkú lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ni [[Egungun|Egúngún]], èyí tó gbé ẹ̀mí àwọn baba-ńlá wọ̀ tí wọ́n sì sábà máa ń lò láti bá àwọn òkú sọ̀rọ̀ àti láti bọlá fún ìrántí wọn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lawal |first1=Babatunde |title=Aworan: representing the self and its metaphysical other in Yoruba art. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_art-bulletin_2001-09_83_3/page/498 |journal=The Art Bulletin |date=2001 |volume=83.3 |pages=498-526}}</ref> [[Egungun|Egúngún]] ni àwòrán àrífojúkò àṣà Òkú lórí ilẹ̀ ayé, èyí tó pọkànpọ̀ sọ́rọ̀ fífún àwọn baba-ńlá ní ọlá àti ọ̀wọ̀.<ref name=Adepegba>{{cite book|last=Adepegba|first=C.O.|title=. Yoruba Egungun: Its association with ancestors and the typology of Yoruba masquerades by its costume|year=1984|publisher=University of Ibadan|location=Ibadan, Nigeria}}</ref> [[Egungun|Egúngún]] ní àwọn agbára tẹ̀mí láti bá àwọn baba-ńlá sọ̀rọ̀, pẹ̀lú àṣà Òkú ti wíwá ìbùkún àti ìdáàbòbò látọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òkú tàbí baba-ńlá. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ó yẹ kí a mọ̀ pé àṣà [[Egungun|Egúngún]] kì í ṣe àfihàn Òkú nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ní àwọn àbùdá àti pàtàkì wọn tó dá yàtọ̀, èyí tó sinmi lórí ibi tí wọ́n ti ń yọ. Egúngún lè ní àwọn ètò, ayẹyẹ, àti àṣà tirẹ̀ tó yàtọ̀ sí ti Òkú, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé àwọn méjèèjì bára wọn tan tímọ́tímọ́.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Famule |first1=Olawole Francis |title=Art and Spirituality: The Ijumu Northeastern-Yoruba Egúngún. |date=2005 |publisher=The University of Arizona |page=64}}</ref> Nítorí náà, àwọn Yorùbá lè pe Egúngún ní "Òkú ará ọ̀run," tó túmọ̀ sí "Òkú ti inú ọ̀run" tàbí "Òkú àwọn ẹ̀mí." Orúkọ yìí ń tọ́ka sí ìbáṣepọ̀ tímọ́tímọ́ láàrin Egúngún àti àṣà Òkú, ó sì ṣe àfihàn ipa Egúngún gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn àwọn baba-ńlá àti ibùgbé ẹ̀mí. == Àkójọpọ̀ Òrìṣà àti Ajogun == [[File:Osun Osogbo Festival of Yoruba Water Deity 08.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Ìwọ́jọ àwọn olùfọkànsìn [[Oshun|Ọ̀ṣun]]]] {{Main|Orisha|Ajogun|List of Yoruba deities}} Àwọn [[Orisha|Òrìṣà]], ({{Langx|yo|Òrìṣà}}) jẹ́ àwọn ẹ̀dá tó ní agbára láti ṣàfihàn díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ohun tó ṣẹlẹ̀ látọ̀dọ̀ Olódùmarè. Ìtumọ̀ ''Òrìṣà'' Yorùbá lóòrèkóòrè (wọ́n sábà máa ń túmọ̀ rẹ̀ sí "orí àkànṣe/tí a yàn") ni pé wọ́n jẹ́ alárinà láàrin ẹ̀dá ènìyàn àti ẹ̀dá ẹ̀mí/àtọ̀runwá. Wọ́n ti túmọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ yìí sí "Deities", "Divinities" tàbí "Gods" (Àwọn Òrìṣà/Ọlọ́run).<ref>[http://organizations.uncfsu.edu/ncrsa/journal/v03/johnsonoyinade_yoruba.htm The Concept of God: The People of Yoruba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711141759/http://organizations.uncfsu.edu/ncrsa/journal/v03/johnsonoyinade_yoruba.htm |date=11 July 2020 }} for the acceptability of the translation</ref> Wọ́n ń bọ̀wọ̀ fún àwọn Òrìṣà fún wíwà ní ìdarí lórí àwọn nǹkan kan gangan nínú ìṣẹ̀dá. Nítorí náà ni wọ́n tún fi ń pè wọ́n ní ''Ìmọlẹ̀'' nígbà mìíràn. Lára wọn, àwọn kan wà tó jọ àwọn akikanjú ìtàn àtijọ́ àti/tàbí [[Philosopher|ọlọ́gbọ́n]] jù bí wọ́n ṣe jọ òrìṣà àkọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Religion"/> A lè pe àwọn wọ̀nyí ní [[Dema Deity|òrìṣà ìbílẹ̀ (dema deities)]]. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé wọ́n sábà máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ náà Òrìṣà fún àwọn ẹ̀ka [[Non-physical entity|ẹ̀dá]] ẹ̀mí méjèèjì, èyí àkọ́kọ́ ló yẹ gan-an.<ref name="Religion"/> Ní ọwọ́ kejì ẹ̀wẹ̀, a lè ṣàpèjúwe àwọn [[Ajogun|Ajogun]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbára búburú, olùparun tàbí agbára ìkà nínú ayé. Wọ́n wà ní ipele agbára kan náà pẹ̀lú Òrìṣà ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ta kò wọ́n wọ́n sì ń bá Orí ẹni jà. Wọ́n ń dúró fún apá kejì nínú ìgbésíayé Yorùbá tó ń jẹ́ '''Ire''', tó túmọ̀ sí oore tàbí kíkó ara pọ̀ pẹ̀lú kádàrá ẹni, tàbí '''Ibi''', tó sábà máa ń túmọ̀ sí ibi tàbí wíwà níyàtọ̀ sí kádàrá ẹni.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Awo |first=Ifagbemi |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Yoruba_Spiritual_Training_Manual_The/_5o3EQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |title=The Yoruba Spiritual Training Manual |publisher=Michael Perez |year=2024 |isbn=979-8990901810 |edition=First |location=United States |pages=24-25 |language=English}}</ref> Tí a bá fọ́ ọ̀rọ̀ náà Ajogun sí wẹ́wẹ́, ó wá láti ara ọ̀rọ̀; ''A + Jẹ + Ogun'', tó túmọ̀ gbàà sí; "Ẹni tí ó ń jẹ/tí ó ń gbé orí ìyọnu/ogun". Wọ́n sábà máa ń pe Ajogun ní "àwọn jagunjagun" tó ń bá ẹ̀dá-[[human|ènìyàn]] jagun. Nínú wọn, àwọn Ajogun pàtàkì mẹ́jọ wà tí 'Ikú' jẹ́ aṣáájú wọn.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ogunnaike |first1=Oludamini |title=Deep Knowledge: Ways of Knowing in Sufism and Ifa, Two West African Intellectual Traditions |date=26 October 2020 |publisher=Penn State Press |isbn=978-0-271-08763-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJ6YEAAAQBAJ&dq=ajogun&pg=PA212 |access-date=22 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Àwọn Yorùbá ti ṣe àkójọpọ̀ ńlá fún àwọn òrìṣà, kọ̀ọ̀kan wọn ti fẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀ nínú ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ìlànà àti àṣà wọn. Ọ̀pọ̀ nínú àwọn wọ̀nyí ti dé ipò ti kárí-Yorùbá tí wọ́n sì mọ̀ wọ́n kárí gbogbo ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, kódà ó ti kọjá [[Yorubaland|Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] wọ inú àwọn àṣà àti ìgbàgbọ́ àwọn aládùúgbò wọn, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé wọ́n lè ní ìsopọ̀ tó lágbára tàbí tímọ́tímọ́ mọ́ àwọn àdúgbò, iṣẹ́ tàbí ẹ̀ka-ilẹ̀ kan jákèjádò ilẹ̀ Yorùbá.{{Sfn|McKenzie|2023}} Wọ́n sọ pé ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún wọn ló wà; nínú èyí tí Irúnmọlẹ̀ jẹ́ irínwó-ó-lé-kan (401) ní àpapọ̀; Igba Ọ̀tún (200 fún ọwọ́ ọ̀tún), Igba Òsì (200 fún ọwọ́ òsì) àti ọ̀kan dín-dín (tí wọ́n fi ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ pé ènìyàn kò mọ iye wọn gangan). == Àpèjúwe àti Ìṣesí Àwọn Òrìṣà Pàtàkì == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width: 7%;" | Òrìṣà ! scope="col" style="width: 6%;" | Àwọn orúkọ mìíràn ! scope="col" style="width: 72%;" | Àpèjúwe àti ìṣesí (Description and attributes) ! Àwòrán ! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Ibùgbé Ayé & ojúbo rẹ̀<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alabi |first1=Adetayo |title=Oral Forms of Nigerian Autobiography and Life Stories |date=19 August 2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-42886-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rlw1EAAAQBAJ&dq=esu+ijelu&pg=PT46 |access-date=27 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Origunwa |first1=Obafemi |title=Fundamentals of Òrìsà Lifestyle |date=20 May 2015 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-329-15169-7 |page=127 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MSzRCQAAQBAJ&dq=osun+ijumu&pg=PA127 |access-date=27 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |- | '''[[Ori (Yoruba)|Orí]]''' | | Orí jẹ́ Òrìṣà àkọ́kọ́ nínú ilé àti aláàbò tí gbogbo ènìyàn ń bọ ní [[Yorubaland|Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]], gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùtọ́jú kádàrá. Nítorí náà, wọ́n ń bọ Orí kí ènìyàn lè ní kádàrá rere. Nígbà tí ènìyàn bá ní ìwà tó dára, yóò ní ìṣọ̀kan pẹ̀lú Orí tàbí ẹ̀mí rẹ̀. Àwòrán tí ó dúró fún Orí ni wọ́n sọ pé ó jẹ́ owó ẹyọ mọ́kànlélógójì (41) tí a tò pọ̀ bí adé, èyí tí wọ́n sábà máa ń tọ́jú sínú àpótí ńlá kan tí a ń pè ní '''Ilé Orí''' tí a fi ohun kan náà ṣe, tí ó sì tóbi tó bí ẹni tó fẹ́ ẹ ṣe lágbára láti fẹ́ ẹ tó.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gbadegesin |first1=Segun |title=African philosophy: Traditional Yoruba philosophy and contemporary African realities |date=1991 |publisher=Peter Lang |location=New York |pages=27–59}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Camara |first1=Louis |title=Le choix de l'Ori: conte |date=1996 |publisher=Xamal |location=Saint-Louis, Senegal}}</ref> |[[File:Symbol of the inner head (ibori) Africa Nigeria Yoruba people 19th-20th century leather glass beads cowrie shells Dallas Museum of Art.jpg|Symbol of the inner head (shibori) Africa Nigeria Yoruba people 19th-20th century leather glass beads cowrie shells Dallas Museum of Art|100px]] | _______ |- | '''[[Orunmila|Ọ̀rúnmìlà]]''' | '''Àgbọnìrègún'''<br /> '''Ẹlẹ́rìí Ìpín'''<br /> '''Ẹ̀là'''<br /> '''Àjànà'''<br /> '''Òkìtìbìrí''' | Àlùfáà-àgbà fún Yorùbá, ọlọ́gbọ́n àti olùtọ́jú ọ̀rọ̀ Ifá, orísun [[knowledge|ìmọ̀]] tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó ń ṣe àkóso ìmọ̀ nípa [[human body|ẹ̀dá ènìyàn]], [[Virtue|mímọ́]], àwọn oògùn àrùn àti àbùkù. Àwọn [[Babalawo|Babaláwo]] jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yìn, àlùfáà, àti aṣíwájú Ọ̀rúnmìlà. Ìmọ́lẹ̀ Ifá fúnrarẹ̀ ni a ń pè ní ''Ẹ̀là''. Àwọn Babaláwo àti Ìyánífá máa ń pe ìmọ́lẹ̀ Ẹ̀là nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń ké pe ọ̀kùnkùn Ọ̀rúnmìlà. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ gba Ọ̀rúnmìlà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan náà tàbí aṣojú Ẹ̀là, wọ́n sì sábà máa ń fọ́ orúkọ rẹ̀ sí (''Ọ̀run mí Ẹ̀là'') tó túmọ̀ sí; ''Ọ̀run tàn ìmọ́lẹ̀''. Nítorí náà, Ifá, Ọ̀rúnmìlà àti Ẹ̀là, gbogbo rẹ̀ jẹ́ apá kan ìmọ́lẹ̀ àtọ̀runwá tó ń ṣí àwọn nǹkan tó farasin payá - yálà nínú ìgbà àtijọ́, ìgbà yìí tàbí ọjọ́ ọ̀la.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kumari |first1=Ayele |title=Isese Spirituality Workbook |date=23 June 2020 |publisher=Ayele Kumari |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pPsDwAAQBAJ&dq=orunmila+okiribiti&pg=PA61 |access-date=22 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, ifá.JPG|100px]] |[[Ado Ekiti|Adó Èkìtì]]. (Ibùgbé) <br /> ________<br /> [[Ile Ife|Ilé Ifẹ̀]]. (Orísun) |- | '''[[Eshu|Èṣù (Ẹlẹ́gbáa)]]''' | '''Láróyè''' <br /> '''Bàrà''' <br /> '''Láàlú''' <br /> '''Ògiri Òkò''' <br /> '''Ọ̀dàrà'''<br />'''Látọ́pa''' | Wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣì í túmọ̀ sí "Èṣù" (The Devil) tàbí "Ẹlẹ́mìí Búburú", ṣùgbọ́n Èṣù kì í ṣe ìkankan nínú wọn tòótọ́. Wọ́n pè é ní "Aláwàdà/Ẹlẹ́tàn" (The Trickster), ó ń pín jamba fún àwọn tí kò bá rọni lọ́rùn tàbí tí kò rúbọ tàbí àwọn tí wọ́n pè ní ''ọmọ-ọwọ́ nínú ẹ̀mí''. Wọ́n tún gba òun gẹ́gẹ́ bí "òjíṣẹ́ àtọ̀runwá", olùgbéèrò àkọ́kọ́ láàrin àwọn agbára búburú àti rere nínú ara, àti olùfipá-mú "òfin ìwà-láàyè" ṣẹ. Wọ́n sọ pé ó ń rànwọ́ láti fún agbára tí ó wá láti inú oògùn ewébe àti àwọn irúfẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀mí mìíràn. Èṣù ni Òrìṣà fún oríre, jamba àti ohun àìròtẹ́lẹ̀. Nítorí pé òun ni agbẹnusọ Ọlọ́run, ó sì mọ oríṣiríṣi èdè, Èṣù ni ó gbé ẹrù iṣẹ́ kíkó ìhìn àti ẹbọ lọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn sí Ọlọ́run lókè. Ó tún gbajúmọ̀ fún agbára nínú ìbáṣepọ̀ (phallic powers) àti ìgboyà, wọ́n sọ pé Èṣù máa ń sápamọ́ sẹ́nu ọ̀nà, lópópó-ònà àti ní ìkóríta, níbi tí ó ti ń sọ oríre tàbí àgbákò di ara ìgbésíayé ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn. A mọ̀ ọ́ pẹ̀lú onírúurú orúkọ, títí kan Ẹlẹ́gbára.<ref>{{cite book|title=Tales of Yoruba Gods and Heroes|first=Harold|last=Courlander|isbn=978-0517500637|publisher=Crown Pub|date=March 1973|url=https://archive.org/details/talesofyorubagod00cour}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, 1968, axù.JPG|100px]] |[[Ketu (Benin)|Kétu]], [[Benin]].{{Sfn|McKenzie|2023}} (Ibùgbé)<br />_______<br /> Ìjẹ̀lú, [[Ekiti people|Èkìtì]]. (Ibùgbé)<br />_______<br /> [[Igbeti|Ìgbẹ́tì]], [[Oyo State|Ọ̀yọ́]]. (Ojúbo) <br />_______<br /> Ìwòrò, [[Lagos State|Èkó]].{{Sfn|McKenzie|2023}} (Ojúbo) |- | '''[[Oko (orisha)|Òrìṣà Oko]]''' |'''Àjàngele''' | Òrìṣà fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, pápá gbangba àti abúlé. Wọ́n mọ̀ ọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ajagun sí iṣẹ́ aje, ọdẹ tó sin ajá tó sì tún ní fèrè - wọ́n yìn ín fún ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ohun eèlò iṣẹ́-àgbẹ̀. Ó jẹ mọ́ ayẹyẹ ìkórè iṣu tuntun lọ́dọọdún. Oyin ni òjíṣẹ́ rẹ̀, tí a bá sì pèsè [[Egusi|Ẹ̀gúsí]] (melon) nínú èso ''Bara'' (tàkìtì) ni ẹbọ tó fẹ́ràn jùlọ.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olupona |first1=Jacob Kẹhinde |last2=Rey |first2=Terry |title=Òrìşà Devotion as World Religion: The Globalization of Yorùbá Religious Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QlW3ZMxrCKMC&dq=ajangele&pg=PA114 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |access-date=27 September 2024 |language=en |date=2008|isbn=978-0-299-22464-6 }}</ref> Òrìṣà Oko ni wọ́n máa ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ pẹ̀lú ọ̀pá gígùn tó ní okùn Bàbà (copper) tí wọ́n wé mọ́ ẹnu rẹ̀ (''Ọ̀pá Òrìṣà Oko'') àti fèrè eyín erin. [[Kaolinite|Ẹfun]] (White chalk) àti ìlẹ̀kẹ̀ ẹyọ (ilarere) ni àwọn awo ọkùnrin rẹ̀ máa ń lò.<ref name="Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá">{{cite book |last1=Adeoye |first1=C. L. |title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá |date=1989 |publisher=Evans Bros. Nigeria Publishers |location=Ibadan, Nigeria|isbn=9781675098 |pages=270–279}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Prandi |first1=Reginaldo |title=Aimó: Uma viagem pelo mundo dos orixás |date=2017 |publisher=Editora Seguinte |isbn=978-8543809670 |page=200}}</ref> | [[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, orixá oko.JPG|100px]] |[[Ifẹ̀]], [[Osun State|Ọ̀ṣun]]. (Ibùgbé, Orísun)<br />_______<br /> [[Atisbo|Ìràwọ̀]], [[Oyo State|Ọ̀yọ́]]. (Ibùgbé)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olupona |first1=Jacob Kẹhinde |last2=Rey |first2=Terry |title=Òrìşà Devotion as World Religion: The Globalization of Yorùbá Religious Culture |date=2008 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |isbn=978-0-299-22464-6 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QlW3ZMxrCKMC&dq=Obatala+iranje&pg=PA115 |access-date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |- | '''[[Ogoun|Ògún]]''' | '''Lákáayé''' <br /> '''Aládá Méjì'''<br /> '''Ọṣìn Ìmọlẹ̀''' <br /> '''Alágbẹ̀dẹ''' | Òrìṣà irin, ogun, ìṣẹ́gun àti iṣẹ́ [[metallurgy|fífọ́-irin]]. Gbogbo àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú irin àti ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ló ń bọ ọ́.<ref name="Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barnes |first1=Sandra |title=Africa's Ogun: Old World and New |date=1997 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=0253-332516}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, 1968, ogun 01.JPG|100px]] |[[Ile Ife|Ilé Ifẹ̀]], [[Osun State|Ọ̀ṣun]]. (Orísun)<br />_______<br /> [[Ire Ekiti|Ìrè]], [[Ekiti people|Èkìtì]]. (Ibùgbé)<br />_______<br />[[Shaki, Oyo|Ṣakí, Ọ̀yọ́]]. (Ìsopọ̀) |- | '''Bàyànni''' | '''Dàda''' <br /> '''Àjàká''' <br /> '''Báyọ̀ni''' | Bàyànni tàbí Dàda-Àjàká jẹ́ arakùnrin Ṣàngó àti ọmọkùnrin [[Oranyan|Ọ̀rànmíyàn]] mìíràn. Ó jẹ́ Aláàfin Ọ̀yọ́ ṣáájú Ṣàngó, ó sì tún jẹ ẹ́ lẹ́yìn rẹ̀. Ó jẹ́ Òrìṣà ìbí, fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọmọdé tí wọ́n ní irun orí tó ta kókó-kókó (Dàda) wọ́n sì sábà máa ń sopọ̀ mọ́ ọrọ̀ àti aásìkí. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìtàn kan, Dàda Àjàká jẹ́ arakùnrin fún Ṣàngó nítòótọ́, nígbà tí Bàyànni jẹ́ obìnrin àti arábìnrin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=PhD |first1=Patricia Monaghan |title=Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines |date=1 April 2014 |publisher=New World Library |isbn=978-1-60868-218-8 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj5OAwAAQBAJ&dq=bayanni+orisha&pg=PA6 |access-date=14 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n agbára àwọn ènìyàn méjèèjì yìí ti parapọ̀ di púpọ̀. Ó ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ́kípẹ́kí pẹ̀lú agbègbè [[Yewa|Yewa/Ẹ̀gbádò]], àmì rẹ̀ jẹ́ adé owó ẹyọ pẹ̀lú àwọn okùn kẹ́kẹ́kẹ́ pẹ̀lú orí rẹ̀ tó yọ ṣónṣó (''Ṣónṣó Orí'') tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''Adé Bàyànni''.<ref>{{cite web |title=X77.903 Ade Bayanni (cowrie crown) {{!}} Fowler Museum at UCLA |url=https://fowler.ucla.edu/product/x77-903-ade-bayanni-cowrie-crown/ |website=Fowler museum at UCLA |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, 1968, bayánni.JPG|100px]] |[[Oyo Empire#Oyo Ile|Ọ̀yọ́ Ilé]]. (Ibùgbé, Orísun) |- | '''[[Yemọja]]''' | '''Àwòyó''' <br /> '''Olódò''' <br />'''Mọjẹlẹ́wù'''<br />'''Yemaja''' |Ìyá fún Odò Ògùn tó ń ṣàn láti àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ òkè ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ (''[[Onko|Òkè Ògùn]]''), kọjá ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn àti ìlú Abẹ́òkúta, kí ó tó ṣàn sínú ọ̀sà Èkó (''Ọ̀sà''); àwọn odò kéékèèkéé àti omi rẹ̀ ni wọ́n yàsọ́tọ̀ fún Ìyẹmọjá kárí Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá; Ìyá tẹ̀mí fún Ṣàngó. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn Olórìṣà ṣe sọ, òun ni omi tó ń ṣọ́ oyún nínú abiyamo ([[amniotic fluid]]), àti ọmú tó ń fọ́mọ lọ́mú. Wọ́n gba òun gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbára ààbò fún obìnrin. Orúkọ rẹ̀ wá látara àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ náà; ''Yèyé-Ọmọ-Ẹja'' - Tó túmọ̀ sí; ''Ìyá àwọn ọmọ ẹja'', èyí tó jẹ́ àkàwé fún àwọn odò omi tó ní ẹja nínú títí kan adágún àti òkun.<ref>{{cite web |last1=M. Smith |first1=Omari Tunkara |title=Manipulating the Sacred, Yoruba Art, Ritual and Resistance in Brazilian Candomble |url=https://womrel.sitehost.iu.edu/REL%20300%20Spirit/REL%20300_Spirit/Tunkara_Yemoja_Manipulatingsacred.pdf |website=iu.edu |access-date=28 July 2023 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728160922/https://womrel.sitehost.iu.edu/REL%20300%20Spirit/REL%20300_Spirit/Tunkara_Yemoja_Manipulatingsacred.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ||[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, yemanjá, recorte.JPG|100px]] |[[Ile Ife|Ilé Ifẹ̀]], [[Osun State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun]]. (Orísun)<br />_______<br /> [[Shaki, Oyo|Ṣakí]], [[Oyo State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́]]. (Ibùgbé) <br />_______<br /> Ìbàrà, [[Abeokuta|Abẹ́òkúta]], [[Ogun State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn]]. (Ojúbo) |- | '''[[Oshun|Ọ̀ṣun]]''' | '''Yèyé''' <br /> '''Ládékojú'''<br /> '''Ẹ̀wùjí''' | Ìyàwó kejì fún Ṣàngó, wọ́n sọ pé ó rọ̀ wọ inú odò ní Òṣogbo. Àwọn àlùfáà Yorùbá fún un ní ẹ̀bùn ìwà púpọ̀, ẹwà àti ojú-aáyan, ó ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ ẹ̀mí wíwá ìyédáńtọ́ àti ìṣípòpadà fún àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀. Wọ́n pọ̀ ọ́ mọ́ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbára, pẹ̀lú agbára láti fi omi tútù woni sàn, ríranlọ́wọ́ fún ọmọ-bíbí, àti ìkápá lórí ìwà-obìnrin. Àwọn obìnrin ń bẹ̀ ẹ́ fún ọmọ-bíbí àti ìtura àwọn àrùn obìnrin. Àwọn ìtàn Yorùbá sọ pé ó fẹ́ràn àwọn ọmọdé, wọ́n sì máa ń wá ìrànlọ́wọ́ rẹ̀ tí ọmọ-ọwọ́ bá ń ṣàìsàn. Ọ̀ṣun tún gbajúmọ̀ fún ìfẹ́ tó ní sí oyin, àti pé ọ̀ni (crocodiles) ni oníṣẹ́ rẹ̀. Àwọn nǹkan tó bá Ọ̀ṣun pọ̀ ṣọ̀kàn ni; Abẹ̀bẹ̀ idẹ, Àjà idẹ (brass bells), Ìdè, Àdá idẹ, Ìkótí idẹ (brass hair pins), Ìkóódẹ (red parrot feathers) àti Òòyà idẹ.<ref name="Monaghan2014">{{cite book|last1=Monaghan|first1=Monaghan|title=Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines|date=2014|publisher=New World Library|isbn=9781608682188|page=15}}</ref><ref name="Murrell2009">{{cite book|last1=Murrell|first1=Nathaniel Samuel|title=Afro-Caribbean Religions: An Introduction to Their Historical, Cultural, and Sacred Traditions|date=2009|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=9781439901755|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9h5KDRfZ-JgC&pg=PA35}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, oxun.JPG|100px]] | Ìgèdè, [[Ekiti people|Èkìtì]]. (Ibùgbé, Orísun)<br />_______<br /> [[Ijumu|Ìjùmú]], [[Kogi State|Kogi]]. (Orísun) <br />_______<br />[[Osogbo|Òṣogbo]], [[Osun State|Ọ̀ṣun]]. (Igbo Mímọ́) |- | '''[[Shango|Ṣàngó]]''' | '''Jákúta''' <br /> '''Ọba Kòso''' | Òrìṣà fún àrá àti mànàmáná.<ref name=ges>{{cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=George Eaton |date=December 1962 |title=The Shango Cult in Nigeria and in Trinidad |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/667846 |journal=[[American Anthropologist]] |volume=64 |issue=6|page=1205 |doi=10.1525/aa.1962.64.6.02a00050 |jstor=667846 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref> Wọ́n so mọ́ agbára ọkùnrin, iná, mànàmáná, òkúta, àwọn jagunjagun Ọ̀yọ́, àti òòfà. Wọ́n sọ pé ó ní agbára láti yí àwọn nǹkan lásán padà sí ohun tó mọ́ tó sì níyebíye. Òun ni [[Oba (ruler)|Ọba]] [[Oyo Empire|Ọ̀yọ́]] ní àsìkò kan nínú ìtàn rẹ̀. Ó gba orúkọ-ìnagijẹ rẹ̀ "Ọba Kòso" (The king does not hang) látara ìtàn àìkú rẹ̀. Ṣàngó ni Òrìṣà edùn-àrá, tí wọ́n sọ pé ó ṣàkóso ilẹ̀-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ àtijọ́. Wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí Jákúta àti Ọba Kòso.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ojebodé |first1=Ayokúnmi O. |title=Eulogizing the Big Man: Murals as Royal Art in Ọ̀yó Aláàfin Palace |journal=Delos |date=2023 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–119}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Thieme |first1=Darius L. |title=A descriptive catalogue of Yoruba musical instruments |date=1969 |publisher=The Catholic University of America}}</ref> Àwọn ìyàwó rẹ̀ ni Ọya, Ọ̀ṣun àti Ọbà.<ref name=ges/> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, 1968, xango.JPG|100px]] | [[Oyo Empire#Oyo Ile|Ọ̀yọ́ Ilé]]. (Ibùgbé) <br />_______<br /> Kòso, [[Kwara State|Kwara]]. (Ojúbo) |- |'''[[Erinle|Erinlẹ̀]]''' |'''Ẹyinlẹ̀''' | Ọdẹ ńlá, apẹja àti Òrìṣà omi, kò ní ìyàwó ó sì gbé ní etí Odò Erinlẹ̀. Wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ fún aṣàwòtán ńlá. Àwọn ìtàn kan fi í joyè ìṣẹ̀dá àṣà kíkọ '''Ìjálá''', ewi-ẹnu ìbílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ọhùn ìmú (nasal twang) èyí tí àwọn ọdẹ máa ń kọ jù (tí wọ́n sì máa ń pọ̀ mọ́ Ògún) nítorí ìdánìkanwà rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barnes |first1=Sandra T. |title=Africa's Ogun: Old World and New |date=22 June 1997 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-11381-8 |page=148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UwAAQAAQBAJ&dq=erinle+ajagbusi&pg=PA148 |access-date=27 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Wọ́n máa ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn òkúta dúdú dídán láti inú [[Erinle River|Odò Erinlẹ̀]], odò kékeré kan tó ń ṣàn sínú [[Osun River|Odò Ọ̀ṣun]] nítòsí Ẹdẹ, èyí tí wọ́n fi sínú ìkòkò amọ̀ tó kún fún omi. Àwọn nǹkan rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọ̀pá irin tó ní orí tàbí ẹ̀ka tó gbé ẹyẹ lórí.<ref>{{cite book|title= Yoruba: nine centuries of African art and thought |first1= Henry John |last1= Drewal |first2= John |last2= Pemberton |first3= Rowland |last3= Abiodun |first4= Allen |last4= Wardwell |publisher= Center for African Art |date= 1989 |url=https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/media/1627/Reduced%2520Yoruba_9_Centuries_Chap_6_part_2.pdf |isbn=978-0-8109-1794-1}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, 1968, ibualama.JPG|100px]] |Àjàgbúṣì.<br />_______<br />[[Ilobu|Ìlọbùú]], [[Osun State|Ọ̀ṣun]]. (Gbùngbùn){{Sfn|McKenzie|2023}} |- | '''[[Oya|Ọya]]''' |'''Ìyásàán''' <br /> '''Àràká''' <br /> '''Òrìrí''' | Ìyàwó kẹta fún ẹni tí ó ti fìgbà kan jẹ́ [[Oba (ruler)|Ọba]] [[Oyo Empire|Ọ̀yọ́]] tí ń jẹ́ Ṣàngó, ó mọ̀ pé òun náà ní ìbínú gbigbona tó jọ ti Ṣàngó wọ́n sì sọ pé ó rọ̀ wọ inú [[River Niger|Odò Ọya]] (River Niger). Ó jẹ́ òrìṣà afẹ́fẹ́ líle, ìjì, aláàbò ilẹ̀-òkú, ìjì-líle àti ìyípadà. Ó ní agbára láti yí padà láàrin àwòrán ènìyàn àti ẹranko ó sì ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ́kípẹ́kí pẹ̀lú ẹfọ̀n ([[African buffalo]]). Wọ́n tún pè é ní ''Ìyá àwọn Mẹ́sàn-án'' (Ìyá-èsán) nítorí ẹ̀ka mẹ́sàn-án odò náà. Nítorí agbára ara rẹ̀ àti ìwà rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí òrìṣà jagunjagun-obìnrin, wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ ní wíwà pẹ̀lú ọkọ rẹ̀ Ṣàngó. Òun ni Òrìṣà àtúnbí.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Washington |first1=Teresa N. |title=The architects of existence: Aje in Yoruba cosmology, ontology, and orature. |date=2014 |publisher=Oya's Tornado}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, iansan.JPG|100px]] | Ìrá, [[Oyun]], [[Kwara State|Kwara]]. (Ibùgbé) <br />_______<br />[[1st arrondissement of Porto-Novo|Okọ̀rọ̀]], [[Porto-Novo|Àjàṣẹ́]], [[Ouémé Department|Benin]]. (Tẹ́ḿpìlì Ìyá Abẹsan)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Verger |first1=Pierre |title=Notes sur le culte des Orisa et Vodun à Bahia: la Baie de tous les saints au Brésil et à l'ancienne Côte des esclaves en Afrique |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XmdTAAAAYAAJ&q=abesan+porto+novo |publisher=IFAN |access-date=22 August 2023 |language=fr |date=1970}}</ref> |- |'''[[Osanyin|Òsanyìn]]''' | '''Àrọ̀nì''' |Òsanyìn jẹ́ ọlọ́run ewébe tí ó lágbára jùlọ pẹ̀lú àṣẹ lórí gbogbo àwọn tó bá ewéko àti idán lò.{{Sfn|McKenzie|2023}} Wọ́n ṣàpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹlẹ́yọ-ojú, ọlọ́wọ́-kan, àti ẹlẹ́sẹ̀-kínní, ó jẹ́ Òrìṣà ewébe, ohun-ọ̀gbìn, idán, oògùn àti ìwòsàn. Wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣàpèjúwe Òsanyìn gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òrìṣà to máa ń gba àwòrán àrùn tí wọ́n ń pè é láti wòsàn tàbí ṣe òògùn rẹ̀. Ó tún ṣojú fún agbára-méjì àti ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ẹ̀dá àti ọ̀nà-méjì agbára ewébe; 'Ohun tí ó lè mú ọ láradá tún lè ṣe ọ́ léṣè tí a bá lò ó ní ọ̀nà tí kò tọ́ tàbí tí a ṣi lò.' Ohun rẹ̀ ni [[Osanyin staff|Ọ̀pá Òsanyìn]]. Ọ̀pá yìí jẹ́ ohun ìyíká àwọn ẹyẹ kékeré àti igi kan láàrin tó gbé ẹyẹ ńlá kan sókè ju àwọn kékeré lọ.<ref>{{cite book | last = Adeoye | first = C. L. | title = Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùba | publisher = Evans Bros. Nigeria Publishers | location = Ibadan | year = 1989 | isbn = 9781675098 | pages = 214–219 | language = Yoruba}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, 1968, ossaniyn 01.JPG|100px]] |[[Ikole|Ìsaba, Ìkọ̀lé]], [[Ekiti state|Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì]]. (Ibùgbé, Orísun). |- |'''[[Babalu-Aye|Ọbalúayé]]''' |'''Ṣọ̀pọ̀ná''' <br /> '''Babalú Ayé''' <br />'''Ọmọlú''' <br />'''Olóde''' <br />'''Sapata''' |Itumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni "Ọba ayé" àti òrìṣà tí gbogbo ayé bẹ̀rù púpọ̀, wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí [[Sopona|Ṣọ̀pọ̀ná]], Ọmọlú tàbí Sapata, Òrìṣà tí ó ni àrùn àti àìsàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó ní agbára láti fi Ṣọ̀pọ̀ná (smallpox), Ẹ̀tẹ̀, Ikọ́-ẹ̀gbẹ (Tuberculosis) àti àwọn àrùn tí ń ràn kálẹ̀ jẹni-níyà, wọ́n tún so ó mọ́ mímú àradá bá àwọn tí ń ṣàìsàn rẹ̀. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún ogún (1917), Ìjọba Amúnisìn ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Nàìjíríà fi òfin de Ọbalúayé nítorí pé wọ́n rò pé àwọn olùfọkànsìn rẹ̀ ń mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ tan Ṣọ̀pọ̀ná kálẹ̀. Àwọn òǹkọ̀wé lẹ́yìn náà kò fara mọ́ àwọn èrò / àbá ti tẹ́lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí. Àwọn awo Ṣọ̀pọ̀ná máa ń dènà títànkálẹ̀ àwọn àrùn tí ń ràn kálẹ̀ nípa jíjẹ́ ẹni tó ń rí sí yíyọ àwọn òkú àti ohun-ìní àwọn tó kú nítorí rẹ̀ kúrò. Àwọn awo Ṣọ̀pọ̀ná dàbí ẹni pé wọ́n mọ̀ nípa ààbò àti ewu kòkòrò àrùn náà, wọ́n sì sábà máa ń fọ́ àwọn ènìyàn lábẹ́rẹ́ fún àrùn náà pẹ̀lú gbígbẹ́ awọ-ara.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parrinder |first1=Geoffrey |title=West African Religion: A Study of the Beliefs and Practices of Akan, Ewe, Yoruba, Ibo, and Kindred Peoples |date=17 September 2014 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-4982-0492-7 |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAOQBAAAQBAJ&dq=shopona+four+principal+deities+with+his+own+sacred+day&pg=PA41 |access-date=24 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, obá 2.JPG|100px]] | |- |'''[[Yewá]]''' |'''Yeruwa''' <br /> '''Ìyáwá''' <br /> '''Ìyẹwá''' <br /> |Òrìṣà fún [[Yewa River|Odò Yewa]] tí a so mọ́ ibojì, ìmọ́lẹ̀, ẹwà, àlá àti idán. Ó ń gbé nínú ibojì pẹ̀lú Ọbà àti Ọya. Ó ń mú ẹ̀mí tọ arábìnrin rẹ̀ Ọya wá èyí tó túmọ̀ sí pé òun ni olùbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún gbogbo ìyípadà tó bá ń ṣẹlẹ̀. Ọ̀rọ̀ tàbí ariwo kò jẹ́ ohun gbigba ní tòsí àwọn ibi ìjọsìn rẹ̀. Ìtàn (pataki) tún wà nípa bí òrìṣà yìí ṣe lo ọgbọ́n láti tan Ikú fúnra rẹ̀. Bákan náà, wọn kò gbọdọ̀ bọ Yewá ní tòsí Ṣàngó gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìtàn (pataki) ti sọ pé ó ṣe ìwà-ipá ìbálòpọ̀ sí i. Yewá tún wà fún kíkẹ́ ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn pẹ̀lú àlá àti ìrònú.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Africa and the Americas: Interconnections during the Slave Trade |publisher=Africa World Press |year=2005 |editor-last=Curto |editor-first=José C. |chapter=R. Yewa |editor-last2=France |editor-first2=Renée Soulodre-La}}</ref> Orúkọ rẹ̀ 'Ìyẹ́ wá' tàbí 'Ìyá wá' túmọ̀ sí 'Ìyá Wa.{{Sfn|McKenzie|2023}} |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, ewá.JPG|100px]] |[[Ado-Odo]], [[Ogun State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn]]. (Ìsopọ̀) |- |'''[[Obatala|Ọbàtálá]]''' |'''Òrìṣàlá''' <br /> '''Òṣàlúfọ́n''' <br />'''Òṣàgìrìyàn''' <br /> '''Olúwa Ayé''' <br />'''Oṣẹ̀rẹ̀màgbó''' |A tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí ''Òrìṣà-ńlá/Òòṣàlá'', tó túmọ̀ sí "Òrìṣà ńlá," àti ''Òrìṣà Funfun''. A tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí Baba-Ọ̀run (Skyfather). Wọ́n sábà máa ń fi í wé mímọ́ (purity), a sì máa ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú "Alá," tàbí aṣọ funfun, àti "Ẹfun," (white chalk). Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nǹkan tí wọ́n fi ń dá Ọbàtálá mọ̀ sábà máa ń jẹ́ funfun tàbí báláú. Wọ́n kà á sí Ẹlẹ́dàá Ayé àti ẹni tó ń mọ àwòrán ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn pẹ̀lú amọ̀. A tún mọ̀ ọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aláàbò fún àwọn tó ní àbùkù-ara. Ìyàwó rẹ̀ tó fẹ́ràn jùlọ ni Yemòwó (Yèyé Mowò). Ní ibùgbé rẹ̀ ní [[Ifon Osun|Ifọ́n]], a mọ̀ ọ́ sí orúkọ ''Òṣàlúfọ́n'', nígbà tí ó ń jẹ́ ''Òṣàgìyán''/''Òṣàgìrìyàn'' ní [[Ejigbo|Èjìgbò]], èyí jẹ́ aṣojú Ọbàtálá méjì tó gbajúmọ̀. Ẹbọ rẹ̀ ni Ìgbín ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà.<ref name="Probst 2011 p.">{{cite book | last=Probst | first=Peter | title=Osogbo and the Art of Heritage | publisher=Indiana University Press | publication-place=Bloomington | date=2011 | isbn=978-0-253-22295-4 | page=17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lynch |first=Patricia Ann |title=African mythology A to Z |publisher=Facts on file |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8160-4892-2 |edition=1st |series=Mythology A to Z |location=New York |pages=84-85}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, oxalufan.JPG|100px]] |[[Oke Ora#History|Òde Ìrànjé (Ìdẹ̀ta), Ifẹ̀]]. (Orísun, Ibùgbé) <br />_______<br />[[Ifon Osun|Ifọ́n]], [[Osun State|Ọ̀ṣun]]. (Ìsopọ̀)<br />_______<br />[[Ejigbo|Èjìgbò]], [[Osun State|Ọ̀ṣun]]. (Ìsopọ̀) |- |'''[[Aganju|Aganjù]]''' | '''Aganjùṣọlá''' |Pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀, "òkùnkùn aginjù," Aganjù ní ìbátan tímọ́tímọ́ pẹ̀lú Ṣàngó a sì kà á sí Òrìṣà aginjù, aṣálẹ̀, òkè iná (volcanoes), àti ihà. Ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, ó jẹ́ ọba ilẹ̀-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ (Ẹ wo; Aláàfin Aganjù ṣọlá) kí ó tó sọ di òrìṣà lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀. Òun ni aláàbò fún ìrìn-àjò jíjìn, wọ́n sọ pé ó máa ń rìn pẹ̀lú idà ní àwọn ìrìn-kèsekèse bí ẹni pé ó ń bẹ lórí ohun-ìdènà, a sì mọ̀ ọ́ pé ó ń jà nípa yíyọ iná, ní ìyàtọ̀ sí Ṣàngó tí ó ń jà pẹ̀lú mànàmáná nígbà tí ó ń ju [[Thunderstone (folklore)|ẹdùn àrá]]. Ohun rẹ̀ ni àáké-olóyú-méjì ([[double axe]]) tó jọ ti Ṣàngó ṣùgbọ́n tí ó ní ọ̀pá gígùn jùlọ.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pinn |first1=Anthony |chapter=Orisha Worship in the United States |date=2000 |title=Down by the Riverside: Readings in African American religion |publisher=New York University Press |pages=243–255}}</ref> | |[[Oyo Empire#Oyo Ile|Ọ̀yọ́ Ilé]]. (Ibùgbé) |- |'''[[Oshosi|Ọ̀ṣọ́ọ̀sì]]''' |'''Ọ̀ṣọ́wùsì''' <br /> '''Ọdẹ Mẹ́ta''' |Òun ni Òrìṣà ìrìn-àjò-akíkanjú, iṣẹ́ ọdẹ àti igbó, ó sì tún jẹ́ aláàbò míràn fún àwọn ọdẹ. Òun ni ògbóǹtarìgì tafàtafà (Wọ́n pè é ní 'tafàtafà àwọn Òrìṣà') wọ́n sì máa ń ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ ní gbogbo ìgbà pé ó di ọrun àti ọfà pẹ̀lú àpò (''Apó''). Agbára rẹ̀ máa ń farahàn nínú ìyára àti isọ́yẹ ọfà rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìgbéraga rẹ̀ nínú ìyára ọpọlọ àti ara rẹ̀. Ohun rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọrun ọfà idẹ (''Ọrún'') pẹ̀lú okùn owó-ẹyọ tí ó ṣọ̀ láti ara rẹ̀, àti ìkòkò irin kéékèèkéé tí ó kún fún àwọn ọfà kékeré (''Ọfà'')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Robert Farris |title=Flash of the Spirit: African & Afro-American Art & Philosophy |date=26 May 2010 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-307-87433-7 |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzOIY4iHSjAC&dq=osanyin&pg=PA42 |access-date=18 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, oxossi 01.JPG|100px]] |Ìdó. |- |'''[[Olokun|Olókun]]''' |'''Malòkun''' <br /> '''Ṣẹ̀níadé''' |Agbára ìwáṣẹ̀ kan tí ó ti wà ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìṣẹ̀dá, Olókun, tó túmọ̀ sí "Olóhun òkun" jẹ́ ẹni tí a tún mọ̀ sí Ìmọlẹ̀ Òkun. Olókun ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìṣẹ̀dá gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òrìṣà abẹ̀yà-méjì tó ń ṣàkóso ìbú òkun àti gbogbo omi orí ilẹ̀ kí Ọbàtálá tó wá dá ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ. Àwọn ni òbí fún Òrìṣà Ajé àti Ọlọ́sà wọ́n sì ṣàpẹẹrẹ ọrọ̀, ìwòsàn, àti gbígbòòrò òkun.<ref name="Harvey2015">{{cite journal|last1=Harvey|first1=Marcus|title=Engaging the Orisa: An Exploration of the Yoruba Concepts of Ibeji and Olokun as Theoretical Principles in Black Theology|journal=Black Theology|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=61–82|issn=1476-9948|doi=10.1558/blth2008v6i1.61|s2cid=144995131}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Adeoye | first = C. L. | title = Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùba | publisher = Evans Bros. Nigeria Publishers | location = Ibadan | year = 1989 | isbn = 9781675098 | pages = 227–236 | language = yo}}</ref><ref name=ClarkSanteria2007>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Mary Ann|title=Santería : correcting the myths and uncovering the realities of a growing religion|year=2007|publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=978-0-275-99079-4|pages=62}}</ref> | |[[Ile Ife|Ilé Ifẹ̀]], [[Osun State|Ọ̀ṣun]]. (Orísun, Ibùgbé) |- |'''Ajé''' |'''Ṣàlùgá''' <br />'''Ògúgúlùso''' |Kí a má ṣe gbé èyí dọ́ti [[Iyami Aje|Ìyàmi Àjẹ́]], wọ́n tún ń pè é ní Ajé Ṣàlùgá. Ajé ni àpẹẹrẹ àti òrìṣà ọrọ̀ àti àṣeyọrí nínú ọrọ̀-ajé. Ó tún jẹ́ aláàbò fún àwọn oníṣòwò, oníṣẹ́-ajé, àti àwọn ọjà. Ọ̀rọ̀ Yorùbá fún ọjọ́ ajé (Monday), wọ́n ń pè é ní Ajé nítorí pé ó sábà máa ń jẹ́ ọjọ́ àkọ́kọ́ nínú ọ̀sẹ̀ tí àwọn ọjà máa ń ṣí.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verger |first1=Pierre Fatumbi |title=Orixás |date=1985 |publisher=Corrupio |location=Salvador, Bahia, Brazil}}</ref> | |- |'''[[Oduduwa|Odùduwà]]''' |'''Ọlọ́fin Àdìmúlà''' <br /> '''Ọṣìn Ọ̀rà''' <br />'''Ọlọ́fin Ayé''' |A gba Odùduwà gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdásílẹ̀ àwọn Yorùbá àti Ọba Ifẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́, a tún so ó mọ́ òrìṣà ìṣẹ̀dá abẹ̀yà-méjì kan. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ Yorùbá, àti pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọba wọn, polongo pé a tẹ̀ wá láti ara Odùduwà. Òun ni baba tàbí baba-ńlá fún Ọ̀rànmíyàn, Ṣàngó, Àjàká, Ọbàlùfọ̀n, àti àwọn Ọba Ifẹ̀ mìíràn. Wọ́n tún kà á sí baba-ńlá fún àwọn Ọba Ilẹ̀-Ọba Benin. Ó jẹ́ Òrìṣà ilẹ̀ ayé àti olùdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ [[Ogboni|Ògbóni]] èyí tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ìlú mímọ́ Ifẹ̀ tí wọ́n sì gbé ojúṣe títọ́jú ètò àwùjọ lé wọn lọ́wọ́.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nwanyanwu |first1=O. J. |last2=Opajobi |first2=Bola |last3=Olayinka |first3=Sola |title=Education for Socio-economic & Political Development in Nigeria |date=1997 |publisher=Visual Resources |isbn=978-978-34467-0-0 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99tCAQAAIAAJ&q=oke+ora+ife |access-date=1 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Law|first=R. C. C.|date=1973|title=The Heritage of Oduduwa: Traditional History and Political Propaganda among the Yoruba|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1973_14_2/page/207|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=14|issue=2|pages=207–222|doi=10.1017/S0021853700012524|jstor=180445|s2cid=148987750 |issn=0021-8537}}</ref> | |[[Oke Ora|Òkè Ọ̀rà]]. (Orísun, Ibùgbé)<br />_______<br /> [[Ife|Ilé Ifẹ̀]]. (Ibùgbé) |- |'''[[Ọba|Ọbà]]''' |'''Ibú''' |Ìyàwó àkọ́kọ́ àti ẹni-àgbà fún [[Shango|Ṣàngó]], òun ni Òrìṣà fún [[Oba River|Odò Ọbà]], òun tún ni Òrìṣà ìdílé, agbára, ìrìn, àti ìṣàn àkókò àti ìyè. Wọ́n mọ̀ ọ́ jùlọ fún bí àwọn ìyàwó Ṣàngó tókù ṣe tàn án láti rẹ́ etí rẹ̀ kí ó sì fi jẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀ Ṣàngó.<ref name="Yoruba concepts of the soul">{{cite book |last1=Bascom |first1=William |title=Men and Cultures |chapter=Yoruba Concepts of the Soul |year=2017 |orig-date=1960 |pages=401–410|doi=10.9783/9781512819526-065 |isbn=978-1-5128-1952-6 }}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú àwọn obìnrin mẹ́ta tó sún mọ́ Ṣàngó, wọ́n fi wé kurukuru tí ń wá pẹ̀lú gbogbo ìjì-líle.{{Sfn|McKenzie|2023}} |[[File:Carybè, rilievi degli orixas, obá.JPG|100px]] |} == Ipa rẹ̀ == {{Main|Timeline of Yoruba history#10th century AD}} === Ẹ̀sìn àwọn ọmọ Áfíríkà lókè-òkun === Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Adams Abdullahi Suberu ti sọ, àwọn Yorùbá jẹ́ ọlọ́gbọ́n-ìlú ti wọ́n tàn káàkiri gbogbo àgbáyé láìní ìrírí ti tẹ́lẹ̀;<ref name="History">{{cite book|title=A history of the Yoruba people|first=Prof S. A.|last= Akintoye|publisher=Amalion Publishing|year= 2010|isbn=978-2-35926-005-2|id= {{ASIN|2359260057|country=uk}}}}</ref> fífẹ̀ àṣà wọn yá dá lórí ìṣíípòpadà—ìṣíípòpadà tó ṣẹṣẹ ṣẹlẹ̀ nípa ti [[Atlantic slave trade|òwò-ẹrú lókè-òkun]], àti pẹ̀lú rírí àwọn Yorùbá ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà àti Benin ṣí kúrò lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà, UK, Brazil, àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn ní ayé àti Yúróòpù. Lásìkò ṣáájú ìmúnisìn (pre-colonial period), ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn Yorùbá ni wọ́n mú lẹ́rú tí wọ́n sì tà sínú òwò-ẹrú wọ́n sì gbé wọn lọ sí [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[Cuba]], [[Colombia]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|St. Vincent & The Grenadines]], [[Uruguay]], [[Venezuela]], àti àwọn apá mìíràn. Wọ́n gbé ìgbàgbọ́ ẹ̀sìn wọn dání. Èrò yìí papọ̀ sínú ohun tí ó wá di apá pàtàkì nínú "New World lineages" èyí tí ó jẹ́ oríṣiríṣi àwọn ẹ̀sìn Áfíríkà tòde òní tó ṣẹ̀ wá láti ara Yorùbá:<ref name="History"/><ref name="Santeria">{{cite book|title=Santería Enthroned: Innovation in an Afro-Cuban Religion|first=David H.|last= Brown (Ph.D.)|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year= 2003|isbn=0-226-07610-5}}</ref><ref name="Concept">{{cite book|title=The Handbook of Yoruba Religious Concepts|first=Baba Ifa |last= Karade|publisher=Weiser Books|location= York Beach, New York|year=1994|isbn=0-87728-789-9}}</ref> * [[Candomblé]] ([[Brazil]], [[Argentina]], [[Uruguay]]) * [[Santería]] ([[Cuba]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Dominican Republic]]) * [[Trinidad Orisha]] ([[Trinidad and Tobago]]) * [[María Lionza|Venezuelan spiritism]] ([[Venezuela]]) * [[Spiritual Baptist]] ([[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|St. Vincent & The Grenadines]]) * [[Umbanda]] ([[Brazil]], [[Argentina]], [[Uruguay]]) Ní ọdún 1989, wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn tó lé ní àádọ́rin mílíọ̀nù (70 million) kárí Áfíríkà àti New World ló ń kópa nínú ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá ní onírúurú ọ̀nà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mark |first=Joshua J. |title=Orisha |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Orisha/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> Ìgbàgbọ́ [[West African Vodun|Vodun]], èyí tó ṣẹ̀wá látàrí ẹ̀yà mìíràn (àwọn ènìyàn tó ń sọ [[Gbe languages|èdè Gbe]] ní [[Benin]], [[Togo]], àti [[Ghana]] tòde-òní), ní àwọn kókó tó ní ipa lórí àwọn [[African diaspora|ọmọ Áfíríkà lókè-òkun]] nínú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bíi [[Haiti]] àti [[Cuba]], bẹ́ẹ̀ náà ni ní [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]] nínú [[United States|Amẹ́ríkà]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Fandrich|first1=Ina J.|title=Yorùbá Influences on Haitian Vodou and New Orleans Voodoo| url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-black-studies_2007-05_37_5/page/775|journal=Journal of Black Studies|volume=37|issue=5 (May)|pages=775–791|year=2007|jstor=40034365|doi=10.1177/0021934705280410|s2cid=144192532}}</ref> Ní [[Latin America|Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà]], ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá ti wà nínú [[Syncretism|ìmúkòópọ̀ ẹ̀sìn]] tí ó lágbára pẹ̀lú [[Christianity|ẹ̀sìn Kìrìstẹ́nì]], [[Indigenous religions in Brazil|ẹ̀sìn ìbílẹ̀]], àti [[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritism]] láti ìgbà àwọn àlejò Áfíríkà àkọ́kọ́. Ní Brazil, ẹ̀sìn [[Umbanda]] wáyé látara ìbáṣepọ̀ tó gbòòrò nínú àwọn ìgbàgbọ́ tí Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà pèsè. Àwọn ẹlẹ́sìn [[Umbanda]] sábà máa ń ka ara wọn sí ẹlẹ́sìn-ọlọ́run-kan ([[Monotheism|Monotheistic]]), ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń bọlá fún àwọn [[Catholic Saints|ẹni mímọ́ Kátólíìkì]] àti [[Orisha|Òrìṣà]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn látọ̀dọ̀ Ọlọ́run tàbí gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Tutelary deity|òrìṣà aláàbò]]. Ìjọsìn Umbanda tún fàyè gba àwọn ohun inú àṣà àwọn [[Native South American|ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà]] bíi lílo [[Tobacco|Tábà]] fún ayẹyẹ àti ìbáraẹnisọ̀rọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀mí jagunjagun Ìńdíà tó ti kú ([[Caboclo]]).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Engler |first1=Steven |title=Umbanda and Africa. |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |date=2012 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=13–35|doi=10.1525/nr.2012.15.4.13 }}</ref> Nínú fídíò àkọsílẹ̀ ti ọdún 1949 ''Fiestas de Santiago Apóstol en Loíza Aldea'', onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá-ènìyàn [[Ricardo Alegría]] ṣe àkíyèsí irúfẹ́ àṣà yìí ní [[Loíza, Puerto Rico]], ó sọ pé ìsopọ̀ tó wà láàrin àwọn ènìyàn aláwọ̀ dúdú ní agbègbè náà àti ẹni mímọ́ Kátólíìkì [[James, son of Zebedee|Santiago Apóstol]] lè jẹyọ látara bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí jagunjagun; kókó kan tó jọ díẹ̀ nínú àwọn àpèjúwe Ṣàngó àti Aganjù.<ref name="Hernández125">{{Harvnb|Hernández|2002|pp=125}}</ref> Èrò yìí ṣàbá pé wọ́n lo ìjọra yìí láti ọwọ́ àwọn ènìyàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà bòókẹ́lẹ́ láti bọlá fún òrìṣà baba-ńlá wọn.<ref name="Hernández125">{{Harvnb|Hernández|2002|pp=125}}</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), àwọn aṣíwájó Nàìjíríà tún ti mú ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá lọ sí Brazil.{{sfn|Schmidt|2014|p=139}} ===Japan=== {{Ill|Koshikawa Yoshiaki|ja|越川芳明}}, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n fún lítíréṣọ̀ ní [[Meiji University]], ló di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Japan àkọ́kọ́ tí wọ́n dá kọ láti di [[babalawo|Babaláwo]] ní ọdún 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gyoseki1.mind.meiji.ac.jp/mjuhp/KgApp?kyoinId=ymkogeygggy&Language=2|title=Faculty Database - Koshikawa Yoshiaki}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == === Àlàyé Ìsàlẹ̀-ìwé === {{Reflist}} === Ìwé Àkàkún (Bibliography) === *{{cite book| title=Ricardo Alegría: Una Vida| first=Carmen Dolores|last=Hernández|publisher=Centro de Estudios Avanzados del Caribe, Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades, Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, Academia Puertorriqueña de Historia|language=es|date=2002|isbn=1563282100}} * {{cite journal |last=Schmidt |first=Bettina E. |title=Spirit Possession in Brazil: The Perception of the (Possessed) Body |journal=Anthropos |year=2014 |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=135–147 |doi=10.5771/0257-9774-2014-1-135 |jstor=43861689 |url=https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/1763/1/43861689%20Anthropos_Spirit%20Possession.pdf }} * {{cite book |last=Voeks |first=Robert A. |title=Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil |location=Austin, TX |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=1997 |isbn=9780292787315}} * {{cite book |last1=McKenzie |first1=Peter |title=Hail Orisha!: A Phenomenology of a West African Religion in the Mid-Nineteenth Century |date=14 August 2023 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-66468-5 |page=28 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Hail_Orisha/ntv7EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=orisha+yewa&pg=PA28&printsec=frontcover |language=en}} == Kà Sí i == * Fayemi Fatunde Fakayode, "Iwure, Efficacious Prayer to Olodumare, the Supreme Force" {{ISBN|978-978-915-402-9}} * Chief S. Solagbade Popoola & Fakunle Oyesanya, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200207141213/http://www.alawoye.com/Ifa_Orunmila_%3A_Alawoye/Book_News_%26_Reviews/Entries/2008/1/9_Ikunle_Abiyamo_-_It_is_on_Bent_Knees_that_I_Gave_Birth%2C_.html Ikunle Abiyamo: The ASE of Motherhood] 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-9810013-0-2}} * Chief S. Solagbade Popoola Library, INC [https://web.archive.org/web/20080702201131/http://www.alawoye.com/Ifa_Orunmila_%3A_Alawoye/Ifa_Book_News_%26_Reviews/Entries/2008/6/1_Ifa_Didaa_-_Ifa_Consultation_for_the_Beginner_%26_Professional_.html Ifa Dida Volume One (EjiOgbe - Orangun Meji)]{{ISBN|978-0-9810013-1-9}} * Chief S. Solagbade Popoola Library, INC {{ISBN|978-1-926538-24-2}} * [http://www.spiritualtools.org/The-Way-of-the-Orisa-p110.html The Way of the Orisha] by Philip John Neimark: Publisher HarperOne; 1st edition (28 May 1993) {{ISBN|978-0-06-250557-6}} * ''Olódùmarè : God in Yoruba Belief'' by [[Bolaji Idowu]], Ikeja : Longman Nigeria (1982) {{ISBN|0-582-60803-1}} * Dr. Jonathan Olumide Lucas, "The Religion of the Yorubas", Lagos 1948, C. M. S. Bookshop. * {{cite book |title=A Dictionary of Creation Myths |first1=David Adams |last1=Leeming |first2=Margaret Adams |last2= Leeming |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |edition=Oxford Reference Online }} * {{cite book | author = Morales, Ed | title = The Latin Beat | publisher = Da Capo Press | year = 2003 | isbn = 0-306-81018-2 | url = https://archive.org/details/latinbeatrhythms00mora_0 }}, pg. 177 * [[Miguel A. De La Torre]], ''Santería: The Beliefs and Rituals of a Growing Religion in America'', 2004, {{ISBN|0-8028-4973-3}}. * Miguel R. Bances – Baba Eshu Onare, {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20121204174825/http://www.tratadosifasanteria.com/ Tratado Enciclopedico de Ifa]}}. Los 16 Meyis y sus Omoluos u Odus o Signos de Ifa. *{{cite book | title=The cradle of Yoruba culture | edition = Rev. | publisher=Institute of Yoráubâa Culture - Center for Spoken Words | author=Ológundúdú, Dayọ̀ |others=foreword by Akinṣọla Akiwọwọ | year=2008 | isbn=978-0-615-22063-5}} {{Portal|Traditional African religion}} == Àwọn Ìjápọ̀ Ìta == {{commons category}} * [http://www.photius.com/religion/yoruba.html Yoruban cosmology and mythology] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707103757/http://alawoye.com/Ifa_Orunmila_:_Alawoye/Eko_Ifa_Podcast/Eko_Ifa_Podcast.html Ifa Studies Podcast hosted by Awoyinfa Ifaloju on iTunes] * [http://www.naijavideos.com/channel/28/yoruba-movies/ Yoruba Movies & Films] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226231118/http://www.naijavideos.com/channel/28/yoruba-movies/ |date=26 February 2023 }} Yoruba Theatre is the origin of Nigeria's Nollywood, the equivalent of America's Hollywood. {{Orisa-Ifá}} {{Religion topics}} {{Afro-American Religions}} {{Yoruba topics}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yoruba Religion}} [[Category:Ẹ̀sìn ní Áfíríkà]] [[Category:Ẹ̀sìn ìbílẹ̀ Áfíríkà]] [[Category:Àṣà Yorùbá]] [[Category:Ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá| ]] s6u0rsq1sfnb4laeu72yzorbvo94wlm Sarraounia 0 79774 632147 616752 2026-08-19T18:48:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632147 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarraounia Mangou''' jẹ́ atókùn olorisa obìnrin tí ó jẹ́ èyà Azna ti [[Ọmọ Haúsá|Hausa]], tí wọ́n bá àwọn ọmọ ogun amúnisìn ti ilẹ̀ Faransé ti Voulet–Chanoine Mission jà ní Ogun Lougou (ní agbègbè ibikan tí a ó sì orílẹ̀- [[Niger (country)|èdè Niger]] lónìí) ní ọdún 1899. == Ìtàn ìgbésí ayé == ''Sarraounia'' túmọ̀ sí ''ayaba'' tàbí ''olórí obìnrin'' ní èdè [[Ọmọ Haúsá|Hausa]] . Fún àwọn ará Azna tí wọ́n jẹ́ onímọ̀ nípa ìsìn to ni ṣe pẹ̀lú igbagbo ninu isemi òun gbogbo ní Lougou àti àwọn ìlú àti abúlé Hausa tí ó yí wọn ká, orúko náà tọ́ka sí ìran àwọn olórí obìnrin tí wọ́n ni agbára ìṣèlú àti ti ẹ̀sìn. <ref name="alou2009">{{Cite journal|author=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|author-link=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|date=Spring 2009|title=Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_spring-2009_40_1/page/42|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=40|issue=1|pages=42–56|doi=10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42|jstor=30131185}}</ref> Sarraounia Mangou ló gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú àwọn Sarraounia, nítorí ìdúró rẹ̀ sí àwọn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ Faransé lákòókò Ogun Lougou ní ọdún 1899. Nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olórí ní Niger fi ara wọn fún agbára ilẹ̀ Faransé, <ref name="alou2009">{{Cite journal|author=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|title=Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAntoinette_Tidjani_Alou2009">[[Antoinette Tidjani Alou]] (Spring 2009). "Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership". ''Research in African Literatures''. '''40''' (1): <span class="nowrap">42–</span>56. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42|10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/30131185 30131185]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145389844 145389844].</cite></ref> Sarraounia Mangou kó àwọn ènìyàn àti àwọn ohun ìní rẹ̀ jọ láti kojú àwọn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ Faransé ti Voulet–Chanoine Mission, èyí tí ó kọlu olú ìlú olódi rẹ̀ ní Lougou . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Hares Sayed|title=War, Violence, Terrorism, and Our Present World: A Timeline of Modern Politics|publisher=[[Xlibris]]|year=2017|isbn=978-1543419009}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2020)">dara ju<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>orisun<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>nilo<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Nítorí agbára ìbọn alágbára àwọn ará Faransé tó lágbára jù, òun àti àwọn jagunjagun rẹ̀ sá kúrò ní inú ilé ìgbẹ́ won, wọ́n sì koju àwọn akọ̀nileru ilé Faransé nínú ìjà Abẹ́lé fún ìgbà pípẹ́, èyí tó mú kí àwọn ará Faransé fi ọ̀rọ̀ wọn láti ṣẹ́gun rẹ̀ sílẹ̀. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;</sup> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn àtọwọ́dọ́wọ́, ó jẹ́ àjẹ́ olójú pupa tí ó lè ju iná sí àwọn agbóguntì náà, tí ó sì tún lè pe ìrì láti ran wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti sá kúrò lọ́wọ́ ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ Faransé. Wọ́n sọ pé àwọn agbára rẹ̀ tún lè pa ẹsẹ̀ àwọn ọmọ ogun rẹ̀, ti gbogbo èso tí wọ́n bá jó di eérú sì máa ń dàgbàsókè ní alẹ́ kan pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ tó pọ̀ tó láti jẹ́ kí àwọn jagunjagun náà máa lé jagun nsọ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sarraounia dúró lórí ìkànnì fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ oṣù ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1899, ṣùgbọ́n nígbẹ̀yìn gbẹ́yín, wọ́n borí Lougou ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 1899, Sarraounia sì pòórá. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrissa|first=Rahmane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2_KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA426|page=426|title=Historical Dictionary of Niger|edition=5|date=2020-02-26|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-5381-2015-6|language=en}}</ref> == Nínú ìtàn àròsọ == O jẹ koko-ọrọ ti fiimu Odún 1986 ''Sarraounia'' ti o da lori aramada ''Sarraounia, le drame de la reine magicienne'', nipasẹ onkọwe Nigeri Abdoulaye Mamani . <ref name="alou2009">{{Cite journal|last=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|date=Spring 2009|title=Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAntoinette_Tidjani_Alou2009">[[Antoinette Tidjani Alou]] (Spring 2009). "Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership". ''Research in African Literatures''. '''40''' (1): <span class="nowrap">42–</span>56. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42|10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/30131185 30131185]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145389844 145389844].</cite></ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <references> <ref name="alou2009">{{Cite journal|author=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|author-link=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|date=Spring 2009|title=Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_spring-2009_40_1/page/42|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=40|issue=1|pages=42–56|doi=10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42|jstor=30131185}}</ref> </references> <references /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Ọdún ọjọ́ìbí kòsí (àwọn ènìyàn alààyè)]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìtàn ilẹ̀ Nìjẹ̀r]] 4bav9sb3n4q386oh800u69p504k7lcq Chikwenye Okonja Ogunyemi 0 79812 632171 616933 2026-08-19T19:32:20Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632171 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox writer|name=Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi|birth_date={{birth year and age|1939}}|birth_place=|occupation=University teacher|language=|nationality=Nigerian|movement=[[Womanism]]|notable_works=''Africa Wo/man Palava: The Nigerian novel by women'' (1996)}} '''Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi''' (tí a bí ní ọdún 1939) Ó jẹ́ ọ̀mọ̀wé ní ​​Nàìjíríà, olùṣe àkíyèsí ìwé àti òǹkọ̀wé. Ó kọ́ni ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Sarah Lawrence, a sì mọ̀ ọ́n dáadáa fún àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ àti ìwé rẹ̀ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ obìnrin àti àwọn ará Áfíríkà tí wọ́n ti wá sí àgbègbè mìíràn. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/ogunyemi-chikwenye-okonjo|access-date=7 April 2021|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == Ogunyemi ṣe ìwé ìròyìn Africa Wo/man Palava: Ìwé ìtàn àwọn obìnrin ní ọdún 1996. Ìwé náà ṣàyẹ̀wò iṣẹ́ àwọn òǹkọ̀wé obìnrin mẹ́jọ ní Nàìjíríà, irú wọn ni Zaynab Alkali, Simi Bedford, Buchi Emecheta, Funmilayo Fakunle, Flora Nwapa, Eno Obong, Ifeoma Okoye, àti Adaora Lily Ulasi. Ogunyemi gbé ẹ̀kọ́ tuntun kan kalẹ̀ lórí ìwé ìtàn Nàìjíríà, èyí tí ó dá lórí iṣẹ́ wọn. <ref name="UoC">{{cite web|title=Africa Wo/Man Palava|url=https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo3683673.html|website=University of Chicago Press|accessdate=3 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302211050/http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo3683673.html|archive-date=2 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìròyìn yìí jẹ́ ti obìnrin àti ti obìnrin, ṣùgbọ́n Ogunyemi tún sọ pé sísọ orúkọ di ọ̀rọ̀ òṣèlú àti nípa pípè ìlànà kan, kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ bìkítà fún àwọn òǹkọ̀wé. <ref name="Oduyoye">{{cite book|last1=Oduyoye|first1=Mercy|title=Introducing African women's theology|date=April 2001|publisher=Sheffield Academic Press|isbn=9780567622501|pages=124–125}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú àwọn alárìíwísí mìíràn bíi Helen Chukwuma àti Omolara Ogundipe-Leslie, Ogunyemi ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò àwọn èrò lẹ́yìn ìjọba amúnisìn, ó sì jiyàn lòdì sí iṣẹ́ àwọn “alárìíwísí oníṣẹ́-ọmọ”. <ref name="Nnolim">{{cite book|last1=Nnolim|first1=Charles E.|title=Issues in African literature|date=2010|publisher=Malthouse Press|isbn=978-9788422365|page=237}}</ref> Ogunyemi jẹ́ ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú ìwé àti alága ẹ̀kọ́ àgbáyé ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Sarah Lawrence ní Yonkers, New York. <ref name="Swallow">{{cite web|title=Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi · Ohio University Press / Swallow Press|url=https://www.ohioswallow.com/author/Chikwenye+Okonjo+Ogunyemi|website=www.ohioswallow.com|accessdate=3 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913010050/http://ohioswallow.com/author/Chikwenye+Okonjo+Ogunyemi|archive-date=13 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Tuzyline Jita Allan, Ogunyemi ṣe àtúnṣe àkójọ ìwé kan lórí àwọn àròkọ, tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́, ''Àwọn ìwé méjìlá tó dára jùlọ láti ọwọ́ àwọn obìnrin ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà: Àwọn ìwé kíkà pàtàkì'', èyí tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2009. <ref name="CWW">{{cite journal|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Sreemati|title=Twelve Best Books by African Women: Critical Readings. Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi and Tuzyline Jita Allan|journal=Contemporary Women's Writing|date=1 July 2010|volume=4|issue=2|pages=156–158|doi=10.1093/cwwrit/vpq005|language=en|issn=1754-1484}}</ref> == Àwọn iṣẹ́ tí a yàn == * {{Cite book|last1=Allan|first1=Tuzyline Jita|last2=Ogunyemi|first2=Chikwenye Okonjo|title=Twelve best books by African women: critical readings|date=2009|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-89680-266-7}} * {{Cite book|last1=Ogunyemi|first1=Chikwenye Okonjo|title=Juju Fission: Women’s Alternative Fictions from the Sahara, the Kalahari, and the Oases In-Between|date=2007|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-1-4331-0089-5}} * {{Cite book|last1=Ogunyemi|first1=Chikwenye Okonjo|title=Africa wo/man palava: The Nigerian novel by women|date=1996|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226620855}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Ogunyemi|first1=Chikwenye Okonjo|title=Womanism: The Dynamics of the Contemporary Black Female Novel in English|date=1985}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist|30em}} <references responsive="0"></references> == Kíkà síwájú síi == *  {{cite journal|last1=Arndt|first1=Susan|title=African Gender Trouble and African Womanism: An Interview with Chikwenye Ogunyemi and Wanjira Muthoni|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_spring-2000_25_3/page/709|journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|date=1 April 2000|volume=25|issue=3|pages=709–726|doi=10.1086/495479|issn=0097-9740}} == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==  {{Authority control}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1939]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] 6ava341451ptyt7tudxdjepuk66tuvg Obioma C. Nwaorgu 0 79822 632025 616995 2026-08-19T15:29:31Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Obioma Nwaorgu|image=<!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->|alt=<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->|caption=|birth_name=Obioma Chebechi Okolo|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1948}} <!-- For people who have died, use {{Birth date|1948|12|DD|df=y}}. -->|birth_place=|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->|death_place=|other_names=Chebechi Obioma Nwaorgu, Obioma C. Nwaorgu, Obioma Chebechi Nwaorgu|occupation=Parasitologist, Epidemiologist|years_active=1980–2023|known_for=|notable_works=}} '''Obioma Nwaorgu''' (tí a bí ní ọdún 1948)Onímọ̀ nípa àrùn parasitola àti àrùn àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn ní Nàìjíríà ni. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n tó ti ṣẹ̀ wá ní Yunifásítì Nnamdi Azikiwe (tí a mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ sí Ilé -ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ àti ti sáyẹ̀nsì ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra, lẹ́yìn náà ó ya ara rẹ̀ sọ́tọ̀ kúrò ní Yunifasiti ti ìmọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ ati Imọ-ẹrọ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu). Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Yunifásítì ti ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà àti yunifásítì ti Cambridge. Wọ́n rántí Nwaorgu fún ìwádìí àti àwọn ètò rẹ̀ láti pa àwọn kòkòrò tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àrùn kòkòrò bí I ẹ̀fórí, àrùn ojú, ibà . Ó jẹ́ olùwádìí àkọ́kọ́ lórí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìwádìí àrùn ilẹ̀ olóoru méjìlá tí àwọn àjọ eto ìwòsàn ní àgbáyé ṣe onígbọ̀wọ́ fún. Nwaorgu tún jẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ àti ààrẹ ti NGO ajọ iwádìí ilera àgbáyé àti Ìmọ̀lára (GHARF), èyí tí ó fún àwọn obìnrin àti ọ̀dọ́ ní ẹ̀kọ́ nípa ìlera àti ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ agbára. Ó di ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2011, ó sì tún jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Ọba ti Ìṣègùn Ojú Omi àti Ìmọ́tótó ti London. == Ìgbésí ayé ọmọdé, ẹ̀kọ́ àti ìdílé == Wọ́n bí Obioma Chebechi Okolo ní ọdún 1948 ní Nàìjíríà.{{sfn|Cambridge|1985|p=867}}{{sfn|''Boston City Directory''|1994}}[ Ó gba oyè Bachelor of Science nínú ìmọ̀ nípa ẹranko ní Yunifásítì Nàìjíríà, ní Nsukka, Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1973.{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}}{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}}Ó tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ nípa ẹranko ní Yunifásítì Cambridge ní England.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|pp=46–47}} Ní ọdún 1976 ní Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì St Mark ní Cambridge, Okolo fẹ́ ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ọmọ Nàìjíríà kan náà Joseph "Joe" Goziem Nwaorgu, ẹni tí ó ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ìṣàkóso ohun ìní ní Yunifásítì náà. {{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|pp=46–47}}{{sfn|Enwere|2020}}Wọ́n sì bí ọmọ mẹ́rin papọ̀.[8] Nwaorgu gba oyè PhD nínú ìmọ̀ nípa àrùn parasitology ní ọdún 1979.{{sfn|Cambridge|1985|p=867}} == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Ìkọ́ni (1980–2023) === Ní ọdún 1980, wọ́n gbà Nwaorgu síṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ti ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra tí wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ dá sílẹ̀ ní Enugu,{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}}{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}} Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ẹ̀ka ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nípa ẹ̀dá láti ọdún 1981 sí 1982 àti ẹ̀ka ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nípa ẹ̀dá tí wọ́n ń lò títí di ọdún 1983. Láti ọdún 1983 sí 1988, Nwaorgu ni olórí ẹ̀ka ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nípa ẹ̀dá àti ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nípa ẹ̀dá.{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}} Wọ́n yí orúkọ Yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra padà ní ọdún 1991, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Yunifásítì ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ti ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu,{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}}àti ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n dá Yunifásítì Nnamdi Azikiwe sílẹ̀ ní Awka nígbà tí wọ́n pín ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà sí Yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu.{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}} Wọ́n yan Nwaorgu sí Yunifásítì Nnamdi Azikiwe nígbà náà.{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}} Ó kó lọ sí Boston, Massachusetts ní ọdún 1994 nígbà tí wọ́n fún un ní ẹ̀bùn Takemi Fellowship ọdún méjì láti Harvard School of Public Health.{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}}{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}} Nwaorgu jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé nínú ètò "Roll Back Malaria" láti ọdún 1999 títí di ọdún 2001.{{sfn|AWFST|2009|p=7}} Ó padà sí ipò alága ẹ̀ka àrùn parasitology ní ọdún 2002, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ ní ipò yẹn títí di ọdún 2005.{{sfn|Nnamdi Azikiwe University|2023}}Láti ọdún 2009, ó ti jẹ́ olùdarí ẹ̀ka agbára àti àyíká.{{sfn|World Health Organization|2015}} Wọ́n yan Nwaorgu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Nigerian Academy of Science ní ọdún 2011,{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=46}}{{sfn|Nigerian Academy of Science|2021}} ó sì tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene of London.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=46}} Nwaorgu ti tẹ àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ tó lé ní ogójì jáde nínú àwọn ìwé ìròyìn tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò nípa ìlera gbogbogbòò, àwọn kòkòrò àrùn àti àrùn àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}}Ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lórí ibà rí ìbáṣepọ̀ láàárín àkóràn ibà àti iye òjò àti ọ̀rinrin. Nítorí pé òjò ń mú kí ó ṣeéṣe kí àwọn efon Anopheles gbé àrùn Plasmodium falciparum tí ó ń fa ibà, ó sábà máa ń ga ní oṣù kan sí méjì lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò. Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì mìíràn fìdí àwọn àwárí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}} Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ètò ìṣàkóso mẹ́ta ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu láti dín iye àwọn ènìyàn Dracunculus medinensis (tí a sábà máa ń pè ní ibà Guinea), Onchocerca volvulus, tí ó ń fa ìfọ́jú odò, àti Schistosoma (tí a sábà máa ń pè ní ìfọ́jú ẹ̀jẹ̀), èyí tí ó ń fa ibà ìgbín.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}}{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}}{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}} Ìgbésẹ̀ rẹ̀ lórí àwọn ibà Guinea ní nínú fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà sí àwọn adágún tí ó ti bàjẹ́ àti dín iye àwọn kòkòrò kù àti ìtànkálẹ̀ àrùn. Iṣẹ́ ìpalára náà tún ní ìtọ́jú ọ̀fẹ́ fún àwọn aláìsàn tí wọ́n ní àrùn ibà Guinea. Ó gba ọdún méjì ó sì dín àkóràn kù láti 300,000 ní ọdún 1986 sí nǹkan bí 170,000 ní ọdún 1988.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}}Nwaorgu ni olùwádìí pàtàkì fún àwọn iṣẹ́ ìwádìí àrùn ilẹ̀ olóoru méjìlá tí Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé ṣe onígbọ̀wọ́ fún lórí ìdarí àti ìdènà àwọn àrùn àkóràn.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}} Ní ọdún 2020, wọ́n yàn án láti ṣe olórí ètò kan tí WHO ṣe onígbọ̀wọ́ rẹ̀, "Ìmúdàgba Àwùjọ ní Ìlera", èyí tí ó bá Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ìlera ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ láti mú kí iṣẹ́ ìlera sunwọ̀n síi. Ète náà ni kí àwọn olùwádìí fojú sí àwọn ènìyàn tí ó ní ìṣòro, bí àwọn agbègbè ìgbèríko, àwọn obìnrin, àti àwọn ọmọdé, kí wọ́n sì yan bí ó ṣe dára jùlọ láti kojú ìdínkù àwọn àrùn tí ó lè ranni àti láti pèsè àǹfààní ìtọ́jú tó dára fún gbogbo ènìyàn.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}} Ìgbésẹ̀ tí Nwaorgu ṣe olórí ni a fẹ̀ sí i ní ọdún 2022 fún ìgbà ọdún méjì mìíràn,{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}} lẹ́yìn náà ó fẹ̀yìntì ní ọdún 2023.{{sfn|''NLNG Magazine''|2016|p=47}} === Ìgbèjà fún àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé === Nwaorgu dá àjọ awọ́de ètò ìlera ọmọnìyàn (GHARF) sílẹ̀ ní Enugu ní ọdún 1995. Ète NGO náà ni láti pèsè ẹ̀kọ́ ìlera fún àwọn obìnrin àti ọ̀dọ́, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn tí wọ́n ń gbé nínú òṣì tí wọn kò bá ní àǹfààní láti gba ẹ̀kọ́ àti iṣẹ́.{{sfn|Falkenstein|2003|p=1322}}Ní ipò GHARF, Nwaorgu gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìrànlọ́wọ́ láàrín ọdún 2000 sí 2009, láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn alábáṣiṣẹpọ̀ ní US bíi Ford Foundation, àti MacArthur Foundation láti ṣe àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìlera ìbímọ àti HIV/AIDS àti ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìfúnni ní agbára ní Nàìjíríà.{{sfn|Falkenstein|2003|p=1322}}{{sfn|Falkenstein|2003|p=1322}}{{sfn|Falkenstein|2003|p=1322}} Ní ọdún 2008, wọ́n yàn án láti ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ọdún 2012, nínú ìgbìmọ̀ ìdarí àkọ́kọ́ ti African Women's Forum on Science and Technology (AWFST).{{sfn|Urama|Tekle|2013|p=104}} Ìgbìmọ̀ náà jẹ́ ètò kan tí African Technology Policy Studies Studies Network dá sílẹ̀ láti gbé ìkópa àwọn obìnrin lárugẹ nínú ṣíṣe ìlànà, ìtẹ̀wé, àti ìdàgbàsókè nínú sáyẹ́ǹsì àti ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ.{{sfn|Urama|Tekle|2013|p=104}} Igbimọ idari akọkọ ni awọn aṣoju lati ilu okeere, ati awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ bii Afaf Marei ati Manal Samra (Egipiti), RoseEmma Mamaa Entsua-Mensah ati Peggy Oti-Boateng (Ghana), Norah Olembo ati Agnes Wakesho Mwang'ombe (Kenya), Mamolise Falatsa (Kenya), Mamolise Falatsa (Egypt), ati DeepaPullathokka (Ghana). Bitrina Diyamett (Tanzania) ati Noah Matovu (Uganda), gbogbo wọn kà si amoye ni awọn aaye wọn.{{sfn|Urama|Tekle|2013|p=104}}Ni ọdun 2012, Mwang'ombe di alaga ati pe a yan Nwaorgu gẹgẹbi igbakeji alaga AWFST.{{sfn|Urama|Tekle|2013|p=104}}O jẹ ọla fun nipasẹ Ẹgbẹ Oluranlọwọ Awọn Obirin ti Enugu ni ọdun 2023 fun agbawi rẹ fun awọn ẹtọ eniyan ati iṣẹ lati fi agbara fun awọn obinrin.{{sfn|Uneze|2023}} == Àwọn iṣẹ́ tí a yàn == * {{Cite journal|ref=none|last1=Albertson|first1=Donna G.|last2=Nwaorgu|first2=Obioma C.|last3=Sulston|first3=John E.|title=Chromatin Diminution and a Chromosomal Mechanism of Sexual Differentiation in ''Strongyloides Papillosus''|journal=Chromosoma|date=October 1979|volume=75|pages=75–87|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf00330626|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|location=Vienna, Austria|doi=10.1007/bf00330626|pmid=533664|issn=0009-5915|oclc=112576514}} * {{Cite journal|ref=none|last1=Nwaorgu|first1=O. C.|title=The Effectiveness of Combined Control Measures on the Prevalence of Guinea Worm Disease in Anambra State, Nigeria|journal=[[Journal of Helminthology]]|date=September 1991|volume=65|pages=226–231|doi=10.1017/S0022149X00010750|publisher=[[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]]|location=London, UK|issn=0022-149X|oclc=116942380}} * {{Cite journal|ref=none|last1=Nwaorgu|first1=O. C.|last2=Okeibunor|first2=J.|last3=Madu|first3=E.|title=A School-Based Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Helminthiasis Control Programme in Nigeria: Acceptability to Community Members|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tropical-medicine-and-international-health_1998-10_3_10/page/842|journal=[[Tropical Medicine & International Health]]|date=October 1998|volume=3|pages=842–849|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00313.x|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Science Ltd]]|location=Oxford, UK|pmid=9809919|issn=1360-2276|oclc=5153516561}} * {{Cite journal|ref=none|last1=Aribodor|first1=Dennis N.|last2=Nwaorgu|first2=Obioma C.|last3=Eneanya|first3=Christine I.|title=Association of Low Birth Weight and Placental Malarial Infection in Nigeria|journal=[[Journal of Infection in Developing Countries]]|date=September 2009|volume=3|pages=264–281|doi=10.3855/jidc.554|publisher=Open Learning on Enteric Pathogens, [[University of Sassari]]|location=Sassari, Italy|pmid=19801805|issn=1972-2680|oclc=449974346|url=free}} * {{Cite journal|ref=none|last1=Nwaorgu|first1=O. C.|last2=Orajaka|first2=B. N.|title=Prevalence of Malaria among Children 1–10 Years Old in Communities in Awka North Local Government Area, Anambra State South East Nigeria|journal=African Research Review|date=October 2011|volume=5|pages=264–281|doi=10.4314/afrrev.v5i5.21|publisher=International Association of African Researchers and Reviewers|location=Dire Dawa, Ethiopia|issn=1994-9057|oclc=4807749411|url=free}} * {{Cite book|ref=none|last1=Okeibunor|first1=Joseph|last2=Njepuome|first2=A. Ngozi|last3=Nwaorgu|first3=Obioma C.|title=Governing Health Systems: For Nations and Communities Around the World|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2013/05/GoverningHealthSystems_Cover-front-matter.pdf|date=2015|publisher=Lamprey & Lee|location=Brookline, Massachusetts|pages=138–176|archive-date=29 February 2024}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == === Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí === {{Reflist|30em}} <references responsive="0"></references> === Ìwé ìtàn ===   [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1948]] mu58hmndhfs8fleaokj2ltkk3g3cj55 Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ 0 80333 632088 630442 2026-08-19T17:38:33Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 12 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]] [[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic: * Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} * Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets". * Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref> *{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}} *{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}} *{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | width = 300 | image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg | alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020 | caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020. | image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg | alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral | caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun. | image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg | alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn. | caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko. | footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}} Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8&nbsp;°C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6&nbsp;°C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref> Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref> == Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ == Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings.&nbsp;... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century&nbsp;... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena&nbsp;...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/> A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1975-08-08_189_4201/page/460 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention&nbsp;..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref> == Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé == === Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní === [[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]] Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}} Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2013-03-08_339_6124/page/1198 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5&nbsp;... Temperatures rose by 0.0&nbsp;°C–0.2&nbsp;°C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref> === Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ === [[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]] [[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables&nbsp;... the period 1880 to 2012&nbsp;... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" /> [[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]] Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref> === Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè === Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref> === Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la === [[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3&nbsp;°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3&nbsp;°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9&nbsp;°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1&nbsp;°C.}}</ref>]] Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref> Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref> Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}} == Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí == [[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]] Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref> Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref> === Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná === Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref> Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19&nbsp;°C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14&nbsp;°C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}} [[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]] [[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024: * For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data: * For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World". * For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data". </ref>]] Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" /> === Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé === [[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]] Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref> Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14&nbsp;°C; it ranges from −0.57&nbsp;°C to +0.06&nbsp;°C&nbsp;... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref> === Àwọn Okùnfà Míì === === Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu === Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011004520/https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref> Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref> === Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ === [[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]] Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/> === Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ === [[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref> Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref> == Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ == [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]] Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref> A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref> == Àwọn Ìpa == [[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]] === Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká === Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref> [[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]] Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}} Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> === Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ === [[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]] Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref> Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè === Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}} Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref> {| class="center toccolours" |+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref> File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref> File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/> File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref> File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> </gallery> |} === Àwọn Ènìyàn === [[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6 |page=SPM-23}}</ref>]] Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref> === Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ === Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref> === Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba === Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}} Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}} Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" /> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref> === Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ === Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref> Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref> {| class="center toccolours" |+ '''Àwọn Ìpa Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ Lórí Àwọn Ènìyàn''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref> File:Corn shows the effect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref> File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref> File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref> File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref> </gallery> |} == Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ == [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]] A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref> Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2&nbsp;°C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/> === Agbára Mímọ́ === [[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] [[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]] Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref> Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5&nbsp;°C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref> === Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ === Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref> === Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ === [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]] Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref> Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref> Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" /> === Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ === [[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]] A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref> Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref> == Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ == Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}} Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref> {| class="center toccolours" |+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù. File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i. File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú. File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi. </gallery> |} == Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú == Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}} Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref> === Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà === Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025 |archive-date=18 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251118184120/https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref> === Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ === Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref> Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref> === Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé === [[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] [[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref> Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref> Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref> === Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan === [[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]] Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> == Awujọ àti àṣà == === Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ === [[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]] Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref> === Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn === [[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]] Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" /> lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref> === Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjàkadì Ojú-ọjọ́ === Àwọn ìdáríjì ojú-ọjọ́ ń béèrè pé kí àwọn aṣáájú olóṣèlú gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Wọ́n lè wáyé ní irú àwọn àfihàn gbangba, yíyọ ìdókòwò kúrò nínú epo fosaili, ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́, àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunningham|2018}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2023 |title=Climate Activism: Start Here |url=https://commonslibrary.org/climate-activism-start-here/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfihàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ni School Strike for Climate. Nínú ìgbésẹ̀ yìí, àwọn ọdọ káàkiri ayé ti ń ṣe ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2018 nípa kíkúrò nílé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ní ìmísí láti ọwọ́ alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ ará Sweden, Greta Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọdọ ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}}; {{harvnb|Boulianne|Lalancette|Ilkiw|2020}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Extinction Rebellion ti tún ṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àìgbọràn sí òfin láìfi agbára mú (civil disobedience) ní ìwọ̀n ńlá, nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-ọ̀nà gbogbogbò láti fi ṣe ìdáríjì.<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}}.</ref> Lílo ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aládani. Àwọn alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ tún ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àwọn ìjọba, tí wọ́n sì ń béèrè pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n mú àwọn òfin ojú-ọjọ́ tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=29 April 2021 |title='Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tí a ń fi kàn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili sábà máa ń wá ìsanwó ìtanràn fún ìpàdánù àti ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Setzer|Byrnes|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (International Court of Justice) tú ìmọ̀ràn òfin rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti sọ ní kedere pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti pé tí wọ́n bá kùnà láti ṣe ojúṣe náà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì lè fi ẹjọ́ kàn wọ́n. Ojúṣe yìí pẹ̀lú mímú àwọn ìlérí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú àwọn àdéhùn àgbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ, bíi Adehun Ojú-ọjọ́ Paris ti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Summary: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-sum-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Press Release: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref> == Ìtàn == === Àwọn Ìṣàwárí Àkọ́kọ́ === [[Fáìlì:18560823 Eunice Newton Foote - greenhouse effect.png|thumb|Eunice Newton Foote ṣàfihàn ipa tí carbon dioxide ní láti di ooru mú ní ọdún 1856, ó sì rí ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fún ayé níwájú.<ref name=Foote1856>{{cite journal|last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |journal=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Ní àkókò náà, a máa ń pe carbon dioxide ní “carbonic acid gas”.)]] Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún bíi Alexander von Humboldt bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rí ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè ní níwájú.<ref name="Nord 2020 p. 51">{{cite book |last=Nord |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmMGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |title=Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-52324-4 |series=Springer Polar Sciences |page=51 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee Scanlon Aureli Langan 2020 p. 331">{{cite book |last1=Van Der Gun |first1=Jac |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Groundwater resources sustainability |date=2021 |pages=331–345 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818172-0.00024-4 |isbn=978-0-12-818172-0 }}</ref><ref name="von Humboldt Wulf 2018 p. 10">{{cite book | last1=von Humboldt | first1=A. | last2=Wulf | first2=A. | title=Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | series=Everyman's Library Classics Series | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-101-90807-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xal2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR10 | access-date=11 March 2023 | page=10}}</ref><ref name="Erdkamp Manning Verboven 2021 p. 6">{{cite book |last1=Erdkamp |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbdMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR6 |title=Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience |last2=Manning |first2=Joseph G. |author-link2=Joseph Manning (historian) |last3=Verboven |first3=Koenraad |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-81103-7 |series=Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies |page=6 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1820s, Joseph Fourier dámọ̀ràn ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) láti ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi ga ju ohun tí agbára Oòrùn nìkan lè ṣàlàyé lọ. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn lè kọjá, nítorí náà ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn dé ojú ilẹ̀, níbi tí a ti ń yí i padà sí ooru. Ṣùgbọ́n afẹ́fẹ́ kò jẹ́ kí gbogbo ooru tí ojú ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde lè kọjá; ó di díẹ̀ nínú ooru náà mú, èyí sì ń mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA10 10–14]}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi (water vapour) ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó pè ní “Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays”, ó parí rẹ̀ pé: “Afẹ́fẹ́ tí gáàsì yìí bá pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ yóò fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé wa ní ìwọ̀n ooru gíga.”<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Huddleston|2019}}</ref> [[File:19120814 Coal Consumption Affecting Climate - Rodney and Otamatea Times.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Àpilẹ̀kọ ọdún 1912 yìí ṣàlàyé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ní ṣókí, ó sì ṣàfihàn bí sísun èédú ṣe ń dá carbon dioxide sílẹ̀, èyí tí ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Otamatea Times">{{cite news |date=14 August 1912 |title=Coal Consumption Affecting Climate |page=7 |work=Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette |location=Warkworth, New Zealand |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5}} Text was earlier [[:File:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg|published in ''Popular Mechanics'']], March 1912, p. 341.</ref>]] Láti ọdún 1859,<ref>{{harvnb|Tyndall|1861}}.</ref> John Tyndall fi hàn pé nitrogen àti oxygen—tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ 99% afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ—kò di ooru tí a ń tú jáde mú. Ṣùgbọ́n ìrì omi (water vapour) àti àwọn gáàsì bíi methane àti carbon dioxide máa ń gba ooru tí a ń tú jáde, wọ́n sì tún máa ń tú ooru náà padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Tyndall dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí lè ti fa àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice ages).<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA39 39–42]}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article3.html Tyndall]}}</ref> Svante Arrhenius ṣàkíyèsí pé iye ìrì omi (water vapour) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń yí padà léraléra, ṣùgbọ́n iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ìlànà ilẹ̀-ayé (geological processes) tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ ń ṣàkóso. Ìgbóná tí ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ bá fa yóò mú kí iye ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí yóò sì tún mú ìgbóná náà lágbára sí i nínú ìlànà ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback loop). Ní ọdún 1896, ó tẹ àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àfihàn pé bí iye CO₂ bá dín kù sí ìdajì, ó lè fa ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tó lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice age). Arrhenius ṣe ìṣírò pé bí iye CO₂ bá di ìlọ́po méjì, ìwọ̀n ooru ayé lè pọ̀ sí i ní ààrin 5 sí 6 °C.{{sfn|Lapenis|1998}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì mìíràn ní iyèméjì nípa èrò yìí, wọ́n sì gbà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì ti dé àyè tí kò lè pọ̀ sí i mọ́ (saturated), nítorí náà fífi CO₂ kún un kò ní ṣe ìyàtọ̀ kankan, àti pé ojú-ọjọ́ yóò máa ṣètò ara rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect">{{harvnb|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article4.html Arrhenius]}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ẹ̀rí jáde pé ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbóná sí i àti pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref>{{harvnb|Callendar|1938}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2007}}.</ref> ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣírò rẹ̀ dojú kọ àwọn àríyànjiyàn kan náà tí a ti gbé kalẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" /> === Ìdàgbàsókè ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì === [[Fáìlì:20211103 Academic studies of scientific consensus - global warming, climate change - vertical bar chart - cs.svg|thumb|Ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìdí (causation): Àwọn ìwádìí ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìṣọ̀kan ìmọ̀ nípa ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa láàárín àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ (2010–2015) fi hàn pé ìpele ìṣọ̀kan náà ń bá ìpele ìmọ̀ amọ̀ja lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=John |last2=Oreskes |first2= Naomi |last3=Doran |first3=Peter T. |author4-link=William Anderegg |last4=Anderegg |first4=William R. L. |last5=Verheggen |first5=Bart |display-authors=4 |year=2016 |title=Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=11 |issue=4 |article-number=048002 |bibcode= 2016ERL....11d8002C |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002 |doi-access=free|hdl=1983/34949783-dac1-4ce7-ad95-5dc0798930a6 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Ìwádìí 2019 fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì jẹ́ 100%,<ref name="Powell2019" /> àti ìwádìí 2021 fi hàn pé ó ju 99% lọ.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìwádìí mìíràn ní ọdún 2021 tún fi hàn pé 98.7% àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ sọ pé Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbóná jù lọ nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn.<ref name="Myers2021">{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2= Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal= [[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode= 2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] Ní ọdún 1950s, Gilbert Plass dá àwòṣe kọ̀ǹpútà (computer model) tó jinlẹ̀ sílẹ̀, tí ó fi àwọn ìpele afẹ́fẹ́ tó yàtọ̀ síra àti spekítirọ́mù infurarẹ́dì (infrared spectrum) sínú ìṣírò. Àwòṣe yìí sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ yóò fa ìgbóná ayé. Ní àkókò kan náà, Hans Suess rí ẹ̀rí pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i, Roger Revelle sì fi hàn pé òkun kì yóò lè gba gbogbo ìpọ̀sí CO₂ náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn onímọ̀ yìí ran Charles Keeling lọ́wọ́ láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọsílẹ̀ ìdàgbàsókè CO₂ tó ń lọ síwájú—“Keeling Curve”<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />—tí ó jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìwádìí tó tẹ̀síwájú ní àwọn ọdún 1960 lórí ìdí ènìyàn nínú ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}}</ref> Ìwádìí bíi Charney Report (1979) ti National Research Council tún jẹ́rìí pé àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ jẹ́ péye, wọ́n sì lè sọ ìgbóná tó lágbára tó ń bọ̀ lọ́jọ́ iwájú.<ref name=Charney1979>{{Cite book |last1=Charney |first1=Jule |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |title=Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment |last2=Arakawa |first2=Akio |last3=Baker |first3=D. James |last4=Bolin |first4=Bert |last5=Dickinson |first5=Robert E |last6=Goody |first6=Richard M |last7=Leith |first7=Cecil |last8=Stommel |first8=Henry |last9=Wunsch |first9=Carl |date=1979 |publisher=[[National Academies Press]] |doi=10.17226/12181 |isbn=978-0-309-11910-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424115644/https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |archive-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1988, James Hansen fi ẹ̀rí hàn níwájú ìgbìmọ̀ US Senate pé ènìyàn ló ń fa ìgbóná ayé, ó sì tún kilọ̀ nípa ewu ìgbóná tí kò bá sí ìmúlò ìdènà.<ref name=nyt19880624>{{cite news |page=1 | title= Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate| first1= Philip|last1=Shabecoff | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html| newspaper= [[New York Times]] |date= 24 June 1988 | access-date= 1 August 2012 | quote = ...Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was 99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other artificial gases in the atmosphere.}}</ref><ref name="history.aip.org2"/> Lẹ́yìn náà, IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1988 láti fún àwọn ìjọba àgbáyé ní ìmọ̀ ìtẹ́wọ́gbà òfin. Ìgbìmọ̀ yìí tún mú kí ìwádìí láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ka sáyẹ́ǹsì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart|2013|p=3567}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá IPCC reports, àwọn onímọ̀ ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ìjíròrò sáyẹ́ǹsì tó wà nínú àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì tí a ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ṣáájú ìtẹ̀jáde (peer-reviewed journals).<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Society|2005}}.</ref> Ìṣọ̀kan tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ti gbogbo onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ni pé ojú-ọjọ́ ayé ń gbóná sí i, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ló ń fa èyí.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Kò sí ẹgbẹ́ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì orílẹ̀-èdè tàbí àgbáyé kankan tó ní ipò gíga tí ó tako ìwòye yìí.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=2}}; {{harvnb|Oreskes|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=PXJIqCkb7YIC&pg=PA68 68]}}; {{Harvnb|Gleick, 7 January|2017}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2019, ìṣọ̀kan nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwádìí tuntun ti dé ju 99% lọ.<ref name="Powell2019"/><ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ IPCC ti ọdún 2021 sọ pé kò sí àríyànjiyàn kankan (“unequivocal”) pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìṣọ̀kan náà tún ti dàgbà sí i pé a gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dáàbò bo àwọn ènìyàn kúrò nínú àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ilé ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sáyẹ́ǹsì orílẹ̀-èdè ti ké sí àwọn aṣáájú ayé pé kí wọ́n dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé kù.<ref>Joint statement of the {{harvtxt|G8+5 Academies|2009}}; {{harvnb|Gleick, 7 January|2017}}.</ref> === Àwọn Ìdàgbàsókè Tuntun === Ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ìtọ́kasí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (Extreme Event Attribution, EEA), tí a tún mọ̀ sí attribution science, ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=AMS_20161201>{{cite web |last1=Herring |first1=Stephanie C. |last2=Hoell |first2=Andrew |last3=Hoerling |first3=Martin P. |last4=Kossin |first4=James P. |last5=Schreck III |first5=Carl J. |last6=Stott |first6=Peter A. |title=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society / Introduction to Explaining Extreme Events of 2015 from a Climate Perspective |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/97/12/bams-d-16-0313.1.xml?tab_body=pdf |publisher=American Meteorological Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628053021/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/97/12/bams-d-16-0313.1.xml?tab_body=pdf |archive-date=28 June 2025 |date=1 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> EEA ń lo àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) láti mọ̀ àti láti ṣe ìṣírò ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ènìyàn fa ń kó nínú ìgbà tí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an fi ń ṣẹlẹ̀, agbára wọn, bí wọ́n ṣe pẹ́ tó, àti àwọn ipa wọn nínú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pàtó.<ref>{{cite book |title=Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change |date=2016 |publisher=The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) |location=Washington, D.C. |doi=10.17226/21852 |bibcode=2016nap..book21852N |isbn=978-0-309-38094-2 |url=https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21852/attribution-of-extreme-weather-events-in-the-context-of-climate-change }}</ref><ref name=ClimateCentral_20241118>{{cite web |last1=McSweeney |first1=Robert |last2=Tandon |first2=Ayesha |title=Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world |url=https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/attribution-studies/index.html |publisher=Climate Central |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610154758/https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/attribution-studies/index.html |archive-date=10 June 2025 |date=18 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn àbájáde ìwádìí ìtọ́kasí wọ̀nyí ń jẹ́ kí àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn akọ̀ròyìn lè sọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi pé, “ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ yìí ní ó kéré tán ní ìlọ́po n láti ṣẹlẹ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ènìyàn fa”, tàbí “igbi ooru (heatwave) yìí gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ nínú ayé tí kò ní ìgbóná ayé ní ìwọ̀n m degrees”, tàbí “ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí kò ṣeé ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá láìsí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́”.<ref name=WWA_2021>{{cite web |last1=Clarke |first1=Ben |last2=Otto |first2=Friederike |title=Reporting extreme weather and climate change A guide for journalists |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/ENG_WWA-Reporting-extreme-weather-and-climate-change.pdf |publisher=World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601160944/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/ENG_WWA-Reporting-extreme-weather-and-climate-change.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2025 |date=2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Agbára kọ̀ǹpútà tó pọ̀ sí i ní ọdún 2000s àti àwọn ìlọsíwájú tuntun nínú ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti àárín ọdún 2010s<ref name=ScientificAmerican_20170102>{{cite news |last1=Sneed |first1=Annie |title=Yes, Some Extreme Weather Can Be Blamed on Climate Change |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/yes-some-extreme-weather-can-be-blamed-on-climate-change/ |work=[[Scientific American]] |date=2 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103135143/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/yes-some-extreme-weather-can-be-blamed-on-climate-change/ |archive-date=3 January 2017 }}</ref> jẹ́ kí ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ìtọ́kasí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ (attribution science) lè mọ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan pẹ̀lú ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé gíga.<ref name=AMS_20161201/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ń lo àwọn ọ̀nà ìtọ́kasí (attribution methods) àti àwọn àfọwọ́ṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate simulations) tí a ti ṣàyẹ̀wò tí àwọn amòye sì ti fọwọ́ sí tẹ́lẹ̀ (peer reviewed), èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè tẹ àwọn “ìwádìí ìtọ́kasí kíákíá” (rapid attribution studies) jáde láàárín àkókò tí ìròyìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà ṣì wà lórí àkọlé ìròyìn (“news cycle”) lẹ́yìn tí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ náà bá ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref name=ScientificAmerican_20170102/> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == <references /> === Sources === ==== IPCC reports ==== {{refbegin}} '''Fourth Assessment Report''' <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis |series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fourth 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B. |editor-last6=Averyt |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Tignor |editor-first8=H. L. |editor-last8=Miller |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88009-1 }} <!-- # --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=H. |last1=Le Treut |first2=R. |last2=Somerville |first3=U. |last3=Cubasch |first4=Y. |last4=Ding |first5=C. |last5=Mauritzen |first6=A. |last6=Mokssit |first7=T. |last7=Peterson |first8=M. |last8=Prather |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=93–127 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2025-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828214151/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=D. A. |last1=Randall |first2=R. A. |last2=Wood |first3=S. |last3=Bony |first4=R. |last4=Colman |first5=T. |last5=Fichefet |first6=J. |last6=Fyfe |first7=V. |last7=Kattsov |first8=A. |last8=Pitman |first9=J. |last9=Shukla |first10=J. |last10=Srinivasan |first11=R. J. |last11=Stouffer |first12=A. |last12=Sumi |first13=K. E. |last13=Taylor |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=589–662 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2025-12-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203134326/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=G. C. |last1=Hegerl |first2=F. W. |last2=Zwiers |first3=P. |last3=Braconnot |author-link3=Pascale Braconnot |first4=N. P. |last4=Gillett |first5=Y. |last5=Luo |first6=J. A. |last6=Marengo Orsini |first7=N. |last7=Nicholls |first8=J. E. |last8=Penner |first9=P. A. |last9=Stott |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=663–745 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2020-10-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022060558/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf }} <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=M. L. |editor-last1=Parry |editor-first2=O. F. |editor-last2=Canziani |editor-first3=J. P. |editor-last3=Palutikof |editor-first4=P. J. |editor-last4=van der Linden |editor-first5=C. E. |editor-last5=Hanson |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88010-7 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2018-11-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110071159/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 19: Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter19.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=S. H. |last1=Schneider |first2=S. |last2=Semenov |first3=A. |last3=Patwardhan |first4=I. |last4=Burton |first5=C. H. D. |last5=Magadza |first6=M. |last6=Oppenheimer |first7=A. B. |last7=Pittock |first8=A. |last8=Rahman |first9=J. B. |last9=Smith |first10=A. |last10=Suarez |first11=F. |last11=Yamin |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} |pages=779–810 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2025-11-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251127013735/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter19.pdf }} <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change |series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=B. |editor-last1=Metz |editor-first2=O. R. |editor-last2=Davidson |editor-first3=P. R. |editor-last3=Bosch |editor-first4=R. |editor-last4=Dave |editor-first5=L. A. |editor-last5=Meyer |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88011-4 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2014-10-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012170817/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 1: Introduction |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter1.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=H.-H. |last1=Rogner |first2=D. |last2=Zhou |first3=R. |last3=Bradley |first4=P. |last4=Crabbé |first5=O. |last5=Edenhofer |first6=B. |last6=Hare |first7=L. |last7=Kuijpers |first8=M. |last8=Yamaguchi |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} |pages=95–116 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2025-12-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210110444/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter1.pdf }} <!-- =========AR5================== --> '''Fifth Assessment report''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}<!-- ipcc:20200215 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2013 |title=Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis |series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor1-first=T. F. |editor1-last=Stocker |editor2-first=D. |editor2-last=Qin |editor3-first=G.-K. |editor3-last=Plattner |editor4-first=M. |editor4-last=Tignor |editor5-first=S. K. |editor5-last=Allen |editor6-first=J. |editor6-last=Boschung |editor7-first=A. |editor7-last=Nauels |editor8-first=Y. |editor8-last=Xia |editor9-first=V. |editor9-last=Bex |editor10-first=P. M. |editor10-last=Midgley |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York |isbn=978-1-107-05799-9 <!-- ISBN in printed source is incorrect. --> |url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf <!-- Same file, new url per IPCC. --> }}. [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – IPCC] ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2017/09/WG1AR5_Chapter02_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=D. L. |last1=Hartmann |first2=A. M. G. |last2=Klein Tank |first3=M. |last3=Rusticucci |first4=L. V. |last4=Alexander |first5=S. |last5=Brönnimann |first6=Y. |last6=Charabi |first7=F. J. |last7=Dentener |first8=E. J. |last8=Dlugokencky |first9=D. R. |last9=Easterling |first10=A. |last10=Kaplan |first11=B. J. |last11=Soden |first12=P. W. |last12=Thorne |first13=M. |last13=Wild |first14=P. M. |last14=Zhai |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=159–254 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter03_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Rhein |first2=S. R. |last2=Rintoul |first3=S. |last3=Aoki |first4=E. |last4=Campos |first5=D. |last5=Chambers |first6=R. A. |last6=Feely |first7=S. |last7=Gulev |first8=G. C. |last8=Johnson |first9=S. A. |last9=Josey |first10=A. |last10=Kostianoy |first11=C. |last11=Mauritzen |first12=D. |last12=Roemmich |first13=L. D. |last13=Talley |first14=F. |last14=Wang |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=255–315 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=V. |last1=Masson-Delmotte |first2=M. |last2=Schulz |first3=A. |last3=Abe-Ouchi |first4=J. |last4=Beer |first5=A. |last5=Ganopolski |first6=J. F. |last6=González Rouco |first7=E. |last7=Jansen |first8=K. |last8=Lambeck |first9=J. |last9=Luterbacher |first10=T. |last10=Naish |first11=T. |last11=Osborn |first12=B. |last12=Otto-Bliesner |first13=T. |last13=Quinn |first14=R. |last14=Ramesh |first15=M. |last15=Rojas |first16=X. |last16=Shao |first17=A. |last17=Timmermann |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=383–464 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=N. L. |last1=Bindoff |first2=P. A. |last2=Stott |first3=K. M. |last3=AchutaRao |first4=M. R. |last4=Allen |first5=N. |last5=Gillett |first6=D. |last6=Gutzler |first7=K. |last7=Hansingo |first8=G. |last8=Hegerl |first9=Y. |last9=Hu |first10=S. |last10=Jain |first11=I. I. |last11=Mokhov |first12=J. |last12=Overland |first13=J. |last13=Perlwitz |first14=R. |last14=Sebbari |first15=X. |last15=Zhang |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=867–952 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Collins |first2=R. |last2=Knutti |first3=J. M. |last3=Arblaster |first4=J.-L. |last4=Dufresne |first5=T. |last5=Fichefet |first6=P. |last6=Friedlingstein |first7=X. |last7=Gao |first8=W. J. |last8=Gutowski |first9=T. |last9=Johns |first10=G. |last10=Krinner |first11=M. |last11=Shongwe |first12=C. |last12=Tebaldi |first13=A. J. |last13=Weaver |first14=M. |last14=Wehner |pages=1029–1136 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2019-12-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219013928/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf }} <!----------------AR5 Working Group II Report --> {{anchor|{{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2|2014}}}} <!-- For the entire AR5 WG2 report --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=C. B. |editor-last1=Field |editor-first2=V. R. |editor-last2=Barros |editor-first3=D. J. |editor-last3=Dokken |editor-first4=K. J. |editor-last4=Mach |editor-first5=M. D. |editor-last5=Mastrandrea |editor-first6=T. E. |editor-last6=Bilir |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Chatterjee |editor-first8=K. L. |editor-last8=Ebi |editor-first9=Y. O. |editor-last9=Estrada |editor-first10=R. C. |editor-last10=Genova |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Girma |editor-first12=E. S. |editor-last12=Kissel |editor-first13=A. N. |editor-last13=Levy |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=MacCracken |editor-first15=P. R. |editor-last15=Mastrandrea |editor-first16=L. L. |editor-last16=White |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05807-1 |url=<!-- ** I haven't added AR5 urls yet as I have not determined which is best. -JJ --> }}. Chapters 1–20, SPM, and Technical Summary. ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 13: Livelihoods and Poverty |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=L. |last1=Olsson |first2=M. |last2=Opondo |first3=P. |last3=Tschakert |first4=A. |last4=Agrawal |first5=S. H. |last5=Eriksen |first6=S. |last6=Ma |first7=L. N. |last7=Perch |first8=S. A. |last8=Zakieldeen |year=2014 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=793–832 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2025-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251123084604/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 18: Detection and Attribution of Observed Impacts |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=W. |last1=Cramer |first2=G. W. |last2=Yohe |first3=M. |last3=Auffhammer |first4=C. |last4=Huggel |first5=U. |last5=Molau |first6=M. A. F. |last6=da Silva Dias |first7=A. |last7=Solow |first8=D. A. |last8=Stone |first9=L. |last9=Tibig |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=979–1037 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2025-12-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203184103/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 19: Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Oppenheimer |first2=M. |last2=Campos |first3=R. |last3=Warren |first4=J. |last4=Birkmann |first5=G. |last5=Luber |first6=B. |last6=O'Neill |first7=K. |last7=Takahashi |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=1039–1099 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2025-11-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251127040853/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf }} * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 B|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=V. R. |editor-last1=Barros |editor-first2=C. B. |editor-last2=Field |editor-first3=D. J. |editor-last3=Dokken |editor-first4=K. J. |editor-last4=Mach |editor-first5=M. D. |editor-last5=Mastrandrea |editor-first6=T. E. |editor-last6=Bilir |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Chatterjee |editor-first8=K. L. |editor-last8=Ebi |editor-first9=Y. O. |editor-last9=Estrada |editor-first10=R. C. |editor-last10=Genova |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Girma |editor-first12=E. S. |editor-last12=Kissel |editor-first13=A. N. |editor-last13=Levy |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=MacCracken |editor-first15=P. R. |editor-last15=Mastrandrea |editor-first16=L.L |editor-last16=White |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York |isbn=978-1-107-05816-3 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf }}. Chapters 21–30, Annexes, and Index. ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 28: Polar Regions |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. N. |last1=Larsen |first2=O. A. |last2=Anisimov |first3=A. |last3=Constable |first4=A. B. |last4=Hollowed |first5=N. |last5=Maynard |first6=P. |last6=Prestrud |first7=T. D. |last7=Prowse |first8=J. M. R. |last8=Stone |year=2014 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 B|2014}} |pages=1567–1612 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2026-01-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113144928/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf }} <!-- ------------------------------ --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change |series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=O. |editor-last1=Edenhofer |editor-first2=R. |editor-last2=Pichs-Madruga |editor-first3=Y. |editor-last3=Sokona |editor-first4=E. |editor-last4=Farahani |editor-first5=S. |editor-last5=Kadner |editor-first6=K. |editor-last6=Seyboth |editor-first7=A. |editor-last7=Adler |editor-first8=I. |editor-last8=Baum |editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Brunner |editor-first10=P. |editor-last10=Eickemeier |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Kriemann |editor-first12=J. |editor-last12=Savolainen |editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Schlömer |editor-first14=C. |editor-last14=von Stechow |editor-first15=T. |editor-last15=Zwickel |editor-first16=J. C. |editor-last16=Minx |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York, NY |isbn= 978-1-107-05821-7 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 9: Buildings |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter9.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Lucon |first2=D. |last2=Ürge-Vorsatz |first3=A. |last3=Ahmed |first4=H. |last4=Akbari |first5=P. |last5=Bertoldi |first6=L. |last6=Cabeza |first7=N. |last7=Eyre |first8=A. |last8=Gadgil |first9=L. D. |last9=Harvey |first10=Y. |last10=Jiang |first11=E. |last11=Liphoto |first12=S. |last12=Mirasgedis |first13=S. |last13=Murakami |first14=J. |last14=Parikh |first15=C. |last15=Pyke |first16=M. |last16=Vilariño |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2025-08-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824090413/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter9.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014}} |chapter=Annex III: Technology-specific Cost and Performance Parameters |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Edenhofer |first2=R. |last2=Pichs-Madruga |first3=Y. |last3=Sokona |first4=E. |last4=Farahani |first5=S. |last5=Kadner |first6=K. |last6=Seyboth |first7=A. |last7=Adler |first8=I. |last8=Baum |first9=S. |last9=Brunner |first10=P. |last10=Eickemeier |first11=B. |last11=Kriemann |first12=J. |last12=Savolainen |first13=S. |last13=Schlömer |first14=C. |last14=von Stechow |first15=T. |last15=Zwickel |first16=J.C. |last16=Minx |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} }} * {{cite book |author=IPCC AR5 SYR |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report |series=Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |editor1=The Core Writing Team |editor-first2=R. K. |editor-last2=Pachauri |editor-first3=L. A. |editor-last3=Meyer |publisher=IPCC |place=Geneva, Switzerland |isbn=<!-- no isbn --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf |year=2014 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}} }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014}} |chapter=Annex II: Glossary |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_Annexes.pdf |year=2014 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}} |access-date=2026-06-16 |archivedate=2022-07-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718055704/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_Annexes.pdf }} <!-- =========SR15================== --> '''Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2018 |title=Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=V. |editor-last1=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first2=P. |editor-last2=Zhai |editor-first3=H.-O. |editor-last3=Pörtner |editor-first4=D. |editor-last4=Roberts |editor-first5=J. |editor-last5=Skea |editor-first6=P. R. |editor-last6=Shukla |editor-first7=A. |editor-last7=Pirani |editor-first8=W. |editor-last8=Moufouma-Okia |editor-first9=C. |editor-last9=Péan |editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=Pidcock |editor-first11=S. |editor-last11=Connors |editor-first12=J. B. R. |editor-last12=Matthews |editor-first13=Y. |editor-last13=Chen |editor-first14=X. |editor-last14=Zhou |editor-first15=M. I. |editor-last15=Gomis |editor-first16=E. |editor-last16=Lonnoy |editor-first17=T. |editor-last17=Maycock |editor-first18=M. |editor-last18=Tignor |editor-first19=T. |editor-last19=Waterfeld |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] |isbn=<!-- not issued? --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf }} Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C –. <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2018 |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_HR.pdf |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=3–24 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 1: Framing and Context |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter1_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=M. R. |last1=Allen |first2=O. P. |last2=Dube |first3=W. |last3=Solecki |first4=F. |last4=Aragón-Durand |first5=W. |last5=Cramer |first6=S. |last6=Humphreys |first7=M. |last7=Kainuma |first8=J. |last8=Kala |first9=N. |last9=Mahowald |first10=Y. |last10=Mulugetta |first11=R. |last11=Perez |first12=M. |last12=Wairiu |first13=K. |last13=Zickfeld |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=49–91 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5&nbsp;°C in the Context of Sustainable Development |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. |last1=Rogelj |author1-link=Joeri Rogelj |first2=D. |last2=Shindell |first3=K. |last3=Jiang |first4=S. |last4=Fifta |first5=P. |last5=Forster |first6=V. |last6=Ginzburg |first7=C. |last7=Handa |first8=H. |last8=Kheshgi |first9=S. |last9=Kobayashi |first10=E. |last10=Kriegler |first11=L. |last11=Mundaca |first12=R. |last12=Séférian |first13=M. V. |last13=Vilariño |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=93–174 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5&nbsp;°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter3_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Hoegh-Guldberg |first2=D. |last2=Jacob |first3=M. |last3=Taylor |first4=M. |last4=Bindi |first5=S. |last5=Brown |first6=I. |last6=Camilloni |first7=A. |last7=Diedhiou |first8=R. |last8=Djalante |first9=K. L. |last9=Ebi |first10=F. |last10=Engelbrecht |first11=J. |last11=Guiot |first12=Y. |last12=Hijioka |first13=S. |last13=Mehrotra |first14=A. |last14=Payne |first15=S. I. |last15=Seneviratne |first16=A. |last16=Thomas |first17=R. |last17=Warren |first18=G. |last18=Zhou |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=175–311 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 4: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter4_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=H. |last1=de Coninck |first2=A. |last2=Revi |first3=M. |last3=Babiker |first4=P. |last4=Bertoldi |first5=M. |last5=Buckeridge |first6=A. |last6=Cartwright |first7=W. |last7=Dong |first8=J. |last8=Ford |first9=S. |last9=Fuss |first10=J.-C. |last10=Hourcade |first11=D. |last11=Ley |first12=R. |last12=Mechler |first13=P. |last13=Newman |first14=A. |last14=Revokatova |first15=S. |last15=Schultz |first16=L. |last16=Steg |first17=T. |last17=Sugiyama |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=313–443 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 5: Sustainable Development, Poverty Eradication and Reducing Inequalities |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter5_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. |last1=Roy |first2=P. |last2=Tschakert |first3=H. |last3=Waisman |first4=S. |last4=Abdul Halim |first5=P. |last5=Antwi-Agyei |first6=P. |last6=Dasgupta |first7=B. |last7=Hayward |first8=M. |last8=Kanninen |first9=D. |last9=Liverman |first10=C. |last10=Okereke |first11=P. F. |last11=Pinho |first12=K. |last12=Riahi |first13=A. G. |last13=Suarez Rodriguez |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=445–538 }} <!-- =========SRCCL ============================ --> '''Special Report: Climate change and Land''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=P. R. |editor-last1=Shukla |editor-first2=J. |editor-last2=Skea |editor-first3=E. |editor-last3=Calvo Buendia |editor-first4=V. |editor-last4=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first5=H.-O. |editor-last5=Pörtner |editor-first6=D. |editor-last6=C. Roberts |editor-first7=P. |editor-last7=Zhai |editor-first8=R. |editor-last8=Slade |editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Connors |editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=van Diemen |editor-first11=M. |editor-last11=Ferrat |editor-first12=E. |editor-last12=Haughey |editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Luz |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=Neogi |editor-first15=M. |editor-last15=Pathak |editor-first16=J. |editor-last16=Petzold |editor-first17=J. |editor-last17=Portugal Pereira |editor-first18=P. |editor-last18=Vyas |editor-first19=E. |editor-last19=Huntley |editor-first20=K. |editor-last20=Kissick |editor-first21=M. |editor-last21=Belkacemi |editor-first22=J. |editor-last22=Malley |year=2019 |title=IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf |publisher=In press }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/02_Summary-for-Policymakers_SPM.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=3–34 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/05_Chapter-2.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=G. |last1=Jia |first2=E. |last2=Shevliakova |first3=P. E. |last3=Artaxo<!-- 'Artaxo-Netto'? --> |first4=N. |last4=De Noblet-Ducoudré |first5=R. |last5=Houghton |first6=J. |last6=House |first7=K. |last7=Kitajima |first8=C. |last8=Lennard |first9=A. |last9=Popp |first10=A. |last10=Sirin |first11=R. |last11=Sukumar |first12=L. |last12=Verchot |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=131–247 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Chapter 5: Food Security |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/08_Chapter-5.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=C. |last1=Mbow |first2=C. |last2=Rosenzweig |first3=L. G. |last3=Barioni |first4=T. |last4=Benton |first5=M. |last5=Herrero |first6=M. V. |last6=Krishnapillai |first7=E. |last7=Liwenga |first8=P. |last8=Pradhan |first9=M. G. |last9=Rivera-Ferre |first10=T. |last10=Sapkota |first11=F. N. |last11=Tubiello |first12=Y. |last12=Xu |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=437–550 }} <!-- =========SROCC ============================ --> '''Special Report: The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=H.-O. |editor-last1=Pörtner |editor-first2=D. C. |editor-last2=Roberts |editor-first3=V. |editor-last3=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first4=P. |editor-last4=Zhai |editor-first5=M. |editor-last5=Tignor |editor-first6=E. |editor-last6=Poloczanska |editor-first7=K. |editor-last7=Mintenbeck |editor-first8=A. |editor-last8=Alegría |editor-first9=M. |editor-last9=Nicolai |editor-first10=A. |editor-last10=Okem |editor-first11=J. |editor-last11=Petzold |editor-first12=B. |editor-last12=Rama |editor-first13=N. |editor-last13=Weyer |title=IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate |publisher=In press |isbn=<!-- Not yet assigned --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/SROCC_FullReport_FINAL.pdf }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/03_SROCC_SPM_FINAL.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}} |pages=3–35 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |chapter=Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/08_SROCC_Ch04_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Oppenheimer |first2=B. |last2=Glavovic |first3=J. |last3=Hinkel |first4=R. |last4=van de Wal |first5=A. K. |last5=Magnan |first6=A. |last6=Abd-Elgawad |first7=R. |last7=Cai |first8=M. |last8=Cifuentes-Jara |first9=R. M. |last9=Deconto |first10=T. |last10=Ghosh |first11=J. |last11=Hay |first12=F. |last12=Isla |first13=B. |last13=Marzeion |first14=B. |last14=Meyssignac |first15=Z. |last15=Sebesvari |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}} |pages=321–445 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |chapter=Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/09_SROCC_Ch05_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=N. L. |last1=Bindoff |first2=W. W. L. |last2=Cheung |first3=J. G. |last3=Kairo |first4=J. |last4=Arístegui |first5=V. A. |last5=Guinder |first6=R. |last6=Hallberg |first7=N. J. M. |last7=Hilmi |first8=N. |last8=Jiao |first9=Md S. |last9=Karim |first10=L. |last10=Levin |first11=S. |last11=O'Donoghue |first12=S. R. |last12=Purca Cuicapusa |first13=B. |last13=Rinkevich |first14=T. |last14=Suga |first15=A. |last15=Tagliabue |first16=P. |last16=Williamson |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}} |pages=447–587 }} '''Sixth Assessment Report''' * {{Cite book |ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} |author = IPCC |author-link = IPCC |year = 2021 |title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis |series = Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|Sixth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors = 4 |editor1-first = V. |editor1-last = Masson-Delmotte |editor2-first = P. |editor2-last = Zhai |editor3-first = A. |editor3-last = Pirani |editor4-first = S. L. |editor4-last = Connors |editor5-first = C. |editor5-last = Péan |editor6-first = S. |editor6-last = Berger |editor7-first = N. |editor7-last = Caud |editor8-first = Y. |editor8-last = Chen |editor9-first = L. |editor9-last = Goldfarb |editor10-first = M. I. |editor10-last = Gomis |publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] (In Press) |place = Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US |url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport_small.pdf }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2021 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021}} |chapter=Technical Summary |last1=Arias |first1=Paola A. |last2=Bellouin |first2=Nicolas |last3=Coppola |first3=Erika |last4=Jones |first4=Richard G. |last5=Krinner |first5=Gerhard |display-authors=4 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_TS.pdf |year=2021 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} }} ** {{Cite book| ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021}}| chapter = Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system| last1 = Gulev| first1 = Sergey K.| last2 = Thorne| first2 = Peter W.| last3 = Ahn| first3 = Jinho| last4 = Dentener| first4 = Frank J.| last5 = Domingues| first5 = Catia M.| last6 = Gerland| first6 = Sebastian| last7 = Gong| first7 = Daoyi| last8 = Kaufman| first8 = Darrell S.| last9 = Nnamchi| first9 = Hyacinth C.| last10 = Quaas| first10 = Johannes| last11 = Rivera| first11 = Juan Antonio| last12 = Sathyendranath| first12 = Shubha| last13 = Smith| first13 = Sharon L.| last14 = Trewin| first14 = Blair| last15 = von Shuckmann| first15 = Karina| last16 = Vose| first16 = Russell S.| title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change| chapter-url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_02.pdf| display-authors = 4| year = 2021}} ** {{Cite book | ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021}} | chapter = Chapter 4: Future Global Climate: Scenario-Based Projections and Near-Term Information | last1 = Lee | first1 = June-Yi | last2 = Marotzke | first2 = Jochem | last3 = Bala | first3 = Govindasamy | last4 = Cao | first4 = Long | last5 = Corti | first5 = Susanna | last6 = Dunne | first6 = John P. | last7 = Engelbrecht | first7 = Francois | last8 = Fischer | first8 = Erich M. | last9 = Fyfe | first9 = John C. | last10 = Jones | first10 = Christopher D. | last11 = Maycock | first11 = Amanda C. | last12 = Mutemi | first12 = Joseph | last13 = Ndiaye | first13 = Ousmane | last14 = Panickal | first14 = Swapna | last15 = Zhou | first15 = Tianjun | title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. 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|journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1029/2008gl034005 |bibcode=2008GeoRL..3511505Z |doi-access=free}} {{refend}} ==== Books, reports and legal documents ==== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|G8+5 Academies|2009}} |title=G8+5 Academies' joint statement: Climate change and the transformation of energy technologies for a low carbon future |date=May 2009 |publisher=The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |author1=Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias (Brazil) |author2=Royal Society of Canada |author3=Chinese Academy of Sciences |author4=Académie des Sciences (France) |author5=Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (Germany) |author6=Indian National Science Academy |author7=Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Italy) |author8=Science Council of Japan, Academia Mexicana de Ciencias |author9=Academia Mexicana de Ciencias (Mexico) |author10=Russian Academy of Sciences |author11=Academy of Science of South Africa |author12=Royal Society (United Kingdom) |author13=National Academy of Sciences (United States of America) |url=http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/G8+5energy-climate09.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171429/http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/G8+5energy-climate09.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=5 May 2010 }} * {{cite book |first1=David |last1=Archer |author-link=David Archer (scientist) |first2=Raymond |last2=Pierrehumbert |author-link2=Raymond Pierrehumbert |title=The Warming Papers: The Scientific Foundation for the Climate Change Forecast |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PT10 |year=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-68733-8 }} * {{cite report |ref={{harvid|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019}} |url=https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/fossil-fuel-clean-energy-subsidy-swap.pdf |title=Fossil Fuel to Clean Energy Subsidy Swaps |last1=Bridle |first1=Richard |last2=Sharma |first2=Shruti |last3=Mostafa |first3=Mostafa |last4=Geddes |first4=Anna |date=June 2019 }} * {{cite web |title=The Paris Agreement: Summary. Climate Focus Client Brief on the Paris Agreement III |author=Climate Focus |date=December 2015 |access-date=12 April 2019 |url=https://climatefocus.com/sites/default/files/20151228%20COP%2021%20briefing%20FIN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005005832/https://climatefocus.com/sites/default/files/20151228%20COP%2021%20briefing%20FIN.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2018 |url-status=live }} * {{cite report |ref={{harvid|UN Human Development Report|2020}} |author=Conceição |display-authors=etal |year=2020 |title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=9 January 2021 }} * {{cite report |last1=DeFries |first1=Ruth |author-link1=Ruth DeFries |last2=Edenhofer |first2=Ottmar |last3=Halliday |first3=Alex |last4=Heal |first4=Geoffrey |display-authors=etal |date=September 2019 |title=The missing economic risks in assessments of climate change impacts |publisher=Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/The-missing-economic-risks-in-assessments-of-climate-change-impacts-2.pdf }} * Dessler, Andrew E. and Edward A. 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T. |last3=Fisher |first3=S. |last4=Blayney |first4=M. |last5=Ward |first5=A. |last6=Smith |first6=H. |last7=Struthoff |first7=P. |last8=Fillingham |first8=Z. |display-authors=2 |publisher=UNDP and University of Oxford |date=June 2024 |url=https://peoplesclimate.vote/document/Peoples_Climate_Vote_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=1 November 2024 }} * {{cite report |author=Global Methane Initiative |title=Global Methane Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities |url=https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/gmi-mitigation-factsheet.pdf |date=2020 |publisher=Global Methane Initiative }} * {{cite book |title=Shock Waves: Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. Climate Change and Development |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-4648-0674-2 |doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-0673-5 |last1=Hallegatte |first1=Stephane |last2=Bangalore |first2=Mook |last3=Bonzanigo |first3=Laura |last4=Fay |first4=Marianne |last5=Kane |first5=Tamaro |last6=Narloch |first6=Ulf |last7=Rozenberg |first7=Julie |last8=Treguer |first8=David |last9=Vogt-Schilb |first9=Adrien |display-authors=4 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=World Bank |hdl=10986/22787 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/22787/9781464806735.pdf?sequence=13&isAllowed=y }} * {{cite book |last1=Haywood |first1=Jim |title=Climate Change |chapter=Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Role in Climate Change |date=2016 |pages=449–463 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-63524-2.00027-0 |isbn=978-0-444-63524-2}} * {{Cite report |ref={{harvid|IEA|2020b}} |author=IEA |date=December 2020 |title=Energy Efficiency 2020 |chapter=COVID-19 and energy efficiency |chapter-url=https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency-2020/covid-19-and-energy-efficiency#abstract |location=Paris, France |access-date=6 April 2021 }} * {{Cite report |author=IEA |date=October 2021 |title=Net Zero By 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector |url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/deebef5d-0c34-4539-9d0c-10b13d840027/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf |location=Paris, France |access-date=4 April 2022 }} * {{Cite report |ref={{harvid|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023}} |author=IEA |date=October 2023 |title=World Energy Outlook 2023 |url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/26ca51d0-4a42-4649-a7c0-552d75ddf9b2/WorldEnergyOutlook2023.pdf |location=Paris, France |access-date=25 October 2021 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Krogstrup |first1=Signe |last2=Oman |first2=William |title=Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation |journal=IMF Working Papers |date=2019 |volume=19 |issue=185 |doi=10.5089/9781513511955.001}} * {{cite report |ref={{harvid|Yale|2021}} |title=International Public Opinion on Climate Change |last1=Leiserowitz |first1=A. |last2=Carman |first2=J. |last3=Buttermore |first3=N. |last4=Wang |first4=X. |last5=Rosenthal |first5=S. |last6=Marlon |first6=J. |last7=Mulcahy |first7=K. |display-authors=4 |publisher=Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and Facebook Data for Good |year=2021 |location=New Haven, CT |url=https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/international-climate-opinion-february-2021d.pdf |access-date=5 August 2021 }} * {{Cite book |title=Future Energy: Improved, Sustainable and Clean Options for our Planet |edition=Third |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-08-102886-5 |editor-last=Letcher |editor-first=Trevor M.}} * {{cite book |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |title=Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals |chapter=Implications of the Developed Scenarios for Climate Change |date=2019 |pages=459–469 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_12 |isbn=978-3-030-05842-5}} * {{cite report |ref={{harvid|ICCT|2019}} |first1=J. |last1=Miller |first2=L. |last2=Du |first3=D. |last3=Kodjak |title=Impacts of World-Class Vehicle Efficiency and Emissions Regulations in Select G20 Countries |url=https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_G20-briefing-paper_Jan2017_vF.pdf |publisher=The International Council on Clean Transportation |location=Washington, D.C. |year=2017 }} * {{cite book |title=Copenhagen 2009: Failure or final wake-up call for our leaders? 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--> * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Kyoto Protocol|1997}} |date=1997 |author=UNFCCC |title=Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |publisher=United Nations |url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html }} <!-- ## --> <!-- Example: Decision 2/CP.15 in {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009|loc=}} --> <!-- Cite by paragraph, as page numbering is variable. --> * {{cite conference |ref={{harvid|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}} |date=30 March 2010 |author=UNFCCC |chapter=Decision 2/CP.15: Copenhagen Accord |title=Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19&nbsp;December&nbsp;2009 |id=FCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1 |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |chapter-url=http://unfccc.int/documentation/documents/advanced_search/items/3594.php?rec=j&priref=600005735#beg |access-date=17 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430005322/https://unfccc.int/documentation/documents/advanced_search/items/3594.php?rec=j&priref=600005735#beg |archive-date=30 April 2010 |url-status=live }} <!-- ## --> * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Paris Agreement|2015}} |date=2015 |author=UNFCCC |title=Paris Agreement |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf }} <!-- ## --> * {{cite report |ref={{harvid|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021}} |author=UNFCCC |date=26 February 2021 |title=Nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement Synthesis report by the secretariat |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cma2021_02E.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] }} <!-- ## --> * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|UNHCR|2011}} |title=Climate Change and the Risk of Statelessness: The Situation of Low-lying Island States |last=Park |first=Susin |date=May 2011 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/4df9cb0c9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502223251/http://www.unhcr.org/4df9cb0c9.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2012 }} * {{cite report |author=United States Environmental Protection Agency |year=2016 |title=Methane and Black Carbon Impacts on the Arctic: Communicating the Science |url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/arctic-methane-blackcarbon_communicating-the-science.pdf |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908064227/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/arctic-methane-blackcarbon_communicating-the-science.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Vautard |first1=Robert |last2=van Aalst |first2=Maarten |last3=Boucher |first3=Olivier |last4=Drouin |first4=Agathe |last5=Haustein |first5=Karsten |last6=Kreienkamp |first6=Frank |last7=van Oldenborgh |first7=Geert Jan |last8=Otto |first8=Friederike E L |last9=Ribes |first9=Aurélien |last10=Robin |first10=Yoann |last11=Schneider |first11=Michel |last12=Soubeyroux |first12=Jean-Michel |last13=Stott |first13=Peter |last14=Seneviratne |first14=Sonia I |last15=Vogel |first15=Martha M |last16=Wehner |first16=Michael |title=Human contribution to the record-breaking June and July 2019 heatwaves in Western Europe |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=7 September 2020 |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=094077 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aba3d4 |bibcode=2020ERL....15i4077V }} * {{cite book |ref=none |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=October 2008 |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-03189-0 |url=http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm |access-date=16 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118000413/http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm |archive-date=18 November 2016 }} * {{cite book |ref=none |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=February 2019 |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |edition=online |url=http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618075616/http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm |archive-date=18 June 2020 |author-link=Spencer R. Weart }} ** {{citation |ref={{harvid|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191800/http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}} ** {{citation |ref=none |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}} *** {{citation |ref={{harvid|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change: Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969) |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2 |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2 |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}} ** {{citation |ref={{harvid|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last1=Weart |first1=Spencer |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change (cont.&nbsp;– since 1980) |chapter-url=https://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191659/http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}} *** {{citation |ref={{harvid|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |first=Spencer |last=Weart |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988 |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#S1988 |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191659/http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#S1988 |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite report |ref={{harvid|World Bank, June|2019}} |title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2019 |url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/191801559846379845/pdf/State-and-Trends-of-Carbon-Pricing-2019.pdf |date=June 2019 |publisher=World Bank |location=Washington, D.C. |doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-1435-8 |hdl=10986/29687 |isbn=978-1-4648-1435-8 |hdl-access=free}} *{{cite report |ref={{harvid|World Economic Forum|2024}} |author=World Economic Forum |title=Quantifying the Impact of Climate Change on Human Health |year=2024 |url=https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Quantifying_the_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Human_Health_2024.pdf}} * {{Cite report |ref={{harvid|WHO|2016}} |author=World Health Organization 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|location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/wrr-food-full-report.pdf |isbn=978-1-56973-953-2}} {{refend}} ==== Non-technical sources ==== {{refbegin|30em}} * ''[[Associated Press]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}} |url=https://www.apstylebook.com/blog_posts/4 |title=An addition to AP Stylebook entry on global warming |last=Colford |first=Paul |date=22 September 2015 |website=AP Style Blog |access-date=6 November 2019 }} * ''[[BBC]]'' ** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|BBC, 1 May|2019}} |date=1 May 2019 |title=UK Parliament declares climate change emergency |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48126677 |access-date=30 June 2019 }} ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}} |last=Rigby |first=Sara |date=3 February 2020 |title=Climate change: should we change the terminology? |website=BBC Science Focus Magazine 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Protection Agency |date=10 September 2020 |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/myths-vs-facts-denial-petitions-reconsideration-endangerment-and-cause-or-contribute |access-date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523211147/https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/myths-vs-facts-denial-petitions-reconsideration-endangerment-and-cause-or-contribute |archive-date=23 May 2021 }} ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|EPA|2019}} |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data |title=Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |date=10 September 2024 |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218125157/https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data |archive-date=18 February 2020 }} ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|EPA|2020}} |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases |title=Overview of Greenhouse Gases |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 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The parameters for harvid should match the first two parameters used in harvnb for the short-cite in the text. --> ** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}} |last=Carrington |first=Damian |date=19 March 2019 |title=School climate strikes: 1.4 million people took part, say campaigners |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg |access-date=12 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320122303/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg |archive-date=20 March 2019 |url-status=live }} ** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}} |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/28/eu-parliament-declares-climate-emergency |title='Our house is on fire': EU parliament declares climate emergency |last=Rankin |first=Jennifer |date=28 November 2019 |work=The Guardian |access-date=28 November 2019 }} ** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}} |last=Watts |first=Jonathan |date=19 February 2020 |title=Oil and gas firms 'have had far worse climate impact than thought' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/feb/19/oil-gas-industry-far-worse-climate-impact-than-thought-fossil-fuels-methane |newspaper=The Guardian }} ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}} |date=28 October 2020 |last=McCurry |first=Justin |title=South Korea vows to go carbon neutral by 2050 to fight climate emergency |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/28/south-korea-vows-to-go-carbon-neutral-by-2050-to-fight-climate-emergency |access-date=6 December 2020 |work=The Guardian }} * ''[[International Energy Agency]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}} |title=Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020 |website=IEA |date=9 December 2020 |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/projected-costs-of-generating-electricity-2020 |access-date=4 April 2022 }} * ''[[NASA]]'' ** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|NASA, 28 May|2013}} |year=2013 |title=Arctic amplification |publisher=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/927/arctic-amplification |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731054007/https://climate.nasa.gov/news/927/arctic-amplification/ |archive-date=31 July 2018 |url-status=live }} ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|NASA, 5 December|2008}} |date=5 December 2008 |last=Conway |first=Erik M. |author-link=Erik M. 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Weather, global warming and climate change |website=NASA Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928145703/https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming/ |archive-date=28 September 2018 }} ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|NASA, 7 July|2020}} |date=7 July 2020 |editor-last=Shaftel |editor-first=Holly |editor2-last=Jackson |editor2-first=Randal |editor3-last=Callery |editor3-first=Susan |editor4-last=Bailey |editor4-first=Daniel |title=Overview: Weather, Global Warming and Climate Change |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet }} * ''[[National Conference of State Legislators]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}} |date=17 April 2020 |title=State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals |website=National Conference of State Legislators |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx |access-date=3 June 2020 }} * ''[[National Geographic]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}} |last=Welch |first=Craig |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/08/arctic-permafrost-is-thawing-it-could-speed-up-climate-change-feature/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190814144104/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/08/arctic-permafrost-is-thawing-it-could-speed-up-climate-change-feature/ |archive-date=14 August 2019 |title=Arctic permafrost is thawing fast. 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|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/uk-climate-emergency-what-does-it-mean/ |access-date=30 June 2019 |date=2 May 2019 }} * ''[[The Verge]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|The Verge, 27 December|2019}} |title=2019 was the year of 'climate emergency' declarations |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=27 December 2019 |website=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/27/21038949/climate-change-2019-emergency-declaration |access-date=28 March 2020 }} * ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Vox, 20 September|2019}} |last1=Roberts |first1=D. |date=20 September 2019 |title=Getting to 100% renewables requires cheap energy storage. But how cheap? |website=Vox |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/8/9/20767886/renewable-energy-storage-cost-electricity |access-date=28 May 2020 }} * ''[[World Health Organization]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|WHO, Nov|2023}} |date=3 November 2023 |title=We must fight one of the world's biggest health threats: climate change |website=World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/we-must-fight-one-of-the-world-s-biggest-health-threats-climate-change |access-date=19 September 2024 }} * ''[[World Resources Institute]]'' ** {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}} |date=8 August 2019 |last1=Levin |first1=Kelly |title=How Effective Is Land At Removing Carbon Pollution? The IPCC Weighs In |website=World Resources institute |url=https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/how-effective-land-removing-carbon-pollution-ipcc-weighs |access-date=15 May 2020 }} ** {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}} |date=8 December 2019 |first1=Frances |last1=Seymour |first2=David |last2=Gibbs |title=Forests in the IPCC Special Report on Land Use: 7 Things to Know |url=https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/forests-ipcc-special-report-land-use-7-things-know/ |website=World Resources Institute }} * ''[[Yale Climate Connections]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}} |title=Yale Researcher Anthony Leiserowitz on Studying, Communicating with American Public |date=2 November 2010 |last=Peach |first=Sara |publisher=Yale Climate Connections |access-date=30 July 2018 |url=https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130823/https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public/ |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live }} {{refend}} jln87mg1hn5n4jg1pvvmn6huo6ze31f Iparun igbo 0 80344 632115 622445 2026-08-19T18:10:04Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Yíyí igbó padà sí ohun tí kì í ṣe igbó fún lílò ọmọ ènìyàn}} {{redirect|Forest clearing|àlàfo nínú igbó|Glade (geography)}} {{redirect|Deforest|àwọn lílò míràn|DeForest (disambiguation)}} {{for|"ìparun igbó" nínú ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì kọ̀ǹpútà|Deforestation (computer science)}} {{pp-semi-indef}} {{Use dmy dates|date=oṣù Kẹfà 2020}} {{owidslider |start = 2020 |list = Template:OWID/Annual deforestation#gallery |location = commons |caption = |title = |language = |file = [[File:Annual deforestation, World, 2020 (cropped).svg|link=|thumb|upright=1.6|right|Ìparun igbó ọlọ́dọọdún]] |startingView = World }} [[File:Operação Hymenaea, Julho-2016 (29399454651).jpg|thumb|[[Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest|Ìparun igbó kìjikìji Amazon]] ní ìpínlẹ̀ [[Maranhão]] ti orílẹ̀-èdè Brazil, 2016]] [[File:Riau palm oil 2007.jpg|thumb|Ìparun igbó ní ẹkùn Riau, Sumatra, ní [[Indonesia]] láti pèsè ààyè fún ọgbà [[oil palm|igi ọ̀pẹ]] ní 2007.]] [[File:Hillside deforestation in Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Ìparun igbó ní ìlú Rio de Janeiro ní ìpínlẹ̀ [[Rio de Janeiro]] ti orílẹ̀-èdè Brazil, 2009]] '''Ìparun igbó''' tàbí '''ìfawó igbó''' ni yíyọ àti ìparun [[forest|igbó]] tàbí ọ̀wọ́ àwọn igi kúrò lórí ilẹ̀ tí a wá [[land conversion|yí padà]] fún lílò tí kì í ṣe ti igbó.<ref>[http://dictionaryofforestry.org/dict/term/deforestation SAFnet Dictionary|Ìtumọ̀ fún [deforestation&#93;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725234528/http://dictionaryofforestry.org/dict/term/deforestation|date=Ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje 2011}}. Dictionary of forestry.org (Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje 2008). A gba wọlé ní Ọjọ́ kẹẹdógún oṣù Kàrún 2011.</ref> Ìparun igbó lè ní nínú yíyí ilẹ̀ igbó padà sí [[farm|oko]], [[ranch|ibùdó ẹran-ọ̀sìn]], tàbí fún lílò [[urban area|ìgboro]]. Ní báyìí, igbó ti bo nǹkan bíi ìdá mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref>[http://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation Deforestation|Threats|WWF]. Worldwildlife.org. A gba wọlé ní Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù Kọkànlá 2016.</ref> Èyí dín ní ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta sí [[forest cover|ìbòrí igbó]] kí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó fẹ̀ síi, pẹ̀lú ìdajì àdánù yẹn tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀rúndún tó kọjá.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ritchie|first1=Hannah|author1-link=Hannah Ritchie |last2=Roser|first2=Max|author2-link=Max Roser |date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù Kejì 2021|title=Forests and Deforestation|url=https://ourworldindata.org/forest-area|journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> Ní ìpíndọ́gba, a ń gé igi ẹgbàá lé ní irínwó lulẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́jú kọ̀ọ̀kan.<ref>{{cite web|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2020|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣirò yàtọ̀ síra gidigidi nípa bí ìparun igbó ṣe pọ̀ tó ní àwọn [[tropics|ilẹ̀ olóoru]].<ref name=":0">{{cite report |author=Derouin, Sarah |title=Deforestation: Facts, Causes & Effects |publisher=Live Science |date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù Karyun 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Chaudhari |first=P. R. |title=Deforestation in Tropics |publisher=IntechOpen |year=2018 |doi=10.5772/intechopen.79633}}</ref> Ní 2019, fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àpapọ̀ àdánù ìbòrí igi, tàbí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta ó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rin-kẹ́rin, ló ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú [[primary forests|igbó kìjikìji]] ilẹ̀ olóoru ọlọ́rinrin. Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni àwọn agbègbè [[rainforest|igbó òjò]] tó ti dàgbà tí ó ṣe pàtàkì púpọ̀ fún [[biodiversity|oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè]] àti [[Carbon sequestration|ìpamọ́ èròjà kábọ́ọ̀nù]].<ref name="Guy-2020">{{cite news |last=Guy |first=Jack |title=Global rainforest destruction increased last year |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/02/world/rainforest-destruction-2019-intl-scli-scn/index.html |work=CNN |date=Ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kẹfà 2020}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite report |title=Global Forest Watch |publisher=World Resources Institute |year=2020 |url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org}}</ref> <!--ìpín yìí sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn ohun tó ń fà á --> Lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀, ohun pàtàkì tó ń fa púpọ̀ nínú ìparun igbó ni iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref name="UNFCC-2007">{{cite report |title=Investment and financial flows to address climate change |publisher=UNFCCC |year=2007 |pages=81}}</ref> Ní 2025 fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìdá àádọ́rùn-ún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ìparun igbó káríayé ni iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fà, pẹ̀lú fífẹ̀ ilẹ̀ oko àti dídá pápá oko tútù gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn gangan tó ń fà á, èyí ga púpọ̀ ju ìdá ọgọ́rin nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ ní 2012.<ref name="ScienceDaily-2018">{{cite news |title=Agricultural expansion drives deforestation |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180913114013.htm |work=ScienceDaily |date=Ọjọ́ kòkàndínlọ́gàún oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7067en |title=The State of Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140142-2 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7067en}}</ref> A ń sọ igbó di ọgbà fún [[coffee|kọfí]], [[palm oil|epo ọ̀pẹ]], [[rubber|rọ́bà]] àti oríṣìíríṣìí àwọn ọjà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ mìíràn.<ref name="WWF-2020" /> Jíjẹ [[grazing|oko tútù]] àwọn ẹran-ọ̀sìn tún ń fa ìparun igbó. Àwọn ohun mìíràn tó tún ń fà á ni [[wood industry|ilé-iṣẹ́ igi]] ([[logging|gígé igi]]), [[urbanization|ìsọdòpópó]], àti [[mining|ìwakùsà]]. Àwọn [[effects of climate change|ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]] tún jẹ́ okùnfà mìíràn nípasẹ̀ ewu púpọ̀ síi ti [[wildfire|iná igbó]] (wo [[deforestation and climate change|ìparun igbó àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]]). <!--ìpín yìí sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn àbájáde rẹ̀ --> Ìparun igbó ń yọrí sí [[habitat destruction|ìparun ibùgbé]] èyí tí ó wá ń fa [[biodiversity loss|àdánù oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè]]. Ìparun igbó tún ń fa [[extinction|ìparun]] àwọn ẹranko àti ewéko, àwọn ìyípadà sí ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè, àti lílé àwọn [[Indigenous peoples|ọmọ onílẹ̀]] tí wọ́n ń gbé nínú igbó kúrò ní àwùjọ wọn. Àwọn agbègbè tí a ti pa igbó wọn run tún máa ń ní àwọn ìṣòro àyíká mìíràn púpọ̀ bíi [[desertification|ìsọdi-aṣálẹ̀]] àti [[soil erosion|ìgbẹ́lẹ̀ lọ ti omi tàbí afẹ́fẹ́]]. <!--ìpín yìí sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn àbájáde rẹ̀ ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ --> Ìṣòro mìíràn tún ni pé ìparun igbó ń dín gbígba afẹ́fẹ́ carbon dioxide ([[carbon sequestration|ìpamọ́ èròjà kábọ́ọ̀nù]]) kúrò nínú òfuurufú kù. Èyí ń dín agbára igbó kù láti ṣèrànwọ́ pẹ̀lú [[climate change mitigation|ìdínkù ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]]. Ipa tí igbó ń kó nínú gbígba àti títọ́jú kábọ́ọ̀nù pẹ̀lú dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù tún ṣe pàtàkì fún ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref name="FAO & UNEP-2020">{{cite book|title=The State of the World's Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people – In brief|publisher=FAO & UNEP|year=2020|isbn=978-92-5-132707-4|location=Rome|doi=10.4060/ca8985en|s2cid=241416114}}</ref> Ìdí fún ìsopọ̀ yìí ni pé àwọn [[effects of climate change on agriculture|ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀]] ń mú àwọn ewu tuntun bá àwọn [[food system|ètò oúnjẹ]] káríayé.<ref name="FAO & UNEP-2020" /> Látìgbà 1990, a ti ṣírò rẹ̀ pé a ti pàdánù àwọn igbó tó tó [[orders of magnitude (area)#108 to 1014 square metres|hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù irínwó ó lé ogún]] nípasẹ̀ [[land conversion|yíyí padà]] fún àwọn [[land use|lílò ilẹ̀]] mìíràn, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ìparun igbó ti dín kù ní ẹ̀wádún mẹ́ta sẹ́yìn. Lágàárín 2015 sí 2020, a ṣírò ìwọ̀n ìparun igbó sí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá lọ́dọọdún, èyí tó dín kù láti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìndínlógún lọ́dọọdún ní àwọn ọdún 1990. Agbègbè igbó kìjikìji káríayé ti dín kù pẹ̀lú ohun tó ju hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù ọgọ́rin lọ láti 1990. Igbó tí ó ju hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ ni iná igbó, kòkòrò àrùn, àrùn, [[invasive species|àwọn ẹ̀yà ọ̀gbìn tàbí ẹranko àjèjì rírun]], [[drought|ọ̀dá]] àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ búburú ti kọlu pẹ̀lú ipa búburú.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The State of the World's Forests 2020. In brief – Forests, biodiversity and people|publisher=FAO & UNEP|isbn=978-92-5-132707-4|location=Rome|pages=9–10}}</ref> == Ìtumọ̀ == [[File:Annual change in forest area, world map, OWID.png|alt=Àwòrán yìí ṣe àfihàn máàpù tó tọ́ka sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n àyípadà àpapọ̀ agbègbè igbó wọn. Àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n farahàn láró dúdú-fẹ́ẹ́rẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n àyípadà àpapọ̀ tó ga ju àwọn agbègbè tó farahàn ní awo yẹ̀rì. Àwọn agbègbè awo ilẹ̀ tọ́ka sí àpapọ̀ àdánù agbègbè igbó.|thumb|Ìwọ̀n àyípadà àpapọ̀ agbègbè igbó fún orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan ní 2020]] A túmọ̀ ìparun igbó gẹ́gẹ́ bíi yíyí igbó padà fún àwọn lílò ilẹ̀ mìíràn (láìka bóyá ẹ̀dá ènìyàn ló fà á tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́).<ref name="GFRA2020">{{cite web|title=Global Forest Resource Assessment 2020|url=http://www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/2020/en/|access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2020|website=www.fao.org|language=en|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kàrún 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520105408/http://www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/2020/en}}</ref> ''Ìparun igbó'' àti ''àyípadà àpapọ̀ agbègbè igbó'' kì í ṣe nǹkan kan náà: èkejì ni àkópọ̀ gbogbo àdánù igbó (ìparun igbó) àti gbogbo èrè igbó (ífẹ̀sí igbó) ní àsìkò kan pàtó. Nítorí náà, àyípadà àpapọ̀ lè jẹ́ àlékún tàbí ìdínkù, ó sinmi lórí bóyá èrè pọ̀ ju àdánù lọ, tàbí tóbá jẹ́ òdì kejì rẹ̀.<ref name="GFRA2020" /> == Ipò tí ó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nípa kọ́ńtínẹ́ntì, ẹkùn, orílẹ̀-èdè == [[File:Annual-change-forest-area.svg|thumb|Àyípadà ọlọ́dọọdún nínú agbègbè igbó]] Àgbáyé ní àpapọ̀ agbègbè igbó tó jẹ́ hẹ́kítà bílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin àti dásímà ọ̀kan mẹ́rin, èyí tó jẹ́ ìdá méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àpapọ̀ ilẹ̀ káríayé tí ó sì dọ́gba mọ́ odo àti dásímà márùn-ún odo hẹ́kítà igbó fún ẹnì kọ̀ọ̀kan. Agbègbè ilẹ̀ olóoru ló ní ìpín tó pọ̀ jùlọ nínú àwọn igbó àgbáyé pẹ̀lú ìdá márùnléláàádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún, èyí tí agbègbè boreal, agbègbè pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ dídì àti agbègbè pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ ilẹ̀ olóoru tẹ̀lé.<ref>{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd6709en |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140082-1 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd6709en}}</ref> Nínú àwọn ẹkùn wọ̀nyí, kọ́ńtínẹ́ǹtì Yúróòpù (Europe) ló ní agbègbè igbó tó tóbi jùlọ, tí ó kó ìdá márùnlélógún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún gbogbo àpapọ̀ ayé. Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà ló ní ìpín igbó tó pọ̀ jùlọ, ní ìdá mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ti àpapọ̀ ilẹ̀ rẹ̀. Ohun tó ju ìdajì lọ, tàbí ìdá mẹ́rìnléláàádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún, nínú àwọn igbó àgbáyé ló wà nínú orílẹ̀-èdè márùn-ún péré (ní ìtò lẹ́sẹẹsẹ láti orí èyí tó tóbi jù); [[Russia]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[United States|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] àti [[China]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd6709en |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140082-1 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd6709en}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n àpapọ̀ àdánù igbó káríayé dín kù láti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá àti dásímà méje lọ́dọọdún lágàárín 1990–2000 sí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta àti dásímà mẹ́fà ẹjọ lọ́dọọdún ní 2000–2015, àwọn ohun tó fà á gangan ni ìbísí ńlá nínú agbègbè igbó ní Canada, China, Ìṣọ̀kan Rọ́ṣíà àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà. Ìwọ̀n àpapọ̀ àdánù igbó ọlọ́dọọdún pọ̀ síi ní àsìkò 2015–2025, dé hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin àti dásímà ọ̀kan méjì, èyí sì jẹ́ nítorí ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n èrè igbó (ìyẹn, gbígbìn igi àti ìfẹ̀sí igbó lọ́nà ti ẹ̀dá).<ref name=":4" /> Àjọ FAO ṣe ìṣirò pé àpapọ̀ ìpamọ́ kábọ́ọ̀nù igbó káríayé ti dín kù ní ìdá odo àti dásímà mẹ́sàn-án nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún, àti pé ìbòrí igi dín kù ní ìdá mẹ́rin àti dásímà méjì nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún lágàárín 1990 sí 2020.<ref name="FAO-2020">{{cite web|author = FAO|title= Global Forest Resources Assessment|url = http://www.fao.org/3/ca9825en/CA9825EN.pdf|year = 2020}}</ref>{{rp|16, 52}} {|class="wikitable" |+Àwọn àyípadà nínú ìpamọ́ kábọ́ọ̀nù igbó gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ẹkùn<br/>Àwọn ìṣirò ní gigatons<ref name="FAO-2020" />{{rp|52, table 43}} !Ẹkùn!!1990!!2020 |- |Yúróòpù (tó fi mọ́ Russia)||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé méjìdínlọ́gọ́ta dásímà méje||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé méjìléláàádọ́rin dásímà mẹ́rin |- |Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé mẹ́rìndínlógójì dásímà mẹ́fà||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé ogójì dásímà odo |- |Áfíríkà||style="text-align:right;"|mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rùn-ún dásímà mẹ́ta||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rin dásímà mẹ́sàn-án |- |Gúúsù àti Gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà lápapọ̀||style="text-align:right;"|márùnlélógójì dásímà ẹjọ||style="text-align:right;"|mọ́kànlélógójì dásímà márùn-ún |- |Oṣéáníà||style="text-align:right;"|mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n dásímà mẹ́rin||style="text-align:right;"|mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n dásímà ọ̀kan |- |Àárín Amẹ́ríkà||style="text-align:right;"|márùn-ún dásímà odo||style="text-align:right;"|mẹ́rin dásímà ọ̀kan |- |Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé mọ́kànlélọ́gọ́ta dásímà ẹjọ||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé mẹ́rìnlélógójì dásímà ẹjọ |} Ní ti 2019, àìfohùnṣọ̀kan ṣì wà lórí bóyá igbó káríayé ń dín kù tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́: "Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a ṣírò pé àpamọ́ kábọ́ọ̀nù tó wà lókè ilẹ̀ ń dín kù ní àwọn ilẹ̀ olóoru, wọ́n ń pọ̀ síi káríayé nítorí àlékún àpamọ́ nínú àwọn igbó pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ dídì àti agbègbè boreal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Chapter 4. Land Degradation.|author=IPCC|date=2019a|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/11/07_Chapter-4.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220131010/https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/11/07_Chapter-4.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-20|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|385}} [[Deforestation by region|Ìparun igbó ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè]]—bóyá èyí tó ṣẹlẹ̀ lọ́nà ti ẹ̀dá<ref>{{Cite web|title=The causes of deforestation|url=http://www.eniscuola.net/en/argomento/rain-forest/deforestation/the-causes-of-deforestation/|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Eniscuola}}</ref> tàbí [[human impact on the environment|èyí tí ẹ̀dá ènìyàn fà]]—jẹ́ ìṣòro tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-24|title=The five: areas of deforestation|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/24/the-five-areas-of-deforestation-amazon-ethiopia-siberia-papua-south-sudan|access-date=2020-06-05|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Lágàárín 2000 àti 2012, igbó tó tó mílíọ̀nù méjì àti dásímà mẹ́ta kìlómítà onígun mẹ́rin káríayé ni a gé lulẹ̀.<ref name="nature1">[http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/rainforests/rainforests-facts.xml "Facts About Rainforests"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022034531/http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/rainforests/rainforests-facts.xml|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2015}}. [[The Nature Conservancy]]. A gba wọlé ní Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2015.</ref> Ìparun igbó àti ìbàjẹ́ igbó ń tẹ̀síwájú láti máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀n tó kọyọyọ, èyí tó ń ṣe àfikún púpọ̀ sí [[loss of biodiversity|àdánù oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè]] tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́.<ref name="FAO & UNEP-2020" /> [[File:Land-use-of-different-diets-Poore-Nemecek.png|thumb|right|Iye ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a nílò káríayé yóò dín kù nípasẹ̀ ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin tí gbogbo àwùjọ bá bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í jẹ [[Veganism|oúnjẹ ewébẹ̀ nìkan]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Poore|first1=J.|last2=Nemecek|first2=T.|title=Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers|url=https://archive.org/details/science_2018-06-01_360_6392/page/987|journal=Science|date=Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kẹfà 2018|volume=360|issue=6392|pages=987–992|doi=10.1126/science.aaq0216|pmid=29853680|bibcode=2018Sci...360..987P|doi-access=free|issn=0036-8075 }}</ref>]] Agbègbè igbó pọ̀ síi ní Éṣíà lágàárín 1990 àti 2025, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó wà ní ìwọ̀n tó kéré jùlọ nínú ẹ̀wádún tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí. Agbègbè igbó tún pọ̀ síi nínú àsìkò ọdún márùnlélọ́gbọ̀n ní Yúróòpù àti ní ìwọ̀n tó kéré díẹ̀ ní Àríwá àti Àárín Amẹ́ríkà. Agbègbè igbó ti dín kù gidigidi ní Áfíríkà àti Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà láti 1990, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n àdánù náà dín kù nínú àwọn ẹkùn méjèèjì ní ẹ̀wádún tó parí ní 2025.<ref name=":4" /> A ti pàdánù igbó tó tó hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù irínwó ó lé mẹ́sàndínlọ́gọ́rùn-ún káríayé nípasẹ̀ ìparun igbó láti 1990, ṣùgbọ́n ìwọ̀n àdánù náà ti dín kù. A ṣírò ìwọ̀n ìparun igbó sí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá àti dásímà mẹ́sàn-án lọ́dọọdún ní 2015–2025, èyí tó dín kù láti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́tàlá àti dásímà mẹ́fà lọ́dọọdún ní 2000–2015 àti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́tàdínlógún àti dásímà mẹ́fà lọ́dọọdún ní 1990–2000. Ìwọ̀n ìfẹ̀sí igbó dín kù láti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́sàn-án àti dásímà ẹjọ ẹjọ lọ́dọọdún ní 2000–2015 sí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́fà àti dásímà méje ẹjọ lọ́dọọdún nínú ẹ̀wádún tó parí ní 2025. Ìparun igbó burú púpọ̀ síi nínú àwọn igbó ilẹ̀ olóoru àti pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ olóoru ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ọrọ̀ ajé wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ń gbòòrò. Ohun tó ju ìdajì gbogbo irúfẹ́ ọ̀gbìn àti ẹranko ilẹ̀ káríayé ló ń gbé nínú [[tropical forest|igbó ilẹ̀ olóoru]].<ref name="Rainforest Facts">[http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/rainforests/rainforests-facts.xml Rainforest Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022034531/http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/rainforests/rainforests-facts.xml|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2015}}. Nature.org (Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kọkànlá 2016). A gba wọlé ní Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù Kọkànlá 2016.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìparun igbó, kìkì mílíọ̀nù mẹ́fà àti dásímà méjì kìlómítà onígun mẹ́rin péré ló sẹ́kù nínú àpapọ̀ mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìndínlógún kìlómítà onígun mẹ́rin ti igbó òjò ilẹ̀ olóoru tó kọ́kọ́ bo Ilẹ̀-Ayé.<ref name="nature1" /> A pàdánù igbó kìjikìji ilẹ̀ olóoru tó ju hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta àti dásímà mẹ́fà lọ ní 2018.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/06/human-society-under-urgent-threat-loss-earth-natural-life-un-report Human society under urgent threat from loss of Earth's natural life. Scientists reveal 1 million species at risk of extinction in damning UN report] Ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù Kàrún 2019 Guardian [https://www.dropbox.com/sh/yd8l2v0u4jqptp3/AACpraYjOYWpTxAFv5H-2vrKa/1%20Global%20Assessment%20Summary%20for%20Policymakers?dl=0&preview=Summary+for+Policymakers+IPBES+Global+Assessment.pdf&subfolder_nav_tracking=1]</ref> A ṣírò àpapọ̀ àdánù igi ọlọ́dọọdún káríayé sí nǹkan bíi bílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá.<ref>{{cite news|date=Ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2015|title=Earth has 3 trillion trees but they're falling at alarming rate|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-trees-idUSKCN0R21Z620150902|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kàrún 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Carrington|first1=Damian|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Keje 2019|title=Tree planting 'has mind-blowing potential' to tackle climate crisis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/04/planting-billions-trees-best-tackle-climate-crisis-scientists-canopy-emissions|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kàrún 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ìṣirò Ohun-àmúṣọrọ̀ Igbó Káríayé ([[Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA)|Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020]]), ìpíndọ́gba àpapọ̀ ilẹ̀ tí a pa igbó rẹ̀ run káríayé lọ́dọọdún nínú ìdajì ẹ̀wádún 2015–2020 jẹ́ hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá, àti pé ìpíndọ́gba àpapọ̀ àdánù agbègbè igbó lọ́dọọdún nínú ẹ̀wádún 2000–2010 jẹ́ hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin àti dásímà méje.<ref name="GFRA2020" /> Àgbáyé ti pàdánù hẹ́kítà igbó mílíọ̀nù ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé méjìdínlọ́gọ́rin láti 1990, èyí tó jẹ́ agbègbè tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó títóbi orílẹ̀-èdè Libya.<ref name="GFRA2020" /> Àtúpalẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀nà ìparun igbó káríayé ní 2021 fihàn pé àwọn ọ̀nà ìṣòwò, ìṣàgbéjáde, àti ìlò ọjà ń darí ìwọ̀n ìparun igbó ní àwọn ọ̀nà tó díjú. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a lè fa máàpù ibi tí ìparun igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀, kì í sábàá dọ́gba mọ́ ibi tí a ti ń lo ọjà náà. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, a ṣírò pé àwọn ọ̀nà ìlò ọjà nínú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè [[G7 countries|G7]] ń fa àdánù igi mẹ́ta àti dásímà mẹ́sàn-án fún ẹnì kọ̀ọ̀kan lọ́dọọdún. Ní gbólóhùn mìíràn, ìparun igbó lè ní ìsopọ̀ tààrà pẹ̀lú àwọn ọjà àkówọlé—fún àpẹẹrẹ, kọfí.<ref>{{cite news|date=Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta 2021|title=Average westerner's eating habits lead to loss of four trees every year|language=en|work=the Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/mar/29/average-westerners-eating-habits-lead-to-loss-of-four-trees-every-year|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kẹrin 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hoang|first1=Nguyen Tien|last2=Kanemoto|first2=Keiichiro|date=Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta 2021|title=Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01417-z|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=5|issue=6|pages=845–853|doi=10.1038/s41559-021-01417-z|issn=2397-334X|pmid=33782576|bibcode=2021NatEE...5..845H|s2cid=232420306|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kẹrin 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ní 2023, Ìṣọ́ Igbó Káríayé ([[Global Forest Watch]]) jábọ̀ ìdínkù ìdá mẹ́sàn-án nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún nínú àdánù igbó kìjikìji ilẹ̀ olóoru ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún tó ṣáájú, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdínkù ńlá ní ẹkùn [[Brazil]] àti [[Colombia]] tí àwọn àlékún ní àwọn ibòmíràn bò mọ́lẹ̀, èyí tó yọrí sí àlékún ìdá mẹ́ta àti dásímà méjì nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún nínú ìparun igbó káríayé. Àwọn iná igbó ńlá ní [[Canada]], tí [[climate change|ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]] tún mú burú síi, ṣe àfikún sí àlékún ìdá mẹ́rìnlélógún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún nínú àdánù ìbòrí igi káríayé, èyí tó tẹnumọ́ àwọn ewu tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́ sí àwọn igbó tí ó ṣe pàtàkì fún [[carbon storage|ìpamọ́ kábọ́ọ̀nù]] àti [[biodiversity|oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè]]. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìtẹ̀síwájú díẹ̀ wà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àpapọ̀ nínú ìparun igbó àti àwọn ipa ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì kùdìẹ̀-kà-diẹ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spring|first=Jake|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Kẹrin 2024|editor-last=Dunham|editor-first=Will|title=Tropical forest loss eased in 2023 but threats remain, analysis shows|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/tropical-forest-loss-eased-2023-threats-remain-analysis-shows-2024-04-04/?user_email=6bc715b3fd56b766900ace1f93bf9c8b38d3b44d9557f041acbc54ed318c154f|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Kẹrin 2024|website=www.reuters.com}}</ref> Ìjábọ̀ Ìṣirò Kẹfà ti IPCC ([[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report]]) sọ ní 2022 pé: "A pàdánù igbó tó ju hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù irínwó ó lé ogún lọ sí ìparun igbó láti 1990 sí 2020; ohun tó ju ìdá àádọ́rùn-ún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àdánù yẹn ló ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ olóoru (pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú gíga), èyí tó ń dẹ́rùbà oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè, àwọn iṣẹ́ àyíká, ọ̀nà ìgbẹ́mìíró ti àwọn àwùjọ inú igbó àti agbára láti faradà àwọn wàhálà ojú-ọjọ́ (pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú gíga)."<ref>Ometto, J.P., K. Kalaba, G.Z. Anshari, N. Chacón, A. Farrell, S.A. Halim, H. Neufeldt, and R. Sukumar, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_CCP7.pdf CrossChapter Paper 7: Tropical Forests]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/chapter/ccp7/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability]. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2369–2410, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.024.</ref> Ẹ tún wo: *[[Deforestation by continent|Ìparun igbó gẹ́gẹ́ bíi kọ́ńtínẹ́ǹtì]] ** {{in title|deforestation in}} ** {{in title|deforestation of}} ** {{in title|land clearing in}} ==References== {{reflist}} 08dfwv3bin0clg91s2p06gx3f7v75g8 Ìdìbò Ààrẹ ọdún 1993 0 80371 632062 622536 2026-08-19T16:47:23Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|1993 Nigerien presidential election}} {{Short description|None}} {{Use Nigerian English|date=June 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox election | country = Nigeria | type = presidential | previous_election = 1983 Nigerian presidential election | previous_year = 1983 | next_election = 1999 Nigerian presidential election | next_year = 1999 | election_date = 12 June 1993 | image1 = | nominee1 = '''[[Moshood Abiola]]''' | party1 = Social Democratic Party (Nigeria) | running_mate1 = '''[[Baba Gana Kingibe]]''' | popular_vote1 = '''8,341,309''' | percentage1 = '''58.36%''' | image2 = 3x4.svg | nominee2 = [[Bashir Tofa]] | party2 = [[National Republican Convention|NRC]] | running_mate2 = [[Sylvester Ugoh]] | colour2 = D82628 | popular_vote2 = 5,952,087 | percentage2 = 41.64% | map_image = Map of the 1993 Nigerian presidential election.svg | map_caption = States won by Abiola (green) and Tofa (red) | title = President | before_election = [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]] | before_party = | after_election = Election results annulled <br> {{small|([[Sani Abacha]] becomes head of state)}} | after_party = }}{{Politics of Nigeria}} Ìdìbò sí ipò Ààrẹ orilẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1993 ni ó wáyé ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1993. Ìdìbò yí ni ó jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba àwọn ológun tí ó sì ṣí ilẹ̀kùn fún ìṣèjọba àwa-ara-wa ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì lábẹ́ ìṣèjọba ọ̀gágun apàṣẹ-wàá The annulment led Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé ìjọba ológun wọ́gi lé ìdìbò náà pẹ̀lú àwíjàre wípé ètò ìdìbò náà ní kọ́nu-n-kọ́họ nínú. Àmọ́, àwọn elétò ìdìbò ti kéde olóyè [[M. K. O. Abíọ́lá]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ó jáwé olúborí nínú ètò ìdìbò náà tí alátakò rẹ̀ lábẹ́ ẹgbé ìṣèlú [[National Republican Convetion]] [[Bashir Tofa]] sì pàdánù. Ìfọwọ́ rọ́bò yí dànù dá wahálà sílẹ̀ jákè-jádò orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó sì fi ìjọba fìdíhẹ sí orí àlééfà, èyí tí ó mú ìjọba ológun míràn tún gorí ìṣèjọb orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba tí kò mú ìtàjẹ̀sílẹ̀ dání ní inú oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1993. estaAàrẹ Sani Abacha fi ẹni tí ó jáwé olúborí nínú ètò ìdìbò ti ọdún 199 In 1987, the government established the National Electoral Commission (NEC) to oversee the electoral process. 3 ìyẹn Moshood Abiola sí ẹ̀wọ̀n lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ẹ̀sùn ìdìtẹ̀ mọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kàn án látarí wípé ó kéde ara rẹ̀ bíi Aàrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí a ìdìbò yàn ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]. ==Bí ó ṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀ == Ọdún 1983 ni àwọn ọmọ ogun orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà gbajọba lọ́wọ́ Aàrẹ adìbòyàn [[Shehu Shagaru]] látarí àṣẹ tí Shagari pa lórí ogun [[Chadian–Nigerian War]], èyí tí ọ̀gágun [[Ibrahim Babangida]] darí rẹ̀ po ẹ́lú atilehin [[owó]] láti ọ̀dọ̀ bọ̀rọ̀kìnní ilẹ̀ [[Ẹ̀gbá]] olóyè [[Moshood Abiola]]. Àwọn ológun fi adarí ogun [[Muahammadu Buhari]] tí òun náa ń léwájú nínú ogun Chad yí, sórí àpèrè àsẹ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí Aàrẹ ológun. Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n osù kẹjọ ọdún 1985 ni Babangida lè Buhari kúrò lórí ipò tí pẹ̀lú ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=Osita |first1=Agbu |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-582 |title=The Politics of Opposition in Contemporary Africa |publisher=Nordiska Afrikainstitutet |year=1998 |editor-last=Olukoshi |editor-first=Abedayo O. |chapter=Political Opposition and Democratic Transitions in Nigeria, 1985-1996}}</ref>Lẹ́yìn tí Babangida bọ́ sípò tán, ó dá [[Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria)|Armed Forces Ruling Council]] sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alábòójútó ìjọba ológun tí yóò rí sí ìdápadà ìjọba fún àwọn olóṣèlú àwa-ara-wa èyí tí wọ́n gbèrò wípé yóò wáyé ní oṣù kẹwá ọdún 1990.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Suberu|first1=Rotimi T.|date=1 May 1994|title=The Democratic Recession in Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-history_1994-05_93_583/page/213|journal=Current History|volume=93|issue=583|pages=213–218|doi=10.1525/curh.1994.93.583.213 |s2cid=140298521 }}</ref> Ìjọba Babangida dá ilé-isẹ́ elétò ìdìbò ti ''National Electoral Commission'' (NEC) sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1987 kí wọ́n lè rí sí ètò ìdìbò gbogbo-gbò náà. Babangida tún dà [[Nigerian Political Bureau of 1986]] kí wọ́n lè fún ìjọba àti aje elétò ìdìbò ní ìmọ̀rán tí ó péye lórí ìdìbò ọ̀hún.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last1=Okoroji|first1=Joseph C.|date=November 1993|title=The Nigerian Presidential Elections|journal=Review of African Political Economy|volume=20|issue=58|pages=123–131|doi=10.1080/03056249308704029|jstor=4006115|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ajọ ''Nigerian Political Bureau'' gba ìjọba ní ìmọ̀ràn wípé yóò da kí wọ́n dà ẹgbé ìṣèlú láàyè kí ẹlẹ́yà-mẹ̀yà àti ẹlẹ́sìn-ò-jẹ̀sìn ó lè dínkù nínú ètò ìṣèlú orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Fúndí èyí, Babangida dá ìṣípò-rọpò agbára fún ìjọba awa ara wa dúró di ọdún 1992 sí osù kínní ọdún 1993. It wre finally being set for 27 August 1993.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|last1=Obi-Ani|first1=Paul|last2=Obi-Ani|first2=Ngozika A.|date=December 2010|title=Annulment of June 12, 1993 Presidential Election: A Reappraisal|journal=International Journal of Communication|volume=12|pages=1–15}}</ref> Láti lè mú kí ètò ìṣèlú ó dúró o re, ìjọba tún dá ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́sàn an mọ́ mọ́kànlélógún tí ó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ láàrín ọdún 1987 sí 1991. Bákan náà ni wọ́n ṣe alékún ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ sí ọgọ́rùn mẹ́fà. Ọdún 1987 sí 1991 ni wọ́n dìbò ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n dìbò àwọn ilé-aṣòfin àgbà ati ile aṣòfin kékeré ní ọdún 1991 ati 1992.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9" /> Ìjọba Babangida fòpin de àwọn olóṣèlú àwa-ara-wa ẹlẹ́ẹ̀krjì àti àwọn ológun láti kópa nínú ìṣèlú ìjọba àwa-ara-wa ti ẹlẹ́kẹta èyí wọ́n ṣètò rẹ̀.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Nwokedi|first1=Emeka|date=April 1994|title=Nigeria's Democratic Transition: Explaining the Annulled 1993 Presidential Election|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_round-table_1994-04_83_330/page/189|journal=The Round Table|volume=83|issue=330|pages=189–204|doi=10.1080/00358539408454202}}</ref> Lásìkò yí, ìjọba Babangida tún dojú ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba tí ó fẹ́ tọwọ́ [[Mamman Vasta]] àti [[Gideon Orka]] wáyé ní ọdún 1990. Nígbà tí ó di ọdún 1992, ìfọmọ oyè sílẹ̀ fún ìdìbò Aàrẹ bẹ̀rẹ̀, àsìkò yìí ni Babangida yí orúkọ ''The Armed Forces Rulling Council'' padà sí ''National Defence and Securtiy Council and a Civilian Transitional Council'' tí wọ́n fi [[Ernest Sonekan]] tí ó jẹ́ èyàn pàtàkì ọmọ ilẹ̀ Ẹgbá ṣe adarí rẹ̀. ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== 8md3131o4560d0o4bdzzryr152ehgi0 Igbó tí wọ́n ń jó ní Nàìjíríà 0 80374 632168 622258 2026-08-19T19:29:21Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632168 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox event|name=Bush burning in Nigeria|image=Burning bush.png.jpg|caption=A bush fire in Nigeria|type=Environmental hazard|location=Nigeria|date=Ongoing|cause=Agricultural practices, hunting, pest control, accidental ignition|outcome=Air pollution, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, damage to infrastructure and livelihoods|fatalities=Unknown|injuries=Unknown|displaced=Unknown}} '''Sísun igbó''' ni àṣà dídáná sí ewéko, yálà ní mímọ̀ tàbí láìmọ̀ọ́mọ̀, ní Nàìjíríà.Ó sábà máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àsìkò òtútù nígbà tí koríko àti èpò bá gbẹ tí wọ́n sì lè jóná. Sísun igbó ni a sábà máa ń ṣe fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, bíi gbígbẹ ilẹ̀ fún oko, kíkó àwọn kòkòrò, àti mímú kí ilẹ̀ rọ̀ sí i. Wọ́n tún ń ṣe é fún ọdẹ, nítorí pé àwọn ọdẹ kan máa ń lo iná láti lé àwọn ẹranko jáde kúrò ní ibi tí wọ́n ń sá pamọ́ sí. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, sísun igbó ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa búburú lórí àyíká, ìlera, àti ọrọ̀ ajé. Ó ń fa ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́, ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀, pípadánù onírúurú ẹ̀dá alààyè, ìtújáde gaasi afẹ́fẹ́, ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ètò àti ìgbésí ayé, àti àìfaradà sí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ tó pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="Wilson p." /> == Àwọn okùnfà == Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nǹkan ló máa ń fa jíjó ní igbó ní Nàìjíríà, títí bí: [[Fáìlì:Bush_burning_for_farming.jpg|right|thumb|Igbó tí wọ́n ń jó ní Ugwuoba ń lọ sí oko ní [[ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu]]]] * '''Àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀''' : Àwọn àgbẹ̀ kan máa ń lo iná láti gbá ilẹ̀ mọ́ fún ìgbẹ́, pàápàá jùlọ ní agbègbè ilẹ̀ onígbó àti igbó. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé sísun ewéko yóò mú kí ilẹ̀ rọrùn láti gbìn, pa èpò àti kòkòrò, àti láti fi àwọn èròjà kún ilẹ̀. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, a sábà máa ń ṣe èyí láìsí ètò tó yẹ, ìṣàkóso, tàbí àbójútó tó yẹ, ó sì lè fa iná tí kò ṣeé ṣàkóso tó ń tàn kálẹ̀ sí àwọn agbègbè mìíràn. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} * '''Ṣíṣe ọdẹ''' : Àwọn ọdẹ kan máa ń lo iná láti lé àwọn ẹranko jáde kúrò ní ibi ìpamọ́ wọn, bí eku, àwọn ẹranko afàyàfà, àti àwọn ẹyẹ. Wọ́n tún máa ń lo iná láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀nà àti ibi tí wọ́n lè gbà wọlé nínú igbó. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìṣe yìí tún lè fa iná tí kò ṣeé ṣàkóso tí ó sì ń ba ibùgbé àti orísun oúnjẹ àwọn ẹranko jẹ́.{{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} * '''Ìdènà Àrùn''' : Àwọn oníṣòwò ẹran kan máa ń lo iná láti darí àwọn kòkòrò tó ń ṣe àwọn ẹranko wọn, bí eérú, eérú, àti eṣinṣin tsetse. Wọ́n tún máa ń lo iná láti mú kí koríko tuntun dàgbà fún jíjẹun. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àṣà yìí tún lè fa iná tí kò ṣeé ṣàkóso tó lè ba ewéko àti ilẹ̀ jẹ́. {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} * '''Ìná tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ láìròtẹ́lẹ̀''' : Àwọn iná kan máa ń wáyé nítorí iná tí a fi àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ ṣe láti oríṣiríṣi orísun, bíi mànàmáná, iná láti inú ọkọ̀ tàbí ẹ̀rọ, sìgá tí a ti sọ nù, iná ìbọn, tàbí sítóòfù sísè. Iná wọ̀nyí tún lè tàn kálẹ̀ kíákíá kí ó sì fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀. {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} == Àwọn ipa == Sísun igbó ní Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa búburú lórí àyíká, ìlera, àti ọrọ̀ ajé, bíi: * '''Ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́''' : Sísun igbó máa ń mú èéfín, eérú, àti àwọn ohun èlò ìdọ̀tí jáde tí ó ń ba afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ tí ó sì ń dín ìríran kù. Èéfín náà tún lè ní àwọn ohun tí ó léwu, bíi carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, àti àwọn èròjà onígbàlódé tí ó lè ní ipa lórí ìlera ènìyàn àti ẹranko. Èéfín náà tún lè ṣe àfikún sí ìṣẹ̀dá ozone àti èéfín, èyí tí ó lè mú kí àwọn àrùn atẹ́gùn àti ọkàn pọ̀ sí i. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Ogunjobi">{{Cite journal|last1=Ogunjobi|first1=K. O.|last2=Ajayi|first2=V. O.|last3=Adefisan|first3=E. A.|title=Impact of biomass burning on aerosol properties over Nigeria|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=44|issue=8|year=2010|pages=1073–1081|doi=10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.013}}</ref> * '''Ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀''' : Sísun igbó ń ba ohun èlò oníwàláàyè àti àwọn èròjà inú ilẹ̀ jẹ́, èyí tí ó ń mú kí ó má le so èso púpọ̀ àti kí ó má le so èso púpọ̀. Ó tún ń dín omi ilẹ̀ kù, ó sì ń mú kí iwọ̀n otútù ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ń mú kí ó rọrùn láti jẹrà àti láti dìpọ̀. Ó tún ń yí pH ilẹ̀ àti ìṣiṣẹ́ àwọn kòkòrò àrùn padà, èyí tí ó ń nípa lórí dídára ilẹ̀ àti ìlera rẹ̀. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin">{{Cite journal|last1=Oluwatosin|first1=G. A.|last2=Ogunkunle|first2=A. O.|title=Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-tropical-forest-science_2011-07_23_3/page/289|journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science|volume=23|issue=3|year=2011|pages=289–297}}</ref> * '''Pípàdánù onírúurú ẹ̀dá alààyè''' : Sísun igbó ń ba ibùgbé àti orísun oúnjẹ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ewéko àti ẹranko jẹ́, ó ń dín onírúurú àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn kù. Ó tún ń pa tàbí kó lé ọ̀pọ̀ irú ẹ̀dá kúrò, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn tí ó ṣọ̀wọ́n, tí ó wà nínú ewu, tàbí tí ó wà ní ìpele kan náà. Ó tún ń nípa lórí onírúurú ìran àti ìlànà ìdàgbàsókè àwọn irú ẹ̀dá tí ó yè bọ́. {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} * '''Àwọn gáàsì tí a ń tú jáde láti inú ilé ìgbóná''' : Sísun igbó ń tú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ gáàsì tí a ń tú jáde láti inú ilé ìgbóná, bíi carbon dioxide, methane, àti nitrous oxide, èyí tí ó ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí tún lè ní ipa lórí àwọn ìrísí ojú ọjọ́ agbègbè àti àgbáyé, bí òjò, ìgbóná, àti afẹ́fẹ́. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Ogunjobi" /> * '''Ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ètò ìṣẹ̀dá àti ìgbésí ayé''' : Sísun igbó lè ba àwọn ètò ìṣẹ̀dá jẹ́ tàbí kí ó ba àwọn ètò ìṣẹ̀dá jẹ́, bí ojú ọ̀nà, afárá, ilé, àwọn ọ̀nà iná mànàmáná, àti àwọn nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì ìbánisọ̀rọ̀, èyí tó lè nípa lórí ìrìnnà, ìbánisọ̀rọ̀, àti ìfijiṣẹ́ iṣẹ́. Ó tún lè ba àwọn ohun ìní ìgbésí ayé jẹ́, bí irúgbìn, ẹran ọ̀sìn, oúnjẹ àti ohun èlò, èyí tó lè nípa lórí ààbò oúnjẹ, owó oṣù, àti àlàáfíà àwọn ènìyàn. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} * '''Àìlera sí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ tó ń pọ̀ sí i''' : Sísun igbó dín agbára àti agbára àtúnṣe àwọn ètò ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwùjọ kù láti kojú àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ bíi ọ̀dá, ìkún omi, ìgbì ooru, àti àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn. Ó tún dín agbára àwọn ètò ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwùjọ kù láti dín ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ kù, bíi nípa pípa erogba, ṣíṣàkóso omi, àti pípèsè àwọn iṣẹ́ ètò ọrọ̀ ajé . {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} == Awọn ofin ati awọn yiyan miiran == Àwọn òfin àti ìlànà ìjóná igi ní Nàìjíríà ni a ń ṣàkóso nípasẹ̀ onírúurú òfin àti ìlànà, bíi Òfin Ilé Iṣẹ́ Àgbékalẹ̀ Àyíká àti Àwọn Ìlànà (NESREA), Ètò Ìlànà Orílẹ̀-èdè lórí Àyíká, Ètò Ìgbó Orílẹ̀-èdè, àti Ètò Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè. Àwọn òfin àti ìlànà wọ̀nyí ni láti dènà, ṣàkóso, àti ṣàkóso ìjóná igi àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀, àti láti gbé ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ àti ààbò àyíká lárugẹ. Sibẹsibẹ, imuṣẹ ati imuse awọn ofin ati eto imulo wọnyi nigbagbogbo jẹ alailera ati alailagbara, nitori ọpọlọpọ awọn ipenija, gẹgẹbi aini imọ, awọn orisun, iṣiṣẹpọ, ati ifẹ iṣelu. Ju bẹẹ lọ, diẹ ninu awọn ofin ati eto imulo wọnyi ti atijọ ati pe ko ṣe afihan awọn otitọ ati awọn ipenija lọwọlọwọ ti sisun igbo ati iyipada oju-ọjọ. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin">{{Cite journal|last1=Oluwatosin|first1=G. A.|last2=Ogunkunle|first2=A. O.|title=Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-tropical-forest-science_2011-07_23_3/page/289|journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science|volume=23|issue=3|year=2011|pages=289–297}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOluwatosinOgunkunle2011">Oluwatosin, G. A.; Ogunkunle, A. O. (2011). "Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria". ''Journal of Tropical Forest Science''. '''23''' (3): <span class="nowrap">289–</span>297. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616883 23616883].</cite></ref> Nítorí náà, a nílò àwọn ìlànà tó gbéṣẹ́ jù àti tó gbéṣẹ́ jù àti àwọn ọ̀nà míì fún sísun igbó ní Nàìjíríà, bíi: * '''Ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀kọ́''' : Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti mú kí gbogbo ènìyàn mọ̀ nípa àwọn ohun tó ń fa ìgbóná àti àwọn ohun tó lè fa ìgbóná, àti àwọn àǹfààní àti ọ̀nà tí a lè gbà lo àwọn ọ̀nà míì. Èyí lè ṣeé ṣe nípasẹ̀ onírúurú ọ̀nà, bíi ìròyìn, ìpolówó, àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ìtẹ̀síwájú. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin">{{Cite journal|last1=Oluwatosin|first1=G. A.|last2=Ogunkunle|first2=A. O.|title=Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-tropical-forest-science_2011-07_23_3/page/289|journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science|volume=23|issue=3|year=2011|pages=289–297|jstor=23616883}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOluwatosinOgunkunle2011">Oluwatosin, G. A.; Ogunkunle, A. O. (2011). "Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria". ''Journal of Tropical Forest Science''. '''23''' (3): <span class="nowrap">289–</span>297. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616883 23616883].</cite></ref> * '''Àwọn ọ̀nà míràn''' : Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti gbé àwọn ọ̀nà míràn lárugẹ kí a sì gba àwọn ọ̀nà míràn tí ó lè ṣe àṣeyọrí kan náà tàbí tí ó dára jù bí sísun igbó, láìsí ìpalára fún àyíká àti ìlera. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà wọ̀nyí ni: pípa ilẹ̀ mọ́ ẹ̀rọ, fífọ ilẹ̀ mọ́, fífi ilẹ̀ mọ́, yíyípo èso, fífi oko pọ̀, gbígbin oko, ìṣàkóso kòkòrò tí a ti so pọ̀, sísun tí a ṣàkóso, àti àwọn ibi tí iná ti ń pa. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin" /> * '''Àwọn ìṣírí àti ìjìyà''' : Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti pèsè àwọn ìṣírí àti ìjìyà láti fún àwọn ìwà àti ìṣe kan tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú sísun igbó ní ìṣírí àti láti dẹ́kun. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ìṣírí àti ìjìyà wọ̀nyí ni: ìrànlọ́wọ́, àwọn owó gbèsè, àwọn ẹ̀bùn, àwọn ẹ̀bùn, ìdámọ̀, ìjìyà, ìtanràn, ẹjọ́, àti gbígbà á. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin" /> * '''Àbójútó àti ìṣàyẹ̀wò''' : Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti ṣe àkíyèsí àti ṣe àyẹ̀wò ìlò àti ipa àwọn òfin, ìlànà, àti àwọn ìṣe tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú sísun igbó. Èyí lè ṣeé ṣe nípasẹ̀ onírúurú ọ̀nà, bíi ìmòye láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ẹlòmíràn, ìwádìí pápá, ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò, àti èsì. Èyí tún lè ran lọ́wọ́ láti dá àwọn àlàfo, ìpèníjà, àti àǹfààní fún ìdàgbàsókè mọ̀ àti láti kojú wọn. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin" /> == Wo tun == * [[Gígé igi lulẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà|Pípa igbó run ní Nàìjíríà]] * [[Àwọn Ọ̀rọ̀ Àyíká Ní Niger Delta|Àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká ní Nàìjíríà]] * Iná igbó == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == === Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí === <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} === Ìwé ìtàn === * {{Cite journal|title=EFFECT OF BUSH BURNING ON HERBACEOUS PLANT DIVERSITY IN LAGOS STATE POLYTECHNIC, IKORODU CAMPUS, LAGOS|url=https://www.scienceworldjournal.org/article/view/15434|access-date=3 November 2023}} * {{Cite journal|title=Where are the 'bad fires' in West African savannas? Rethinking burning management through a space-time analysis in Burkina Faso}} == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * [https://nesrea.gov.ng/ NESREA] * [https://www.environment.gov.ng/ Ilé-iṣẹ́ Àpapọ̀ ti Àyíká] * [https://www.fao.org/nigeria/en/ Àjọ Oúnjẹ àti Àgbẹ̀ ti Àjọ Àgbáyé ní Nàìjíríà] * [https://reliefweb.int/country/nga ReliefWeb Nigeria] em8xdpuieg3bmf5e5jfkw0rl5lvotqx Àdàpọ̀ oníṣọ̀kan tí kìí ṣe methane tí ó lè yípadà 0 80379 632084 622276 2026-08-19T17:20:30Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Àwọn àkójọpọ̀ onígbà tí kìí ṣe methane''' ( '''NMVOCs''' ) jẹ́ àkójọ àwọn èròjà onígbà-ẹ̀dá tí wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣe àtúnṣe sí fọ́tòkẹ́míkà nínú afẹ́fẹ́—tí a fi ìyàsọ́tọ̀ methane hàn. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470988657|title=Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere|date=2007|location=Oxford, UK}}</ref> Àwọn NMVOC ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn èròjà oníkẹ́míkà tó yàtọ̀ síra, bíi benzene, ethanol, formaldehyde, cyclohexane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane àti acetone nínú. <ref>{{Citation|title=Section 2: Meteorology and Air Pollutants}}</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn NMVOC jọra pẹ̀lú àwọn èròjà onígbà-pípalẹ̀ (VOCs), ṣùgbọ́n pẹ̀lú methane tí a kò yọ kúrò. A kò yọ methane kúrò nínú àyíká ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ nítorí pé kò léwu. Síbẹ̀, ó jẹ́ gáàsì ewéko alágbára gan-an, pẹ̀lú ìṣiṣẹ́ díẹ̀, nítorí náà ó lè pẹ́ láyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́. <ref name=":4" /> Ẹ̀ka pàtàkì kan lára ​​àwọn NMVOC ni àwọn hydrocarbons tí kìí ṣe methane (NMHCs). Nígbà míìrán, a tún máa ń lo NMVOC gẹ́gẹ́ bí paramita àròpọ̀ fún àwọn ìtújáde, níbi tí a ti ń kó gbogbo ìtújáde NMVOC jọ pọ̀ sí ìwọ̀n kan. Tí kò bá sí ìwífún tó kún rẹ́rẹ́, èyí lè jẹ́ paramita tó le gan-an fún ìbàjẹ́ (fún àpẹẹrẹ, fún èéfín ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn tàbí ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ inú ilé). [[Fáìlì:1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene-2D-structure.svg|alt=A molecular diagram of trimethylbenzene|thumb|Trimethylbenzene jẹ́ NMVOC pàtàkì nítorí pé ó ní ìṣiṣẹ́ photokemika gíga láti ṣẹ̀dá ozone nínú afẹ́fẹ́. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012|url=free}}</ref>]] == Pataki ti kemistri afẹfẹ == Ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa àwọn NMVOC ṣe pàtàkì nínú kẹ́mísírì afẹ́fẹ́, níbi tí a ti lè lò ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣojú láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa àwọn ànímọ́ àpapọ̀ ti àwọn VOC afẹ́fẹ́fẹ́ oníṣe. Yíyọ methane kúrò jẹ́ pàtàkì nítorí pé ó ní ìṣọ̀kan àyíká tí ó ga ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀dá afẹ́fẹ́ mìíràn àti àìfaradà rẹ̀ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àìfaradà rẹ̀. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470988657|title=Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere|date=2007|location=Oxford, UK}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKoppmann2007">Koppmann, Ralf, ed. (2007). [http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470988657 ''Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere'']. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/9780470988657|10.1002/9780470988657]]. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-470-98865-7|<bdi>978-0-470-98865-7</bdi>]].</cite></ref> NMVOCs jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀ àgbélébùú kan tí ó ní gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò oní-ẹ̀mí-ara-ẹni tí ó ní afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, ènìyàn-àti-ẹ̀mí-ara-ẹni tí ó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, tí ó ní afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, àti àwọn ohun èlò oní-ẹ̀mí-ara-ẹni tí ó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, tí ó sì ní afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, tí ó sì ní afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra nínú. Àwọn ìṣirò lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tí ó fihàn pé ààrin 10,000 àti 100,000 NMVOCs ló wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, èyí tí ó pọ̀ jùlọ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìfọ́pọ̀ nínú agbègbè àwọn ohun èlò fún bílíọ̀nù tàbí àwọn ohun èlò fún bílíọ̀nù kan <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goldstein|first1=Allen H.|last2=Galbally|first2=Ian E.|date=2007|title=Known and Unexplored Organic Constituents in the Earth's Atmosphere|url=https://archive.org/details/environmental-science-technology_2007-03-01_41_5/page/1514|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=41|issue=5|pages=1514–1521|doi=10.1021/es072476p|pmid=17396635|issn=0013-936X|doi-access=|bibcode=2007EnST...41.1514G}}</ref>kójọpọ̀ àwọn èròjà wọ̀nyí àti àwọn ohun ìní àpapọ̀ wọn rọrùn láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ju àwọn èròjà kọ̀ọ̀kan lọ. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ NMVOCs ní pàtàkì nítorí ipa wọn lórí ozone afẹ́fẹ́. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Ganlin|date=2017|title=Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012|url=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHuangBrookCrippaJanssens-Maenhout2017">Huang, Ganlin; Brook, Rosie; Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Schieberle, Christian; Dore, Chris; Guizzardi, Diego; Muntean, Marilena; Schaaf, Edwin; Friedrich, Rainer (2017). [[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|"Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012"]]. ''Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics''. '''17''' (12): <span class="nowrap">7683–</span>7701. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.7683H 2017ACP....17.7683H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7324 1680-7324]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55072182 55072182].</cite></ref> A kì í tú ozone tó wà ní ìpele ilẹ̀ jáde tààrà, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ó ń ṣẹ̀dá nípasẹ̀ ìṣesí oòrùn pẹ̀lú onírúurú àwọn èròjà míràn tí a tú jáde, títí bí àwọn NMHCs (irú NMVOC kan), methane, erogba monoxide, ati nitrogen oxides. == Ìtújáde oníná tí ó ń jẹ́ biogenic == Ní àwọn agbègbè kan tí kì í ṣe ti ìlú ńlá, àwọn ìtújáde oníṣekúṣe ti NMVOCs pàdé tàbí kí wọ́n ju ìtújáde oníṣekúṣe ti àwọn NMVOC lọ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3}}</ref> === Àwọn ìtújáde ewéko === A ṣírò pé àwọn èròjà NMVOC tó tó ogoji tàbí díẹ̀ ló wà tí wọ́n ń tú jáde láti inú ewéko tí wọ́n sì ń nípa lórí ìṣẹ̀dá afẹ́fẹ́, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ NMVOC ló máa ń yí padà díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí wọn kò ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n tú jáde ní ìwọ̀n gíga sínú afẹ́fẹ́. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuenther2000">Guenther, A (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3 "Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"]. ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''34''' (<span class="nowrap">12–</span>14): <span class="nowrap">2205–</span>2230. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.2205G 2000AtmEn..34.2205G]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55449924 55449924].</cite></ref> Àwọn NMVOC pàtàkì tí ó wà ní ojú ọjọ́ yìí ní àwọn èròjà bíi terpenoids, hexenals, alkenes, aldehydes, organic acids, alcohols, ketones, àti alkanes). Àwọn NMVOC wọ̀nyí tí ewéko ń tú jáde ni a lè pín sí orísun gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí ó ti wá láti ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ìlànà méje: <ref name=":0" /> * Àwọn ìtújáde láti inú ìṣiṣẹ́ chloroplast * Àwọn ìtújáde láti inú àwọn àsopọ̀ ààbò pàtàkì * Àwọn ìtújáde láti inú àwọn ìlànà ààbò tí kò níí ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn àsopọ pàtàkì fún ààbò * Awọn itujade ti awọn homonu idagbasoke ọgbin * Àwọn ìtújáde láti inú ewéko tí a gé àti gbígbẹ * Àwọn ìtújáde òórùn òdòdó * Àwọn ìtújáde mìíràn tó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú ewéko Nínú àwọn ìlànà wọ̀nyí, a lóye àwọn ìtújáde tí ó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú chlorophyll àti àwọn ìtújáde láti inú àwọn àsopọ̀ ààbò pàtàkì dé ibi tí a ti lè ṣàlàyé nọ́mbà. Èyí ti yọrí sí àfihàn gbogbo àwọn ìlànà ìtújáde mìíràn (yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìtújáde tí ó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú chlorophyll) nípa lílo àpẹẹrẹ ìtújáde láti inú àwọn àsopọ̀ ààbò pàtàkì. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=34|issue=12–14|pages=2205–2230|doi=10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|bibcode=2000AtmEn..34.2205G|issn=1352-2310}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuenther2000">Guenther, A (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3 "Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"]. ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''34''' (<span class="nowrap">12–</span>14): <span class="nowrap">2205–</span>2230. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.2205G 2000AtmEn..34.2205G]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55449924 55449924].</cite></ref> === Àwọn ìtújáde àwọn kòkòrò àrùn ilẹ̀ === Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ NMVOC ni àwọn ohun tí kòkòrò inú ilẹ̀ (bíi methane, ethane, àti isoprene) ń ṣe. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, nítorí agbára àwọn ohun tí kòkòrò inú ilẹ̀ mìíràn ní láti mú àwọn ohun tí ó para pọ̀ di ara wọn, ilẹ̀ máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìfọṣọ fún àwọn NMVOC, èyí tí ó ń mú kí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ìṣàn NMVOC láti inú ilẹ̀ kò ṣe pàtàkì.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=34|issue=12–14|pages=2205–2230|doi=10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|bibcode=2000AtmEn..34.2205G|issn=1352-2310}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuenther2000">Guenther, A (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3 "Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"]. ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''34''' (<span class="nowrap">12–</span>14): <span class="nowrap">2205–</span>2230. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.2205G 2000AtmEn..34.2205G]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55449924 55449924].</cite></ref> === Sísun biomass === Sísun biomass, yàtọ̀ sí lílò gẹ́gẹ́ bí epo, ni a kà sí orísun biogenic. A ṣe àwòṣe àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú agbègbè tí a jóná, ìpíndọ́gba biomass tí ó wà lókè ilẹ̀ sí biomass gbogbo, ìwọ̀n ohun èlò organic tí a jóná, àti bí ó ṣe ń ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí jóná. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Guenther|first1=Alex|last2=Hewitt|first2=C. Nicholas|last3=Erickson|first3=David|last4=Fall|first4=Ray|last5=Geron|first5=Chris|last6=Graedel|first6=Tom|last7=Harley|first7=Peter|last8=Klinger|first8=Lee|last9=Lerdau|first9=Manuel|date=1995|title=A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/94JD02950|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|volume=100|issue=D5|pages=8873–8892|doi=10.1029/94JD02950|bibcode=1995JGR...100.8873G|issn=2156-2202}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ kẹ́míkà tí àwọn ìtújáde láti inú ìjóná biomass yàtọ̀ síra ní oríṣiríṣi ìpele ìjóná, ṣùgbọ́n àpapọ̀ àwọn NMVOC tí a tú jáde láti inú ìjóná ni a ṣírò pé ó jẹ́ 4.5 giramu ti Erogba fún kìlógíráàmù kan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=34|issue=12–14|pages=2205–2230|doi=10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|bibcode=2000AtmEn..34.2205G|issn=1352-2310}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuenther2000">Guenther, A (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3 "Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"]. ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''34''' (<span class="nowrap">12–</span>14): <span class="nowrap">2205–</span>2230. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.2205G 2000AtmEn..34.2205G]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55449924 55449924].</cite></ref> Àwọn NMVOC pàtàkì tí a tú jáde láti inú ìjóná ni ethane, propane, propene, àti acetylene . <ref name=":0" /> === Àwọn orísun Jioloji === Àwọn orísun pàtàkì tí ó ń fa àwọn NMVOC ní nínú ìbúgbà àti ìyọ omi tí ó ń jáde láti inú gáàsì àdánidá. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òfúrufú máa ń yọrí sí ìtújáde ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn NMVOC, ṣùgbọ́n ní ìwọ̀n tí kò ṣe pàtàkì. A fojú díwọ̀n pé ìtújáde gáàsì àdánidá yóò yọrí sí ìtújáde tó tó nǹkan bí 0.06 o 2.6 μg m <sup>−2</sup> h <sup>−1</sup> . <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lamb|first1=Brian|last2=Guenther|first2=Alex|last3=Gay|first3=David|last4=Westberg|first4=Hal|date=1987|title=A national inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90108-9|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=21|issue=8|pages=1695–1705|doi=10.1016/0004-6981(87)90108-9|bibcode=1987AtmEn..21.1695L|issn=0004-6981}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtújáde ènìyàn == Nínú Àkójọ Ìwádìí Afẹ́fẹ́ Àgbáyé ti Yúróòpù (EDGAR), a pín àwọn orísun NMVOC tí ó jẹ́ ti ènìyàn sí àwọn ẹ̀ka wọ̀nyí: <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=Ganlin|last2=Brook|first2=Rosie|last3=Crippa|first3=Monica|last4=Janssens-Maenhout|first4=Greet|last5=Schieberle|first5=Christian|last6=Dore|first6=Chris|last7=Guizzardi|first7=Diego|last8=Muntean|first8=Marilena|last9=Schaaf|first9=Edwin|date=2017|title=Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|volume=17|issue=12|pages=7683–7701|doi=10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|issn=1680-7324|url=free|bibcode=2017ACP....17.7683H}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHuangBrookCrippaJanssens-Maenhout2017">Huang, Ganlin; Brook, Rosie; Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Schieberle, Christian; Dore, Chris; Guizzardi, Diego; Muntean, Marilena; Schaaf, Edwin; Friedrich, Rainer (2017). [[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|"Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012"]]. ''Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics''. '''17''' (12): <span class="nowrap">7683–</span>7701. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.7683H 2017ACP....17.7683H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7324 1680-7324]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55072182 55072182].</cite></ref> # Ìṣẹ̀dá agbára # Igbóná fún iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ # Agbára fún àwọn ilé # Gbigbe ọna # Ile-iṣẹ Iyipada # Àwọn ìtújáde tí ń sá lọ láti inú lílo epo rọ̀bì # Àwọn ìtújáde láti àwọn ìlànà ìṣelọ́pọ́ # Àwọn Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ìsọ epo # Sísun ìdọ̀tí oko # Gbigbe ọkọ # Ọkọ̀ ojú irin, àwọn òpópónà omi, àti ìrìnnà ọkọ̀ ojú irin tí kò sí ní ojú ọ̀nà # Iná epo fossil # Egbin lile ati omi idọti # Ọkọ̀ òfúrufú EDGAR ṣe àyẹ̀wò pé ní ọdún 2015, iye NMVOCS láti àwọn ẹ̀ka mẹ́fà tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ (iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, ilé iṣẹ́ agbára, ìdọ̀tí, ilé, ìrìnnà, àti àwọn iná ilé iṣẹ́ míràn) jẹ́ 1.2*10 <sup>8</sup> tọ́ọ̀nù. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Crippa|first1=Monica|last2=Janssens-Maenhout|first2=Greet|last3=Dentener|first3=Frank|last4=Guizzardi|first4=Diego|last5=Sindelarova|first5=Katerina|last6=Muntean|first6=Marilena|last7=Van Dingenen|first7=Rita|last8=Granier|first8=Claire|date=2016|title=Forty years of improvements in European air quality: regional policy-industry interactions with global impacts|url=free|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|volume=16|issue=6|pages=3825–3841|doi=10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016|issn=1680-7324|bibcode=2016ACP....16.3825C}}</ref> Ẹ̀ka náà ni ó pèsè àwọn ìtújáde tí a ròyìn gẹ́gẹ́ bí àtẹ̀lé yìí: {| class="wikitable" |+Àwọn ìtújáde NMVOC láti ọwọ́ Ẹ̀ka <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Crippa|first=Monica|date=2016|title=Forty years of improvements in European air quality: regional policy-industry interactions with global impacts|url=free|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|volume=16|issue=6|pages=3825–3841|doi=10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016|issn=1680-7324|bibcode=2016ACP....16.3825C}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCrippaJanssens-MaenhoutDentenerGuizzardi2016">Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Dentener, Frank; Guizzardi, Diego; Sindelarova, Katerina; Muntean, Marilena; Van Dingenen, Rita; Granier, Claire (2016). [https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/16/3825/2016/ "Forty years of improvements in European air quality: regional policy-industry interactions with global impacts"]. ''Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics''. '''16''' (6): <span class="nowrap">3825–</span>3841. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ACP....16.3825C 2016ACP....16.3825C]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016|10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016]]</span>. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002A-5884-0|11858/00-001M-0000-002A-5884-0]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7324 1680-7324].</cite></ref> ! Ẹ̀ka ! Àwọn ìtújáde NMVOC (tón) |- | Ogbin | 9,450,016.04 |- | Ilé Iṣẹ́ Agbára | 856,907.07 |- | Ẹ̀gbin | 3,066,094.19 |- | Àwọn ilé | 24,948,773.51 |- | Ìrìnnà | 32,729,144.19 |- | Sísun Ilé Iṣẹ́ Míràn | 48,505,685.26 |} Àwọn ìtújáde NMVOC kárí ayé láti orísun ènìyàn ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò díẹ̀, pẹ̀lú iye ìtújáde tí ó ń pọ̀ sí i láti 119,000kt sí 169,000kt láàárín ọdún 1970 àti 2010. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Ganlin|date=2017|title=Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|volume=17|issue=12|pages=7683–7701|doi=10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|issn=1680-7324|url=free|bibcode=2017ACP....17.7683H}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHuangBrookCrippaJanssens-Maenhout2017">Huang, Ganlin; Brook, Rosie; Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Schieberle, Christian; Dore, Chris; Guizzardi, Diego; Muntean, Marilena; Schaaf, Edwin; Friedrich, Rainer (2017). [[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|"Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012"]]. ''Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics''. '''17''' (12): <span class="nowrap">7683–</span>7701. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.7683H 2017ACP....17.7683H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7324 1680-7324]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55072182 55072182].</cite></ref> Ní agbègbè, àwọn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ yàtọ̀ síra, pẹ̀lú Amẹ́ríkà àti Yúróòpù tí ń dín ìtújáde wọn kù ní àkókò kan náà, nígbà tí Áfíríkà àti Éṣíà mú ìtújáde NMVOC wọn pọ̀ sí i ní àsìkò yìí. <ref name=":1" /> Ìdínkù nínú ìtújáde láti Amẹ́ríkà àti Yúróòpù jẹ́ nítorí lílo epo èéfín aláwọ̀ ewé fún ìrìnnà àti ìyípadà àwọn ìwọ̀n ìtújáde. <ref name=":1" /> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]] 4ytiuy3osrsrhnbwp7gfsh5mxqo0p7g Ipa ile eefin 0 80444 632066 624411 2026-08-19T16:56:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:Climate_Change_Schematic.svg|thumb]] [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse_effect_with_energy_flows_shown_by_altitude.svg|thumb|Agbára ń ṣàn sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn wá sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ó sì tún ń ṣàn sókè láti Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ padà. Nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin bá gba ìtànṣán tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde, wọ́n ń dènà ìtànṣán náà láti bọ́ sí òde òfurufú. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ 33 °C (59 °F).]] Ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì tí ń di ooru mú nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ayé kan bá dènà ayé náà láti tú ooru rẹ̀ sí òde òfurufú (space), èyí tí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i. Ìgbóná ojú ilẹ̀ lè wá láti inú orísun ooru inú ayé náà fúnra rẹ̀ (gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí ní Jupiter), tàbí láti orísun òde bíi ìràwọ̀ tí ayé náà ń yí ká. Ní ti Ilẹ̀ Ayé, Oòrùn ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation), ìyẹn ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn, tí ń kọjá láàrín àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì láti gbóná ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde, tí ó jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ ni àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń gba. Èyí ń dín ìyára tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi lè tutù kù, ó sì ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru rẹ̀ ga sí i. Láìsí ipa ilé eefin, àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò jẹ́ bí −18 °C (−0.4 °F) tó tutù.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance |url=http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041104033042/http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |archive-date=4 November 2004 |access-date=15 October 2010 |work=The Climate System – EESC 2100 Spring 2007 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref><ref name="IPCC4_ch012">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |vauthors=Le Treut H, Somerville R, Cubasch U, Ding Y, [[Cecilie Mauritzen|Mauritzen C]], Mokssit A, Peterson T, Prather M |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |veditors=Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL |location=Cambridge, UK and New York, NY |page=97 |chapter=Historical Overview of Climate Change Science |access-date=25 March 2014 |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126204443/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=dead |archivedate=26 November 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126204443/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf }}</ref> Èyí jìnnà sí àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ 14 °C (57 °F) ní ọ̀rúndún ogún (20th century).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Elusive Absolute Surface Air Temperature (SAT) |url=http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |website=[[Goddard Institute for Space Studies]] |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NOAA]] |access-date=3 September 2008 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905093320/http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="clchgtrack">{{cite web |title=Yearly average temperature |url=https://climatechangetracker.org/global-warming/yearly-average-temperature |website=Climate Change Tracker}}</ref> Lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin tí ó ti wà ní àdánidá, sísun epo fosaili ti mú kí iye carbon dioxide àti methane nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-ipcc-AR4WG1-5</ref><ref name="budget">{{cite web|last=Rebecca|first=Lindsey|date=14 January 2009|title=Climate and Earth's Energy Budget : Feature Articles|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121082936/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|archive-date=21 January 2021|access-date=14 December 2020|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref> Nítorí èyí, títí di ọdún 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AR6 Synthesis Report: Summary for Policymakers Headline Statements |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/resources/spm-headline-statements/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.ipcc.ch |language=en}}</ref> ìgbóná ayé tó tó 1.2 °C (2.2 °F) ti ṣẹlẹ̀ láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-Ọ̀nà (Industrial Revolution),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fox|first=Alex|title=Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Reaches New High Despite Pandemic Emissions Reduction|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610130852/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|url-status=live}}</ref> pẹ̀lú pé àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n 0.18 °C (0.32 °F) ní gbogbo ọdún mẹ́wàá láti ọdún 1981.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Rebecca |last1=Lindsey |first2=Luann |last2=Dahlman |title=Climate Change: Global Temperature |website=NOAA Climate.gov |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth%27s%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615053036/http://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth%27s%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade. |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 June 2013 }}</ref> Gbogbo àwọn nǹkan tí ìwọ̀n ooru wọn bá ga ju odo pípé (absolute zero) lọ máa ń tú ìtànṣán ooru (thermal radiation) jáde. Ìgbì ìtànṣán ooru tí Oòrùn àti Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde yàtọ̀ síra wọn nítorí pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú wọn kò dọ́gba. Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Oòrùn jẹ́ 5,500 °C (9,900 °F), nítorí náà ó ń tú púpọ̀ nínú agbára rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation) nínú àwọn ìgbì near-infrared àti ìmọ́lẹ̀ tí ojú lè rí (visible wavelengths), èyí tí a mọ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn. Ní ìdàkejì, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré gan-an, nítorí náà ó ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde nínú àwọn ìgbì infrared àárín àti infrared jíjìn.<ref name="budget" /> Gáàsì kan ni a ń pè ní gáàsì ilé eefin bí ó bá lè gba ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gba 23% péré nínú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú tí ń wọlé láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn, ṣùgbọ́n ó ń gba 90% nínú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde.<ref name="eeb1">{{cite web |title=What is Earth's Energy Budget? Five Questions with a Guy Who Knows |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/what-is-earth-s-energy-budget-five-questions-with-a-guy-who-knows |website=NASA.gov |date=10 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> Nítorí èyí, afẹ́fẹ́ ń kó agbára jọ, ó sì ń mú kí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i. Ìwàláàyè ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) (bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a kò tíì pè é ní orúkọ yìí nígbà náà) ni Joseph Fourier kọ́kọ́ dámọ̀ràn rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1824.<ref name="Fourier 1824 136–167">{{Cite journal |last=Fourier |first=J. |date=1824 |title=Remarques Generales sur les Temperatures Du Globe Terrestre et des Espaces Planetaires |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 |url-status=live |journal=Annales de Chimie et de Physique |language=fr |volume=27 |pages=136–167 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802195946/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> Claude Pouillet tún mú àríyànjiyàn náà lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú ẹ̀rí ní ọdún 1827 àti 1838. Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn lágbára sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide.<ref name="Foote 382–383">{{cite book |last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |work=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Huddleston">{{cite web |last=Huddleston |first=Amara |date=17 July 2019 |title=Happy 200th birthday to Eunice Foote, hidden climate science pioneer |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234240/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2019 |website=NOAA Climate.gov}}</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ “greenhouse” ni Nils Gustaf Ekholm kọ́kọ́ lo fún ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ní ọdún 1901.<ref name="easterbrook.ca">{{cite web |last1=Easterbrook |first1=Steve |date=18 August 2015 |title=Who first coined the term "Greenhouse Effect"? |url=http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113131713/http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |archive-date=13 November 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015 |website=Serendipity}}</ref><ref name="Ekholm N 1901 1–62">{{cite journal |author=Ekholm N |year=1901 |title=On The Variations Of The Climate Of The Geological And Historical Past And Their Causes |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |volume=27 |pages=1–62 |bibcode=1901QJRMS..27....1E |doi=10.1002/qj.49702711702 |number=117}}</ref> == Ìtumọ̀ == A ṣe ìtúmọ̀ ipa ilé-gíláàsì lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gẹ́gẹ́ bí: “Ìpa ìtànṣán infurarẹ́dì (infrared radiative effect) ti gbogbo àwọn ohun tí ń gba ìtànṣán infurarẹ́dì nínú afẹ́fẹ́. Àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin (GHGs), àwọsánmà (clouds), àti díẹ̀ nínú aerosols ń gba ìtànṣán ilẹ̀ (terrestrial radiation) tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti apá míì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń tú jáde.”<ref name="IPCC">IPCC, 2021: Annex VII: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf Glossary] [Matthews, J.B.R., V. Möller, R. van Diemen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2215–2256, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.022.</ref> Ìpa ilé-gíláàsì tí a ti mú lágbára (enhanced greenhouse effect) ń ṣàlàyé pé nípa fífi iye àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin (GHGs) pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn), a ń mú kí ipa ilé-gíláàsì àdánidá pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="IPCC" /> == Ọ̀rọ̀ ìmọ̀-ọrọ == Ọ̀rọ̀ “ipa ilé-gíláàsì” (greenhouse effect) wá láti ìfiwéra sí ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouses). Mejeeji ilé-gíláàsì àti ipa ilé-gíláàsì ń ṣiṣẹ́ nípa pípa ooru tí ó wá láti ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn pamọ́, ṣùgbọ́n ọ̀nà tí wọ́n fi ń pa ooru náà yàtọ̀ síra. Ilé-gíláàsì máa ń pa ooru mọ́ jùlọ nípa díẹ̀kù ìrìnàjò afẹ́fẹ́ (convection), ìyẹn ìrìn afẹ́fẹ́ láàrín àyè.<ref>{{cite web |first=John |last=Worley |title=Greenhouses: Heating, Cooling and Ventilation |website=University of Georgia Extension |url=https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B792&title=greenhouses-heating-cooling-and-ventilation |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312234640/https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B792&title=greenhouses-heating-cooling-and-ventilation |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ipccar4wg1ch1">{{cite book |title=Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, Chapter 1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. |page=115 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |quote=The glass walls in a greenhouse reduce airflow and increase the temperature of the air inside. Analogously, but through a different physical process, the Earth's greenhouse effect warms the surface of the planet.}}</ref> Ní ìdàkejì, ipa ilé-gíláàsì ń pa ooru mọ́ nípa díẹ̀kù ìtànṣán ooru (radiative transfer) láàrín afẹ́fẹ́, àti nípa dín ìwọ̀n tí ìtànṣán ooru (thermal radiation) fi ń jáde sí òde òfurufú kù.<ref name=":0" /> == Ìtàn ìṣàwárí àti ìwádìí == {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 650 | image1 = 18560823 Eunice Newton Foote - greenhouse effect.png | caption1 = Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote mọ̀ pé carbon dioxide ní agbára láti gba ooru pamọ́, ó sì lóye ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé. | image2 = 191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg | caption2 = Ìpa ilé-gíláàsì àti ipa rẹ̀ lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ṣàlàyé ní ṣókí nínú àpilẹ̀kọ Popular Mechanics ọdún 1912 yìí, èyí tí gbogbo ènìyàn lè ka. }} Ìwàláàyè ipa ilé-gíláàsì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a kò tíì pè é ní orúkọ yìí, ni Joseph Fourier kọ́kọ́ dámọ̀ràn rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1824.<ref name="Fourier 1824 136–167"/><ref>Foote, Eunice, 1856. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230223113925/https://ia800802.us.archive.org/4/items/mobot31753002152491/mobot31753002152491.pdf Circumstances affecting the heat of the Sun's rays]": Art. XXXI, ''The American Journal of Science and Arts,'' 2nd Series, v. XXII/no. LXVI, November 1856, p. 382-383.</ref> Claude Pouillet tún mú àríyànjiyàn àti ẹ̀rí náà lágbára sí i ní ọdún 1827 àti 1838. Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn lágbára sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide. Ó parí rẹ̀ pé: “Afẹ́fẹ́ tí gáàsì yìí bá wà nínú rẹ̀ yóò fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé wa ní ìwọ̀n ooru gíga…”<ref name="Foote 382–383"/><ref name="Huddleston"/> John Tyndall ni ẹni àkọ́kọ́ tí ó wọn bí àwọn gáàsì àti oru oríṣìíríṣìí ṣe ń gba àti ń tú ìtànṣán infurarẹ́dì (infrared absorption and emission). Láti ọdún 1859 lọ, ó fi hàn pé ipa náà jẹ́ ti ìdíyelé kékeré gan-an nínú afẹ́fẹ́, pé àwọn gáàsì pàtàkì kò ní ipa kankan, àti pé ìrì omi ni ó ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù, ṣùgbọ́n pé díẹ̀ nínú hydrocarbons àti carbon dioxide tún ní ipa pàtàkì.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-20</ref> Svante Arrhenius tún ṣe àlàyé àti ìṣírò pípé sí i ní ọdún 1896, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àkọ́kọ́ àfihàn ìṣírò ìgbóná ayé (global warming) tí yóò ṣẹlẹ̀ bí iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ bá di ìlọ́po méjì.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-anrev-21</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ “greenhouse” ni Nils Gustaf Ekholm kọ́kọ́ lo fún ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ní ọdún 1901.<ref name="easterbrook.ca"/><ref name="Ekholm N 1901 1–62"/> Ní ọdún 1896, Svante Arrhenius lo àwọn àkíyèsí Langley nípa ìgbà tí ìtànṣán infurarẹ́dì ń pọ̀ sí i, níbi tí ìtànṣán láti Oṣù (Moon rays) ṣe ń kọjá afẹ́fẹ́ ní igun kékeré, tí ó sì ń bá carbon dioxide (CO₂) pọ̀ sí i, láti ṣe ìṣírò ipa ìtútù afẹ́fẹ́ tí yóò ṣẹlẹ̀ bí CO₂ bá dín kù ní ọjọ́ iwájú. Ó tún mọ̀ pé afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó tutù yóò ní ìrì omi kéré sí i (omi omi jẹ́ gáàsì ilé eefin mìíràn), ó sì ṣe ìṣírò ipa ìtútù míì tí èyí máa kó wá. Ó tún lóye pé ìtútù yìí yóò mú kí yinyin àti yìnyín pọ̀ sí i ní agbègbè gíga latitude, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé yá ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí i (reflection), tí yóò sì tún mú ìtútù pọ̀ sí i, gẹ́gẹ́ bí James Croll ti ti sọ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní àpapọ̀, Arrhenius ṣe ìṣírò pé bí a bá dín CO₂ kù sí ìdajì, ó lè fa àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice age). Ó tún ṣe ìṣírò pé bí CO₂ bá di ìlọ́po méjì, yóò fa ìgbóná àgbáyé tó tó 5–6 °C.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-22</ref> Nípasẹ̀ ìwádìí Tyndall, Lecher àti Pretner, Keller, Roentgen, àti Arrhenius, a ti fi hàn pé carbon dioxide àti ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní agbára àrà òtítọ́ láti gba àti láti pa ìtànṣán ooru mọ́ fún ìgbà díẹ̀, nígbà tí oxygen, nitrogen, àti argon nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní agbára yìí ní ìwọ̀n kékeré péré. Èyí fi hàn pé ipa carbon dioxide àti ìrì omi ń ṣiṣẹ́ bí àṣọ tí ń bo Ilẹ̀ Ayé pẹ̀lú àyíká tí ń gba ooru (thermally absorbent envelope). Àbájáde gbogbogbò tí a lè sọ nípa ìpọ̀ sí i tàbí ìdínkù gidi nínú iye carbon dioxide àti omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ni pé: a. Ìpọ̀ sí i nínú wọn máa ń fa ìgbóná ayé pọ̀ sí i nítorí pé ó ń gba agbára oorun pọ̀ sí i, nígbà tí ìdínkù wọn máa ń fa ìtútù. Ìṣírò Dr. Arrhenius, tó dá lórí ìtúpalẹ̀ ìṣirò pípẹ́ ti àwọn àkíyèsí Professor Langley, fi hàn pé bí iye carbon dioxide bá pọ̀ sí i sí ìlọ́po méjì tàbí mẹ́ta iye rẹ̀ ìsinsìnyí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ayé lè pọ̀ sí i ní 8° sí 9 °C, èyí tí yóò sì dájú pé ìgbóná kan tó dàbí ti àkókò Middle Tertiary yóò ṣẹlẹ̀. Ní ìdàkejì, bí a bá dín carbon dioxide kù sí 55% sí 62% iye rẹ̀ ìsinsìnyí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ayé lè dín kù ní 4° sí 5 °C, èyí tí yóò sì fa ìgbà yìnyín ńlá (glaciation) tó jọ ti Pleistocene. b. Ìyípadà míì ni pé ìpọ̀ sí i tàbí ìdínkù carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń jẹ́ kí ìwọn ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé dáa pọ̀ sí i (equalization) tàbí yàtọ̀ sí i (differentiation) ní agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-23</ref> == Ìwọn == [[File:Climate Factor CO₂ (ZDF, Terra X).webm|thumb|Bí CO₂ ṣe ń fa ipa ilé-gíláàsì]] Nǹkan ń tú ìtànṣán ooru (thermal radiation) jáde ní ìwọ̀n tí ó ń tẹ̀lé agbára kẹrin ìwọ̀n ooru rẹ̀ (fourth power of its temperature). Díẹ̀ nínú ìtànṣán tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde ni àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin àti àwọsánmà ń gba. Láìsí ìgbàgbọ́ ìtànṣán yìí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò jẹ́ −18 °C (−0.4 °F). Síbẹ̀, nítorí pé díẹ̀ nínú ìtànṣán náà ni a ń gba, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé jẹ́ nǹkan bí 15 °C (59 °F). Nítorí náà, a lè ṣe ìṣírò ipa ilé eefin Ilẹ̀ Ayé gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru tó tó 33 °C (59 °F). Ìtànṣán ooru (thermal radiation) ni a ń ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀ nípa iye agbára tí ó ń kó, tí a sábà máa ń wọn ní watt fún mita onígun (W/m²). Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tún ń ṣe ìwọn ipa ilé eefin nípa bí ìtànṣán ooru igbi-gígùn (longwave thermal radiation) ṣe ń bọ láti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ju bí ó ṣe ń dé òde òfurufú lọ.<ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7"/>{{rp|968}}<ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7"/>{{rp|934}}<ref name="ravram1"/><ref name="Schmidt2010paper"/><ref name="Schmidt2010">{{cite web |author=Gavin Schmidt |date=1 October 2010 |title=Taking the Measure of the Greenhouse Effect |url=https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/2010_schmidt_05/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421003101/https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/2010_schmidt_05/ |archive-date=21 April 2021 |access-date=13 January 2022 |publisher=NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies - Science Briefs}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn ń bọ láti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 398 W/m², ṣùgbọ́n 239 W/m² péré ni ó ń dé òde òfurufú. Nítorí náà, ipa ilé eefin Ilẹ̀ Ayé tún lè ṣe ìṣírò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyípadà sísàn agbára tó tó 159 W/m².<ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7"/> A tún lè sọ ipa ilé eefin gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdá (0.40) tàbí ogorun (40%) nínú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn tí ń kúrò láti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣùgbọ́n tí kò dé òde òfurufú.<ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7"/><ref name="ravram1"/><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-ravram2-28</ref> Bóyá a bá ṣàpèjúwe ipa ilé-gíláàsì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tàbí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyípadà nínú ìtànṣán ooru igbi-gígùn (longwave thermal radiation), ipa kan náà ni a ń wọn.<ref name="ravram1"/> == Ipa rẹ̀ nínú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ == {{ multiple image |total_width=450 | image1= Mauna Loa CO2 monthly mean concentration.svg |caption1= Ìgúnrẹ́rẹ́ Keeling (Keeling Curve) ti iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́. | image2= Earth's heating rate since 2005.jpg |caption2= Ìwọ̀n tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi ń gbóná sí i (àwòrán ìṣàpẹẹrẹ) jẹ́ àbájáde àwọn nǹkan oríṣìíríṣìí, títí kan ipa ilé eefin tí ó ti pọ̀ sí i (enhanced greenhouse effect).<ref>{{cite web |author=Joseph Atkinson |date=22 June 2021 |title=Earth Matters: Earth's Radiation Budget is Out of Balance |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/earthmatters/2021/06/22/earths-radiation-budget-is-out-of-balance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410085015/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/earthmatters/2021/06/22/earths-radiation-budget-is-out-of-balance/ |archive-date=10 April 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |publisher=NASA Earth Observatory}}</ref> }} [[File:1960- Damages caused by countries' emissions of greenhouse gases.svg |thumb |Ìdàgbàsókè tí kò tẹ̀lé ìlà gígùn (non-linear growth) nínú ipa ìgbóná àgbáyé tí ó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin tó pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (long-lived greenhouse gases) ti fa ìpalára ọrọ̀ ajé nínú àkókò ọdún ọgọ́ta (60 years) tí a fojú díwọ̀n rẹ̀ pé ó ju ìlọ́po márùn-ún iye ìpalára tó ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú àkókò ọdún ọgbọ̀n (30 years) lọ (gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòrán náà ṣe fi hàn). Àpilẹ̀kọ kan nínú ìwé ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì Nature ṣírò pé àwọn ìpalára ọjọ́ iwájú tí yóò wáyé nítorí àwọn ìtújáde tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ yóò jẹ́ ó kéré tán ní ìlọ́po mẹ́wàá ju àwọn ìpalára ìtàn àtẹ́yìnwá tí àwọn ìtújáde kan náà ti fa lọ.<ref name=Nature_20260325enhanced> * Data source for '''''1990'''''-2020 panel: Fig. 4 of {{cite journal |last1=Burke |first1=Marshall |last2=Zahid |first2=Mustafa |last3=Diffenbaugh |first3=Noah S. |last4=Hsiang |first4=Solomon |title=Quantifying climate loss and damage consistent with a social cost of carbon |journal=Nature |date=25 March 2026 |volume=651 |pages=959-966 |doi=10.1038/s41586-026-10272-6}} * Data source for '''''1960'''''-2020 panel: Fig. S5 of {{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Marshall |last2=Zahid |first2=Mustafa |last3=Diffenbaugh |first3=Noah S. |last4=Hsiang |first4=Solomon |title=Nature portfolio / Supplementary information / Quantifying climate loss and damage consistent with a social cost of carbon |url=https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-026-10272-6/MediaObjects/41586_2026_10272_MOESM1_ESM.pdf |website=Nature |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260406031318/https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-026-10272-6/MediaObjects/41586_2026_10272_MOESM1_ESM.pdf |archive-date=6 April 2026 |page=28 |date=25 March 2026 |quote=Same as Figure 4 except valuing damages from emissions starting in 1960 rather than 1990. |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Ìmúgbòòrò ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) nípasẹ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àfikún tí àwọn iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń dá sílẹ̀ ni a mọ̀ sí ipa ilé-gíláàsì tí a mú pọ̀ sí i (enhanced greenhouse effect).<ref name="IPCC" /> Yàtọ̀ sí pé a ti rí i láti inú àwọn ìwọ̀n tí ARGO, CERES àti àwọn ohun èlò ìwọ̀n mìíràn ṣe jálẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún,<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPCC AR6 WG1 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809080054/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> ìlọsíwájú yìí nínú ìfipá-ràn-rádíéṣọ́nù (radiative forcing) tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń fa ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí rẹ̀ ní tààràtà,<ref>{{cite web |author=Robert McSweeney |date=25 February 2015 |title=New study directly measures greenhouse effect at Earth's surface |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/new-study-directly-measures-greenhouse-effect-at-earths-surface |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418151415/https://www.carbonbrief.org/new-study-directly-measures-greenhouse-effect-at-earths-surface |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |publisher=Carbon Brief}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=26 March 2021 |title=Direct observations confirm that humans are throwing Earth's energy budget off balance |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-03-humans-earth-energy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418072159/https://phys.org/news/2021-03-humans-earth-energy.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=phys.org |publisher=Science X}}</ref> ó sì jẹ́ pé ìdí pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni ìlọsíwájú nínú iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enhanced Greenhouse Effect |url=http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Global_Warming/Older/Enhanced_Greenhouse_Effect.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024121935/http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/global_warming/Older/Enhanced_Greenhouse_Effect.html |archive-date=24 October 2010 |access-date=15 October 2010 |publisher=Ace.mmu.ac.uk}}</ref> CO₂ ni a ń ṣe jáde láti inú sísun epo fosaili (fossil fuel burning) àti àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn bíi ṣíṣe simẹnti (cement production) àti pípa igbó ilẹ̀ olóoru (tropical deforestation).<ref name="IPCC deforestation">IPCC [http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter7.pdf Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I Report "The Physical Science Basis"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315005004/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter7.pdf|date=15 March 2011}} Chapter 7</ref> Àwọn ìwọ̀n CO₂ láti Mauna Loa Observatory fi hàn pé iye rẹ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìwọ̀n 313 parts per million (ppm)<ref>{{cite web |title=Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide – Mauna Loa |url=http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/co2_data_mlo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520204843/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/co2_data_mlo.html |archive-date=20 May 2019 |access-date=8 December 2008 |publisher=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> ní ọdún 1960, ó sì kọjá àmì 400 ppm ní ọdún 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=12 May 2013 |title=Climate Milestone: Earth's {{CO2}} Level Passes 400 ppm |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/05/130510-earth-co2-milestone-400-ppm/ |url-status=live |magazine=National Geographic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215081625/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/05/130510-earth-co2-milestone-400-ppm/ |archive-date=15 December 2013 |access-date=10 December 2017}}</ref> Iye CO₂ tí a ń rí báyìí ti ga ju ìwọ̀n tó ga jù lọ nínú àkọsílẹ̀ ilẹ̀-ayé (geological record) (≈300 ppm) gẹ́gẹ́ bí data tí a rí láti inú àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice core data).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hansen J. |date=February 2005 |title=A slippery slope: How much global warming constitutes "dangerous anthropogenic interference"? |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1232798 |url-status=live |journal=Climatic Change |volume=68 |issue=333 |pages=269–279 |bibcode=2005ClCh...68..269H |doi=10.1007/s10584-005-4135-0 |s2cid=153165132 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801065245/https://zenodo.org/record/1232798 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> Ní ọdún 800,000 sẹ́yìn,<ref>{{cite news |date=4 September 2006 |title=Deep ice tells long climate story |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5314592.stm |url-status=live |access-date=4 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123202651/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5314592.stm |archive-date=23 January 2013}}</ref> data tí a rí láti inú àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice core) fi hàn pé iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) ti yí padà láti ìwọ̀n tó kéré tó 180 ppm sí ìwọ̀n 270 ppm tó wà ṣáájú ìgbà iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial level).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hileman B |date=28 November 2005 |title=Ice Core Record Extended |url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/83/i48/8348notw1.html |url-status=live |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |volume=83 |issue=48 |page=7 |doi=10.1021/cen-v083n048.p007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515033556/http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/83/i48/8348notw1.html |archive-date=15 May 2019 |access-date=6 September 2006|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ ìwádìí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ (paleoclimatologists) ka àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye carbon dioxide sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ohun pàtàkì tó ń fa àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àkókò gígùn yìí.<ref name="Bowen (2005), Thin Ice">{{cite book |last=Bowen |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGIcabCZHVUC |title=Thin Ice: Unlocking the Secrets of Climate in the World's Highest Mountains |publisher=Owl Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1429932707 |access-date=1 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802192430/https://books.google.com/books?id=HGIcabCZHVUC |archive-date=2 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2008 |title=Temperature change and carbon dioxide change |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/temperature-change.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118144841/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/temperature-change.html |archive-date=18 January 2017 |website=U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Paleoclimatology}}</ref> ==Ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì Agbára àti Ìwọ̀n Ooru == === Ìtọ́jú Ìmọ́lẹ̀ Ìgbi Kúkúrú Tó Ń Wọlé === [[Fáìlì:Solar spectrum en.svg|thumb|Àwòrán àgbègbè ìtọ́jú ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn (solar radiation spectrum) fún ìmọ́lẹ̀ tó ń bọ taara, ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ní ìpele ojú òkun.]] Ohun tí ó gbóná jù máa ń tú ìtọ́jú (radiation) tí ó ní ìgbi kúkúrú síi jáde. Nítorí náà, Oòrùn ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi kúkúrú jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nígbà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn jáde. Ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn ní ìtọ́jú ultraviolet, ìmọ́lẹ̀ tí ojú ènìyàn lè rí (visible light), àti ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi tó sún mọ́ (near-infrared radiation).<ref name="IPCC" /> Ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn máa ń padà sẹ́yìn (reflect) àti pé Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ tún máa ń gba á (absorb). Afẹ́fẹ́ àti àwọn ìkùukùu máa ń da nǹkan bí 23% ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà padà, wọ́n sì ń gba nǹkan bí 23% rẹ̀. Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń da 7% padà, ó sì ń gba 48% rẹ̀.<ref name="eeb1" /> Ní àpapọ̀, Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń da nǹkan bí 30% gbogbo ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html |title=Earth Fact Sheet |publisher=NSSDCA |first1=David R. |last1=Williams |access-date=15 October 2010 |archive-date=25 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225024603/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=harvard>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap7.html |title=Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry |first=Daniel J. |last=Jacob |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1999 |chapter=7. The Greenhouse Effect |isbn=978-1400841547 |access-date=9 December 2009 |archive-date=3 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003035132/http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap7.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=3 October 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003035132/http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap7.html }}</ref> ó sì ń gba ìyókù rẹ̀ (240 W/m²).<ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7" /> === Ìtọ́jú Ìgbi Gígùn Tó Ń Jáde === [[Fáìlì:Spectral Greenhouse Effect.png|thumb|Ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) jẹ́ ìdínkù nínú iye ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ń jáde lọ sí òde, èyí tí ó ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú agbára (radiative balance) ayé. Àwòrán àgbègbè ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde fi ipa àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì oríṣìíríṣìí hàn.]] Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ máa ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde, èyí tí a tún mọ̀ sí ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi gbígbóná (thermal infrared radiation) tàbí ìtọ́jú ilẹ̀-ayé (terrestrial radiation).<ref name="IPCC" /> Ní ọ̀nà àìlékọ̀ọ́kan, a máa ń pe ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn ní ìtọ́jú gbígbóná (thermal radiation). Ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ń jáde (Outgoing Longwave Radiation, OLR) ni ìtọ́jú tí ń bọ láti Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó ń kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ lọ sí òde ayé. A lè rí ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ní tààràtà nínú àwọn àwòrán ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí iṣẹ́ igbohunsafẹfẹ́ (frequency) tàbí gígùn ìgbi (wavelength). Àgbègbè tó wà láàárín àwòrán ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde àti àwòrán ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé fi ìwọ̀n ipa ilé-gíláàsì hàn.<ref name="Schmidt2010"/> Àwọn nkan oríṣìíríṣìí ló ń fa ìdínkù nínú agbára ìtọ́jú (radiation energy) tí ń dé òde ayé ní àwọn igbohunsafẹfẹ́ (frequencies) tó yàtọ̀; fún àwọn igbohunsafẹfẹ́ kan, ọ̀pọ̀ nkan ló ń kó ipa papọ̀.<ref name="Schmidt2010paper">{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=G. A. |last2=Ruedy |first2=R. A. |last3=Miller |first3=R. L. |last4=Lacis |first4=A. A. |title=Attribution of the present-day total greenhouse effect |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |date=2010 |volume=115 |issue=D20 |article-number=2010JD014287 |doi=10.1029/2010JD014287 |bibcode=2010JGRD..11520106S |url=https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2010/2010_Schmidt_sc05400j.pdf |access-date=14 June 2023}}</ref> A mọ̀ pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) ló ní ojúṣe fún ìdínkù nínú ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé (àti ìlọsíwájú tó bá a lọ nínú ipa ilé-gíláàsì) ní agbègbè tó sún mọ́ 667 cm⁻¹ (èyí tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú gígùn ìgbi 15 microns).<ref name="wijng">{{cite journal |last1=van Wijngaarden |first1=W. A. |last2=Happer |first2=W. |title=Dependence of Earth's Thermal Radiation on Five Most Abundant Greenhouse Gases |journal=Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics |date=2020 |arxiv=2006.03098 |url=https://wvanwijngaarden.info.yorku.ca/files/2020/12/WThermal-Radiationf.pdf?x45936 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230508080935/https://wvanwijngaarden.info.yorku.ca/files/2020/12/WThermal-Radiationf.pdf?x45936 |archive-date= 8 May 2023 }}</ref> Gbogbo ìpele afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń gba díẹ̀ nínú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) tí ń gòkè láti àwọn ìpele tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀. Ó tún máa ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn jáde sí gbogbo ọ̀nà, yálà sókè tàbí sísàlẹ̀, ní ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì pẹ̀lú iye tí ó ti gba. Èyí máa ń fa kí ìsonù ooru nípasẹ̀ ìtọ́jú dín kù, kí ìwọ̀n ooru sì pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ìpele tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, iye ìtọ́jú tí wọ́n ń gba àti tí wọ́n ń tú jáde náà máa ń pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń mú kí ooru púpọ̀ sí i wà ní ìpamọ́ lórí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti nínú àwọn ìpele afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC4_ch012" /> === Ìwọ̀n Ooru Tó Munadoko === [[Fáìlì:Effective temperature for climate thermal radiation.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí a nílò láti tú iye kan pàtó ti ìtọ́jú ooru (thermal radiation) jáde.]] Agbára ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (outgoing longwave radiation) tí pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì ń tú jáde bá ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko (effective temperature) pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà mu. Ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko ni ìwọ̀n ooru tí pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan tí ń tú ìtọ́jú jáde pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru tó dọ́gba ní gbogbo ara rẹ̀ (blackbody) yóò ní láti ní kí ó lè tú iye agbára ooru kan náà jáde. A lè lo ìmọ̀ yìí láti fi ṣe àfiwé ìwọ̀n ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé àti ìwọ̀n ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde: * ''Ìtọ́jú tí ń lọ sí òde ayé:'' Da lori ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde sí òde, ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko Ilẹ̀ Ayé lapapọ̀ jẹ́ −18 °C (0 °F).[<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704152516/https://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |date=2020-07-04 }} |title=Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance |publisher=Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University |access-date=15 October 2010</ref><ref name="IPCC4_ch012"/> * ''Ìtọ́jú láti ojú ilẹ̀:'' Da lori ìtọ́jú ooru tí ń bọ láti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ tó munadoko jẹ́ nǹkan bí 16 °C (61 °F), <ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7" />  èyí tí ó gbóná ju ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko Ilẹ̀ Ayé lapapọ̀ lọ ní 34 °C (61 °F). Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé sábà máa ń jẹ́ ìròyìn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ìdíwọ̀n àárín ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó sún mọ́ ojú ilẹ̀ (near-surface air temperature). Èyí jẹ́ nǹkan bí 15 °C (59 °F),<ref name="clchgtrack"/><ref>The elusive "absolute surface air temperature", see [http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html GISS discussion]</ref> ó sì kéré díẹ̀ ju ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ tó munadoko lọ. Ìwọ̀n yìí gbóná ju ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko Ilẹ̀ Ayé lapapọ̀ lọ ní 33 °C (59 °F). === Ìṣàn agbára === Ìṣàn agbára (energy flux) ni ìwọ̀n ìrìnàjò agbára fún ẹ̀ka àgbègbè kan. A máa ń fi hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí W/m², èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí iye joules agbára tí ń kọjá nípasẹ̀ square meter kan ní gbogbo ìṣẹ́jú àáyá. Ọ̀pọ̀ ìṣàn agbára tí a máa ń sọ nínú ìjíròrò gíga lórí ojú-ọjọ́ jẹ́ àwọn iye àgbáyé, ìyẹn ni pé a ń kó gbogbo ìrìnàjò agbára jọ fún gbogbo Ilẹ̀ Ayé, a sì pín in pẹ̀lú agbègbè ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé, 5.1×10¹⁴ m² (5.1×10⁸ km²; 2.0×10⁸ mi²).<ref name="utarea">{{cite web |title=What is the Surface Area of the Earth? |url=https://www.universetoday.com/25756/surface-area-of-the-earth/ |website=Universe Today |date=11 February 2017 |access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> Ìṣàn agbára (energy flux) tí ìtọ́jú ń wọlé àti tí ń jáde kúrò ní Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe pàtàkì nítorí pé ìtújáde agbára nípasẹ̀ ìtànkálẹ̀ ìtọ́jú (radiative transfer) ni ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo tó lè yí agbára padà láàárín Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti iyokù àgbáyé.<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-Wallace2006-49</ref> === Ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú === [[Fáìlì:2001- Earth's energy imbalance.svg|thumb|Àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, ó sì ti dé ìwọ̀n tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àwọn ìṣírò IPCC tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name=AGUadvances_20250510/> Agbára láti ṣe àkíyèsí àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì yìí ń dín kù nítorí pé wọ́n ń yọ àwọn satẹ́laiti kúrò nínú iṣẹ́.<ref name=AGUadvances_20250510>{{cite journal |last1=Mauritsen |first1=Thorsten |last2=Tsushima |first2=Yoko |last3=Meyssignac |first3=Benoit |last4=Loeb |first4=Normal G. |last5=Hakuba |first5=Maria |display-authors=4 |title=Earth's Energy Imbalance More Than Doubled in Recent Decades |journal=AGU Advances |date=10 May 2025 |volume=6 |issue=3 |article-number=e2024AV001636 |doi=10.1029/2024AV001636 |publisher=American Geophysical Union |bibcode=2025AGUA....601636M |quote=The imbalance is derived from the CERES-EBAF Edition 4.2.1 data set|hdl=21.11116/0000-0011-68B9-8 |hdl-access=free }}.</ref>]] Ìwọ̀n ooru pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan da lórí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì láàárín ìtọ́jú tí ń wọlé àti ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde. Tí ìtọ́jú tí ń wọlé bá pọ̀ ju ti ń jáde lọ, pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà yóò gbóná sí i. Tí ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde bá pọ̀ ju ti ń wọlé lọ, pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà yóò tútù sí i. Pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì máa ń fojú sí ìpò ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú (radiative equilibrium), níbi tí agbára ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde fi dọ́gba pẹ̀lú agbára ìtọ́jú tí a ti gba.<ref name="cimss">{{cite web |title=Earth's Radiation Balance |url=https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/wxwise/homerbe.html |website=CIMSS: University of Wisconsin |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref> Àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Earth's energy imbalance) ni ìwọn tí agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ gba pọ̀ ju agbára ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (outgoing longwave radiation) tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé lọ. Àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára ni ìwọn pàtàkì tó ń ṣàkóso ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref name="SciAmEEB">{{cite web |title=Don't Worry about CO2, Worry about the Earth's 'Energy Balance' |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-worry-about-co2-worry-about-the-earths-energy-balance/ |publisher=Scientific American |access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref> Ìfihàn UN kan sọ pé: “EEI ni nǹkan tó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń ṣàlàyé ìfojúsùn ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.”<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-UNeei-53</ref> Ìwádìí kan tún sọ pé: “Ìye gidi EEI ni ìwọn pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń ṣàlàyé ipo gidi ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.”<ref name="vsh2016">{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckmann |first1=K. |last2=Palmer |first2=M. |last3=Trenberth |first3=K. |last4=Cazenave |first4=A. |last5=Chambers |first5=D. |last6=Champollion |first6=N. |last7=Hansen |first7=J. |last8=Josey |first8=S. A. |last9=Loeb |first9=N. |last10=Mathiew |first10=P.P. |last11=Meyssignac |first11=B. |last12=Wild |first12=M. |title=An imperative to monitor Earth's energy imbalance |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=2016 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=138–144 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2876|bibcode=2016NatCC...6..138V |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/512751/1/vonSchuckmannPostprint.pdf }}</ref> Àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Earth’s energy imbalance, EEI) jẹ́ nǹkan bí 0.7 W/m² ní ọdún 2015, èyí tí ó fi hàn pé Ilẹ̀ Ayé lapapọ̀ ń kó agbára ooru jọ, ó sì wà nínú ìlànà ìgbóná sí i.<ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7" /> Ní ọdún 2024, ìtẹ̀síwájú àkókò gígùn náà ti pọ̀ sí i dé nǹkan bí ìlọ́po méjì iye yẹn.<ref name=AGUadvances_20250510/> Ó ju 90% nínú agbára tí a ti dá sílẹ̀ pamọ́ lọ sí mímú òkun gbóná, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tí ń lọ sí mímú ilẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́, àti yìnyín gbóná.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hawkins |first1=Ed |title=Earth's energy imbalance |url=https://www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk/2016/earths-energy-imbalance/ |website=Climate Lab Book |access-date=16 July 2023 |date=27 January 2016}}</ref> [[Fáìlì:Outgoing radiation with and without Greenhouse effect.svg|thumb|Ìfiwéra ìṣàn ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gòkè sókè nínú gidi àti nínú àfojúsùn ìrònú kan níbi tí a ti yọ àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì àti àwọn ìkùukùu kúrò tàbí wọ́n pàdánù agbára wọn láti gba ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn—láì yí albedo Ilẹ̀ Ayé padà (ìyẹn ìfarahàn/ìgbàgbọ́ ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn). Apá òkè fi ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì láàárín ìgbóná àti ìtútù Ilẹ̀ Ayé hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe wọn un ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (TOA). Apá (a) fi ipo gidi hàn pẹ̀lú ipa ilé-gíláàsì tí ń ṣiṣẹ́.<ref name="rrtmeeb">{{cite web |title=RRTM Earth's Energy Budget |url=http://climatemodels.uchicago.edu/rrtm/index.html |publisher=University of Chicago |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref> Apá (b) fi ipo hàn lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ìgbàgbọ́ (absorption) dá dúró; gbogbo ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde yóò dé òde ayé; ìtútù yóò pọ̀ ju ìgbóná lọ (láti ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn), èyí tí yóò fa ìdínkù kíákíá nínú ìwọ̀n ooru. Apá (c) fi ipo ìdúróṣinṣin ìkẹyìn hàn, lẹ́yìn tí ojú ilẹ̀ bá ti tutù tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí yóò fi ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tó tó láti dọ́gba pẹ̀lú agbára tí ó ti gba láti ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn.<ref name="rrtmeeb"/>]] === Yíyí ọjọ́ àti òru padà === Àpẹẹrẹ rọrùn kan máa ń gba pé ipo ìdúróṣinṣin (steady state) wà, ṣùgbọ́n nínú ayé gidi, yíyí ọjọ́ àti òru (diurnal cycle), àti yíyí ọdún (seasonal cycle) pẹ̀lú ìdààmú ojú-ọjọ́ (weather disturbances), máa ń jẹ́ kó nira sí i. Ìgbóná Oòrùn máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ nígbà ọ̀sán nìkan. Ní òru, afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń tutù díẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n kì í tutù púpọ̀ nítorí pé ìfaradà ooru (thermal inertia) ti ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ń koju ìyípadà ní ọ̀sán àti òru, àti pẹ̀lú fún àkókò gígùn.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/HeatBucket/heatbucket4.php |title=Earth's Big Heat Bucket - Bad News, Good News |publisher=NASA Earth Observatory |author=Michon Scott |date=24 April 2006 |access-date=4 December 2022 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204153806/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/HeatBucket/heatbucket4.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojoojúmọ́ máa ń dín kù bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí òkè nínú afẹ́fẹ́. == Ìpa oṣùwọ̀n ìdínkù ooru pẹ̀lú gíga == === Ìṣùwọ̀n ìdínkù ooru pẹ̀lú gíga === Ní apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́, troposphere, ìtùtù afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń dín kù (tàbí ‘lapse’) bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí òkè. Ìwọ̀n tí ìtùtù ṣe ń yí padà pẹ̀lú gíga ni a ń pè ní lapse rate.<ref name="Nugent5">{{cite web |last1=Nugent |first1=Alison |last2=DeCou |first2=David |title=ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA: Chapter 5: Atmospheric Stability |url=http://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/atmo/chapter/chapter-5-atmospheric-stability/ |access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref> Lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ìtùtù afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n nǹkan bí 6.5 °C/km (3.6 °F fún 1000 ft), ní àpapọ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èyí máa ń yàtọ̀.<ref name="Nugent5" /> Ìdínkù ìtùtù pẹ̀lú gíga (temperature lapse) jẹ́ nítorí ìkòkò-ìṣàn afẹ́fẹ́ (convection). Afẹ́fẹ́ tí Oòrùn ti gbóná láti ojú ilẹ̀ máa ń gòkè sókè. Bí ó ṣe ń gòkè, afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń gbooro sí i, ó sì máa ń tutù. Ní àkókò kan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ mìíràn máa ń rọ̀ sísàlẹ̀, ó máa ń pọ́n (compress), ó sì máa ń gbóná. Ìlànà yìí ni ó ń dá ìyàtọ̀ ìtùtù láti ìpele kan sí omiì nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Nugent5" /> Ìyàtọ̀ ìtùtù pẹ̀lú gíga (vertical temperature gradient) ṣe pàtàkì fún ipa ilé-gíláàsì. Tí ìwọ̀n ìtùtù pẹ̀lú gíga bá jẹ́ òfo (ìyẹn pé ìtùtù afẹ́fẹ́ kò yàtọ̀ pẹ̀lú gíga, ó sì dọ́gba pẹ̀lú ìtùtù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé), nígbà náà kì yóò sí ipa ilé-gíláàsì rárá (ìyẹn pé iye rẹ̀ yóò jẹ́ òfo).<ref name="ThomasStamnes1999">{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Gary E. |last2=Stamnes |first2=Knut |title=Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere and Ocean |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-40124-0}}</ref> === Ìwọ̀n ìtújáde ooru àti gíga === [[Fáìlì:Spectral OLR.png|thumb|Ìtùtù níbi tí ìtọ́jú ooru (thermal radiation) ti jáde lè jẹ́ kó ye wa nípa fífi ìfarahàn (intensity) ní wavenumber kan pàtó wé ìfarahàn kúrú (black-body emission curve). Nínú àwòrán yìí, àwọn ìtùtù ìtújáde (emission temperatures) wà láàárín Tmin àti Ts. “Wavenumber” ni ìgbàkànsí (frequency) tí a pín pẹ̀lú iyara ìmọ́lẹ̀ (speed of light).]] Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ń jẹ́ kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé fẹrẹẹ̀ má ṣeé kọjá fún ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation). Afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í jẹ́ kedere fún ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn ní àwọn gíga tó ga sí i, níbi tí afẹ́fẹ́ ti kéré sí i, omi inú afẹ́fẹ́ (water vapour) ti dín kù, àti pé ìdínkù ìtànkálẹ̀ ìgbì ìgbàgbọ́ (pressure broadening) nínú àwọn laini ìgbàgbọ́ (absorption lines) máa ń dín àgbègbè gígùn ìgbì tí àwọn molikula gaasi lè gba kù.<ref name="Plass1950">{{cite journal |last1=Strong |first1=J. |last2=Plass |first2=G. N. |date=1950 |title=The Effect of Pressure Broadening of Spectral Lines on Atmospheric Temperature |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950ApJ...112..365S/abstract#:~:text=Pressure%20broadening%20causes%20lines%20in,absorbed%20by%20the%20upper%20layers. |journal=Astrophysical Journal |volume=112 |page=365 |bibcode=1950ApJ...112..365S |doi=10.1086/145352}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Fún gígùn ìgbì kan kọọkan, ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) tí ń dé òde ayé ni a ń tú jáde láti ìpele ìtọ́jú kan pàtó nínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìfarahàn (intensity) ìtọ́jú tí a ń tú jáde jẹ́ kó da lórí àárín ìtùtù afẹ́fẹ́ tí a fi ìwọ̀n tó yẹ ṣe ìwọ̀n nínú ìpele yẹn. Nítorí náà, fún gígùn ìgbì kọọkan ti ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé, ìwọ̀n ìtùtù ìtújáde tó bá a mu (effective emission temperature) wà, tàbí ohun tí a tún ń pè ní ìtùtù ìmọ́lẹ̀ (brightness temperature).<ref name="Pierrehumbert2011">{{cite web |last1=Pierrehumbert |first1=R. T. |date=January 2011 |title=Infrared radiation and planetary temperature |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/~rtp1/papers/PhysTodayRT2011.pdf |website=Physics Today |publisher=American Institute of Physics |pages=33–38}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Gígùn ìgbì ìtọ́jú (radiation) kan pàtó tún lè ní gíga ìtújáde tó munadoko (effective emission altitude), èyí tí ó jẹ́ àárín ìwọ̀n gíga tí a ṣe ìdíwọ̀n pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó yẹ nínú ìpele ìtọ́jú tí ń tú un jáde. Ìtùtù ìtújáde tó munadoko (effective emission temperature) àti gíga ìtújáde (altitude) máa ń yàtọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí gígùn ìgbì (wavelength) tàbí ìgbàkànsí (frequency) ṣe yàtọ̀. A lè rí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò àwọn àwòrán (plots) ìtọ́jú (radiation) tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé.<ref name="Pierrehumbert2011" /> === Ìyàtọ̀ ìtújáde gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì àti ìwọ̀n ìdínkù ìtùtù pẹ̀lú gíga === [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect Overview.svg|thumb|Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì (GHGs) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tó pọ̀ ní nítòsí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná ń tú jáde. Àwọn GHGs nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí kò pọ̀ ní àwọn gíga tó ga sí i—tí ó tutù sí i nítorí ìwọ̀n ìdínkù ìtùtù ayíká (environmental lapse rate)—máa ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn jáde sí òde ayé ní ìwọ̀n tó kéré ju ìtọ́jú tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde lọ.]] Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde pẹ̀lú gígùn ìgbì tó wà láàárín 4–100 microns.<ref name="Mitchell-1989">{{cite journal|doi=10.1029/RG027i001p00115|last=Mitchell|first=John F. B.|date=1989|title=The "Greenhouse" effect and Climate Change|journal=Reviews of Geophysics|volume=27|issue=1|pages=115–139|url=https://astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro202/Mitchell_GRL89.pdf|access-date=23 March 2008|bibcode=1989RvGeo..27..115M|citeseerx=10.1.1.459.471|archive-date=15 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615024949/http://astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro202/Mitchell_GRL89.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse gases) tí ó fẹrẹẹ̀ jẹ́ kedere fún ìtọ́jú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń wọlé máa ń gba (absorb) díẹ̀ nínú àwọn gígùn ìgbì tó wà nínú àkókò/àgbègbè yìí ní kíkún ju míì lọ.<ref name="Mitchell-1989" /> Afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé kì í jẹ́ kí ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) rìn kọjá rárá dáadáa, nítorí náà ọ̀pọ̀ ìsonù ooru láti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọ̀ omi (evaporation) àti ìkòkò-ìṣàn afẹ́fẹ́ (convection). Síbẹ̀, ìsonù agbára nípasẹ̀ ìtọ́jú (radiative energy losses) máa ń di pàtàkì sí i bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí àwọn gíga afẹ́fẹ́, pàápàá jùlọ nítorí ìdínkù ìpọ̀ omi inú afẹ́fẹ́ (water vapour), tí ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì pàtàkì. Dípò kí a máa rò pé ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) tí ń lọ sí òde ayé ń wá láti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé fúnra rẹ̀, ó dára sí i láti rò pé ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde yìí ń bọ láti ìpele kan nínú aárín troposphere, èyí tí ó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé nípasẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìdínkù ìtùtù pẹ̀lú gíga (lapse rate). Ìyàtọ̀ ìtùtù láàárín àwọn ibi méjì yìí ló ń ṣàlàyé ìyàtọ̀ láàárín ìtọ́jú tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde àti ìtọ́jú tí ń lọ sí òde ayé, ìyẹn ni pé ó ń ṣàlàyé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.e-education.psu.edu/meteo469/node/198 |title=METEO 469: From Meteorology to Mitigation - Understanding Global Warming - Lesson 5 - Modelling of the Climate System - One-Layer Energy Balance Model |publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University]] College of Mineral and Earth Sciences - Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences |last1=Mann |first1=Michael |last2=Gaudet |first2=Brian |access-date=4 November 2022 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031022823/https://www.e-education.psu.edu/meteo469/node/198 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Tziperman2022">{{cite book |last1=Tziperman |first1=Eli |title=Global Warming Science |date=2022 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691228808}}</ref> == Àwọn ohun ìdípọ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ń gba ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ == === Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì === Gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse gas, GHG) jẹ́ gáàsì kan tí ń kópa nínú ìdènà ìtújáde ooru nípa dídènà ìrìnàjò ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) láti jáde kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan. Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ló ń kópa jù lọ nínú ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) nínú ìṣètò agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Earth’s energy budget).<ref name="IPCC" /> === Àwọn gáàsì tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí infurarẹẹdi === Àwọn gáàsì tí ó lè gba àti tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde ni a ń pè ní àwọn gáàsì tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí infurarẹẹdi (infrared active)<ref name="Archer2011Ch4">{{cite book |last1=Archer |first1=David |title=Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast, Chapter 4: Greenhouse Gases |date=2011 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0470943410 |edition=2 |url=http://forecast.uchicago.edu/chapter4.pdf |access-date=14 June 2023}}</ref>, wọ́n sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn gáàsì tí molíkúlù wọn ní àtọ́ka méjì (bíi carbon monoxide, CO), àti gbogbo àwọn gáàsì tí molíkúlù wọn ní àtọ́ka mẹ́ta tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ (pẹ̀lú H₂O àti CO₂), jẹ́ infrared active, wọ́n sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì. (Ní ìtúmọ̀ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ, èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé nígbà tí molíkúlù wọ̀nyí bá ń mì (vibrate), ìmì yẹn máa ń yí dipole moment molíkúlù náà padà, ìyẹn ni àìdọ́gba nínú ìpínpin ìná iná (electrical charge). Wo Infrared spectroscopy.)<ref name="IPCC" /> Àwọn gáàsì tí molíkúlù wọn ní atomu kan ṣoṣo (bíi argon, Ar) tàbí tí ó ní atomu méjì tí ó jọ ara wọn (bíi nitrogen, N₂, àti oxygen, O₂) kì í ṣe infrared active. Wọ́n jẹ́ kedere fún ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation), àti fún ìdí iṣe, wọn kì í gba tàbí tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn jáde rárá. (Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé molíkúlù wọn jẹ́ aládàáṣe (symmetrical), nítorí náà kò ní dipole moment.) Irú àwọn gáàsì bẹ́ẹ̀ ló jẹ́ ju ìdá 99% nínú afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ (dry atmosphere).<ref name="IPCC" /> === Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ìtújáde === [[Fáìlì:Longwave Absorption Coefficients of H2O and CO2.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àwọn olùka ìgbàgbọ́ (absorption coefficients) ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave) ti oru omi (water vapor) àti carbon dioxide. Fún àwọn gígùn ìgbì tó sún mọ́ 15 microns (15 μm lórí ìwọ̀n òkè), níbi tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ti ń tú ìtọ́jú jáde ní kíkún, CO₂ jẹ́ olùgba ìtọ́jú (absorber) tó lágbára ju oru omi lọ.]] Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse gases) ń gba (absorb) àti ń tú (emit) ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde nínú àwọn àgbègbè gígùn ìgbì kan pàtó (wavelength ranges), tí a ṣètò gẹ́gẹ́ bí laini ìgbàgbọ́ (spectral lines) tàbí ìbáńdà (bands).<ref name="IPCC" /> Nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse gases) bá gba ìtọ́jú (radiation), wọ́n máa ń pín agbára tí wọ́n ti gba náà sí afẹ́fẹ́ tó yí wọn ká gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbára gbígbóná (thermal energy), ìyẹn agbára ìrìnàjò (kinetic energy) àwọn molikúlù gáàsì. A máa ń kó agbára láti inú molikúlù gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì lọ sí àwọn molikúlù mìíràn nípasẹ̀ ìjàkùkù (collisions) láàárín molikúlù.<ref name="uaATMO336eeb" /> Ní ìtakora sí ohun tí a máa ń sọ nígbà míì, àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì kì í “tún tújáde” fọ́tónù (photons) lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti gba ìtọ́jú náà. Nítorí pé molíkúlù kọ̀ọ̀kan máa ń ní ọ̀pọ̀ bilíọ̀nù ìjàkùkù (collisions) lọ́dọọdún kejì kejì (per second), agbára tí molíkúlù gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì bá gba nípasẹ̀ gbígba fọ́tónù máa ń tàn kálẹ̀ sí àwọn molíkúlù mìíràn kíákíá ṣáájú kí àǹfààní ìtújáde fọ́tónù tuntun lè wáyé.<ref name="uaATMO336eeb" /> Nínú ìlànà míì, àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde, ní ìwọ̀n tí ìtùtù afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń ṣàkóso. Agbára gbígbóná (thermal energy) yìí máa ń jẹ́ kí àwọn molíkúlù gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì mìíràn gba a, tàbí kí ó jáde kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí sì máa ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tutù sí i.<ref name="uaATMO336eeb" /> === Ìpa ìtọ́jú === Ìpa lórí afẹ́fẹ́: Afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń gbóná nípasẹ̀ ooru tí a fi pamọ́ (latent heat) — omi afẹ́fẹ́ tí ń di dígì (condensation) tí ó sì ń tú ooru jáde, ìṣàn afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbóná (thermals) tí ń gòkè láti ìsàlẹ̀, àti nípasẹ̀ ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí a gba nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="budget" /> Afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń tutù nípasẹ̀ ìtànkálẹ̀ ìtọ́jú (radiative cooling), níbi tí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì àti àwọn ìkùukùu ti ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave thermal radiation) jáde. Nínú troposphere, àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì sábà máa ń ní ipa ìtútù apapọ̀ lórí afẹ́fẹ́, nítorí pé wọ́n máa ń tú ìtọ́jú gbígbóná jáde ju bí wọ́n ṣe ń gba a lọ. Ìgbóná àti ìtútù afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń wà ní ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì dáadáa, ní àpapọ̀, kí afẹ́fẹ́ lè pa ìtùtù àárín rẹ̀ mọ́ ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ dúró ṣinṣin.<ref name=":1" />{{rp|139}}<ref name="Manabe1964">{{cite journal |last1=Manabe |first1=S. |last2=Strickler |first2=R. F. |title=Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Convective Adjustment |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-the-atmospheric-sciences_1964-07_21_4/page/361 |journal=J. Atmos. Sci. |date=1964 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=361–385 |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021<0361:TEOTAW>2.0.CO;2|doi-access=free |bibcode=1964JAtS...21..361M }}</ref> Ìpa lórí ìtútù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé: Ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) máa ń ṣàn lọ sí òkè àti sí ìsàlẹ̀ mejeeji nítorí ìgbàgbọ́ (absorption) àti ìtújáde (emission) nínú afẹ́fẹ́. Àwọn ìṣàn agbára tó ń fagilé ara wọn yìí máa ń dín ìtútù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé kù nípasẹ̀ ìtọ́jú (radiative cooling), ìyẹn ni ìṣàn agbára ìtọ́jú tí ń lọ sí òkè ní àpapọ̀ (net upward radiative energy flow). Gbigbe ooru pẹ̀lú ooru tí a fi pamọ́ (latent heat transport) àti ìṣàn afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbóná (thermals) máa ń pèsè ìtútù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé tí kì í ṣe ti ìtọ́jú (non-radiative surface cooling), èyí tí ó máa ń díẹ̀ dènà ìdínkù yìí, ṣùgbọ́n ṣì wà ìdínkù àpapọ̀ nínú ìtútù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé, fún ìwọn ìtùtù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé kan náà.<ref name=":1" />{{rp|139}}<ref name="Manabe1964" /> Ìpa lórí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (TOA energy balance): Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ní ipa lórí ìṣètò agbára ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (top-of-atmosphere, TOA) nípa dídín ìṣàn ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) tí ń jáde sí òde ayé kù, fún ìtùtù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé kan náà. Nítorí náà, àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ń yí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára ní TOA padà. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé ìtùtù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbọ́dọ̀ ga sí i (ju ìtùtù tó munadoko pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà lọ, ìyẹn ni ìtùtù tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú tí ń lọ sí òde ayé), kí agbára tí ń jáde sí òde ayé lè dọ́gba pẹ̀lú agbára tí ń wọlé láti ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn.<ref name=":1" />{{rp|139}}<ref name="Manabe1964" /> Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti dojú kọ ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (TOA energy budget) dípò ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé, nígbà tí a bá ń ṣàlàyé ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ń fa.<ref name="PierrehumbertTextbook" />{{rp|414}} [[File:Atmospheric heat flow profile.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Ìṣàn ooru nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tó ń fi hàn (a) ìṣàn ooru ìtọ́jú (radiative heat flow) tí ń lọ sókè àti àwọn ìṣàn ìtọ́jú tí ń lọ sókè àti sí ìsàlẹ̀, (b) ìṣàn ooru tí kì í ṣe ti ìtọ́jú (non-radiative heat flow) tí ń lọ sókè (ooru tí a fi pamọ́ (latent heat) àti ìṣàn afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbóná (thermals)), (c) ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì láàárín ìgbóná àti ìtútù afẹ́fẹ́ ní gíga kọ̀ọ̀kan, àti (d) àwòrán ìpín ìtùtù afẹ́fẹ́ (temperature profile) rẹ̀.]] === Àwọn ìkùukùu àti àwọn aerosol === Àwọn ìkùukùu (clouds) àti àwọn aerosol (aerosols) ní ipa ìtútù àti ipa ìgbóná mejeeji. Ipa ìtútù wọn ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú dídá ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé, nígbà tí ipa ìgbóná wọn ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú dídènà àti ìpamọ́ ìtọ́jú ooru (thermal radiation). Ní àpapọ̀, àwọn ìkùukùu (clouds) ní ipa ìtútù àpapọ̀ tó lágbára. Síbẹ̀, ìdàpọ̀ ipa ìtútù àti ipa ìgbóná máa ń yàtọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àbùdá pàtó àwọn ìkùukùu kan ṣe rí, pẹ̀lú irú wọn, gíga tí wọ́n wà, àti àwọn àbùdá opítíkà (optical properties) wọn.<ref name="GFDLcre">{{cite web |title=Cloud Radiative Effect |url=https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/cloud-radiative-effect/ |publisher=NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìkùukùu cirrus tó rẹ̀rẹ̀ lè ní ipa ìgbóná àpapọ̀. Àwọn ìkùukùu lè gba (absorb) àti tú (emit) ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi (infrared radiation) jáde, nítorí náà wọ́n lè ní ipa lórí àwọn àbùdá ìtọ́jú (radiative properties) afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liou |first=Kuo-Nan |date=1 June 1986 |title=Influence of Cirrus Clouds on Weather and Climate Processes: A Global Perspective |url=https://archive.org/details/monthly-weather-review_1986-06_114_6/page/1167 |journal=Monthly Weather Review |language=EN |volume=114 |issue=6 |pages=1167–1199 |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<1167:IOCCOW>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode=1986MWRv..114.1167L |issn=1520-0493 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn aerosol inú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé nípa yíyí iye ìtọ́jú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń wọlé àti iye ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn ilẹ̀-ayé (terrestrial longwave radiation) tí a ń pa mọ́ nínú ètò Ilẹ̀ Ayé padà. Èyí máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ọ̀pọ̀ ìlànà tó yàtọ̀ sí ara wọn, tí a pín sí ipa aerosol tààrà (direct effects), ipa aerosol àìtààrà (indirect effects),<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-Particulate_matter_Haywood2000-71</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-Particulate_matter_Twomey1977-72</ref> àti ipa aerosol ààrin tààrà (semi-direct effects). Àwọn ipa aerosol lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ ọjọ́ iwájú.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-Particulate_matter_Forster2007-73</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Alákóso Lórí Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) sọ ní ọdún 2001 pé:<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-74</ref> “Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a lè pinnu ìfipa ìtọ́jú (radiative forcing) tí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ń fa pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó dára, àwọn àìdánilójú tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìfipa ìtọ́jú tí àwọn aerosol ń fa ṣì pọ̀ gan-an. Ní ìwọ̀n púpọ̀, wọ́n gbára lé àwọn ìṣírò láti inú àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àgbáyé (global climate models), tí ó sì ṣòro láti fi ìdánwò tàbí àkíyèsí jẹ́rìí sí ní àkókò yìí.” == Àwọn fọ́ọ̀mùlà ìpìlẹ̀ == === Ìwọ̀n Ooru Tó Munadoko === Ìṣàn ìtọ́jú ooru (thermal radiation flux) kan máa ń ní ìwọ̀n ooru ìtọ́jú tó munadoko (effective radiating temperature) tàbí ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko (effective temperature) tí ó bá a mu. Ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko ni ìwọ̀n ooru tí black body (ohun kan tí ó lè gba àti tú gbogbo ìtọ́jú jáde ní pípé) yóò nílò láti ní kí ó lè tú iye ìtọ́jú ooru náà jáde.<ref name="mbta">{{cite web |title=Box 2: Solar and Earth Radiation and the Greenhouse Effect (adapted from Mackenzie, 2003) |url=http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/mguidry/Unnamed_Site_2/Chapter%202/Figures/Box%202%20Solar%20and%20Earth%20Radiation%20Greenhouse%20Effect.pdf |website=Myron B. Thompson Academy |date=2006}}</ref> Nítorí náà, ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko gbogbogbòò ti pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan ni :<math>T_\mathrm{eff} = (\mathrm{OLR}/\sigma)^{1/4}</math> níbi tí OLR jẹ́ àárín ìṣàn (agbára fún ẹ̀ka àgbègbè kan) ti ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (outgoing longwave radiation) tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé, àti pé <math>\sigma</math> jẹ́ ìdúróṣinṣin Stefan–Boltzmann (Stefan–Boltzmann constant). Ní irú ọ̀nà kan náà, ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko ti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ni :<math>T_\mathrm{surface,eff} = (\mathrm{SLR}/\sigma)^{1/4}</math> níbi tí SLR jẹ́ àárín ìṣàn ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde. (OLR jẹ́ àkótán tí a ti ń lò ní gbogbogbòò. A sì lo SLR níbí láti ṣàpèjúwe ìṣàn ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí àkótán àjọṣe tó gba gbogbo ènìyàn gbọ́ fún un.)<ref name="Haberle2013" /> === Àwọn Ìwọ̀n Ìdíwọ̀n Fún Ìpa Ilé-Gíláàsì === [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect metrics time series.svg|thumb|upright= 1.35|Ìlọsíwájú nínú ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) Ilẹ̀ Ayé láàárín ọdún 2000 sí 2022, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìsọfúnni láti inú satẹ́làítì NASA CERES ṣe fi hàn.]] IPCC sọ pé ìpa ilé-gíláàsì, G, jẹ́ 159 W m⁻², níbi tí G ti jẹ́ ìṣàn ìtọ́jú ooru ìgbi gígùn (longwave thermal radiation) tí ń fi ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé sílẹ̀, kúrò nínú ìṣàn ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ń jáde tí ó sì dé òde ayé:<ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7" />{{rp|968}}<ref name="ravram1" /><ref name="Schmidt2010" /><ref name="Schmidt2010paper" /> :<math>G = \mathrm{SLR} - \mathrm{OLR}\;.</math> Ní ọ̀nà míì, a lè ṣàpèjúwe ipa ilé-gíláàsì nípasẹ̀ ìpa ilé-gíláàsì tí a ṣe àfíwọ̀n sí (normalized greenhouse effect), g̃, tí a ṣàlàyé gẹ́gẹ́ bí: :<math>\tilde g = G/\mathrm{SLR} = 1 - \mathrm{OLR}/\mathrm{SLR}\;.</math> Ìpa ilé-gíláàsì tí a ṣe àfíwọ̀n sí (normalized greenhouse effect) ni ìpín nínú gbogbo ìtọ́jú ooru (thermal radiation) tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde tí kò dé òde ayé. Da lórí àwọn iye tí IPCC fún, g̃= 0.40. Ní àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ míì, ìtọ́jú ooru tí ń dé òde ayé kéré ní ìdá 40% ju iye tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde lọ.<ref name="ipcc-ar6wg1-ch7">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis |date=2021 |publisher=IPCC |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter07.pdf |access-date=24 April 2023 |chapter=Chapter 7: The Earth's Energy Budget, Climate Feedbacks, and Climate Sensitivity}}</ref>{{rp|968}}<ref name="ravram1">{{cite journal |last1=Raval |first1=A. |last2=Ramanathan |first2=V. |title=Observational determination of the greenhouse effect |journal=Nature |date=1989 |volume=342 |issue=6251 |pages=758–761 |doi=10.1038/342758a0 |bibcode=1989Natur.342..758R |s2cid=4326910 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/342758a0|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Nígbà míì, a máa ń fi ìyàtọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru (temperature difference) ṣe ìwọ̀n ipa ilé-gíláàsì. Ìyàtọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru yìí ní ìbáṣepọ̀ tó sún mọ́ra pẹ̀lú àwọn ìwọ̀n tí a mẹ́nu kàn lókè. Nígbà tí a bá ṣàfihàn ipa ilé-gíláàsì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyàtọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru, <math>\Delta T_\mathrm{GHE}</math>, èyí ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko (effective temperature) tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú ooru (thermal radiation) tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde, kúrò nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé: :<math>\Delta T_\mathrm{GHE} = T_\mathrm{surface,eff} - T_\mathrm{eff}</math> :<math>\Delta T_\mathrm{GHE} = \left(\mathrm{SLR}/\sigma\right)^{1/4} - \left(\mathrm{OLR}/\sigma\right)^{1/4}</math> Nínú àwọn ìjíròrò àìlékọ̀ọ́kan lórí ipa ilé-gíláàsì, a sábà máa ń fi ìwọ̀n ooru gidi ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé wé ìwọ̀n ooru tí pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà yóò ní bí kò bá sí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì. Síbẹ̀, nínú àwọn ìjíròrò ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì àti ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ tó jinlẹ̀, nígbà tí a bá ń fi ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ìwọ̀n ipa ilé-gíláàsì, a sábà máa ń lo fọ́ọ̀mùlà tó wà lókè. Fọ́ọ̀mùlà náà ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé tó munadoko (effective surface temperature), kì í ṣe ìwọ̀n ooru gidi ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Ó tún ń fi ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé wé òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (top of the atmosphere), dípò fífi ayé gidi wé ipò àfojúsùn ìrònú kan.<ref name="Haberle2013">{{cite journal |last1=Haberle |first1=Robert M. |title=Estimating the power of Mars' greenhouse effect |journal=Icarus |date=2013 |volume=223 |issue=1 |pages=619–620 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2012.12.022|bibcode=2013Icar..223..619H }}</ref> Ìyàtọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru, <math>\Delta T_\mathrm{GHE}</math>, ń fi hàn bí ojú pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì ṣe gbóná ju ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko gbogbogbòò (overall effective temperature) ti pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà lọ. === Ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì Ìtọ́jú === [[Fáìlì:Earth Energy Budget with GHE.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| A lè lóye ipa ilé-gíláàsì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdínkù nínú munadoko ìtútù pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì (''planetary cooling''). A máa ń ṣe ìwọ̀n ipa ilé-gíláàsì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpín nínú ìṣàn ìtọ́jú (''radiation flux'') tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde tí kò dé òde ayé, ìyẹn ni 40% tàbí 159 W/m². Díẹ̀ nínú ìtọ́jú tí a tú jáde máa ń jẹ́ fífi fagilé pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú tí ń bọ sísàlẹ̀ (''downwelling radiation''), nítorí náà kò kó ooru lọ ní tòótọ́. Ìyọ̀ omi (''evaporation'') àti ìkòkò-ìṣàn afẹ́fẹ́ (''convection'') máa ń san díẹ̀ lára ìdínkù ìtútù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé yìí padà. Ìwọ̀n ooru kékeré ní àwọn gíga tó ga nínú afẹ́fẹ́ sì ń fi ààlà sí ìwọ̀n tí ìtọ́jú ooru (''thermal radiation'') lè jáde lọ sí òde ayé.]] Àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (Earth's top-of-atmosphere energy imbalance, EEI) ni ìwọ̀n tí agbára ìtọ́jú tí ń wọlé fi pọ̀ ju agbára ìtọ́jú tí ń jáde lọ:<ref name=":3" /> :<math>\mathrm{EEI} = \mathrm{ASR} -\mathrm{OLR}</math> níbi tí ASR ti jẹ́ àárín ìṣàn ìtọ́jú oòrùn tí a ti gba (mean flux of absorbed solar radiation). A lè tú ASR sílẹ̀ sí :<math>\mathrm{ASR} = (1-A) \,\mathrm{MSI}</math> níbi tí <math>A</math> ti jẹ́ albedo (ìfarahàn pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà, ìyẹn agbára rẹ̀ láti da ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà), àti pé MSI jẹ́ àárín ìwọ̀n agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń wọlé ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (mean solar irradiance incoming at the top of the atmosphere). A lè ṣàfihàn ìwọ̀n ooru ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú (radiative equilibrium temperature) ti pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí :<math>T_\mathrm{radeq} = (\mathrm{ASR}/\sigma)^{1/4} = \left[(1-A)\,\mathrm{MSI}/\sigma \right]^{1/4} \;.</math> Ìwọ̀n ooru pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan máa ń yí padà lọ sí ipò ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú (radiative equilibrium), níbi tí àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (top-of-atmosphere energy imbalance, EEI) ti jẹ́ odo, ìyẹn ni: <math>\mathrm{EEI} = 0</math>. Nígbà tí pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan bá wà ní ipò ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú (radiative equilibrium), ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko gbogbogbòò (overall effective temperature) ti pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà ni a lè fi hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí: :<math>T_\mathrm{eff} = T_\mathrm{radeq}\;.</math> Nítorí náà, èrò ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú (radiative equilibrium) ṣe pàtàkì nítorí pé ó ń fi hàn ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko (effective temperature) tí pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan máa ń fẹ́ lọ sí ní ìparí.<ref name="ACSPredPlanTemp">{{cite web |title=Predicted Planetary Temperatures |url=https://www.acs.org/climatescience/energybalance/predictedplanetarytemperatures.html |website=ACS Climate Science Toolkit |publisher=American Chemical Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030348/https://www.acs.org/climatescience/energybalance/planetarytemperatures.html| archive-date=26 March 2023|access-date=14 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="rrtmeeb" /> Tí a bá tún mọ ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko (effective temperature), ní àfikún sí i, <math>T_\mathrm{eff}</math>, Tí a bá tún mọ ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko (effective temperature), tí a sì mọ iye ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect), nígbà náà a lè mọ àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà (mean surface temperature). Èyí ni ìdí tí ìwọ̀n tí a mọ̀ sí ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) fi ṣe pàtàkì: ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwọ̀n díẹ̀ tó ń pinnu àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì (mean surface temperature). === Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì àti Ìwọ̀n Ooru === Ní ìpò gbogbogbòò, pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan máa ń sún mọ́ ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú (radiative equilibrium), níbi tí ìwọ̀n ìṣàn agbára tí ń wọlé àti tí ń jáde ti máa ń wà ní ìdọ́gba tó dára. Ní irú ipò bẹ́ẹ̀, ìwọ̀n ooru ìdọ́gba (equilibrium temperature) pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì ni a máa ń pinnu pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń wọlé (mean solar irradiance) àti albedo pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà (ìyẹn iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí a ń padà sẹ́yìn sí òde ayé dípò kí a gba a). Ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ń fi hàn bí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe gbóná ju ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko gbogbogbòò ti pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà lọ. Nítorí náà, ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé tó munadoko (effective surface temperature), <math>T_\mathrm{surface,eff}</math>, jẹ́, nípa lílo ìtumọ̀ tí a ṣàlàyé ti <math>\Delta T_\mathrm{GHE}</math>, :<math>T_\mathrm{surface,eff} = T_\mathrm{eff} + \Delta T_\mathrm{GHE} \;.</math> Ọ̀kan lè tún ṣàfihàn ìbáṣepọ̀ láàárín <math>T_\mathrm{surface,eff}</math> àti <math>T_\mathrm{eff}</math> nípa lílo ''G'' tàbí ''g̃''. Nítorí náà, ìlànà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì tó tóbi jù máa ń bá ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé tó ga jù mu, bí a bá pa gbogbo ohun mìíràn mọ́ (ìyẹn, àwọn nkan tí ń pinnu <math>T_\mathrm{eff}</math>), jẹ́ òótọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀. Ṣàkíyèsí pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru gbogbo pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì náà pẹ̀lú, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìtẹ̀sí pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì láti sún mọ́ ipò ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì ìtọ́jú (radiative equilibrium).<ref name="Modest2021" /> == Àwọn Àròsọ Tó Kò Tọ́ == [[Fáìlì:Earth's Overall Heat Flow.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde sínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti sí òde ayé. Ìwọ̀n ìṣàn ooru lapapọ (net heat flow) máa ń lọ láti ibi tó gbóná sí ibi tó tutù, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú òfin kejì ti ìmò ìtọ́jú ooru (''second law of thermodynamics'').<ref name="2ndlawviol" /> (Àwòrán ìṣàn ooru yìí jẹ́ àfihàn tó jọ àwòrán ìṣúná agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé tí NASA ṣe. Àwọn data náà wá láti ọdún 2009.)]] Àwọn àìníyé àti àròsọ kan sábà máa ń wà nípa bí ipa ilé-gíláàsì ṣe ń ṣiṣẹ́ àti bí ó ṣe ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àṣìṣe ìrònú tó wọ́pọ̀ ni a máa ń pè ní “àṣìṣe ìṣúná ojú Ilẹ̀” (surface budget fallacy).<ref name="PierrehumbertTextbook" />{{rp|413}} Ó wáyé nígbà tí ènìyàn bá rò pé ìpọ̀sí nínú ìfarahan CO₂ lè fa ìgbóná nìkan nípa mímú kí ìtọ́jú ìgbóná (downward thermal radiation) sí ojú Ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, nítorí pé ó ń jẹ́ kí afẹ́fẹ́ di ẹni tó ń tú ìtọ́jú dara sí i. Tí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ Ilẹ̀ bá ti fẹrẹẹ̀ di aláìlẹ́gbẹ́ fún ìtọ́jú ìgbóná (opaque) tán, èyí lè dà bíi pé CO₂ kì yóò tún lè fa ìgbóná kankan sí i. Ṣùgbọ́n ó jẹ́ àṣìṣe láti fojú kọ ìṣúná agbára ojú Ilẹ̀ (surface energy budget) dípò ìṣúná agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (top-of-atmosphere energy budget). Kò sí ìyàtọ̀ ohun tí ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ojú Ilẹ̀, ìpọ̀sí nínú CO₂ máa ń dín ìtọ́jú ìgbóná tí ń jáde lọ sí òde ayé (OLR) kù, èyí sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (TOA energy imbalance) tí ó yọrí sí ìgbóná. Àwọn olùwádìí àkọ́kọ́ bíi Callendar (1938)<ref name=Callendar_193804>{{cite journal |last1=Callendar |first1=G. S. |title=The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |date=April 1938 |doi=10.1002/qj.49706427503}}</ref> àti Plass (1959) dojú kọ ìṣúná ojú Ilẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n iṣẹ́ Manabe ní ọdún 1960s ṣe àlàyé kedere ìtóbi pàtàkì ìṣúná agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="PierrehumbertTextbook">{{cite book |last1=Pierrehumbert |first1=Raymond T. |title=Principles of Planetary Climate |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86556-2}}</ref>{{rp|414}} Lára àwọn tí kò gba ipa ilé-gíláàsì gbọ́, àṣìṣe ìrònú kan wà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ń rán ooru láti afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó tutù sí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé tí ó gbóná, èyí tí yóò jẹ́ ìtakora sí òfin kejì ti ìmò ìtọ́jú ooru (second law of thermodynamics).<ref name="2ndlawviol">{{cite web |title=Global Warming Violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Brief Responses to Climate Change Denialism Statements |url=https://www.geol.umd.edu/sgc/elevator/elevator34.html |publisher=University of Maryland |access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Halpern2010">{{cite journal |last1=Halpern |first1=J. B. |last2=Close |first2=C. M. |last3=Ho-Stuart |first3=C. |last4=Shore |first4=J. D. |last5=Smith |first5=A. P. |last6=Zimmermann |first6=J. |title=Comment on "falsification of the Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within the Frame of Physics" |journal=International Journal of Modern Physics B |date=2010 |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1309–1332 |doi=10.1142/S021797921005555X}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, èrò yìí jẹ́ àìníyé. Ìṣàn ìtọ́jú ooru (radiation heat flow) jẹ́ ìṣàn agbára neti (net energy flow) lẹ́yìn tí a ti ka ìtọ́jú tí ń lọ sí ọ̀nà méjèèjì pọ̀.<ref name="Modest2021">{{cite book |last1=Modest |first1=Michael F.|author1-link=Michael F. Modest |title=Radiative Heat Transfer |date=2021 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0323984065 |edition=4}}</ref> Ìṣàn ìtọ́jú máa ń lọ láti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé sí afẹ́fẹ́ àti sí òde ayé,<ref name="budget" /> gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe ń retí nítorí pé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná ju afẹ́fẹ́ àti òde ayé lọ. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ń tú ìtọ́jú ooru sí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé sísàlẹ̀, èyí jẹ́ apá kan nínú ìlànà ìgbésẹ̀ ìgbóná ìtọ́jú (radiative heat transfer).<ref name="Siegel1971">{{cite web |last1=Siegel |first1=R. |last2=Howell |first2=J. R. |title=Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19710021465/downloads/19710021465.pdf |publisher=NASA |access-date=28 May 2023 |date=1971}}</ref> Ìtọ́jú sísàlẹ̀ yìí kàn ń dín ìṣàn ìtọ́jú neti tí ń gòkè lọ kù, ìyẹn ni pé ó ń dín ìtútù kù.<ref name="uaATMO336eeb">{{cite web |title=The Earth's Energy Budget II -- Radiation Emitted by the Earth, the Greenhouse Effect, and the Overall Energy Balance |url=http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring17/atmo336s2/lectures/sec3/energybudget2.html |publisher=University of Arizona, Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences |access-date=28 May 2023 |date=2017}}</ref> == Àwọn Àwòṣe Tó Rọrùn == [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ìṣàn agbára láàárín òde ayé, afẹ́fẹ́, àti ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú ooru (radiation), níbi tí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ti ń gba àti tú ìtọ́jú ooru jáde, èyí sì ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Àwọn data náà wá láti ọdún 2007.]] Àwọn àwòṣe tó rọrùn ni a sábà máa ń lò láti ṣàtìlẹ́yìn fún ìmòye bí ipa ilé-gíláàsì ṣe ń wáyé àti bí ó ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. === Àwòṣe Ìpele Afẹ́fẹ́ === A lè rí ipa ilé-gíláàsì ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú àwòṣe tó rọrùn níbi tí a ti kà afẹ́fẹ́ sí bí ìpele kan ṣoṣo tó jọra jakejado, tí ń ṣe ìṣàkóso ìyípadà ìtọ́jú ìtọ́jú (radiation) pẹ̀lú ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti òde ayé.<ref name="acs-single">{{cite web |title=ACS Climate Science Toolkit - Atmospheric Warming - A Single-Layer Atmosphere Model |url=https://www.acs.org/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/singlelayermodel.html |accessdate=2 October 2022 |publisher=[[American Chemical Society]] |archive-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525201203/https://www.acs.org/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/singlelayermodel.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe tí ó díẹ̀ lágbára sí i máa ń fi àwọn ìpele míì kún un, tàbí wọ́n máa ń fi ìṣàn ìgbóná nípasẹ̀ convection sílẹ̀ nínú rẹ̀.<ref name="acs-multi">{{cite web |title=ACS Climate Science Toolkit - Atmospheric Warming - A Multi-Layer Atmosphere Model |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/multilayermodel.html |accessdate=2 October 2022 |publisher=[[American Chemical Society]] |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130202305/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/multilayermodel.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ìpele Ìtújáde Tó Dọ́gba === Ìtúpalẹ̀ kan ni pé a lè kà gbogbo ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn tí ń jáde (outgoing longwave radiation) sí bí ẹni pé ó ń jáde láti ìpele kan nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìwọ̀n ooru rẹ̀ dọ́gba pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru tó munadoko gbogbogbòò fún ìtújáde pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì, <math>T_\mathrm{eff}</math>.<ref name="Benestad2017">{{cite journal |last1=Benestad |first1=R. E. |date=2017 |title=A mental picture of the greenhouse effect |journal=Theor Appl Climatol |volume=128 |issue=3–4 |pages=679–688 |doi=10.1007/s00704-016-1732-y |s2cid=123923155 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ kan ti pe ìpele yìí ní ìpele ìtújáde tó munadoko (effective radiating level, ERL), wọ́n sì dámọ̀ràn pé bí ìpọ̀sí CO₂ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, ERL gbọ́dọ̀ gòkè sí i kí ìwọ̀n ìpọ̀ CO₂ tó wà lókè ìpele náà lè wà ní ìdọ́gba.<ref name="aosuw">{{cite web |title=Radiation Balance of the Earth-Atmosphere System |url=https://www.aos.wisc.edu/~aos121br/radn/radn/sld001.htm |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences |publisher=University of Wisconsin |quote=Based on the account in Horel & Geisler (1996) 'Global Environmental Change: An Atmospheric Perspective' |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612232513/https://www.aos.wisc.edu/~aos121br/radn/radn/sld001.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ọ̀nà yìí kéré síi nínú ìpéye rẹ̀ ju bí a ṣe ń ka ìyàtọ̀ ìpele ìtújáde ìtọ́jú gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ìpele tí ìtọ́jú ń jáde lọ (emission altitude variation by wavelength) sí. Síbẹ̀, ó lè wúlò fún ìmúye tó rọrùn nípa bí ipa ilé-gíláàsì ṣe ń ṣiṣẹ́.<ref name="Benestad2017" /> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, a lè lo ó láti ṣàlàyé bí ipa ilé-gíláàsì ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i nígbà tí ìpọ̀sí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì bá ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="Rasmus2016">{{cite web |last1=Benestad |first1=R. E. |date=2016 |title=What is the best description of the greenhouse effect? |url=https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2016/02/what-is-the-best-description-of-the-greenhouse-effect/ |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=RealClimate}}</ref><ref name="aosuw" /><ref name="Tziperman2022" /> Ìpele ìtújáde tó dọ́gba (equivalent emission altitude) fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé lapapọ̀ ti ń gòkè sí i pẹ̀lú ìtẹ̀sí tó tó 23 m (75 ft) fún gbogbo ọdún mẹ́wàá, èyí tí a sọ pé ó bá ìgbóná ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé àgbáyé mu tó tó 0.12 °C (0.22 °F) fún gbogbo ọdún mẹ́wàá láàárín ọdún 1979 sí 2011.<ref name="Benestad2017" /> == Àwọn ipa tó jọmọ̀ lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé == === Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì Tó Dín Kù === Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti ṣàkíyèsí pé ní àwọn ìgbà kan, ipa ilé-gíláàsì odi (negative greenhouse effect) máa ń wáyé lórí apá kan Ilẹ̀ Antaktíkà.<ref name="hsch">{{Cite journal |last1=Schmithüsen |first1=Holger |last2=Notholt |first2=Justus |last3=König-Langlo |first3=Gert |last4=Lemke |first4=Peter |last5=Jung |first5=Thomas |date=16 December 2015 |title=How increasing {{CO2}} leads to an increased negative greenhouse effect in Antarctica |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=42 |issue=23 |doi=10.1002/2015GL066749 |issn=0094-8276 |s2cid=131351000 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="sejas">{{cite journal |last1=Sejas |first1=S.A. |last2=Taylor |first2=P. C. |last3=Cai |first3=M. |date=2018 |title=Unmasking the negative greenhouse effect over the Antarctic Plateau |journal=npj Clim Atmos Sci |volume=1 |issue=17 |page=17 |doi=10.1038/s41612-018-0031-y |pmc=7580794 |pmid=33102742|bibcode=2018npCAS...1...17S }}</ref> Ní ibi tí ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ (temperature inversion) lagbara, ìyẹn níbi tí afẹ́fẹ́ ti gbóná ju ojú Ilẹ̀ lọ, ó lè ṣeé ṣe kí ipa ilé-gíláàsì yí padà, kí wíwà àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì jẹ́ kí ìtútù ìtọ́jú (radiative cooling) sí òde ayé pọ̀ sí i. Nínú ọ̀ràn yìí, ìwọ̀n ìtọ́jú ìgbóná tí ń jáde sí òde ayé ju ìwọ̀n ìtọ́jú ìgbóná tí ojú Ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde lọ. Nítorí náà, iye agbègbè ìpò yìí fún ipa ilé-gíláàsì jẹ́ odi. === Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì Tí Kò Ṣeé Dènà (Runaway Greenhouse Effect) === Most scientists believe that a runaway greenhouse effect is inevitable in the long term, as the Sun gradually becomes more luminous as it ages, and will spell the end of all life on Earth. As the Sun becomes 10% brighter about one billion years from now, the surface temperature of Earth will reach 47 °C (117 °F) (unless albedo is increased sufficiently), causing the temperature of Earth to rise rapidly and its oceans to boil away until it becomes a greenhouse planet, similar to Venus today. == Àwọn Ara Òde Ilẹ̀ Ayé Mìíràn == {| class="wikitable" |+ Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì lórí Àwọn Ara Ọ̀run Mìíràn<ref name="ACSplanet">{{cite web |title=Atmospheres and Planetary Temperatures |url=https://www.acs.org/climatescience/energybalance/planetarytemperatures.html |access-date=29 May 2023 |publisher=ACS |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127144936/https://www.acs.org/climatescience/energybalance/planetarytemperatures.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="McKay1991">{{Cite journal |last1=McKay |first1=C. P. |last2=Pollack |first2=J. B. |last3=Courtin |first3=R. |date=6 September 1991 |title=The greenhouse and antigreenhouse effects on Titan |url=https://wray.eas.gatech.edu/physicsplanets2012/Assignments/McKay_etal1991_TitanAntiGreenhouse.pdf |journal=Science |language=en |volume=253 |issue=5024 |pages=1118–1121 |bibcode=1991Sci...253.1118M |doi=10.1126/science.11538492 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=11538492 |s2cid=10384331 |s2cid-access=free |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629174917/https://wray.eas.gatech.edu/physicsplanets2012/Assignments/McKay_etal1991_TitanAntiGreenhouse.pdf |archive-date= 29 June 2023 }}</ref><ref name="nasatitan">{{cite web |title=Titan | date=2 May 2018 |url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/saturn-moons/titan/in-depth/#:~:text=Titan%27s%20atmosphere%20is%20mostly%20nitrogen,accelerated%20in%20Saturn%27s%20magnetic%20field. |access-date=29 May 2023 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> |- ! !!Venus !! Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Earth) !! Mars !! Titan |- | Iwọn otutu oju Ilẹ̀ Ayé, <math>T_\mathrm{observed}</math> || {{convert|735|K|C F|0|abbr=on}} || {{convert|288|K|C F|0|abbr=on}} ||{{convert|215|K|C F|0|abbr=on}} || {{convert|94|K|C F|0|abbr=on}} |- | Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì, <math>\Delta T}_\mathrm{GHE</math>|| {{convert|503|K-change}} || {{convert|33|K-change}} || {{convert|6|K-change}} || {{convert|21|K-change}} GHE;<br />{{convert|12|K-change}} GHE+AGHE |- | Ìtẹ̀sí (Pressure) || 92 atm || 1 atm || 0.0063 atm || 1.5 atm |- | Àwọn Gásì Pàtàkì (Primary gases) || CO<sub>2</sub>(0.965)<br /> N<sub>2</sub>(0.035) || N<sub>2</sub>(0.78)<br /> O<sub>2</sub>(0.21)<br />Ar (0.009) || CO<sub>2</sub>(0.95)<br />N (0.03)<br />Ar (0.02) || N<sub>2</sub>(0.95)<br />CH<sub>4</sub>(≈0.05) |- | Àwọn Gásì Tó Kéré Ní Ìpín (Trace gases) || SO<sub>2</sub>, Ar || H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>|| O<sub>2</sub>, CO || H<sub>2</sub> |- | Ìwọ̀n Ooru Tó Munadoko Pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì (Planetary Effective Temperature), <math>T_\mathrm{eff}</math> || {{convert|232|K|C F|0|abbr=on}} || {{convert|255|K|C F|0|abbr=on}} || {{convert|209|K|C F|0|abbr=on}} || 73 K tropopause;<br /> 82 K stratopause |- | Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì, <math>G</math>|| {{Val|16000}} W/m{{sup|2}} || 150 W/m{{sup|2}} || 13 W/m{{sup|2}} || 2.8 W/m{{sup|2}} GHE;<br /> 1.9 W/m{{sup|2}} GHE+AGHE |- | Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì Tó Dọ́gba (Normalized Greenhouse Effect), <math>\tilde g</math>|| 0.99|| 0.39 || 0.11 || 0.63 GHE;<br /> 0.42 GHE+AGHE |} Nínú Ìṣètò Oòrùn (Solar System), yàtọ̀ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ó kéré tán àwọn pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì méjì àti òṣùpá kan tún ní ipa ilé-gíláàsì. === Venus === Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì lórí Venus pọ̀ gan-an, ó sì ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ ìdí ojú Ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ dé tó 735 K (462 °C; 863 °F). Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ kún gan-an, tí ó sì jẹ́ pé nǹkan bí ìdá 97% nínú rẹ̀ ni carbon dioxide (CO₂).<ref name="McKay1991"/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Venus sún mọ́ Oòrùn ní ìwọ̀n tó tó 30% síi, ó ń gba (ó sì ń gbóná láti inú) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn kéré ju Ilẹ̀ Ayé lọ, nítorí pé Venus ń fọ̀hùn padà (reflect) nǹkan bí ìdá 77% ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ó dé e, nígbà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń fọ̀hùn padà nǹkan bí ìdá 30%. Bí kò bá sí ipa ilé-gíláàsì rárá, a máa retí pé ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ ojú Ilẹ̀ Venus yóò jẹ́ 232 K (−41 °C; −42 °F). Nítorí náà, dípò ìrò pé súnmọ́ Oòrùn ni ìdí tí Venus fi gbóná ju Ilẹ̀ Ayé lọ, kóòdà ó jẹ́ òdì kejì ohun tí a lè rò.<ref name="uwatmos211oct10">{{cite web |date=10 October 2001 |title=ATM S - Climate and Climate Change |url=https://atmos.washington.edu/academics/classes/2001Q4/211/notes_greenhouse.html |access-date=14 June 2023 |publisher=University of Washington}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Venus Fact Sheet |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=5 Weird Facts About Venus |url=https://www.britannica.com/list/5-weird-facts-about-venus#:~:text=Even%20though%20Venus%20is%20much,and%20reradiated%20as%20infrared%20radiation. |access-date=25 April 2023 |publisher=Britannica}}</ref> Nítorí titẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ tó ga, carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Venus ń fi ìmúra ìgbóná jùlọ (continuum absorption) hàn, ìyẹn ni pé ó ń gba ìtọ́jú ìgbi gígùn ní gbogbo àgbègbè ìwọ̀n igbi, kì í ṣe ní àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ ìgbà igbi pàtó nìkan bí ó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref name="Pierrehumbert2011" /> A ti ṣe àbá fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì tó yára ju ìṣàkóso lọ (runaway greenhouse effect) tí ó kan carbon dioxide àti ìrì omi lè ti ṣẹlẹ̀ lórí Venus;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rasool |first1=I. |last2=De Bergh |first2=C. |date=June 1970 |title=The Runaway Greenhouse and the Accumulation of CO<sub>2</sub> in the Venus Atmosphere |url=http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/1970/1970_Rasool_DeBergh.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Nature |volume=226 |issue=5250 |pages=1037–9 |bibcode=1970Natur.226.1037R |doi=10.1038/2261037a0 |pmid=16057644 |s2cid=4201521 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021110413/http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/1970/1970_Rasool_DeBergh.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2011 |access-date=22 June 2026 |archivedate=21 October 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021110413/http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/1970/1970_Rasool_DeBergh.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> èrò yìí ṣì wà lára àwọn tí a gba lọ́pọ̀ jù lọ títí di òní.<ref name="McCarthy">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Michael Cabbage and Leslie |title=NASA climate modeling suggests Venus may have been habitable |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2475/nasa-climate-modeling-suggests-venus-may-have-been-habitable |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811030814/https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2475/nasa-climate-modeling-suggests-venus-may-have-been-habitable/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=10 August 2016 }}</ref> Venus ní ìrírí ipa ilé-gíláàsì tí kò lè dákẹ́, èyí tí ó yọrí sí afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó kún fún carbon dioxide tó tó ìdá 96%, àti titẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ojú Ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ tó fẹrẹ̀ dà bí ìtẹ̀sí omi ní ijinlẹ̀ tó tó 900 m (3,000 ft) nínú òkun lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Ó ṣeé ṣe kí Venus ti ní òkun omi ní ìgbà kan, ṣùgbọ́n omi yìí yóò ti yọ (boil off) bí ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ ojú Ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ ṣe ń gòkè dé 735 K (462 °C; 863 °F) tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hashimoto, G. L. |author2=Roos-Serote, M. |author3=Sugita, S. |author4=Gilmore, M. S. |author5=Kamp, L. W. |author6=Carlson, R. W. |author7=Baines, K. H. |date=2008 |title=Felsic highland crust on Venus suggested by Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer data |journal=[[Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets]] |volume=113 |issue=E9 |pages=E00B24 |bibcode=2008JGRE..113.0B24H |doi=10.1029/2008JE003134 |s2cid=45474562 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=David Shiga |date=10 October 2007 |title=Did Venus's ancient oceans incubate life? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12769-did-venuss-ancient-oceans-incubate-life.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324134332/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12769-did-venuss-ancient-oceans-incubate-life.html |archive-date=24 March 2009 |access-date=17 July 2019 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref name="Jakosky">{{cite book |last1=Jakosky |first1=Bruce M. |title=The New Solar System |date=1999 |publisher=Sky Publishing |isbn=978-0-933346-86-4 |editor1-last=Beatty |editor1-first=J. Kelly |edition=4th |location=Boston |pages=175–200 |chapter=Atmospheres of the Terrestrial Planets |oclc=39464951 |editor2-last=Petersen |editor2-first=Carolyn Collins |editor3-last=Chaikin |editor3-first=Andrew}}</ref> === Mars === Mars ní nǹkan bí ìdá 70 ìgbà CO₂ ju Ilẹ̀ Ayé lọ,<ref name="Crisp2012">{{cite web |last1=Crisp |first1=D. |date=2012 |title={{CO2}} GREENHOUSE EFFECTS ON VENUS, EARTH, AND MARS |url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/climatology2012/pdf/8083.pdf |access-date=28 May 2023 |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology}}</ref> ṣùgbọ́n ó ní ipa ilé-gíláàsì kékeré nìkan, tó tó nǹkan bí 6 K (11 °F).<ref name="ACSplanet" /> Ipa ilé-gíláàsì yìí kéré nítorí àìsí ìrì omi (water vapour) àti bí afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣe tinúrinú gan-an.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=John |date=2017 |title=Does Mars Have a Greenhouse Effect? |url=https://sciencing.com/mars-greenhouse-effect-1914.html |website=Sciencing}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣírò ìtújáde ìtànràn (radiative transfer) kan náà tí ó ń ṣàlàyé ìgbóná lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé tún ń ṣàlàyé ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ ojú Ilẹ̀ Mars dáadáa, nígbà tí a bá kà àkópọ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Does the {{CO2}} atmosphere of Mars disprove greenhouse warming? |url=https://metafact.io/factchecks/77-does-the-co2-atmosphere-of-mars-disprove-greenhouse-warming |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=metafact |date=14 May 2019 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528061203/https://metafact.io/factchecks/77-does-the-co2-atmosphere-of-mars-disprove-greenhouse-warming |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="WeartVenus">{{cite web |last1=Weart |first1=Spencer |title=The Discovery of Global Warming: Venus & Mars |url=https://history.aip.org/climate/Venus.htm |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Center for History of Physics |publisher=American Institute of Physics}}</ref><ref name="Haberle2013" /> === Titan === Oṣù Saturni Titan ní ipa ilé-gíláàsì àti ipa ilé-gíláàsì odi (anti-greenhouse effect) ní àkókò kan náà. Wíwà nitrogen (N₂), methane (CH₄), àti hydrogen (H₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ ń kópa nínú ipa ilé-gíláàsì, èyí tí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ ojú Ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ gòkè sí 21 K (38 °F) ju ìwọ̀n tí a máa retí lọ fún ara yìí tí kò bá ní àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí.<ref name="McKay1991" /><ref name="astrobio2005">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2005 |title=Titan: Greenhouse and Anti-greenhouse |url=https://www.astrobio.net/retrospections/titan-greenhouse-and-anti-greenhouse/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927031140/https://www.astrobio.net/retrospections/titan-greenhouse-and-anti-greenhouse/ |archive-date=27 September 2019 |access-date=4 November 2019 |website=Astrobiology Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn gáàsì N₂ àti H₂ kì í sábà gba ìtọ́jú ìgbóná infurarẹẹdi (infrared radiation), àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ń gba ìtọ́jú ìgbóná lórí Titan nítorí ìkọlu tí ìtẹ̀sí (pressure) ń fa láàárín àwọn patíkù, ìwọ̀n àti ìtóbi afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó pọ̀, àti ìgbi gígùn ìtọ́jú ìgbóná tí ń bọ láti ojú Ilẹ̀ tó tutù.<ref name="Pierrehumbert2011" /><ref name="McKay1991" /><ref name="astrobio2005" /> Wíwà ìkùukùu tó wà ní gíga, tí ń gba àwọn ìgbi gígùn ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn ṣùgbọ́n tí ó jẹ́ mímọ́ fún ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi (infrared), ń kópa nínú ipa ilé-gíláàsì odi tó tó nǹkan bí 9 K (16 °F).<ref name="McKay1991" /><ref name="astrobio2005" /> Abajade lapapọ ti àwọn ipa méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ìgbóná tó tó 21 K − 9 K = 12 K (22 °F), nítorí náà ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ ojú Ilẹ̀ Titan tó jẹ́ 94 K (−179 °C; −290 °F) jẹ́ 12 K gbóná ju ohun tí yóò jẹ́ bí kò bá sí afẹ́fẹ́ rárá lọ.ref name="McKay1991" /><ref name="astrobio2005" /> === Ìpa ìtẹ̀sí (pressure) === A kò lè ṣe àfojúsùn ìwọn ìbátan ipa ilé-gíláàsì lórí àwọn ara ọ̀run (celestial bodies) oríṣìíríṣìí nípa fífi iye àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ wọn wé ara wọn nìkan. Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé àwọn ohun mìíràn yàtọ̀ sí iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí náà ń kópa nínú ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò ìtóbi ipa ilé-gíláàsì. Ìtẹ̀sí afẹ́fẹ́ lapapọ̀ ń ní ipa lórí iye ìtọ́jú ìgbóná tí molikula kọ̀ọ̀kan nínú gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì lè gba. Ìtẹ̀sí tó ga ń yọrí sí ìgbàlódé ìmúra ìtọ́jú (absorption) sí i, nígbà tí ìtẹ̀sí kéré sì ń dín un kù.<ref name="Pierrehumbert2011" /> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí ohun tí a ń pè ní “ìfàsílẹ̀ ìlà ìmúra nítorí ìtẹ̀sí” (pressure broadening) nínú àwọn ìlà àfihàn ìmọ́lẹ̀ (spectral lines). Nígbà tí ìtẹ̀sí afẹ́fẹ́ lapapọ̀ bá ga, ìkọlù láàárín àwọn molikula máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀ síi. Ìkọlù wọ̀nyí ń tú ìbú àwọn ìlà ìmúra (absorption lines) ká, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì lè gba ìtọ́jú ìgbóná lórí àgbègbè ìwọ̀n igbi tó gbòòrò síi.<ref name="PierrehumbertTextbook" />{{rp|226}}  Molikula kọ̀ọ̀kan nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà ní kùtùkùtù ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń ní ìkọlù tó tó nǹkan bí bílíọ̀nù méje (7 billion) ní gbogbo ìsẹ́jú ààyá kan. Ìwọ̀n yìí kéré sí i ní àwọn ìpele gíga afẹ́fẹ́, níbi tí ìtẹ̀sí àti ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe kéré sí i.<ref name="eiuatmo">{{cite web |title=The Atmosphere |url=https://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1400/atmos_struct.html#:~:text=Near%20sea%20level%2C%20an%20atom,is%20about%201%20each%20minute. |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=Eastern Illinois University}}</ref> Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì lè gba ìtọ́jú ìgbóná lórí àgbègbè ìgbi gígùn (wavelengths) tó pọ̀ síi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ju bí wọ́n ṣe lè ṣe é lọ ní afẹ́fẹ́ òkè.<ref name="Plass1950" /><ref name="Wallace2006" /> Lórí àwọn pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì mìíràn, ìfàsílẹ̀ ìlà ìmúra nítorí ìtẹ̀sí (pressure broadening) túmọ̀ sí pé molikula kọ̀ọ̀kan nínú gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa síi nínú mímú ìtọ́jú ìgbóná di àdúgbò nígbà tí ìtẹ̀sí afẹ́fẹ́ lapapọ̀ bá ga (bíi lórí Venus), ṣùgbọ́n yóò dín ìmúra rẹ̀ kù nígbà tí ìtẹ̀sí afẹ́fẹ́ bá kéré (bíi lórí Mars).<ref name="Pierrehumbert2011" />   == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == gwjlorsxh4u2iu7i8adevy0z76pte5q Awọn ipa oju ilẹ lori oju-ọjọ 0 80477 632054 622589 2026-08-19T16:32:25Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632054 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:Mean_annual_temperature_change_on_land_by_region.svg|thumb|Àròpọ̀ ìyípadà otutu ọdọọdún lórí ilẹ̀ ní agbègbè kọ̀ọ̀kan]] '''Ipa oju ilẹ lori oju ojo''' wọ́n gbòòrò, wọ́n sì yàtọ̀ síra láti agbègbè dé agbègbè. Pípa igbó run àti lílo àwọn ilẹ̀ àdánidá ní ipa pàtàkì. Díẹ̀ lára ​​àwọn àyípadà àyíká yìí jọ èyí tí àwọn ipa ìgbóná ayé ń fà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-01-25}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2016-06-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2018-08-21}}</ref> == Àwọn ipa pípa igbó run == Àwọn ìyípadà pàtàkì lórí ilẹ̀ tí ó lè fa ojú ọjọ́ pẹ̀lú pípa igbó run (pàápàá jùlọ ní àwọn agbègbè olóoru), <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=17 April 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|bibcode=2015EGUGA..1715338Z|title=Cascading effects of deforestation and drying trends on reduced forest resilience in the Amazon region|journal=EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts|volume=17|pages=15338|year=2015|last=Zemp, Delphine|last2=Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich|last3=Barbosa, Henrique|last4=Sampaio, Gilvan|last5=Hirota, Marina|last6=Rammig, Anja}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/opinion/sunday/deforestation-and-drought.html?_r=0|title=Opinion - Deforestation and Drought|journal=[[The New York Times]]|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=2017-03-02|archivedate=2021-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411045328/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/opinion/sunday/deforestation-and-drought.html?_r=0|last=Robbins|first1=Jim}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=February 25, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=May 7, 2016}}</ref> àti pípa ilẹ̀ koríko àti igbó xeric run nípa jíjẹko ju bó ṣe yẹ lọ, tàbí àìsí pápáko. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí nínú ilẹ̀ àdánidá ń dín ìtújáde omi kù, àti nípa bẹ́ẹ̀, ìtújáde omi, nínú afẹ́fẹ́, wọ́n ń dín àwọsánmà àti òjò kù. A ti dámọ̀ràn rẹ̀, nínú ìwé ìròyìn Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, pé ìwọ̀n ìtújáde omi láti àwọn agbègbè igbó lè ju ti àwọn òkun lọ, èyí tí ó ń ṣẹ̀dá àwọn agbègbè tí ìfúnpá kékeré wà, èyí tí ó ń mú kí ìjì àti òjò pọ̀ sí i nípasẹ̀ àtúnlo omi ojú ọjọ́. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics|last=A. M. Makarieva|last2=V. G. Gorshkov|last3=D. Sheil|last4=A. D. Nobre|last5=B.-L. Li|journal=Atmos. Chem. Phys.|year=2013|volume=13|issue=2|pages=1039–1056|doi=10.5194/acp-13-1039-2013|arxiv=1004.0355|bibcode=2013ACP....13.1039M|url=free|access-date=2016-05-14|archivedate=2020-07-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730204012/https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/1039/2013/acp-13-1039-2013.pdf}}</ref> Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìmọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá alààyè ti Amẹ́ríkà (Ile-ẹkọ Amẹrika ti Awọn Imọ-jinlẹ Ayé) tẹ ìwé kan náà jáde láti fi ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún èrò yìí ní ọdún 2009.[1] Ní àfikún, pẹ̀lú pípa igbó run àti/tàbí pípa ilẹ̀ koríko run, iye ìrì tí ewéko ń kó (tàbí tí wọ́n ń dì) dínkù gidigidi. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=August 29, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Global assessment of trends in wetting and drying over land|last=Peter Greve|last2=Boris Orlowsky|last3=Brigitte Mueller|last4=Justin Sheffield|last5=Markus Reichstein|last6=Sonia I. Seneviratne|journal=Nature Geoscience|year=2014|volume=7|issue=10|pages=716–721|doi=10.1038/ngeo2247|bibcode=2014NatGe...7..716G}}</ref> Gbogbo èyí ń ṣe àfikún sí ìtújáde ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí. 25-50% òjò tó rọ̀ ní agbègbè Amazon wá láti inú igbó, tí pípa igbó run bá sì dé 30-40%, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè Amazon yóò wọ inú ojú ọjọ́ gbígbẹ títí láé. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malhi|first1=Yadvinder|last2=Roberts|first2=J. Timmons|last3=Betts|first3=Richard A.|last4=Killeen|first4=Timothy J.|last5=Li|first5=Wenhong|last6=Nobre|first6=Carlos A.|title=Climate Change, Deforestation, and the Fate of the Amazon|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2008-01-11_319_5860/page/169|journal=Science|date=11 January 2008|volume=319|issue=5860|pages=169–172|doi=10.1126/science.1146961|bibcode=2008Sci...319..169M}}</ref> Nínú àpilẹ̀kọ mìíràn tí Nature tẹ̀ jáde, ó tọ́ka sí i pé pípa igbó run lè fa ìdínkù ńlá nínú òjò tó ń rọ̀. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=C.|last2=Baker|first2=J. C. A.|last3=Spracklen|first3=D. V.|title=Tropical deforestation causes large reductions in observed precipitation|journal=Nature|date=March 2023|volume=615|issue=7951|pages=270–275|doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05690-1|bibcode=2023Natur.615..270S}}</ref> Èrò yìí nípa àbájáde ojú ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ wọ́pọ̀ láàrín àwọn onímọ̀ nípa ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi Masanobu Fukuoka, ẹni tí, nínú ìwé rẹ̀, ''Ìyípadà Ẹranko Kanṣoṣo'', sọ pé “òjò ń wá láti ilẹ̀, kì í ṣe láti ojú ọ̀run.” <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2016-09-23}}</ref> Pípa igbó run, àti yíyí àwọn pápá koríko padà sí aṣálẹ̀, lè tún yọrí sí ìtútù ojú ọjọ́ agbègbè náà. Èyí jẹ́ nítorí ipa albedo (ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ilẹ̀ kò ní ìmọ́lẹ̀ ń tàn jáde) ní ọ̀sán, àti ìtànṣán ooru kíákíá sí ojú ọ̀run ní alẹ́, nítorí àìsí ewéko àti ọrinrin afẹ́fẹ́ . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=February 18, 2021}}</ref> == Àwọn ipa ojú ọjọ́ òkè ńlá == === Igbéga Orographic === {{Main|Orographic lift}}Gíga ìrógìdì máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá fipá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ kan láti ibi gíga sí ibi gíga bí ó ti ń rìn lórí ilẹ̀ gíga. Bí afẹ́fẹ́ náà ṣe ń ga sí i, ó máa ń tutù kíákíá, èyí tí ó lè mú kí ọrinrin pọ̀ sí i 100% kí ó sì ṣẹ̀dá ìkùukùu, àti, lábẹ́ àwọn ipò tí ó yẹ, òjò. === Òjìji òjò === Òjìji òjò jẹ́ agbègbè gbígbẹ ní apá òkè ńlá kan (kúrò sí afẹ́fẹ́). Àwọn òkè ńláńlá ń dí ọ̀nà ojú ọjọ́ tí òjò ń mú wá lọ́wọ́, wọ́n sì ń da “òjìji” gbígbẹ sí ẹ̀yìn wọn. Afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ń fẹ́ sí orí àwọn òkè ńláńlá náà ń fa afẹ́fẹ́ àti afẹ́fẹ́ tútù sí orí àwọn òkè ńláńlá, wọ́n ń rọ̀ kí ó sì máa rọ̀ kí ó tó kọjá orí òkè náà. Ní ìdàkejì ìgbéga ọ̀rọ̀, afẹ́fẹ́, láìsí omi púpọ̀, ń lọ sí ẹ̀yìn àwọn òkè ńláńlá, ó ń ṣẹ̀dá ẹ̀gbẹ́ gbígbẹ tí a ń pè ní “òjìji òjò”. === Afẹ́fẹ́ Foehn === {{Main|Foehn wind}}Föhn tàbí foehn jẹ́ irú afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ, gbígbóná, àti ìsàlẹ̀ tí ó máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (apá ìsàlẹ̀) ti àwọn òkè ńlá kan. [[Fáìlì:Storm_Oratia_30_Oct_2000.jpg|right|thumb|A le bẹ̀rẹ̀ Föhn nígbà tí àwọn ìfúnpá jíjìn bá lọ sí Yúróòpù tí ó ń fa afẹ́fẹ́ [[Òkun Mẹditéránì|Mẹditaréníà]] tútù lórí àwọn òkè Alps .]] Afẹ́fẹ́ òjìji òjò ni èyí tó ń jáde láti inú ìgbóná afẹ́fẹ́ adiabatic tó tẹ̀lé e tó ti fa ọ̀rinrin rẹ̀ sí orí àwọn òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (wo ìlọsíwájú ọ̀rọ̀). Nítorí onírúurú ìwọ̀n afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń tú jáde láti adiabatic, afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń gbẹ àti èyí tó ń gbóná máa ń gbóná ju àwọn òkè tó wà lórí àwọn òkè afẹ́fẹ́ lọ. Afẹ́fẹ́ Föhn lè mú kí ooru tó gbóná tó 14 °C (25 °F)<ref name="NOAA-SD">{{Cite web|archivedate=December 19, 2014}}</ref> láàárín ìṣẹ́jú díẹ̀. Àárín Gbùngbùn Yúróòpù gbádùn ojú ọjọ́ tó gbóná nítorí Föhn, bí afẹ́fẹ́ tó rọ̀ láti Òkun Mẹditaréníà ṣe ń fẹ́ lórí àwọn òkè ńláńlá. == Wo tun == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  Iṣẹ́ Àgbékalẹ̀ Al Baydha Ìrànlọ́wọ́ àtúnṣe àdánidá Ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ojúọjọ́ Ìparun igbó àti ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ Ìtọ́jú ewéko aṣálẹ̀ Ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ayíká Ìtúpalẹ̀ ìgbó Ìtúnṣe igbó Ògiri ewéko ńlá, ìṣètò igbó ní Sahel ti Áfíríkà Ìgbà ìtọ́jú ewéko ńlá Àtúnṣe ọrinrin Ìṣàtúnṣe òjò Ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ atúnṣeErékùṣù ooru ìlú Ètò Igbó Ààbò Àríwá Mẹ́ta, tí a tún mọ̀ sí "Ògiri Ńlá Àwọ̀ Ewéko" ti China Ìgbà ìtọ́jú òjò ayíká Ìtọ́jú igbó ayíkáÌyípo omi Àtúnṣe ojúọjọ == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} l6bje46tlr392ef64f4s5een2bu0i7o Apejọ Kariaye Asilomar lori Awọn Imọ-ẹrọ Idalọwọsi Ayika 0 80491 632100 623147 2026-08-19T17:51:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632100 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> '''Apejọ Kariaye Asilomar lori Awọn Imọ-ẹrọ Idalọwọsi Ayika''' ni apejọ ti Margaret Leinen ti Ajo Idahun Oju-ọjọ ṣe agbekalẹ rẹ, Michael MacCracken ti Ile-ẹkọ Ayika si ṣe alaga rẹ. Apejọ naa waye ni Oṣu Kẹta ọdun 2010 ati awọn iṣeduro ni a tẹjade ni Oṣu kọkanla ọdun 2010. Ero naa ni lati ṣe idanimọ ati dinku awọn ewu ti o wa pẹlu imọ-ẹrọ oju-ọjọ (geoengineering, tabi intervention afefe), ati pe o da lori Apejọ Asilomar ti ọdun 1975 lori Atunṣe DNA eyiti o jiroro awọn eewu bio ati ilana ti imọ-ẹrọ bio. Ẹgbẹ kan ti o ju àádọ́jọ awọn onimọ-jinlẹ ati awọn onimọ-ẹrọ pejọ pọ pẹlu awọn agbẹjọro, awọn onimọ-jinlẹ ayika ati awọn oṣiṣẹ iranlọwọ ajalu ni ipade gbangba lati yago fun awọn ẹsun ti dìtẹ̀ lakoko ijiroro yii. Apejọ Asilomar ṣe idojukọ ni iyasọtọ lori idagbasoke awọn itọsọna idinku eewu fun awọn adanwo idasi oju-ọjọ. == Àwọn góńgó ìpàdé náà == * Ṣe idanimọ awọn ewu ti o ṣeeṣe ti o ni nkan ṣe pẹlu awọn idanwo ilowosi oju-ọjọ * Ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ètò kan láti ṣe àyẹ̀wò ìṣètò ìdánwò fún àwọn ewu ìṣọ̀kan tó lè wáyé kí o sì dámọ̀ràn àwọn ìlànà láti rí i dájú pé wọ́n ní ààbò láti hùwà wọn * Ṣe agbekalẹ awọn iṣedede atinuwa fun iwadii idasi oju-ọjọ fun agbegbe imọ-jinlẹ kariaye == Àwọn Ìdámọ̀ràn == * Ìdí pàtàkì fún ṣíṣe ìwádìí nípa ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ojúọjọ́ ni láti mú àlàáfíà àwùjọ àti àyíká pọ̀ sí i; * A gbero ati ṣe eto iwadii imọ-ẹrọ oju-ọjọ ni kariaye; * Abojuto ijọba ti o yẹ, ikopa gbogbogbo, ati ṣiṣe ipinnu waye lakoko igbero ati ṣiṣe awọn iṣẹ ti a gbero; * Ìfihàn àti pàṣípààrọ̀ àwọn ètò ìwádìí, dátà, àti àwọn àwárí dín àìní fún àwọn àdánwò tí ó lè ba àyíká jẹ́ kù, kí ó sì mú kí ẹ̀kọ́ láti inú àwọn àdánwò tí a ṣe pọ̀ sí i; àti * A ṣe àyẹ̀wò déédéé àti ìṣàyẹ̀wò òmìnira nípa bí òye àti àìdánilójú ṣe tó láti fún gbogbo ènìyàn àti àwọn olùṣètò òfin ní ìwífún àti ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé tó dára jùlọ == Egbe oludari == * Michael C. MacCracken (alága), [http://climate.org/michael-maccracken Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Afẹ́fẹ́] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701173838/https://climate.org/michael-maccracken/ |date=2023-07-01 }}, USA * Scott Barren, [[Yunifásítì Kòlúmbíà|Yunifásítì Columbia]], USA * Roger Barry, Ile-iṣẹ Data Agbaye fun Glaciology ati Yunifasiti ti Colorado, AMẸRIKA * [[Paul J. Crutzen|Paul Crutzen]] (ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ tó bá a mu), Max Planck Institute, Germany, àti Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA * Steven Hamburg, Olórí Onímọ̀ Sáyẹ́ǹsì, Àjọ Ìdáàbòbò Àyíká, USA * Richard Lampitt, Ile-iṣẹ Aworan Okun Orilẹ-ede ati Yunifasiti ti Southampton, UK * Diana Liverman, Yunifásítì Arizona, Amẹ́ríkà, àti [[Yunifásítì ìlú Oxford|Yunifásítì Oxford]], UK * Thomas Lovejoy, H. John Heinz III Ile-iṣẹ fun Imọ-jinlẹ, Eto-ọrọ-aje ati Ayika, USA * Gordon McBean, Yunifásítì ti Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Ontario, Kánádà * John Shepherd, Ile-iṣẹ Aworan Okun Orilẹ-ede, Yunifasiti ti Southampton, ati Ile-iṣẹ Tyndall fun Iwadi Iyipada Oju-ọjọ, UK * Stephen Seidel, Ile-iṣẹ Pew lori Iyipada Oju-ọjọ Agbaye, USA * Richard Somerville, Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Scripps ti Ìwádìí Òkun, Yunifásítì California, San Diego, USA * Tom ML Wigley, Yunifásítì Adelaide, Australia == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Kíkà síwájú síi == * {{Cite journal|last1=Kintisch|first1=E.|title='Asilomar 2' Takes Small Steps Toward Rules for Geoengineering|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2010-04-02_328_5974/page/22|doi=10.1126/science.328.5974.22|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=328|issue=5974|pages=22–23|year=2010|pmid=20360071}} * {{Cite news|last1=Madrigal|first1=Alexis|title=Climate Hackers Want to Write Their Own Rules|journal=Wired}} *   == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121016101517/http://climateresponsefund.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=137&Itemid=81 Apejọ Kariaye Asilomar lori Awọn Imọ-ẹrọ Idalọwọsi Ayika, 2010], Owo Idahun Ayika * [http://climateresponsefund.org/images/Conference/finalfinalreport.pdf Àwọn Ìdámọ̀ràn Àpérò Asilomar lórí Àwọn Ìlànà fún Ìwádìí sí Àwọn Ọ̀nà Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Afẹ́fẹ́. Ìròyìn Àpérò] s6xyf7hz1od3eoxgyeabzy5tcomezj6 Gáàsì Ilé-Gíláàsì 0 80588 632108 627632 2026-08-19T18:01:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632108 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse-effect-t2.svg|thumb|Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń di díẹ̀ lára ooru tí ó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn bá mú ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná. Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì pàtàkì mẹ́ta ni a fi ààmì hàn nínú àwòrán yìí: carbon dioxide (CO₂), ìrì omi (water vapour), àti methane (CH₄).]] [[Fáìlì:Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg|thumb|Àwọn ohun tó ń darí ìgbóná ayé (global warming) tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di báyìí láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ìlànà àdánidá àti ti ara (physical drivers). Àǹfààní ìgbóná ayé tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀ lọ́jọ́ iwájú láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ohun tó pẹ́ pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àwòrán yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn bààrà ń fi àgbègbè àṣìṣe tí ó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]] Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì (Greenhouse Gases, GHGs) jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ń di ooru mú, tí wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ ojú àwọn ara ọ̀run bíi Ilẹ̀ Ayé ga sí i. Kò dàbí àwọn gáàsì mìíràn, àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń gba àwọn ìtọ́jú (radiation) tí pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan ń tú jáde, èyí tí ó sì ń yọrí sí ipa ilé-gíláàsì.<ref name="AR6WG1annexVII">{{cite book |last1=Matthews |first1=J.B.R. |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf |title=Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |last2=Möller |first2=V. |last3=van Diemenn |first3=R. |last4=Fuglesvedt |first4=J.R. |date=2021-08-09 |publisher=[[IPCC]] / [[Cambridge University Press]] |editor-last1=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first1=Valérie |editor-link1=Valérie Masson-Delmotte |pages=2215–2256 |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 |display-authors=etal |editor-last2=Zhai |editor-first2=Panmao |editor-link2=Panmao Zhai |editor-last3=Pirani |editor-first3=Anna |editor-last4=Connors |editor-first4=Sarah L. |editor-last5=Péan |editor-first5=Clotilde |display-editors=etal |doi-access=free}}</ref> Oòrùn ń mú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ojú Ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ tú ooru jáde. Ọ̀pọ̀ jùlọ nínú ooru yìí ni àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń gba. Bí kò bá sí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́, ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ àpapọ̀ ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò jẹ́ nǹkan bí −18 °C (0 °F),<ref name="NASACO2" /> dípò ìwọ̀n àpapọ̀ tó jẹ́ 15 °C (59 °F) tí a ní lónìí.<ref name="Trenberth2003" /><ref name="Le Treut-2007">Le Treut, H., R. Somerville, U. Cubasch, Y. Ding, C. Mauritzen, A. Mokssit, T. Peterson and M. Prather, 2007: "[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change]". In: "[https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/ Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]". [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ láti ìgbà tí a ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe ìwọ̀n rẹ̀, tí ó sì dé 0.27 ± 0.1 °C ní gbogbo ọdún mẹ́wàá láàárín ọdún 2015 sí 2024. Ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tó ga yìí jẹ́ àbájáde àkópọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tó ti dé ìpele gíga jù lọ rí, tó jẹ́ 53.6 ± 5.2 Gt CO₂e lọ́dọọdún ní àárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó kọjá (2014–2023), pẹ̀lú ìdínkù nínú agbára ìtútù tí aerosol ń pèsè.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Forster |first1=Piers |title=Indicators of Global Climate Change 2024: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence |journal=Journal Earth System Science Data |date=2025 |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=2641–2680 |doi=10.5194/essd-17-2641-2025 |bibcode=2025ESSD...17.2641F |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/2641/2025/}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì márùn-ún tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí a ṣe àtòkọ wọn láti èyí tí ó pọ̀ jù lọ sí èyí tí ó kéré sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n molikula àpapọ̀ wọn ní gbogbo ayé, ni:<ref>{{cite web |date=2016-08-01 |title=Atmospheric Concentration of Greenhouse Gases |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-08/documents/print_ghg-concentrations-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019134514/https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-08/documents/print_ghg-concentrations-2016.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=6 September 2021 |publisher=[[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |title=Inside the Earth's invisible blanket. |url=http://sequestration.org/science/greenhousegases.html |website=sequestration.org |publisher=<!--Not stated--> |quote= |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231450/http://sequestration.org/science/greenhousegases.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ìrì omi (water vapour), carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), àti ozone (O₃). Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì mìíràn tí ó tún ṣe pàtàkì ni chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs àti HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), àti nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃). Ìrì omi ń fa nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ipa ilé-gíláàsì. Ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedback), ìyẹn ni pé ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ máa ń yí padà ní ìdáhùn sí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì mìíràn.<ref name="Schmidt-2010">{{cite web |author=Gavin Schmidt |date=2010-10-01 |title=Taking the Measure of the Greenhouse Effect |url=https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/2010_schmidt_05/ |publisher=NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies – Science Briefs}}</ref> Àwọn iṣẹ́ ènìyàn láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ìyípadà Ilé-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution) ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1750 ti mú kí iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) pọ̀ sí i ní ju ìdá 50% lọ,<ref name="NOAA2022">{{cite web |date=3 June 2022 |title=Carbon dioxide now more than 50% higher than pre-industrial levels |url=https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/carbon-dioxide-now-more-than-50-higher-than-pre-industrial-levels |access-date=30 August 2022 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |language=en}}</ref> àti pé ìwọ̀n methane ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìdá 150%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |quote=The concentration of methane in the atmosphere is currently over two-and-a-half times greater than its pre-industrial levels}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide ni ó ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìgbóná ayé, nígbà tí ìtújáde methane sì ń fa ọ̀pọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìyókù rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data |date=12 January 2016 |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data|}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìtújáde carbon dioxide tí ènìyàn ń fa wá láti inú sísun epo fósílì (fossil fuels),<ref name="EPA_GHGdata">{{cite web |date=12 January 2016 |title=Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205123907/https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data |archive-date=5 December 2019 |access-date=30 December 2019 |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] |quote=The burning of coal, natural gas, and oil for electricity and heat is the largest single source of global greenhouse gas emissions.}}</ref> nígbà tí iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ilé-iṣẹ́ tún ń kópa díẹ̀ sí i.<ref name="Canadell-2021">Canadell, J.G., P.M.S. Monteiro, M.H. Costa, L. Cotrim da Cunha, P.M. Cox, A.V. Eliseev, S. Henson, M. Ishii, S. Jaccard, C. Koven, A. Lohila, P.K. Patra, S. Piao, J. Rogelj, S. Syampungani, S. Zaehle, and K. Zickfeld, 2021: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter05.pdf Chapter 5: Global Carbon and other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 673–816, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.007.</ref>{{rp|687}}  Ìtújáde methane sì ń wá láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìmújáde epo fósílì, egbin, àti àwọn orísun mìíràn.<ref name="International Energy Agency-2023">{{cite web |title=Global Methane Tracker 2023 |date=21 February 2023 |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023 |publisher=International Energy Agency}}</ref> Ó máa ń gba ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún kí àyíká lè gba gbogbo carbon dioxide (CO₂) padà kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ nípasẹ̀ ìlànà carbon cycle,<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change Indicators: Greenhouse Gases |date=16 December 2015 |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/greenhouse-gases |quote=Carbon dioxide's lifetime cannot be represented with a single value because the gas is not destroyed over time, but instead moves among different parts of the ocean–atmosphere–land system. Some of the excess carbon dioxide is absorbed quickly (for example, by the ocean surface), but some will remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years, due in part to the very slow process by which carbon is transferred to ocean sediments.}}</ref> ṣùgbọ́n methane máa ń wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín ọdún méjìlá (12 years) péré.<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣàn carbon àdánidá máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín afẹ́fẹ́, àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lórí ilẹ̀, òkun, àti àwọn àkójọpọ̀ ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀ (sediments). Àwọn ìṣàn wọ̀nyí ti wà ní ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì tó dára fún nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù ọdún kan sẹ́yìn,<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change Indicators: Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-atmospheric-concentrations-greenhouse-gases |website=EPA.gov |date=27 June 2016 |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ti yí padà gidigidi ní àwọn àkókò tó jìn sí i nínú ìtàn ayé. Ní báyìí, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) ga ju bí ó ti rí lọ ní ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |title=Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624204311/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide |archive-date=24 June 2013 |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=climate.gov}}</ref> Ìmúdójúìwọ̀n ọdún 2023 lórí àwọn àmì pàtàkì fi hàn pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́, àti àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Earth's energy imbalance) ti dé àwọn ìpele gíga tuntun.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Forster |first1=Piers M. |last2=Smith |first2=Chris |last3=Walsh |first3=Tristram |last4=Lamb |first4=William F. |last5=Lamboll |first5=Robin |last6=Hall |first6=Bradley |last7=Hauser |first7=Mathias |last8=Ribes |first8=Aurélien |last9=Rosen |first9=Debbie |last10=Gillett |first10=Nathan P. |last11=Palmer |first11=Matthew D. |last12=Rogelj |first12=Joeri |last13=von Schuckmann |first13=Karina |last14=Trewin |first14=Blair |last15=Allen |first15=Myles |date=2024-06-05 |title=Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/2625/2024/ |journal=Earth System Science Data |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=2625–2658 |doi=10.5194/essd-16-2625-2024 |bibcode=2024ESSD...16.2625F |doi-access=free |issn=1866-3516}}</ref> Tí ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ bá tẹ̀síwájú, ìgbóná ayé yóò kọjá 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) láàárín ọdún 2040 sí 2070. Èyí jẹ́ ìpele kan tí Ìgbìmọ̀ Àgbáyé Lórí Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) sọ pé ó jẹ́ “ewú tó lágbára” (dangerous).<ref name="Carbon Brief-2020">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-04|title=Analysis: When might the world exceed 1.5C and 2C of global warming?|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-when-might-the-world-exceed-1-5c-and-2c-of-global-warming|access-date=2021-06-17|website=Carbon Brief|language=en|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606135004/https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-when-might-the-world-exceed-1-5c-and-2c-of-global-warming|url-status=live}}</ref> == Àwọn Àbùdá àti Àwọn Ọ̀nà Ìṣiṣẹ́ == [[Fáìlì:Atmospheric Transmission.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Atmospheric absorption and scattering at different wavelengths of electromagnetic waves. The largest absorption band of carbon dioxide is not far from the maximum in the thermal emission from ground, and it partly closes the window of transparency of water—explaining carbon dioxide's major heat-trapping effect.]] Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi (infrared radiation), ìyẹn ni pé wọ́n máa ń gba a wọlé, wọ́n sì tún máa ń tú ú jáde ní àgbègbè ìgbi gígùn kan náà tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìkùukùu, àti afẹ́fẹ́ Ayé ń tú ìtọ́jú rẹ̀ jáde.<ref name="AR6_WGI_AnnexVII">IPCC, 2021: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf Annex VII: Glossary] [Matthews, J.B.R., V. Möller, R. van Diemen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, V. Masson-Delmotte, C.  Méndez, S. Semenov, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2215–2256, [[doi:10.1017/9781009157896.022]].</ref>{{rp|2233}} Nǹkan bí ìdá 99% afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ Ilẹ̀ Ayé (láìka ìrì omi sí) ni nitrogen (N₂) (78%) àti oxygen (O₂) (21%) ṣe. Nítorí pé molikula wọn ní àwọn atomu méjì ti èròjà kan náà, kò sí àìdọ́gba nínú bí agbára iná inú wọn (electrical charges) ṣe pín ká,<ref name="Archer2011Ch4" /> nítorí náà ìtọ́jú ìgbóná infurarẹẹdi (infrared thermal radiation) kò ní ipa kankan lórí wọn fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ rárá.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Peng-Sheng |last2=Hsieh |first2=Yin-Chih |last3=Chiu |first3=Hsuan-Han |last4=Yen |first4=Da-Lun |last5=Lee |first5=Chieh |last6=Tsai |first6=Yi-Cheng |last7=Ting |first7=Te-Chuan |date=6 October 2018 |title=Absorption coefficient of carbon dioxide across atmospheric troposphere layer |journal=[[Heliyon]] |volume=4 |issue=10 |article-number=e00785 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00785 |doi-access=free |pmid=30302408 |pmc=6174548 |bibcode=2018Heliy...400785W |issn = 2405-8440 }}</ref> Ìmúra kékeré gan-an péré ló ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ohun tí a mọ̀ sí collision-induced absorption.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Höpfner |first1=M. |last2=Milz |first2=M. |last3=Buehler |first3=S. |last4=Orphall |first4=J. |last5=Stiller |first5=G. |date=24 May 2012 |title=The natural greenhouse effect of atmospheric oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=39 |issue=L10706 |article-number=2012GL051409 |doi=10.1029/2012GL051409 |bibcode=2012GeoRL..3910706H |s2cid=128823108 |issn=1944-8007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Which Gases Are Greenhouse Gases? |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/greenhousegases/whichgases.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |publisher=American Chemical Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Höpfner |first1=M. |last2=Milz |first2=M. |last3=Buehler |first3=S. |last4=Orphall |first4=J. |last5=Stiller |first5=G. |date=24 May 2012 |title=The natural greenhouse effect of atmospheric oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=39 |issue=L10706 |article-number=2012GL051409 |doi=10.1029/2012GL051409 |bibcode=2012GeoRL..3910706H |issn=1944-8007 |s2cid=128823108}}</ref> Nǹkan bí ìdá 0.9% míì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ náà jẹ́ argon (Ar), èyí tí ó jẹ́ molikula atomu kan ṣoṣo (monatomic), nítorí náà ó jẹ́ mímọ́ pátápátá fún ìtọ́jú ìgbóná. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, carbon dioxide (0.04%), methane, nitrous oxide àti àwọn gáàsì míì tí iye wọn kéré gan-an jọ ṣe kere ju ìdá 0.1% afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé lọ. Ṣùgbọ́n nítorí pé molikula wọn ní àwọn atomu ti àwọn èròjà oríṣìíríṣìí, àìdọ́gba kan wà nínú bí agbára iná wọn ṣe pín ká. Àìdọ́gba yìí ń jẹ́ kí ìrìnkèrindò molikula (molecular vibrations) lè bá àwọn ìgbì amúnáwòrán (electromagnetic radiation) ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Èyí ló mú kí wọ́n lè gba ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi, ìyẹn ni pé wọ́n jẹ́ infrared active, àti pé wíwà wọn nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa ipa ilé-gíláàsì.<ref name="Archer2011Ch4">{{cite book |last1=Archer |first1=David |url=http://forecast.uchicago.edu/chapter4.pdf |title=Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast, Chapter 4: Greenhouse Gases |date=2011 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-94341-0 |edition=2 |access-date=14 June 2023}}</ref> === Ipá Mú-Ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì Ìtọ́jú Yí Padà (Radiative Forcing) === [[Fáìlì:1750- Radiative forcing - greenhouse gases and aerosols.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Hansen àti àwọn alábàáṣiṣẹ́ rẹ̀ (2025) kọ̀wé pé IPCC ti dín ìwọ̀n ipa ìtútù tí aerosols ń ní kù nínú àwọn ìṣírò rẹ̀, èyí tí ó sì mú kí wọ́n tún dín ìwọ̀n climate sensitivity (bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń fèsì sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì) kù.<ref name=Envt_Hanson_20250203/> Nínú ohun tí Hansen pè ní “àdéhùn Faustian” (Faustian bargain), ìṣàkóso àti ìdínkù aerosols mú kí ààyè afẹ́fẹ́ mọ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n ipa ìtútù tí aerosols ń pèsè kò tún tó láti dín ipa ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì kù. Èyí ló ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìgbóná ayé fi ga ju bí a ṣe retí lọ ní ọdún 2023 sí 2024.<ref name=Envt_Hanson_20250203>{{cite journal |last1=Hansen |first1=James E. |last2=Kharecha |first2=Pushker |last3=Sato |first3=Makiko |last4=Tselioudis |first4=George |last5=Kelly |first5=Joseph |last6=Bauer |first6=Susanne E. |last7=Ruedy |first7=Reto |last8=Jeong |first8=Eunbi |last9=Jin |first9=Quijian |last10=Rignot |first10=Eric |last11=Velicogna |first11=Isabella |last12=Schoeberl |first12=Mark R. |last13=von Schuckmann |first13=Karina |last14=Amponsem |first14=Joshua |last15=Cao |first15=Junji |last16=Keskinen |first16=Anton |last17=Li |first17=Jing |last18=Pokela |first18=Anni |display-authors=4 |title=Global Warming Has Accelerated: Are the United Nations and the Public Well-Informed? |journal=Environment |date=3 February 2025 |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=6–44 |doi=10.1080/00139157.2025.2434494|bibcode=2025ESPSD..67....6H |doi-access=free }} Figure 3.</ref>]] [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas absorption coefficients.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Àwọn kọ́ẹ́fíṣẹ́ntì ìmúra ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi-ìgbi-gígùn (longwave-infrared absorption coefficients) ti àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì pàtàkì. Ìrì omi (water vapour) máa ń gba ìtọ́jú lórí àgbègbè ìwọ̀n igbi tó gbòòrò. Ilẹ̀ Ayé sì máa ń tú ìtọ́jú ìgbóná (thermal radiation) jáde ní agbára púpọ̀ ní pàtàkì ní àgbègbè ìmúra carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó wà ní ìwọ̀n igbi 15 micrometre (15 µm). Ìpàtàkì ìrì omi nínú ìmúra ìtọ́jú máa ń dín kù bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí àwọn ìpele afẹ́fẹ́ tó ga sí i.]] Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń gba apá kan nínú agbára ìtọ́jú (radiant energy) tí ó ń gba láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn, ó máa ń da apá kan padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìmọ́lẹ̀, ó sì máa ń da tàbí tú ìyókù rẹ̀ padà sí òde ayé gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ ojú pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì kan dá lórí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì tó wà láàárín agbára tó ń wọlé àti agbára tó ń jáde. Nígbà tí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára Ilẹ̀ Ayé bá yí padà, ojú Ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń gbóná sí i tàbí tutù sí i, èyí tí ó sì ń yọrí sí oríṣìíríṣìí àyípadà nínú ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref name="epa ggas">{{cite web |year=2016 |title=Climate Change Indicators in the United States – Greenhouse Gases |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/greenhouse-gases |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827230238/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/greenhouse-gases |archive-date=27 August 2016 |access-date=5 September 2020 |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)}}.</ref> Radiative forcing jẹ́ ìwọ̀n kan tí a ń ṣe ní watts fún mètà onígun (W/m²), tí ó ń ṣàpèjúwe ipa tí àyípadà kan láti òde ní lórí ohun kan tó ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́. A máa ń ṣe ìṣírò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́ (top-of-atmosphere, TOA) tí àyípadà òde bẹ́ẹ̀ fa lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀. Radiative forcing rere (positive forcing), bíi èyí tí ó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì bá pọ̀ sí i, túmọ̀ sí pé agbára tó ń wọlé pọ̀ ju agbára tó ń jáde lọ ní òkè afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó sì ń fa ìgbóná àfikún. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, radiative forcing odi (negative forcing), bíi èyí tí sulfate tí sulfur dioxide dá sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa, máa ń yọrí sí ìtútù.<ref name="AR6_WGI_AnnexVII" />{{rp|2245}}<ref name="epa cforce">{{cite web |year=2016 |title=Climate Change Indicators in the United States – Climate Forcing |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-climate-forcing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827223551/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-climate-forcing |archive-date=27 August 2016 |access-date=5 September 2020 |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)}}[https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-08/documents/print_climate-forcing-2016.pdf] </ref> Nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (lower atmosphere), àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń pàṣípààrọ̀ ìtọ́jú ìgbóná (thermal radiation) pẹ̀lú ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń dín ìṣàn ooru tí ń lọ kúrò lórí ojú Ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìtọ́jú kù. Èyí ń dín ìwọ̀n àpapọ̀ ìgbéga ooru nípasẹ̀ ìtọ́jú (upward radiative heat transfer) kù.<ref name="Wallace2006">{{cite book |last1=Wallace |first1=J. M. |last2=Hobbs |first2=P. V. |title=Atmospheric Science |date=2006 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-732951-2 |edition=2}}</ref>{{rp|139}}<ref name="Manabe1964">{{cite journal |last1=Manabe |first1=S. |last2=Strickler |first2=R. F. |title=Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Convective Adjustment |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-the-atmospheric-sciences_1964-07_21_4/page/361 |journal=J. Atmos. Sci. |date=1964 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=361–385 |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021<0361:TEOTAW>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1964JAtS...21..361M |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tún ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (upper atmosphere) tutù sí i. Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé afẹ́fẹ́ òkè rọrùn gan-an ju afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ lọ, àti pé ooru tí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì bá tún tú jáde níbẹ̀ máa ń ní àǹfààní púpọ̀ sí i láti tẹ̀síwájú lọ sí òde ayé ju láti bá àwọn molikula gáàsì díẹ̀ tí ó wà ní afẹ́fẹ́ òkè ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ lọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè náà ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n rẹ̀.<ref name="PierrehumbertTextbook">{{cite book |last1=Pierrehumbert |first1=Raymond T. |title=Principles of Planetary Climate |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86556-2}}</ref>{{rp|413}} == Àfikún Gáàsì Kọọkan sí Ipa Ilé-Gíláàsì == Àwọn ìyípadà tí ènìyàn ń fa sí ipa ilé-gíláàsì àdánidá ni a máa ń pè ní ipa ilé-gíláàsì tí a ti mú pọ̀ sí i (enhanced greenhouse effect).<ref name="AR6_WGI_AnnexVII" />{{rp|2223}} Àtòjọ yìí fi hàn àwọn ìpín pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ipa ilé-gíláàsì lapapọ̀, láìsí èyí tí ìwọ̀n ìtẹ́ àpapọ̀ ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò jẹ́ nǹkan bí −18 °C (0 °F),<ref name="NASACO2">{{Cite web |title= Science Briefs: Greenhouse Gases: Refining the Role of Carbon Dioxide |url=http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/ma_01/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050112211604/http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/ma_01/ |archive-date=2005-01-12 |access-date=2016-04-26 |website=NASA GISS |author1=Qiancheng Ma |date=March 1998 }}</ref> dípò nǹkan bí 15 °C (59 °F) tí a ní lónìí.<ref name="Trenberth2003">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karl TR, Trenberth KE |year=2003 |title=Modern global climate change |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1230878 |via=Zenodo |s2cid-access=free |url-status=live |journal=Science |volume=302 |issue=5651 |pages=1719–23 |bibcode=2003Sci...302.1719K |doi=10.1126/science.1090228 |pmid=14657489 |s2cid=45484084 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422194919/https://zenodo.org/record/1230878 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> Àtòjọ náà tún mẹ́nuba ozone tó wà nínú troposphere, nítorí pé gáàsì yìí ní ipa ìtútù nínú stratosphere, ṣùgbọ́n ó ní ipa ìgbóná nínú troposphere tí ó jọ ti nitrous oxide àti CFCs.<ref>{{cite web |date=2016-08-01 |title=Atmospheric Concentration of Greenhouse Gases |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-08/documents/print_ghg-concentrations-2016.pdf |publisher=[[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" id-"GHG-ranking" |+ Ìpín Ìdásílẹ̀ Gáàsì Ilé-Gíláàsì Lapapọ̀ (% Contribution to Total Greenhouse Effect) ! !! colspan="2" | K&T (1997)<ref name="kiehl197">{{cite journal |last=Kiehl |first=J.T. |author2=Kevin E. Trenberth |year=1997 |title=Earth's annual global mean energy budget |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=197–208 |bibcode=1997BAMS...78..197K |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0197:EAGMEB>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free |url=http://www.geo.utexas.edu/courses/387h/PAPERS/kiehl.pdf |access-date=2026-06-23 |archivedate=2024-09-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918103545/http://www.geo.utexas.edu/courses/387H/PAPERS/kiehl.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> !! colspan="2" | Schmidt (2010)<ref name="Schmidt2010paper">{{citation |author1=Schmidt, G.A. |title=The attribution of the present-day total greenhouse effect |url=http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2010/2010_Schmidt_etal_1.pdf |work=J. Geophys. Res. |volume=115 |issue=D20 |pages=D20106 |year=2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022111918/http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2010/2010_Schmidt_etal_1.pdf |bibcode=2010JGRD..11520106S |doi=10.1029/2010JD014287 |archive-date=22 October 2011 |author2=R. Ruedy |author3=R.L. Miller |author4=A.A. Lacis |article-number=2010JD014287 |author-link1=Gavin Schmidt |doi-access=free}}, D20106. [http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/sc05400j.html Web page ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604034848/http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/sc05400j.html|date=4 June 2012}}</ref> |- ! Olùkópa (Contributor) !! Ọ̀run Mímọ́ (Clear Sky) !! Pẹ̀lú Àwọsánmà (With Clouds) !! Ọ̀run Mímọ́ (Clear Sky) !! Pẹ̀lú Àwọsánmà (With Clouds) |- | Ìrì Omi (Water Vapour) || 60 || 41 || 67 || 50 |- | Àwọsánmà (Clouds) || || 31 || || 25 |- | CO<sub>2</sub>|| 26 || 18 || 24 || 19 |- | Tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) || 8 || || || |- | N<sub>2</sub>O + CH<sub>4</sub>|| 6 || || || |- | Other || || 9 || 9 || 7 |- ! colspan="5" style="font-size: 0.85em; padding: 5px 2px 5px 10px; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;" | K&T (1997) lo 353 ppm ti CO₂, wọ́n sì ṣe ìṣírò ipa ilé-gíláàsì lapapọ̀ tí ọ̀run mímọ́ (clear-sky greenhouse effect) tó jẹ́ 125 W/m². Wọ́n dá lórí àpẹẹrẹ afẹ́fẹ́ kan ṣoṣo àti àwòṣe awọsánmà kan. Àwọn ìpín “Pẹ̀lú Àwọsánmà” jẹ́ láti ìtumọ̀ Schmidt (2010) ti iṣẹ́ K&T (1997). Schmidt (2010) lo data climatology ti ọdún 1980 pẹ̀lú 339 ppm ti CO₂, ó sì ṣe ìṣírò ipa ilé-gíláàsì lapapọ̀ tí ó jẹ́ 155 W/m². Ó tún kópa ìpínkiri àkókò àti ìpínkiri mẹ́ta-ọ̀nà (3-D spatial distribution) ti àwọn ohun tí ń gba ìtọ́jú (absorbers) sínú àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀.<br /> |} === Ipa Pàtàkì Ìrì Omi (Special Role of Water Vapour) === [[Fáìlì:CO2 H2O absorption atmospheric gases unique pattern energy wavelengths of energy transparent to others.png|thumb|Àwọn gáàsì afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń gba díẹ̀ nínú ìgbi agbára (energy wavelengths) kan ṣoṣo, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún máa ń jẹ́ mímọ́ fún àwọn ìgbi míì. Àpẹẹrẹ ìmúra ìtọ́jú (absorption patterns) ti ìrì omi (water vapour) (àwọn gíga buluu) àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) (àwọn gíga pupa) máa ń bọ́ lórí ara wọn ní àwọn ìwọ̀n igbi kan.<ref name="NASA climate forcings">{{cite web |date=January 14, 2009 |title=NASA: Climate Forcings and Global Warming |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/page7.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418152758/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page7.php |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2014}}</ref>]] Ìrì omi (water vapour) ni gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ lapapọ̀, nítorí pé ó ń kópa nínú nǹkan bí ìdá 41–67% nínú ipa ilé-gíláàsì.<ref name="kiehl197" /><ref name="Schmidt2010paper" /> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ nínú ayé kì í jẹ́ ohun tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ṣàkóso taara. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn bíi ìrìgá (irrigation) lè ní ipa lórí ìrì omi ní agbègbè kan, ipa yìí kéré gan-an lórí ìwọ̀n àgbáyé nítorí pé ìrì omi kì í pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ — ìgbà ààyè rẹ̀ jẹ́ nǹkan bí ọjọ́ mẹ́sàn-án péré.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 April 1995 |title=AGU Water Vapor in the Climate System |url=http://www.eso.org/gen-fac/pubs/astclim/espas/pwv/mockler.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020163357/http://www.eso.org/gen-fac/pubs/astclim/espas/pwv/mockler.html |archive-date=20 October 2012 |access-date=2011-09-11 |publisher=Eso.org}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nípa àìtaara, bí ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, yóò mú kí ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí yóò sì tún mú ìgbóná náà lágbára sí i. Ìlànà yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà ìrì omi (water vapour feedback). Èyí ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìlànà Clausius–Clapeyron, tó sọ pé bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń gòkè, ìpọ̀ ìrì omi tí afẹ́fẹ́ lè dì pọ̀ sí i nínú ìwọn kọọkan tún máa ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="Held&Soden2000">{{Cite journal |last1=Held |first1=Isaac M. |last2=Soden |first2=Brian J. |date=November 2000 |title=Water vapor feedback and global warming |journal=[[Annual Review of Energy and the Environment]] |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=441–475 |citeseerx=10.1.1.22.9397 |doi=10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.441 |issn=1056-3466 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Nítorí náà, ìwọ̀n ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ lè yàtọ̀ gidigidi: ó lè jẹ́ kéré ju 0.01% lọ ní àwọn agbègbè tó tutù gan-an, sí i tó 3% nípa ìpọ̀ ní afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ti kún fún omi ní ìwọ̀n 32 °C.<ref>{{cite book |author=Evans, Kimberly Masters |url=https://archive.org/details/environment00kimm_0 |title=The environment: a revolution in attitudes |publisher=Thomson Gale |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7876-9082-3 |location=Detroit |chapter=The greenhouse effect and climate change |chapter-url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=DdtzAAAACAAJ}} |url-access=registration}}</ref> === Agbára Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wọ́pọ̀ (Global Warming Potential, GWP) àti CO₂ Equivalents === [[Fáìlì:Perfluorotributylamine-global-warming-potential.jpg|thumb|Àfiwé agbára ìgbóná ayé (GWP-100) ti àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì mẹ́ta lórí àkókò ọdún 100 fún ton kọọkan: Perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), nitrous oxide, àti methane, ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂, èyí tí a fi ṣe ìpele ìfíwéra, nítorí náà GWP rẹ̀ jẹ́ 1). PFTBA ni a lo nínú àpẹẹrẹ yìí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣojú ẹgbẹ́ ńlá kan ti àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì fluorinated tí ó lágbára gan-an. Àpapọ̀ àwọn hydrocarbon fluorinated kópa nínú nǹkan bí ìdá 10% ti ìgbóná ayé.]] Ìwọn Agbára Ìgbóná Ayé Gbogbogbò (GWP) jẹ́ ìwọn bí gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì kan ṣe ń di ooru mú nínú afẹ́fẹ́ lórí àkókò kan pàtó, ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#cite_note-Global_warming_potential_:2-40</ref>  Ó jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tí kò ní ẹ̀ka (dimensionless) tí a ń fi hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlọ́po ìgbóná tí ìwọ̀n kan náà ti CO₂ yóò fa. Nítorí náà, ní ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀, CO₂ ní GWP tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú 1. Fún àwọn gáàsì mìíràn, ó dá lórí bí gáàsì náà ṣe lágbára tó láti gba ìtọ́jú ìgbóná (thermal radiation), bí ó ṣe yara tó láti kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, àti àkókò tí a fi ń ṣe àyẹ̀wò náà. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, methane ní Ìwọn Agbára Ìgbóná Ayé lórí ọdún 20 (GWP-20) tó jẹ́ 81.2,<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#cite_note-Global_warming_potential_:0-41</ref> èyí tó túmọ̀ sí pé jíjò ton kan ti methane dọ́gba pẹ̀lú ìtújáde ton 81.2 ti carbon dioxide, bí a bá fi àkókò ọdún 20 ṣe ìwọ̀n wọn. Níwọ̀n bí methane ṣe ní àkókò ìgbé ayé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tó kúkúrú ju carbon dioxide lọ, GWP rẹ̀ máa ń dín kù lórí àwọn àkókò tó gùn sí i, pẹ̀lú GWP-100 tó jẹ́ 27.9 àti GWP-500 tó jẹ́ 7.95.<ref name=":0" /> Ìtújáde gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì (GHG emissions) lè jẹ́ fífi hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide equivalent mass tàbí carbon dioxide equivalent nìkan (tí a ń fi àmì CO₂e tàbí CO₂eq hàn, tí a tún lè kọ sí CO₂-e tàbí CO₂-eq). A lè ṣe ìṣírò rẹ̀ láti inú GWP àti ìwọ̀n gáàsì tí a tú jáde. Fún gáàsì kankan, ó jẹ́ ìwọ̀n CO₂ tí yóò mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná tó bẹ́ẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n gáàsì náà. Nítorí náà, ó pèsè ìwọ̀n kan ṣoṣo fún fífi wọn ipa ojú-ọjọ́ ti àwọn gáàsì oríṣìíríṣìí. A máa ń ṣe ìṣírò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí GWP tí a fi ìwọ̀n gáàsì kejì náà sọ́pọ̀; a sì máa ń fi hàn ní gigatonnes (àmì: Gt). == Àtòjọ gbogbo àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì == [[Fáìlì:1979- Radiative forcing - climate change - global warming - EPA NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Ipa radiative forcing (ipa ìgbóná) ti àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tó pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá, ó sì ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì nínú ọdún mẹ́rìnlélógójì (40 years).<ref name=NOAA_AGGI_2024>{{cite web |title=The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) |url=https://gml.noaa.gov/aggi/aggi.html |website=NOAA.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116020004/https://gml.noaa.gov/aggi/aggi.html |archive-date=16 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Greenhouse Gas Index |url=https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators/annual-greenhouse-gas-index |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421143115/https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators/annual-greenhouse-gas-index |archive-date=21 April 2021 |access-date=5 September 2020 |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program}}</ref>]] Ìpín tí gáàsì kọ̀ọ̀kan ń kó sí ipa ilé-gíláàsì tí a ti mú pọ̀ sí i (enhanced greenhouse effect) dá lórí àwọn àbùdá gáàsì náà, iye rẹ̀, àti àwọn ipa àìtaara tí ó lè fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa radiative forcing tààrà ti ìwọ̀n kan ti methane jẹ́ nǹkan bí ìlọ́po 84 lágbára ju ìwọ̀n kan náà ti carbon dioxide lọ lórí àkókò ọdún 20.<ref name="TableOfWarmingPotentials5">{{cite book |title=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report |page=731 |chapter=Appendix 8.A |access-date=6 November 2017 |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013100414/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1980s, a tún ti ń ṣe ìṣírò àwọn ìpín greenhouse gas forcing (ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750) pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú gíga, ní lílo àwọn àfihàn tí IPCC dámọ̀ràn tí a ti mú jáde láti inú àwọn àwòṣe radiative transfer.<ref name="butmon2">{{Cite web |author=Butler J. and Montzka S. |year=2020 |title=The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/aggi.html |publisher=[[NOAA]] Global Monitoring Laboratory/Earth System Research Laboratories}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ni a sábà máa ń wọn ní parts per million (ppm) tàbí parts per billion (ppb) ní ìwọ̀n àgbègbè (by volume). Ìwọ̀n CO₂ tó jẹ́ 420 ppm túmọ̀ sí pé nínú gbogbo mílíọ̀nù kan (1,000,000) molikula afẹ́fẹ́, 420 nínú wọn ni molikula CO₂. Ìlọsíwájú àkọ́kọ́ ti 30 ppm nínú ìwọ̀n CO₂ gba nǹkan bí ọdún 200 láti ṣẹlẹ̀, láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ìyípadà Ilé-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution) títí di ọdún 1958. Ṣùgbọ́n ìlọsíwájú tó tẹ̀lé e, tó jẹ́ 90 ppm, ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 56 péré, láti ọdún 1958 sí 2014.<ref name="NOAA2022" /><ref name="Kibert2016">{{cite book |author=Charles J. Kibert |title=Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery |publisher=Wiley |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-119-05532-7 |chapter=Background |chapter-url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=qv3iCwAAQBAJ|page=698}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2005 |title=Full Mauna Loa CO<sub>2</sub> record |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/full.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428033710/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/full.html |archive-date=28 April 2017 |access-date=6 May 2017 |publisher=Earth System Research Laboratories}}</ref> Bákan náà, àpapọ̀ ìlọsíwájú ọdún kọ̀ọ̀kan ní àwọn ọdún 1960s jẹ́ 37% péré ti ohun tí ó jẹ́ láàárín ọdún 2000 sí 2007.<ref>{{Cite FTP |last=Tans |first=Pieter |date=3 May 2008 |server=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratories, Global Monitoring Division |title=Annual CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction increase (ppm) for 1959–2007 |url=ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccg/co2/trends/co2_gr_mlo.txt }} {{cite web |title=additional details |url=http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225142754/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=15 May 2008}}; see also {{cite journal |last1=Masarie |first1=K.A. |last2=Tans |first2=P.P. |year=1995 |title=Extension and integration of atmospheric carbon dioxide data into a globally consistent measurement record |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1231364 |url-status=live |journal=J. Geophys. Res. |volume=100 |issue=D6 |pages=11593–610 |bibcode=1995JGR...10011593M |doi=10.1029/95JD00859 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308193900/https://zenodo.org/record/1231364 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ àkíyèsí (observations) wà lórí ẹ̀rọ ayélujára nínú oríṣìíríṣìí Àkójọpọ̀ Dátà Àkíyèsí Kemísírì Afẹ́fẹ́ (Atmospheric Chemistry Observational Databases). Tábìlì tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ fi àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tó pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, tí wọ́n sì dà pọ̀ dáadáa (long-lived, well-mixed greenhouse gases), hàn, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n wọn nínú troposphere àti ipa radiative forcing tààrà wọn, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ṣe dá wọn mọ̀.<ref name="ar5">{{cite book |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ |title=AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis |contribution=Chapter 8}}</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń ṣe ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì àtọ̀ka wọ̀nyí (trace gases) déédéé láti inú àwọn àpẹẹrẹ afẹ́fẹ́ tí a kó jọ láti oríṣìíríṣìí agbègbè ayé.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Monitoring Laboratory |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |publisher=NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases |url=https://gaw.kishou.go.jp/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |publisher=World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch Programme and Japan Meteorological Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment |url=https://agage.mit.edu/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}</ref> Tábìlì náà kò kà ìrì omi (water vapor) sí, nítorí pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ ni a máa ń ṣe ìṣírò wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfèsìpadà sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate change feedback) tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àìtaara látàrí àwọn ìyípadà nínú àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì mìíràn. Ó tún yọ ozone kúrò, nítorí pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àìtaara nìkan látàrí àwọn refrigerants oríṣìíríṣìí tí ń fa ìparun ozone. Diẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó kì í pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (short-lived gases), bíi carbon monoxide àti NOx, pẹ̀lú àwọn aerosol bíi eruku ilẹ̀ (mineral dust) tàbí black carbon, ni a tún yọ kúrò nítorí ipa wọn tó kéré àti ìyípadà wọn tó lágbára. Bákan náà, àwọn refrigerants kéékèèké àti àwọn gáàsì halogenated mìíràn ni a tún yọ kúrò, nítorí pé a ti ṣe wọn ní iye tó kéré ju àwọn tó wà nínú tábìlì náà lọ.<ref name="ar5" />{{rp|731–738}}  àti Annex III ti Ìròyìn IPCC WG1 ti ọdún 2021.<ref name="ar6">{{citation |title=Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |date=2021-08-09 |editor=Dentener F. J. |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/#FullReport |section=Annex III: Tables of historical and projected well-mixed greenhouse gas mixing ratios and effective radiative forcing of all climate forcers |section-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexIII.pdf |publisher=Cambridge University Press |editor2=B. Hall |editor3=C. Smith}}</ref>{{rp|4–9}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Àtòjọ IPCC ti àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì pẹ̀lú àkókò tí wọ́n máa ń pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (lifetime), Agbára Ìgbóná Ayé Gbogbogbò lórí ọdún 100 (100-year Global Warming Potential), ìwọ̀n wọn nínú troposphere, àti àwọn radiative forcings wọn. Àwọn àkótán TAR, AR4, AR5 àti AR6 ń tọ́ka sí àwọn ìròyìn IPCC oríṣìíríṣìí tí a tẹ̀ jáde láàárín àwọn ọdún. Ìpìlẹ̀ ìfíwéra náà ni àkókò ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ilé-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrialization), ìyẹn ọdún 1750. ! rowspan="2" |Species ! rowspan="2" |[[#Atmospheric lifetime|Lifetime]] (years) <ref name="ar5" />{{rp|731}} ! rowspan="2" |100-yr [[Global warming potential|GWP]] <ref name="ar5" />{{rp|731}} ! colspan="5" |Mole Fraction [ppt – except as noted]{{efn-ua|1=[[Mole fraction]]s: μmol/mol = ppm = parts per million (10<sup>6</sup>); nmol/mol = ppb = parts per billion (10<sup>9</sup>); pmol/mol = ppt = parts per trillion (10<sup>12</sup>).}} + [[Radiative forcing]] [W m<sup>−2</sup>]{{efn-ua|Values are relative to year 1750. AR6 reports the ''effective radiative forcing'' which includes effects of rapid adjustments in the atmosphere and at the surface.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Hansen, J. |author2=Sato, M. |author3=Ruedy, R. |display-authors=etal |year=2005 |title=Efficacy of Climate Forcings |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume=119 |issue=D18104 |article-number=2005JD005776 |doi=10.1029/2005JD005776 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2005JGRD..11018104H }}</ref>}} ! rowspan="2" |Concentrations over time<ref name="hats">{{cite web |title=Long-term global trends of atmospheric trace gases |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/data.html |access-date=2021-02-11 |publisher=NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories}}</ref><ref name="agage">{{cite web |title=AGAGE Data and Figures |url=https://agage.mit.edu/data/agage-data |access-date=2021-02-11 |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}</ref> up to year 2022 |- !Baseline Year 1750 ![[IPCC Third Assessment Report|TAR]]<ref name="tar">{{cite book |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar3/wg1/ |title=TAR Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis |page=358 |contribution=Chapter 6}}</ref> Year 1998 ![[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|AR4]]<ref name="ar4">{{cite book |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg1.htm |title=AR4 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis |page=141 |contribution=Chapter 2}}</ref> Year 2005 ![[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|AR5]]<ref name="ar5" />{{rp|678}} Year 2011 ![[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|AR6]]<ref name="ar6" />{{rp|4–9}} Year 2019 |- |[[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] [ppm] |{{efn-ua|The IPCC states that ''"no single atmospheric lifetime can be given"'' for CO<sub>2</sub>.<ref name="ar5" />{{rp|731}} This is mostly due to the rapid growth and cumulative magnitude of the disturbances to Earth's [[carbon cycle]] by the geologic extraction and burning of fossil carbon.<ref name="Friedlingstein2020" /> As of year 2014, fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emitted as a theoretical 10 to 100&nbsp;GtC pulse on top of the existing atmospheric concentration was expected to be 50% removed by land vegetation and ocean [[Carbon sink|sinks]] in less than about a century, as based on the projections of [[Coupled Model Intercomparison Project|coupled models]] referenced in the AR5 assessment.<ref>{{cite book |title=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report – Supplemental Material |page=8SM-16 |chapter=Figure 8.SM.4 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/07/WGI_AR5.Chap_.8_SM.pdf}}</ref> A substantial fraction (20–35%) was also projected to remain in the atmosphere for centuries to millennia, where fractional persistence increases with pulse size.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Archer |first=David |year=2009 |title=Atmospheric lifetime of fossil fuel carbon dioxide |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/12933 |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=117–34 |bibcode=2009AREPS..37..117A |doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100206 |hdl=2268/12933}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Joos, F. |author2=Roth, R. |author3=Fuglestvedt, J.D. |display-authors=etal |year=2013 |title=Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the computation of greenhouse gas metrics: A multi-model analysis |url=https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/2793/2013/ |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=2793–2825 |doi=10.5194/acpd-12-19799-2012 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/58316}}</ref>}} |1 |278 |365 '''(1.46)''' |379 '''(1.66)''' |391 '''(1.82)''' |410 '''(2.16)''' |[[File:Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Methane|CH<sub>4</sub>]] [ppb] |12.4 |28 |700 |1,745 '''(0.48)''' |1,774 '''(0.48)''' |1,801 '''(0.48)''' |1866 '''(0.54)''' |[[File:CH4 mm.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Nitrous oxide|N<sub>2</sub>O]] [ppb] |121 |265 |270 |314 '''(0.15)''' |319 '''(0.16)''' |324 '''(0.17)''' |332 '''(0.21)''' |[[File:HATS_Nitrous_Oxide_concentration.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Trichlorofluoromethane|CFC-11]] |45 |4,660 |0 |268 '''(0.07)''' |251 '''(0.063)''' |238 '''(0.062)''' |226 '''(0.066)''' |[[File:Hats_f11_global.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Dichlorodifluoromethane|CFC-12]] |100 |10,200 |0 |533 '''(0.17)''' |538 '''(0.17)''' |528 '''(0.17)''' |503 '''(0.18)''' |[[File:Hats_f12_global.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Chlorotrifluoromethane|CFC-13]] |640 |13,900 |0 |4 '''(0.001)''' | – |2.7 '''(0.0007)''' |3.28 '''(0.0009)''' |[https://agage2.eas.gatech.edu/data_archive/data_figures/monthly/pdf/CFC-13_mm.pdf cfc13] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913121631/https://agage2.eas.gatech.edu/data_archive/data_figures/monthly/pdf/CFC-13_mm.pdf |date=2024-09-13 }} |- |[[1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane|CFC-113]] |85 |6,490 |0 |84 '''(0.03)''' |79 '''(0.024)''' |74 '''(0.022)''' |70 '''(0.021)''' |[[File:Hats_f113_global.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane|CFC-114]] |190 |7,710 |0 |15 '''(0.005)''' | – | – |16 '''(0.005)''' |[https://agage2.eas.gatech.edu/data_archive/data_figures/monthly/pdf/CFC-114_mm.pdf cfc114] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913021411/https://agage2.eas.gatech.edu/data_archive/data_figures/monthly/pdf/CFC-114_mm.pdf |date=2024-09-13 }} |- |[[CFC-115]] |1,020 |5,860 |0 |7 '''(0.001)''' | – |8.37 '''(0.0017)''' |8.67 '''(0.0021)''' |[https://agage2.eas.gatech.edu/data_archive/data_figures/monthly/pdf/CFC-115_mm.pdf cfc115] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913082117/https://agage2.eas.gatech.edu/data_archive/data_figures/monthly/pdf/CFC-115_mm.pdf |date=2024-09-13 }} |- |[[HCFC-22]] |11.9 |5,280 |0 |132 '''(0.03)''' |169 '''(0.033)''' |213 '''(0.0447)''' |247 '''(0.0528)''' |[[File:HCFC22_concentration.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[HCFC-141b]] |9.2 |2,550 |0 |10 '''(0.001)''' |18 '''(0.0025)''' |21.4 '''(0.0034)''' |24.4 '''(0.0039)''' |[[File:HCFC141b_concentration.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[HCFC-142b]] |17.2 |5,020 |0 |11 '''(0.002)''' |15 '''(0.0031)''' |21.2 '''(0.0040)''' |22.3 '''(0.0043)''' |[[File:HCFC142b_concentration.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[1,1,1-Trichloroethane|CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>3</sub>]] |5 |160 |0 |69 '''(0.004)''' |19 '''(0.0011)''' |6.32 '''(0.0004)''' |1.6 '''(0.0001)''' |[[File:BK_MC.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]] |26 |1,730 |0{{efn-ua|Natural sources do exist, but these do not produce a concentration as high as 1 [[Parts-per notation|part per quadrillion]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Gribble|first=Gordon W.|title=Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds – A Comprehensive Update|year=2009 |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media |isbn=978-3-211-99323-1 |page=15}}</ref>}} |102 '''(0.01)''' |93 '''(0.012)''' |85.8 '''(0.0146)''' |78 '''(0.0129)''' |[[File:Hats_ccl4_global.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[HFC-23]] |222 |12,400 |0 |14 '''(0.002)''' |18 '''(0.0033)''' |24 '''(0.0043)''' |32.4 '''(0.0062)''' |[[File:HFC-23_mm.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[HFC-32]] |5.2 |677 |0 | – | – |4.92 '''(0.0005)''' |20 '''(0.0022)''' |[[File:BK_HFC32.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[HFC-125]] |28.2 |3,170 |0 | – |3.7 '''(0.0009)''' |9.58 '''(0.0022)''' |29.4 '''(0.0069)''' |[[File:HFC125_concentration.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[HFC-134a]] |13.4 |1,300 |0 |7.5 '''(0.001)''' |35 '''(0.0055)''' |62.7 '''(0.0100)''' |107.6 '''(0.018)''' |[[File:HFC-134a mm.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[HFC-143a]] |47.1 |4,800 |0 | – | – |12.0 '''(0.0019)''' |24 '''(0.0040)''' |[[File:HFC143a_concentration.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[HFC-152a]] |1.5 |138 |0 |0.5 '''(0.0000)''' |3.9 '''(0.0004)''' |6.4 '''(0.0006)''' |7.1 '''(0.0007)''' |[[File:HFC152a_concentration.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Tetrafluoromethane|CF<sub>4</sub>]] (PFC-14) |50,000 |6,630 | rowspan="2" |40<ref name="Natural">{{cite journal|last1=Harnisch|first1=Jochen|last2=Eisenhauer|first2=Anton|title=Natural CF<sub>4</sub> and SF<sub>6</sub> on Earth|url=https://archive.org/details/geophysical-research-letters_1998-07-01_25_13/page/2401|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=25|year=1998|issue=13 |pages=2401–2404|doi=10.1029/98GL01779 |bibcode=1998GeoRL..25.2401H |s2cid=129805049 |doi-access=free}}</ref>{{efn-ua|Figure is combined total natural abundance of all perfluorocarbons: no data exist for individual compounds.}} |80 '''(0.003)''' |74 '''(0.0034)''' |79 '''(0.0040)''' |85.5 '''(0.0051)''' |[[File:Tetrafluoromethane_concentration.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Hexafluoroethane|C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>]] (PFC-116) |10,000 |11,100 |3 '''(0.001)''' |2.9 '''(0.0008)''' |4.16 '''(0.0010)''' |4.85 '''(0.0013)''' |[[File:Hexafluoroethane_concentration.jpg|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Sulfur hexafluoride|SF<sub>6</sub>]] |3,200 |23,500 |0.01<ref name="Natural"/> |4.2 '''(0.002)''' |5.6 '''(0.0029)''' |7.28 '''(0.0041)''' |9.95 '''(0.0056)''' |[[File:Sulfur_Hexafluoride_concentration.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Sulfuryl fluoride|SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>]] |36 |4,090 |0 | – | – |1.71 '''(0.0003)''' |2.5 '''(0.0005)''' |[[File:SO2F2_mm.png|upright=0.5|frameless]] |- |[[Nitrogen trifluoride|NF<sub>3</sub>]] |500 |16,100 |0 | – | – |0.9 '''(0.0002)''' |2.05 '''(0.0004)''' | |} A. Mole fractions: μmol/mol = ppm = parts per million (10⁶); nmol/mol = ppb = parts per billion (10⁹); pmol/mol = ppt = parts per trillion (10¹²). B. Àwọn iye wọ̀nyí jẹ́ ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750. AR6 ń fi effective radiative forcing hàn, èyí tí ó tún kà àwọn ipa àwọn àtúnṣe kíákíá (rapid adjustments) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti lórí ojú ilẹ̀.<ref name="hats" /> C. IPCC sọ pé “a kò lè fún CO₂ ní àkókò ìgbésí ayé kan ṣoṣo nínú afẹ́fẹ́”.<ref name="ar5" />  Èyí jẹ́ púpọ̀ nítorí ìdagba kíákíá àti àpapọ̀ ìyípadà tí ènìyàn ti fa sí carbon cycle Ilẹ̀ Ayé nípasẹ̀ yíyọ carbon fósílì jáde láti inú ilẹ̀ àti sísun un.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#cite_note-Friedlingstein2020-61</ref> Ní ọdún 2014, a retí pé bí a bá tú fossil CO₂ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí pulse tó jẹ́ 10 sí 100 GtC lórí ìwọ̀n CO₂ tó ti wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀, nǹkan bí 50% rẹ̀ yóò jẹ́ yíyọ kúrò nípasẹ̀ ewéko ilẹ̀ àti àwọn sink inú òkun láàárín àkókò tó kéré ju ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún kan lọ, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àwòṣe tó darapọ̀ (coupled models) tí a tọ́ka sí nínú ìròyìn AR5.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#cite_note-62</ref> A tún retí pé ìpín pàtàkì kan (20–35%) yóò ṣì dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún sí ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, níbi tí ìpín tó ń dúró yóò ti máa pọ̀ sí i bí ìwọ̀n pulse náà ṣe ń tóbi sí i.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#cite_note-63</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#cite_note-64</ref> D. Àwọn orísun àdánidá wà, ṣùgbọ́n wọn kì í ṣe ìwọ̀n tó ga tó 1 part per quadrillion.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#cite_note-66</ref> E. Nọ́ńbà náà jẹ́ àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n àdánidá gbogbo perfluorocarbons; kò sí data fún ọkọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn àkópọ̀ kemika náà.<ref>https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg1-chapter7-1.pdf</ref> == Àwọn nǹkan tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì (Factors Affecting Concentrations) == Ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ni a ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì láàárín àwọn orísun (ìtújáde gáàsì náà láti inú iṣẹ́ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àdánidá) àti àwọn ibi ìyọkúrò (yíyọ gáàsì náà kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ nípasẹ̀ yíyí i padà sí àkópọ̀ kemika míì tàbí mímú un wọ inú àwọn omi).<ref>Denman, K.L., G. Brasseur, A. Chidthaisong, P. Ciais, P.M. Cox, R.E. Dickinson, D. Hauglustaine, C. Heinze, E. Holland, D. Jacob, U. Lohmann, S Ramachandran, P.L. da Silva Dias, S.C. Wofsy and X. Zhang, 2007: [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg1-chapter7-1.pdf Chapter 7: Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/ Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref>{{rp|512}} === Ìpín Tó Ṣì Wà nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ (Airborne Fraction) === [[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|upright=1.35Àwọn ohun tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di báyìí. Agbára ìgbóná ayé tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ iwájú láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ohun tó pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide kò sí nínú àwòrán yìí. Àwọn whiskers tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá (bars) ń fi àgbègbè àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]] Ìpín ìtújáde gáàsì kan tí ó ṣì wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan pàtó ni a ń pè ní "airborne fraction" (AF). Airborne fraction ọdún kọ̀ọ̀kan ni ìpín ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n gáàsì náà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọdún kan sí àpapọ̀ gbogbo ìtújáde rẹ̀ ní ọdún náà. Airborne fraction ọdún kọ̀ọ̀kan fún CO₂ ti dúró ṣinṣin ní 0.45 fún ọdún Ogóta (60 years) sẹ́yìn, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìtújáde rẹ̀ ti ń pọ̀ sí i. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé ìpín 0.55 tó kù nínú CO₂ tí a tú jáde ni àwọn carbon sinks ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń gba wọlé láàárín ọdún àkọ́kọ́ lẹ́yìn ìtújáde náà.<ref name=":2" /> Nínú àwọn àwòṣe tí ìtújáde gáàsì pọ̀ gan-an, agbára àwọn carbon sinks láti gba CO₂ yóò dín kù, èyí tí yóò mú kí ìpín CO₂ tó ṣì wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé iye CO₂ gangan tí wọ́n gba yóò ga ju ti ìsinsìnyí lọ.<ref name="AR6WG1CH5">{{Cite book |last1=Canadell |first1=J. G. |last2=Monteiro |first2=P. M. S. |last3=Costa |first3=M. H. |last4=Cotrim da Cunha |first4=L. |last5=Ishii |first5=M. |last6=Jaccard |first6=S. |last7=Cox |first7=P. M. |last8=Eliseev |first8=A. V. |last9=Henson |first9=S. |last10=Koven |first10=C. |last11=Lohila |first11=A. |last12=Patra |first12=P. K. |last13=Piao |first13=S. |last14=Rogelj |first14=J. |last15=Syampungani |first15=S. |last16=Zaehle |first16=S. |last17=Zickfeld |first17=K. |year=2021 |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report: Working Group 1 |chapter=Global Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_05.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|746}} ===Àkókò Ìgbésí Ayé nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ (Atmospheric Lifetime) === [[Fáìlì:Arora 2018 methane lifetime.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Àfojúsùn àkókò ìgbésí ayé methane nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ilé-iṣẹ́ (agbègbè tí a fi ojiji hàn); àwọn ìyípadà nínú àkókò ìgbésí ayé methane láti ọdún 1850 gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan ṣe fi hàn (ìlà aláwọ̀ búlúù), àti àwòrán tí a ti mú kí ó bá ara rẹ̀ mu (ìlà aláwọ̀ pupa).<ref name="Arora2018" />]] Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì pàtàkì dà pọ̀ dáadáa nínú afẹ́fẹ́, wọ́n sì máa ń gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún kí wọ́n tó kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="betts">{{cite book |author=Betts |url=http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc%5Ftar/?src=/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/218.htm |title=Chapter 6 Radiative Forcing of Climate Change |publisher=UNEP/GRID-Arendal – Publications |year=2001 |series=Working Group I: The Scientific Basis IPCC Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001 |contribution=6.3 Well-mixed Greenhouse Gases |access-date=2010-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629043240/http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_tar/?src=%2Fclimate%2Fipcc_tar%2Fwg1%2F218.htm |archive-date=29 June 2011 |archivedate=2011-06-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629043240/http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_tar/?src=%2Fclimate%2Fipcc_tar%2Fwg1%2F218.htm }}</ref> Àkókò ìgbésí ayé gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ túmọ̀ sí àkókò tí ó nílò láti mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà bọ̀ lẹ́yìn ìlọsíwájú tàbí ìdínkù àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́. Àwọn atomu tàbí molikula kọ̀ọ̀kan lè pàdánù tàbí kí wọ́n lọ sí àwọn sinks bíi ilẹ̀, àwọn òkun àti àwọn omi mìíràn, tàbí ewéko àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè mìíràn, èyí tí ó máa ń dín ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju àdánidá lọ padà sí ìwọ̀n àbẹ́lẹ̀ (background concentrations). Àpapọ̀ àkókò tí ó máa ń gba láti ṣe èyí ni a ń pè ní mean lifetime. A lè fi hàn nípasẹ̀ fọ́ọ̀mùlà tó tẹ̀lé e, níbi tí àkókò ìgbésí ayé <math>\tau</math> ti irú ẹ̀yà afẹ́fẹ́ X nínú àwòṣe one-box jẹ́ àpapọ̀ àkókò tí molikula X kan máa ń dúró nínú box náà.<ref name="JacobDJ1999">{{cite book |last=Jacob |first=Daniel |url=http://www-as.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/ |title=Introduction to atmospheric chemistry |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-691-00185-2 |pages=25–26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902182732/http://www-as.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/ |archive-date=2 September 2011 |access-date=26 June 2026 |archivedate=2 September 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902182732/http://www-as.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/ }}</ref> <math>\tau</math> tún lè jẹ́ àlàyé gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpín láàárín ìwọ̀n (mass) <math>m</math> (ní kg) ti X nínú box náà àti oṣuwọn ìyọkúrò rẹ̀ (removal rate), èyí tí ó jẹ́ àpapọ̀ ìṣàn X tó ń jáde kúrò nínú box náà (<math>F_\text{out}</math>), ìparun kemika ti X (<math>L</math>), àti ìfipamọ́ X (<math>D</math>) (gbogbo wọn ní kg/s) :<math>\tau = \frac{m}{F_\text{out}+L+D}</math>.<ref name="JacobDJ1999" /> Tí ìwọlé gáàsì yìí sínú box náà bá dáwọ́ dúró, lẹ́yìn àkókò <math>\tau</math> ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ yóò ti dín kù ní nǹkan bí 63%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eshelman |first=Anna |title=Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming |url=https://jlmwh.com/v15/Upload/file/20257201550589930.pdf |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=NOAA Climate Program Office }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Àwọn ìyípadà nínú èyíkéyìí àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè yí àkókò ìgbésí ayé gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ padà. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, a fojú díwọ̀n pé àkókò ìgbésí ayé methane nínú afẹ́fẹ́ kéré sí i ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún ju bí ó ṣe rí ní báyìí lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó ga sí i ní ìdajì kejì ọ̀rúndún ogún ju bí ó ṣe rí lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000 lọ.<ref name="Arora2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Arora |first1=Vivek K. |last2=Melton |first2=Joe R. |last3=Plummer |first3=David |date=1 August 2018 |title=An assessment of natural methane fluxes simulated by the CLASS-CTEM model |journal=Biogeosciences |volume=15 |issue=15 |pages=4683–4709 |doi=10.5194/bg-15-4683-2018 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018BGeo...15.4683A |s2cid=55585998 }}</ref> Carbon dioxide ní àkókò ìgbésí ayé tó túbọ̀ yàtọ̀ sí i, tí a kò sì lè sọ ọ́ di nọ́ńbà kan ṣoṣo.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2005 |title=How long will global warming last? |url=http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2005/03/how-long-will-global-warming-last |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304213944/http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2005/03/how-long-will-global-warming-last/ |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=2012-06-12 |publisher=RealClimate}}</ref><ref name="TableOfWarmingPotentials5" /><ref name="AR6_WGI_AnnexVII" />{{rp|2237}} Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì sọ pé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé 10% àkọ́kọ́ nínú airborne fraction ti carbon dioxide (láìka nǹkan bí 50% tí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn sink inú òkun gba nínú ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ìtújáde náà) máa ń yọ kúrò “ní kíákíá”, ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú airborne fraction náà – ìyẹn 80% – máa ń wà fún “ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún sí ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún”. 10% tó kù sì máa ń dúró fún ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá ọdún. Nínú àwọn àwòṣe kan, ìpín tó pẹ́ jù lọ yìí lè tó 30%.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=How long will global warming last? |url=https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-do-we-know-how-long-carbon-dioxide-remains-atmosphere |publisher=[[MIT]] Climate Portal |access-date=26 June 2026 |archive-date=31 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331144225/https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-do-we-know-how-long-carbon-dioxide-remains-atmosphere |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Kate |date=19 July 2023 |title=How long will global warming last? |url=https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/carbon-atmospheric-residence-claim-is-full-of-gas/ |publisher=[[Australian Associated Press]] }}</ref> [[Fáìlì:CO2 exponential decay comparison.png|thumb|Ìfíwéra bí CO₂ ṣe ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìṣe exponential decay tí ó ní half-life kan náà.]] === Ní Àwọn Àkókò Jíjìn ti Ìtàn Ilẹ̀ Ayé (During Geologic Time Scales) === [[Fáìlì:Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png|thumb|Ìwọ̀n CO₂ láàárín ọdún mílíọ̀nù 500 sẹ́yìn.]] [[Fáìlì:CO2 40k.png|thumb|Ìwọ̀n CO₂ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 40,000 sẹ́yìn, láti ìgbà Last Glacial Maximum títí di òní. Oṣùwọ̀n ìlọsíwájú tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ ga ju ti ìgbàkígbà lọ ní gbogbo àkókò ìparí àkókò yìnyín (deglaciation) tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ kọjá.]] Àwọn ìṣírò tí a ṣe ní ọdún 2023 fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ lè jẹ́ èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) sẹ́yìn.<ref name="Ahmed-2023" /> Ṣùgbọ́n Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) fojú díwọ̀n pé irú ìwọ̀n bẹ́ẹ̀ ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún mílíọ̀nù 3 sí 3.3 sẹ́yìn, ní àkókò ìgbóná Mid-Pliocene (mid-Pliocene warm period). Àkókò yìí lè jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ (proxy) fún àwọn àbájáde ojú-ọjọ́ tó ṣeé ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n CO₂ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.<ref>Gulev, S.K., P.W. Thorne, J. Ahn, F.J. Dentener, C.M. Domingues, S. Gerland, D. Gong, D.S. Kaufman, H.C. Nnamchi, J. Quaas, J.A. Rivera, S. Sathyendranath, S.L. Smith, B. Trewin, K. von Schuckmann, and R.S. Vose, 2021: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter02.pdf Chapter 2: Changing State of the Climate System]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 287–422, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.004.</ref>{{rp|Figure 2.34}} A gbà pé carbon dioxide ti kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ṣíṣètò ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní gbogbo ìtàn rẹ̀ tó pé ọdún bílíọ̀nù 4.54. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbésí ayé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì rí ẹ̀rí pé omi wà ní ipò olómi, èyí tó fi hàn pé ayé gbóná, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a gbà pé agbára tí Oòrùn ń tú jáde nígbà yẹn jẹ́ ìdá 70% péré ti ohun tí ó jẹ́ lónìí. Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide tó ga sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lè ṣàlàyé faint young sun paradox yìí. Nígbà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ dá, afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ lè ti ní àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì púpọ̀ sí i, àti pé ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide lè ti ga gan-an, pẹ̀lú estimated partial pressure tó lè dé 1,000 kPa (10 bar), nítorí pé kò tíì sí photosynthesis ti àwọn bakiteria láti yí gáàsì náà padà sí àwọn àkópọ̀ carbon àti oxygen. Methane, tó jẹ́ gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tó lágbára gan-an, lè ti pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú.<ref name="Walker-1985">{{cite journal |last=Walker |first=James C.G. |date=June 1985 |title=Carbon dioxide on the early earth |url=http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43349/1/11084_2005_Article_BF01809466.pdf |journal=Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=117–27 |bibcode=1985OrLi...16..117W |doi=10.1007/BF01809466 |pmid=11542014 |access-date=2010-01-30 |hdl-access=free |hdl=2027.42/43349 |s2cid=206804461 |archive-date=14 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914033408/http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43349/1/11084_2005_Article_BF01809466.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Pavlov, Alexander A. |author2=Kasting, James F. |author3=Brown, Lisa L. |author4=Rages, Kathy A. |author5=Freedman, Richard |date=May 2000 |title=Greenhouse warming by CH<sub>4</sub> in the atmosphere of early Earth |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=105 |issue=E5 |pages=11981–90 |bibcode=2000JGR...10511981P |doi=10.1029/1999JE001134 |pmid=11543544 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ìtọ́jú àti Ìbójútó (Monitoring) == Ìtọ́jú àti ìbójútó àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ní fífi ìwọ̀n wọn nínú afẹ́fẹ́ wò tààràtà, àti fífi àwọn ìtújáde gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì wò ní ọ̀nà tààràtà àti àìtààràtà. Àwọn ọ̀nà àìtààràtà máa ń ṣe ìṣírò ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì lórí ìpìlẹ̀ àwọn ìwọ̀n míì tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ̀, bíi yíyọ epo fósílì jáde.<ref name=":2" /> Ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀nà ló wà fún fífi wọn ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́, pẹ̀lú infrared analyzing àti manometry.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Daniel C. |date=2010 |title=Charles David Keeling and the Story of Atmospheric CO2 Measurements |journal=Analytical Chemistry |language=en |volume=82 |issue=19 |pages=7865–7870 |doi=10.1021/ac1001492 |issn=0003-2700 |pmid=20536268|bibcode=2010AnaCh..82.7865H }}</ref> Wọ́n máa ń fi àwọn irinṣẹ́ míì, bíi range-resolved infrared differential absorption lidar (DIAL), wọn ìwọ̀n methane àti nitrous oxide.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Innocenti |first1=Fabrizio |last2=Robinson |first2=Rod |last3=Gardiner |first3=Tom |last4=Finlayson |first4=Andrew |last5=Connor |first5=Andy |date=2017 |title=Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Measurements of Landfill Methane Emissions |journal=Remote Sensing |language=en |volume=9 |issue=9 |page=953 |bibcode=2017RemS....9..953I |doi=10.3390/rs9090953 |doi-access=free|s2cid=6964229 }}</ref> Wọ́n tún máa ń wọn àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì láti ojú òfurufú, bíi pẹ̀lú Orbiting Carbon Observatory, àti nípasẹ̀ àwọn nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì àwọn ibùdó ìwòye lórí ilẹ̀, bíi Integrated Carbon Observation System.<ref name=":2" /> Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) ni àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì afẹ́fẹ́ ní NOAA ṣe àlàyé gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpín àpapọ̀ direct radiative forcing tí àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tó pẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí wọ́n sì dà pọ̀ dáadáa ń fa fún ọdún kankan tí ìwọ̀n àgbáyé tó péye wà, sí èyí tó wà ní ọdún 1990.<ref name="butmon">{{Cite web |author=Butler J. and Montzka S. |year=2020 |title=The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/aggi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922035917/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/aggi.html |archive-date=22 September 2013 |access-date=5 September 2020 |publisher=[[NOAA]] Global Monitoring Laboratory/Earth System Research Laboratories}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=LuAnn Dahlman |date=14 August 2020 |title=Climate change: annual greenhouse gas index |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-annual-greenhouse-gas-index |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816013542/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-annual-greenhouse-gas-index |archive-date=16 August 2013 |access-date=5 September 2020 |publisher=NOAA Climate.gov science news & Information for a climate smart nation}}</ref> Àwọn ìwọ̀n radiative forcing wọ̀nyí jẹ́ ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú àwọn tí ó wà ní ọdún 1750 (ìyẹn ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò Ìyípadà Ilé-iṣẹ́). A yan ọdún 1990 nítorí pé ó jẹ́ ọdún ìpìlẹ̀ fún Kyoto Protocol, ó sì tún jẹ́ ọdún tí a tẹ Ìròyìn Àkọ́kọ́ ti IPCC lórí Sáyẹ́ǹsì Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ jáde. Nítorí náà, NOAA sọ pé AGGI “ń wọn ìlérí tí àwùjọ (àgbáyé) ti ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀ láti gbé nínú ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà. Ó dá lórí àwọn ìwọ̀n afẹ́fẹ́ tó dára jù lọ láti inú àwọn ibùdó ìwòye káàkiri ayé. Àìdánilójú rẹ̀ kéré gan-an.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) – An Introduction |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127013113/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/ |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=5 September 2020 |publisher=[[NOAA]] Global Monitoring Laboratory/Earth System Research Laboratories}}</ref> === Àwọn Nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì Dátà (Data Networks) === Ọ̀pọ̀ nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì ìwọ̀n lórí ilẹ̀ (surface measurement) ló wà (tó ní ìwọ̀n pẹ̀lú flasks àti ìwọ̀n continuous in situ), pẹ̀lú NOAA/ERSL,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/index.html |title=NOAA CCGG page Retrieved 2 March 2016 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811160744/http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> WDCGG,<ref>[http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/wdcgg/ WDCGG webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406090043/http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/wdcgg/|date=6 April 2016}} Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> àti RAMCES.<ref>[https://www.lsce.ipsl.fr/en/cycles-transferts/icos-ramces/ RAMCES webpage]</ref> Dátà láti NOAA/ESRL Baseline Observatory Network àti Scripps Institution of Oceanography Network<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/ |title=CDIAC CO2 page Retrieved 9 February 2016 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=13 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813142008/http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni a gbà sí CDIAC ní ORNL. Dátà World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG), tó jẹ́ apá kan ti GAW, wà lábẹ́ ìtọ́jú JMA. Reseau Atmospherique de Mesure des Composes an Effet de Serre database (RAMCES) jẹ́ apá kan ti IPSL. == Àwọn Oríṣìíríṣìí Orísun (Types of Sources) == === Àwọn Orísun Àdánidá (Natural Sources) === Àwọn ìṣàn carbon àdánidá láàárín afẹ́fẹ́, òkun, àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lórí ilẹ̀, àti àwọn ìdókòwò ilẹ̀ (sediments) wà ní ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì tó dára; nítorí náà, ìwọ̀n carbon yóò fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ dúró ṣinṣin bí kò bá sí ipa ènìyàn.<ref name="Prentice_etal_20012">{{cite book |last=Prentice |first=I.C. |title=Climate change 2001: the scientific basis: contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergouvernmental Panel on Climate Change |year=2001 |editor1-last=Houghton |editor1-first=J.T. |chapter=The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide |hdl=10067/381670151162165141}}</ref><ref name="U2">{{cite web |year=2009 |title=An Introduction to the Global Carbon Cycle |url=http://globecarboncycle.unh.edu/CarbonCycleBackground.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008110835/http://globecarboncycle.unh.edu/CarbonCycleBackground.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2016 |access-date=6 February 2016 |publisher=University of New Hampshire }}</ref> Wọ́n máa ń yọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní pàtàkì nípasẹ̀ photosynthesis, ó sì máa ń wọ inú biosphere ilẹ̀ àti ti òkun. Carbon dioxide tún máa ń tú taara láti afẹ́fẹ́ sínú àwọn ibi omi (bíi òkun, adágún, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), ó sì tún máa ń tú sínú ojò bí àwọn kánkán ojò ṣe ń bọ̀ láti inú afẹ́fẹ́. Nígbà tí carbon dioxide bá tú sínú omi, ó máa ń ṣe ìfèsì pẹ̀lú àwọn molikula omi, ó sì máa ń dá carbonic acid sílẹ̀. Èyí lè mú kí ojú àwọn ohun tí ó bá kan di àsídì díẹ̀ sí i, kí wọ́n sì lè gba á sínú àpáta nípasẹ̀ weathering, tàbí kí omi gbé e lọ sínú òkun, níbi tí ó ti ń kópa nínú ìmú àsídì òkun pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="Planet">{{Cite journal |title=Many Planets, One Earth // Section 4: Carbon Cycling and Earth's Climate |url=http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=1&secNum=4 |url-status=live |journal=Many Planets, One Earth |volume=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417175417/http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=1&secNum=4 |archive-date=17 April 2012 |access-date=2012-06-24 }}</ref> [[Fáìlì:Anthropogenic changes in the global carbon cycle.png|thumb|Àwòrán àfihàn ìdàrúdàpọ̀ àpapọ̀ tí àwọn iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ti fa sí carbon cycle àgbáyé, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àpapọ̀ láàárín ọdún 2010 sí 2019.<ref name="Friedlingstein2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Friedlingstein |first1=Pierre |last2=O'Sullivan |first2=Michael |last3=Jones |first3=Matthew W. |last4=Andrew |first4=Robbie M. |last5=Hauck |first5=Judith |last6=Olsen |first6=Are |last7=Peters |first7=Glen P. |last8=Peters |first8=Wouter |last9=Pongratz |first9=Julia |last10=Sitch |first10=Stephen |last11=Le Quéré |first11=Corinne |last12=Canadell |first12=Josep G. |last13=Ciais |first13=Philippe |last14=Jackson |first14=Robert B. |last15=Alin |first15=Simone |date=2020 |title=Global Carbon Budget 2020 |journal=Earth System Science Data |language=en |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=3269–3340 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020 |bibcode=2020ESSD...12.3269F |issn=1866-3516 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/458765 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>]] Atmospheric carbon cycle ń ṣàlàyé bí àwọn àkópọ̀ carbon tó wà ní ipò gáàsì, ní pàtàkì carbon dioxide (CO₂), ṣe ń pàṣípààrọ̀ láàárín afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn òkun, àti biosphere ilẹ̀. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn apá carbon cycle Ilẹ̀ Ayé tí ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní kíákíá jù lọ, ó sì ń ṣèrànwọ́ fún pàṣípààrọ̀ tó ju bílíọ̀nù 200 tónù carbon (ìyẹn gigatons carbon tàbí GtC) wọlé àti jáde nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=GlobalCarbonCycle/> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń dúró ṣinṣin lórí àkókò gígùn nìkan bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì bá wà láàárín àwọn ìṣàn méjèèjì wọ̀nyí. Methane (CH₄), Carbon monoxide (CO), àti àwọn àkópọ̀ mìíràn tí ènìyàn ṣe wà ní ìwọ̀n kékeré sí i, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ apá kan nínú atmospheric carbon cycle.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> === Àwọn Orísun Tí Ènìyàn Ṣe (Human-made Sources) === [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde tààràtà àti àìtààràtà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti ọdún 2019 láti ọwọ́ IPCC.]] Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ìtújáde carbon dioxide láti ọwọ́ ènìyàn wá láti inú sísun epo fósílì. Àwọn ohun míì tó tún ń kópa ni ṣíṣe símẹ́ǹtì, ìmújáde ajílẹ̀, àti àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ bíi pípa igbó run.<ref name="Canadell-2021" />{{rp|687}}<ref name="EPA_GHGdata" /><ref name="ipcc-2018">{{cite web |title=AR4 SYR Synthesis Report Summary for Policymakers – 2 Causes of change |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/spms2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228235005/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/spms2.html |archive-date=28 February 2018 |access-date=9 October 2015 |work=ipcc.ch}}</ref> Ìtújáde methane sì máa ń wá láti iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìmújáde epo fósílì, egbin, àti àwọn orísun mìíràn.<ref name="International Energy Agency-2023" /> Àwọn oko ìrẹsì tó kún fún omi (rice paddies) jẹ́ orísun pàtàkì ti ìtújáde gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, tí wọ́n ń kópa ní ìdá 22% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde methane láti iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìdá 11% nínú ìtújáde nitrous oxide.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Qian |first1=Haoyu |last2=Zhu |first2=Xiangchen |last3=Huang |first3=Shan |last4=Linquist |first4=Bruce |last5=Kuzyakov |first5=Yakov |last6=Wassmann |first6=Reiner |last7=Minamikawa |first7=Kazunori |last8=Martinez-Eixarch |first8=Maite |last9=Yan |first9=Xiaoyuan |last10=Zhou |first10=Feng |last11=Sander |first11=Bjoern Ole |last12=Zhang |first12=Weijian |last13=Shang |first13=Ziyin |last14=Zou |first14=Jianwen |last15=Zheng |first15=Xunhua |date=October 2023 |title=Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation in rice agriculture |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-023-00482-1 |journal=Nature Reviews Earth & Environment |language=en |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=716–732 |doi=10.1038/s43017-023-00482-1 |bibcode=2023NRvEE...4..716Q |issn=2662-138X|hdl=10871/134718 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Tí ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ bá ń bá a lọ, ìgbóná ayé yóò ju 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) lọ ní àkókò kan láàárín ọdún 2040 sí 2070, èyí tí Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé sọ pé ó jẹ́ “ẹ̀wu”.<ref name="Carbon Brief-2020" /> Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ní àwọn orísun àdánidá àti àwọn orísun tí ènìyàn fa. Àmọ́, àfi àwọn synthetic halocarbons tí ènìyàn nìkan ló ṣe, tí kò ní orísun àdánidá rárá. Ní àkókò Holocene ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ilé-iṣẹ́, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ dúró ṣinṣin, nítorí pé àwọn orísun àdánidá ńlá àti àwọn sinks ńlá wà ní ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì. Ní àkókò Ìyípadà Ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ti fi àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì kún afẹ́fẹ́, ní pàtàkì nípasẹ̀ sísun epo fósílì àti pípa igbó run.<ref>{{cite web |year=2000 |title=Chapter 3, IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, 2000 |url=https://ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/spm/sres-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820085208/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/spm/sres-en.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2018 |access-date=2010-10-16 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref><ref name="Le Treut-2007" />{{rp|115}} Àwọn orísun anthropogenic (tí ènìyàn fa) pàtàkì jù lọ fún àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì ni carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), methane, àti ẹgbẹ́ mẹ́ta àwọn gáàsì fluorinated (sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), àti nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃)).<ref>Dhakal, S., J.C. Minx, F.L. Toth, A. Abdel-Aziz, M.J. Figueroa Meza, K. Hubacek, I.G.C. Jonckheere, Yong-Gun Kim, G.F. Nemet, S. Pachauri, X.C. Tan, T. Wiedmann, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Chapter02.pdf Chapter 2: Emissions Trends and Drivers]. In IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.004</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì gbára lé ìrì omi (water vapor) gan-an,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-30 |title=Water Vapor |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/global-maps/MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> ìtújáde ìrì omi láti ọwọ́ ènìyàn kì í ṣe olùkópa pàtàkì sí ìgbóná ayé. == Dídín Àwọn Gáàsì Ilé-gíláàsì Tí Ènìyàn Fa Kù == === Ìdínkù Ìtújáde Tó Yẹ Kí A Ṣe === [[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì àgbáyé, tó dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí bí wọ́n ṣe wà ní ọjọ́ 11/21.]] Ìròyìn Emissions Gap Report ọdọọdún ti UNEP sọ ní ọdún 2022 pé ó ṣe pàtàkì kí a fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ dín ìtújáde gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì kù sí ìdajì. “Láti wà lójú ọ̀nà tó máa jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní 1.5°C, a gbọ́dọ̀ dín ìtújáde GHG àgbáyé ọdọọdún kù ní ìdá 45 ní fífi wé àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìtújáde tó dá lórí àwọn ìlànà tó wà ní ìmúṣẹ́ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, láàárín ọdún mẹ́jọ péré, wọ́n sì gbọ́dọ̀ máa bá a lọ ní dídín kù ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn ọdún 2030, kí a lè yẹra fún lílo gbogbo àkójọpọ̀ carbon tó kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́.”<ref name="UNEP-2022">United Nations Environment Programme (2022). [https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2022 Emissions Gap Report 2022: The Closing Window — Climate crisis calls for rapid transformation of societies]. Nairobi.</ref>{{rp|xvi}}  Ìròyìn náà tún sọ pé ayé gbọ́dọ̀ dojú kọ àwọn ìyípadà tó gbòòrò tó sì kan gbogbo ètò ọrọ̀ ajé, kì í ṣe àwọn ìyípadà kéékèèké díẹ̀díẹ̀.<ref name="UNEP-2022" />{{rp|xvi}} Ní ọdún 2022, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tú Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà (Sixth Assessment Report) rẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ jáde. Ó kìlọ̀ pé ìtújáde gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì gbọ́dọ̀ dé ibi gíga jù lọ ní ọdún 2025 tàbí kí ó tó pé bẹ́ẹ̀, kí ó sì dín kù ní ìdá 43% ní ọdún 2030, kí ayé lè ní àǹfààní tó dára láti fi di ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).<ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=It's over for fossil fuels: IPCC spells out what's needed to avert climate disaster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/04/its-over-for-fossil-fuels-ipcc-spells-out-whats-needed-to-avert-climate-disaster |access-date=4 April 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=The evidence is clear: the time for action is now. We can halve emissions by 2030. |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |website=IPCC}}</ref> Tàbí gẹ́gẹ́ bí Akọ̀wé Gbogbogbò ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé, António Guterres, ṣe sọ: “Àwọn tó ń tú gáàsì jáde jù lọ gbọ́dọ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín ìtújáde wọn kù ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára láti ọdún yìí.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Ambitious Action Key to Resolving Triple Planetary Crisis of Climate Disruption, Nature Loss, Pollution, Secretary-General Says in Message for International Mother Earth Day |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21243.doc.htm |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Meetings Coverage and Press Releases}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkéde àpapọ̀ tí German Physical Society àti German Meteorological Society tẹ̀ jáde ní oṣù Kẹsán ọdún 2025, bí àwọn ìṣe tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ bá ń bá a lọ, ìwọ̀n ooru ayé lè pọ̀ sí i dé 3°C lókè ìpele ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ilé-iṣẹ́ ní ọdún 2050, àti dé 5°C ní ọdún 2100. Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì náà tẹnumọ́ pé ó ṣe pàtàkì gan-an láti fi àwọn ojútùú tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ sí ìmúṣẹ́ ní kíákíá.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Suzuki |first1=David |last2=Hanington |first2=Ian |title=German scientists issue stark climate warning |url=https://davidsuzuki.org/story/german-scientists-issue-stark-climate-warning/ |website=David Suziki Foundation |access-date=27 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scientists: 3°C by 2050, 5°C by 2100 |url=https://www.responsiblealpha.com/post/scientists-3-c-by-2050-5-c-by-2100 |website=Responsible Alpha |date=29 September 2025 |access-date=27 April 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Yíyọ Kúrò nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ Nípasẹ̀ Ìtújáde Odi (Negative Emissions) === Ọ̀pọ̀ imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ló wà tí wọ́n ń yọ àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́. Àwọn tí a ti ṣe àyẹ̀wò jù lọ ni àwọn tó ń yọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, yálà sí àwọn àpáta inú ilẹ̀ bíi bio-energy with carbon capture and storage àti carbon dioxide air capture,<ref name="RoyalSociety">{{cite web |year=2009 |title=Geoengineering the climate: science, governance and uncertainty |url=http://royalsociety.org/displaypagedoc.asp?id=35151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907031520/http://royalsociety.org/displaypagedoc.asp?id=35151 |archive-date=7 September 2009 |access-date=12 September 2009 |work=The Royal Society}}</ref> tàbí sí inú ilẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí pẹ̀lú biochar.<ref name="RoyalSociety" /> Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ nílò ìtújáde odi (negative emissions) tí ènìyàn ṣe ní ìwọ̀n ńlá kí a lè yẹra fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an.<ref>Fisher, B.S., N. Nakicenovic, K. Alfsen, J. Corfee Morlot, F. de la Chesnaye, J.-Ch. Hourcade, K. Jiang, M. Kainuma, E. La Rovere, A. Matysek, A. Rana, K. Riahi, R. Richels, S. Rose, D. van Vuuren, R. Warren, 2007: [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg3-chapter3-1.pdf Chapter 3: Issues related to mitigation in the long term context], In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg3/ Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change] [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,</ref> Wọ́n tún ń ṣe ìwádìí lórí àwọn ọ̀nà ìtújáde odi (negative emissions) fún methane tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí a ń pè ní atmospheric methane removal.removal]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=Robert B. |last2=Abernethy |first2=Sam |last3=Canadell |first3=Josep G. |last4=Cargnello |first4=Matteo |last5=Davis |first5=Steven J. |last6=Féron |first6=Sarah |last7=Fuss |first7=Sabine |last8=Heyer |first8=Alexander J. |last9=Hong |first9=Chaopeng |last10=Jones |first10=Chris D. |last11=Damon Matthews |first11=H. |last12=O'Connor |first12=Fiona M. |last13=Pisciotta |first13=Maxwell |last14=Rhoda |first14=Hannah M. |last15=de Richter |first15=Renaud |date=2021-11-15 |title=Atmospheric methane removal: a research agenda |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |language=en |volume=379 |issue=2210 |article-number=20200454 |bibcode=2021RSPTA.37900454J |doi=10.1098/rsta.2020.0454 |issn=1364-503X |pmc=8473948 |pmid=34565221}}</ref> == Ìtàn Ìṣàwárí (History of Discovery) == [[Fáìlì:19120814 Coal Consumption Affecting Climate - Rodney and Otamatea Times.jpg|thumb|Àpilẹ̀kọ ọdún 1912 yìí ṣàlàyé ní ṣókí bí sísun èédú ṣe ń mú kí carbon dioxide pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Otamatea_Times">{{cite news |date=14 August 1912 |title=Coal Consumption Affecting Climate |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5 |work=Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette |location=Warkworth, New Zealand |page=7}} Text was earlier [[:File:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg|published in ''Popular Mechanics'']], March 1912, p. 341.</ref>]] Ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ṣàwárí nípasẹ̀ ìdánwò pé N₂ àti O₂ kò gba ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi (infrared radiation) (tí wọ́n ń pè ní “dark radiation” ní àkókò yẹn), nígbà tí omi (yálà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrì omi gidi tàbí ní irú àwọn kánkán omi kéékèèké tí ń fò nínú àwọn ìkùukùu) àti CO₂ pẹ̀lú àwọn molikula gáàsì mìíràn tó ní ọ̀pọ̀ atomu (poly-atomic gaseous molecules) ń gba ìtọ́jú infurarẹẹdi.<ref name="CarbonicAcid">{{cite journal |last1=Arrhenius |first1=Svante |date=1896 |title=On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground |url=http://www.rsc.org/images/Arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf |url-status=live |journal=The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science |volume=41 |issue=251 |pages=237–276 |doi=10.1080/14786449608620846 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118065555/https://www.rsc.org/images/Arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf |archive-date=18 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arrhenius |first1=Svante |year=1897 |title=On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon the Temperature of the Ground |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |volume=9 |issue=54 |page=14 |bibcode=1897PASP....9...14A |doi=10.1086/121158 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún ogún, àwọn olùṣèwádìí mọ̀ pé àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé ga ju bí ó ṣe máa rí láìsí wọn lọ. Nils Gustaf Ekholm ni ó kọ́kọ́ lo ọ̀rọ̀ greenhouse fún ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ní ọdún 1901.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Easterbrook |first1=Steve |date=18 August 2015 |title=Who first coined the term "Greenhouse Effect"? |url=http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113131713/http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |archive-date=13 November 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015 |website=Serendipity}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ekholm N |year=1901 |title=On The Variations Of The Climate Of The Geological And Historical Past And Their Causes |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |volume=27 |pages=1–62 |bibcode=1901QJRMS..27....1E |doi=10.1002/qj.49702711702 |number=117}}</ref> Ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún ogún, ìfọ̀kànbalẹ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì (scientific consensus) bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dá sílẹ̀ pé ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa ìgbóná ayé tó pọ̀ sí i gan-an, ó sì tún ń fa àwọn ìyípadà sí àwọn apá mìíràn nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=J. |last2=Nuccitelli |first2=D. |last3=Green |first3=S.A. |last4=Richardson |first4=M. |last5=Winkler |first5=B.R. |last6=Painting |first6=R. |last7=Way |first7=R. |last8=Jacobs |first8=P. |last9=Skuce |first9=A. |year=2013 |title=Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=8 |issue=2 |article-number=024024 |bibcode=2013ERL.....8b4024C |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024 |doi-access=free}}</ref> pẹ̀lú àwọn àbájáde fún àyíká àti fún ìlera ènìyàn. == Àwọn Pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì Míì (Other Planets) == Àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì wà nínú ọ̀pọ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ àwọn pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì, wọ́n sì ń fa ipa ilé-gíláàsì lórí Mars, Titan, àti ní pàtàkì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tó nipọn gan-an ti Venus.<ref>{{cite web |author=Eddie Schwieterman |title=Comparing the Greenhouse Effect on Earth, Mars, Venus, and Titan: Present Day and through Time |url=http://www.astro.washington.edu/users/eschwiet/essays/greenhouse_ASTR555.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130202450/http://www.astro.washington.edu/users/eschwiet/essays/greenhouse_ASTR555.pdf |archive-date=30 January 2015}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a ti ṣàpèjúwe Venus gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde tó ga jù lọ ti runaway greenhouse effect, irú ìlànà bẹ́ẹ̀ kò ní láǹfààní púpọ̀ láti ṣẹlẹ̀ lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé nítorí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì tí ènìyàn fa,<ref name="IPCC2009">{{cite report |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/inf3-6.pdf |title=Scoping of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report Cross Cutting Issues |work=Thirty-first Session of the IPCC Bali, 26–29 October 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109215503/http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings/session31/inf3.pdf |archive-date=9 November 2009 |access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref> nítorí pé ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn kò tíì lágbára tó, ó sì ṣeé ṣe kí ó ní láti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí ọ̀pọ̀ ìdá mẹ́wàá (some tens of percents), èyí tí yóò gba nǹkan bí ọdún bílíọ̀nù díẹ̀.<ref name="Hansen et al 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Hansen |first1=James |first2=Makiko |last2=Sato |first3=Gary |last3=Russell |first4=Pushker |last4=Kharecha |date=2013 |title=Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide |journal= Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |volume=371 |issue=2001 |at=20120294 |bibcode=2013RSPTA.37120294H |doi=10.1098/rsta.2012.0294 |pmid=24043864 |pmc=3785813|arxiv=1211.4846 }}</ref> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == <references /> 4vfeg21p9cmrg9p0kvvormsn4pd47rq Ọgbẹ Aoyate 0 80592 632091 623044 2026-08-19T17:43:02Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ọ̀dá Aoyate''' jẹ́ ọ̀dá ojú ọjọ́ líle koko tí gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà Turkana ṣe kan ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè Àfonífojì Rípì ti Kenya ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún mejidinlogun tàbí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún 19.<ref name="lamphear">{{cite journal|last=Lamphear|first=John|date=1988|title=The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1988_29_1/page/32|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=29|issue=1|pages=32–33|doi=10.1017/S0021853700035970|jstor=182237}}</ref><ref name="James Currey Publishers">{{cite book|last1=Fukui|first1=Katsuyoshi|last2=Markakis|first2=John|date=1994|title=Ethnicity & Conflict in the Horn of Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicityconflic00kats|url-access=registration|location=Oxford|publisher=James Currey Publishers|page=[https://archive.org/details/ethnicityconflic00kats/page/67 67]|isbn=9780852552254}}</ref> Onírúurú ìtàn, àkọsílẹ̀ àti ìròyìn tọ́ka sí àkókò gbígbẹ gígùn kan tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1800. Ó dàbí pé ó dé ògógóró pẹ̀lú àkókò gbígbẹ gidigidi ní àárín ọdún 1830. Èyí yóò bá ìsọ̀rọ̀ Krapf (1860) nípa “ìyàn ńlá kan ní ọdún 1836” mu. <ref>{{Cite book|date=1860|title=Travels, researches, and missionary labours, during an eighteen–year residence in Eastern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsresearch00ravegoog|location=London}}</ref> Ní agbègbè Ethiopia tó wà nítòsí, àwọn ìròyìn nípa ìyàn ńlá kan wáyé ní ọdún 1829 àti 1835. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016|title="Dust people": Samburu perspectives on disaster, identity, and landscape}}</ref> == Sísọ orúkọ == Ọ̀rọ̀ náà aoyate wá láti èdè Turkana, ó sì túmọ̀ sí ìgbà gbígbẹ gígùn. Ọ̀rọ̀ náà ni Turkana lò láti ṣàpèjúwe àkókò gbígbẹ yìí nínú ìtàn wọn. <ref name="lamphear">{{Cite journal|date=1988|title=The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLamphear1988">Lamphear, John (1988). "The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana". ''The Journal of African History''. '''29''' (1): <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700035970|10.1017/S0021853700035970]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/182237 182237].</cite></ref> == Ìṣíṣẹ́ àkókò == Lamphar (1988) ṣe àkíyèsí pé àwọn ìṣirò ìgbàlódé tí a gbé ka ẹ̀ka ọjọ́-orí Turkana fihàn pé ọjọ́ kan wáyé ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún tàbí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún. Ó ṣe àkíyèsí pé àwọn àṣà ìgbàlódé tí a dámọ̀ràn nínú àtúntò ìgbàlódé ti àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní àdúgbò fihàn pé ọ̀dá náà kan ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè Àfonífojì Rift. <ref name="lamphear">{{Cite journal|date=1988|title=The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLamphear1988">Lamphear, John (1988). "The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana". ''The Journal of African History''. '''29''' (1): <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700035970|10.1017/S0021853700035970]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/182237 182237].</cite></ref> Àkọsílẹ̀ ìkún omi Odò Náílì bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọ̀rúndún keje Sànmánì Kristẹni, àtúnyẹ̀wò àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àti ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n omi ní Adágún Chad fi hàn pé ìbáṣepọ̀ wà láàárín ìtújáde omi Náílì gíga àti òjò tó pọ̀ sí i ní ìlà oòrùn Áfíríkà. Àtúnyẹ̀wò àwọn ìpele ìkún omi Náílì fi hàn pé “Ìpele Kékeré” wà fún àkókò 1800 sí 1830, èyí ni “Ìpele Kékeré” ṣáájú èyí láàárín ọdún 1725 sí 1800, lẹ́yìn náà ni “Ìpele Kékeré” kan wà tí ó wà láàrín ọdún 1830 sí 1870.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hassan|first=Fekri|title=Historical Nile Floods and their Implications for Climatic Change|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1981-06-05_212_4499/page/1142|journal=Science|volume=212|issue=4499|pages=1142–1145|jstor=1685400|year=1981|doi=10.1126/science.212.4499.1142|pmid=17815224}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí ní Ethiopia láti ọwọ́ Pankhurst fi hàn pé ìyàn ńlá kan ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọdún 1880–1881, 1835 àti ní ọdún 1829. Àwọn ìwádìí wọ̀nyí ṣe pàtàkì nítorí pé orílẹ̀-èdè Ethiopia bá agbègbè Turkana òde òní mu. Ní àkókò kan náà, àwọn òpìtàn Samburu tí Straight et al. (2016) fọ̀rọ̀ wá lẹ́nu wò sọ pé Samburu ya ara rẹ̀ kúrò nínú àwùjọ kan tí a mọ̀ sí Burkineji lẹ́yìn ọdún 1830. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Straight|first=Bilinda|title="Dust people": Samburu perspectives on disaster, identity, and landscape|journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies|volume=10|issue=1|pages=179|doi=10.1080/17531055.2016.1138638}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Samburu Laibon tí Fratkin (2011) fọ̀rọ̀ wá lẹ́nu wò, àwọn ọmọ ogun Sambur 'Il Kipkeku' jẹ́ ọmọ ogun ní àkókò nǹkan bí ọdún 1837 sí 1851. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Fratkin|first=Elliot M.|title=Laibon: An Anthropologist's Journey with Samburu Diviners of Kenya|location=Smith College}}</ref> Nítorí náà, onírúurú ìtàn, àkọsílẹ̀ àti ìròyìn tọ́ka sí àkókò gbígbẹ gígùn kan tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1800 tí ó dàbí pé ó ga jùlọ pẹ̀lú àkókò gbígbẹ gidigidi ní àárín àwọn ọdún 1830. Èyí yóò bá ìsọ̀rọ̀ Krapf (1860) nípa “ìyàn ńlá kan ní ọdún 1836” mu. <ref>{{Cite book|date=1860|title=Travels, researches, and missionary labours, during an eighteen–year residence in Eastern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsresearch00ravegoog|location=London}}</ref> == Àkọ́kọ́ Ṣáájú == Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àṣà àtọwọ́dọ́wọ́ láti onírúurú àwùjọ ní gbogbo gúúsù Áfíríkà ló tọ́ka sí i pé agbègbè náà ti ní ìrírí ìdààmú òjò láti nǹkan bí ọdún 1800 sí nǹkan bí ọdún 1830. Èyí rí ìgbẹ́ omi àwọn adágún, odò àti ìsun omi, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ Ile-iṣẹ Ila-oorun India ṣàkíyèsí ní ọdún 1820 tí ó sọ pé;  ...ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá ìsàlẹ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè náà, àwọn ìsun omi àti àwọn odò ń gbẹ, òjò ọdọọdún sì ń dínkù sí i, tí kò sì wọ́pọ̀. Arìnrìn-àjò sábà máa ń pàdé àwọn ilé àti oko tí àwọn onílé wọn ti kọ̀ sílẹ̀ nítorí àìsí omi tí wọ́n ń gbádùn tẹ́lẹ̀. — A tọ́ka sí i nínú ìwé Clifton Crais, Ìṣẹ́, Ogun, àti Ìwà Ipá ní Gúúsù Áfíríkà[9] == Àwọn ipa ọ̀dá òjò == === Agbara gbigbe ẹran ọ̀sìn dínkù === Ọ̀dá náà pa àwọn agbo ẹran Chemwal run, tí a rò pé wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ẹranko Sanga tí wọ́n ní ikùn ọrùn, èyí sì yọrí sí ìfọ́pọ̀ àwùjọ náà. <ref name="James Currey Publishers">{{Cite book|last1=Fukui|first1=Katsuyoshi|last2=Markakis|first2=John|date=1994|title=Ethnicity & Conflict in the Horn of Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicityconflic00kats|location=Oxford|publisher=James Currey Publishers|page=[https://archive.org/details/ethnicityconflic00kats/page/67 67]|isbn=9780852552254}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFukuiMarkakis1994">Fukui, Katsuyoshi; Markakis, John (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:ethnicityconflic00kats|''Ethnicity & Conflict in the Horn of Africa'']]</span>. Oxford: James Currey Publishers. p.&nbsp;[[iarchive:ethnicityconflic00kats/page/67|67]]. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780852552254|<bdi>9780852552254</bdi>]].</cite></ref> === Ìyàn === Ìtàn àròsọ Sengwer sọ pé, “Ó gbẹ, ebi sì pọ̀ gan-an. Àwọn ará Siger lọ sí ìlà-oòrùn sí Moru Eris, níbi tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn kú nítorí ooru àti ebi. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ kú débi pé ibì kan ṣì wà níbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní Kabosan (ibi tí ó ti bàjẹ́)”. <ref name="lamphear">{{Cite journal|last=Lamphear|first=John|title=The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=29|issue=1|pages=32–33|doi=10.1017/S0021853700035970|jstor=182237}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLamphear1988">Lamphear, John (1988). "The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana". ''The Journal of African History''. '''29''' (1): <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700035970|10.1017/S0021853700035970]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/182237 182237].</cite></ref> === Ogun === Ogun ńlá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láàrín Turkana àti Chemwal. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ jagunjagun Turkana fipá mú àwọn Chemwalin kan lọ sí àríwá sí orí Adágún Turkana níbi tí wọ́n ti dá apá Inkabelo ti àwùjọ Dassanech tó ń dàgbàsókè sílẹ̀. Àwọn Chemwalin mìíràn ni wọ́n tì padà sí orí òkè Suk, sí gúúsù láti jẹ́ kí Chok fi wọ́n sílẹ̀, èyí sì mú kí ìdílé Kachepkai tó ṣe pàtàkì ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀ dìde, nígbà tí àwọn mìíràn sì di ti Turkana níbi tí àwọn kan di ìdílé tuntun tí a mọ̀ sí Siger. Àwọn Turkana tó ṣẹ́gun gba ilẹ̀ ìjẹko àti omi Moru Assiger. === Ìṣíkiri ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn === Àwọn Chemwalin mìíràn ní láti fi àwọn ilé wọn tí ó wà ní òkè ńlá sílẹ̀, wọ́n sì sá lọ sí ìlà-oòrùn níbi tí wọ́n ti rí i pé ilẹ̀ gbẹ gan-an, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sì kú. <ref name="lamphear">{{Cite journal|last=Lamphear|first=John|date=1988|title=The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1988_29_1/page/32|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=29|issue=1|pages=32–33|doi=10.1017/S0021853700035970|jstor=182237}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLamphear1988">Lamphear, John (1988). "The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana". ''The Journal of African History''. '''29''' (1): <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700035970|10.1017/S0021853700035970]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/182237 182237].</cite></ref> == Àbájáde == Àwọn Aoyate ba ẹ̀mí àti ìgbésí ayé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn olùgbé agbègbè afonífojì Rift je. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]] geil2gpgoezs5jdvo8p3r4cpwdh1gvy Abojuto Ogbele ti Amẹrika 0 80617 632024 623114 2026-08-19T15:29:01Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632024 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Abojuto Ogbele ti Amẹrika''' jẹ́ àkójọ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ó fún àwọn ògbógi láyè láti ṣe àyẹ̀wò ọ̀dá ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà. Atẹle náà kìí ṣe àjọ kan bí kò ṣe àjọṣepọ̀ láàárín Ile-iṣẹ Iyọkuro Oògùn Orilẹ-ede (NDMC) ní Yunifásítì ti Nebraska–Lincoln, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), àti Ìṣàkóso Òkun àti Afẹ́fẹ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (NOAA). Àwọn ògbógi ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ń fúnni ní ìpinnu tó dára jùlọ láti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ máàpù kan ní gbogbo ọ̀sẹ̀ tí ó ń fi ọ̀dá hàn ní gbogbo Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà. Ìsapá náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1999 gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọpọ̀ ìjọba àpapọ̀, ìpínlẹ̀, àti ẹ̀kọ́, tí ó dàgbàsókè láti inú ètò láti ọwọ́ egbẹ́ awọn Gómìnà Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn (WGA) láti pèsè ìwífún nípa ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó bá àkókò mu àti tó yéni lórí ìpèsè omi àti ọ̀dá fún àwọn olùṣètò. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Svoboda|first1=Mark|last2=LeComte|first2=Doug|last3=Hayes|first3=Mike|last4=Heim|first4=Richard|last5=Gleason|first5=Karin|last6=Angel|first6=Jim|last7=Rippey|first7=Brad|last8=Tinker|first8=Rich|last9=Palecki|first9=Mike|title=THE DROUGHT MONITOR|url=https://archive.org/details/bulletin-of-the-american-meteorological-society_2002-08_83_8/page/1181|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|date=August 2002|volume=83|issue=8|pages=1181–1190|doi=10.1175/1520-0477-83.8.1181}}</ref> <ref name="t492">{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Zhiying|last2=Smerdon|first2=Jason E.|last3=Seager|first3=Richard|last4=Siegert|first4=Noel|last5=Mankin|first5=Justin S.|title=Emergent Trends Complicate the Interpretation of the United States Drought Monitor (USDM)|journal=AGU Advances|volume=5|issue=2|date=2024|doi=10.1029/2023AV001070|url=free}}</ref> Àwọn òǹkọ̀wé tí ń yípo ni wọ́n ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò náà, wọ́n sì ní àtúnyẹ̀wò láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn onímọ̀ nípa ojú ọjọ́ 250, àwọn aṣojú ìtẹ̀síwájú, àti àwọn mìíràn káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Ní ọ̀sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀, àwọn òǹkọ̀wé náà máa ń ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò àwòrán ìṣáájú náà, wọ́n sì dá lórí òjò, òjò yìnyín, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn, àti ìròyìn àwọn olùwòye nípa bí ọ̀dá ṣe ń nípa lórí àwọn ohun ọ̀gbìn, ẹranko igbó, àti àwọn àmì mìíràn. Àwọn òǹkọ̀wé máa ń ṣe àtúnṣe àwọn ìwífún àti ìròyìn tí ó takora láti wá pẹ̀lú àwòrán tuntun ní gbogbo ọ̀sán ọjọ́rú. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n máa ń tú àwòrán náà jáde ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́rú tó tẹ̀lé e. == Wo tun == * Àwo eruku * Àtòjọ Ìbéèrè fún Ìgbóná Omi * [[Ètò Ìròyìn Ìdámọ̀ràn Ọ̀gbẹ Orílẹ̀-èdè Tí A Ṣẹ̀pọ̀]] * Àtòjọ òjò Palmer * Àtòjọ Ìṣàn Omi Tí A Déédéé * Ìwádìí ojú ọjọ́ òjò ti orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <references /> == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * {{Official website|http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu}} * [https://www.drought.gov/drought/content/products-current-drought-and-monitoring-drought-indicators/us-drought-monitor Drought Monitor summary at the U.S. Drought Portal] am1372k860sjwc2qhowp8qsi5e3qulo Afrobeat 0 80846 632080 630229 2026-08-19T17:14:16Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Irúfẹ́ orin ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà}} {{About|irúfẹ́ orin ti àwọn ọdún 1960 tí Fela Kuti bẹ̀rẹ̀|irúfẹ́ orin gbajúgbajà ti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún|Afrobeats}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}} {{Infobox music genre | name = Afrobeat | image = Sean Kuti & Egypt 80 at NH7 Weekender.jpg | alt = Seun Kuti during an Afrobeat performance | caption = [[Seun Kuti]] nígbà tí ó ń kọrin Afrobeat<ref name=":2"/> | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[West African music|Orin Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà]]|[[highlife|Háíláìfù]]|[[Yoruba music|Orin Yorùbá]]|[[funk]]|[[jazz]]|[[soul music|soul]]|[[fuji music|fújì]]}} | cultural_origins = 1960s, [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]] | instruments = {{hlist|gita béesì (Bass guitar)|[[sakara drum|ìlù ṣàkàrà]]|ìlù (drums)|gita|[[horn section|ẹ̀ka fèrè]]|[[Hammond organ]]|dùùrù (keyboards)|ohun èlò tí a ń lù (percussion)|[[Ogene|ọ̀gẹ̀nú]]|fèrè (saxophone)|[[shekere|ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀]]|ohùn (vocals)}} <ref>{{cite journal |last=Zeleza |first=Paul Tiyambe |title=Dancing to the beat of the diaspora: musical exchanges between Africa and its diasporas |journal=African and Black Diaspora|volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=211–236 |year=2010|doi=10.1080/17528631.2010.481976 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tekena |first1=Mark Gasper |last2=Ochuba |first2=Primrose |title=Fashion and music trends in the 21st century Nigeria |journal=Journal of Creative Arts, Communication and Media Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=58–90 |year=2022 |doi=10.33886/jccm.v1i1.303 }}</ref> | derivatives = {{hlist|[[Afrobeats]]}} | fusiongenres = | subgenres = | regional_scenes = {{hlist|Nàìjíríà}} | other_topics = }} '''Afrobeat''' (tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Afrofunk'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afropop Worldwide {{!}} Mark LeVine: Ghana's Afro-Funk History |url=https://afropop.org/articles/mark-levine-ghanas-afro-funk-history |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Afropop Worldwide |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Return to the shrine : Fela Kuti's legacy inspires an Afro-funk revival |url=https://d.lib.msu.edu/graa/236 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=d.lib.msu.edu |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510222622/https://d.lib.msu.edu/graa/236 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>) jẹ́ irúfẹ́ [[music genre|orin kan]] láti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà, tí ó da ipa orin Nàìjíríà (gẹ́gẹ́ bíi [[Yoruba music|orin Yorùbá]]) àti ti Gánà (gẹ́gẹ́ bíi [[highlife]]) pọ̀<ref>{{cite journal |last=Okyere |first=Kingsley K. |year=2024 |title=Ghanaianisms, Nigerianisms, and Afrobeats' Sonic Aesthetics |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=19–29 |doi=10.1080/00064246.2024.2364572}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Christopher A. |title=The Garland Handbook of African Music |publisher=Routledge |year=2010 |editor= |pages=198–215 |chapter=Yoruba popular music}}</ref> mọ́ àwọn orin Amẹ́ríkà bíi [[funk]], [[jazz]], àti [[Soul music|soul]].<ref name="r1">{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=Alexander |year=2013 |title=Make it funky: Fela Kuti, James Brown and the invention of Afrobeat |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-studies_2013_52_4/page/99 |journal=American Studies |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=99–118 |doi=10.1353/ams.2013.0124}}</ref><ref name="masterclass">{{cite web |last1=Staff |title=Guide to Afrobeat Music: A Brief History of Afrobeat |url=https://www.masterclass.com/articles/afrobeat-music-guide#a-brief-history-of-afrobeat |website=Masterclass |date=16 July 2021|access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú àfiyèsí lórí kíkọrin léraléra, àwọn ríhídímì dídíjú tí ó wé mọ́ra, àti àwọn ohun èlò tí a ń lù,<ref name=":0">Grass, Randall F. "Fela AnikulaThe Art of an Afrobeat Rebel". ''The Drama Review''. MIT Press. 30: 131–148.</ref> aṣáwájú tó gbé ọ̀nà orin yìí jáde ní àwọn ọdún 1960 ni ọmọ Nàìjíríà tó mọ oríṣiríṣi ohun èlò tẹ̀, tó sì tún jẹ́ aṣáwájú ẹgbẹ́ orin rẹ̀, [[Fela Kuti]], ẹni tí ó sọ ọ́ di gbajúgbajà nínú àti níta Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tí òkìkí rẹ̀ kàn jùlọ, wọ́n pè é ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn "olórin Áfíríkà tó gbójúgbóyà tó sì fani mọ́ra jùlọ." Ohun tó yàtọ̀ sí Afrobeat ni [[Afrobeats]], èyí tí í ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìró orin tí ó sẹ̀yọ láti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Èyí gba ipa látara onírúurú nǹkan, ó sì jẹ́ àdàlù àwọn irúfẹ́ orin bíi [[British hip hop|hip hop]], [[house music|house]], [[Jùjú music|jùjú]], [[ndombolo]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Soca music|soca]], àti [[dancehall]].<ref>{{cite web |first1=Laura |last1=Khamis |title=8 Afrobeats collaborations linking the UK with Africa |date=October 2019 |url=https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/best-afrobeats-collaborations |publisher=Red Bull |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013140730/https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/best-afrobeats-collaborations |archive-date=13 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Scher |first1=Robin |date=6 August 2015 |title=Afrobeat(s): The Difference a Letter Makes |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/afrobeat-versus-afrobeats_b_7948054 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025025501/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/afrobeat-versus-afrobeats_b_7948054 |archive-date=25 October 2019 |access-date=2019-07-27 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref><ref name="The Fader 22">{{cite magazine |last1=Starling |first1=Lakin |title=10 Ghanaian Afrobeats Artists You Need To Know |url=http://www.thefader.com/2015/07/27/ghanaian-afrobeats-artists-you-need-to-know |url-status=live |magazine=The Fader |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604054839/http://www.thefader.com/2015/07/27/ghanaian-afrobeats-artists-you-need-to-know |archive-date=4 June 2017 |access-date=15 May 2017}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://djbooth.net/features/2017-02-06-mr-eazi-interview|title=WizKid Affiliate Mr Eazi's Journey From Tech Startup to Afrobeats Stardom|last=Phillips|first=Yoh|website=DJBooth|language=en|access-date=2019-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412135027/https://djbooth.net/features/2017-02-06-mr-eazi-interview|archive-date=12 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-conversation-with-the-queen-of-afrobeats-tiwa-savage_b_59c3ff70e4b0ffc2dedb5bdb|title=A Conversation with the Queen of Afrobeats: Tiwa Savage|last1=Khan|first1=Ahmad|date=21 September 2017|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jun/23/d-banj-interview-nigerian-music-star|title=I'm with D'Banj|last=Smith|first=Caspar Llewellyn|date=23 June 2012|work=[[The Observer]]|access-date=2019-08-24|language=en-GB|issn=0029-7712|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824003742/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jun/23/d-banj-interview-nigerian-music-star|archive-date=24 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn irúfẹ́ orin méjèèjì yìí, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n sábà máa ń da orúkọ wọn pọ̀, kì í ṣe nǹkan kan náà.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="The Fader 22" /> == Ìtàn == [[File:Fela Kuti (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Fela Kuti]]]] Afrobeat bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dàgbà ní [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]] ní ìparí àwọn ọdún 1960 láti ọwọ́ [[Fela Kuti]], ẹni tí, pẹ̀lú onílù rẹ̀ [[Tony Allen (musician)|Tony Allen]], dán onírúurú àwọn orin ìgbà náà wò. Afrobeat gba ipa látara àdàlù onírúurú orin bíi [[highlife]], [[Fuji music|fújì]], àti [[Jùjú music|jùjú]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jumi |first=Ademola |date=12 January 2025 |title=Importants of Afrobeat music in Africa Continent |url=https://naijapickup.com/mp3-music/genre/afrobeats/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Nigerian pickup |language=en-US |archive-date=16 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216084557/https://www.naijapickup.com/mp3-music/genre/afrobeats/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà ìkọrin, ríhídímì, àti èlò orin [[Yoruba music|ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dosunmu |first=Oyebade Ajibola |title=Afrobeat, Fela and beyond : scenes, style and ideology |year=2010 |oclc=933924342}}</ref> Ní ìparí àwọn ọdún 1950, Kuti fi [[Lagos|Èkó]] sílẹ̀ láti lọ kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní ilẹ̀ òkèèrè ní London School of Music, níbi tí ó ti kọ́ bí a ṣe ń tẹ dùùrù (piano)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-05 |title=Piano {{!}} Definition, History, Types, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/piano |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> àti ìlù lílù<ref>{{Cite web |title=Percussion {{!}} Therapy, Treatment & Diagnosis {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/percussion |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> tí ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí orin jazz. Kuti padà sí Èkó, ó sì tẹ orin àdàlù highlife àti jazz, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ rí owó kankan ṣe nínú rẹ̀.<ref name=":0" /> Ní ọdún 1969, Kuti àti ẹgbẹ́ orin rẹ̀ rin ìrìn-àjò lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà, wọ́n sì pàdé obìnrin kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Sandra Smith, akọrin àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ [[Black Panther Party]] tẹ́lẹ̀. Sandra Smith (tí a mọ̀ sí Sandra Izsadore tàbí Sandra Akanke Isidore báyìí) ṣí Kuti létí nipa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́-ọmọ-ènìyàn bíi [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Angela Davis]], [[Jesse Jackson]], àti ẹni tí ó ní ipa jùlọ lórí rẹ̀, [[Malcolm X]].<ref name=":1" /> Bí Kuti ṣe nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí ìṣèlú àwọn aláwọ̀-dúdú Amẹ́ríkà, Smith fi ṣe iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ láti máa sọ àwọn nǹkan tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́ fún un; ní ẹ̀san, Kuti náà ń kọ́ ọ nipa àṣà Áfíríkà. Níwọ̀n bí Kuti ti ń gbé ní ilé Smith tí wọ́n sì ń lo àkókò púpọ̀ pọ̀, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tún àgbéyẹ̀wò irúfẹ́ orin rẹ̀ ṣe. Nígbà náà ni Kuti rí i pé òun kì í kọ orin Áfíríkà. Látọjọ́ náà lọ, Kuti yí ìró orin rẹ̀ padà, títí kan ìhìn-iṣẹ́ tó wà lẹ́yìn orin rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stewart|first=Alexander|date=2013|title=Make It Funky: Fela Kuti, James Brown and the Invention of Afrobeat|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/528297|url-status=live|journal=American Studies|volume=52|issue=4|pages=99–118|doi=10.1353/ams.2013.0124|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024035654/http://muse.jhu.edu/article/528297|archive-date=24 October 2018|access-date=23 October 2018|via=Project MUSE|s2cid=145682238|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Nígbà tí ó dé Nàìjíríà, Kuti tún yí orúkọ ẹgbẹ́ orin rẹ̀ padà sí "[[Africa '70 (band)|Africa '70]]". Ìró orin tuntun yìí fẹhàn láti ilé-ìgbafẹ́ kan tí ó dá sílẹ̀ tí ń jẹ́ [[Afrika Shrine]]. Ẹgbẹ́ náà wà ní Afrika Shrine fún ọdún márùn-ún gbáko láti ọdún 1970 sí 1975 nígbà tí Afrobeat ń gbilẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́ Nàìjíríà.<ref name=":1" /> Ẹlòmíràn tó tún ní ipa ni Ray Stephen Oche, olórin ọmọ Nàìjíríà kan tí ó ń rìn-àjò kíkọrin láti Paris, ilẹ̀ Faransé, pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ orin Matumbo rẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún 1970. Ìdí tí wọ́n fi sọ ọ́ ní orúkọ yìí ni láti fi ya orin Fela Kuti sọ́tọ̀ kúrò nínú orin [[soul music|soul]] ti àwọn olórin Amẹ́ríkà bíi [[James Brown]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/october-22nd/fela-kuti-coined-afrobeat-in-accra-out-of-hate-for-james-brown-prof-john-collins.php |title=Ghana News – Fela Kuti coined Afrobeat in Accra out of hate for James Brown – Prof John Collins |access-date=13 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422142458/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/october-22nd/fela-kuti-coined-afrobeat-in-accra-out-of-hate-for-james-brown-prof-john-collins.php |archive-date=22 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ohun tó gbilẹ̀ nínú orin rẹ̀ àti ti [[Lagbaja]] ni àwọn ohùn àti ríhídímì ìbílẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, dída àwọn ohun tó yàtọ̀ síra pọ̀, ṣíṣe wọn ní ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé, àti fífi ọgbọ́n àdáṣe kọ wọ́n (improvisation). Ìṣèlú ṣe pàtàkì púpọ̀ nínú Afrobeat nítorí pé Kuti ń lo fífi àwùjọ ṣàlàyé (social criticism) láti la ọ̀nà fún ìyípadà. A lè ṣe àpèjúwe ìhìn-iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tó máa ń fa ìjà àti àríyànjiyàn, èyí tó bá ojú-ọjọ́ ìṣèlú púpọ̀ nínú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà ní àwọn ọdún 1970 mu, níwọ̀n bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn ti ń dojúkọ àìṣòdodo nínú ìṣèlú àti ìwà ìbàjẹ́ àwọn ológun nígbà tí wọ́n ń bọ̀ lọ́wọ́ ìṣàkóso ìmúnisìn bọ́ sí ìjọba ara-ẹni. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ orin ló bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lo ọ̀nà ìkọrin yìí bí ó ṣe ń tàn kálẹ̀ jálẹ̀ kọ́ńtínẹ́ǹtì Áfíríkà. Àwọn áwò-orin àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí kì í sábà jade tàbí jẹ́ gbígbọ́ níta àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n a lè rí púpọ̀ nínú wọn báyìí lára àwọn àwo-orin àkójọpọ̀ (compilation albums) àti àwọn CD ní ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ilé-ìtajà àwo-orin tó ṣàrà ọ̀tọ̀.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} == Ipa rẹ̀ == Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olórin [[jazz]] ni Afrobeat ti ní ipa lórí wọn. Láti orí [[Roy Ayers]] ní àwọn ọdún 1970 sí [[Randy Weston]] ní àwọn ọdún 1990, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àjùmọ̀ṣiṣẹ́ ló ti wáyé tí ó mú àwọn àwo-orin bíi ''Africa: Centre of the World'' wá láti ọwọ́ Roy Ayers, tí wọ́n gbé jáde lábẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ [[Polydor Records|Polydore]] ní ọdún 1981. Ní ọdún 1994, [[Branford Marsalis]], atẹ-fèrè jazz ọmọ Amẹ́ríkà, lo àwọn apá kan nínú orin Fela "Beasts of No Nation" sínú àwo-orin rẹ̀ ''[[Buckshot LeFonque (album)|Buckshot LeFonque]]''. Afrobeat tún ti ní ipa kíkún lórí àwọn aṣàgbéjáde àti olórin ìgbàlódé mìíràn, gẹ́gẹ́ bíi [[Brian Eno]] àti [[David Byrne]], àwọn tí wọ́n ka Fela Kuti gẹ́gẹ́ bí orísun ìmísí pàtàkì fún ẹ̀bùn ìṣẹ̀dá wọn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8140025/Brian-Eno-Felas-music-will-live-on-through-his-son.html |title=Brian Eno: Fela's music will live on through his son |date=17 November 2010 |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405090515/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8140025/Brian-Eno-Felas-music-will-live-on-through-his-son.html |archive-date=5 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Àwọn méjèèjì ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwo-orin ẹgbẹ́ [[Talking Heads]] ti ọdún 1980 tí a yìn púpọ̀ ''[[Remain in Light]]'', èyí tó mú ipa ríhídímì Afrobeat wọ inú orin àwọn òyìnbó aláwọ̀-funfun (Western music). Àwọn ìran DJ àti olórin tuntun ti àwọn ọdún 2000 tí wọ́n nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn orin Kuti àti àwọn orin àtijọ́ mìíràn ti ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àti [[remix|àtúndà]] àwọn orin wọ̀nyí, nítorí náà wọ́n tún ń gbé irúfẹ́ orin náà wá fún àwọn ìran olùgbọ́ tuntun àti àwọn olùfẹ́ [[Afro pop music|afropop]] àti [[Groove (music)|groove]]. Ní ìparí àwọn ọdún 1990 àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 2000, àwùjọ Afrobeat kékeré kan bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní [[Brooklyn]], New York, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́-ọwọ́ títí kan [[Antibalas]], [[The Daktaris]] àti [[Kokolo Afrobeat Orchestra]]. Láti ìgbà náà, àwọn olórin mìíràn bíi [[Zongo Junction]] ti jáde síta. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn mìíràn ti sọ pé Afrobeat ló fún àwọn ní ìmísí, bíi àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tí ó súnmọ́ Daptone Records: [[The Budos Band]] àti [[El Michels Affair]]. Ẹ̀ka fífọn-fèrè (horn section) ti Antibalas ti kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórin àlejò nínú àwo-orin ẹgbẹ́ [[TV on the Radio]] ti ọdún 2008 tí a yìn púpọ̀ ''[[Dear Science]]'', bákan náà nínú àwo-orin ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì [[Foals (band)|Foals]] ti ọdún 2008 ''[[Antidotes (album)|Antidotes]]''. Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ míràn ni Val Veneto, Radio Bantu, Tam Tam Afrobeat, Combo Makabro, Marabunta Orquesta, Minga!, Antropofonica, Guanabana Afrobeat Orquesta, El Gran Capitan, Morbo y Mambo, Luka Afrobeat Orquesta tàbí NikiLauda. A tún lè rí àmì ipa Afrobeat nínú orin àwọn bíi [[Vampire Weekend]] àti [[Paul Simon]]. Ní ọdún 2020, wọ́n yan Antibalas fún ẹ̀bùn [[Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 February 2021|title=Meet The First-Time GRAMMY Nominee: Antibalas|url=https://www.grammy.com/news/antibalas-fu-chronicles-interview-meet-first-time-grammy-nominee|access-date=2021-03-28|website=GRAMMY.com|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn olórin Afrobeat ti àwọn ọdún 2000 àti òde-òní ń tẹ̀síwájú láti tẹ̀lé ìṣísẹ̀ Fela Kuti. Díẹ̀ nínú àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn olórin wọ̀nyí ni àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ [[Femi Kuti]] àti [[Seun Kuti]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Den Geist des Vaters beschworen: Der Saxofonist Seun Kuti zeigt in Berlin, wie lebendig der Sound seines Vaters Fela Kuti, des Funk-Großmeisters aus Nigeria, bis heute ist |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] |date=1 July 2011 |url=https://www.taz.de/1/leben/musik/artikel/1/den-geist-des-vaters-beschworen/}}</ref> [[Franck Biyong & Massak]] (láti Cameroon), London Afrobeat Collective (láti Lọ́ndọ̀nù, UK), [[Segun Damisa & the Afro-beat Crusaders]], [[Shaolin Afronauts]] (láti Adelaide, Australia), [[Newen Afrobeat]] (láti Santiago, Chile), Lagos to Longbenton (tí ó dájókòó sí Newcastle, UK),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/lagostolongbenton/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> Eddy Taylor & the Heartphones (láti Cologne, Jẹ́mánì), [[Bantucrew]], Albinoid Afrobeat Orchestra / Albinoid Sound System (láti Strasbourg, Faransé), Underground System / Underground System Afrobeat (láti Brooklyn, New York), Abayomy Afrobeat Orquestra, Chicago Afrobeat Orchestra, Warsaw Afrobeat Orchestra, Karl Hector & the Malcouns (láti Munich, Jẹ́mánì), Ojibo Afrobeat (láti Vilnius, Lithuania), [[Afrodizz]] àti [[Dele Sosimi]] pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ex-Africa '70 rí bíi [[Oghene Kologbo]] (alùgìtá) pẹ̀lú [[Afrobeat Academy]], Nicholas Addo-Nettey (alùlù), ẹni tí a tún mọ̀ sí Pax Nicholas, pẹ̀lú [[Ridimtaksi]] (àwọn méjèèjì bẹ̀bẹ̀ ní Berlin, Jẹ́mánì). Olórin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Namibia [[EES (rapper)|EES]] (Eric Sell) da Afrobeat pọ̀ mọ́ [[reggae]] àti [[kwaito]]. Ní ọdún 2009, ilé-iṣẹ́ agbórin-sílẹ̀ [[Knitting Factory Records]] (KFR) ṣètò eré-oníṣẹ́ orin [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] náà ''[[Fela!]]'' Ìtàn náà ṣe àfihàn "ìgboyà àti iṣẹ́ ọnà orin alárà-ọ̀tọ̀" ti Kuti pẹ̀lú ìtàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Eré náà gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ wíwà-nínú-ìdíje mọ́kànlá (11) fún àmì-ẹ̀yẹ [[Tony Award|Tony]], wọ́n sì gba mẹ́ta fún Aṣọ tó dára jùlọ, Ìró tó dára jùlọ àti Ìjójó tó dára jùlọ (Best Choreography). ''Fela!'' wà lórí ìtàgé Broadway fún oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀dógún, ó sì gba àtìlẹ́yìn lọ́wọ́ àwọn gbajúmọ̀ bíi [[Jay-Z|Shawn "Jay-Z " Carter]] àti [[Will Smith|Will]] pẹ̀lú [[Jada Pinkett-Smith]]. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn gbajúmọ̀ ló lọ wo eré yìí, títí kan [[Denzel Washington]], Madonna, Sting, [[Spike Lee]] (ẹni tó wò ó ní ẹ̀mẹ́jọ), [[Kofi Annan]], àti [[Michelle Obama]]. [[Michelle Williams (singer)|Michelle Williams]], akọrin tẹ́lẹ̀ fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn obìnrin [[Destiny's Child]], ló kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bí Sandra Izsadore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.felaonbroadway.com/about/|title=About {{!}} FELA! On Broadway|last=Brantley|first=Ben|website=FELA! On Broadway|access-date=23 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031141557/http://www.felaonbroadway.com/about/|archive-date=31 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn olórin hip-hop oríṣiríṣi ti gbà yá tàbí lo apá kan nínú àwọn orin Fela Kuti, bíi [[Missy Elliott]], [[J. Cole]], àti [[Kanye West]], àti àwọn gbajúmọ̀ mìíràn bíi [[Beyoncé]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last2=C.J |first1=Mankaprr |last1=Conteh|first2=Nelson |date=2022-01-12 |title=How Afrobeats is Making the World Listen |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/afrobeats-global-rise-1282575/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afrobeat In Hip-Hop: The Influence On The Influential - Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/fela-kuti-afrobeat-hip-hop-samples/|first=A. Malik|last=McPherson|date=26 June 2013 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref> {{anchor|FAI}}Ọdún àjọ̀dún "Festival de Afrobeat Independiente" (FAI) máa ń wáyé déédé ní [[Buenos Aires]], níbi tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ orin agbègbè náà àti àwọn gbajúmọ̀ akọrin Afrobeat ti máa ń ṣeré. == Ẹ tún lè wo == * [[Afrobeats]] * [[Afroswing]] * [[Confusion (album)|''Confusion'' (àwo-orin)]] * [[Latin music (genre)|Orin Látìnì]] == Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} == Àwọn Ìjápọ̀ Ìta == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/music/musicdirectory/afrobeat.shtml Afrobeat (ojú-èwé BBC tí a pa mọ́)] * [http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/october-22nd/fela-kuti-coined-afrobeat-in-accra-out-of-hate-for-james-brown-prof-john-collins.php Fela Kuti coined Afrobeat in Accra out of hate for James Brown – Prof John Collins] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422142458/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/october-22nd/fela-kuti-coined-afrobeat-in-accra-out-of-hate-for-james-brown-prof-john-collins.php |date=22 April 2016 }} {{Genres of African popular music}} {{Funk}} {{Jazz}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afrobeat}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Afrobeat| ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Irúfẹ́ orin ní ọ̀rúndún ogún]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Irúfẹ́ orin ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Orin gbajúgbajà ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Fela Kuti]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Orin àwọn adúláwọ̀ òkèèrè (African diaspora)]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọ̀nà orin Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Orin Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọ̀nà orin Morocco]] 6ip8oi25bk92v3zgzk5k38d0o6y1b8q Orí Idẹ láti Ifẹ̀ 0 80851 632153 625616 2026-08-19T18:53:19Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Ère láti Ifẹ̀}} {{coord|7.4722|N|4.5556|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:GB|display=title}} {{Infobox artefact | name = Orí Idẹ láti Ifẹ̀ | image = [[File:Arte yoruba, nigeria, testa da ife, 12-15mo secolo.JPG|225px]] | image_caption = Orí Idẹ Ifẹ̀ tí wọ́n gbé sáfẹ́fẹ́ ní British Museum | material = "Idẹ" (Bronze), ṣùgbọ́n gangan ó jẹ́ [[brass|idẹ-kùdẹ̀]] | size = gíga: 35 cm <br> fífẹ̀: 12.5 cm <br> ìbú: 15 cm | weight = 5.1 kg | writing = | created = Ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá / ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún ìkẹẹdógún<ref name="BritishMuseum">{{cite web|title=Object: The Ife Head|author=British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1939-34-1|publisher=[[British Museum]]|access-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210420112912/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1939-34-1|archive-date=20 April 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> | discovered = | location = [[British Museum]], [[London|Lọ́ndọ̀nù]] | id = | registration = [http://Af1939,34.1https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E%20Af1939-34-1 Af1939,34.1] | culture = Àwọn ọmọ [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] ti ìgbà ayé àtijọ́ }} '''Orí Idẹ láti Ifẹ̀''', tàbí '''Orí Ifẹ̀''',<ref>Orúkọ tí British Museum máa ń lò</ref> jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ère idẹ-kọ́pà (copper alloy) méjìdínlógún tí wọ́n wà jáde nínú ilẹ̀ ní ọdún 1938 ní [[Ife|Ifẹ̀]], Nàìjíríà, èyí tí í ṣe olú-ìlú ẹ̀sìn àti ti ìjọba fún àwọn ọmọ [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]]. A gbàgbọ́ pé ó dúró fún ọba ([[Ọọ̀ni ti Ilé-Ifẹ̀|Ọọ̀ni]]). Ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n ṣe é ní ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá sí ìkẹẹdógún (14th-15th century CE).<ref name="BritishMuseum"/> Àwòrán rẹ̀ tó dà bí ènìyàn gangan àti ọgbọ́n iṣẹ́ ọnà rẹ̀ tó ga dojú kọ èrò àbùkù àti yẹpẹrẹ tí àwọn Òyìnbó ní nípa [[African art|iṣẹ́ ọnà ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà]]. Àwọn ìrísí tó jọ ti ẹ̀dá alààyè tí orí Ifẹ̀ yìí ní jẹ́ àrà-ọ̀tọ̀<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=BBC - A History of the World - Object : Ife head |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/Z1CgMudYTJWzpTi-TW1IAA |website=[[BBC]] |access-date=2013-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930141731/https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/Z1CgMudYTJWzpTi-TW1IAA |archive-date=2013-09-30 |language=en |date=2015-07-31 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BritishMuseum"/> àti pé ìjọra nínú ọ̀nà tí wọ́n fi ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí "fi hàn pé ayàwòrán kan ṣoṣo tàbí ilé-iṣẹ́ kan ṣoṣo ni ó ṣe wọ́n."<ref name="bbc"/> == Àpèjúwe == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí púpọ̀ nínú àwọn "[[bronze|idẹ]]" Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà, wọ́n fi [[copper|kọ́pà]] tí a dà pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn irin mìíràn ṣe ère yìí, tí British Museum ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bíi "idẹ-kùdẹ̀ oní-zínkì tó ní òjé púpọ̀ nínú rẹ̀". Ìṣe òde-òní nínú àwọn ilé ọnà àti ìmọ̀ [[archaeology|ìwalẹ̀-pìtàn]] ti ń yẹra fún lílo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi bronze tàbí brass fún àwọn ohun èlò ìtàn, wọ́n sì ń fẹ́ràn lílo ọ̀rọ̀ gbogbo-gbòò "[[copper alloy|àdàlù kọ́pà]]".<ref>The British Museum collection database "scope note" on "copper alloy", "brass" and "bronze" reads "The term copper alloy should be searched for full retrievals on objects made or bronze or brass. This is because bronze and brass have at times been used interchangeably in the old documentation, and copper alloy is the Broad Term of both. In addition, the public may refer to certain collections by their popular name, such as 'The Benin Bronzes' most of which are actually made of brass." [https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&scopeId=18864 British Museum, "Scope Note" for "copper alloy"]. Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved on 2014-05-26.</ref> Wọ́n lo [[lost wax technique|ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ dídá idẹ]] láti fi ṣe orí yìí, ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìwọ̀n ènìyàn gangan ní ìdámẹ́rin-mẹ́ta, ó sì ga ní 35 cm. Ayàwòrán náà ṣe apẹẹrẹ orí yìí ní ọ̀nà tó jọ ti ẹ̀dá alààyè gidigidi. Wọ́n fa ilà kún ojú rẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n kò sí ilà kankan ní ètè rẹ̀. Ohun ọ̀ṣọ́ orí rẹ̀ dà bíi [[Crown (headgear)|adé]] tó díjú, tí wọ́n fi onírúurú ìlẹ̀kẹ̀ onígò àti ìrùkẹ̀ ṣe. Irúfẹ́ ọ̀ṣọ́ yìí ni a máa ń rí lára àwọn orí idẹ láti Ifẹ̀.<ref name=galeria>[http://www.galerie-herrmann.com/arts/art6/Kolumnen/2007_04_Bronzen/Artikel_Hecht_engl.htm Bronzes from Ife and Benin], Peter Herrmann, Berlin, 2007, retrieved 30 November 2013</ref> Adé náà ní ògùbọ̀ lórí rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú òdòdó àti ìyẹ́ tí ó rẹ̀ díẹ̀ sẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ kan báyìí. Ojú adé náà ṣì ní àmì àwọ̀ pupa àti dúdú lára rẹ̀. Bí àwọn ère láti Ifẹ̀ àtijọ́ ṣe dà bíi ènìyàn gangan jẹ́ ohun tó ṣàrà ọ̀tọ̀ nínú iṣẹ́ ọnà Áfíríkà tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ aṣálẹ̀ Sàhárà, àti pé ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ wọ́n kà á sí ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ nínú àṣà tí ó tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ ọnà Yorùbá, nínú [[Benin art|iṣẹ́ ọnà Benin]] ti ìgbàanì àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà mìíràn. == Wíwà rẹ̀ jáde àti Mímú rẹ̀ lọ == A rí Orí Ifẹ̀ yìí ní èèṣì ní ọdún 1938 ní Agbo-ilé Wúnmọníjẹ̀, [[Ife|Ifẹ̀]], nígbà tí wọ́n ń kọ́ ilé lọ́wọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn orí [[brass|idẹ-kùdẹ̀]] àti [[copper|kọ́pà]] mẹ́rìndínlógún mìíràn, àti ìdajì òkè ti ère idẹ-kùdẹ̀ kan. Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ohun èlò tí wọ́n rí ní Agbo-ilé Wúnmọníjẹ̀ àti àwọn agbègbè tó wà nítòsí ló bọ́ sí Ilé Ọnà Orílẹ̀-èdè ní Ifẹ̀ (National Museum of Ife), ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n gbé àwọn ère díẹ̀ kúrò ní Nàìjíríà èyí tí ó wà nínú àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ilé ọnà ńláńlá báyìí. Orí Ifẹ̀ pàtó yìí ni olótùú fún ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Daily Times of Nigeria]]'', Henry Maclear Bate mú kúrò ní Nàìjíríà, ẹni tí ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó tà á fún [[National Art Collections Fund]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=National Art Collections Fund |title=Art we've helped buy |url=https://www.artfund.org/supporting-museums/art-weve-helped-buy?typeahead_artist=Yoruba+People&artist=9102 |website=Art Fund |access-date=21 June 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204559/https://www.artfund.org/supporting-museums/art-weve-helped-buy?typeahead_artist=Yoruba+People&artist=9102 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=high>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aoa/b/brass_head_with_a_crown.aspx Ife head Brass head of a ruler], British Museum highlights, retrieved 30 November 2013</ref> èyí tí ó gbé e fún [[British Museum]] lẹ́yìn náà ní ọdún 1939. Bí wọ́n ṣe rí àwọn ère yìí ló mú kí ìjọba bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣàkóso líkó àwọn ohun èlò ìtàn kúrò ní Nàìjíríà. Kí wọ́n tó kápá rẹ̀, orí yìí ti rìn dé Lọ́ndọ̀nù gba Paris kọjá àti pé wọ́n ti gbé méjì mìíràn ránṣẹ́ sí Amẹ́ríkà. Ìgbìyànjú láti dènà gbígbé wọn jáde síwájú sí i, tí [[Leo Frobenius]] rọ rùn rẹ̀, di òfin ní ọdún 1938, nígbà tí àwọn aláṣẹ ìmúnisìn (colonial authorities) ṣe gbé e kalẹ̀.<ref name=hoffman>{{cite book|editor-last=Hoffman|editor-first=Barbara T.|title=Art and cultural heritage : law, policy, and practice|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521857643|page=138|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0521857643|edition=1. publ.}}</ref> Frobenius jẹ́ ará Jẹ́mánì tó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa [[ethnologist|ẹ̀yà]] àti [[archaeologist|ìwalẹ̀-pìtàn]], ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé Yúróòpù àkọ́kọ́ tí ó nífẹ̀ẹ́ gidigidi sí iṣẹ́ ọnà Áfíríkà, pàápàá jùlọ ti Yorùbá. == Ifẹ̀ == [[File:Yoruba-bronze-head.jpg|thumb|Ìbòjú kọ́pà ti [[Yoruba culture|Yorùbá]] fún Ọba [[Obalufon Alayemore|Ọbàlùfọ̀n Keji]]; ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1300 CE; kọ́pà; gíga rẹ̀: 29.2 cm; wọ́n rí i ní [[Ife|Ifẹ̀]]; [[Ife Museum of Antiquities|Ilé Ọnà Àtijọ́ Ifẹ̀]] ([[Ife|Ifẹ̀]], Nàìjíríà)]]{{Main|Ifẹ}} A gbàgbọ́ pé Orí Ifẹ̀ jẹ́ àwòrán Ọba tí a mọ̀ sí [[Ooni of Ife|Ọọ̀ni]]. Ó ṣeé ṣe kí a ṣe é lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso Ọba [[Obalufon Alayemore|Ọbàlùfọ̀n Aláyémọrẹ̀]], ẹni tí ìbòjú kọ́pà gbajúgbajà rẹ̀ tí ó ní ìwọ̀n ènìyàn gangan tún jọ iṣẹ́ ọnà yìí. Lóde-òní láàárín àwọn Yorùbá, a mọ Ọbàlùfọ̀n gẹ́gẹ́ bí òrìṣà tí ó ń tọ́jú àwọn aṣúdẹ. Àkókò tí wọ́n ṣe iṣẹ́ yìí jẹ́ sànmánì ìbùkún fún ọ̀làjú Yorùbá, èyí tí ó tẹ̀dó lórí ìṣòwò gba orí [[River Niger|Odò Ọya]] lọ bá àwọn ènìyàn Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà. Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá ka Ifẹ̀ sí ibi tí àwọn òrìṣà wọn ti dá ẹ̀dá ènìyàn.<ref name="bbc"/> Kọ́pà tí wọ́n fi ṣe ère yìí ni a gbàgbọ́ pé ó wá láti inú eérú irin abẹ́lẹ̀ (local ores) ní Nàìjíríà, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé àkọ́kọ́ rò pé ó wá láti Àárín Yúróòpù (Central Europe), Àríwá-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Mauritania, Ilẹ̀ Ọba Byzantine (Byzantine Empire), tàbí Gúúsù Morocco. Àwọn idẹ tí wọ́n dá yìí lè jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n wòkọ́ láti ara àwọn ère amọ̀ ([[terracotta]] sculptures) ti ìgbà náà.<ref name=smith>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Robert|title=Kingdoms of the Yoruba|year=1988|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison, Wis.|isbn=0299116042|page=25|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0299116042|edition=3rd}}</ref> Àṣà tí ó ti pẹ́ ti iṣẹ́ ọnà amọ̀ tó ní irúfẹ́ àwọn àbùdá bẹ́ẹ̀ ti wà nínú àṣà náà ṣáájú ọjọ́ tí wọ́n ṣe àwọn ère irin wọ̀nyí. [[Ivory|Eyín erin]] jẹ́ ohun èlò mìíràn tí wọ́n tún máa ń lò nígbà gbogbo nínú iṣẹ́ ọnà Áfíríkà. Àṣà iṣẹ́ ọnà Ifẹ̀ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àṣà iṣẹ́ ọnà Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà, títí kan [[Bura archaeological site#Site description|Bura]] ní Niger (ọ̀rúndún 3rd CE – 10th CE), Koma ní [[Ghana]] (ọ̀rúndún 7th CE – 15th CE), [[Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu#Impact on art history|Igbo-Ukwu]] ní Nàìjíríà (ọ̀rúndún 9th CE – 10th CE), àti [[Djenné-Djenno#Terra-cotta figurines from the Inner Niger Delta region|Jenne-Jeno]] ní Mali (ọ̀rúndún 11th CE – 12th CE), èyí tí ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó gba ipa látara àṣà amọ̀ (clay [[terracotta]]) ti [[Nok culture#Sculptures|Àṣà Nok]] ní àárín Nàìjíríà.<ref name="Ramsamy">{{cite book |last1=Ramsamy |first1=Edward |last2=Elliott |first2=Carolyn M. |last3=Seybolt |first3=Peter J. |title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia |date=January 5, 2012 |publisher=SAGE Publications |page=8 |isbn=9781412981767 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&q=Koma%20Ghana}}</ref> == Ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtàn iṣẹ́ ọnà == Nígbà tí Frobenius rí àpẹẹrẹ àkọ́kọ́ ti orí tó jọ bẹ́ẹ̀, ó da òye tí àwọn Òyìnbó ní tẹ́lẹ̀ nipa ọ̀làjú Áfíríkà rú. Àwọn ògbóǹtarìgì kò fẹ́ gbàgbọ́ pé Áfíríkà ti ní ọ̀làjú tó lè ṣẹ̀dá àwọn ohun èlò iṣẹ́ ọnà tó gbayì bẹ́ẹ̀ rí. Nígbà tí ó ń gbìyànjú láti ṣàlàyé ohun tí wọ́n kà sí nǹkan àjèjì, Frobenius gbé èrò rẹ̀ kalẹ̀ pé àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gíríìsì àtijọ́ ([[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]]) tí wọ́n tẹ̀dó ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàlá BC ni wọ́n dá a.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Frank Willet|journal=The Journal of African History|title=Ife and Its Archaeology|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1960_1_2/page/231|volume=1|issue=2|year=1960|pages=231–248|doi=10.1017/s002185370000181x|s2cid=163123186 }}</ref> Ó sọ àsọyé kan, tí ó tàn kálẹ̀ púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìwé ìròyìn gbajúgbajà, pé ó ṣeé ṣe kí ẹ̀yà Gíríìsì àtijọ́ tí òun ń sọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ yìí jẹ́ orísun ìtàn àtẹnudẹ́nu nipa ọ̀làjú [[Atlantis]] tó ti ṣègbé.<ref>[http://www.freunde-afrikanischer-kultur.de/vortraege-und-artikel-bei-vdfak/83-auf-den-truemmern-von-atlantis-leo-frobenius-zwischen-forschung-und-vision.html On the ruins of Atlantis – Leo Frobenius between research and Vision (in German)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203022723/http://www.freunde-afrikanischer-kultur.de/vortraege-und-artikel-bei-vdfak/83-auf-den-truemmern-von-atlantis-leo-frobenius-zwischen-forschung-und-vision.html |date=2013-12-03 }}, freunde-afrikanischer-kultur.de, retrieved 1 December 2013</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=German Discovers Atlantis in Africa; Leo Frobenius Says Find of Bronze Poseidon Fixes Lost Continent's Place|newspaper=The New York Times|date= January 30, 1911|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/01/30/104819013.pdf|access-date=18 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=C. Hercules Read | date=March 1911| number=96|volume=18|title=Plato's "Atlantis" rediscovered|newspaper=Burlington Magazine|pages= 330–5|url=https://archive.org/stream/burlingtonmagazi18londuoft/burlingtonmagazi18londuoft_djvu.txt|access-date=18 December 2013}}</ref> A ti wá gbà báyìí pé àwọn ère wọ̀nyí dúró fún àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Áfíríkà tí ó dé ìpele gíga nínú mímú nǹkan jọ ẹ̀dá alààyè àti ẹ̀wà iṣẹ́ ọnà.<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="Ramsamy"/> Àwọn orí Ifẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ni a máa ń kà sí àṣeyọrí ńlá nínú àṣà Áfíríkà, wọ́n sì gbàgbọ́ pé ayàwòrán kan ṣoṣo ní ilé-iṣẹ́ kan ni ó dá wọn.<ref name="bbc"/> == Ipa rẹ̀ lórí àṣà òde-òní == Ìlò Orí Ifẹ̀ ti gbilẹ̀ púpọ̀ nínú àwọn àmì-ìdámọ̀ àti iṣẹ́-ìpolówó fún àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ Nàìjíríà àti àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bíi [[Obafemi Awolowo University|Fásitì Ọbáfẹ́mi Awólọ́wọ̀]] ní Ilé-Ifẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bronze Head from Ife|last=Platte|first=Editha|date=2010|publisher=British Museum Press|others=Hambolu, M. O. (Musa O.)|isbn=9780714125923|location=London|oclc=430498709}}</ref> Orí Ifẹ̀ ni àmì-ìdámọ̀ fún Idije Gbogbo Áfíríkà (All-Africa Games) ti ọdún 1973 ní Èkó.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/news_and_press/press_releases/2010/kingdom_of_ife.aspx|title=Kingdom of Ife: sculptures from West Africa|website=British Museum|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref> Orí Ifẹ̀ tí ó wà ní British Museum wà lára àfihàn ńlá ti ọdún 2010 ''Kingdom of Ife: Sculptures from West Africa'', èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[National Commission for Museums and Monuments|Àjọ Ìjọba Lórí Ilé Ọnà Nàìjíríà]] (NCMM), Ilé Ọnà fún Iṣẹ́ Ọnà Áfíríkà (Museum for African Art) ní New York, àti British Museum. Àfihàn yìí wà lára àwọn ètò tí wọ́n fi ṣèrántí ayẹyẹ ogójì ọdún òmìnira Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/news_and_press/press_releases/2010/kingdom_of_ife.aspx|title=Kingdom of Ife|website=British Museum|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-11-10}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2011 wọ́n fi Orí Ifẹ̀ kún inú ètò British Museum àti BBC ''[[A History of the World in 100 Objects]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/Z1CgMudYTJWzpTi-TW1IAA|title=BBC - A History of the World - Object : Ife head|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-11-10}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" widths="250px" heights="250px"> File:Comemoração ao Dia da Consciência Negra (37827968524).jpg|Ṣíṣe ayẹyẹ Ọjọ́ Ìmọ̀ Ẹni-Dúdú ([[Black Awareness Day]]) ní 2017 níbi Òkúta-Ìrántí [[Zumbi|Zumbi dos Palmares]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], orílẹ̀-èdè Brazil </gallery> == Ẹ tún lè wo == * [[Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu|Ìwalẹ̀-pìtàn Igbo-Ukwu]] * [[Àwọn Idẹ Benin|Idẹ Benin]] * [[Bronze Head of Queen Idia|Orí Idẹ ti Ìyá Ọba Idia]] == Ìtọ́kasí == '''Àkíyèsí''' {{reflist}} '''Ìwé kíkà síwájú''' *Suzanne Preston Blier, Art and Risk in Ancient Yoruba: Ife History, Politics, and Identity c.1300, Cambridge University Press, 2015 *John Mack (ed), Africa, Arts and Cultures, London 2005 *Editha Platte, Bronze Head from Ife, British Museum Press, 2010 * Frank Willett, The Art of Ife (CD Rom), The University of Glasgow, 2004 {{British Museum}} {{British-Museum-100|63|Hebrew astrolabe|David Vases}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Iṣẹ́ ọnà Yorùbá|Orí Ifẹ̀]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ère Áfíríkà ní British Museum]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ère idẹ ní Lọ́ndọ̀nù]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Ìbáṣepọ̀ Nàìjíríà àti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]] nnf2x81yun80iwph9eyoab5l642q0zj Richard Taverner 0 80869 632113 626022 2026-08-19T18:08:41Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English Bible translator}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}} {{Use British English|date=October 2012}} '''Richard Taverner''' (1505 – ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá Oṣù Keje, 1575 jẹ́ onkọ̀wé àti olùtúnṣe ẹ̀sìn ara Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó jẹ́ olókìkí jùlọ fún ìtumọ̀ Bíbélì rẹ̀, tí a mọ̀ sí <nowiki>'''Taverner's Bible'''. Àkọlé rẹ̀ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ''The Most Sacred Bible whiche is the holy scripture, conteyning the old and new testament, translated into English, and newly recognised with great diligence after most faythful exemplars by Rychard Taverner''</nowiki>. == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ àti iṣẹ́ re== Wọ́n bí Richard Taverner ní [[Brisley]], tó wà ní nǹkan bí ogún máìlì sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Norwich]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Jackson |editor-first=S. M. |date=1953 |chapter=Taverner, Richard |chapter-url=https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc11/encyc11.t.i.html |title=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge |publisher=Baker Book House |pages=278–279}}</ref> Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní [[Corpus Christi College, Oxford|Corpus Christi College]] àti [[Cardinal College]] ní [[University of Oxford]], lẹ́yìn náà ó gba ìyẹ̀wù gíga MA ní [[University of Cambridge]].<ref>{{acad|id=TVNR505R|name=Taverner, Richard}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1534, ó wọ [[Inner Temple]] láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa òfin. Lẹ́yìn náà, lábẹ́ ìtọ́sọ́nà [[Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex|Thomas Cromwell]], Taverner kópa gidigidi nínú ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ tó ń gbé [[English Reformation|Ìṣọ̀túnṣe Ìjọ ní Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]] lárugẹ. Èyí pẹ̀lú ìtẹ̀jáde ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ti Bíbélì ní ọdún 1539 àti ìwé àlàyé kan tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1540 pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sí [[Henry VIII of England|Ọba Henry VIII]]. Bíbélì Taverner jẹ́ àtúnṣe Bíbélì [[Matthew Bible]] ní pàtàkì. Ó ní ìmọ̀ jinlẹ̀ ní èdè [[Ancient Greek|Gíríìkì Àtijọ́]], ṣùgbọ́n ìmọ̀ rẹ̀ ní èdè Hébérù kò tó bẹ́ẹ̀, nítorí náà àwọn àtúnṣe rẹ̀ sí Májẹ̀mú Tuntun ni wọ́n kà sí ẹni tó dára ju ti Májẹ̀mú Láéláé lọ. Ní ọdún 1539, ó tún tẹ ìwé ''Proverbs or Adages by [[Desiderius Erasmus]] Gathered out of the Chiliades and Englished'' jáde, tí wọ́n tún tẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{cite journal |last=White |first=Olive B |date=December 1944 |title=Richard Taverner's Interpretation of Erasmus in Proverbes or Adagies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pmla-publications-modern-language-assoc-of-america_1944-12_59_4/page/928 |journal=Publications of the Modern Language Association |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=928–943 |doi=10.2307/459321 |jstor=459321|s2cid=170279713 }}</ref> Ìṣubú Thomas Cromwell àti pípa rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1540 dá iṣẹ́ ìkọ̀wé Taverner dúró, ó sì fi ipò rẹ̀ sínú ewu. Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kejìlá, ọdún 1541, [[Henry VIII of England|Ọba Henry VIII]] rán án sí [[Tower of London]] nítorí pé kò fi ìròyìn kan ránṣẹ́ pé [[Anne of Cleves]] lóyún ọmọ ọba lẹ́yìn ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ wọn. Kò pẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n tú ú sílẹ̀. Ó bẹ Ọba ní àforíjì, wọ́n sì tún gba á padà sí ojú rere ọba. Ní ọdún 1544, ó kópa nínú ogun ní ilẹ̀ Faransé, ó sì ra ilé-ọba [[Woodeaton|Wood Eaton]] ní Oxfordshire àti ilé kan ní [[Norbiton]], Surrey. Lábẹ́ ìjọba [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]], nígbà tí àwọn oníwàásù kéré, Taverner gba àṣẹ láti máa wàásù gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe àlùfáà. Ó tún jẹ́ [[Member of Parliament]] fún Liverpool ní ọdún 1547.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pragman |first=James H. |date=1980 |title=The Augsburg Confession in the English Reformation: Richard Taverner's Contribution |url=https://archive.org/details/sixteenth-century-journal_1980-06-25_11_3/page/75 |journal=Sixteenth Century Journal |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=75–85 |doi=10.2307/2540156 |jstor=2540156}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ alátìlẹ́yìn gíga fún Ìṣọ̀túnṣe Ìjọ, kò fẹ́ di akíkanjú tí yóò kú nítorí ìgbàgbọ́ rẹ̀. Nígbà tí [[Mary I of England|Ayaba Mary I]] di ọba ní ọdún 1553, ó kí i pẹ̀lú ''An Oration Gratulatory''. Lẹ́yìn tí ó pàdánù ipò rẹ̀ ní ààfin, ó yọ ara rẹ̀ kúrò ní ayé gbangba ní gbogbo ìjọba rẹ̀. Nígbà tí [[Elizabeth I of England|Ayaba Elizabeth I]] gún orí ìtẹ́ ní ọdún 1558, Taverner kọ lẹ́tà ìkíni sí i. Ó kọ láti gba oyè ọlọ́lá (knighthood) tí ayaba fún un, ó sì ń wàásù déédéé ní [[University Church of St Mary the Virgin|Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì St. Mary]] ní Oxford. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Justice of the Peace]] fún Oxfordshire láti ọdún 1558 títí di ikú rẹ̀, wọ́n sì tún yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[High Sheriff of Oxfordshire]] fún ọdún 1569 sí 1570.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/taverner-richard-15056-75|title = Taverner, Richard (1505/6-75), of London, Norbiton, Surr. and Wood Eaton, Oxon.|publisher = History of Parliament Online|accessdate = 28 June 2013|archive-date = 29 February 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120229044410/http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/taverner-richard-15056-75|dead-url = yes}}</ref> Richard Taverner kú ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá, oṣù Keje, ọdún 1575, wọ́n sì sin ín sínú [[chancel]] ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì tó wà ní Wood Eaton, lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Oxford. == Ìdílé re == Àgbà jù lọ lára àwọn àbúrò Richard Taverner ni [[Roger Taverner]] (ó kú ní ọdún 1572), ẹni tí ó jẹ́ amòye nínú ìwádìí ilẹ̀ àti akọ̀wé. Ọmọkùnrin kejì Richard, Peter Taverner, gbé ní [[Hexton]], Hertfordshire, ó sì bí [[John Taverner (clergyman)|John Taverner]] (1584–1638), ẹni tí ó jẹ́ alùfáà nínú Ìjọ Anglican. [[Anthony Wood (antiquary)|Anthony Wood]], ọmọ-ọmọ-ọmọ Richard Taverner, jẹ́ akọ̀wé àti amòye nínú ìtàn àwọn ohun ìgbàanì (antiquarian). ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} 378d6r1rlsndk8qv6tsh5xjqadw2sxj Five Articles of Perth 0 80878 632044 626017 2026-08-19T16:16:50Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Attempt to impose certain views}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Use British English|date=March 2018}} [[File:JamesIEngland.jpg|thumb|King [[James VI]] of [[Scotland]]]] '''Àwọn Àpilẹ̀kọ Márùn-ún ti Perth''' (Five Articles of Perth) jẹ́ ìgbìyànjú tí Ọba James VI and I ṣe láti fi mú kí Church of Scotland gba àwọn ìṣe ìjọ kan, kí ó sì lè ṣọ̀kan wọn pẹ̀lú àwọn ti Church of England.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kishlansky|first1=Mark|title=A monarchy transformed : Britain 1603-1714|date=1997|publisher=Penguin Books|location=London|isbn=978-0-14-014827-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/monarchytransfor00kish/page/130 130]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/monarchytransfor00kish/page/130}}</ref> Ìgbésẹ̀ yìí kò gbajúmọ̀ láàárín àwọn ará Scotland tí wọ́n tẹ̀lé ẹ̀kọ́ ìjọ Atúnṣe (Reformed) nípa ìjọsìn, àti àwọn tí wọ́n ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún ìṣàkóso ìjọ ti àwọn àgbà (Presbyterian polity). == Àkótán == Àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ náà béèrè pé: kí àwọn ènìyàn máa kúnlẹ̀ nígbà gbigba Holy Communion. kí a lè ṣe batisimu ní ìkọ̀kọ̀. kí a lè pín Ìjẹ Alábùkún ní ìkọ̀kọ̀ fún àwọn aláìsàn tàbí aláìlera. kí Confirmation jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìdarí bíṣọ́ọ̀bù. kí wọ́n máa pa àwọn ọjọ́ mímọ́ mọ́, nípa fífi ojúṣe lé àwọn olùṣọ́-àgùntàn láti ṣe ayẹyẹ Kérésìmesì àti Àjíǹde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reformationhistory.org/fivearticlesofperth.html|last=The Reformed Presbyterian Church|title=The Five Articles of Perth (1618)|website=Reformation History|date=2010|accessdate=9 August 2021}}</ref> == Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà == Àwọn Àpilẹ̀kọ Márùn-ún ti Perth gba ìtẹ́wọ́gbà tí ó yàtọ̀ láàárín àwọn ènìyàn.<ref name="Mackay">{{cite book |last1=Mackay |first1=P. H. R. |title=The reception given to the Five Articles of Perth |date=1977 |publisher=Scottish Church History Society |location=Edinburgh |url=https://archive.org/details/rschsv019p3mackay}}</ref> Akọ̀wé ìtàn Thomas M'Crie the younger, tó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìjọ Secession, ṣàlàyé àwọn àtakò pàtàkì sí àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ náà.<ref name="Story">{{cite book |last1=M'Crie |first1=Thomas |title=The story of the Scottish church : from the Reformation to the Disruption |date=1875 |publisher=Blackie & Son |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/scottish00mcri|pages=[https://archive.org/details/scottish00mcri/page/112/mode/2up 113]-117|author-link=Thomas M'Crie the younger}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> Àwọn míì, bí Robert Baillie, gba àwọn àtúnṣe sí ìlànà ìjọsìn náà, ó sì kọ àlàyé gígùn láti dáàbò bo àṣà kíkúnlẹ̀ nígbà Ìjẹ Alábùkún nínú ìwé tí ó pàṣípààrọ̀ pẹ̀lú David Dickson, òjíṣẹ́ ìjọ ní Irvine. Àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ náà ni General Assembly of the Church of Scotland gba pẹ̀lú àìfẹ́ ní ìpàdé tí wọ́n ṣe ní Perth ní ọdún 1618. Síbẹ̀, Parliament of Scotland kò fọwọ́ sí wọn títí di Oṣù Keje, ọdún 1621, nípasẹ̀ Articles of Perth Act 1621 (c. 1). Àwọn kan ń pe ọjọ́ náà ní Ọjọ́ Àbámẹ́ta Dúdú (Black Saturday) nítorí pé ìjì líle bá a ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ náà.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stewart|first1=Laura A. M.|title=The Political Repercussions of the Five Articles of Perth: A Reassessment of James VI and I's Religious Policies in Scotland|url=https://archive.org/details/sixteenth-century-journal_spring-2007_38_4/page/1013|journal=The Sixteenth Century Journal|date=2007|volume=38|issue=4|pages=1013–1036|doi=10.2307/20478626 |jstor=20478626 }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, òfin tó fọwọ́ sí àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ náà ni wọ́n fagilé nípasẹ̀ Confession of Faith Ratification Act 1690. Ní ọdún 1619, àwọn Pilgrims tí wọ́n wà ní ìgbèkùn ní Leiden tẹ ìwé àríyànjiyàn kan jáde tó ṣofintoto Àwọn Àpilẹ̀kọ Márùn-ún ti Perth, tí wọ́n pè ní Perth Assembly. Ìwé náà fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú kí wọ́n mú William Brewster.<ref>Vol.43 No.4, Autumn 2009, pg 4 https://soulekindred.org/resources/Documents/Newsletters/PDF-Newsletters/Vol.-43-No.-4-Autumn-2009.pdf</ref> == Àwọn ìwé fún ìkà síi == Alan R. MacDonald, "James VI and I, the Church of Scotland, and British Ecclesiastical Convergence," Historical Journal, 48 (2005), ojúewé 885–903. Laura A. M. Stewart, "'Brothers in treuth': Propaganda, Public Opinion and the Perth Articles Debate in Scotland," nínú Ralph Houlbrooke (olóòtú), James VI and I: Ideas, Authority and Government (Ashgate: Aldershot, 2006), ojúewé 151–168. Jenny Wormald, "The Headaches of Monarchy: Kingship and the Kirk in the Early Seventeenth Century," nínú Julian Goodare àti Alasdair A. MacDonald (àwọn olóòtú), Sixteenth Century Scotland: Essays in Honour of Michael Lynch (Brill: Leiden, 2008), ojúewé 367–393. {{Scottish religion}} [[Category:1618 ní Scotland]] [[Category:1621 ní Scotland]] [[Category:1618 nínú ẹ̀sìn Kristẹni]] [[Category:Ìtàn Perth, Scotland]] [[Category:Ìtàn Church of Scotland]] [[Category:James VI and I]] [[Category:Àjọṣe England àti Scotland]] [[Category:1621 nínú ẹ̀sìn Kristẹni]] [[Category:Church of Scotland]] [[Category:Ìjọ Presbyterian ní Scotland]] [[Category:Àwọn bíṣọ́ọ̀bù Akókò Ìmúpadàbọ̀ Scotland| ]] ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} itbgqyrqzifb0e5xh36zaq8hfb43mlx Raymond Delacy Adams 0 80898 632057 626006 2026-08-19T16:40:47Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American neurologist}} {{Infobox person | name = Raymond Delacy Adams |image=Raymond Delacy Adams.png | birth_date = February 13, 1911 | birth_place = [[Portland, Oregon]] | death_date = October 18, 2008 (aged 97) | death_place = [[Boston]] | alma_mater = [[University of Oregon]] | occupation = American [[Neurologist]] and [[Neuropathologist]] }} '''Raymond Delacy Adams''' (wọ́n bí i ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1911 – ó kú ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 2008)<ref name="SSDI">{{cite web|title=Raymond D Adams|url=http://www.americanancestors.org/PageDetail.aspx?recordId=112363435|work=Social Security Death Index|publisher=New England Historic Genealogical Society|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> jẹ́ onímọ̀ nípa [[Neurology|ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn àrùn ètò ara iṣan]] ará Amẹ́ríkà, onímọ̀ nípa [[Neuropathology|ẹ̀kọ́ àrùn àsopọ̀ ara iṣan]], Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Bullard fún Neuropathology ní [[Harvard Medical School]], àti olórí ẹ̀ka neurology ní [[Massachusetts General Hospital]].<ref name="HMSmem">{{cite web|title=Raymond Delacy Adams|url=http://www.fa.hms.harvard.edu/about-our-faculty/memorial-minutes/a/raymond-delacy-adams/|work=Memorial Minutes|publisher=Harvard Medical School Office for Faculty Affairs|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn àrùn ètò ara iṣan Maurice Victor, Adams kọ ìwé ''Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology'', tí ẹ̀dà rẹ̀ kejìlá jáde ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta lẹ́yìn tí ẹ̀dà àkọ́kọ́ ti tẹ̀ jáde.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ropper |first1=Allan H. |last2=Samuels |first2=Martin A. |last3=Klein |first3=Joshua P. |last4=Prasad |first4=Sashank |title=Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology |date=May 11, 2023 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |location=USA |isbn=978-1264264520 |page=5429 |edition=12 |url=https://neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3313&sectionid=276729461 |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Wọ́n bí Adams ní agbègbè tó sún mọ́ [[Portland, Oregon]]. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ William Henry Adams àti Eva Mabel Morriss. Ó gboyè nínú ẹ̀kọ́ Psychology ní [[University of Oregon]]. Ó gba ìyí M.D. rẹ̀ ní [[Duke University School of Medicine]] ní ọdún 1936.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stump|first1=Elizabeth|date=November 6, 2008|title=Leader of Modern Neurology Raymond D. Adams, MD, Dies at 97|journal=Neurology Today|volume=8|issue=21|pages=3–4|doi=10.1097/01.NT.0000342280.52429.85|s2cid=58755768}}</ref> Ní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Charles S. Kubik, olùdásílẹ̀ ilé iṣẹ́ ìwádìí neuropathology ní [[Massachusetts General Hospital]], Adams kọ ọ̀pọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ ìwádìí tó da lórí àìsàn àti ìyípadà tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú àsopọ̀ ara. Ọ̀kan lára wọn ní ọdún 1946 ṣàlàyé bí ìdìpọ̀ ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú [[basilar artery]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kubik |first1=CS |last2=Adams |first2=RD |title=Occlusion of the basilar artery - A clinical and pathological study |journal=Brain |date=1946 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=73–121 |doi=10.1093/brain/69.2.73 |pmid=20274363}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1952, wọ́n tún tẹ àpilẹ̀kọ míràn jáde tó fiwé àwọn àrùn tó ń ba aṣọ myelin jẹ́ wé ara wọn, pẹ̀lú [[multiple sclerosis]] tó le gan-an àti tó ń lọ díẹ̀díẹ̀.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=RD |last2=Kubik |first2=CS |title=The morbid anatomy of the demyelinative disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-medicine_1952-05_12_5/page/510 |journal=The American Journal of Medicine |date=1952 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=510–546 |doi=10.1016/0002-9343(52)90234-9 |pmid=14933429}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1949, pẹ̀lú Joseph Michael Foley, Adams ṣàpejuwe àìlera tí a mọ̀ sí ''negative myoclonus'',<ref>Adams RD, Foley JM. "The neurological changes in the more common types of severe liver disease". Trans American Neurology Association 1949; 74: 217–19.</ref> nígbà tí wọ́n sì dá ọ̀rọ̀ [[asterixis]] sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1953.<ref>Adams RD, Foley JM. "The neurological disorder associated with liver disease". In: Merritt HH, Hare C, eds. Metabolic and Toxic Diseases of the Nervous System (Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis, Vol 32). Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1953: 198–237.</ref> Ní ọdún 1959, Adams àti àwọn alábàáṣiṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ni wọ́n kọ́kọ́ ṣàpejuwe [[central pontine myelinolysis]],<ref>{{cite journal|author=Adams RD, Victor M, Mancall EL|title=Central pontine myelinolysis: a hitherto undescribed disease occurring in alcoholic and malnourished patients.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-medical-assoc-neurology-psychiatry_1959-02_81_2/page/n37|journal=AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry|year=1959|volume=81|issue=2|pages=154–72|doi=10.1001/archneurpsyc.1959.02340140020004|pmid=13616772}}</ref> àìsàn kan tí ó ń ba aṣọ [[myelin]] tó bo [[Axon|àwọn axon]] nínú ọpọlọ jẹ́, ṣùgbọ́n tí ó yàtọ̀ sí [[multiple sclerosis]]. Pẹ̀lú onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn àrùn ètò ara iṣan ará Ọsirélíà, [[James W. Lance|James Waldo Lance]], Adams ṣàpejuwe ''posthypoxic myoclonus'', èyí tí wọ́n tún ń pè ní [[Lance-Adams syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lance |first1=JW |last2=Adams |first2=RD |title=The syndrome of intention or action myoclonus as a sequel to [[Cardiac_arrest|hypoxic encephalopathy]] |journal=Brain |date=1963 |volume=86 |pages=111–136 |doi=10.1093/brain/86.1.111 |pmid=13928398}}</ref> Adams tún ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ pẹ̀lú onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn àrùn ètò ara iṣan ará Kánádà [[C._Miller_Fisher|Dr. C. Miller Fisher]], wọ́n sì ṣe àfikún pàtàkì sí ẹ̀kọ́ [[cerebrovascular disease]]. Ní ọdún 1964, wọ́n ṣàlàyé àìlera tí a mọ̀ sí [[transient global amnesia]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fisher |first1=CM |last2=Adams |first2=RD |title=Transient Global Amnesia |journal=Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Supplementum |date=1964 |volume=40 |issue=9 |pages=SUPPL 9:1-83 |pmid=14198929}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 1965 Adams tẹ àpilẹ̀kọ kan jáde nínú [[New England Journal of Medicine]] tó ṣàlàyé ''normal pressure hydrocephalus''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=RD |last2=Fisher |first2=CM |last3=Hakim |first3=S |last4=Ojemann |first4=RG |last5=Sweet |first5=WH |title=Symptomatic Occult Hydrocephalus with Normal Cerebrospinal-Fluid Pressure — A Treatable Syndrome |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_1965-07-15_273_3/page/117 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=1965 |volume=273 |pages=117–126 |doi=10.1056/NEJM196507152730301 |pmid=14303656}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1964, ó tún fi ìwádìí ìṣègùn àti ìwádìí àsopọ̀ ara hàn pé ''striato-nigral degeneration'' jẹ́ àìlera Parkinson tó yàtọ̀,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=RD |last2=van Bogaert |first2=L |last3=vander Eecken |first3=H |title=Striato-nigral degeneration |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neuropathology-and-experimental-neurology_1964-10_23_4/page/584 |journal=Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology |date=1964 |volume=23 |pages=584–608 |pmid=14219099}}</ref> èyí tí a ti ka sí irú [[Synucleinopathy|α-synucleinopathy]] lábẹ́ [[Multiple_system_atrophy|multiple system atrophy]]. Àpilẹ̀kọ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1965 pẹ̀lú M. Victor àti M. Cole,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Victor |first1=M |last2=Adams |first2=RD |last3=Cole |first3=M |title=The acquired (non-Wilsonian) type of chronic hepatocerebral degeneration |journal=Medicine |date=1965 |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=345–396 |doi=10.1097/00005792-196509000-00001 |pmid=5318075}}</ref> tó ṣàlàyé ipa [[Hepatic encephalopathy|ìkùnà ẹ̀dọ]] àti [[Portacaval shunt|ìyípadà ipa ẹ̀jẹ̀ tó yí ẹ̀dọ ká]] lórí ọpọlọ, ti jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn onímọ̀ ti tọ́ka sí ju ìgbà 500 lọ nínú àwọn ìwé ìwádìí ìṣègùn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Victor |first1=M |last2=Adams |first2=RD |last3=Cole |first3=M |title=The acquired (non-Wilsonian) type of chronic hepatocerebral degeneration |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=6107397257761123702 |journal=Medicine |date=1965 |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=345–396 |doi=10.1097/00005792-196509000-00001 |pmid=5318075 |access-date=June 16, 2024}}</ref> Adams kú ní [[Boston]] nítorí àwọn ìṣòro tó ṣẹlẹ̀ látàrí [[congestive heart failure]], ní ẹni ọdún mẹ́tàdínlọ́gọ́rùn-ún.<ref>{{cite web|last=Marquard|first=Bryan|title=Dr. Raymond D. Adams, 97; Mass. General neurology chief coauthored textbook|url=http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2008/10/26/dr_raymond_d_adams_97_mass_general_neurology_chief_coauthored_textbook/|work=The Boston Globe|access-date=May 19, 2011|date=October 26, 2008}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé re== Adams fẹ́ M. Elinor Clark ní ọdún 1933. Elinor jẹ́ olùkọ́ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga (high school). Ó gba ìwé ẹ̀rí M.A. nínú èdè Romansi láti University of North Carolina ní ọdún 1936, ó sì gba ìwé Ph.D. nínú èdè Romansi láti Harvard University ní ọdún 1966. Wọ́n bí ọmọ mẹ́rin. Ní ọdún 1974, Adams tún fẹ́ Maria Zabnienska Salam, dókítà tó jẹ́ amọ̀ja ní ẹ̀ka ìtọ́jú àrùn ọpọlọ àwọn ọmọ láti orílẹ̀-èdè Lẹ́bánọ́nì.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laureno |first1=Robert |title=Raymond Adams: A Life of Mind and Muscle |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=USA |isbn=9780195379082}}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} atojyufuxc3ocokim7veu9888p99jr4 Things Fall Apart 0 80942 632076 627689 2026-08-19T17:09:12Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Things Fall Apart''}} {{short description|Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọdún 1958 láti ọwọ́ Chinua Achebe}} {{about|ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà|lípé fún àwọn ìlò mìíràn|Things Fall Apart (ìṣàlàyé)}} {{Use Nigerian English|date=October 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}} {{Italic title}} {{Infobox book | name = Things Fall Apart | image = ThingsFallApart.jpg | alt = Àwòrán ẹ̀yìn ìwé pẹ̀lú àwòrán eégún tí ó bo ilé ìjọsìn abẹ́lẹ̀ mọ́lẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọkùnrin méjì tó dúró ní iwájú, àti àkọlé "Chinua Achebe" àti "Things Fall Apart" tí a kọ pẹ̀lú lẹ́tà ńlá | caption = Ẹ̀yìn ìwé fún ẹ̀dà àkọ́kọ́ | author = [[Chinua Achebe]] | audio_read_by = | cover_artist = | country = Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì | language = Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì | genre = [[Historical fiction|Ìtàn àròsọ ti ìgbàanì]] | set_in = [[Colonial Nigeria|Nàìjíríà nígbà ìmúnisìn]] | publisher = [[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] | pub_date = 17 Oṣù Kẹfà 1958 | media_type = Títẹ̀ jáde (ẹ̀yìn líle & ẹ̀yìn fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́lẹ́), [[e-book|ìwé orí-ayélujára]] | pages = 224 | awards = | isbn = | isbn_note = 9780385667838 | dewey = | congress = | followed_by = [[No Longer At Ease]] }} '''''Things Fall Apart''''' (tí ó túmọ̀ sí "'''Ohun gbogbo ti túká'''" ní èdè Yorùbá) jẹ́ [[debut novel|ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àkọ́kọ́]] ti ọdún 1958 láti ọwọ́ oǹkọ̀wé ọmọ [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]], [[Chinua Achebe]]. Ó dá lórí [[Colonial Nigeria|Nàìjíríà nígbà ìmúnisìn]], ó sì sọ ìtàn Okonkwo, olórí tó gbajúmọ̀ tí ó tẹ̀lé àṣà ìbílẹ̀ nínú ìdílé [[Igboland|Igbo]] ti Umuofia nínú ìtàn àròsọ náà, ẹni tí ó lòdì sí [[colonialism|ìmúnisìn]] àti ẹ̀sìn Krìstẹ́ni ti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀. Wọ́n kọ ọ́ nígbà tí Achebe ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní [[Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation]], àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ [[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] sì ni wọ́n kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní Lọ́ndọ̀nù ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1958. jẹ́ [[debut novel|ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àkọ́kọ́]] ti ọdún 1958 láti ọwọ́ oǹkọ̀wé ọmọ [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]], [[Chinua Achebe]]. Ó dá lórí [[Colonial Nigeria|Nàìjíríà nígbà ìmúnisìn]], ó sì sọ ìtàn Okonkwo, olórí tó gbajúmọ̀ tí ó tẹ̀lé àṣà ìbílẹ̀ nínú ìdílé [[Igboland|Igbo]] ti Umuofia nínú ìtàn àròsọ náà, ẹni tí ó lòdì sí [[colonialism|ìmúnisìn]] àti ẹ̀sìn Krìstẹ́ni ti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀. Wọ́n kọ ọ́ nígbà tí Achebe ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní [[Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation]], àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ [[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] sì ni wọ́n kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní Lọ́ndọ̀nù ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1958. Lẹ́yìn rẹ̀ ni ''[[No Longer at Ease]]'' jáde ní ọdún 1960 àti ''[[Arrow of God]]'' ní ọdún 1964, èyí tí àpapọ̀ wọn jẹ́ "African trilogy" (Ìtàn ọlọ́rọ̀-mẹ́ta ti Áfíríkà). Àkòrí ìwé náà jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n mú jáde láti inú ẹsẹ-ìwé orin ewì "[[The Second Coming (poem)|The Second Coming]]", ewì ọdún 1919 láti ọwọ́ akéwì ọmọ ilẹ̀ Ireland, [[W. B. Yeats]]. A gba ''Things Fall Apart'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí iṣẹ́ ribiribi nínú [[African literature|lítíréṣọ̀ Áfíríkà]]. Ó gba ìyìn àti òkìkí lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ lẹ́yìn títẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde, wọ́n sì ti túmọ̀ rẹ̀ sí èdè tó lé ní àádọ́ta, èyí tó sọ ọ́ di ọ̀kan lára [[list of literary works by number of translations|àwọn iṣẹ́ lítíréṣọ̀ tí a túmọ̀ jùlọ lágbàáyé]]. Ó wà lára àtòjọ ìwé ìròyìn ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' fún "Àwọn Ìwé Ìtàn Àròsọ Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Ọgọ́rùn-ún tó dára jùlọ láti ọdún 1923 sí 2005". Ìwé náà ti rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àtúntò sí eré, títí kan ''Okonkwo'', [[radio drama|eré orí rédíò]] ti ọdún 1961 láti ọwọ́ [[Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation]] àti ''Things Fall Apart'', fíìmù ọdún 1971 tí [[Princess Elizabeth of Tooro]] kópa nínú rẹ̀. == Ìtàn Nínú Ìwé == [[Okonkwo]] jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ọkùnrin ní Umuofia. Ó jẹ́ aṣájú nínú ìjàkadì àti olórí ìdílé rẹ̀. Ó gbìyànjú láti jẹ́ òdìkejì bàbá rẹ̀ Unoka, onígèsè ọ̀lẹ tí kò lè tọ́jú ìyàwó àti àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀, tó fẹ́ràn láti máa fọn fèrè àti láti máa mu ọtí ní gbogbo ìgbà. Okonkwo ṣiṣẹ́ kára láti kékeré láti kọ́ òkìkí àti ọrọ̀ fúnra rẹ̀. Nítorí ìfẹ́ àfẹ́jù fún agbára àti ìbáwí bí ọkùnrin, ó sábà máa ń lu àwọn ìyàwó àti ọmọ rẹ̀. Àwọn àgbààgbà yan Okonkwo láti jẹ́ alábòójútó Ikemefuna, ọmọkùnrin tí wọ́n gbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ètò àlàáfíà láàárín Umuofia àti ìlú mìíràn lẹ́yìn tí bàbá Ikemefuna pa obìnrin kan láti Umuofia. Ọmọkùnrin náà ń wo Okonkwo gẹ́gẹ́ bí bàbá rẹ̀ kejì. Lẹ́yìn ọdún mẹ́ta, [[oracle|òrìṣà]] Umuofia kéde pé wọ́n gbọ́dọ̀ pa ọmọ náà. Ezeudu, àgbàlagbà abúlé náà, kìlọ̀ fún Okonkwo láti yẹra fún ìpànìyàn náà, ṣùgbọ́n ó kọbi-ara sí ìkìlọ̀ náà, ó sì gbé iṣẹ́ burúkú náà ṣe, nítorí kò fẹ́ kí wọ́n rí òun bí ẹni tó jẹ́ aláìlera. Lẹ́yìn tí ó pa Ikemefuna, ìbànújẹ́ àti àlá burúkú ń kọjá lórí Okonkwo. Nígbà ìbọn-yíyìn fún ìsìnkú Ezeudu, ìbọn Okonkwo gbúmọ́ lójijì ó sì pa ọmọkùnrin Ezeudu. Wọ́n lé òun àti ìdílé rẹ̀ kúrò nílùú fún ọdún meje lọ sí ìlú ìyá rẹ̀, Mbanta, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà láti tu àwọn òrìṣà lójú. Nígbà tí Okonkwo wà ní Mbanta, ó gbọ́ pé àwọn Òyìnbó ti ń gbé ní Umuofia pẹ̀lú èrò láti mú ẹ̀sìn wọn, [[Christianity|ẹ̀sìn Krìstẹ́ni]], wá. Bí iye àwọn tó ń yípadà sí ẹ̀sìn yìí ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni agbára àwọn Òyìnbó ń pọ̀ sí i, tí wọ́n sì gbé ìjọba tuntun wọlé. Nwoye, ọmọ Okonkwo, bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ajíhìnrere náà, lẹ́yìn tí bàbá rẹ̀ lu ù nígbà ìkẹyìn, ó pinnu láti fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ kí ó lè dá gbé. Ọ̀gbẹ́ni Kiaga, ajíhìnrere ọmọ Igbo, ló ṣe ìfihàn ẹ̀sìn tuntun yìí fún Nwoye. Ní ọdún tí ó kẹ́yìn nínú ìgbèkùn rẹ̀, Okonkwo sọ fún ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ kòríkòsùn Obierika láti ta gbogbo iṣu rẹ̀ kí ó sì bẹ àwọn ọkùnrin méjì lọ́wọ̀ láti kọ́ ahéré méjì fún un kí ó lè rí ilé padà sí pẹ̀lú ìdílé rẹ̀. Ó tún ṣe àsè ńlá fún àwọn ìbátan ìyá rẹ̀. Ní dídé rẹ̀ láti Mbanta, Okonkwo bá a pé abúlé rẹ̀ ti yípadà nítorí wíwà tí àwọn Òyìnbó wà níbẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn tí onígbàgbọ́ kan ṣe ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ nípa ṣíṣí ìbòjú eégún kan tó dúró fún ẹ̀mí àwọn baba ńlá ìdílé, abúlé náà gbẹ̀san nípa wíwó ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Krìstẹ́ni àdúgbò náà lulẹ̀. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, Kọmíṣọ́nà Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ (District Commissioner) tó ń ṣojú fún ìjọba ìmúnisìn sọ Okonkwo àti àwọn olórí ìbílẹ̀ mìíràn di ẹlẹ́wọ̀n títí tí wọ́n á fi san owó ìtanràn ti igba (200) àpò [[Shell money#Africa|owó ẹyọ]]. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kọmíṣọ́nà ti pa á láṣẹ kí wọ́n fún àwọn olórí Umuofia ní ọ̀wọ̀, àwọn "òjíṣẹ́ kóòtù" tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ kọ̀ láti fún wọn ní oúnjẹ tàbí omi, wọ́n kẹ́gàn wọn, wọ́n fari wọn, wọ́n fi igi lù wọ́n, wọ́n kọ̀ fún wọn láti lọ sí ilé-ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀, wọ́n fín wọn ní pàṣán, wọ́n tún gba àádọ́ta (50) àpò owó ẹyọ pọ̀ mọ́ owó ìtanràn náà. Nítorí ìbínú, àwọn ènìyàn Umuofia kóra jọ níkẹyìn láti pinnu ohun tí wọ́n máa ṣe sí àwọn àjèjì yìí. Níwọ̀n bí Okonkwo ti jẹ́ jagunjagun àti ẹni tó dúró gbọn-in lórí títẹ̀lé àṣà àti ìṣe Umuofia, ó kórìíra ojo, ó sì fẹ́ kí wọ́n jagun. Nígbà tí àwọn òjíṣẹ́ ìjọba Òyìnbó gbìyànjú láti fòpin sí ìpàdé náà, Okonkwo bẹ́ orí olórí òjíṣẹ́ tó pàṣẹ fún àwọn ènìyàn láti fọ́nká. Nítorí pé ogunlọ́gọ̀ náà gba àwọn òjíṣẹ́ yòókù láyè láti sá, tí wọn kò sì bá Okonkwo jagun, ó wá mọ̀ nínú ìjákulẹ̀ pé àwọn ènìyàn Umuofia kò ní jagun láti dáàbò bo ara wọn tàbí ẹ̀sìn wọn. Lẹ́yìn náà, nígbà tí Kọmíṣọ́nà Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ wá sí ilé Okonkwo láti mú un lọ sí kóòtù, ó rí i pé Okonkwo ti gbẹ̀mí ara rẹ̀. Lọ́dọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀, ìwà Okonkwo yìí ti ba òkìkí àti ipò rẹ̀ jẹ́, nítorí pé ó lòdì pátápátá sí ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn ọmọ [[Igbo people|Igbo]] láti gbẹ̀mí ara ẹni. Nígbà tí Kọmíṣọ́nà àti àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀ ń múra láti sin Okonkwo, ó rò nínú ara rẹ̀ pé ikú Okonkwo yóò jẹ́ orí-ìwé tó fani mọ́ra fún ìwé tí òun ń kọ, ''The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger''. == Ìpìlẹ̀ rẹ̀ == [[File:Chinua Achebe, 1966.jpg|thumb|alt= See caption|Achebe ní [[Lagos|Èkó]], ọdún 1966; ọdún mẹ́jọ lẹ́yìn títẹ̀jáde ''Things Fall Apart'']] Lẹ́yìn ayẹyẹ ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́-gboyè láti [[University of Ibadan|Fásitì Ìbàdàn]] ní ọdún 1953, Achebe di olùkọ́ ní Ọba, [[Anambra State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra]], kí ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní [[Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation]] (NBC) ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé e. Nígbà tí ó wà ní NBC, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ ìwé-àfọwọ́kọ fún ìwé ìtàn àròsọ rẹ̀. Ó kọ ọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì nítorí ó rí i pé ìlànà tí ó wà fún kíkọ [[Igbo language|èdè Igbo]] kò bójú mu; èyí tó jẹ́ àdàlù onírúurú ẹ̀ka-èdè, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ṣe sọ ọ́ nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò ọdún 1994 kan.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brooks |first=Jerome |title=Chinua Achebe, The Art of Fiction |website=[[The Paris Review]] |date=24 June 2024 |url=https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1720/the-art-of-fiction-no-139-chinua-achebe |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1957, ó yọ apá keji àti ẹ̀kẹta ìwé-àfọwọ́kọ náà kúrò, ó jẹ́ kí ó ku ìtàn Okonkwo nìkan, tó wá di olú-ẹ̀dá ìtàn náà níkẹyìn. Ó tún ìwé náà kọ, ó sì ṣàfikún àwọn ìpínrọ̀ àti orí-ìwé tuntun.{{sfn|Ezenwa-Ohaeto|1997|p=63}} Achebe rí ìpolówó kan nínú ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[The Spectator]]'', ó sì fi ẹ̀dà ìwé-àfọwọ́kọ rẹ̀ ránṣẹ́ sí ilé-iṣẹ́ tó ń tẹ̀wé ní Lọ́ndọ̀nù nípasẹ̀ lẹ́tà ifiweranṣẹ lásán. Lẹ́yìn tí ó san owó £22 tí wọ́n bèèrè fún nípasẹ̀ ìwé-ìsanwó ifiweranṣẹ ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, kò gbọ́ nǹkankan láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ oṣù. Nígbà tí ọdún fẹ́ parí, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, Angela Beattie, tí ó fẹ́ fi ipò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ètò Ọ̀rọ̀-sísọ ní NBC sílẹ̀, ń lọ sí Lọ́ndọ̀nù fún ìsinmi ọdọọdún rẹ̀, Achebe ní kí ó bá òun wádìí ipò tí ìwé òun wà nígbà tí ó bá dé Lọ́ndọ̀nù. Lẹ́yìn ìdáwọ́rọ̀ Beattie, ilé-iṣẹ́ náà rí àwọn ìwé náà tí eruku ti bò nínú kọ́ńńnà ọ́fíìsì, wọ́n sì fi ẹ̀dà kan tí wọ́n ti tẹ̀ ránṣẹ́ sí Achebe ní Èkó.{{sfn|Ezenwa-Ohaeto|1997|p=63}} Wọ́n gbé Achebe lẹ́nu ga sí ipò Olórí Ètò Ọ̀rọ̀-sísọ ní NBC. Ní àkókò yẹn, ó fi ìwé rẹ̀ ránṣẹ́ sí aṣojú lítíréṣọ̀ ti Gilbert Phelps ní ọdún 1958.{{sfn|Ezenwa-Ohaeto|1997|p=64}} Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ ìtẹ̀wé kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú àwáwí pé àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ láti ọwọ́ àwọn oǹkọ̀wé Áfíríkà kò ní èrè owó kankan nínú. Wọ́n gbé e lọ sí ọ́fíìsì [[William Heinemann]] níkẹyìn, níbi tí wọ́n ti gbé e fún James Michie àti nípasẹ̀ rẹ̀, ó tẹ Alan Hill lọ́wọ́, onígbàmọ̀ràn lórí ìtẹ̀wé.{{sfn|Ezenwa-Ohaeto|1997|p=65}} Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde níkẹyìn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Things Fall Apart'' ní ẹ̀yìn líle ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1958 pẹ̀lú ẹ̀dà tó tò 2000. Ó gba ìyìn lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ nínú àwọn ìwé-ìròyìn orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Ezenwa-Ohaeto|1997|p=65}} == Àwọn Kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ == ''Things Fall Apart'' ṣe àfihàn [[Igbo culture|àṣà Igbo]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti sọ iyì tí àwọn ọmọ Igbo pàdánù dọ̀tun nígbà ìmúnisìn.{{sfn|Rhoads|1993|p=61}} Nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ẹ̀yà, Achebe sọ pé:{{sfn|Rhoads|1993|p=62}} {{Blockquote|Àwọn ọmọ Áfíríkà jẹ́ ènìyàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ọmọ Amẹ́ríkà, Yúróòpù, Éṣíà, àti àwọn tókù ṣe jẹ́ ènìyàn. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ''Things Fall Apart'' wáyé ní agbègbè tí púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọ Amẹ́ríkà kò mọ̀, àwọn ẹ̀dá-ìtàn inú rẹ̀ jẹ́ ènìyàn lásán tí wọ́n ń nírìírí àwọn ohun tó máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ayé gidi. Pé ó pọn dandan láti sọ èyí gan-an jẹ́ apá kan nínú ẹrù ìnira tí ìfojú-yẹpẹrẹ-wo Áfíríkà tí ó wọ́pọ̀ nínú èrò àwọn Ìwọ̀-oòrùn gbé lé wa lórí.}} Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọmọ Igbo gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tó wà ní ìyàsọ́tọ̀ nínú àṣà wọn tó fẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀. Ìlòdìsí wà láàárín onírúurú àṣà, pàápàá jùlọ àṣà Áfíríkà àti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn; fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn Òyìnbó Yúróòpù gba àwọn ọkùnrin láàyè láti ja ogun lórí ẹ̀sìn ṣùgbọ́n àṣà Igbo fàyè gbà á pé pípa ara ẹni lórí bẹ́ẹ̀ kò tọ́.{{sfn|Rhoads|1993|p=62-63}} Ó lo àwọn àṣà méjèèjì yìí láti ṣojú fún onírúurú àdàpọ̀ ẹ̀dá ènìyàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti rí i nínú Okonkwo àti Ọ̀gbẹ́ni Smith, tí àwọn méjèèjì kọ̀ láti yọ̀ǹda ẹ̀tọ́ wọn nígbà tí àṣà wọn bá dojúkọ ewu.{{sfn|Rhoads|1993|p=69}} == Ogún àti Ìrántí == {{external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?199928-1/things-fall-apart Ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò lórí àyẹyẹ àádọ́ta ọdún ''Things Fall Apart'' pẹ̀lú Achebe, ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kẹta ọdún 2008], [[C-SPAN]]}} A gba ''Things Fall Apart'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí iṣẹ́ ribiribi nínú [[English-speaking world|lítíréṣọ̀ Áfíríkà lédè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]], àti fún ìwòye lítíréṣọ̀ Áfíríkà ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn. Wọ́n ń kọ́ ọ nílùú Áfíríkà, Yúróòpù, àti Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà, níbi tí ó ti di púpọ̀ nínú kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ iṣẹ́ ìtúpalẹ̀ ti ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga. Wọ́n ti túmọ̀ rẹ̀ sí èdè tó lé ní àádọ́ta.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jilani |first=Sarah |date=8 June 2023 |title=Things Fall Apart: Chinua Achebe and the languages of African literature |url=https://theconversation.com/things-fall-apart-chinua-achebe-and-the-languages-of-african-literature-106006 |access-date=17 November 2024 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Ṣáájú títẹ̀jáde ''Things Fall Apart'', ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ nípa Áfíríkà ni àwọn [[Europeans|Òyìnbó]] kọ tí wọ́n sì ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọmọ Áfíríkà bíi ẹranko tí ó nílò ìmọ́lẹ̀ Ìwọ̀-oòrùn. Ṣùgbọ́n, ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà la ọ̀nà fún àfihàn [[African culture|àṣà Áfíríkà]] tí kì í ṣe láti ọwọ́ àwọn àjèjì; ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà ní ipa lórí àwọn oǹkọ̀wé Áfíríkà mìíràn láti kọ nǹkan nípa àwùjọ, ìtàn, àti àṣà [[History of Africa#Contemporary Africa (1935-present)|Áfíríkà ti òde-òní]].<ref name="Booker 2003, p 7">Booker (2003), p. 7.</ref> Àwọn ìtàn àròsọ àti lámèyítọ́ Achebe ń tẹ̀síwájú láti fún àwọn oǹkọ̀wé ní ìmísí káríayé. [[Hilary Mantel]], oǹkọ̀wé tó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Booker nínú àpilẹ̀kọ rẹ̀ ti ọjọ́ keje oṣù kàrún-ún ọdún 2012 nínú ''[[Newsweek]]'' sọ pé ''Things Fall Apart'' jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ márùn-ún tó wù ú jùlọ. Àwọn tó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ [[Caine Prize]] gẹ́gẹ́ bíi [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] àti [[Helon Habila]], [[Uzodinma Iweala]], àti [[Okey Ndibe]] ti sọ pé Achebe ló fún àwọn ní ìmísí. Nígbà ayẹyẹ àádọ́ta-lélẹ́wàá (60) ọdún ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà, wọ́n kà á ní [[South Bank Centre]] ní Lọ́ndọ̀nù ní ọjọ́ kẹẹdógún oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2018 láti ọwọ́ [[Femi Elufowoju Jr]], [[Adesua Etomi]], [[Lucian Msamati]], [[Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi]], [[Chibundu Onuzo]], [[Ellah Wakatama Allfrey]], [[Ben Okri]], àti [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Murua |first=James |author-link=James Murua |title=Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" at 60 celebration |website=Writing Africa |date=24 April 2018 |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/chinua-achebes-things-fall-apart-at-60-celebrated/ |access-date=6 February 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Uwisike |first=Blessing |title=Highlights from the 60th Anniversary Reading of Things Fall Apart |website=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=23 April 2018 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/04/fall-60th-anniversary-reading-london-15th-april-2018/ |access-date=6 February 2026}}</ref> Ó wà lára àtòjọ ìwé ìròyìn ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' fún ''TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Grossman |first=Lev |date=16 October 2005 |title=Is Full List one of the All-TIME 100 Best Novels? |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2005/10/16/all-time-100-novels/slide/all/ |access-date=17 November 2024 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406074522/https://entertainment.time.com/2005/10/16/all-time-100-novels/slide/all/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kàrún-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2019, [[BBC]] fi ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà sínú àtòjọ rẹ̀ fún [[BBC list of 100 'most inspiring' novels|àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọgọ́rùn-ún tó ní ipa jùlọ]].<ref name="Bbc2019-11-05"> {{cite news |date=5 November 2019 |title=100 'most inspiring' novels revealed by BBC Arts |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50302788 |access-date=10 November 2019 |publisher=[[BBC]]}} </ref> [[Britannica]] náà ṣe àkójọ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára "Àwọn Ìwé Kíkọ Tó Tóbi Jùlọ" (12 Greatest Books Ever Written).<ref>{{cite web |last=Hogeback |first=Jonathan |title=12 Novels Considered the "Greatest Book Ever Written" |website=[[Britannica]] |date=13 June 2025 |url=https://www.britannica.com/list/12-novels-considered-the-greatest-book-ever-written |access-date=6 February 2026}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2024, àjọ Open Education Data Base (OEDB) fi ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà sínú Àtòjọ Àwọn Ìwé Àádọ́ta Tó Ní Ipa Jùlọ Nínú Ìtàn.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kan |first=Toni |title='Things Fall Apart' named among 50 Most Influential Books of All Time |website=The Lagos Review |date=28 July 2024 |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/things-fall-apart-named-among-50-most-influential-books-of-all-time/ |access-date=6 February 2026}}</ref> == Àwọn Àtúntò == Wọ́n ṣe àtúntò ''Things Fall Apart'' sí [[radio drama|eré orí rédíò]], ''Okonkwo'', láti ọwọ́ [[Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation]] ní Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1961. Ó gbé òṣèré àti akéwì ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Wole Soyinka]] jáde nínú ipa àtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>Ezenwa-Ohaeto (1997). ''Chinua Achebe: A Biography'' Bloomington: Indiana University Press, p. 81. {{ISBN|0-253-33342-3}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1965, ajọ-olùgbéjáde ọmọ Nàìjíríà Francis Oladele dá ilé-iṣẹ́ Calpenny Nigeria Limited sílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ agbé-fíìmù-jáde àkọ́kọ́ ní Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn òmìnira. Ó gbé ''Things Fall Apart'' jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí fíìmù kejì rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ''[[Kongi's Harvest (film)|Kongi's Harvest]]''. Ní ọdún 1970, wọ́n sọ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà di fíìmù tó tún jẹ́ orúkọ kan náà. Fíìmù náà tún jẹ́ mímọ̀ sí ''Bullfrog In The Sun'', èyí tí olùdarí àti olùgbéjáde ọmọ Jẹ́mánì [[Hansjürgen Pohland]] ṣe pẹ̀lú àfihàn [[Princess Elizabeth of Toro]], [[Johnny Sekka]], àti [[Orlando Martins]].<ref name="Chioni-2008">{{cite journal |first=David Chioni |last=Moore |author2=Analee Heath |author3=Chinua Achebe |title=A Conversation with Chinua Achebe |journal=Transition |date=2008 |volume=100 |issue=100 |page=23 |jstor=20542537}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1987, olùdarí David Orere ṣe àtúntò ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà sínú [[television miniseries|jáwé-jùgbọ̀ ti tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] tí [[Nigerian Television Authority]] gbé sáfẹ́fẹ́. Ó ṣàfihàn [[Pete Edochie]] bí Okonkwo àti [[Justus Esiri]] bí Obierika. Àwọn mìíràn tí wọ́n tún wà nínú rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn pẹ̀lú [[Nkem Owoh]] àti [[Sam Loco Efe]]. Ní ọdún 1999, ẹgbẹ́ olórin hip-hop ti Amẹ́ríkà, [[The Roots]] gbé àwo-orin kan jáde tí wọ́n sọ ní [[Things Fall Apart (album)|orúkọ kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà]]. Ní ọdún yẹn kan náà, wọ́n ṣe eré orí-ìtàgé kan tí [[Biyi Bandele]] yípadà láti inú ìwé náà, wọ́n sì ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀ ní [[Kennedy Center]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Triplett |first=William |date=6 February 1999 |title=One-Dimensional 'Things' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1999/02/06/one-dimensional-things/39e446c0-9e2b-4ebb-83b5-2f85d9a6310f/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀sán ọdún 2024, wọ́n kéde pé àtúntò tẹlifíṣọ̀n rẹ̀ ń lọ lọ́wọ́ ní ilé-iṣẹ́ [[A24]] pẹ̀lú [[Idris Elba]] àti [[David Oyelowo]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otterson |first=Joe |date=26 September 2024 |title=Idris Elba to Star in 'Things Fall Apart' TV Series From A24, Elba's 22Summers, David Oyelowo (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/idris-elba-things-fall-apart-tv-series-a24-david-oyelowo-1236156154/ |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} == Àwọn Ìwé Ìtọ́kasí == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last=Rhoads |first=Diana Akers |title=Culture in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_1993-09_36_2/page/61 |journal=African Studies Review |volume=36 |issue=2 |date=1993 |pages=61–72 |doi=10.2307/524733 |jstor=524733}} * {{cite book |author=Ezenwa-Ohaeto |year=1997 |title=Chinua Achebe: A Biography |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington |isbn=978-0-253-33342-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1TsuHuRRn0C |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509084743/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1TsuHuRRn0C |url-status=live}} {{refend}} {{Chinua Achebe}} {{Portal bar|Nigeria|1950s|Novels}} {{Authority control}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọdún 1958]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní 1958]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ Nàìjíríà ní 1958]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àtijọ́ ti Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ Nàìjíríà lédè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ nípa Áfíríkà nígbà ìmúnisìn]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ nípa Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ láti ọwọ́ Chinua Achebe]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ìwé Heinemann]] 3zcdkklqo1lqahq0g9xxtvh5epjz8rg Artificial Organ 0 80970 632083 625963 2026-08-19T17:17:35Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Engineered organ replacement}} {{about|ẹ̀yà ara àtọwọ́dá |ìlọsíwájú ẹ̀kọ́ nípa ẹ̀yà ara|Organ culture}} {{Update|date=September 2016}} '''Artificial Organ ''' tí ògbufọ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ "Ẹ̀yà ara àtọwọ́dá" jẹ́ ẹ̀yà ara tàbí àsopọ̀ tí ènìyàn ṣe, tí a máa ń gbin sínú ara ènìyàn tàbí so pọ̀ mọ́ inú ààgọ̀ ara alààyè, láti rọ́pò ẹ̀yà ara tó ti bàjẹ́, tàbí láti ṣe ẹ̀dà ẹ̀yà ara kan kí wọ́n ba lè ṣe àríyànjiyàn tó gúnmọ́ lórí rẹ̀ kí wọ́n lè wá ìyànjú sí ìṣòro tó dé bá aláìsàn, kí aláìsàn lè yára padà máa lo ìgbésí ayé tó bójú mú ní kíákíá.<ref name="Abu-FarajHand12">{{cite book|chapter-url= of Research on Biomedical Engineering Education and Advanced Bioengineering Learning: Interdisciplinary Concepts - Volume 1| vauthors = Catapano G, Verkerke GJ |publisher=Medical Information Science Reference|year=2012|isbn=9781466601239| veditors = Abu-Faraj ZO |location=Hershey, PA|pages=60–95|chapter=Chapter 2: Artificial Organs|access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref> Kò pọn dandan kí iṣẹ́ tí àwọn ẹ̀yà ara àtọwọ́dá yẹn ń rọ́pò gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ fún dídá èmí sí nìkan, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nínú wọn ni a ṣe láti rọ́pò àwọn ẹ̀yà ara tí ó ṣe pàtàkì fún ìwàláàyè ènìyàn. Àmọ́, ẹ̀yà ara àtọwọ́dá tún lè jẹ́ èyí tí a ṣe láti mú kí ẹ̀yà ara kan ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa tàbí láti rọ́pò ẹ̀yà ara tí ó ti bàjẹ́. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, egungun tàbí àwọn isẹ́pọ̀ egungun tí a fi ń rọ́pò àwọn tí ó ti bàjẹ́, gẹ́gẹ́ bí nínú iṣẹ́ àtúnròpò ìbàdí (hip replacement), ni a tún lè kà sí ẹ̀yà ara àtọwọ́dá, nítorí pé wọ́n ń rọ́pò iṣẹ́ tí ẹ̀yà ara àdánidá ń ṣe .<ref name="GebeleinTheBasics84">{{cite book|title=Polymeric Materials and Artificial Organs|volume = 256| vauthors = Gebelein CG |publisher=American Chemical Society|year=1984|isbn=9780841208544| veditors = Gebelein CG |location=Washington, DC|pages=1–11|chapter=Chapter 1: The Basics of Artificial Organs|doi=10.1021/bk-1984-0256.ch001|series = ACS Symposium Series}}</ref><ref name="RefMD_AO">{{cite web|url=http://www.reference.md/files/D001/mD001187.html|title=Artificial Organs|date=6 June 2012|work=Reference.MD|publisher=RES, Inc|access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí òye ìtumọ̀ tí a fún un, a gbọ́dọ̀ lè fi ẹ̀rọ náà ṣiṣẹ́ láì jẹ́ pé a so ó mọ́ orísun agbára iná tí ó dúró sí ibi kan tàbí àwọn ohun èlò míì tí ó wà ní ipò kan ṣoṣo, bíi ẹ̀rọ ìdánmọ́ (filter) tàbí ẹ̀rọ tí ń ṣe ìlànà kẹ́míkà. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé ẹ̀rọ náà gbọ́dọ̀ ní agbára àti ìṣètò tó jẹ́ kí ó lè ṣiṣẹ́ ní òmìnira nínú ara ènìyàn, láì gbára lé àwọn ohun èlò ìta ní gbogbo ìgbà. Bákan náà, bí ẹ̀rọ náà bá ń nílò kí a máa gba bátìrì rẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú léraléra, tàbí kí a máa fi àwọn kẹ́míkà kún un déédéé, tàbí kí a máa fọ̀ tàbí rọ́pò àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìdánmọ́ rẹ̀ ní ìgbàkígbà, kò yẹ kí a pe irú ẹ̀rọ bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ní ẹ̀yà ara àtọwọ́dá <ref name="Tangarti98">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tang R |title=Artificial Organs |journal=BIOS |date=1998 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=119–122 |jstor=4608470 }}</ref> Nítorí náà, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ẹ̀rọ dialysis jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀rọ tó ṣe pàtàkì gidi gan-an, tí ó sì lè ṣe fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo iṣẹ́ tí kíndìnrín (kidney) ń ṣe, síbẹ̀, a kò ka irú ẹ̀rọ bẹ́ẹ̀ sí ẹ̀yà ara àtọwọ́dá. Ìdí ni pé, a ní láti máa sọ ó mọ́ àwọn ohun èlò àti orísun agbára ìta kí ó tó lè ṣiṣẹ́, dípò kí ó lè ṣiṣẹ́ ní òmìnira nínú ara ènìyàn. == Èrò == Èrò tí a fi ń ṣe, tí a sì fi ń gbé ẹ̀yà ara àtọwọ́dá kalẹ̀ ni láti rọ́pò tàbí láti mú kí ẹ̀yà ara tó kù díẹ̀ káàtó ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìṣelọpọ àti fífi irú ẹ̀yà ara bẹ́ẹ̀ sínú ara ènìyàn jẹ́ iṣẹ́ tí ó nílò ìwádìí jinlẹ̀, ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ gíga, àkókò pípẹ́ àti ináwó púpọ̀, ó tún lè jẹ́ pé lẹ́yìn tí a bá ti fi sínú ara tán, yóò máa nílò ìtọ́jú, àbójútó, àyẹ̀wò àti àtúnṣe déédéé fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún. Irú àbójútó yìí kò sábà jẹ́ dandan fún ẹ̀yà ara tí ara ènìyàn tó dára ní láti ìbí:<ref name="Abu-FarajHand12" /><ref name="Tangarti98" /><ref name="FountainAFirst12">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/16/health/research/scientists-make-progress-in-tailor-made-organs.html |title=A First: Organs Tailor-Made With Body's Own Cells | vauthors = Fountain H |work=The New York Times |date=15 September 2012 |access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="MussivandCost97">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mussivand T, Kung RT, McCarthy PM, Poirier VL, Arabia FA, Portner P, Affeld K | title = Cost effectiveness of artificial organ technologies versus conventional therapy | journal = ASAIO Journal | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 230–236 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9152498 | doi = 10.1097/00002480-199743030-00021 }}</ref> ==Àwọn Àpẹẹrẹ== ===Àwọn ọwọ́ àti ẹsẹ̀ atọ́wọ́dá=== {{main|Prosthesis}} [[File:Brain-Controlled Prosthetic Arm 2.jpg|thumb|A prosthetic arm]] Àwọn ọwọ́ àti ẹsẹ̀ atọ́wọ́dá [[prosthetics]] jẹ́ àwọn ẹ̀yà ara tí ènìyàn ṣe láti rọ́pò ọwọ́ tàbí ẹsẹ̀ tí a gé kúrò, pẹ̀lú ète láti mú kí ẹni tí ó ti pàdánù ẹ̀yà ara náà lè tún ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ rẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀n tí ó sún mọ́ bí ó ti ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀. Ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn irinṣẹ́ ẹrọ tí ń jẹ́ kí ẹni tí a gé ọwọ́ tàbí ẹsẹ̀ rẹ̀ lè tún rìn, tàbí kí ó lè máa lo ọwọ́ méjèèjì, tí ó ti ń lò tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="FinchTheArt11">{{cite journal | vauthors = Finch J | title = The ancient origins of prosthetic medicine | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_february-12-18-2011_377_9765/page/548 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9765 | pages = 548–549 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21341402 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60190-6 | s2cid = 42637892 | doi-access = free }}</ref>. == Ẹ tún wo == {{div col |colwidth=30em}} * [[Artificial bone]], [[Artificial skin|skin]], [[Artificial uterus|uterus]], [[Artificial kidney|kidney]] * [[Biomechatronics]] * [[Biomedical Engineering]] * [[Decellularization]] * [[List of organs of the human body]] * [[Organoid]] * [[Organ culture]] * [[Organ printing]] * [[Organ transplant]] * [[Tissue scaffold]] * [[Xenotransplantation|Xenotransplant]] {{div col end}} == Fún Àyẹ̀wò Síwájú sí í == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Chang TM | title = From artificial red blood cells, oxygen carriers, and oxygen therapeutics to artificial cells, nanomedicine, and beyond | journal = Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 197–199 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22409281 | pmc = 3566225 | doi = 10.3109/10731199.2012.662408 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Foster KR, Jaeger J | title = Ethical implications of implantable radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags in humans | journal = The American Journal of Bioethics | volume = 8 | issue = 8 | pages = 44–48 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18802863 | doi = 10.1080/15265160802317966 | s2cid = 27093558 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu Y, Yang R, He Z, Gao WQ | title = Generation of functional organs from stem cells | journal = Cell Regeneration | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | article-number = 2:1 | date = 2013 | pmid = 25408873 | pmc = 4230490 | doi = 10.1186/2045-9769-2-1 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Tran J |year=2015 |title=To Bioprint or Not to Bioprint |journal=North Carolina Journal of Law and Technology |volume=17 |pages=123–78 |ssrn=2562952}} {{refend}} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} op6ukbz57vgfko6rhrzmhubdtm6bh9p Adé Ọba 0 81354 632078 627605 2026-08-19T17:11:15Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Headpiece worn by Yoruba rulers}} [[Fáìlì:Beaded_Crown.jpg|thumb|Beaded Crown]] '''Adé Ọba''' jẹ́ àmì tí ó jé ọkàn gbó gu tí àṣẹ tí àwọn alákòóso ilẹ̀ [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] má ń lọ,Àwọn [[Oba (ruler)|Obas]]. Tí a mọ sì '''Adé''',Adé tí wọ́n fi ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ṣe ni àmì pàtàkì tí ó ń fi ẹni tí ó ṣe àlákóso rẹ hàn, ó sì tún jẹ́ àmì tí ó bù ọlá fún ẹni náà àti ẹri àṣẹ pẹ̀lú "''Opa Ase''" (scepter of Authority)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Oyěwùmí|first1=Oyèrónkẹ́|title=The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses|date=1997|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-2441-6|page=94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X3JSjO6_UvIC&dq=ejigba+ileke&pg=PA94|access-date=8 October 2024|language=en}}</ref>pẹ̀lú àwọn [[Odigba|Odigba/Ejigba]] (royal collar of beads).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Dancing Palm Tree and Other Nigerian Folktales|date=1990|publisher=Texas Tech University Press|isbn=978-0-89672-216-3|page=93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NlfN3yceM80C&dq=ejigba+ileke&pg=PA93|access-date=8 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> Adé Ọba tí o tún mo sì Adé ńlá, Ade ni ilẹ̀ [[Yorubaland]] je àwọn adé òní ìlékè tí wọ́n ga tí wọ́n sì rẹwà púpò tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti fi ìbòjú àti [[fringes]] hàn tí wọ́n dá bobo ojú Kí adé to wá ní a ti ní '''Akoro''' èyí tí ó jé àwọn adé kékeré tí àwọn alákòóso agbègbè máa ń wọ̀ lábé [[suzerainty]] tàbí àṣẹ ìṣàkóso alágbára kan tàbí Ọba tó ń ṣàkóso agbègbè na,tàbí ọbas tí wọ́n jẹ́ Obas pàtàkì tí wọ́n sì je àlákóso lábẹ́ àṣẹ rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Samuel|title=The History of the Yorubas: From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate|date=1966|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-02099-2|pages=8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XSiGw4_qlAC&dq=Akoro+yoruba+crown&pg=PA8|access-date=28 August 2023|language=en}}</ref>àwọn oyè Oloja àti Baale je awon òye tí wọ́n je ti wọn má sì wò Akoro ni ilé Yoruba ju Ade lọ ẹ ti ko to kí wọn wò<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fraser|first1=Douglas|last2=Cole|first2=Herbert M.|title=African Art and Leadership|date=1972|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0-299-05824-1|page=210|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sSIxOcgE378C&dq=Akoro+yoruba+crown&pg=PA210|access-date=28 August 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=King Chronicles: Not All Crowns Are Created Equal|url=https://www.obafemio.com/blog/king-chronicles-not-all-crowns-are-created-equal|website=Obafemio.com|access-date=28 August 2023|language=en|archive-date=28 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828210602/https://www.obafemio.com/blog/king-chronicles-not-all-crowns-are-created-equal|dead-url=yes}}</ref> In his article on the topic, Robert F. Thompson writes, "Adé là fín mo ọba bẹẹni ìran ìwà ni ó fi ẹ ní ti ọba je hàn àti ẹwà tí ó má rí"<ref name="Thompson">{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Robert F.|title=African art & leadership|year=1972|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison|isbn=0299058204|pages=227–260|authorlink=The Sign of the Divine King: Yoruba Bead-Embroidered Crowns with Veil and Bird Decorations|editor=Douglas Fraser and Herbert M. Cole}}</ref> ==Bí a ṣe ń lò ó== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti yàn Ọba ní ilé Yorùbá sípò tí wọ́n sì ti ṣe àyẹ̀wò fún, kò yẹ kí ó tún fi ojú rẹ̀ hàn ní gbangba fún àwọn ènìyàn.Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ó máa ń wọ Adé. Gbogbo adé Ọba ní wọn ní ìkan méjì tí ó jé ikanna i àgbáyé. Àkọ́kọ́ ni àwọn ẹyẹ tí a máa ń fi sí orí adé àti ní egbe rẹ. Èkejì ni wípé ó gbó do ni aworan ojú tí wọ́n ṣe pelu ìlékè sì orí adé tí à sì má ṣe bí ona ti a fi lè mọ wí pé ọba rẹ tí ó bá wà ní àwùjọ. Àwọn adé mìíràn má ni àwòrán ojú jú ọ̀kan ló. Bó ti lè jẹ wí pé a kò mọ ìkan tí wan wá fún àwọn àwòrán wọ̀nyí sábà máa ń ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Odùduwà]], wọ́n sì ń fi hàn pé ayànmọ́ kan náà ló so olórí àti àwọn aṣáájú rẹ̀ àtijọ́ pọ Àwọn Akòró ní idà kejì, sábà máa ń fi ìyẹ́ ẹyẹ rọ́pò ẹyẹ pátápátá lórí adé náà. Adé jẹ́ àmì ìtẹ̀síwájú àti ìṣàkóso oyè ọba, lá ì ka ẹni tí ó bá di oyè náà ní àkókò kan. A tún lè rí àwọn àwòrán ojú lórí àwọn ohun èlò tí ọba mìíràn, èyí tí ó ṣà fi hàn agbára aláṣẹ tí ó ga jù lọ, àti agbára rẹ̀ láti pè je olórí réré fún àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀. <gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="200px"> Brooklyn Museum 70.109.2 Beaded Crown Ade of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu Ogoga of Ikere 1890-1928.jpg|Ilẹ̀kẹ̀ (Adé) ti Oníjàgbò Ọbaṣòró Alówólódù; ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún (ní ọdún 1890); a fi ìràn aṣọ tí a hun ṣe ìpìlẹ̀ rẹ̀, tí á sì bo pẹ̀lú aṣọ líle, tí wọ́n sì fi ilẹ̀kẹ̀ òní gíláàsì ṣe èso rẹ̀ ní àwo funfun,àwo búlúù,aláwò ewé, pínkì, pupa-osàn, ochre and voilet; ó wà ní Ilé Ìṣúra Brooklyn Museum ní Ìlú New York. Brooklyn Museum 70.109.1a-b Beaded Crown Ade of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu Ogoga of Ikere 1890-1928.jpg|Ilẹ̀kẹ̀ (Adé) ti Oníjàgbò Ọbaṣòró Alówólódù, Ọgọga tí ìlú Ìkẹ́rẹ́;ni ọdún 1890. A fi férémù tí a hun ṣe ìpìlẹ̀ adé náà, a sì bo pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí a fi ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ṣe ọ̀ṣọ́. Adé náà wà ní Ilé Ìṣúra Brooklyn Museum, File:Nigeria, yoruba, cappello reale, xx secolo 02.jpg|Àpẹẹrẹ Adé Ilẹ̀kẹ̀ kékeré (Akòró),tí Ilé Ìṣúra Indianapolis Museum of Art. Akòró sábà máa ń kere ju Adé lọ, tí wọ́n sì ni ìdí tí àwọn ọba kekeke má ń wọ, àwọn ọlọ́lá, àti àwọn olórí àdúgbò tí wọ́n wà lábẹ́ àṣẹ àwọn Ọba YorubaCrown2.jpg|Adé idẹ (copper) ti àwọn Yorùbá láti ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún tí wọ́n wà láti Ìpèrú, tí àwọn sí tele ikose Yorùbá ti coneti àwọn adé má ba wá . Wọ́n adé yí ni wọ́n má lọ láti bọ̀wọ̀ fún àwọn baba ńlá ti ẹ̀gbẹ́ baba àwọn Ọba [[Ìpèrú]] (Ìjẹ̀bú). Àwọn ojú mẹ́rin tí wọ́n yọ síta lórí adé náà jé áṣojú àwọn òrìṣà tàbí àwọn baba ńlá tí wọ́n rí ohun gbogbo. Ojú wọn tí ó yọ síta ń fi hàn pé ojú ẹ̀mí ti rọ́pò ojú ara. Àwọn àwòrán méjì tí wọ́n ní ẹsẹ̀ ẹja odò (mudfish) ń tọ́ka sí agbára àjèjì tó wà ní ayé méjì ẹ yí tí ńṣe ilẹ̀ àti omi, tàbí ayé àti ẹ̀mí. File:Man's royal headdress, 1. Yoruba people. Musée des Confluences.jpg|Adé orí ọba tí wọ́n ń pè ní '''Oríkògbòfò'''jẹ́ ẹ̀yà adé àwọn baba ńlá wá tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ rọrùn láti gbé ju àwọn adé ìbílẹ̀ wọn yí lọ, nítorí pé àwọn adé àwọn baba ńlá wà sábà máa ń wù wó, wọ́n sì máa ń sọ̀rọ̀ láti wọ. '"Oríkògbòfo'" ṣiṣẹ́ láti jẹ́ kí orí Ọba má wá ní bí bó ní gbogbo ìgbà, nítorí pé ó jẹ́ èèwọ̀ kí a rí Ọba láìwọ adé. Lónìí, adé yìí ti di ilumoka láàrin ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè gúúsù Nàìjíríà tí àwọn ọmọ ọba àti àwọn olórí sì ń wọ. Àwọn èyí tó ṣe kú nínú ilẹ̀kẹ̀ tí ó yẹ kí ó bò ojú ọba ni wọ́n ti dín kù sí díẹ̀ lára àwọn okùn ilẹ̀kẹ̀ tó rọrùn láti lò. File:Couronne funéraire ade-Musée du Quai Branly (1).jpg|Adé ọba láti Ìjọba [[Danhomè]] , ìjọba kan tí ó dàgbà lábẹ́ ipase àṣà láti ọ̀dọ̀ aládùúgbò Yorùbá . Adé ìbòjú tí a fí ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ṣe ń bo ojú Ọba, ó sì yí padà sí àwòrán alààyè Odùduwà àti agbára àwọn baba ńlá wá. Àwọn ẹyẹ tí ó wà lórí adé náà ń fi hàn pé Ọba jẹ́ aláṣẹ tí Ọlọ́run yàn. Ọba dúró ní árín ayé àti ọ̀run gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹyẹ ṣe lè rìn kiri láàárín ilẹ̀ ayé àti ojú ọ̀run. Adé náà wà ní Ilé Ìṣúra [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du Quai Branly]] </gallery> Àwọn adé kan, tí wọ́n ń pè ní oríkògbófo, ń fi ìkan tí ọba féràn hàn. Lára wọn ni ìbojú tí a mọ̀ sí Abẹ́tíajá, tí a má wọ ní ọ̀nà tí àwọn ojú inú ìbojú náà yí sí ẹ̀gbẹ́. Àwọn mìíràn sì ni àwọn adé kéékèèké tó dà bí pillbox, àwọn [[European Crown]] , àti coronet. Babatunde Lawal kọ pé: “Àwọn adé mìíràn ni wọ́n ṣe bí tí ara [[European Style lawyers']] wigs máa ń wọ. Èyí sì ṣàfihàn àwọn ìyípadà ńlá tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ilé Yorùbá láàárín ìparí ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún àti ọdún 1960, nígbà tí àwọn ọba pàdánù púpọ̀ nínú agbára wọn sí ọwọ́ àwọn alákóso ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Faranse. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipò wọn lónìí jẹ́ ti àṣà pàtàkì, ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ ṣì máa ń bá àwọn ọba gbìmọ̀ kí wọ́n tó ṣe àwọn ìpinnu kan. Adé tó dà bí fìlà-irun agbẹjọ́rò ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ ọba gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbẹjọ́rò tó munadoko, ẹni tó ń dúró fún ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn ọmọ abẹ́ rẹ̀.”<ref name=Lawal>{{cite book|last=Lawal|first=Babatunde|title=Embodying the sacred in Yoruba art : featuring the Bernard and Patricia Wagner Collection|year=2007|publisher=High Museum of Art|location=Atlanta, Ga.|isbn=978-1932543209}}</ref> Robert F. Thompson ṣàlàyé pé ìbòrí ojú tí a fi ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ṣe máa ń dá ìran tó lẹ́wà gan-an sílẹ̀ nígbà ayẹyẹ ìbílẹ̀:<ref name=Thompson /> <blockquote><p>Àwọn àwòrán ojú ọba tí a kò lè rí dáadáa lábẹ́ ìbòrí náà bá gbogbo ìwọ̀n ti àwọn ojú tó wà ní iwájú adé mu. Ìbòjú yìí kò ní je kárí ẹni tó wó, kí ó wun na bá lè jẹ aṣojú gbogbo ènìyàn Nípa bẹ́ẹ̀ , ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wa láàárín ìsinsìnyí àti ìgbà àtijọ́ . Ọba kò tún jẹ́ ẹni kán mọ́; ó di ẹni tí a lè fihàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdílé ọba (Dynasty ).</p></blockquote> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Orangun-Ila tí sọ ,''ade'' jẹ́ ''[[Orisha|orisa]]''.nígbà tí a bá gbé adé sì orí ọba,[[Ase (Yoruba)#The head as the site of ase|''ori uni'']] (inner head) je ọkàn lára àwọn tí wọ́n fí ipò lè tí a sì mọ àwọn nà gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ''orisa''.<ref name=Drewal /> ==Àwòrán Ẹyẹ== Àwọn Àwòrán ẹyẹ tó wà lórí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ adé ní orisirisi ìtumọ̀.Ó ń rántí bí [[Odùduwà]], pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ ẹyẹ àròsọ kan, ó dá ilẹ̀ tí ènìyàn lè gbé sí lórí omi [[Ile Ife|Ilé Ifè]], níbi tí ó ti di ọba àkọ́kọ́. Ó tún jẹ́ àmì ipa tí ọba kó gẹ́gẹ́ bí alárinà láàárín àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ àti àwọn [[Orisa|òrìṣà]], gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹyẹ ṣe jẹ́ alárinà láàárín ọ̀run àti ayé. Ní akotan, ó tún tọ́ka sí agbára ìjìnlẹ̀ (àṣẹ) tí [[Olorun|Olòdúmarè]] tí a gbà pé Ọlọ́run fi fún obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ (ní ìrísí ẹyẹ kan tí a fi sínú ìgbá), kí ó lè ní agbára láti dọ́gba pẹ̀lú okun àwọn ọkùnrin. Wọ́n tún gbà pé agbára ìjìnlẹ̀ yìí ni ó fún ní agbára láti bí ọmọ, àti ní agbára láti yí ara rẹ̀ padà sí ẹyẹ ní òru láti ṣe rere tàbí ibi. Nítorí náà, nípa fífi àmì agbára àkọ́kọ́ ti obìnrin sí orí adé rẹ̀, a retí pé ọba yọ lọ agbára náà fún ire gbogbo ènìyàn.Èyí sì ni ó ṣàlàyé ìdí tí Ìyá Ọba fi dé adé fún ọba tuntun ní àwọn ìlú kan, láti fi hàn pé ó ní ìtìlẹyìn àti àṣẹ àwọn obìnrin.<ref name=Drewal /> Àwọn àwòrán ẹyẹ tún wà lórí àwọn ohun mímọ́ mìíràn tàbí àwọn ohun míì tí ó ṣe pàtàkì, bí [[Osanyin staff]]s. ==Ìtàn== Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Oríṣìíríṣìí ìtàn ló wà nípa Adé. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn jẹ mọ́ [[Ile-Ife]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlú àkọ́kọ́ tí wọ́n dé adé sí, láti ibẹ̀ ni gbogbo àwọn ọba Yorùbá ti ń tọpasẹ̀ wọn. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìtàn ìbílẹ̀ wọ̀nyí sọ pé, kí ó tó kú [[Oduduwa]], Olùdásílẹ̀ àti ọba àkọ́kọ́ àwọn Yorùbá fi adé ilẹ̀kẹ̀ fún ọkọọkan àwọn ọmọkùnrin rẹ̀, ó sì rán wọn lọ láti lọ dá ìjọba tiwọn sílẹ̀. Ìtàn mìíràn sì sọ pé nígbà tí [[Oduduwa]] ó ti darúgbó tí ojú rẹ̀ sì tí fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ fọ́ pátápátá, àwọn ọmọkùnrin rẹ̀ jí àwọn adé rẹ . Nípasẹ̀ àṣẹ àti ọlá tí adé ná wọ́n lọ dá ìjọba tiwọn sílẹ̀. Ìtàn yìí jọ ìtàn ìpínyà [[Oyo Empire]] sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjọba kéékèèké. Láti àárín ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún ní àṣẹ ọba tí jẹ́ mímúlẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìdánimọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Oduduwa]] àti [[Ile-Ife]].<ref name=Drewal>{{cite book |last=Drewal |first=Henry John |title=Yoruba : nine centuries of African art and thought|year=1989|publisher=Center for African Art in Association with H.N. Abrams|location=New York|isbn=0810917947|pages=33–39|edition=2nd print |author2=John Pemberton 3rd |author3=Rowland Abiodun |editor=Allen Wardwell}}</ref> ==Ilẹ̀kẹ̀ àti Ìtumọ̀ Rẹ̀== Àwọn ìwé mímọ́ àti ìtàn Yorùbá sọ pé àwọn Òrìṣà yan ilẹ̀kẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì ìdánimọ̀ wọn. Nítorí náà, àwọn adé Yorùbá tí wọ́n fi ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ṣe ń fi agbára àti àṣẹ tí ó wá láti ọ̀dọ̀ Ọlọ́run hàn. Ní tòótọ́, kì ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni wọ́n gbà láàyè láti wọ tàbí láti lo àwọn ohun tí a fi ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ṣe ní àwùjọ Yorùbá. Àwọn tí a fún ní àṣẹ yìí ni àwọn ọba,[[Tribal chief|chief]]s, [[prince]]s, [[priest]]s, [[diviner]]s àti [[Witch doctor|native doctor]]s.<ref name=Thompson /> Lónìí, wọ́n máa ń fi ilẹ̀kẹ̀ aláwọ̀ tí a kó wọlé láti [[England]]. Ní ayé àtijọ́, wọ́n máa ń kó ilẹ̀kẹ̀ jasper pupa wọlé láti litingo ní [[French Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] níbi tí wọ́n ti má ṣe wọ́n, tí wọ́n sì má yáwon ni[[Oyo-Ile]] (Old Oyo). Ní ayé àtijọ́, wọ́n máa ń ṣe ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ní [[Ile-Ife]].<ref name=Ojo>{{cite book|last=Ojo|first=G. J. Afolabi|title=Yoruba Culture|year=1966|location=London|page=260}}</ref> Àwọn ọkùnrin tó ní òye nínú iṣẹ́ ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ló ṣiṣẹ́ yìí ní ọ̀pọ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà, ní pápá julo ní Ẹ̀fọ̀n-Àlàyè [[Ile-Ife]], [[Oyo Empire|Oyo]], [[Ilesha]], [[Abeokuta]], àti [[Iperu, Remo|Iperu-Remo]]. Ilẹ̀kẹ̀ àti lílo rẹ̀ nínú iṣẹ́ àti àwọn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìtumọ̀. Wíwọ ilẹ̀kẹ̀ jẹ́ ohun tí a gbà pé ó ní agbára ìwòsàn. Àwọn ilẹ̀kẹ̀ aláwọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ni a ka sí ògùn tàbí ààbò ẹ̀yi tó dáàbò bo ènìyàn lówó àwọn agbára búburú. Wíwọ kèlè (ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ọrùn) tó ní àwọ̀ pupa àti funfun papọ̀ jẹ́ àmì pé agbára ìbáwí àti agbára ìwòsàn ti [[Sango]].<ref name="Drewal 1998" /> Ọ̀nà ṣíṣe ilẹ̀kẹ̀, tàbí bí a ṣe hun ilẹ̀kẹ̀ sí okùn, dá lórí fífi ilẹ̀kẹ̀ tẹ̀lé ara wọn ní ìlànà wọn ni [[Yoruba art]], ó jẹ́ ìtẹ̀síwájú ìlànà pàtàkì tí ó jẹ́ ìpìnlẹ̀ fún [[Ase (Yoruba)|ase]]. Ilẹ̀kẹ̀ kàn lẹ́sẹ̀ẹsẹ̀ tàbí lẹ́tọ̀lẹ́ọtọ̀. Bí ó ṣe rí pẹ̀lú igi kéékèèké tí a dì pọ̀, tí a mọ̀ sí àtọ́òrì, lórí [[Benin ancestral altars|ancestral altar]] jẹ́ àmì ìtẹ̀síwájú ogún àti ìtàn ìdílé láti ìran dé ìran, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà ni ilẹ̀kẹ̀ jẹ́ àmì ìlọsíwájú àti ìtẹ̀síwájú láti ìran kan sí ìran mìíràn. Nígbà tí a bá hun ilẹ̀kẹ̀ pọ̀ sí okùn kan, wọ́n ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ ìṣọ̀kan, ìfọ̀kànbalẹ̀ àti irẹpọ̀.<ref name="Drewal 1998" /> Bí ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ṣe yí ara ènìyàn ká tí wọ́n sì fi ṣe éṣọ́, wọ́n dáàbò bo [[Ase (Yoruba)|ase]] Bí ilẹ̀kẹ̀ ṣe yí ara ènìyàn ká tí wọ́n sì fi ṣe éṣọ́, wọ́n dáàbò bo àṣẹ àti iyì ẹni náà. Nípasẹ̀ ìtumọ̀ àpẹẹrẹ wọn, wọ́n tún ṣàfihàn àwọn ikan pàtàkì nípa ẹni náà.<ref name="Drewal 1998">{{cite journal|last=Drewal|first=Henry John|title=Yorùbá Beadwork in Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_winter-1998_31_1/page/18|journal=African Arts|date=Winter 1998|volume=31|issue=1|pages=18–94 |jstor=3337620 |publisher=UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center|doi=10.2307/3337620 }}</ref> ==Àwọn itokasi == twidfsabr9ocpdiozojwy6f0a2lkiof Didekun arun iba 0 81452 632191 627638 2026-08-19T20:08:04Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Àrùn ibà'''jẹ́ arun ti o le ran lati ara ẹnika si ẹlomiran ti kokoro [[ẹfọn]] n tan kaakiri tí o ma n dagn ''[[Plasmodium]]'' ń fà. A ti pa àrùn náà run pátápátá tàbí dín ìtànkálẹ̀ rẹ̀ kù lọ́nà tó lágbára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè ayé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó ṣì gbilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè mìíràn. Ọ̀pọ̀ apá [[Yúróòpù]], [[Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà]], [[Ọsirélíà]], [[Àríwá Áfíríkà]] àti [[Caribbean]], pẹ̀lú àwọn apá kan ní [[Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà]], [[Éṣíà]] àti [[Gúúsù Áfíríkà]], ti di agbègbè tí kò sí ibà mọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria Elimination Group description and list of elimination countries |url=http://www.malariaeliminationgroup.org/resources/elimination-countries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727060254/http://www.malariaeliminationgroup.org/resources/elimination-countries |archive-date=27 July 2011 |access-date=2011-07-12}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè ní àárín gbùngbùn [[Áfíríkà]] ṣì ń ní ìtànkálẹ̀ ibà tó ga gan-an. [[World Health Organization|Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (WHO)]] ń ṣàlàyé “ìparun ibà” (''malaria elimination'' tàbí ''malaria-free'') gẹ́gẹ́ bí ipò tí kò sí ìtànkálẹ̀ ibà láàrín àwọn olùgbé orílẹ̀-èdè kan (ìyẹn àwọn àkóràn tí ó ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè náà fúnra rẹ̀) fún ọdún mẹ́ta sẹ́yìn. WHO tún pín ìpele ''ìmúrasílẹ̀ fún ìparun ibà'' (''pre-elimination'') àti ''ìparun ibà'' (''elimination'') sí ìpele tí orílẹ̀-èdè kan bá ní kéré ju ọ̀ràn márùn-ún tàbí ọ̀kan lọ fún ẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn tó wà nínú ewu ní ọdún kan. Ní ọdún 2021, àpapọ̀ owó tí àgbáyé àti àwọn ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè ná fún ìṣàkóso àti ìparun ibà jẹ́ dọ́là bílíọ̀nù 3.5, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdajì péré nínú iye tí a fojú díwọ̀n pé a nílò.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria in Africa |url=https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/malaria/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105153727/https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/malaria/ |archive-date=2023-11-05 |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=UNICEF Data |language=en-US}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[UNICEF]] ṣe sọ, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí ìlépa ayé tí kò ní sí ibà mọ́, owó tí a ń ná lọ́dọọdún gbọ́dọ̀ ju ìlọ́po méjì iye tó wà lọ kí ó lè dé ibi-afẹ́de dọ́là bílíọ̀nù 6.8 ti Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà. Ní àwọn apá ayé tí ìgbé ayé àwọn ènìyàn ti túbọ̀ sunwọ̀n sí i, ìparun ibà sábà máa ń jẹ́ àǹfààní tí ó wáyé látàrí fífi àwọ̀n sára fèrèsé láti dènà ẹ̀fọn àti ìmúdàgbàsókè nínú [[sanitation|ìmótótó àyíká]].<ref>{{cite news |author-link=Malcolm Gladwell |date=July 2, 2001 |title=The Mosquito Killer |url=http://gladwell.com/the-mosquito-killer/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416165010/http://gladwell.com/the-mosquito-killer/ |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |newspaper=The New Yorker |vauthors=Gladwell M}}</ref> Àpapọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀nà ìdènà tí a sábà máa ń lò ní àkókò kan náà ni a kà sí ọ̀nà tó dára jù lọ fún ìṣàkóso ibà. Àwọn wọ̀nyí ní lílo [[antimalarial drugs|oògùn ìdènà àti ìtọ́jú ibà]] láti dènà tàbí tọ́jú àkóràn; ìmúdàgbàsókè àwọn amáyédẹrùn ìlera láti lè ṣe àyẹ̀wò, ya àwọn tó ní àkóràn sọ́tọ̀, kí wọ́n sì gba ìtọju tó yẹ; lílo [[Mosquito net|àwọ̀n ibùsùn]] àti àwọn ọ̀nà mìíràn láti dènà kí ẹ̀fọn má bàa bu ènìyàn; pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà [[vector control|ìṣàkóso àwọn ẹ̀dá tó ń tan àrùn]],<ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title=World Malaria Report |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563901_eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112144947/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563901_eng.pdf |archive-date=January 12, 2010 |access-date=December 17, 2009 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> bíi lílo [[Larvacide|oògùn ìpakúpa ìdin ẹ̀fọn]] (larvicide), ìṣàkóso àyíká gẹ́gẹ́ bí fífọ àwọn ibi tí ẹ̀fọn ti máa ń bí, tàbí fífi ẹja sí inú omi láti jẹ ìdin ẹ̀fọn, àti fífi oògùn apakòkòrò fọ inú ilé (''indoor residual spraying''; IRS). == Ìgbésẹ̀ láti dẹ́kun ibà == === Ìbúrẹ́kẹ́ àrùn ibà ṣáájú òde òní === Àrùn [[Ibà]] ti ń ba ọmọnìyàn láti ìgbà láéláé, ní nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá (10,000) ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Canali |first=Stefano |date=2008 |title=Researches on thalassemia and malaria in Italy and the origins of the "Haldane hypothesis" |journal=Medicina Nei Secoli |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=827–846 |issn=0394-9001 |pmid=19848219}} Àwọn ọlàjú ìgbàanì bíi ti [[Ancient Egypt|Íjíbítì Àtijọ́]] àti [[Ancient Greece|Gíríìsì Àtijọ́]] ní àrùn náà, tí ó sì di mímọ̀ ní Gíríìsì ní nǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún kẹrin ṣáájú Sànmánì Kristi gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrùn apànìyàn, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ní àkókò náà a kò tíì mọ ohun tí ń fà á.{{Cite journal |last1=Pappas |first1=Georgios |last2=Kiriaze |first2=Ismene J. |last3=Falagas |first3=Matthew E. |date=2008-07-01 |title=Insights into infectious disease in the era of Hippocrates |url=https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(07)00212-3/fulltext |journal=International Journal of Infectious Diseases |language=English |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=347–350 |doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2007.11.003 |issn=1201-9712 |pmid=18178502 |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=9 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402053256/https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(07)00212-3/fulltext |url-status=live}} Ibà gbilẹ̀ gan-an ní [[Roman Empire|Ilẹ̀ Ọba Róòmù]], àwọn akọ̀wé Róòmù sì so àrùn náà mọ́ àwọn ilẹ̀ ẹrẹ̀ àti ibi tí omi dúró, nítorí pé níbẹ̀ ni àrùn náà ti máa ń gbilẹ̀ jù lọ.{{cite journal |last=Hassl |first=Andreas R. |year=2008 |title=Die Malaria im Römischen Kaiserreich: eine bemerkenswerte Textstelle in den Digesten |journal=Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift |volume=120 |issue=S4 |pages=11–14 |doi=10.1007/s00508-008-1033-2 |pmid=19066765 |s2cid=27800762}}{{cite journal |last=Sallares |first=R |author2=Bouwman, A |author3=Anderung, C |year=2004 |title=The spread of malaria to Southern Europe in antiquity: new approaches to old problems |journal=Medical History |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=311–28 |doi=10.1017/s0025727300007651 |pmc=547919 |pmid=16021928}} Látọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ará Róòmù ni orúkọ "malaria" ti wá. Wọ́n pè é ní mal aria (ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ní èdè Ítálì ni "afẹ́fẹ́ búburú"), nítorí wọ́n gbà pé àrùn náà jẹ́ irú miasma, ìyẹn àrùn tí afẹ́fẹ́ búburú ń tan, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn [[Ancient Greece|ará Gíríìsì Àtijọ́]] ṣe gbà gbọ́ tẹ́lẹ̀. Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún lẹ́yìn náà, èyí ni àwọn dókítà àti àwọn onímọ̀ ìlera gbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí òtítọ́. Síbẹ̀, ní [[West Africa|Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà]] ní àkókò ayé àárín (Medieval period), pàápàá ní [[Djenné]], àwọn ènìyàn ti mọ̀ pé ẹ̀fọn ló ń tan ibà.{{cite book |last1=McKissack |first1=Patricia |url=https://archive.org/details/royalkingdomsofg00patr/page/104 |title=The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay Life in Medieval Africa |last2=McKissack |first2=Fredrick |publisher=Macmillan |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8050-4259-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/royalkingdomsofg00patr/page/104 104]}} Àwọn [[Spanish missions in the Americas|míṣọ́nárì ará Sípéènì]] ní ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà láàárín ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún sí kọkàndínlógún ṣàkíyèsí pé àwọn [[Amerindians]] tó ń gbé ní agbègbè Loxa ([[Ecuador]]) máa ń lo erupẹ̀ láti inú "[[Jesuit's bark|igi Peruvian bark]]" (èyí tí a mọ̀ nígbà tó yá pé ó wá láti oríṣìíríṣìí igi ''[[Cinchona]]'') láti tọ́jú ibà.{{cite journal |vauthors=Butler AR, Khan S, Ferguson E |year=2010 |title=A brief history of malaria chemotherapy |journal=J R Coll Physicians Edinb |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=172–77 |doi=10.4997/JRCPE.2010.216 |pmid=20695174 |doi-access=free}} Àwọn [[Quechuas|ará Quechua]] ní Ecuador máa ń lo èèpo igi náà láti dín ìwarìrì tó máa ń bá ibà líle kù.{{cite journal |author=Guerra F. |year=1977 |title=The introduction of Cinchona in the treatment of malaria |journal=J Trop Med Hyg |volume=80 |issue=6 |pages=112–18, 135–40 |pmid=330870}} Arákùnrin [[Jesuit]] kan, Agostino Salumbrino (1561–1642), tó gbé ní [[Lima]] tí ó sì jẹ́ oníṣègùn oníṣègùn-oògùn (apothecary), ṣàkíyèsí bí àwọn ará Quechua ṣe ń lo èèpo igi [[cinchona]] fún ète yìí. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé agbára èèpo igi náà láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ibà kò ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú agbára rẹ̀ láti dín ìwarìrì tí òtútù ń fà kù, ó ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa gẹ́gẹ́ bí oògùn ibà. Àwọn míṣọ́nárì [[Jesuit]] ló mú lílo èèpo "igi ibà" ([[Jesuit's bark]]) wọ inú ìṣègùn ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù.{{cite journal |author=Greenwood D. |year=1992 |title=The quinine connection |journal=J Antimicrob Chemother |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=417–27 |doi=10.1093/jac/30.4.417 |pmid=1490916}} {{cite journal |vauthors=Kaufman T, Rúveda E |year=2005 |title=The quest for quinine: those who won the battles and those who won the war |journal=Angew Chem Int Ed Engl |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=854–85 |doi=10.1002/anie.200400663 |pmid=15669029}} [[Jesuit]] [[Bernabé Cobo|Bernabé de Cobo]] (1582–1657), ẹni tó ṣàwárí Mexico àti Peru, ni wọ́n mọ̀ sí ẹni tó kó èèpo igi cinchona lọ sí Yúróòpù. Ní ọdún 1632, ó kó èèpo náà láti Lima lọ sí Sípéènì, lẹ́yìn náà sí Róòmù àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti [[Italy|Ítálì]]. Ní ọdún 1712, [[Francesco Torti]] kọ̀wé pé "ibà tí ó máa ń dé ní àkókò àtúnwá" (''intermittent fever'') nìkan ni èèpo igi ibà lè ṣe ìtọ́jú rẹ̀.Torti, F. "Therapeutice Specialis ad Febres Periodicas Perniciosas", 1712 Modena Ìwádìí yìí fi hàn gbangba pé èèpo igi cinchona ní ipa pàtó lórí ìtọ́jú ibà, ó sì jẹ́ kí a bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó káàkiri nínú ìṣègùn.{{cite journal |author=Bruce-Chwatt LJ |year=1988 |title=Three hundred and fifty years of the Peruvian fever bark |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1988-05-28_296_6635/page/1486 |journal=British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition) |volume=296 |issue=6635 |pages=1486–87 |doi=10.1136/bmj.296.6635.1486 |pmc=2546010 |pmid=3134079}} [[File:Original_preparation_of_quinine_acetate_2.jpeg|thumb|Ìmúrasílẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ ti ''quinine acetate'' tí Pelletier ṣe ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1820.]] ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== h395nm49ywnbavsrhdmzr0wvgm6p5ra Pain 0 81456 632026 627668 2026-08-19T15:31:22Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | image = Wrist pain.jpg | caption = An illustration of [[wrist pain]] | specialty = [[Neurology]]<br />[[Pain medicine]] | symptoms = Unpleasant sensory and emotional sensations<ref name="IASPdefinition">{{cite journal | vauthors = Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, Finnerup NB, Flor H, Gibson S, Keefe FJ, Mogil JS, Ringkamp M, Sluka KA, Song XJ, Stevens B, Sullivan MD, Tutelman PR, Ushida T, Vader K | display-authors = 6 | title = The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises | language = en-US | journal = Pain | volume = 161 | issue = 9 | pages = 1976–1982 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 32694387 | pmc = 7680716 | doi = 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | complications = | onset = | duration = Typically depends on the cause | types = Physical, [[Psychological pain|psychological]], [[Psychogenic pain|psychogenic]] | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = [[Analgesic]]s | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''Ìrora''' tabi '''Inira''' jẹ́ ìmọ̀lára ara tí kò dùn mọ́ni tí ó sábà máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ sí àgọ́ ara látàrí àwọn ohun tí ó le gan-an tàbí àwọn ohun tí ó lè ba ara jẹ́. Àjọ tó ń Se ìwádìí lórí ìrora ní àgbáyé ([[International Association for the Study of Pain]]) ṣàlàyé ìrora gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ìrírí tí kò dùn mọ́ni nípa [[sense|ìmọ̀lára ara]] àti [[emotion|ìmọ̀lára ọkàn]], tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú, tàbí tí ó jọ ìrírí tí ó wáyé látàrí ìpalára gidi tàbí èyí tí ó lè ṣẹlẹ̀ sí àwọn ẹ̀yà ara wa." Ìrora ma ń mú kí ọmọnìyàn àti àwọn [[ẹranko]] yàgò fún àwọn ipò tí ó lè mú ìpalára tàbí ìrora bá wọn, kí wọ́n sì dáàbò bo ẹ̀yàara tí ó ti fara pa nígbà tí ó ń ṣọra fun ohun ti o le mu ìpalára báa lọ́jọ́ iwájú.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Understanding Pain: Exploring the Perception of Pain| vauthors = Cervero F |date=2012 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-30543-3 |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=Chapter 1 |oclc=809043366 }}</ref> Ìrora máa ń dín kù tàbí kí ó kúrò pátá pátá nígbà tí sẹẹli ti o a bá yọ ohun tí ń gbé gbe irora ba ti n san tabi jina. Ṣùgbọ́n nígbà míì, ìrora lè máa tẹ̀ síwajú ni ojú ọgbe náà ti jiná. Ní àwọn àkókò kan, ìrora lè wáyé láìsí ohun tí a lè rí tó ń fa a, láìsí ìpalára tàbí àrùn tí a lè ṣàwárí.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Raj PP |title=In: The Handbook of Chronic Pain |publisher=Nova Biomedical Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-60021-044-0 |chapter=Taxonomy and classification of pain |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG4Svh_UL3UC&pg=PA41 |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=30 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330014627/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG4Svh_UL3UC&pg=PA41 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ìrora ni ohun tí ó wọ́pọ̀ jù lọ tí ó ń mú kí ènìyàn lọ bá dókítà.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Debono DJ, Hoeksema LJ, Hobbs RD | title = Caring for patients with chronic pain: pearls and pitfalls | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_jaoa-the-journal-of-the-american-osteopathic-association_2013-08_113_8/page/620 | journal = The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association | volume = 113 | issue = 8 | pages = 620–7 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23918913 | doi = 10.7556/jaoa.2013.023 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Turk DC, Dworkin RH | title = What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials? | journal = Arthritis Research & Therapy | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 151–4 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15225358 | pmc = 464897 | doi = 10.1186/ar1196 | doi-access = free }} Ó jẹ́ àmì pàtàkì nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àìlera, ó sì lè dín ìdùnnú àti peye ènìyàn kù.{{cite journal | vauthors = Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, Kvarstein G, Stubhaug A | title = Assessment of pain | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-anaesthesia_2008-07_101_1/page/17 | journal = British Journal of Anaesthesia | volume = 101 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–24 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18487245 | doi = 10.1093/bja/aen103 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Àwọn oògùn ìrora tí a lè ra láìsí ìwé dókítà máa ń wúlò fún nǹkan bí 20% sí 70% àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìrora tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀, bíi ìrora lẹ́yìn yíyọ eyín.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moore RA, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Maguire T, Roy YM, Tyrrell L | title = Non-prescription (OTC) oral analgesics for acute pain – an overview of Cochrane reviews | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 11 | issue = 11 | article-number = CD010794 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26544675 | pmc = 6485506 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD010794.pub2 }}</ref> Àwọn ohun tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ọpọlọ àti ìgbésí ayé ènìyàn, bíi [[social support|ìtìlẹ́yìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn]], [[cognitive behavioral therapy|ìtọ́jú ìhùwàsí àti ìrònú]], ìdùnnú, tàbí yíyí ọkàn sí ohun mìíràn, lè ní ipa lórí bí ìrora ṣe lágbára tó tàbí bí kò ṣe dùn tó.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, & Bullying (Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology) |vauthors=Eisenberger NI, Lieberman M |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-84169-424-5 |veditors=Williams KD |location=East Sussex |pages=131–150 |chapter=Why it hurts to be left out: The neurocognitive overlap between physical and social pain |doi=10.4324/9780203942888-14 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Garland EL, Brintz CE, Hanley AW, Roseen EJ, Atchley RM, Gaylord SA, Faurot KR, Yaffe J, Fiander M, Keefe FJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Mind-Body Therapies for Opioid-Treated Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | journal = JAMA Internal Medicine | volume = 180 | issue = 1 | pages = 91–105 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31682676 | pmc = 6830441 | doi = 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4917 }}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== jr1a8eed30baqx6pcms7tn2lgg76is4 Mungo Park (olùṣàwárí) 0 82009 632102 630065 2026-08-19T17:54:36Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632102 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Fáìlì:Mungo_Park_commemorative_medal.JPG|thumb| Ẹ̀bùn ìrántí Mungo Park]] '''Mungo Park''' (Ojo kewa, Oṣù Kẹsàn 1771 – Odun1806)<ref>{{cite web|title=The journal of a mission to the interior of Africa, in the year 1805 : Park, Mungo, 1771-1806 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofmission00park|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> jẹ́ olùṣàwárí ará Scotland ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà. Lẹ́yìn ìwádìí lórí apa oke [[Odò Ọya|Odò Niger]] ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1796, ó kọ ìwé ìrìnàjò tó gbajúmọ̀ kan tí àkọlé rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ ''Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa,'' níbi tó ti gbà pé Niger àti [[Odò Congo|Congo]] para pọ̀ di odò kan náà, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n fihàn nígbà tó yá pé odò ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ni wọ́n. Wọ́n pa á nígbà ìrìnàjò kejì, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti rìn ìrìnàjò tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta sí ìsàlẹ̀ odo Niger. Tí Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Adúláwọ̀ bá jẹ́ “ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò ìwádìí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ” láti ọwọ́ àwọn ará Yúróòpù, nígbà náà Mungo Park ni olùṣàwárí àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó ṣe àṣeyọrí; ó gbé ìlànà kalẹ̀ fún gbogbo àwọn tí ó tẹ̀lé e. Park ni oyinbo àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ti ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ìrìn àjò ní àárín gbùngbùn odo Niger, nípasẹ̀ ìwé rẹ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sì fi àwọn ará Europe hàn sí ilẹ̀ ńlá kan tí a kò tíì ṣàwárí tí ó ní ipa lórí àwọn olùṣèwádìí ilẹ̀ Europe lọ́jọ́ iwájú àti àwọn ìfẹ́-ọkàn ìjọba amúnisìn ní Áfíríkà. == Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ == A bí Mungo Park ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1771 ní Selkirkshire, Scotland, ní Foulshiels lórí omi Yarrow, nítòsí Selkirk, ní oko àwọn agbàlejò kan tí baba rẹ̀, Mungo Park (1714–1793), yá lọ́wọ́ Duke ti Buccleuch.<ref>{{cite web|title=The journal of a mission to the interior of Africa, in the year 1805 : Park, Mungo, 1771-1806 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofmission00park|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ ẹni keje nínú ìdílé àwọn ọmọ mẹ́tàlá. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àgbẹ̀ ayale ni ebi won, won ni owo lowo di e. Wọ́n lè san owó fún Park láti gba ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára, baba Park fi ilé tó jẹ́ £3,000 sílẹ̀ ( owo ti o to £217,000 ní ọdún 2025 ). Awọn òbí rẹ̀ ti kọ́kọ́ fẹ́ kí ó jẹ́ ìránṣẹ́ ní Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|last=B.|first=H.|title=The life of Mungo Park [signed H.B.]. : H. B. : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/lifemungoparksi00bgoog|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Ó ti kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ nílé kí ó tó lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ girama Selkirk. Nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá, ó kọ́ṣẹ́ lọ́dọ̀ Thomas Anderson, oníṣẹ́-abẹ ní Selkirk. Nígbà tí ó ń kọ́ṣẹ́, Park di ọ̀rẹ́ pẹ̀lú ọmọ Anderson ti oun je Alexander, wọ́n sì se afihan ọmọbìnrin Anderson, Allison, fun Park tí yóò di ìyàwó rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref>{{cite web|title=The age of wonder : how the Romantic generation discovered the beauty and terror of science : Holmes, Richard, 1945- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/ageofwonderhowro0000holm_g0r3|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1788, Park forúkọ sílẹ̀ ní Yunifásítì ti Edinburgh, ó sì lọ sí kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ìṣègùn àti ewéko. Ní pàtàkì, nígbà tí ó wà ní yunifásítì, ó lo ọdún kan nínú ẹ̀kọ́ ìtàn àdánidá tí Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n John Walker kọ́. Lẹ́yìn tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀, ó lo ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn kan ní Scotland Highlands, ó sì ṣe iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àbúrò ọkọ rẹ̀, James Dickson, olùtọ́jú ọgbà àti oníṣòwò irúgbìn ní Covent Garden . Ní ọdún 1788, Dickson pẹ̀lú Sir James Edward Smith àti àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ mẹ́fà mìíràn dá ẹgbẹ́ Linnean Society of [[Lọndọnu|London]] sílẹ̀. Ní ọdún 1792, Park parí ẹ̀kọ́ ìṣègùn rẹ̀ ní Yunifásítì ti Edinburgh. Nípasẹ̀ àbá láti ọwọ́ Joseph Banks, ó gba ipò alábàáṣiṣẹpọ̀ oníṣẹ́ abẹ lórí ọkọ̀ ojú omi East India Company Worcester. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1793, àwọn ''ará Worcester'' wọ ọkọ̀ ojú omi lọ sí Benkulen ní Sumatra . Kí ó tó lọ, Park kọ̀wé sí ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ Alexander Anderson ní àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ti o se ifarahan esin:   Nígbà tí ó padà dé ní ọdún 1794, Park ṣe àsọyé kan sí Ẹgbẹ́ Linnaean, ó sì ṣàlàyé ẹja Sumatran tuntun mẹ́jọ. Wọ́n kò tẹ̀ ìwé náà jáde títí di ọdún mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà. Ó tún fún Banks ní onírúurú ewéko Sumatran tó ṣọ̀wọ́n. == Awọn irin-ajo lọ si inu ilẹ Afirika == === Ìrìnàjò àkọ́kọ́ === [[Fáìlì:Kamalia_Mungo_Park_1790s.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Ìwòran Kamalia ní orílẹ̀-èdè Mandingo, Áfíríkà, láti: Mungo Park, ''Àwọn Ìrìnàjò ní Àwọn Agbègbè Inú Ilé ti Áfíríkà'']] [[Fáìlì:Mungo_Park_cover1859.jpg|right|thumb|494x494px| Park jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùṣàwárí àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù ní Àárín Gbùngbùn Áfíríkà, ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùṣàwárí àkọ́kọ́ tí a mẹ́nu kàn ní ''Reisen ní Àárín Gbùngbùn Áfíríkà – von Mungo Park bis auf Dr. Barth u. Dr. Vogel'' (1859) ( ''Ìrìnàjò ní Àárín Gbùngbùn Áfíríkà – láti Mungo Park sí Dr. Barth àti Dr. Vogel)'']] Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1794, Mungo Park fi iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ fún Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Adúláwọ̀, lẹ́yìn náà ó wá ẹni tí yóò gbapò Major Daniel Houghton, ẹni tí wọ́n rán ní ọdún 1790 láti ṣàwárí ipa ọ̀nà [[Odò Ọya|Odò Niger]] tí ó sì kú ní [[Sàhárà|Sahara]] . A yan Park gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùrànlọ́wọ́ Sir Joseph Banks. Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1795, Park kúrò ní Portsmouth, England, lórí ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''Endeavour'', ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan tí ó ń lọ sí Gambia láti ṣòwò oyin àti eyín erin. Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1795, ó dé odò Gambia ó sì gun òkè {{Convert|200|mi|km}} sí ibùdó ìṣòwò ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Pisania.<ref>{{cite web|title=Travels in the interior districts of Africa: performed under the direction and patronage of the African Association, in the years 1795, 1796, and 1797 : Park, Mungo, 1771-1806 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kejìlá, pẹ̀lú àwọn amọ̀nà méjì ní agbègbè náà, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí inú ilé tí a kò mọ̀. Ó yan ọ̀nà tí ó kọjá pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ òkè [[Senegal]] àti agbègbè Kaarta tí ó jẹ́ aṣálẹ̀ díẹ̀ kọjá. Ìrìn àjò náà kún fún ìṣòro, ní Ludamar, olórí Moorish kan fi í sẹ́wọ̀n fún oṣù mẹ́rin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Travels in the interior districts of Africa: performed under the direction and patronage of the African Association, in the years 1795, 1796, and 1797 : Park, Mungo, 1771-1806 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù keje ọdún 1796, ó sá àsálà fun emi re, kò sì ní ohunkóhun ti o mun kuro ju ẹṣin rẹ̀ àti ero ijuwe àpò rẹ̀ lọ, ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún, ó dé [[Odò Ọya|odò Niger]] tí wọ́n ti ń wá kiri fún ìgbà pípẹ́ ní Ségou, òun sì ni ará Europe àkọ́kọ́ tó ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ó tẹ̀lé odò náà de isale bi ogoriun millisí Silla, níbi tí ó ti di dandan fún un láti yípadà, tí kò ní àwọn ohun èlò láti tẹ̀síwájú. Jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ, nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń rìnrìn àjò láàárín Niger, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn olùgbé agbègbè náà yóò máa rò pé òun fúnra rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Moor, dípò ará Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Travels in the interior districts of Africa: performed under the direction and patronage of the African Association, in the years 1795, 1796, and 1797 : Park, Mungo, 1771-1806 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Nígbà tí ó ń padà bọ̀, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje, ó gba ọ̀nà kan sí gúúsù ju èyí tí ó tẹ̀lé tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ó dúró nítòsí Odò Niger ti o wa ni [[Bamako]], ó sì tẹ̀síwájú ọ̀nà rẹ̀ fún nǹkan bí ọ́ọ̀dúnrún milii.<ref>{{cite web|title=Travels in the interior districts of Africa: performed under the direction and patronage of the African Association, in the years 1795, 1796, and 1797 : Park, Mungo, 1771-1806 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Ní Kamalia, ó ṣàìsàn, o pade oju rere omo ọkùnrin kan tí ó gbé ní ilé rẹ̀ fún oṣù méje. Níkẹyìn ó tún dé Pisania ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Okudu kẹfà ọdún 1797. Nítorí pé kò lè ṣe ìwé ìrìnàjò lọ sí England tààrà láti [[Banjul|Bathurst]], ó wọ ọkọ̀ ojú omi ẹrú kan tí ó ń lọ sí [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] . Nítorí pé ó ti kọ́ èdè Mandinka nígbà ìrìn àjò rẹ̀, ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí dókítà fún àwọn ẹrú, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn sì kú lójú ọ̀nà.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Schaffer|first=Matt|title=Bound to Africa: The Mandinka Legacy in the New World|journal=History in Africa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=32|year=2005|issn=03615413|jstor=20065748|pages=321–369|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20065748|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n fipá mú ọkọ̀ ojú omi náà láti gúnlẹ̀ sí [[Ántígúà|Antigua]], níbi tí ó ti padà sí Britain ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù Kejìlá. Wọ́n ti rò pé ó ti kú, àti pé nígbà tí ó padà sílé pẹ̀lú ìròyìn nípa ìwádìí rẹ̀ lórí Odò Niger, ó mú kí gbogbo ènìyàn ní ìtara gidigidi. Bryan Edwards ló kọ ìtàn ìrìn àjò rẹ̀ fún Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Adúláwọ̀, ìtàn rẹ̀ tó kún rẹ́rẹ́ sì fara hàn ní ọdún 1799 ( ''Ìrìn àjò ní Inú Ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà'' ). Park pàdé [[Slavery in Africa|àwọn ẹrú]] kan nígbà tí wọ́n ń rìnrìn àjò gba orílẹ̀-èdè Mandinka kọjá ní [[Mali]] òde òní tàbí nítòsí rẹ̀: Ìwé rẹ̀ ''Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa'' di ìwé tí ó tà jùlọ nítorí pé ó ṣàlàyé ohun tí ó kíyèsí, ohun tí ó bori, àti àwọn ènìyàn tí ó pàdé. Tí Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Adúláwọ̀ bá jẹ́ “ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò ìwádìí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ” nígbà náà Mungo Park, olùṣàwárí rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ṣe àṣeyọrí, gbé ìlànà kalẹ̀ fún gbogbo àwọn tí ó tẹ̀lé e. Lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀, ìfe ìṣèlú ará Europe sí Áfíríkà pọ̀ sí i. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa tó pẹ́ jùlọ nínú ìrìn àjò Park ni ipa tó ní lórí ìfẹ́ àwọn ará Yúróòpù ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún. === Àwọn Òkè Kong === Wọ́n gbe ori yin fun Mungo Park lóri ìròyìn àtilẹ̀wá nípa àwọn Òkè Kong, òkè ńlá kan tí wọ́n ń gbọ́ pé ó wà ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà, tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ nítòsí orísun [[Odò Ọya|Odò Niger]] tó sì tàn ká ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà láti ìlà oòrùn sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn. Lẹ́yìn náà, James Rennell, Onímọ̀ nípa ilẹ̀ ayé ati ayaworan, ṣe àtẹ̀jáde àwọn máàpù tí ó ń ṣàfihàn àwọn òkè ńlá tí a rò pé wọ́n wà.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bassett|first1=Thomas J.|last2=Porter|first2=Philip W.|title='From the Best Authorities': The Mountains of Kong in the Cartography of West Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1991_32_3/page/n6|journal=The Journal of African History|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=32|issue=3|year=1991|issn=0021-8537|doi=10.1017/s0021853700031522|pages=367–413}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ìjíròrò lórí oro nan, ọ̀gágun àti olùṣàwárí ilẹ̀ Faransé Louis-Gustave Binger ròyìn ní gbangba lẹ́yìn ìrìnàjò rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1887-88 pé àwọn Òkè Kong kò sí níbẹ̀.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bassett|first1=Thomas J.|last2=Porter|first2=Philip W.|title='From the Best Authorities': The Mountains of Kong in the Cartography of West Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1991_32_3/page/n6|journal=The Journal of African History|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=32|issue=3|year=1991|issn=0021-8537|doi=10.1017/s0021853700031522|pages=367–413}}</ref> === Láàrin ìrìn àjò === [[Fáìlì:Mungo_Park's_doorplate_from_his_house_in_Peebles,_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg|thumb| Àwo ìlẹ̀kùn Mungo Park láti ilé rẹ̀ ní Peebles, Ilé Ìkóhun-Ìṣẹ̀dá Orílẹ̀-èdè Scotland]] Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Foulshiels, ní oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1799, Park fẹ́ Allison, ọmọbìnrin ọ̀gá rẹ̀, Thomas Anderson.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mungo Park, the African traveler : Lupton, Kenneth : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/mungoparkafrican0001lupt|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ kan láti lọ sí New South Wales ní ipò ìjọba kan kò já mọ́ nǹkan kan, ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1801, Park kó lọ sí Peebles, níbi tí ó ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí oníṣègùn.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mungo Park, the African traveler : Lupton, Kenneth : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/mungoparkafrican0001lupt|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> === Ìrìnàjò kejì === Ní ọdún 1803, ìjọba pè Park láti ṣe aṣíwájú ìrìnàjò mìíràn sí Niger. Park, ẹni tí ó bínú sí líle àti àìbalẹ̀ ìgbésí ayé ní Peebles, gba ìfilọ́lẹ̀ náà, ṣùgbọ́n ìrìn àjò náà ni idadúró díẹ̀. Apá kan lára àkókò ìdúró náà ni ó fi kọ́ [[èdè Lárúbáwá]] rẹ̀ dáadáa; olùkọ́ rẹ̀, Sidi Ambak Bubi, jẹ́ ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ Mogador (tí ó ń jẹ́ Essaouira ní Morocco ni ode oni) ẹni tí ìwà re ya awon eniyan Peebles lenu. [[Fáìlì:Mungo_Parks_Route_1795-97_and_1805-06.png|left|thumb|350x350px| Maapu ìrìn àjò Mungo Park]] Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1804, Park padà sí Foulshiels, níbi tí ó ti pàdé Walter Scott, tí ó ń gbé nítòsí Ashiestil nígbà náà, tí ó sì di ọ̀rẹ́ láìpẹ́. Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án, wọ́n pe Park sí London láti lọ sí ìrìn àjò tuntun náà; ó fi òwe ìrètí sílẹ̀ fún Scott pé, “Àwọn àmì máa ń tẹ̀lé àwọn tí wọ́n bá wò wọ́n.” Nígbà náà Park ti gba èrò náà pé Niger àti Congo jẹ́ ọ̀kan, nínú ìwé ìrántí kan tí a gbé kalẹ̀ kí ó tó kúrò ní Britain ó kọ̀wé pé: “Ìrètí mi láti padà sí Congo kì í ṣe àlá lásán.” Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kìíní ọdún 1805, ó wọ ọkọ̀ ojú omi láti Portsmouth lọ sí [[Gámbíà|Gambia]], lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti fún un ní àṣẹ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ọ̀gágun gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ìrìn àjò ìjọba. Alexander Anderson, àbúrò ọkọ rẹ̀ àti igbákejì rẹ̀, ti gba ipò aṣojú. George Scott, tí ó jẹ́ eniti oun gbe ni eti aala, jẹ́ ayàwòrán, àwọn ayàwòrán mẹ́rin tàbí márùn-ún sì wà nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà. Ní Gorée (tí ó wà ní ìgbà náà ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì), Lieutenant Martyn, RA, àwọn ọmọ ogun márùndínlógójì àti àwọn atukọ̀ ojú omi méjì dara pọ̀ mọ́ Park. Ìrìn àjò náà ko bẹ̀rẹ̀ titi di àsìkò òjò, wọn kò sì dé Niger títí di àárín oṣù kẹjọ, nígbà tí àwọn ará Yúróòpù mọ́kànlá péré ló kù láàyè; àwọn tó kù ti kú nítorí ibà tàbí ìgbẹ́ gbuuru.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Niger explored : Bovill, E. W : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|date=2016-10-23|url=https://archive.org/details/nigerexplored0000bovi/page/n5/mode/2up|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> Láti [[Bamako]] ni wọ́n ti ń fi ọkọ̀ ojú omi ṣe ìrìn àjò lọ sí Ségou . Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba àṣẹ láti ọ̀dọ̀ alákòóso àdúgbò náà, Mansong Diarra, láti tẹ̀síwájú, ní Sansanding, ní ìsàlẹ̀ Ségou díẹ̀, Park ti múra sílẹ̀ fún ìrìn àjò rẹ̀ sí ìsàlẹ̀ apá odò náà tí a kò tí ì mọ̀. Nígbà tí ọmọ ogun kan ṣoṣo tó lè ṣiṣẹ́ ràn án lọ́wọ́, Park yí ọkọ̀ ojú omi méjì padà sí ọkọ̀ ojú omi tó dára, gígùn re je iwon bata ogoji àti iwon bata mefa ni fife re. Ó sọ èyí di orúkọ ọ̀mọ̀wé HM, ''Joliba'' (orúkọ ìbílẹ̀ fún Odò Niger), nínú rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tó kù, ó wọ ọkọ̀ ojú omi lọ sí ìsàlẹ̀ odo nan ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù kọkànlá. Anderson ti kú ní Sansanding ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹwàá, nínú rẹ̀ Park ti pàdánù ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ díẹ̀ tó ṣẹ́kù. Àwọn tó rin irin ajo ''Joliba'' ni Park, Martyn, àwọn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù mẹ́ta (aláìgbọ́n kan), amọ̀nà kan àti àwọn ẹrú mẹ́ta. Kí ó tó lọ, Park fún Isaaco, amọ̀nà Mandingo kan tí ó ti wà pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ títí di àkókò yìí, ní lẹ́tà láti mú padà sí [[Gámbíà|Gambia]] kí wọ́n lè gbé e lọ sí Britain. Àwọn oníṣòwò Mùsùlùmí ní apá yìí ní Niger kò gbàgbọ́ pé Park ń ṣe àwárí fún ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n lásán, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ńi igbagbo wipe oun wá ipa ọ̀nà ìṣòwò Yúróòpù, wọ́n rí Park gẹ́gẹ́ bí ewu sí agbára ìṣòwò wọn. Wọ́n lo Mansong Diarra láti pa Park, nígbà tí Mansong kò ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n lo àwọn ẹ̀yà tí wọ́n wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ odò náà láti pa Park. Park lóye ìṣèlú, ó sì gba ìlànà láti jìnnà sí etíkun sugbon yo kọlu ẹnikẹ́ni tó bá sún mọ́ ọn. Nínú ilana náà, ó tún yẹra fún sísan owó orí/àbẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ láti kọjá ní agbegbe ti o ba gba koja, èyí sì mú ìbínú àwọn ọba ìbílẹ̀ wá, tí wọ́n fi máa ń rán àwọn ìránṣẹ́ lọ sí ẹ̀yà kejì tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ odò pe ẹni tí ó léwu kan ń bọ̀ wá sí ọ̀dọ̀ wọn. Síwájú sí i, ìlànà Park láti kọ́kọ́ yinbọn àti láti má ṣe bá àwọn ará ìlú lòpọ̀, nígbà míìrán pípa ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ nípa lílo agbára ìbọn tó ga jùlọ, eyi lo sọ àwọn ará Yúróòpù di ohun tí a kò fẹ́ mọ́. Fún ìyàwó rẹ̀, Park kọ̀wé nípa èrò rẹ̀ láti má dúró tàbí kí ó balẹ̀ níbikíbi títí tí ó fi dé etíkun, níbi tí ó retí láti dé ní ìparí oṣù kìíní ọdún 1806. Àwọn ìjíròrò ìkẹyìn tí a gbà láti ọ̀dọ̀ Park nìyí, a kò sì gbọ́ ohunkóhun mọ́ nípa ẹgbẹ́ náà títí tí ìròyìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àjálù fi dé Gambia. === Ikú === [[Fáìlì:Mungo_Park_Monument,_Selkirk,_Scotland.JPG|thumb| Àkójọ ìrántí Mungo Park ní Selkirk, Scotland láti ọwọ́ Andrew Currie]] Níkẹyìn, ìjọba ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì yan Isaaco láti lọ sí Niger láti mọ ipo tí Park wa. Ní Sansanding, Isaaco rí Amadi Fatouma (Isaaco ma un pè é ní Amaudy), olùdarí tí ó ti lọ sí ìsàlẹ̀ odo pẹ̀lú Park, àti pé ìwádìí Hugh Clapperton àti Richard Lander fi hàn pé ìtàn tí ó sọ pé ó péye gan-an. Amadi Fatouma sọ pé ọkọ̀ ojú omi Park ti sọ̀kalẹ̀ sí odò títí dé Sibby láìsí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kankan. Lẹ́yìn Sibby, àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi ibile mẹ́ta lé wọn, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Park sì fi ìbọn lé àwọn tí wọ́n ń lépa wọn. Irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan náà ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Cabbara àti ní Toomboucouton. Ní Gouroumo, àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi méje lé wọn. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹgbẹ́ náà kú nítorí àìsàn tó fi “àwọn ọkùnrin oyinbo mẹ́rin sílẹ̀, èmi [Amadi], àti àwọn ẹrú mẹ́ta”. Ẹnìkọ̀ọ̀kan (pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹrú) ní “ibon màrúndínlógún, tí wọ́n kún fún ota ibon dáadáa, tí wọ́n sì ti múra tán láti ṣe iṣẹ́ nígbà gbogbo”. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti kọjá ilé ọba Goloijigi, ọgọ́ta ọkọ̀ ojú omi ló tẹ̀lé wọn, èyí tí wọ́n “kọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n pa ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ará ìlú.” Síwájú sí i, wọ́n pàdé ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun orílẹ̀-èdè Poule, wọ́n sì dúró sí ẹ̀gbẹ́ kejì láti yẹra fún ìgbésẹ̀ kankan. === Àbájáde === Amadi san owo fun ọkunrin [[Àwọn Fúlàní|Peulh]] kan lati gba igbanu idà Park. Lẹ́yìn náà, Amadi padà sí Sansanding ní àkọ́kọ́, lẹ́yìn náà ó padà sí Segou . Lẹ́yìn náà, Amadi lọ sí Dacha ó sì sọ ohun tó ṣẹlẹ̀ fún ọba. Ọba rán ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun kan kọjá "Tombouctou" ( [[Timbuktu]] ) sí Sacha ṣùgbọ́n ó pinnu pé Haoussa ti jìnnà jù fún ìrìn àjò ìjìyà. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n lọ sí Massina, ìlú kékeré kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní "Paul" [[Àwọn Fúlàní|Peulh]] níbi tí wọ́n ti kó gbogbo ẹran ọ̀sìn wọn padà sílé. Ó dà bíi pé Amadi jẹ́ ara ìrìn àjò yìí: "A padà dé Sego pátápátá" ( Segou ). Amadi lẹhinna pada si Sansanding nipasẹ Sego. Níkẹyìn, ọkùnrin Peulh gba ìgbànú idà náà, lẹ́yìn ìrìn àjò oṣù mẹ́jọ, ó pàdé Amadi, ó sì fún un ní ìgbànú náà. Isaaco pàdé Amadi ní Sego, lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ìgbànú idà náà, ó padà sí Senegal. Isaaco, àti Richard Lander, gba díẹ̀ lára àwọn ise ti Park se, ṣùgbọ́n ìwé ìròyìn rẹ̀ kò je awari. Ní ọdún 1827, ọmọ rẹ̀ kejì, Thomas, gúnlẹ̀ sí etíkun [[Guinea]], ó sì fẹ́ lọ sí Bussa, níbi tí ó ti rò pé ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n ti mú baba rẹ̀ ní ẹlẹ́wọ̀n; ṣùgbọ́n lẹ́yìn tí ó wọ inú ilu di e, ó kú nítorí ibà. Allison, opó Park, gba àdéhùn £4,000 tí wọ́n ti gbà tẹ́lẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Adúláwọ̀ nítorí ikú Mungo Park. Ó kú ní ọdún 1840. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé wọ́n ti sin òkú Mungo Park sí etí odò Niger ní Jebba, Nàìjíríà. Pẹ̀lú ikú Park, àṣírí odo Niger kò tíì yanjú. Ìrònú Park pé odò kan náà ni Niger àti Congo jẹ́ di èrò gbogbogbòò ní àwọn ọdún lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀ nígbà tí Park wà láàyè, onímọ̀ nípa ilẹ̀ ayé ará Germany kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Reichard dámọ̀ràn pé odò Niger ni ẹnu odò náà, ṣùgbọ́n èrò rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀, ero re ko je gbigba nitori wipe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ odò kéékèèké tí kò dà bíi pé ó ti odò ńlá kan wá. Ní ọdún 1821, James McQueen tẹ ìwé kan jáde, àbájáde ìwádìí ọdún mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n, nínú èyí tí ó ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ gbogbo ìtàn ilẹ̀ Niger ní tààràtà; ṣùgbọ́n, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Reichard, àwọn ẹ̀ro rẹ̀ kò gba àfiyèsí púpọ̀. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìrìn àjò tí kò yanju ni wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀, àmọ́ àṣírí náà yóò parí ní ọdún mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n lẹ́yìn ikú Park, ní ọdún 1830. Richard Lander àti àbúrò rẹ̀ di ará Yúróòpù àkọ́kọ́ tí ó tẹ̀lé ipa ọ̀nà odo Niger láti orísun sí òkun. Ọmọ rẹ̀ Mungo Park (1800–1823) kú ní Íńdíà nígbà tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún méjìlélógún, nígbà tí ó wà lenu iṣẹ́ ìjọba, wọ́n sì sin ín sí Trichinopoly. == Àmì Ẹ̀yẹ == Ẹgbẹ́ Royal Scottish Geographical Society máa ń pin ẹ̀bùn Mungo Park lọ́dọọdún ní ọlá Park.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mungo Park Medal|website=rsgs.org|url=http://rsgs.org/inspiring-people/medals-awards/mungo-park-medal/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214042/http://rsgs.org/inspiring-people/medals-awards/mungo-park-medal/|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-08-03}}</ref> == Nínú àwọn ìròyìn == Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1836, Richard Adams Locke (òǹkọ̀wé ìwé Great Moon Hoax ) kọ ''ìwé àfọwọ́kọ ìtàn àròsọ kan tí akole re un je Lost Manuscript of Mungo Park'', níbi tí Park ti ń ṣe àwárí inú ilẹ̀ ayé tí ó ṣofo . Ninu iwe kan ti Herman Melville ko ni odun 1851 ti akole re un je Moby-Dick, o daruko Park ninu iwe nan. Olórí ìtàn ìwé àwọn ọmọdé ''Chike and the River'' ti ọdún 1966 láti ọwọ́ [[Chinua Achebe]] sọ pé òun ní “as proud as Mungo Park” nígbà tí òun rí [[Odò Ọya|Odò Niger]]. Mungo Park farahàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn méjì nínú ìwé ìtàn TC Boyle ti ọdún 1981 '', Water Music'' . Àkọsílẹ̀ ìrìnàjò Tom Fremantle ti ọdún 2005, ''The Road to Timbuktu: Ní ìsàlẹ̀ Niger lórí Ọ̀nà Mungo Park,'' ṣe àlàyé ìtàn ìgbésí ayé Mungo Park, ó sì tún ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ìrìnàjò rẹ̀. Akọrin Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Ben Onono mẹ́nu ba Mungo Park nínú orin rẹ̀ "Badagry Beach". Akọrin ọmọ Naijiria [[Burna Boy]] mẹ́nu ba Park nínú orin rẹ̀ "Monsters You Made" lórí àwo orin ọdún 2020 ''Twice as Tall'' . == Àwọn iṣẹ́ == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1797|title=Descriptions of eight new fishes from Sumatra. Read 4 November 1794|journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society|volume=3|pages=33–38|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/753896|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1797.tb00553.x}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1799|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed Under the Direction and Patronage of the African Association, in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=W. Bulmer and Company|place=London|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park|author-mask=1}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1815|title=The Journal of a Mission to the Interior of Africa, in the Year 1805: Together with other documents, official and private, relating to the same mission : to which is prefixed an account of the life of Mr. Park|publisher=John Murray|place=London|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofmission00park|author-mask=1}}{{sfn|Gifford|1815}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|author-mask=1|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park_1|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796 & 1797, with an Account of a Subsequent Mission to That Country in 1805|publisher=George Newnes|location=London|year=1903|orig-year=1799-1815|ref=none}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=John Murray|place=London|year=1816a|author-mask=1|volume=1|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio01park|ref=none}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=John Murray|place=London|year=1816b|author-mask=1|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89INAAAAQAAJ|ref=none}} {{refend}} == Àwọn Orísun == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1797|title=Descriptions of eight new fishes from Sumatra. Read 4 November 1794|journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society|volume=3|pages=33–38|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/753896|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1797.tb00553.x}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1799|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed Under the Direction and Patronage of the African Association, in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=W. Bulmer and Company|place=London|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park|author-mask=1}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1815|title=The Journal of a Mission to the Interior of Africa, in the Year 1805: Together with other documents, official and private, relating to the same mission : to which is prefixed an account of the life of Mr. Park|publisher=John Murray|place=London|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofmission00park|author-mask=1}}{{sfn|Gifford|1815}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|author-mask=1|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park_1|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796 & 1797, with an Account of a Subsequent Mission to That Country in 1805|publisher=George Newnes|location=London|year=1903|orig-year=1799-1815|ref=none}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=John Murray|place=London|year=1816a|author-mask=1|volume=1|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio01park|ref=none}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=John Murray|place=London|year=1816b|author-mask=1|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89INAAAAQAAJ|ref=none}} {{refend}} == Kíkà síwájú síi == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1797|title=Descriptions of eight new fishes from Sumatra. Read 4 November 1794|journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society|volume=3|pages=33–38|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/753896|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1797.tb00553.x}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1799|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed Under the Direction and Patronage of the African Association, in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=W. Bulmer and Company|place=London|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park|author-mask=1}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|year=1815|title=The Journal of a Mission to the Interior of Africa, in the Year 1805: Together with other documents, official and private, relating to the same mission : to which is prefixed an account of the life of Mr. Park|publisher=John Murray|place=London|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofmission00park|author-mask=1}}{{sfn|Gifford|1815}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|author-mask=1|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio00park_1|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796 & 1797, with an Account of a Subsequent Mission to That Country in 1805|publisher=George Newnes|location=London|year=1903|orig-year=1799-1815|ref=none}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=John Murray|place=London|year=1816a|author-mask=1|volume=1|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsininterio01park|ref=none}} * {{cite book|last=Park|first=Mungo|title=Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797|publisher=John Murray|place=London|year=1816b|author-mask=1|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89INAAAAQAAJ|ref=none}} {{refend}} == Awon Itokasi == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1806]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1771]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]] [[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]] kinbmdkqa1jcw29et3j5qoi7k4qfob6 Imú Lílu 0 82561 632090 631605 2026-08-19T17:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox piercing | name = Nose piercing | nicknames = Nostril ring, nose ring, septum piercing | image = Ŭǵiyakŭ--Nunivak 3c01193v.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_capt = Alaska woman wearing nose ring and [[labret]] piercing, [[Nunivak Island]], 1929 | location = [[Human nose|Nose]] ([[nostril]], [[nasal septum]], nose bridge) | jewelry = Nose stud, nose bone, [[circular barbell]], [[curved barbell]], [[captive bead ring]] | healing time = 3 to 4 months for nostril and bridge, 1.5 to 2 for septum |Origins=[[Middle East]], [[Ancient Israel]]}} '''Imú Lílu''' ni fífi [[ihò]] sínú [[Àwọ̀]] [[ara]] tí ó jẹ́ [[apá]] kan nínú imú, èyí tí a sábà máa ń ṣe nítorí wíwọ ohun ọ̀ṣọ́, tí a ń pè ní ọ̀ṣọ́ imú. <ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Ladizinski |first1=Barry |last2=Nutan |first2=F. N. U. |last3=Lee |first3=Kachiu C. |title=Nose Piercing: Historical Significance and Potential Consequences |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama-dermatology_2013-02_149_2/page/142 |journal=JAMA Dermatology |date=February 2013 |volume=149 |issue=2 |page=142 |doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.1568 |pmid=23426468 }}</ref> Lára onírúurú ọ̀nà ara lílu ni dídá ihò imú lu wà (nostril piercing) ni ó wọ́pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref name=":1" /> == Ìtàn == [[File:Terracota púnica de Ibiza (M.A.N. 1923-60-513) 01.jpg|thumb|[[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginia]]n female figure with gold nose piercing, 400–201 BCE]] '''imú lílu''' ti wà ní onírúurú agbègbè káàkiri ayé láti ìgbà pípẹ́, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìtàn àti àṣà ṣe fi hàn. Wọ́n tún ti ṣàkọsílẹ̀ ìṣe yìí láàárín àwọn àwùjọ abínibí kan ní ilẹ̀ [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Americas]] àti [[Indigenous Australians|Australia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stirn |first1=Aglaja |title=Body piercing: medical consequences and psychological motivations |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_2003-04-05_361_9364/page/1205 |journal=The Lancet |date=April 2003 |volume=361 |issue=9364 |pages=1205–1215 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12955-8 |pmid=12686054 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Voon |first1=Claire |title=Archaeologists unearth ancient Mayan nose jewelry at dig site in Mexico |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/ancient-maya-nose-bone-ornament-scn-tan/index.html |work=CNN |date=1 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Clevelandart 2005.177.jpg|thumb|Nose ornament from the [[Moche culture]], {{Circa}} 100–300 CE|left]] Ní ilẹ̀ [[America]], a lè tọpa ìtàn imú lílu padà sí àkókò ṣáájú kí àwọn ará [[Europe]] tó dé Amẹ́ríkà àti sí àkókò ìjọba amúnisìn, káàkiri Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà àti Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ayẹyẹ tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ipò àti [[ọlá]] ẹni ni wọ́n gbẹ́ sí [[orí]] [[ògiri]] Tẹ́ńpìlì Àríwá ti pápá eré bọ́ọ̀lù ńlá ní [[Chichen Itza|Chichin Itza]].<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine |last1=Villela |first1=Khristaan |last2=Koontz |first2=Rex |title=A Nose Piercing Ceremony in the North Temple of the Great Ballcourt at Chichén Itzá |date=February 1993 |magazine=Texas Notes on Precolumbian Art, Writing, and Culture |issue=41 |hdl=2152/15895 |hdl-access=free |oclc=1073558164 }}</ref> == Lílu Ihò Imú == [[File:Nose-rings (1836) - TIMEA.jpg|thumb|Drawing of an Egyptian woman wearing an engraved nose ring, as drawn by [[Edward William Lane|Edward Lane]] in his book ''An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians''|left]] [[File:(Detail) Bedouin Woman Palestine NINO F Scholten Tel Aviv 401-450 18.jpg|thumb|Woman with nose ornament, [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], {{Circa}} 1920s]] Lílu ihò imú jẹ́ àṣà lílu apá kan nínú imú láti lè fi ohun ọ̀ṣọ́ sínú ihò imú náà. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìtàn ní [[Egypt]] fi hàn pé àwọn obìnrin ni wọ́n máa ń wọ ohun ọ̀ṣọ́ lílu imú. Bí ohun ọ̀ṣọ́ imú ṣe rí ní [[Egypt]] yàtọ̀ sí ti àwọn àgbègbè,mìíràn ṣùgbọ́n oríṣìíríṣìí imú Lílu ti wà ní gbogbo Egypt, láàárín àwọn [[obìnrin]] tó ń gbé ní àwọn [[ìlú]] àti àwọn tó ń gbé ní agbègbè aṣálẹ̀. Àyàfi ní Siwa nígbà tí àwọn [[obìnrin]] mìíràn ní Marsa Matruh máa ń wọ òrùka imú, àwọn obìnrin Siwi kì í wọ̀ ọ́. Ní Oke Íjíbítì, wọ́n sábà máa ń pe [[òrùka]] [[imú]] ní Khuzam, orúkọ tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti àwọn ọdún 1830. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Lane ṣe sọ, àwọn òrùka imú tí wọ́n ń lò ní àkókò rẹ̀ jẹ́ bàbà tí ìwọ̀n àyíká rẹ̀ jẹ́ láti inṣi kan sí inṣi kan àti ààbọ̀, tí wọ́n sì máa ń so àwọn ilẹ̀kẹ̀ mọ́ wọn, tí àwọn obìnrin sì ń wọ̀ wọ́n sí apá [[Ọ̀tún]] imú. <ref>{{cite book|title=An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians |chapter=|first=Edward|last=Lane|author-link=Edward William Lane|year=1908|page=576|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-1-61797-244-7}}</ref> [[File:Septum piercing.jpg|thumb|upright|Large-[[American wire gauge|gauge]] septum piercing]] [[File:FulaniWoman.jpg|thumb|left|[[Fulani]] woman with traditional nose ring and mouth tattoo|240x240px]] [[File:Jhamke Bulaki.JPG|alt=A woman in eastern Nepal wearing Jhamke Bulaki (a septum ring with ornamental designs)|thumb|A woman in eastern Nepal wearing ''Jhamke Bulaki'' (a septum ring with ornamental designs)]] == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == k90wv0rmiecdol07eacd0pi3vczrnmh Ìyẹ́ 0 82659 632172 631988 2026-08-19T19:34:14Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 632172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Body-covering structure of birds}} {{Other uses}} {{pp-move}} {{protection padlock|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} [[File:Types de plumes. - Larousse pour tous, -1907-1910-.jpg|thumb|Feather variations]] Àwọn '''ìyẹ́'' 'jẹ́ àwọn ìdàgbàsókè àwọ̀n òde ara (epidermis) tí ń hù láti [[ára]] àwọn [[ẹyẹ]]] , tí wọ́n sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bíi [[àwọ̀]] [[ara]] tàbí [[aṣọ]] tí ń bo ara àwọn ẹranko. Ìyẹ́ kì í ṣe ohun tí ó wà lára àwọn ẹyẹ nìkan; àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti rí ẹ̀rí pé díẹ̀ lára àwọn [[dinosaur]] tí kì í ṣe ẹyẹ àti àwọn [[archosaur]] mìíràn náà ní irú ìdàgbàsókè tó jọ ìyẹ́ tó wà lára àwọn [[ẹyẹ]]. Ìyẹ́ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìgbékalẹ̀ tó ní ìṣòro àti ìdípọ̀ jù lọ tí ń bo ara àwọn [[ẹranko]] tí wọ́n ní [[egungun]] [[ẹ̀yìn]]<ref name=Prum2002>{{Cite journal|author1=[[Richard Prum|Prum, Richard O]]. |author2=AH Brush |year=2002|title=The evolutionary origin and diversification of feathers|journal=[[The Quarterly Review of Biology]]|volume=77|issue=3|url=http://www.yale.edu/eeb/prum/pdf/Prum_n_Brush_2002.pdf|pages=261–295|doi=10.1086/341993|pmid=12365352|s2cid=6344830|access-date=7 July 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629175850/http://www.yale.edu/eeb/prum/pdf/Prum_n_Brush_2002.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Prum2003">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0303-84 |date=March 2003 |author1=Prum, R.O. |author2=Brush, A.H |name-list-style=amp |title=Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird? |journal=[[Scientific American]] |volume=288 |issue=3 |pages=84–93 |doi-broken-date=10 August 2026 |url=http://www.yale.edu/eeb/prum/pdf/Prum_n_Brush_2003.pdf |access-date=7 July 2010 |pmid=12616863 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629175910/http://www.yale.edu/eeb/prum/pdf/Prum_n_Brush_2003.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2011 |bibcode=2003SciAm.288c..84P }}</ref>.Ìdàgbàsókè wọn jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ pàtàkì ti ohun tuntun tí ìyípadà [[ẹ̀dá]] (evolution) mú wá.<ref name=Prum1999>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19991215)285:4<291::AID-JEZ1>3.0.CO;2-9 |year=1999 |author=Prum, Richard O |title=Development and Evolutionary Origin of Feathers |journal=Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution |volume=285 |issue=4 |pages=291–306 |pmid=10578107 |bibcode=1999JEZ...285..291P |url=http://www.ncsce.org/PDF_files/feathers/Prum%20feather.pdf |access-date=7 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409103417/http://ncsce.org/PDF_files/feathers/Prum%20feather.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2011 |archivedate=9 April 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409103417/http://ncsce.org/PDF_files/feathers/Prum%20feather.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Àwọn ìyẹ́ sì ní oríṣìíríṣìí [[iṣẹ́]]; wọ́n lè ran [[ẹyẹ]] lọ́wọ́ láti fò, láti dáàbò bo [[ara]] rẹ̀, láti pa [[ooru] [[ara]] mọ́, àti láti fi hàn fún ẹyẹ mìíràn ní àwọn [[àkókò]] kan. Ìyẹ́ tún jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn àbùdá pàtàkì tí ń yà àwọn [[ẹyẹ]] tí ó ṣì wà láàyè lónìí sọ́tọ̀ lọ́dọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ẹranko mìíràn. Nítorí náà, ìyẹ́ kì í ṣe ohun [[ọ̀ṣọ́]] ara ẹyẹ nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n ó jẹ́ ohun pàtàkì nínú ìgbé ayé, ìdàgbàsókè àti [[ìtàn]] ìyípadà [[ẹ̀dá]] àwọn [[ẹyẹ]].<ref name="iridescence">{{cite journal |last=Li |first=Quanguo |s2cid=206537426 |title=Reconstruction of ''Microraptor'' and the Evolution of Iridescent Plumage |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-03-09_335_6073/page/1215 |journal=Science |volume=335 |issue=6073 |pages=1215–1219 |date=9 March 2012 |doi=10.1126/science.1213780 |pmid=22403389 |bibcode=2012Sci...335.1215L}}</ref> == Ìpìlẹ̀ṣẹ̀ Ọ̀rọ̀ == [[File:Parts of feather modified.jpg|thumb|'''Parts of a feather:''' {{ordered list |Vane |Shaft, rachis |Barbs |Aftershaft, afterfeather |Quill, calamus}}]] Láti [[inú]] [[èdè]] [[Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]] Àtijọ́ “feþer” ni wọ́n ti ṣẹ̀dá feather tí Yorùbá mọ̀ sí ìyẹ́, tí ó sì ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ nínú [[èdè]] Jámánì. Ó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú “veer” nínú èdè Dutch àti “Feder” nínú èdè Jámánì. Gbogbo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ wọ̀nyí sì ní gbòǹgbò [[èdè]] Indo-European kan tí wọ́n jọ pín. Gbòǹgbò yìí tún ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú “patra” nínú èdè Sanskrit, tí ó túmọ̀ sí “ìyẹ́ apá” tàbí “apá ẹyẹ”, “penna” nínú èdè Látìn, tí ó túmọ̀ sí “ìyẹ́”, àti “pteron” àti “pterux” nínú èdè Gíríìkì, tí àwọn méjèèjì ń tọ́ka sí “ìyẹ́ apá” tàbí apá tí [[ẹyẹ]] fi ń fò. Àwọn ìyẹ́ ńlá tí wọ́n máa ń yọ lára àwọn ẹyẹ, pàápàá jù lọ àwọn ìyẹ́ tó lágbára tí wọ́n lè fi kọ̀wé, ni wọ́n máa ń lò láti ṣe àwọn ohun èlò ìkọ̀wé àtijọ́ tí a ń pè ní quill. Quill jẹ́ irú [[gègé]] àtijọ́ tí wọ́n máa ń fi ìyẹ́ [[ẹyẹ]] ṣe, tí wọ́n sì máa ń lo ó láti kọ̀wé. Èèyàn máa ń gé tàbí ṣe ìparí ìyẹ́ náà kí ó lè gba tàbí tu [[tákàdá]] sí orí bébà tàbí ohun tí a ń kọ̀wé sí. Ọ̀rọ̀ “pen” fúnra rẹ̀ wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ Látìn “penna”, tí ó túmọ̀ sí “ìyẹ́”. Ìdí nìyẹn tí ìtàn ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀rọ̀ náà fi ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyẹ́ tí wọ́n máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun èlò ìkọ̀wé ní [[ayé]] àtijọ́. Ní èdè Faransé, ọ̀rọ̀ “plume” lè túmọ̀ sí [[ìyẹ́]], quill tí a fi ń kọ̀wé, tàbí pẹ́ńì, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àyíká ọ̀rọ̀ tí a fi ń lò ó. Ohun pàtàkì jù lọ ni pé “feather” ni “ìyẹ́” ní èdè Yorùbá, nígbà tí “quill” jẹ́ ìyẹ́ [[ẹyẹ]] tí wọ́n ti ṣe sí ohun èlò ìkọ̀wé. Nítorí náà, ìyẹ́ kì í ṣe ohun tí ẹyẹ fi ń bo [[ara]] rẹ̀ nìkan; àwọn [[ènìyàn]] tún ti lo àwọn ìyẹ́ kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun èlò fún ìkọ̀wé. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pen%5B3%5D|title=pen(3)|work=The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|publisher=Merriam-Webster, Inc|access-date=16 October 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919225647/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pen%5B3%5D|archive-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> == Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ìṣesí == [[File:Feather_zipping_microstructure.svg|thumb|left|Feather microstructure showing interlocking barbules]] [[File:pigeon_down_SEM.tif|thumb|Anterior region of a contour feather from a [[rock dove]], visualized using [[scanning electron microscopy]]. Interlocking barbules are clearly seen in the middle image.]] Ìyẹ́ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfikún ara tí ó díjú jù lọ tí a rí nínú àwọn [[ẹranko]] tí ó ní egungun-ẹ̀yìn. Àwọn ìyẹ́ ń dàgbà nínú àwọn ihò kéékèèké tí a ń pè ní follicle, tí ó wà nínú epidermis, ìyẹn ìpele òde [[awọ]] [[ara]]. Àwọn follicle wọ̀nyí ni ń ṣe àwọn èròjà protein tí a ń pè ní keratin, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ohun pàtàkì nínú ìkọ́lé ìyẹ́. Àwọn β-keratin tí ó wà nínú ìyẹ́, beak àti claw, àti àwọn claw, scales àti shells àwọn ẹranko bíi ọ̀nì àti àwọn [[ẹranko]] ẹlẹ́jẹ̀jẹ̀ mìíràn, jẹ́ àwọn okùn protein tí ìdè hydrogen so pọ̀ sí ara wọn láti ṣe àwọn ìpele tí a ń pè ní β-pleated sheets. <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Biophys. J.| year= 1961| volume= 1| issue= 6| pages= 489–515|title=Studies on the Structure of Feather Keratin: II. A β-Helix Model for the Structure of Feather Keratin|first1= R. |last1= Schor |first2= S. |last2= Krimm |doi=10.1016/S0006-3495(61)86904-X |pmid=19431311 |pmc=1366335 |bibcode=1961BpJ.....1..489S}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Structure of Feather Rachis Keratin| first1= Linus |last1= Pauling |first2= Robert B. |last2= Corey| journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America| volume= 37| issue= 5| year= 1951| pages= 256–261| doi=10.1073/pnas.37.5.256| pmid= 14834148| pmc= 1063351| bibcode = 1951PNAS...37..256P | doi-access= free }}</ref> Kò sẹ́ni tó mọ àmọ̀dájú nípa àwọn àmì tàbí ìṣàkóso pàtó tí ń mú kí ìyẹ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dàgbà lórí awọ ara. Ṣùgbọ́n, a ti rí i pé ẹ̀dà ohun kan tí à ń pè ní cDermo-1 lè mú kí ìyẹ́ dàgbà lórí awọ ara, àti kí àwọn scales dàgbà lórí [[ẹsẹ̀]]. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornik| first1= C.|last2= Krishan|first2=K.|last3= Yusuf|first3=F.|last4= Scaal| first4= M.|last5= Brand-Saberi| first5= B.| year= 2005| title=cDermo-1 misexpression induces dense dermis, feathers, and scales|journal=Developmental Biology| volume= 277| issue= 1|pages=42–50| doi=10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.050| pmid= 15572138|doi-access= free}}</ref>. == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == 64uize32pl4d9goglzhcjc58kx1pw9c Àkójọ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n làmì-laka 0 82663 632122 2026-08-19T18:21:36Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363240518|List of Nigerians]]" 632122 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. 4jwwu6yt2mntmx8sh3eu0yjfsiw0fg8 632123 632122 2026-08-19T18:23:31Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* */ 632123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|none}} {{BLP sources|list|date=July 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}} {{Use Nigerian English|date=May 2026}} {{Nigerians}} Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. {{dynamic list|date=July 2013}} bkcmbns3yiyggrduugvu9gf3h4lyc02 632132 632123 2026-08-19T18:34:05Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* */ 632132 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ic2sp6aig64kr3pbbdnkjilnyxdr83f 632138 632132 2026-08-19T18:42:18Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba */ 632138 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} duebwi7nhq2kwdfuvt2e8jk8hv96qbq 632143 632138 2026-08-19T18:45:31Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn olóṣèlú */ 632143 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} 0kxmwcwpzr0wqvigr9e40596hbro76a 632145 632143 2026-08-19T18:46:37Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn ológun */ 632145 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} rk3d83to9ogtnsedgv48nuj4c52ad40 632146 632145 2026-08-19T18:48:02Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn olórin */ 632146 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} nz8oq8s0zs8hoqtd8srhs4wz94laqrg 632149 632146 2026-08-19T18:49:45Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn òṣèré */ 632149 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} asrnl4vl1f4z3ic682d6ovk7h6ido19 632160 632149 2026-08-19T19:04:54Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà */ 632160 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} 1fpl01pap57yyd34rbuytkleieqsi2i 632196 632160 2026-08-20T09:38:42Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn */ 632196 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara ar695kwnal6k0lb99r7n4m2lhe95w06 632197 632196 2026-08-20T09:39:37Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn Olùkọ́ */ 632197 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) first indigenous [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]] Lawyer<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> m706kgzpb95jxyyzkgoyjfn2p96huxj 632198 632197 2026-08-20T09:41:11Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Agbẹjọ́rò */ 632198 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> q4z62uu1fqi3i5grlvzup8tfncalod7 632199 632198 2026-08-20T09:42:26Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Agbẹjọ́rò */ 632199 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] lme1c2afb5kbh5w1hf2xat586pib3s8 632200 632199 2026-08-20T09:59:33Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Òǹkọ̀wé */ 632200 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} founder/CEO of CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Founding of the [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] & the National Bank of Nigeria. Businessman, olóṣèlú & Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà.. Founding of the [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> pub4pz3894umhcpn25mqxb2djgyz5ky 632201 632200 2026-08-20T10:02:17Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn oníṣòwò */ 632201 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} founder/CEO of CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> 13f50d5ns4paxyunvilv85km2yj8k9u 632202 632201 2026-08-20T10:03:34Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn oníṣòwò */ 632202 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} founder/CEO of CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * Alábùkún [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} tí [[Pope John Paul II]] ṣe ní alábùkún * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} dm6asx413vllwo37cybvg9al3vm0gj5 632203 632202 2026-08-20T10:05:57Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn oníṣòwò */ 632203 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * Alábùkún [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} tí [[Pope John Paul II]] ṣe ní alábùkún * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} iwfga1969dfvnx76idm08vtzd4wtft9 632204 632203 2026-08-20T10:07:57Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn */ 632204 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} tocaczpkvnxtwiltnd9h8a1qi57jfxg 632205 632204 2026-08-20T10:08:37Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn */ 632205 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} == Àwọn eléré ìdárayá == {{Main|List of Nigerian sportspeople}} 5fx600efurzsl2i0wdn7zmv9pig5ft3 632206 632205 2026-08-20T10:09:26Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn eléré ìdárayá */ 632206 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} == Àwọn eléré ìdárayá == {{Main|List of Nigerian sportspeople}} == Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Aminu Kano]] * [[Ayodele Awojobi]] * [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]] * [[Dele Giwa]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Funke Abimbola]] * [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Gani Fawehinmi]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kiki Mordi]] * [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Olisa Agbakoba]] * [[Omoyele Sowore]] * [[Segun Awosanya]] * [[Sonny Okosun]] * [[Festus Keyamo]] * [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] {{div col end}} riz6x06hwbm8lpkni1m8uca71y51cex 632207 632206 2026-08-20T10:10:33Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn */ 632207 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} == Àwọn eléré ìdárayá == {{Main|List of Nigerian sportspeople}} == Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Aminu Kano]] * [[Ayodele Awojobi]] * [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]] * [[Dele Giwa]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Funke Abimbola]] * [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Gani Fawehinmi]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kiki Mordi]] * [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Olisa Agbakoba]] * [[Omoyele Sowore]] * [[Segun Awosanya]] * [[Sonny Okosun]] * [[Festus Keyamo]] * [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ̀tàn Lórí Ẹ̀rọ-Arayajù. == {{Main|List of Nigerian bloggers}} *[[Kemi Adetiba]] *[[Uche Pedro]] cmbrm67yfiamxpc3bkt96u5llnqasnq 632208 632207 2026-08-20T10:12:03Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn Olùkọ̀tàn Lórí Ẹ̀rọ-Arayajù. */ 632208 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} == Àwọn eléré ìdárayá == {{Main|List of Nigerian sportspeople}} == Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Aminu Kano]] * [[Ayodele Awojobi]] * [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]] * [[Dele Giwa]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Funke Abimbola]] * [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Gani Fawehinmi]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kiki Mordi]] * [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Olisa Agbakoba]] * [[Omoyele Sowore]] * [[Segun Awosanya]] * [[Sonny Okosun]] * [[Festus Keyamo]] * [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ̀tàn Lórí Ẹ̀rọ-Arayajù. == {{Main|List of Nigerian bloggers}} *[[Kemi Adetiba]] *[[Uche Pedro]] == Àwọn Olùfihàn Àṣà-Ẹwà Kárí-ayé. == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Agbani Darego]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, [[Miss World 2001]] * [[Ibife Alufohai]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, Miss Valentine International 2010 àti olùdásílẹ̀ Miss Polo International * [[Mary Timms]]{{spaced ndash}} ojú Next Generation Entertainment Awards 2017 *[[Nelson Enwerem]]{{spaced ndash}} awòṣèré, akọni tẹlifíṣọ̀n àti olùbọ́rí [[Mr Nigeria|Mr Nigeria 2018]] * [[Oluchi Onweagba]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, ìdíje [[M-Net]] Face of Africa 1998 * [[Omowunmi Akinnifesi]] {{div col end}} 9xbalr2pjkg7fe8fhhwc8liwqrcj6v1 632209 632208 2026-08-20T10:17:25Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn Olùfihàn Àṣà-Ẹwà Kárí-ayé. */ 632209 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} == Àwọn eléré ìdárayá == {{Main|List of Nigerian sportspeople}} == Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Aminu Kano]] * [[Ayodele Awojobi]] * [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]] * [[Dele Giwa]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Funke Abimbola]] * [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Gani Fawehinmi]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kiki Mordi]] * [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Olisa Agbakoba]] * [[Omoyele Sowore]] * [[Segun Awosanya]] * [[Sonny Okosun]] * [[Festus Keyamo]] * [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ̀tàn Lórí Ẹ̀rọ-Arayajù. == {{Main|List of Nigerian bloggers}} *[[Kemi Adetiba]] *[[Uche Pedro]] == Àwọn Olùfihàn Àṣà-Ẹwà Kárí-ayé. == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Agbani Darego]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, [[Miss World 2001]] * [[Ibife Alufohai]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, Miss Valentine International 2010 àti olùdásílẹ̀ Miss Polo International * [[Mary Timms]]{{spaced ndash}} ojú Next Generation Entertainment Awards 2017 *[[Nelson Enwerem]]{{spaced ndash}} awòṣèré, akọni tẹlifíṣọ̀n àti olùbọ́rí [[Mr Nigeria|Mr Nigeria 2018]] * [[Oluchi Onweagba]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, ìdíje [[M-Net]] Face of Africa 1998 * [[Omowunmi Akinnifesi]] {{div col end}} == Ìmọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ == {{Main|List of Nigerian scientists and scholars}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Sulyman Age Abdulkareem]]{{spaced ndash}} akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀ àti onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà * [[Esther Titilayo Akinlabi]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà * [[Ayodele Awojobi]]{{spaced ndash}} akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ọlọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀-ẹ̀ka àti onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Olufemi Bamiro]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Philip Emeagwali]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí [[Gordon Bell Prize]] 1989 * [[Ozak Esu]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ iná-mọ́nà * [[Gordian Ezekwe]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ tí a mọ̀ fún bíbójútó ìkọ́lé rọ́kẹ́ẹ̀tì Biafra ní àkókò Ogun Abẹ́lé Nigeria * [[Akii Ibhadode]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Tele Ikuru]]{{spaded ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Ekei Essien Oku]] – obìnrin ará Nigeria àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ olórí ilé-ìkówèésí * [[Gbenga Sesan]]{{spaced ndash}} Aṣojú Ọ̀dọ́ Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Ìsọfúnni àkọ́kọ́ ti Nigeria * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ ní ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀dá-alààyè Nigeria * [[Rhoda Gumus]] – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ Kẹ́míkà àti Komíṣọ́nà Ìdìbò Orílẹ̀-èdè ti INEC {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìṣirò === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Chike Obi]]{{spaced ndash}} [[mathematician|onímọ̀-ìṣirò]] {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onísègùn === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Adeoye Lambo]]{{spaced ndash}} [[psychiatrist|onísègùn ọpọlọ]] *[[Abayomi Ajayi]]{{spaced ndash}} onísègùn abiyamọ *[[Ameyo Adadevoh]]{{spaced ndash}} a mọ̀ ọ́n sí ẹni tí ó dá ìtànkálẹ̀ [[Ebola virus]] dúró ní Nigeria *[[Bennet Omalu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[forensic pathologist|onímọ̀-àrùn òfin]] *[[Eyitayo Lambo]]{{spaced ndash}} [[health economist|onímọ̀-ọrọ̀-ajé ìlera]] àti [[technocrat|amòye-ẹ̀rọ]] *[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]]{{spaced ndash}} [[oncologist|onísègùn ẹ̀jẹ̀-ọ̀wọ̀n]] *[[Olumbe Bassir]]{{spaced ndash}} [[biochemist|onímọ̀-kẹ́míkà-ẹ̀dá-alààyè]] àti [[nutritionist|onímọ̀-oúnjẹ]] *[[Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah]] – onísègùn abiyamọ àti onísègùn ẹ̀yà-abo *[[Uchenna Okoye]] – onísègùn eyín ìṣàfihàn àti akọni agbéròyìnjáde *[[Ayibatonye Owei]] – onísègùn abiyamọ àti onísègùn ẹ̀yà-abo {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Anthony Adegbulugbe]] – akọṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ ìṣètò àti ìṣàkóso agbára *[[Nenibarini Zabbey]] – onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ àyíká àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Hydrobiology {{div col end}} eozmij58a8zj3v75zxxb4fl0hfbxeom 632210 632209 2026-08-20T10:18:14Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Ìmọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ */ 632210 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} == Àwọn eléré ìdárayá == {{Main|List of Nigerian sportspeople}} == Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Aminu Kano]] * [[Ayodele Awojobi]] * [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]] * [[Dele Giwa]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Funke Abimbola]] * [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Gani Fawehinmi]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kiki Mordi]] * [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Olisa Agbakoba]] * [[Omoyele Sowore]] * [[Segun Awosanya]] * [[Sonny Okosun]] * [[Festus Keyamo]] * [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ̀tàn Lórí Ẹ̀rọ-Arayajù. == {{Main|List of Nigerian bloggers}} *[[Kemi Adetiba]] *[[Uche Pedro]] == Àwọn Olùfihàn Àṣà-Ẹwà Kárí-ayé. == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Agbani Darego]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, [[Miss World 2001]] * [[Ibife Alufohai]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, Miss Valentine International 2010 àti olùdásílẹ̀ Miss Polo International * [[Mary Timms]]{{spaced ndash}} ojú Next Generation Entertainment Awards 2017 *[[Nelson Enwerem]]{{spaced ndash}} awòṣèré, akọni tẹlifíṣọ̀n àti olùbọ́rí [[Mr Nigeria|Mr Nigeria 2018]] * [[Oluchi Onweagba]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, ìdíje [[M-Net]] Face of Africa 1998 * [[Omowunmi Akinnifesi]] {{div col end}} == Ìmọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ == {{Main|List of Nigerian scientists and scholars}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Sulyman Age Abdulkareem]]{{spaced ndash}} akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀ àti onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà * [[Esther Titilayo Akinlabi]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà * [[Ayodele Awojobi]]{{spaced ndash}} akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ọlọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀-ẹ̀ka àti onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Olufemi Bamiro]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Philip Emeagwali]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí [[Gordon Bell Prize]] 1989 * [[Ozak Esu]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ iná-mọ́nà * [[Gordian Ezekwe]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ tí a mọ̀ fún bíbójútó ìkọ́lé rọ́kẹ́ẹ̀tì Biafra ní àkókò Ogun Abẹ́lé Nigeria * [[Akii Ibhadode]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Tele Ikuru]]{{spaded ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Ekei Essien Oku]] – obìnrin ará Nigeria àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ olórí ilé-ìkówèésí * [[Gbenga Sesan]]{{spaced ndash}} Aṣojú Ọ̀dọ́ Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Ìsọfúnni àkọ́kọ́ ti Nigeria * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ ní ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀dá-alààyè Nigeria * [[Rhoda Gumus]] – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ Kẹ́míkà àti Komíṣọ́nà Ìdìbò Orílẹ̀-èdè ti INEC {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìṣirò === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Chike Obi]]{{spaced ndash}} [[mathematician|onímọ̀-ìṣirò]] {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onísègùn === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Adeoye Lambo]]{{spaced ndash}} [[psychiatrist|onísègùn ọpọlọ]] *[[Abayomi Ajayi]]{{spaced ndash}} onísègùn abiyamọ *[[Ameyo Adadevoh]]{{spaced ndash}} a mọ̀ ọ́n sí ẹni tí ó dá ìtànkálẹ̀ [[Ebola virus]] dúró ní Nigeria *[[Bennet Omalu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[forensic pathologist|onímọ̀-àrùn òfin]] *[[Eyitayo Lambo]]{{spaced ndash}} [[health economist|onímọ̀-ọrọ̀-ajé ìlera]] àti [[technocrat|amòye-ẹ̀rọ]] *[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]]{{spaced ndash}} [[oncologist|onísègùn ẹ̀jẹ̀-ọ̀wọ̀n]] *[[Olumbe Bassir]]{{spaced ndash}} [[biochemist|onímọ̀-kẹ́míkà-ẹ̀dá-alààyè]] àti [[nutritionist|onímọ̀-oúnjẹ]] *[[Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah]] – onísègùn abiyamọ àti onísègùn ẹ̀yà-abo *[[Uchenna Okoye]] – onísègùn eyín ìṣàfihàn àti akọni agbéròyìnjáde *[[Ayibatonye Owei]] – onísègùn abiyamọ àti onísègùn ẹ̀yà-abo {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Anthony Adegbulugbe]] – akọṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ ìṣètò àti ìṣàkóso agbára *[[Nenibarini Zabbey]] – onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ àyíká àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Hydrobiology {{div col end}} == Àwọn awakọ̀ ojú-òfurufú == * [[Adeola Ogunmola Showemimo]] * [[Blessing Liman]] * [[Chinyere Kalu]] * [[Lola Odujinrin]] rzmzma274n00du1t77om8xa7dds6zkr 632211 632210 2026-08-20T10:19:30Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Àwọn awakọ̀ ojú-òfurufú */ 632211 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} == Àwọn eléré ìdárayá == {{Main|List of Nigerian sportspeople}} == Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Aminu Kano]] * [[Ayodele Awojobi]] * [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]] * [[Dele Giwa]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Funke Abimbola]] * [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Gani Fawehinmi]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kiki Mordi]] * [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Olisa Agbakoba]] * [[Omoyele Sowore]] * [[Segun Awosanya]] * [[Sonny Okosun]] * [[Festus Keyamo]] * [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ̀tàn Lórí Ẹ̀rọ-Arayajù. == {{Main|List of Nigerian bloggers}} *[[Kemi Adetiba]] *[[Uche Pedro]] == Àwọn Olùfihàn Àṣà-Ẹwà Kárí-ayé. == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Agbani Darego]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, [[Miss World 2001]] * [[Ibife Alufohai]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, Miss Valentine International 2010 àti olùdásílẹ̀ Miss Polo International * [[Mary Timms]]{{spaced ndash}} ojú Next Generation Entertainment Awards 2017 *[[Nelson Enwerem]]{{spaced ndash}} awòṣèré, akọni tẹlifíṣọ̀n àti olùbọ́rí [[Mr Nigeria|Mr Nigeria 2018]] * [[Oluchi Onweagba]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, ìdíje [[M-Net]] Face of Africa 1998 * [[Omowunmi Akinnifesi]] {{div col end}} == Ìmọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ == {{Main|List of Nigerian scientists and scholars}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Sulyman Age Abdulkareem]]{{spaced ndash}} akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀ àti onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà * [[Esther Titilayo Akinlabi]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà * [[Ayodele Awojobi]]{{spaced ndash}} akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ọlọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀-ẹ̀ka àti onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Olufemi Bamiro]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Philip Emeagwali]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí [[Gordon Bell Prize]] 1989 * [[Ozak Esu]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ iná-mọ́nà * [[Gordian Ezekwe]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ tí a mọ̀ fún bíbójútó ìkọ́lé rọ́kẹ́ẹ̀tì Biafra ní àkókò Ogun Abẹ́lé Nigeria * [[Akii Ibhadode]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Tele Ikuru]]{{spaded ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Ekei Essien Oku]] – obìnrin ará Nigeria àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ olórí ilé-ìkówèésí * [[Gbenga Sesan]]{{spaced ndash}} Aṣojú Ọ̀dọ́ Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Ìsọfúnni àkọ́kọ́ ti Nigeria * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ ní ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀dá-alààyè Nigeria * [[Rhoda Gumus]] – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ Kẹ́míkà àti Komíṣọ́nà Ìdìbò Orílẹ̀-èdè ti INEC {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìṣirò === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Chike Obi]]{{spaced ndash}} [[mathematician|onímọ̀-ìṣirò]] {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onísègùn === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Adeoye Lambo]]{{spaced ndash}} [[psychiatrist|onísègùn ọpọlọ]] *[[Abayomi Ajayi]]{{spaced ndash}} onísègùn abiyamọ *[[Ameyo Adadevoh]]{{spaced ndash}} a mọ̀ ọ́n sí ẹni tí ó dá ìtànkálẹ̀ [[Ebola virus]] dúró ní Nigeria *[[Bennet Omalu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[forensic pathologist|onímọ̀-àrùn òfin]] *[[Eyitayo Lambo]]{{spaced ndash}} [[health economist|onímọ̀-ọrọ̀-ajé ìlera]] àti [[technocrat|amòye-ẹ̀rọ]] *[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]]{{spaced ndash}} [[oncologist|onísègùn ẹ̀jẹ̀-ọ̀wọ̀n]] *[[Olumbe Bassir]]{{spaced ndash}} [[biochemist|onímọ̀-kẹ́míkà-ẹ̀dá-alààyè]] àti [[nutritionist|onímọ̀-oúnjẹ]] *[[Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah]] – onísègùn abiyamọ àti onísègùn ẹ̀yà-abo *[[Uchenna Okoye]] – onísègùn eyín ìṣàfihàn àti akọni agbéròyìnjáde *[[Ayibatonye Owei]] – onísègùn abiyamọ àti onísègùn ẹ̀yà-abo {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Anthony Adegbulugbe]] – akọṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ ìṣètò àti ìṣàkóso agbára *[[Nenibarini Zabbey]] – onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ àyíká àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Hydrobiology {{div col end}} == Àwọn awakọ̀ ojú-òfurufú == * [[Adeola Ogunmola Showemimo]] * [[Blessing Liman]] * [[Chinyere Kalu]] * [[Lola Odujinrin]] == Kàá Síwájú sí == {{portal|Biography|Lists|Nigeria}} * [[List of Nigerian Americans]] * [[List of Nigerian Britons]] h6l35fp33urj2lwcf8v03giytnx5vn9 632212 632211 2026-08-20T10:19:56Z Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim 31612 /* Kàá Síwájú sí */ 632212 wikitext text/x-wiki Eléyìí ni Àkójọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà]] nìyí. Orúko àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kokan tí wọ́n làmì-laka ni wà níbẹ̀, àmọ́ kì í ṣe gbogbo wọn ló wà níbẹ̀. == Àwọn Olùdarí àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ijoba == * [[Charles Abani]] – Olórí Àwọn Alákóso/Aṣojú àgbà tí ó ń gbé nílé iṣẹ́ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Yarima Ibrahim Abdullahi]] – Ọ̀gá àgbà ará Nàìjíríà, tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kọmíṣọ́nà Gíga Nigeria sí Malaysia àti Brunei * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí àgbà ti [[Department of Petroleum Resources]] * [[Adamu Abdu-Kafarati]] – Olùdájọ́ àgbà tẹ́lẹ̀ ti Ilé Ẹjọ́ Giga Apapọ̀ Nàìjíríà * [[Suleiman Kassim]] – Akọ̀wé fún Ilé iṣẹ́ fún ètò ìrìn-àjò * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdarí tẹ́lẹ̀ àti ògá àgbà fún [[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]][[National Biotechnology Development Agency|NABDA]] ==Àwọn olóṣèlú== === A–M === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abba Kyari]] – Olushakoso agba fun Alaga Aare Muhammadu Buhari ti o ti di oloogbe * [[Abdulkadir Kure]] * [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] * [[AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] * [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] * [[Abiola Ajimobi]] * [[Abubakar Momoh]] * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] – àdarí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ọrílé-èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adedeji Adeleke]] * [[Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]] * [[Adebayo Adepoju]] * [[Adebayo Alao-Akala]] * [[Adebayo Johnson Bankole]] * [[Adeoye Aribasoye]] * [[Adewale Egbedun]] * [[Adolphus Wabara]] * [[Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Ahmed Marafa]] * [[Ahmed Musa Dangiwa]] * [[Ajibola Basiru]] * [[Akanu Ibiam]] * [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] * [[Akinwumi Adesina]] * [[Alex Ekwueme]] * [[Alaba Omolaye-Ajileye]] - Agbẹjọ́rò orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà * [[Alhaji Idi Farouk]] * [[Ali Isa]] * [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]] * [[Alvan Ikoku]] * [[Aminu Tambuwal]] * [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] * [[Anyim Pius Anyim]] * [[Atiku Abubakar]] * [[Augustine Ukattah]] * [[Ayo Fayose]] * [[Azuka Okwuosa]] * [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] * [[Babajimi Adegoke Benson]] * [[Babalola Borishade]] * [[Babatunde Fashola]] * [[Benjamin Anyene]] * [[Benjamin Kalu]] * [[Bisayo Busari-Akinnadeju]] * [[Blessing Agbebaku]] * [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Patrick Ekpotu]] * [[Bonaventure Enemali]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Bunmi Dipo Salami]] * [[Busari Adelakun]] * [[Chike Obi]] * [[Chimaroke Nnamani]] * [[Chris Ekiyor]] * [[Christopher Okojie]] * [[Christopher Pere Ajuwa]] * [[Chuba Okadigbo]] * [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Cornelius Adebayo]] * [[Dele Belgore]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Dapo Folorunsho Asaju]] * [[Dipo Dina]] * [[David Umahi]] * [[David Dafinone]] * [[David Edevbie]] * [[David Mark]] * [[Dennis Osadebay]] * [[Desmond Elliot]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Dora Akunyili]] * [[Edwin Clark (politician)|Edwin Clark]] * [[Effiong Okon Eyo]] * [[Emem Usoro]] * [[Emomotimi Agama]] * [[Ernest Shonekan]] * [[Evan Enwerem]] * [[Elvert Ayambem]] * [[Enitan Badru]] * [[Fadjimata Maman Dioula Sidibé]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]] * [[Florence Ita Giwa]] * [[Franca Afegbua]] * [[Gbenga Daniel]] * [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]] * [[Godwin Obaseki]] * [[Goodluck Jonathan]] * [[Gordian Ezekwe]] * [[Hadiza Bala Usman]] * [[Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]] * [[Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed]] * [[Herbert Macaulay]] * [[Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]] * [[Ibrahim Babangida]] * [[Ike Ekweremadu]] * [[Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim]] * [[Isa Mohammed Bagudu]] * [[Issoufou Assoumane]] * [[Iyorchia Ayu]] * [[Jaja Wachuku]] * [[Janet Akinrinade]] * [[Jibrin Ndagi Baba]] * [[Joe Acha]] * [[John Bonzena]] * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Joseph Wayas]] * [[Joy Emodi]] * [[Julius Abure]] * [[K. O. Mbadiwe]] * [[Kande Balarabe]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kayode Fayemi]] * [[Ken Erics]] * [[Ladoke Akintola]] * [[Lateef Adegbite]] * [[Lola Abiola-Edewor]] * [[Love Ezema]] * [[Khalil Halilu]] * [[Ken Nnamani]] * [[Malik Ado-Ibrahim]] * [[Margaret Ekpo]] * [[Michael Ajegbo]] * [[Michael Okpara]] * [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]] * [[Mohammed Bello-Koko]] * [[Mohammed Barkindo]] * [[Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi]] * [[Mohammed Mustapha Namadi]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Murtala Muhammed]] * [[Musa Babayo]] {{div col end}} === N–Z === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Nasir Adhama]] * [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] * [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]{{spaced ndash}} àkókò [[Ààrẹ Orile-ede Naijiria]] * [[Nwafor Orizu]]{{spaced ndash}} Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kejì ti Nàìjíríà. (1965–1966) * [[Nyesom Wike]] * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Oloye Akin Alabi]] * [[Oludaisi Elemide]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Olusola Saraki]] * [[O. C. Adesina]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa ìmò ìtàn ni [[Yunifásítì Ibadan]] àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n káríayé nípa ìmò ìtàn ní [[University of Manchester]] * [[Owoidighe Ekpoatai]] * [[Patricia Etteh]] * [[Patrick Asadu]] * [[Patrick Obahiagbon]] * [[Paul Ururuka]] * [[Peter Obi]] * [[Peter Odili]] * [[Philip Agbese]] * [[Philip Effiong]] * [[Philip Ikeazor]] * [[Princess Pat Ajudua]] * [[Remi Babalola]] * [[Reno Omokri]] * [[Richard Bamisile]] * [[Rochas Okorocha]] * [[Rotimi Amaechi]] * [[Rukayya Dawayya]] * [[S. A. Ajayi]] * [[Saidu Musa Abdullahi]] * [[Saleh Mamman]] * [[Salihu Yakubu-Danladi]] * [[Sam Obi]] * [[Samuel Adesina]] * [[Sani Abdullahi Shinkafi]] * [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]] * [[Segun "Aeroland" Adewale]] * [[Shehu Shagari]] * [[Shuaib Oba Abdulraheem]] * [[Soji Adejumo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abusidiqu.com/controversial-letter-obasanjo-hold-closed-door-meeting-with-loyalists/|title=Controversial Letter: Obasanjo Hold Closed Door Meeting with Loyalists - Abusidiqu|publisher=abusidiqu.com|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> * [[Stephen Adewale]] * [[Stephen Makoji Achema]] * [[Sullivan Chime]] * [[Tajudeen Adeyemi Adefisoye]] * [[Tele Ikuru]] * [[Timi Alaibe]] * [[Tonto Dikeh]] * [[Tony Ene Asuquo]] * [[Tayo Alasoadura]] * [[Temitope Aluko]] * [[Tijani Adetoyese Olusi]] * [[Tunde Eso]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] * [[Usman Mamman Durkwa]] * [[Uzoma Emenike]] * [[William Nwankwo Alo]] * [[Wilson Sabiya]] * [[Yahaya Madawaki]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] * [[Yul Edochie]] * [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]] * [[Zainab Abubakar Alman]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn ológun == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Adekunle Fajuyi]] * [[Akinloye Akinyemi]] * [[Alexander Ogomudia]] * [[Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]] * [[Alwali Kazir]] * [[Benjamin Adekunle]] (Black scorpion) * [[Buba Marwa]] * [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu]] * [[Chris Alli]] * [[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]] * [[Dangiwa Umar]] * [[Halilu Akilu]] * [[Hamza al-Mustapha]] * [[Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] * [[Idris Alkali]] * [[Idris Garba]] * [[Ike Nwachukwu]] * [[Jamila Abubakar Sadiq Malafa]] * [[John Nmadu Yisa-Doko]]{{spaced ndash}} Òun ni olórí àwọn ọmọ ogun ojú òfurufú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè yí . * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] * [[Mamman Vatsa]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi|M. I. Wushishi]] * [[Mohammed Ndatsu Umaru|M. Ndatsu Umaru]] * [[Mohammed Sani Sami]] * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Muhammed Shuwa]] * [[Murtala Mohammed]] * [[Oladipo Diya]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]] * [[Paul Omu]] * [[Salihu Ibrahim]] * [[Sani Abacha]] * [[Sani Bello]] * [[Theophilus Danjuma]] * [[Tunde Idiagbon]] * [[Victor Malu]] * [[Yahaya Abubakar]] * [[Yakubu Gowon]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn olórin== {{Main|List of Nigerian musicians}} == Àwọn òṣèré == {{Main|List of Nigerian actors}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ onà/Awàwòrán-yà == {{Main|List of Nigerian artists|List of Nigerian women artists}} == Àwọn oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Ifeoma Aggrey-Fynn]] (ó kú ní ọdún 2015) – oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ni orí rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n * [[Sam Amuka-Pemu]] – olùdásílẹ̀ ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', olùdásílẹ̀-àlájosepò ''[[The Punch]]'' * [[Nicole Asinugo]] akọ̀wé eré-ìtàgé àti oníṣẹ́ Ìgbẹ́ ìròyìn jáde * [[Nenny B]] oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn orí afẹ́fẹ́ * [[Lekan Fatodu]] akéde ìwé-ìròyìn ''Checkout'' * [[Dul Johnson]] (a bí ní odun 1953) olùṣe-fíìmù àti òǹkọ̀wé * [[Babatunde Jose]] (1925–2008) – akọ̀ròyìn àti olóòtú ìwé-ìròyìn; a kà á sí "bàbá-ńlá níbi ìṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Nàìjíríà" * [[Farooq Kperogi]] – òǹkọ̀wé, akọ̀wé àríwísí, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n oníṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní [[Kennesaw State University]] * [[Dele Momodu]] – akéde, òǹkọ̀wé/akọ̀ròyìn; oníṣòwò, CEO ti ìwé-ìròyìn ''Ovation International'' * [[George Noah]] (a bí ní ọdún 1957) – akọ̀ròyìn àti òṣìṣẹ́ ìpínlẹ̀ télèri. * [[Benneth Nwankwo]] (a bí ní ọdún 1995) – akáwòrán, olùdarí fíìmù, Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Cornelia O'Dwyer]] – Olùgbàlejò lórí ètò ìjíròrò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀nù. * [[Femi Oke]] – akọ̀ròyìn àti Olùgbélárugẹ ètò lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹ́lẹ̀ri ni [[CNN International]] * [[Bobby Ologun]] – Olókìkí èyàn amóhùnmáwòrán ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan.àti [[martial arts|akọni eré-ìjà ìbílẹ̀]] * [[Adenike Oyetunde]] (a bí ní ọdún 1986) – agbẹjọ́rò ará Nigeria tí ó yí padà sí aṣóró rédíò àti alágbàwí fún àwọn tí wọ́n gé ni ẹ̀yà ara * [[Tunde Rahman]] – akọ̀ròyìn, olóòtú, àti olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde fún ààrẹ ọrílé-èdè Nigeria * [[Aisha Salaudeen]] (a bí ní ọdún 2017) – akọ̀ròyìn àti àjà fún ètó obìnrin ará Nigeria * [[Ikechi Uko]] – akéde, [[Akwaaba African Travel Market]], ATQnews.com; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdámọ̀ràn agbéròyìnjáde ìrìnàjò afé àti olùdámọ̀ràn lórí ọ̀rọ̀ ìrìnàjò-afé {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ́ == * [[Abubakar Surajo Imam]] * [[Joseph Agbakoba]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ọgbọ́n-orí Amúlò * [[Atinuke Olusola Adebanji]] – Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìṣirò Ìwòye *[[Claude Ake]] {{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé òṣèlú *[[Cletus Nzebunwa Aguwa]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ògùn Ìtọ́jú-Aláìsàn. *[[Dennis Chima Ugwuegbu]] (a bí ní 1942){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìhùwàsí àti Òye-Ọkàn. *[[Etannibi Alemika]] *[[Emenike Ejiogu]]{{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Iná àti Ohun-èlò Iná Kékeré * [[Jude Rabo]]{{spaced ndash}} igbákejì-ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Federal University, Wukari *[[O. C. Adesina|Olutayo Charles Adesina]] (a bí ní 1964) – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ìmò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ Ìtàn *[[Tessy Okoli]] *[[Kate Omenugha]] (a bí ní 1965) – olùkọ́ àti olóṣèlú *[[Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]] (1927–1998){{spaced ndash}} Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú Ìmọ̀-ìwòye-ara == Agbẹjọ́rò == * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Richard Ayodele Akintunde]] * [[Shaibu Atadoga]] * [[Segun Jegede]] * [[Helen Ogunwumiju]] * [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] (1855'''–'''1915) Àkọ́kọ́ agbẹjọ́rò tí ó jẹ́ abínibí ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |title=The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics |url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201061921/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics |archive-date=2010-12-01 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=tribune.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Òǹkọ̀wé == {{Main|List of Nigerian writers}} {{See also|List of Nigerian poets}} * [[Chinua Achebe]] * [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] * [[Lesley Nneka Arimah]] * [[Seinde Arogbofa]] * [[Adaeze Atuegwu]] * [[Ogaga Ifowodo]] * [[Nnamani Grace Odi]] * [[Wole Soyinka]] * [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa]] == Àwọn oníṣòwò == {{Main|List of Nigerian entrepreneurs}} * [[Sowemimo Abiodun]]{{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ /ògá àgbà CapitalMetriQ Swift Bank * [[Taofik Adegbite]] {{spaced ndash}} Olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Marine Platforms * [[Bolaji Akinboro]] oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Daere Akobo]] * [[Obi Asika]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Halima Dangote]] * [[Theophilus Adebayo Doherty]] (1895–1974) Olùdásílẹ̀ [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]] àti the National Bank of Nigeria. Oníṣòwò ọkùnrin, olóṣèlú àti Agbẹjọ́rò.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylva |first=Victor |date=2021-08-25 |title=Strengthening the Competitiveness of African Economies |url=https://ngxgroup.com/nigerian-exchange-group-commemorates-60-years-of-enabling-africas-largest-economy/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alhaji Habu Adamu Jajere]]{{spaced ndash}} Ààrẹ télèri fún Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) tí ó sì tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó sì tún gbà àmì èye Dr. Kwame Nkurumah African Leadership Award ni [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|title=Cowrie Flour Mills|website=cowrieflourmills.com|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061247/http://cowrieflourmills.com/?page_id=126|archive-date=2012-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |title=NIPCO Nigerian Plc |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307071002/http://www.nipcoplc.com/Board_of_directors.asp |archive-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]{{spaced ndash}} Olóṣèlú àti Alága fún [[Silverbird Group]] * [[Johnel Nnamani]] — Dì jọ dá egbe [[Nnamani Music Group]] sílẹ̀ * [[Mary Nzimiro]] (1898–1993){{spaced ndash}} oníṣòwò obìnrin, olóṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọbìnrin * [[Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu]] (1909–1966) Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọmọ Nàìjíríà * [[Segun Ogunsanya]]{{spaced ndash}} CEO [[Airtel Nigeria]] * [[Femi Otedola]] – Pàràkòyí oníṣòwò ọkùnrin * [[Candido Da Rocha]] (1860–1959) – Nigerian businessman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=K. |title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. |publisher=Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126 |year=2007 |trans-title=Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigeria’s first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog |url=https://courtevillegroup.com/blog/meet-nigerias-first-millionaire-candido-da-rocha/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Adaoha Ugo-Ngadi]] – Nigerian businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BOARD {{!}} {{!}} Oil & Gas Company in Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} AGO {{!}} ATK {{!}} PMS {{!}} DPK {{!}} LPG {{!}} LNG {{!}} Distributor in Nigeria |url=http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129025433/http://ontariooilng.com/about-us/our-board/ |archive-date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=ontariooilng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akintola Williams]] (1919–2023) Aṣòfin-ìṣirò tí ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gboyè àkọ́kọ́ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ìdásílẹ̀[[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ngxgroup.com/about/ |website=The Nigerian Exchange Group}}</ref> == Ìsìn/Ẹ̀sìn== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Wande Abimbola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; àlùfáà [[Ifá]] * [[Abubakar Gumi]] (1924–1992){{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam * [[Enoch Adeboye]] – pásítọ̀; olùbójútó àpapọ̀, [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]] * Sheikh [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[academician|akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀]]; * [[Asi Archibong-Arikpo]]{{spaced ndash}} ààrẹ Presbyterian Women's Guild ní Nigeria, 1975–1982 * [[Benson Idahosa]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù [[Pentecostal|Pentecostal]] [[Charismatic Christianity|Charismatic]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Church of God Mission International]] * [[Bimbo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; olùdásílẹ̀, Fountain of Life Church * [[Chris Okotie]] * [[Chris Oyakhilome]]{{spaced ndash}} [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; ààrẹ olùdásílẹ̀ ti [[Christ Embassy]] * [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]{{spaced ndash}} ẹni tí [[Pope John Paul II]] sọ di mímọ́. * [[David Obadiah Lot]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[Church of Christ]] * Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù [[David Oyedepo]]{{spaced ndash}} oníwàásù; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti bíṣọ́ọ̀bù olórí, [[Winners' Chapel]] (tí a tún mọ̀ sí [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]]); ọ̀gá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, [[Covenant University]] * [[Deborah Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Dominic Ekandem]] *[[Olakunle Soriyan]] * [[Emmanuel Omale]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, Divine Hand of God Prophetic Ministry * [[Francis Arinze]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[John Onaiyekan]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Kádínà Kátólíìkì]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] olórí Shi'a tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ jáde * [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]]{{spaced ndash}} olùdásílẹ̀, [[Christ Apostolic Church]] * [[Joshua Selman]]{{spaced ndash}} àpọ́sítélì, olùdásílẹ̀, Eternity Network International ENI, Koinonia Global * [[Matthew Ashimolowo]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, [[Kingsway International Christian Centre]] (London, England) * [[Peter Akinola]]{{spaced ndash}} [[Primates in the Anglican Communion|Bàbá-Ńlá]] Emeritus ti [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]], [[Church of Nigeria]] * [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀mọ̀wé Islam, Dariqat Tijjaniya Movement * [[T. B. Joshua]]{{spaced ndash}} òjísé Kristi; [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]] àti [[faith healer|olùwòsàn nípa ìgbàgbọ́]]; olùdásílẹ̀, [[Synagogue, Church of All Nations]]; olùdásílẹ̀, ilé-iṣẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n Kristi [[Emmanuel TV]] * [[Taiwo Odukoya]]{{spaced ndash}} àgbà pásítọ̀, The Fountain of Life Church * [[William Kumuyi]]{{spaced ndash}} pásítọ̀, [[televangelist|oníwàásù tẹlifíṣọ̀n]]; òǹkọ̀wé; olùdásílẹ̀ àti alábòójútó àpapọ̀, [[Deeper Life Bible Church]] * [[Joshua Iyemifokhae]] pásítọ̀ àti òǹkọ̀wé {{div col end}} == Àwọn eléré ìdárayá == {{Main|List of Nigerian sportspeople}} == Àwọn ajàfẹ́tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Aminu Kano]] * [[Ayodele Awojobi]] * [[Beko Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]] * [[Dele Giwa]] * [[Fela Kuti]] * [[Funke Abimbola]] * [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Gani Fawehinmi]] * [[Kayode Ajulo]] * [[Kiki Mordi]] * [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] * [[Olisa Agbakoba]] * [[Omoyele Sowore]] * [[Segun Awosanya]] * [[Sonny Okosun]] * [[Festus Keyamo]] * [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] {{div col end}} == Àwọn Olùkọ̀tàn Lórí Ẹ̀rọ-Arayajù. == {{Main|List of Nigerian bloggers}} *[[Kemi Adetiba]] *[[Uche Pedro]] == Àwọn Olùfihàn Àṣà-Ẹwà Kárí-ayé. == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Agbani Darego]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, [[Miss World 2001]] * [[Ibife Alufohai]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, Miss Valentine International 2010 àti olùdásílẹ̀ Miss Polo International * [[Mary Timms]]{{spaced ndash}} ojú Next Generation Entertainment Awards 2017 *[[Nelson Enwerem]]{{spaced ndash}} awòṣèré, akọni tẹlifíṣọ̀n àti olùbọ́rí [[Mr Nigeria|Mr Nigeria 2018]] * [[Oluchi Onweagba]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí, ìdíje [[M-Net]] Face of Africa 1998 * [[Omowunmi Akinnifesi]] {{div col end}} == Ìmọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ == {{Main|List of Nigerian scientists and scholars}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Sulyman Age Abdulkareem]]{{spaced ndash}} akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-jinlẹ̀ àti onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà * [[Esther Titilayo Akinlabi]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Sarki Auwalu]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà * [[Ayodele Awojobi]]{{spaced ndash}} akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ọlọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀-ẹ̀ka àti onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Olufemi Bamiro]]{{spaced ndash}} ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Philip Emeagwali]]{{spaced ndash}} olùbọ́rí [[Gordon Bell Prize]] 1989 * [[Ozak Esu]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ iná-mọ́nà * [[Gordian Ezekwe]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ tí a mọ̀ fún bíbójútó ìkọ́lé rọ́kẹ́ẹ̀tì Biafra ní àkókò Ogun Abẹ́lé Nigeria * [[Akii Ibhadode]]{{spaced ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Tele Ikuru]]{{spaded ndash}} onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀rọ * [[Ekei Essien Oku]] – obìnrin ará Nigeria àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ olórí ilé-ìkówèésí * [[Gbenga Sesan]]{{spaced ndash}} Aṣojú Ọ̀dọ́ Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Ìsọfúnni àkọ́kọ́ ti Nigeria * [[Bamidele Solomon]]{{spaced ndash}} Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ kẹ́míkà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ ní ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ẹ̀dá-alààyè Nigeria * [[Rhoda Gumus]] – ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ Kẹ́míkà àti Komíṣọ́nà Ìdìbò Orílẹ̀-èdè ti INEC {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìṣirò === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Chike Obi]]{{spaced ndash}} [[mathematician|onímọ̀-ìṣirò]] {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onísègùn === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Adeoye Lambo]]{{spaced ndash}} [[psychiatrist|onísègùn ọpọlọ]] *[[Abayomi Ajayi]]{{spaced ndash}} onísègùn abiyamọ *[[Ameyo Adadevoh]]{{spaced ndash}} a mọ̀ ọ́n sí ẹni tí ó dá ìtànkálẹ̀ [[Ebola virus]] dúró ní Nigeria *[[Bennet Omalu]]{{spaced ndash}} [[forensic pathologist|onímọ̀-àrùn òfin]] *[[Eyitayo Lambo]]{{spaced ndash}} [[health economist|onímọ̀-ọrọ̀-ajé ìlera]] àti [[technocrat|amòye-ẹ̀rọ]] *[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]]{{spaced ndash}} [[oncologist|onísègùn ẹ̀jẹ̀-ọ̀wọ̀n]] *[[Olumbe Bassir]]{{spaced ndash}} [[biochemist|onímọ̀-kẹ́míkà-ẹ̀dá-alààyè]] àti [[nutritionist|onímọ̀-oúnjẹ]] *[[Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah]] – onísègùn abiyamọ àti onísègùn ẹ̀yà-abo *[[Uchenna Okoye]] – onísègùn eyín ìṣàfihàn àti akọni agbéròyìnjáde *[[Ayibatonye Owei]] – onísègùn abiyamọ àti onísègùn ẹ̀yà-abo {{div col end}} === Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Anthony Adegbulugbe]] – akọṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ ìṣètò àti ìṣàkóso agbára *[[Nenibarini Zabbey]] – onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ àyíká àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Hydrobiology {{div col end}} == Àwọn awakọ̀ ojú-òfurufú == * [[Adeola Ogunmola Showemimo]] * [[Blessing Liman]] * [[Chinyere Kalu]] * [[Lola Odujinrin]] == Kàá Síwájú sí == {{portal|Biography|Lists|Nigeria}} * [[List of Nigerian Americans]] * [[List of Nigerian Britons]] ==Ìtọ́kasí == gubn5mqo6m4ecyzmat343ocdm9vqp9p