Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ

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{{/box-header|Àwọn stàtístíkì àti ìpolongo|Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Àwọn stàtístíkì àti ìpolongo|}}
{{Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Àwọn stàtístíkì àti ìpolongo}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Àwọn ojúèwé tó n fẹ àkíyèsí|Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Àwọn ojúèwé to n fẹ àkíyèsí|}}
{{Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Àwọn ojúèwé to n fẹ àkíyèsí}}
{{/box-footer|}}

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{{/box-header|Ìròyìn|Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Ìròyìn|}}
{{Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Ìròyìn}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Báwo ni e se le kopa|Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Báwo ní e se le kópa|}}
{{Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Báwo ni e se le kópa}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Ìpinnu àti Ìlànà|Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Ìpinnu àti Ìlànà|}}
{{Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Ìpinnu àti Ìlànà}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Àwọn ìpele|Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Àwọn ìpele|}}
{{Wikipedia:Èbúté Àwùjọ/Àwọn ìpele}}
{{/box-footer|}}


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&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; width:100%&quot;&gt;

{{/box-header|Àwọn projects miran|Àwọn projects miran|}}
{{Àwọn projects miran}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Èbúté|Èbúté|}}
{{Èbúté}}
{{/box-foo&lt;!--
[[Ẹ̀ka:Ìmójútó Wikipedia|Èbúté Àwùjọ]]

[[eu:Wikipedia:WikiMediari buruz gaurkotasun-albisteak]]

== Call for image filter referendum ==

The Wikimedia Foundation, at the direction of the Board of Trustees, will be holding a vote to determine whether members of the community support the creation and usage of an opt-in personal image filter, which would allow readers to voluntarily screen particular types of images strictly for their own account.

Further details and educational materials will be available shortly.  The referendum is scheduled for 12-27 August, 2011, and will be conducted on servers hosted by a neutral third party.  Referendum details, officials, voting requirements, and supporting materials will be posted at [[Meta:Image filter referendum]] shortly.

Sorry for delivering you a message in English. Please help translate the pages on the referendum on Meta and join the [[mail:translators-l|translators mailing list]].

For the coordinating committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe (WMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Cbrown1023|Cbrown1023]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:Risker|Risker]]&lt;/br&gt;
[[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:Robertmharris|Robert Harris]]
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0091 --&gt;

== Terms of Use update ==

''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.''
 
Hello,
 
The Wikimedia Foundation is discussing changes to its Terms of Use.  The discussion can be found at [[m:Talk:Terms of use|Talk:Terms of use]]. Everyone is invited to join in. Because the new version of [[m:Terms of use|Terms of use]] is not in final form, we are not able to present official translations of it. Volunteers are welcome to translate it, as German volunteers have done at [[:m:Terms of use (de)]], but we ask that you note at the top that the translation is unofficial and may become outdated as the English version is changed. The translation request can be found at [[m:Translation requests/WMF/Terms of Use 2]] -- [[m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis, Community Liaison]] 02:30, 27 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2011 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0119 --&gt;

== Open Call for 2012 Wikimedia Fellowship Applicants ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please
help translate it.''
*Do you want to help attract new contributors to Wikimedia projects?
*Do you want to improve retention of our existing editors?
*Do you want to strengthen our community by diversifying its base and increasing the overall number of excellent participants around the world?
The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking Community Fellows and project ideas for the Community Fellowship Program. A Fellowship is a temporary position at the Wikimedia Foundation in order to work on a specific project or set of projects. Submissions for 2012 are encouraged to focus on the theme of improving editor retention and increasing participation in Wikimedia projects. If interested, please submit a project idea or apply to be a fellow by January 15, 2012. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Fellowships for more information.

Thanks!

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Community Fellowships,
Wikimedia Foundation]] 03:11, 22 Oṣù Kejìlá 2011 (UTC)

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&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0139 --&gt;

== Announcing Wikipedia 1.19 beta ==

Wikimedia Foundation is getting ready to push out 1.19 to all the WMF-hosted wikis.  As we finish wrapping up our code review, you can test the new version ''right now'' on [http://beta.wmflabs.org/ beta.wmflabs.org].  For more information, please read the [https://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/RELEASE-NOTES-1.19?view=markup release notes] or the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.19|start of the final announcement]].

The following are the areas that you will probably be most interested in:
* [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=33711#c2 Faster loading of javascript files makes dependency tracking more important.]
* New common*.css files usable by skins instead of having to copy piles of generic styles from MonoBook or Vector's css.
* The default user signature now contains a talk link in addition to the user link.
* Searching blocked usernames in block log is now clearer.
* Better timezone recognition in user preferences.
* Improved diff readability for colorblind people.
* The interwiki links table can now be accessed also when the interwiki cache is used (used in the API and the Interwiki extension).
* More gender support (for instance in logs and user lists).
* Language converter improved, e.g. it now works depending on the page content language.
* Time and number-formatting magic words also now depend on the page content language.
* Bidirectional support further improved after 1.18.

Report any [http://labs.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Problem_reports problems] on the labs beta wiki and we'll work to address them before they software is released to the production wikis.

'''Note''' that this cluster does have SUL but it is not integrated with SUL in production, so you'll need to create another account.  You should avoid using the same password as you use here.  — [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 16:41, 15 Oṣù Kínní 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0145 --&gt;

== MediaWiki 1.19 ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to upgrade MediaWiki (the software powering this wiki) to its latest version this month. You can help to test it before it is enabled, to avoid disruption and breakage. More information is available [[:mw:MediaWiki 1.19/Deployment announcement|in the full announcement]]. Thank you for your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. 15:23, 12 Oṣù Kejì 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0154 --&gt;

== Update on IPv6 ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') 

The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled.

What this means for your project:

*At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form &quot;&lt;code&gt;2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.)

*In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. 

*We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation.

Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration.

--[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] 01:31, 2 Oṣù Kẹfà 2012 (UTC)

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== 2011 Picture of the Year competition ==

&lt;small&gt;[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]&lt;/small&gt; 

Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view!

Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]].

About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &amp;ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&amp;ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''.

From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. 

We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance.

See you on Commons!
--[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] 18:46, 5 Oṣù Kẹfà 2012 (UTC)

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&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --&gt;

== Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

Hi,

As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led &quot;[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]&quot; (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]].

Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15.

--[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation 20:31, 19 Oṣù Keje 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --&gt;

== More opportunities for you to access free research databases ==

The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum.
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias.  There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias.  Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries.  There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]'''  is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries.  There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]].
You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors.  Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]].  Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]).  Go sign up :)  --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) 02:27, 16 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --&gt;

== Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.''

The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. 

If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the &quot;request for comment&quot;, program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.)
 
Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]02:18, 6 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2012 (UTC)

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&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --&gt;

== Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) 

As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them.

The project is divided into three phases and &quot;we are getting close to roll-out the first phase&quot;. The phases are:
# language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article)
# infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data)
# lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified)

It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. 

For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 13:43, 10 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --&gt;

== Upcoming software changes - please report any problems ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
&lt;div dir=ltr&gt;
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code.  This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] &amp; [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]).

Please watch for problems with:
* revision diffs
* templates
* CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts)
* bots
* PDF export
* images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes
* the CologneBlue skin

If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]].  You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated.

Thanks!  With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster.

[[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) 03:20, 16 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2012 (UTC)

P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]].

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --&gt;

== Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed ==

''Please translate for your local community''

Hello All,

The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :)
If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]&lt;br /&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 17:25, 17 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --&gt;

== Be a Wikimedia fundraising &quot;User Experience&quot; volunteer! ==

Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. 

I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)**

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!!

Thanks!

[[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

: Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 21:24, 8 Oṣù Kínní 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 331 --&gt;

== Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&amp;iso=20130122T17&amp;ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement].

If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

Thank you for your help and your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. 15:48, 19 Oṣù Kínní 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --&gt;
== Picture of the Year voting round 1 open ==
Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the 2012 Picture of the Year competition is now open.  We're interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the Picture of the Year for 2012. Voting is open to established Wikimedia users who meet the following criteria:

:# Users must have an account, at any Wikimedia project, which was registered '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC].
:# This user account must have more than '''75 edits''' on '''any single''' Wikimedia project '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. Please check your account eligibility at the [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=27 POTY 2012 Contest Eligibility tool].
:# Users must vote with an account meeting the above requirements either on Commons or another SUL-related Wikimedia project (for other Wikimedia projects, the account must be attached to the user's Commons account through [[meta:Help:Unified login|SUL]]).

Hundreds of images that have been rated Featured Pictures by the international Wikimedia Commons community in the past year are all entered in this competition. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons features pictures of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images into topic categories. Two rounds of voting will be held: In the first round, you can vote for as many images as you like. The first round category winners and the top ten overall will then make it to the final.  In the final round, when a limited number of images are left, you must decide on the one image that you want to become the Picture of the Year.

To see the candidate images just go to [[commons:Commons:Picture_of_the_Year/2012|the POTY 2012 page on Wikimedia Commons]].

Wikimedia Commons celebrates our featured images of 2012 with this contest. Your votes decide the Picture of the Year, so remember to vote in the first round by '''January 30, 2013'''.

Thanks,&lt;br /&gt;
the Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year committee&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered based on [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery]]. Translation fetched from: [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2012/Translations/Village Pump/en]] -- [[Oníṣe:Rillke|Rillke]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Rillke|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 00:02, 23 Oṣù Kínní 2013 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

*Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website?
*Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding?
*Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals?

Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals.

The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information.

Thanks!  --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 20:59, 30 Oṣù Kínní 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally.

[[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6.

=== What is Wikidata? ===
Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later.

=== What is going to happen? ===
Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

=== Where can I find more information and ask questions? ===
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

=== I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata ===
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]].

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 16:20, 21 Oṣù Kejì 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) live on this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

As I annonced 2 weeks ago, [[d:|Wikidata]] phase 1 (language links) has been deployed here today. Language links in the sidebar are coming from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. It'd be great if you could bring this to this wiki if that has not already happened. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 23:14, 6 Oṣù Kẹta 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0373 --&gt;

== Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)&lt;/small&gt;

Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called &quot;Lua&quot; is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates.

If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=20&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia &amp; America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=22&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa &amp; America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]].

If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. 20:31, 13 Oṣù Kẹta 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished.

'''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?'''
Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!)

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:chief executive officer}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2].

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 17:15, 5 Oṣù Kẹrin 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --&gt;

== [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]&lt;/small&gt;

Hello!

There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process.

We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity.

All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed.

Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] &lt;small&gt;(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)&lt;/small&gt; 05:31, 24 Oṣù Kẹrin 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed.

'''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?'''
You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now.

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:headquarter location}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.


We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together.
--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 19:25, 24 Oṣù Kẹrin 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --&gt;

== [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]].

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 04:19, 30 Oṣù Kẹrin 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --&gt;

== [en] Change to section edit links ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The default position of the &quot;edit&quot; link in page section headers is going to change soon. The &quot;edit&quot; link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it.

Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time.

[[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta.

Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links.

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 19:08, 30 Oṣù Kẹrin 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --&gt;

== Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions ==

&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;&lt;big&gt;Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#268bd2;&quot;&gt;Tech news&lt;/span&gt;]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.&lt;/big&gt; ''Please inform other users about these changes.''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;
;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)''

* The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685]
* VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A new extension (&quot;TemplateData&quot;) was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7]
* The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] 
* The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4]

;Future software changes:
* The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the &quot;single user login&quot; (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html]
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called &quot;Flow&quot;, is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html].
* The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • 21:23, 20 Oṣù Kàrún 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Important note:&lt;/span&gt; This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians.

'''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can subscribe to your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]].

You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] 21:23, 20 Oṣù Kàrún 2013 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --&gt;

== Trademark discussion ==

Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]])
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --&gt;

== Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher.  Come and Sign up! ==

[[EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls.  I want to alert you to our latest donation.
*'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.
*Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''.  Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account.
*'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]'''
Cheers, [[EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:24, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --&gt;

== Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) ==

My apologies for the incorrect link:  You can sign up for '''[[EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:58, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --&gt;

== [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].—[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;font-family:Neuropol&quot;&gt;cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Chat]]&lt;sub style=&quot;margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Automation&lt;/sub&gt; 05:10, 23 Oṣù Kẹfà 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis.

Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] 13:06, 4 Oṣù Keje 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --&gt;

== Pywikipedia is migrating to git ==

Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this.
[[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/21/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt; 13:57, 23 Oṣù Keje 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --&gt;

== VisualEditor and your Wikipedia ==

''(Please translate this message)''

Greetings,

The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language.
 
We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. 
If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process.

If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&amp;action=translate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor here].  You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate.  This account is free and easy to create.

If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]].  You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki.  We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:17, 30 Oṣù Keje 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --&gt;

== HTTPS for users with an account ==

Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]].

If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the &lt;code&gt;#wikimedia-operations&lt;/code&gt; channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to &lt;code&gt;https@wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt;.

[[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. 19:53, 20 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --&gt;

== [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]]

First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community.

The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the &quot;community logo&quot; (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission.

Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. 03:25, 24 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --&gt;

== [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] ==

[[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]]
''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)''

Greetings!  

[[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. 

We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve.  

There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked:
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]].  This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia.  You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link.
:*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]]

Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:26, 4 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --&gt;

== Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all, 

Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]].

This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo.

The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. 

We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community.  We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it.

Thanks, 
[[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] &amp; [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] 21:06, 8 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --&gt;

== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==
Hello. A new policy regarding the removal of &quot;advanced rights&quot; (administrator, bureaucrat, etc) was recently adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] (your community received a notice about the discussion). According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on smaller wikis. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing &quot;advanced rights&quot; from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the new [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]] here.

We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for more than 2 years):
#Mark Dingemanse (administrator)

These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards.

However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks,  --[[Oníṣe:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MF-Warburg|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 19:24, 10 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2013 (UTC)

== Introducting Beta Features ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)''

We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone.

Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive.

Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013.

Here are the first features you can test this week:
* [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen
* [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages
* [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] —  make text more readable (coming Thursday)

Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]].

After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&amp;component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. 

Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future.

Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think!  [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:52, 5 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])&lt;/small&gt;, 20:52, 5 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --&gt;

== Call for comments on draft trademark policy ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all, 

The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy.

The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]].

We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation.

Thanks, &lt;br /&gt;
[[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] &amp; [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --&gt;

== Request for comment on Commons: Should Wikimedia support MP4 video? ==

''I apologize for this message being only in English. Please translate it if needed to help your community.''

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|multimedia team]] seeks community guidance on a proposal to support the [[w:MP4|MP4 video format]]. This digital video standard is used widely around the world to record, edit and watch videos on mobile phones, desktop computers and home video devices. It is also known as [[w:MP4|H.264/MPEG-4 or AVC]].

Supporting the MP4 format would make it much easier for our users to view and contribute video on Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects -- and video files could be offered in dual formats on our sites, so we could continue to support current open formats (WebM and Ogg Theora). 

However, MP4 is a patent-encumbered format, and using a proprietary format would be a departure from our current practice of only supporting open formats on our sites -- even though the licenses appear to have acceptable legal terms, with only a small fee required. 

We would appreciate your guidance on whether or not to support MP4. Our Request for Comments presents views both in favor and against MP4 support, based on opinions we’ve heard in our discussions with community and team members. 

[[commons:Commons:Requests for comment/MP4 Video|Please join this RfC -- and share your advice]].

All users are welcome to participate, whether you are active on Commons, Wikipedia, other Wikimedia project -- or any site that uses content from our free media repository.

You are also welcome to join tomorrow's [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|Office hours chat on IRC]],  this Thursday, January 16, at 19:00 UTC, if you would like to discuss this project with our team and other community members.

We look forward to a constructive discussion with you, so we can make a more informed decision together on this important topic. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 06:47, 16 Oṣù Kínní 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MP4_notice_targets&amp;oldid=7105580 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled by default again on this wiki by 21 February 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On January 21 2014 the MediaWiki extension [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) was [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Jan2014|disabled]] on this wiki. A new preference was added for logged-in users to turn on ULS. This was done to prevent slow loading of pages due to ULS webfonts, a behaviour that had been observed by the Wikimedia Technical Operations team on some wikis. 

We are now ready to enable ULS again. The temporary preference to enable ULS will be removed. A [[commons:File:ULS-font-checkbox.png|new checkbox]] has been added to the Language Panel to enable/disable font delivery. This will be unchecked by default for this wiki, but can be selected at any time by the users to enable webfonts. This is an interim solution while we improve the feature of webfonts delivery.

You can read the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Feb2014|announcement]] and the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Upcoming Development Plan|development plan]] for more information. Apologies for writing this message only in English. Thank you. [[m:User_talk:Runab WMF|Runa]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Reenable_2014&amp;oldid=7490703 --&gt;

== Amendment to the Terms of Use ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all, 

Please join a discussion about a [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|proposed amendment]] to the [[wmf:Terms of Use|Wikimedia Terms of Use]] regarding undisclosed paid editing and we encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please translate this statement if you can, and we welcome you to translate the proposed amendment and introduction. Please see [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|the discussion on Meta Wiki]] for more information. Thank you! [[:m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 22:00, 21 Oṣù Kejì 2014 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=7499312 --&gt;

== Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]]

''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. 

Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects:
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) 
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel)

'''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! 

Hope to have your participation,

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual
Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 19:44, 28 Oṣù Kejì 2014 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing,  we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 21:55, 13 Oṣù Kẹta 2014 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Changes to the default site typography coming soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 
This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default &quot;Vector&quot; skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: 

* '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live
* '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live

This change is very similar to the &quot;Typography Update&quot; Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. 

For more information:
* [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]]
* [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions
* [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org

-- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team
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== Media Viewer ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings, my apologies for writing in English.

I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future.

Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 21:29, 23 Oṣù Kàrún 2014 (UTC)

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== Using only [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] for uploads ==

[[Image:Commons-logo.svg|right|220px|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! Sorry for writing in English. It was noted that on this wiki upload is not fully functional for users, who will experience a very difficult and/or [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy|illegal]] uploading. In fact, the [[MediaWiki:Licenses|licenses/copyright tags dropdown]] is empty, making it hard or impossible to comply with copyright requirements during upload itself.

Presumably, you don't have interest nor energies to have [[commons:Category:Licensing templates|hundreds templates]] with the [[mw:Multimedia/Media Viewer/Template compatibility|now required HTML]], even less a local [[m:EDP|EDP]].
I propose to have
* '''[[Special:Upload|local &quot;{{int:upload}}&quot;]] [[commons:Commons:Turning off local uploads|restricted]]''' to the &quot;{{int:group-sysop}}&quot; group (for emergency uploads) and
* the '''sidebar point to [[commons:Special:UploadWizard]]''',
so that you can avoid local maintenance and all users can have a functioning, easy upload interface [[translatewiki:Special:Translate/ext-uploadwizard|in their own language]]. All registered users can upload on Commons and [[Special:ListFiles|existing files]] will not be affected.

All this will get done around 2014-07-03.
# If you disagree with the proposal, just [[m:User:Nemo bis/Unused local uploads|remove your wiki from the list]]. Remember also to create [[MediaWiki:Licenses]] locally with any content (see a [[s:fr:MediaWiki:Licenses|simple example]]), or uploads will be soon disabled anyway by MediaWiki itself (starting in [[mw:MediaWiki_1.24/Roadmap|version 1.24wmf11]]).
# To make the UploadWizard even better, please tell your experience and ideas on [[commons:Commons:Upload Wizard feedback]].

[[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 13:09, 19 Oṣù Kẹfà 2014 (UTC)
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:Sysop: [[User:Demmy]]. --[[Oníṣe:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Liuxinyu970226|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 01:51, 25 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2014 (UTC)

== Media Viewer is now live on this wiki ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]]

Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community,

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. 

Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already.

If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on &quot;Disable Media Viewer&quot; at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]].

Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español].

We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]]  ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) 21:54, 19 Oṣù Kẹfà 2014 (UTC)

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== VisualEditor global newsletter—June 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
This is a &lt;u&gt;one-time mailing&lt;/u&gt; to projects that may need this information.  Future newsletters will be available as '''opt-in only'''. To receive future newsletters (about one per month), please '''add your page to the subscribers' list at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter]]. You're welcome to translate to your language.''' 
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#A7D7F9;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#339966;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - Toolbar - Formatting.png|alt=The character formatting menu|centre|frameless|316x316px]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
The character formatting menu, or &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-style-tooltip}}&quot; menu lets you set bold, italic, and other text styles.  &quot;Clear formatting&quot; removes all text styles and removes links to other pages.

Do you think that clear formatting should remove links?  Are there changes you would like to see for this menu?  [[:mw:Thread:VisualEditor/Feedback/Clearing formatting_and_links|Share your opinion at MediaWiki.org]].

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is mostly working to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs.  You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.''

* They have moved the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialog-command-help-title}}&quot; link out of the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}&quot; menu, into the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-help-tool}}&quot; menu.  Within dialog boxes, buttons are now more accessible (via the Tab key) from the keyboard.
* You can now '''see the target of the link''' when you click on it, without having to open the inspector.
* The team also expanded '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal/TemplateData|TemplateData]]''': You can now add a parameter type  &quot;&lt;code&gt;date&quot;&lt;/code&gt; for dates and times in the [[w:ISO 8601|ISO 8601]] format, and  &quot;&lt;code&gt;boolean&quot;&lt;/code&gt; for values which are true or false.  Also, templates that redirect to other templates (like &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{citeweb}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite web}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) now get the TemplateData of their target ([[bugzilla:50964|bug 50964]]).  You can test TemplateData by editing [[:mw:Template:Sandbox/doc]].
* Category: and File: pages now display their contents correctly after saving an edit ([[bugzilla:65349|bug 65349]], [[bugzilla:64239|bug 64239]])
* They have also improved '''reference editing''':  You should no longer be able to add empty citations with VisualEditor (bug 64715), as with references.  When you edit a reference, you can now empty it and click the &quot;use an existing reference&quot; button to replace it with another reference instead. 
* It is now possible to edit '''inline images''' with VisualEditor.  Remember that inline images cannot display captions, so existing captions get removed.  Many other bugs related to images were also fixed.
*  You can now add and edit &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__DISAMBIG__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; in  the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}&quot; menu, rounding out the full set of page options currently planned. 
* The tool to insert '''special characters''' is now wider and simpler.&lt;/div&gt;

=== Looking ahead ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The VisualEditor team has posted a draft of their goals for the next fiscal year.  You can read them and suggest changes [[:mw:Wikimedia Engineering/2014-15 Goals#Editing|on MediaWiki.org]].  

The team posts details about planned work on [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor's roadmap]].  You will soon be able to '''drag-and-drop text''' as well as images.  If you drag an image to a new place, it won't let you place it in the middle of a paragraph.  All dialog boxes and windows will be simplified based on user testing and feedback.  The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''autofill features''']]''' for citations'''.  &lt;mark&gt;Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.&lt;/mark&gt;  Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed.  The designers are also working on support for '''viewing and editing hidden HTML comments''' and '''adding rows and columns to tables'''.  
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Supporting your wiki ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Please read [[:mw:VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor/Citation tool]] for information on configuring the new '''citation template menu''', labeled &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot;.  This menu will not appear unless it has been configured on your wiki.   

If you speak a language other than English, '''we need your help with translating [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]]'''.  The guide is out of date or incomplete for many languages, and what's on your wiki may not be the most recent translation.  Please [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Getting_started_with_translations|contact us]] if you need help getting started with translation work on MediaWiki.org.   

VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects.  If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] or file an enhancement request in Bugzilla.   

Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on '''Saturday, 19 July 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=21&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=19&amp;month=07&amp;year=2014 21:00 UTC]''' (daytime for the Americas and Pacific Islands) or on '''Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 9:00 UTC]''' (daytime for Europe, Middle East, Asia).

If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] (or at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only). Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:33, 25 Oṣù Kẹfà 2014 (UTC)
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== Updates related to VisualEditor ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''Please help translate this message in your language. Thanks :) ''
Hi, everybody. This is a reminder that we invite you to discuss VisualEditor's recent development and plans ahead during the '''[[:m:IRC office hours|next office hours]]''' with James Forrester (Product Manager):
*[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 Thursday, August 14, 9:00 UTC];
*[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=09&amp;year=2014 Thursday, September 18, 16:00 UTC].
If you are not able to attend but have a question for James, you can leave your question [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|at mediawiki.org]] or on my talk page &lt;u&gt;by the day before&lt;/u&gt;, and I will try to get a response. We plan to continue these monthly sessions as long as there is community interest, and to announce them through the '''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|VisualEditor global newsletter]]''' as well (please subscribe your talk page there to get the latest news about the software).

Most of the VisualEditor team will be at '''[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimania in London]''' in August! You'll be able to meet the developers during the Hackaton or at the following sessions:
*[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_%E2%80%94_helping_users_edit_more_easily VisualEditor — helping users edit more easily], Saturday, August 9;
*[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds VisualEditor — engineering against the odds], Sunday, August 10.
WMF community liaisons will share a booth with community advocates at the Community Village and look forward to talking to you there. Thanks for your attention! --[[User:Elitre (WMF)]] 16:02, 31 Oṣù Keje 2014 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor global newsletter—July and August 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|200px]]
''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is currently working mostly to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs. You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.''
[[File:VisualEditor - Link editing inline box.png|thumb|Dialog boxes in VisualEditor have been re-designed to use action words instead of icons.  This has increased the number of [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Translate the VisualEditor interface|items that need to be translated]].

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] is also being updated.
|alt=Screenshot of VisualEditor's link tool|240px]]

The biggest visible change since the last newsletter was to the dialog boxes.  '''The design for each dialog box and window was simplified.'''  The most commonly needed buttons are now at the top.  Based on user feedback, the buttons are now labeled with simple words (like &quot;Cancel&quot; or &quot;Done&quot;) instead of potentially confusing icons (like &quot;&lt;&quot; or &quot;X&quot;).  Many of the buttons to edit links, images, and other items now also show the linked page, image name, or other useful information when you click on them.
* '''Hidden HTML comments''' (notes visible to editors, but not to readers) can now be read, edited, inserted, and removed.  A small icon (a white exclamation mark on a dot) marks the location of each comments.  You can click on the icon to see the comment.
* You can now '''drag and drop text''' and templates as well as images.  A new placement line makes it much easier to see where you are dropping the item.  Images can no longer be dropped into the middle of paragraphs.
* '''All references and footnotes ('''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' tags) are now made through the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot; menu''', including the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-reference-tooltip}}&quot; (manual formatting) footnotes and the ability to re-use an existing citation, both of which were previously accessible only through the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu.  The &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-referencelist-tooltip}}&quot; is still added via the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu.
* When you add an image or other media file, you are now prompted to add an '''image caption''' immediately. You can also replace an image whilst keeping the original caption and other settings.
* All tablet users visiting the '''mobile web''' version of Wikipedias will be able to opt-in to a version of VisualEditor from 14 August.  You can test the new tool by choosing the beta version of the mobile view in the Settings menu.
* The '''link tool''' has a new &quot;Open&quot; button that will open a linked page in another tab so you can make sure a link is the right one. 
* The '''&quot;Cancel&quot; button''' in the toolbar has been removed based on user testing.  To cancel any edit, you can leave the page by clicking the Read tab, the back button in your browser, or closing the browser window without saving your changes.
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Looking ahead ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The team posts details about planned work on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']]''' for citations''' soon.  &lt;mark&gt;Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.&lt;/mark&gt;  Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed.  The designers are also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables'''.  Work to support '''Internet Explorer''' is ongoing.
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Feedback opportunities ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The Editing team will be making two presentations this weekend at '''Wikimania''' in London.  The first is with product manager James Forrester and developer Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_helping_users_edit_more_easily|Saturday at 16:30]].  The second is with developers Roan Kattouw and Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds|Sunday at 12:30]]. There is a '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Translathon|VisualEditor Translation Sprint]]''' going on during Wikimania; whether you're in London or not, any contributions are welcome!   

Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|'''VisualEditor feedback page''']] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|'''office hours discussion''']] on Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 09:00 UTC] (daytime for Europe, Middle East and Asia) or on Thursday, 18 September 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=09&amp;year=2014 16:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Europe).   

If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only or at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] for any project. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 14:40, 9 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2014 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions ==

The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, &quot;superprotect&quot; status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it.

If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org.
* [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]]
* [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org]

-- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) 17:35, 21 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2014 (UTC)
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== Process ideas for software development ==

&lt;div class=”mw-content-ltr”&gt;
’’My apologies for writing in English.’’

Hello,

I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects?  We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well.

I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta.

Kind regards,
-- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] 22:15, 21 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2014 (UTC)

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== Grants to improve your project ==

:''Apologies for English.  Please help translate this message.''
Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. 
Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you.
*'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:52, 2 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2014 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]]

VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update.  Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on.  If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org.  Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 07:29, 11 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2014 (UTC). 

PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;
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== VisualEditor News #8—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:TemplateData GUI editor with two parameters.png|alt=|centre|frameless|230x230px]]'''Did you know?''' 
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
TemplateData is a separate program that organizes information about the parameters that can be used in a template.  VisualEditor reads that data, and uses it to populate its simplified template dialogs.

With the new TemplateData editor, it is easier to add information about parameters, because the ones you need to use are pre-loaded. 

See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] for more information about adding TemplateData.  [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing]] team has reduced technical debt, simplified some workflows for template and citation editing, made major progress on Internet Explorer support, and fixed [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=349619&amp;order=priority%252Cbug_severity&amp;product=VisualEditor&amp;query_format=advanced&amp;resolution=FIXED&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-14&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-21&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-28&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-04&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-11&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-18&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-25&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-02 over 125 bugs and requests]. Several performance improvements were made, especially to the system around re-using references and reference lists.  Weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. 

There were three issues that required urgent fixes: a deployment error that meant that many buttons didn't work correctly (bugs [[bugzilla:69856|69856]] and [[bugzilla:69864|69864]]), a problem with edit conflicts that left the editor with nowhere to go ([[bugzilla:69150|bug 69150]]), and a problem in Internet Explorer 11 that replaced some categories with a link to the system message [[MediaWiki:Badtitletext]] ([[bugzilla:70894|bug 70894]]) when you saved. The developers apologize for the disruption, and thank the people who reported these problems quickly.

=== Increased support for devices and browsers ===
'''Internet Explorer 10 and 11 users now have access to VisualEditor'''. This means that about 5% of Wikimedia's users will now get an &quot;Edit&quot; tab alongside the existing &quot;Edit source&quot; tab.  Support for Internet Explorer 9 is planned for the future.

'''Tablet users''' browsing the site's mobile mode now have the option of using a mobile-specific form of VisualEditor. More editing tools, and availability of VisualEditor on smartphones, is planned for the future. The '''mobile version of VisualEditor''' was tweaked to show the context menu for citations instead of basic references ([[bugzilla:68897|bug 68897]]).  A bug that broke the editor in iOS was corrected and released early ([[bugzilla:68949|bug 68949]]). For mobile tablet users, three bugs related to scrolling were fixed ([[bugzilla:66697|bug 66697]], [[bugzilla:68828|bug 68828]], [[bugzilla:69630|bug 69630]]). You can use VisualEditor on the mobile version of Wikipedia from your tablet by clicking on the cog in the top-right when editing a page and choosing which editor to use.

=== TemplateData editor ===
'''The tool for editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to 30 more Wikipedias this week.'''  Other Wikipedias and some other projects may receive access next month.  This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation.  When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages).  To use it, edit the template page or a subpage, and then click the &quot;{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}&quot; button at the top.  Read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]].  You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]].  Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself.  Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template.

=== Other changes ===
Several interface '''messages and labels were changed''' to be simpler, clearer, or shorter, based on feedback from translators and editors. The formatting of dialogs was changed, and more changes to the appearance will be coming soon, when VisualEditor implements the new MediaWiki theme from Design.  (A preview of the theme is [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|available on Labs]] for developers.)  The team also made some improvements for users of the '''Monobook''' skin that improved the size of text in toolbars and fixed selections that overlapped menus.

VisualEditor-MediaWiki now supplies the &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-redirect&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-disambig&lt;/code&gt; class on '''links to redirects and disambiguation pages''', so that user gadgets that colour in these types of links can be created.

'''Templates' fields can be marked as '&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;required&lt;/code&gt;' '''in TemplateData.  If a parameter is marked as required, then you cannot delete that field when you add a new template or edit an existing one ([[bugzilla:60358|bug 60358]]). 

Language support improved by making annotations use bi-directional isolation (so they display correctly with cursoring behaviour as expected) and by fixing a bug that crashed VisualEditor when trying to edit a page with a &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/code&gt; attribute but no &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;lang&lt;/code&gt; set ([[bugzilla:69955|bug 69955]]). 

=== Looking ahead ===
The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon, perhaps in late October.        

The team is also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables''', and early work for this may appear within the month.  &lt;mark&gt;Please comment on the design [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Table editor#Design Workflow for comments|at Mediawiki.org]].&lt;/mark&gt;

In the future, real-time collaborative editing may be possible in VisualEditor.  Some early preparatory work for this was recently done. 

=== Supporting your wiki ===

At Wikimania, several developers gave presentations about VisualEditor.  A translation sprint focused on improving access to VisualEditor was supported by many people.  '''Deryck Chan''' was the top translator.  Special honors also go to '''संजीव कुमार (Sanjeev Kumar)''', '''Robby''', '''Takot''', '''Bachounda''', '''Bjankuloski06''' and '''Ата'''.  A [[mw:VisualEditor/Translathon#Highlights from the Translathon|summary]] of the work achieved by the translation community is available.  Thank you all for your work.      

This was the first translatable VisualEditor newsletter, so thanks to everybody who made this possible! If it hasn't been delivered in your language, and you'd like to help with translations in the future, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;, so that you will be notified when the next issue is due.      

VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects.  If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User talk:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]&lt;/span&gt; or file an [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&amp;component=General enhancement request in Bugzilla].    

Please join the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on Saturday, 18 October 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=10&amp;year=2014 18:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Africa and Europe) and on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&amp;iso=20141119T16&amp;p1=1440 16:00 UTC] on [[:w:IRC|IRC]].

''Give feedback on VisualEditor at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]]  Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!''  —&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 09:49, 13 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2014 (UTC)
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== Meta RfCs on two new global groups ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, 

There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]].

We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated.

It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]].

Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) 18:04, 26 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2014 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for:

*'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias:
**[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] 
**[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].23:19, 5 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2014 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Global AbuseFilter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello,

[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]&quot;. Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]&quot; as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]].

Thanks,

[[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]&lt;/div&gt; — 17:34, 14 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2014 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #9—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - moble tablet switching.png|alt=Screenshot on an iPad, showing how to switch from one editor to the other|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;

VisualEditor is also available on the mobile version of Wikipedia. Log in and click the pencil icon to open the page you want to edit. Click on the gear-shaped settings button in the upper-right corner to pick which editor to use. Choose &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-visual-editor}}&quot; to use VisualEditor, or &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-source-editor}}&quot; to use the wikitext editor.

It will remember whether you used wikitext or VisualEditor, and use the same editor the next time you edit an article.  

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. Not all features are available on the mobile website.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=355757&amp;product=VisualEditor&amp;query_format=advanced&amp;resolution=FIXED&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-09&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-16&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-23%20%281.25wmf5%29&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-29%20%281.25wmf6%29 bugs and requests], and worked on support for editing tables and for using non-Latin languages. Their weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. Informal notes from the recent quarterly review were posted [[m:WMF_Metrics_and_activities_meetings/Quarterly_reviews/Editing/October_2014|on Meta]]. 

=== Recent improvements ===
Basic support for '''inserting tables''' and changing the number of rows and columns in them was just introduced to Wikipedias. Advanced features, like dragging columns to different places, will be added later. 

To help editors find the most important items more quickly, some items in the toolbar menus are now hidden behind '''a &quot;{{int:Ooui-toolbar-more}}&quot; item''', such as &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-annotationbutton-underline-tooltip}}&quot; in the styling menu.

The French Wikipedia should see '''better search results''' for links, templates, and media because the [[:mw:Help:CirrusSearch|new search engine]] was turned on for everyone there. This change is expected at the Chinese and German Wikipedias this week, and the following week at the English Wikipedia. 

The &quot;pawn&quot; system has been mostly replaced. Bugs in this system sometimes added a chess pawn character to wikitext. The replacement provides better support for '''non-Latin languages''', with full support hopefully coming soon. 

VisualEditor is now provided to editors who use '''Internet Explorer''' 10 or 11 on desktop and mobile devices. Internet Explorer 9 is not supported yet.

The '''keyboard shortcuts''' for items in the toolbar menus are now shown in the menus.  

VisualEditor will replace the existing design with a '''new theme''' from the [[mw:Design|User Experience/Design group]]. The appearance of dialog boxes has already changed in the mobile version. The appearance on desktops will change soon. You are welcome to compare [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old &quot;Apex&quot; design]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new &quot;MediaWiki&quot; theme]] which will replace it.

Several bugs were fixed for internal and external links. Improvements to MediaWiki's search solved an annoying problem: If you searched for the full name of the page or file that you wanted to link, sometimes the search engine could not find the page. A link inside a template to a local page that does not exist will now show red, exactly as it does when reading the page. Due to an error, for about two weeks this also affected all external links inside templates. Opening an auto-numbered link node like [http://example.com] with the keyboard used to open the wrong link tool. These problems have all been fixed.

=== TemplateData ===

'''The tool for quickly editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on Thursday, 6 November.''' This tool was already available on the biggest 40 Wikipedias, and now all wikis will have access to it. This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation. When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages). To use it, edit the template or a subpage, and then click the &quot;{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}&quot; button at the top. Read [[mw:Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] to learn more about it. You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]]. Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself. Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template.

You can use the '''new autovalue setting''' to pre-load a value into a template. This can be used to substitute dates, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=632356794&amp;oldid=632356402 this example], or to add the most common value for that parameter. The autovalue can be overridden by the editor, by typing something else in the field.

In TemplateData, you may '''define a parameter as &quot;required&quot;'''.  The template dialog box in VisualEditor will warn editors if they leave a &quot;required&quot; parameter empty, and they will not be able to delete that parameter. If the template can function without this parameter, then please mark it as &quot;{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-suggested}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-optional}}&quot; in TemplateData instead.

=== Looking ahead ===

The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon. The appearance of the media search dialog will improve, to make picking between possible images easier and more visual. The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].        

The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] is being updated to add information about editing tables.
The translations of the user guide for most languages except Spanish, French, and Dutch are significantly out of date. '''Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;action=page&amp;filter= complete the current translations]''' for users who speak your language.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Whatamidoing_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new Talk to us] if you need help exporting the translated guide to your wiki.        
    
'''You can influence VisualEditor's design'''! Tell the VisualEditor team what you want changed during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next sessions are on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&amp;iso=20141119T16&amp;p1=1440 16:00 UTC] and on Wednesday 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=7&amp;month=1&amp;year=2015 22:00 UTC]. You can also share your ideas at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]]

Also, '''user experience researcher''' [[:mw:User:ARipstra (WMF)|Abbey Ripstra]] is looking for editors to show her how they edit Wikipedia. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for the research program] if you would like to hear about opportunities.

If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!
—&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt; 23:29, 14 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2014 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books
*[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals
*[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs
*[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books

Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].00:22, 18 Oṣù Kejìlá 2014 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== VisualEditor News #10—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}width:230px;border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]]
[[File:VisualEditor table editing add and remove columns.png|230x230px|center|frameless|alt=Screenshot showing how to add or remove columns from a table]]
'''Did you know?'''
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;
Basic table editing is now available in VisualEditor. You can add and remove rows and columns from tables at the click of a button.

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on table editing and performance. Their weekly status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].

'''VisualEditor was deployed to several hundred remaining wikis''' as an opt-in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] at the end of November, except for most Wiktionaries (which depend heavily upon templates) and all Wikisources (which await integration with [[mw:Extension:Proofread Page|ProofreadPage]]).

=== Recent improvements ===

Basic support for '''editing tables''' is now available. You can add and delete tables, add and remove rows and columns, set or remove a caption for a table, and merge cells together. To change the contents of a cell, double-click inside it. More features will be added in the coming months. In addition, VisualEditor now ignores broken, invalid &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;rowspan&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;colspan&lt;/code&gt; elements, instead of trying to repair them.

You can now use '''find and replace''' in VisualEditor, reachable through the tool menu or by pressing &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;^ Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;F&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; or &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;⌘ Cmd&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;F&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;.

You can now create and edit simple &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; paragraphs for quoting and indenting content. This changes a &quot;{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-paragraph}}&quot; into a &quot;{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-blockquote}}&quot;.

Some '''new keyboard sequences''' can be used to format content. At the start of the line, typing &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;* &lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make the line a bullet list; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/code&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#&lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a numbered list; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;==&lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a section heading; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;: &lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a blockquote. If you didn't mean to use these tools, you can press undo to undo the formatting change.

There are also two other keyboard sequences: &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&quot; for opening the link tool, and &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&quot; for opening the template tool, to help experienced editors. The existing standard keyboard shortcuts, like &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;^ Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; to open the link editor, still work. 

If you add a category that has been redirected, then VisualEditor now adds its target. Categories without description pages show up as red.

You can again create and edit '''galleries''' as wikitext code.

=== Looking ahead ===

The current VisualEditor design will be replaced with a '''new theme''' designed by the [[mw:Design|User Experience group]]. The new theme will be visible for desktop systems at mediawiki.org in late December and on other sites in early January. (You can see a developer preview of [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old &quot;Apex&quot; theme]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new &quot;MediaWiki&quot; one]] which will replace it.)

The Editing team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' in January.

Planned changes to the media search dialog will make choosing between possible images easier.

=== Let's work together ===

* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].
* Translations of the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] for most languages are outdated. Only Ukrainian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Dutch translations are nearly current. Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= complete the current translations] for users who speak your language.
* Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Wednesday, 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=7&amp;month=1&amp;year=2015 22:00 UTC].
* File requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator].
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program].
* If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 
18:59, 26 Oṣù Kejìlá 2014 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #1—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]]
Since the last newsletter, the  [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appearance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. 
Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the  [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  

The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor ready for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. &lt;mark&gt;There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&amp;p1=224&amp;ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). &lt;/mark&gt; Tell Vice President of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other team members which bugs and features are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor ready for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. 

Due to some breaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in early January. The teams apologize for the problem. 

=== Recent improvements === 

The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design team. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been released, and these also affect the appearance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action:
* starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #015ccc; color:white&quot;&gt; blue &lt;/span&gt;, 
* takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation:  &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #008c6d; color:white&quot;&gt; green &lt;/span&gt;,
* might remove or lose your work, like removing a link:  &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #a7170f; color:white&quot;&gt;  red &lt;/span&gt;,  or  
* is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window:  &lt;span style=&quot;color: 757575&quot;&gt;  gray &lt;/span&gt;.  
The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor.   ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) 

'''Search and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].)

Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the &quot;Article Incubator&quot; or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change.

=== Looking ahead === 

The Editing team will soon add '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for each website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections.   

We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you speak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Please contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. 

=== Let's work together === 


*Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. 
*Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter=  complete translations of the user guide] for users who speak your language. 
*Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&amp;p1=224&amp;ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to learn more about this initiative. 
*Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=19&amp;month=2&amp;year=2015 19:00 UTC].  
*Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready.  Thank you! 

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 18:31, 5 Oṣù Kejì 2015 (UTC)
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== [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]]
Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment!

Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 22:32, 1 Oṣù Kẹta 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 21:14, 2 Oṣù Kẹta 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content ==

This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31.

All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge!
:*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]]
''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:01, 4 Oṣù Kẹta 2015 (UTC)
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== SUL finalization update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:45, 13 Oṣù Kẹta 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Stewards confirmation rules ==

Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know &amp; be able to participate. Best regards, --&lt;small&gt;[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]&lt;/small&gt; 16:12, 10 Oṣù Kẹrin 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #2—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]


'''Did you know?'''
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source:


[[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]]


Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results.  Click the green &quot;Insert&quot; button to accept its results and add them to the article:  


[[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]]


After inserting the citation, you can change it.  Select the reference, and click the &quot;Edit&quot; button in the context menu to make changes.

[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, each Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&amp;p1=224&amp;am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC).  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. 
=== Recent improvements ===
VisualEditor is now substantially faster.  In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%.

The Editing team is slowly adding '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias.  The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for each website.

Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates.  If you would like to request this feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki.

The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users.  After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March.  This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. 

Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Korean and Japanese.  These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] (&quot;IMEs”).  Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users.

The design for the image selection process is now using a &quot;masonry fit&quot; model.  Images in the search results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|&quot;packed&quot; mode in image galleries]].  This style helps you find the right image by making it easier to see more details in images.

You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appearance ​on the page.

The pop-up window that appears when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the &quot;context menu&quot;.  It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename.  The team has also added an explicit &quot;Edit&quot; button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item.

'''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section headings.

Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to boolean value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instead. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734])

=== Looking ahead ===
The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki will also have the option of creating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].

The team is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors.  The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666])

=== Let's work together ===

* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback].
* Can you translate from English into any other language?  Please check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve&amp;suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language.  [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! 
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* File requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. 

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt; 19:48, 10 Oṣù Kẹrin 2015 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] ==

''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.''
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]]
Greetings,

I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process.

This year, elections are being held for the following roles:

''Board of Trustees''&lt;br/&gt;
The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection.  There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]].    

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''&lt;br/&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''&lt;br/&gt;
The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis.  One position is being filled.  More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences  (200 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]'''  — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:12, 4 Oṣù Kàrún 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=yo Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=yo Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting.

The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=yo Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then &quot;Pywikipediabot&quot;) was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as &quot;rewrite&quot;, now called &quot;core&quot;) was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core.  If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a  [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem.

There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break.

Thank you,&lt;br /&gt;
The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== VisualEditor News #3—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]

'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information:
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
The link tool has been re-designed:  
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages.
[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has created new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design.  Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase.  During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not.  The main goal of the study is to learn which group was more likely to save an edit and to make productive, unreverted edits.  Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month.    
=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''.  Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation.  If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May.  All citations are now created inside a single tool.  Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}).  The cite button is now labeled with the word &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot; rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more meaningful label, &quot;{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}&quot;, for the submit button.

The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing.  It now has two separate sections:  one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Search results have been reduced to the first five pages.  Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appeared over the first match in the link inspector.  ([[phab:T98085|T98085]])

The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki can also create a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Please read the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].  Also, there is now a tooltip to describing each character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]])

Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''.  When you search for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The parameter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a parameter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}&quot; each time they want to add another parameter.  ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The team added a '''new property for TemplateData''', &quot;{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}&quot;, for template parameters.  This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that parameter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]])

The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme.  In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars.  Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design feature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled.

The team has released a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''.  If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  
* If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then please contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. 
* If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]]  for the most important citation templates on your wiki. 
*The team is planning the second VisualEditor-related &quot;translathon&quot; for July. Please follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course.

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;10:44, 13 Oṣù Kẹfà 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #3—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]

'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information:
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
The link tool has been re-designed:  
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages.
[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has created new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design.  Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase.  During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not.  The main goal of the study is to learn which group was more likely to save an edit and to make productive, unreverted edits.  Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month.    
=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''.  Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation.  If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May.  All citations are now created inside a single tool.  Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}).  The cite button is now labeled with the word &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot; rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more meaningful label, &quot;{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}&quot;, for the submit button.

The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing.  It now has two separate sections:  one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Search results have been reduced to the first five pages.  Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appeared over the first match in the link inspector.  ([[phab:T98085|T98085]])

The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki can also create a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Please read the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].  Also, there is now a tooltip to describing each character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]])

Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''.  When you search for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The parameter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a parameter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}&quot; each time they want to add another parameter.  ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The team added a '''new property for TemplateData''', &quot;{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}&quot;, for template parameters.  This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that parameter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]])

The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme.  In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars.  Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design feature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled.

The team has released a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''.  If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  
* If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then please contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. 
* If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]]  for the most important citation templates on your wiki. 
*The team is planning the second VisualEditor-related &quot;translathon&quot; for July. Please follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course.

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;12:42, 13 Oṣù Kẹfà 2015 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor &amp; Francis]]'''  — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts &amp; Humanities and Biological, Environment &amp; Earth Sciences. (30 accounts)
*'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]'''  — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present.  (100 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts)
'''New French-Language Branch!'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts).
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) —  Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts).
* '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials  (1000 accounts).

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]&lt;/small&gt;
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== HTTPS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.

Hi everyone.

Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals.

[https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified.

Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions.

/[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:00, 19 Oṣù Kẹfà 2015 (UTC)
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== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 05:08, 24 Oṣù Keje 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 23:42, 31 Oṣù Keje 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 04:05, 1 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2015 (UTC)

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== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12.

We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]].

A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how.

How to use it, once it is enabled:
* Parser function: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to get the capital from the item about Germany
* Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]]

Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:46, 3 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2015 (UTC)
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== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

Hi everyone,

As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier.
Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] 13:32, 12 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #4—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  
You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click.

Select the relevant text.  Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
Click the button.  VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support.  They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices.   

=== Wikimania ===
The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. 

Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ne&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;जनक राज भट्ट&lt;/span&gt; (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''.

For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%).   

For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%''').  There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%).   

[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative.   

=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia.  The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]].  So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool.  To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]].

Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. 
In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete.  VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software.     

=== Future changes ===
The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link.  When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box.  If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link.  If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not.  This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not.

On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors.  A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term.  New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting.  You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]].  The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice  between the two editing environments.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].  This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads.
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]]  needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help.  
* If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change.
* Please file requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator].   
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. 

If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt; —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:28, 14 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2015 (UTC)
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== How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Hello,

The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project.  Ways to participate:

*Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]].
*Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]].   
*Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]].
Feedback is welcome in any language.

With thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation.

([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt; 00:49, 19 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2015 (UTC)

== Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site ==

Hi all,

We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission.

Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/

Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog].

Thanks,

[[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) 18:13, 2 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2015 (UTC)

''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])''
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== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 20:52, 4 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2015 (UTC)

([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete 
* '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access &quot;clipping&quot; feature (1000 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development   (50 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' -  one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) 
* '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]'''  - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including  expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

:''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! ==

(Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.)

'''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline.  If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 21:01, 22 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2015 (UTC)
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== Reimagining WMF grants report ==

''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)''

Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated!  '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes|
A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available.

Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]].

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 16:56, 28 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #5—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/October|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

You can use the visual editor on smartphones and tablets.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:Switching edit modes to VisualEditor on Mobile web.png|alt=Screenshot showing the menu for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]&lt;br&gt;
Click the pencil icon to open the editor for a page.  Inside that, use the gear menu in the upper right corner to &quot;{{int:mobile-frontend-editor-switch-visual-editor}}&quot;.

The editing button will remember which editing environment you used last time, and give you the same one next time.  The desktop site will be switching to a system similar to this one in the coming months.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs, added new features, and made some small design changes.  They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages like Japanese and Arabic, making it easier to edit on mobile devices, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading.   
=== Recent improvements ===
'''Educational features:''' The first time ever you use the visual editor, it now draws your attention to the {{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-link-tooltip}} and {{Int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}} tools.  When you click on the tools, it explains why you should use them. ([[Phab:T108620|T108620]]) Alongside this, the welcome message for new users has been simplified to make editing more welcoming. ([[Phab:T112354|T112354]])  More in-software educational features are planned.  

'''Links:'''  It is now easier to understand when you are adding text to a link and when you are typing plain text next to it. ([[Phab:T74108|T74108]], [[Phab:T91285|T91285]])  The editor now fully supports ISBN, PMID or RFC numbers. ([[Phab:T109498|T109498]], [[Phab:T110347|T110347]], [[Phab:T63558|T63558]])  These  [[:en:Help:Magic_links|&quot;magic links&quot;]] use a custom link editing tool.  

'''Uploads:'''  Registered editors can now '''upload images''' and other media to Commons while editing.  Click the new tab in the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}} {{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-media-tooltip}}&quot; tool.  You will be guided through the process without having to leave your edit.  At the end, the image will be inserted. This tool is limited to one file at a time, owned by the user, and licensed under Commons's standard license.  For more complex situations, the tool links to more advanced upload tools.  You can also drag the image into the editor.  This will be available in the wikitext editor later. 

'''Mobile:'''  Previously, the visual editor was available on the mobile Wikipedia site only on tablets. Now, editors can use it on all devices regardless of size if they wish. ([[Phab:T85630|T85630]])  Edit conflicts were previously broken on the mobile website. Edit conflicts can now be resolved in both wikitext and visual editors. ([[Phab:T111894|T111894]])  Sometimes templates and similar items could not be deleted on the mobile website.  Selecting them caused the on-screen keyboard to hide with some browsers.  Now there is a new &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-contextitemwidget-label-remove}}&quot; button, so that these things can be removed if the keyboard hides. ([[Phab:T62110|T62110]]) You can also edit table cells in mobile now.

'''Rich editing tools:'''  You can now add and edit '''sheet''' '''music''' in the visual editor. ([[Phab:T112925|T112925]])  There are separate tabs for advanced options, such as MIDI and Ogg audio files. ([[Phab:T114227|T114227]], [[Phab:T113354|T113354]])  When editing '''formulæ''' and other blocks, errors are shown as you edit.  It is also possible to edit some types of '''graphs'''; adding new ones, and support for new types, will be coming. 

On the '''English Wikipedia''', the visual editor is now automatically available to anyone who creates an account.  The preference switch was moved to the normal location, under [[Special:Preferences]].
=== Future changes ===
You will soon be able to '''switch from the wikitext to the visual editor''' after you start editing. ([[phab:T49779|T49779]]) Previously, you could only switch from the visual editor to the wikitext editor.  Bi-directional switching will make possible a '''single edit tab.''' ([[phab:T102398|T102398]]) This project will combine the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab, similar to the system already used on the mobile website.  The &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]].  This feedback page uses [[mw:Flow|Flow]] for discussions.
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]).  
* Local admins can [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]].  If you need help, then please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki.
* The weekly task triage meetings are open to volunteers.  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. 

If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 18:17, 30 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2015 (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome.

The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on.

For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist.

While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. 

Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23.
 
We're looking forward to hearing your ideas!

&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech Team via [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:57, 9 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details.

If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as &quot;ambassador&quot;''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members.

[[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] 10:48, 10 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Harassment consultation ==

{{int:Please-translate}}

The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.)
::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]]  
:Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]]
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] ==

''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.''

Hi everyone,

This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki.

As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators.

We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community.

Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible.

(Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.)

Thank you for your participation!

''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]]
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome.

We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted.

Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Support}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14.

The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think!

Community Tech via
&lt;/div&gt; [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 14:38, 1 Oṣù Kejìlá 2015 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts
* [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish)
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.''

[[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]]

As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday!

People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts.

Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas:

* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message!

Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed.

If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]].

Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!&lt;br /&gt;
-The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], 20:59, 18 Oṣù Kejìlá 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]]
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== VisualEditor News #6—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

A new, simpler system for editing will offer a single Edit button.  Once the page has opened, you can switch back and forth between visual and wikitext editing.      

[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up dialog for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]&lt;br&gt;

If you prefer having separate edit buttons, then you can set that option in your preferences, either in a pop-up dialog the next time you open the visual editor, or by going to [[Special:Preferences]] and choosing the setting that you want: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab in preferences 2015-12-18.png|alt=Screenshot showing a drop-down menu in Special:Preferences|centre|frameless|230x230px]]

The current plan is for the default setting to have the Edit button open the editing environment you used most recently. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/December|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|visual editor team]] has fixed many bugs and expanded the mathematics formula tool.  Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages such as Japanese and Arabic, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading.   

=== Recent improvements ===
You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing.    
The '''LaTeX mathematics formula editor''' has been significantly expanded. ([[phab:T118616|T118616)]] You can see the formula as you change the LaTeX code.  You can click buttons to insert the correct LaTeX code for many symbols.  
=== Future changes ===
The '''single edit tab''' project will combine the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab, like the system already used on the mobile website.  ([[phab:T102398|T102398]], [[phab:T58337|T58337]])  Initially, the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time.  Your last editing choice will be stored as a cookie for logged-out users and as an account preference for logged-in editors.  Logged-in editors will be able to set a default editor in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]] in the drop-down menu about &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}&quot;.   

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the following Wikipedias in early 2016:  [[w:am:|Amharic]], [[w:bug:|Buginese]], [[w:cdo:|Min Dong]], [[w:cr:|Cree]], [[w:gv:|Manx]], [[w:hak:|Hakka]], [[w:hy:|Armenian]], [[w:ka:|Georgian]], [[w:pnt:|Pontic]], [[w:sh:|Serbo-Croatian]], [[w:ti:|Tigrinya]], [[w:xmf:|Mingrelian]], [[w:za:|Zhuang]], and [[w:zh-min-nan:|Min Nan]]. ([[phab:T116523|T116523]]) Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]].  The developers would like to know how well it works.  Please tell them what kind of computer, web browser, and keyboard you are using.  

In 2016, the '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor on many Wikipedias will be redirected to mediawiki.org. ([[phab:T92661|T92661]])

=== Testing opportunities ===
* Please try the new system for the '''single edit tab''' on [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org].  You can edit while logged out to see how it works for logged-out editors, or you can create a separate account to be able to set your account's preferences.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share your thoughts about the single edit tab system at [[mediawikiwiki:Topic:Suspcq0bf5nd3gsd|the feedback topic on mediawiki.org]] or [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for formal user research]&lt;/mark&gt; (type &quot;single edit tab&quot; in the question about other areas you're interested in).  The new system has not been finalized, and your feedback can affect the outcome.  The team particularly wants your thoughts about the options in Special:Preferences. The current choices in Special:Preferences are:
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}},
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}, 
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and 
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}.  (This is the current state for people already using the visual editor.  None of these options will be visible if you have disabled the visual editor in your preferences at that wiki.)  
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]).  
If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 00:06, 25 Oṣù Kejìlá 2015 (UTC)
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== Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th.  To apply, visit the page below:
:*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships]
[[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 01:49, 5 Oṣù Kínní 2016 (UTC)
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== 2016 WMF Strategy consultation ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
Hello, all.

The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.)

Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]].

Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :)

If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org.

I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 19:06, 18 Oṣù Kínní 2016 (UTC)
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== Completion suggestor ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
== Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March==

Hello!

{{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos.

Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language.

To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about  [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.&lt;/div&gt; - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 7 Oṣù Kẹta 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}''

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. 

'''Non-English'''
*'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts.
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts.

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts.
*'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts.
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:30, 17 Oṣù Kẹta 2016 (UTC)


:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

[[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]]
{{int:Please-translate}}:

Greetings!  The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.
Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:47, 31 Oṣù Kẹta 2016 (UTC)
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== Server switch 2016 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas.
This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.
To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems.

They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.&lt;br/&gt;
On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.
We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT).

If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.
We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.
If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.
Then you should be able to save your edit.
But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.
Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.
If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.
Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April.
No non-essential code deployments will take place.

This test was originally planned to take place on March 22.
April 19th and 21st are the new dates. 
You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].
They will post any changes on that schedule.
There will be more notifications about this.
'''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 21:07, 17 Oṣù Kẹrin 2016 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]].

This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:35, 21 Oṣù Kẹrin 2016 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun ==

Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:31, 10 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)
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==Wiki Loves Earth Biosphere Reserves==

Ẹpẹ̀lẹ́ o ẹ̀yin olóòtú Yoruba Wikipedia,

Inú mi dùn lati fi tó yin létí wípé ìdíje Wiki Loves Earth Biosphere Reserves pẹ̀lú àjọṣepò UNESCO ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ lóṣù yí. Fún ẹ̀kun rẹ́rẹ́ àlàyé nípa ìdíje yìí ẹ wo [[:m:WikiProject UNESCO/Wiki Loves Earth Biosphere Reserves|ibí]]. Ẹsé adúpẹ́. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:03, 11 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)

== Compact Links coming soon to this wiki ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]]

Hello, I wanted to give a heads up about an upcoming feature for this wiki which you may seen already in the [[:m:Tech/News/2016/25|Tech News]]. [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). This will be enabled as a feature in the soon for all users, which can be turned on or off using a preference setting. We look forward to  your feedback and please do let us know if you have any questions. Details about Compact Language Links can be read in the [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project documentation]].

Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. The main announcement can also be translated on [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links/Announcement_draft_June_2016|this page]]. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]])-13:06, 29 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)

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== Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]]

[[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]].

From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. However, using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -&gt; Appearance -&gt; Languages''

The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]]. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English).

Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]])-03:05, 1 Oṣù Keje 2016 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content!

Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 14:10, 1 Oṣù Keje 2016 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing News #2—2016 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/June|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

It's quick and easy to insert a references list.
[[File:VisualEditor References List Insert Menu-en.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with many items|center|frameless|150px]]  

Place the cursor where you want to display the references list (usually at the bottom of the page).  Open the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu and click the &quot;{{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}&quot; icon (three books).

If you are using several groups of references, which is relatively rare, you will have the opportunity to specify the group. If you do that, then only the references that belong to the specified group will be displayed in this list of references.
Finally, click &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialog-action-insert}}&quot; in the dialog to insert the {{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}.  This list will change as you add more footnotes to the page.

You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for Arabic and Indic scripts, and adapting the visual editor to the needs of the Wikivoyages and Wikisources.   

=== Recent changes ===
The visual editor is now available to all users at most [[Wikivoyage:|Wikivoyages]].  It was also enabled for all contributors at the French Wikinews.

The '''[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' feature combines the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab.  It has been deployed to several Wikipedias, including Hungarian, Polish, English and Japanese Wikipedias, as well as to all Wikivoyages.  At these wikis, you can change your settings for this feature in the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab of [[Special:Preferences]]. The team is now reviewing the feedback and considering ways to improve the design before rolling it out to more people.

=== Future changes ===
The &quot;{{int:Savearticle}}&quot; button will say &quot;{{int:Publishpage}}&quot;.   This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems.  More [[M:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]].

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|&quot;Phase 6&quot; Wikipedias]] during the next few months. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including: [[:w:ar: |'''Arabic''']], [[:w:hi: |'''Hindi''']], [[:w:th: |'''Thai''']], [[:w:ta: |'''Tamil''']], [[:w:mr: |'''Marathi''']], [[:w:ml: |'''Malayalam''']], [[:w:ur: |'''Urdu''']], [[:w:fa: |'''Persian''']], [[:w:bn: |'''Bengali''']], [[:w:as: |'''Assamese''']], [[:w:arc: |'''Aramaic''']] and others.

The team is working with the volunteer developers who power Wikisource to provide the visual editor there, for opt-in testing right now and eventually for all users. ([[phab:T138966|T138966]]) 

The team is working on a modern wikitext editor.  It will look like the visual editor, and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools.  This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices around September 2016.  You can read about this project in a [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. 

=== Let's work together ===
* Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates?  &lt;mark&gt;Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor?  Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].&lt;/mark&gt;
* Learn how to improve the &quot;automagical&quot; [[:mw:citoid|citoid]] referencing system in the visual editor, by creating [[w:en:Zotero|Zotero]] translators for popular sources in your language!  Watch the [[Mw:Citoid/Zotero's Tech Talk|Tech Talk by Sebastian Karcher]] for more information.
 
If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]], 17:20, 3 Oṣù Keje 2016 (UTC)
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== Open call for Project Grants ==

[[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]]
{{int:Please-translate}}:

:Greetings!  The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.
:Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.
:*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab
:*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session
:*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]]
:Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]]  

:With thanks,  [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:25, 5 Oṣù Keje 2016 (UTC)
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== Save/Publish ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”]. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you create a new page. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]

This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens.

If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”].

The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem.

Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. 

Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” and “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”.

Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested.
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 18:03, 9 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &amp;ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &amp;ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &amp;ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &amp;ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &amp;ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:39, 30 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2016 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! &lt;/div&gt; [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2016 (UTC)
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== Grants to improve your project ==

''{{int:Please-translate}}:''

Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit  before the October 11 deadline.  If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]]
*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]]
[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 30 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2016 (UTC)
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== Creative Commons 4.0 ==

Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]].

''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) 01:35, 6 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2016 (UTC)
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== Editing News #3—2016 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can easily re-arrange columns and rows in the visual editor? [[File:VisualEditor table editing menu.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with options for editing the table structure|center|frameless|232x232px]]  


Select a cell in the column or row that you want to move.  Click the arrow at the start of that row or column to open the dropdown menu (shown).  Choose either &quot;Move before&quot; or &quot;Move after&quot; to move the column, or &quot;Move above&quot; or &quot;Move below&quot; to move the row.

You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has mainly worked on a new wikitext editor.  They have also released some small features and the new map editing tool.  Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the list of work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, releasing the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[mediawikiwiki:Beta_Features|beta feature]], and improving language support.

=== Recent changes ===

*You can now set text as small or big.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T53613] 
*Invisible templates have been shown as a puzzle icon.  Now, the name of the invisible template is displayed next to the puzzle icon.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T141861]  A similar feature will display the first part of hidden HTML comments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147089]
*Categories are displayed at the bottom of each page.  If you click on the categories, the dialog for editing categories will open.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145267]
*At many wikis, you can now add [[mediawikiwiki:Maps|maps]] to pages.  Go to the Insert menu and choose the &quot;Maps&quot; item. The Discovery department is adding more features to this area, like geoshapes. You can read more at mediawiki.org.[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Discovery#Maps]
*The &quot;Save&quot; button now says &quot;Save page&quot; when you create a page, and &quot;Save changes&quot; when you change an existing page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]  In the future, the &quot;{{int:Savearticle}}&quot; button will say &quot;{{int:Publishpage}}&quot;.  This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems.  More [[:m:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]].
*Image galleries now use a visual mode for editing.  You can see thumbnails of the images, add new files, remove unwanted images, rearrange the images by dragging and dropping, and add captions for each image.  Use the &quot;Options&quot; tab to set the gallery's display mode, image sizes, and add a title for the gallery.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T45037]

=== Future changes ===

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining 10 [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|&quot;Phase 6&quot; Wikipedias]] during the next month. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor.  Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including [[:w:th:|'''Thai''']], [[:w:my:|'''Burmese''']] and [[:w:arc:|'''Aramaic''']].

The team is working on a modern wikitext editor.  The [[Mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] will look like the visual editor and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools.  This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices in October 2016.  You can read about this project in a [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. 

=== Let's work together ===

* Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates?  &lt;mark&gt;Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor?  Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].&lt;/mark&gt; 
 
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 17:49, 15 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
*'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy
*'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities
*'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals
*'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals
*'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added
*'''[[:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence &amp; Security Studies collection
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:30, 1 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2016 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Password reset ==

''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]''

We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords.

Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue.

In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords.

Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 23:59, 13 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2016 (UTC)
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== Adding to the above section (Password reset) ==

Please accept my apologies - that first line should read &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Help with translations!]&quot;. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 00:11, 14 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2016 (UTC)
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== New way to edit wikitext ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

'''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]].


We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it.

Consequently, we've planned a &quot;wikitext mode&quot; for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext.

All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to &quot;{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}&quot;.

The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do.

This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]].  You may write comments in any language.  Thank you.

&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --19:32, 14 Oṣù Kejìlá 2016 (UTC)
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== Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. 

This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard.

The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far:

* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016)
** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016)
** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017)
** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017)
** Introduction of williamsworks 
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017)
** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017)
** Tracks A &amp; B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 20:30, 15 Oṣù Kejì 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017)
** Development of documentation for Tracks A &amp; B
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017)
** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017)
** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 19:43, 9 Oṣù Kẹta 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
: ''This message, &quot;[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]&quot;, was sent through multiple channels by  [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' 

Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians:

Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation.

There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: 

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). 

Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]].

This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years?

We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement.

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]]

Sincerely,

Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), &amp; the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 05:09, 18 Oṣù Kẹta 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]].

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].'''

Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members.

The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. 

* April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' 
* April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period'''
* April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions'''
* May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period'''
* May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking'''
* May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal'''

In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles:

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)'''
** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]].

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)'''
** One position is being filled.  More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]].

Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. 

More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 03:37, 7 Oṣù Kẹrin 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''.
On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:34, 11 Oṣù Kẹrin 2017 (UTC)
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== Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android.  While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results.

We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago  to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism.

We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities.
As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks!

-[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 08:41, 14 Oṣù Kẹrin 2017 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Page previews feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
New Page previews feature

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

Hello,

The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017.

A quick note on the implementation:

* For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page.
* For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview.
* For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. 

You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. 

Thank you, [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:52, 19 Oṣù Kẹrin 2017 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's''
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine

'''Expansions'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:52, 2 Oṣù Kàrún 2017 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''&lt;br&gt; 
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''.

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]&lt;/div&gt; 19:15, 3 Oṣù Kàrún 2017 (UTC)''
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== Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:41, 8 Oṣù Kàrún 2017 (UTC)
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== Editing News #1—2017 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;   

Did you know that you can review your changes visually? 

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}&quot;.  
In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]]


Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]]


The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at  [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].   Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool.   

=== Recent changes ===
*A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices.  The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. 
* A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode.  You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  More features will be added to this later.  In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350]
* The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
* You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356]
* The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the &quot;hamburger&quot; icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a &quot;Templates used on this page&quot; feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009]
* You can now create &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;chem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;  tags (sometimes used as &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ce&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365]
* Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) .  The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626]
* A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page.  This has been fixed.  The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217]
* There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations:  &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a PC, or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a Mac.  It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299]

=== Future changes ===
* The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool.  It will highlight matching pairs of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and other types of wikitext syntax.  You will be able to turn it on and off.  It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
* The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors.  The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]].  The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read.  The labels will remain the same.  You can test the new button by editing a page and adding &lt;code&gt;&amp;ooui=1&lt;/code&gt; to the end of the URL, like this:  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&amp;ooui=1  The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849]
* The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year.  It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors.  See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 18:06, 12 Oṣù Kàrún 2017 (UTC)
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== Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia ==

Hello,

I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary.

One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites.

The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. 

We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature.

We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes.

You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it.

Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding.

Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]]
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:44, 16 Oṣù Kàrún 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|150px]]
The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts.

You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you.

Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]]

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate.

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 21:08, 16 Oṣù Kàrún 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]]
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].''

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments.

The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last.

* May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations'''
* May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period'''
* May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions'''
* June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period'''
* June 12–14 – '''Vote checking'''
* June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results'''

More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 21:06, 23 Oṣù Kàrún 2017 (UTC)
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== Accessible editing buttons ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface.  The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets.

You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=1 new] versions now.  Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; caption=&quot;Comparison of old and new styles&quot; heights=&quot;240&quot; widths=&quot;572&quot;&gt;
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change
&lt;/gallery&gt;

However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets.  Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system.  &lt;mark&gt;If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts.  Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.&lt;/mark&gt;

This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''.  Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:23, 10 Oṣù Keje 2017 (UTC)
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== Page Previews (Hovercards) update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello,

A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. 

Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months.  We are finally ready to deploy the feature.  Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. 

Thank you again.
&lt;/div&gt;[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:32, 20 Oṣù Keje 2017 (UTC)
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== RfC regarding &quot;Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation&quot; ==

There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]&quot; 

Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have.

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]].

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:06, 17 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2017 (UTC)
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== Discussion on synced reading lists ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Discussion on synced reading lists'''

Hello,

[[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way.  

To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones).  This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. 
=== Background ===
In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow &quot;syncing&quot; of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. 

The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a &quot;must have&quot; for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow.

Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future.

=== Why not watchlists ===

Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways:
* Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes.
* Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. 
** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints.
* By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki.
* Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term.
[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. 

Thank you
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:35, 20 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2017 (UTC)
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== New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers'''

The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]].

Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback.  The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued.

For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens.

The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. 

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 20 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2017 (UTC)
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== Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships ==

Hi all,

We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.'''

Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]].

To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply'''

It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages!

Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 19:24, 20 Oṣù Kejìlá 2017 (UTC)
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== User group for Military Historians ==

Greetings, 

&quot;Military history&quot; is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]].

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:46, 21 Oṣù Kejìlá 2017 (UTC)
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== Editing News #1—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page?

[[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]]

Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff.  This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence.

If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}&quot;, you will have a new option.  It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page.  This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit.

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]]
Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.

In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.

[[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]]

This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff.  The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool.
===Recent changes===
*The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices.  It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments.  They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing.  The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January.  Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor.  Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits.  More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]].
*The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor.  It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor.  When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for &quot;Visual diffs&quot;.  The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508]
*[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
*The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates.  It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up.  &lt;mark&gt;Your wiki can have this service.  Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]&lt;/mark&gt;.

===Let's work together===
*The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]].
*Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors.  If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]].
*The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 

—[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 20:56, 2 Oṣù Kẹta 2018 (UTC)
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== AdvancedSearch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work!  &lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:53, 7 Oṣù Kàrún 2018 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool

'''Expansions'''
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment]
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 Oṣù Kàrún 2018 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Tidy to RemexHtml ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[:mw:Parsing|Parsing]] team will be [[:mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|replacing Tidy with RemexHtml]] at this wiki on 5 July 2018.

Some pages at this wiki use outdated HTML.  This change may change the appearance of those pages.  [[Special:LintErrors]] has a complete list of affected pages.

Read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html this e-mail message] for more information.  Read the instructions at [[:mw:Help:Extension:Linter]].  You can ask questions at [[:mw:Talk:Parsing/Replacing Tidy]].  Thank you for helping fix these problems.
&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 14:38, 2 Oṣù Keje 2018 (UTC)
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== Global preferences are available ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:20, 10 Oṣù Keje 2018 (UTC)
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== New user group for editing sitewide CSS / JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all!

To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.)
A new user group, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt;, has been created.
Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.css&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.js&lt;/code&gt; that is either in the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt; namespace or is another user's user subpage).

You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]].

Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats).
This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment).

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 17:45, 30 Oṣù Keje 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now ==

''({{int:please-translate}})''

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,

as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the &lt;code&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt; ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug.

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:40, 27 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''.
On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 13:33, 6 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2018 (UTC)
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== Editing News #2—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?
[[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]]

Tap on the pencil icon to start editing.  The page will probably open in the wikitext editor.

You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar.  Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing.

[[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

Remember to publish your changes when you're done.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]].  The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices.  Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing.   

=== Recent changes ===
*The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]].  
*The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website.  New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles.  You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]].
*The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]].
*The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]].  If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar.  You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]].
*The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds).
*The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images.  It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/]

=== Let's work together ===
* The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website.  &lt;mark&gt;Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.&lt;/mark&gt;  
*The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week.
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:17, 2 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2018 (UTC)
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== Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web'''

{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]]

Hello,

In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct.

What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the &quot;Learn more&quot; link to get more information.

For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]].

If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:35, 13 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2018 (UTC)
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== Advanced Search ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  
[[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:03, 26 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2018 (UTC)
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==Iroyin==

Hi!

I'm very happy to announce that the keyboard support for five languages of Africa has improved!

The languages are Ewe, Fon, Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. The improved typing support is usable on any desktop computer with a browser with JavaScript enabled. It is installed in Wikipedia and all other Wikimedia projects, and also on translatewiki.net.

These typing tools don't require the installation of any software on your computers, or using any key combinations (like Alt or Ctrl). Most special characters are typed on these keyboards by typing the tilde (~) character before the special letter.

See the full documentation here:

* Ewe: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector/Input_methods/ee-tilde
* Fon: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector/Input_methods/fon-tilde
* Hausa: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector/Input_methods/ha-tilde
* Igbo: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector/Input_methods/ig-tilde
* Yoruba: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector/Input_methods/yo-tilde

Some thanks and credits:
The Fon keyboard was originally made by Mahuton Possoupe at the Barcelona Hackathon. This week I updated it with some more necessary characters by Mahuton's request.
The Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba keyboards were requested by User:HandsomeBoy at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2019/Editing/Add_key_mapping_for_Yoruba,_Igbo,_and_Hausa_to_ULS .
The keyboard for Ewe was requested by Felix Nartey.
Kartik Mistry was very helpful with reviewing the code for the keyboards, and of course I thank all the developers of jquery.ime ( https://github.com/wikimedia/jquery.ime/ ), the underlying technology that was used to make them.

If you have any questions about these keyboards, or if you want to request keyboard support for more languages, please reach out to me or leave a note at the talk page:
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help_talk:Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector/Input_methods

--
Amir Elisha Aharoni · אָמִיר אֱלִישָׁע אַהֲרוֹנִי
http://aharoni.wordpress.com
‪“We're living in pieces,
I want to live in peace.” – T. Moore‬

== Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]]

Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. 

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February.

The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. 

The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.'''''

Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page.

To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]]

There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love!

Kind regards,

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]]

Imagine... the sum of all love!
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:13, 27 Oṣù Kejìlá 2018 (UTC)
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== Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta feature) has now been extended and enabled for users of this Wikipedia, with the inclusion of [[:en:Google_Translate|Google Translate]]. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles with Content Translation. To start using this service, please choose ''Google Translate'' from the ''Automatic Translation'' dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. 

Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Google Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. While machine translation exists to aid creation of content conveniently, we would like to emphasise that before publishing, the final content should always be reviewed to avoid errors and ambiguity. We hope that your wiki community will find this new service useful, and that it will help you create more articles in your language.

Wikimedia Foundation and Google have collaborated to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/GT#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Google|an agreement]] that allows the use of Google Translate without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/GT|Google Translate translation services]]. You can also read the [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2019/01/09/you-can-now-use-google-translate-to-translate-articles-on-wikipedia main announcement on Wikimedia news]. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services.

We have tested the service for use, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into for other users of this Wikipedia. 

Thank you. -- On behalf of WMF Language team: [[m:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 16:15, 9 Oṣù Kínní 2019 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 Oṣù Kínní 2019 (UTC)
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== No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;
18:55, 16 Oṣù Kínní 2019 (UTC)
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== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot;￼icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 Oṣù Kejì 2019 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 Oṣù Kẹta 2019 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 10:57, 8 Oṣù Kẹrin 2019 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 Oṣù Kẹrin 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing News #1—July 2019 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
&lt;big&gt;'''Did you know?'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?

Every article has a pencil icon at the top.  Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing.  

'''&lt;big&gt;Edit Cards&lt;/big&gt;'''

[[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter.

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more.  All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]].  

Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you:  

&lt;strong&gt;Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?&lt;/strong&gt;

If you are interested, we would value your input!  You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. 

&lt;em&gt;Follow these instructions and share your experience:&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].&lt;/strong&gt;

=== Recent releases ===
The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]].  The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: 

# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]]
#* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits.
#* The team studied this with an A/B test.  [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing.
# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]]
#* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing.

Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor.

=== New and active projects ===
This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings.

*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles.  You can try this feature now.  &lt;em&gt;Go here to see how:&lt;/em&gt; [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 &lt;em&gt;Try Edit Cards&lt;/em&gt;]].
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks:  ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?''  We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use.  The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools.

=== Looking ahead ===

* '''Wikimania:'''  Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019.  They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]].  Talk to the team about how editing can be improved.
* '''Talk Pages:'''  In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis.

=== Learning more ===
The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

[[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 
&lt;/div&gt; 18:32, 23 Oṣù Keje 2019 (UTC)
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== Update on the consultation about office actions ==

Hello all, 

Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. 

This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation.

For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation.

Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. 

Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust &amp; Safety team]] 08:03, 16 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2019 (UTC)
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== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 14:18, 21 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2019 (UTC)
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== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2019 (UTC)
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== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. 

We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups.  So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes.  

We would like individual feedback on the following:

* Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered
* Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know
* Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far

We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. 

When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project:

* Make it easier for readers to focus on the content
* Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing)
* Put things in logical and useful places
* Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps
* Eliminate clutter
* Plan for future growth

As well as the following constraints:

* Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves
* Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain
* No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors

Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] 

After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 07:18, 16 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2019 (UTC)
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== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2019 (UTC)
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== Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]].

=== Help ===
&lt;strong&gt;What talk page interactions do you remember?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else?  Whatever your story is, we want to hear it!  

Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the &lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/mark&gt;  The team wants your examples.  These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage.

=== Talk pages project ===
The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools.  The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. 

The team needs and wants your help at this early stage.  They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Getting involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate.

=== Mobile visual editor ===
The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices.  The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ====
[[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link.  The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]]

* On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor.
* There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links.  There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]].
* Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ====
[[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor.  The old system had two different toolbars.  Now, all the buttons are together.  [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]]

* In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar.  Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor.
** &lt;em&gt;One toolbar:&lt;/em&gt; All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar.  Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things.
**&lt;em&gt;New navigation:&lt;/em&gt; The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed.
**&lt;em&gt;Seamless switching:&lt;/em&gt; an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes.
* Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]].

=== Wikimania ===
The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden.  They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]].  They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors.  You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]].

=== Looking ahead ===

* &lt;strong&gt;Talk Pages Project:&lt;/strong&gt; The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes.  The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;Getting involved&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:&lt;/strong&gt;  The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|&lt;strong&gt;VisualEditor as mobile default project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:&lt;/strong&gt;  This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations.  The Editing team hopes to share results in November.  The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|&lt;strong&gt;Edit Cards project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].

– [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 11:12, 29 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2019 (UTC)
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== Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project ==

Hello

The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement.

To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating!

-- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 Oṣù Kínní 2020 (UTC)
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== Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages ==

''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' 

You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment.  We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)
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==Notification: Rollback &amp; Account Creator User Right==

Hello everyone

I apologize for posting in English. I am happy to inform you that &quot;Rollback&quot; and &quot;account creator&quot; user right has been deployed to this wiki following a successful request. You can now request for these rights and any administrator on Yoruba Wikipedia may grant it, following a successful request for permission at the relevant page. In the interim, request could be made directly to any administrator pending the development of the &quot;request for permission&quot; page. Thanks for all your contributions to Yoruba Wikipedia. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:37, 6 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)
:I applaud this step as recognition of the Yoruba WP as a thriving, active project. Thanks to Admin [[User:T Cells|T Cells]] for initiating and promoting the process, so editors can contribute more productively and easily in maintaining good content. ''-- [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 15:00, 6 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)''

== Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]]

The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]].  The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.  This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. 

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]]

The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now.  This early version can sign and indent comments automatically.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].&lt;/strong&gt;  

*On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias:  [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]].  If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]].
*The team is planning some upcoming changes.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.&lt;/strong&gt;  The team will test features such as:
**an easy way to mention another editor (&quot;pinging&quot;), 
**a rich-text visual editing option, and 
**other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors.  

To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Get involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]].

– [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:27, 8 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)
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== Afrocuration project ==
Hi all, I am part of the Afrocuration project that creates articles relating to Covid-19. I will be creating a couple of articles. I unfortunately don't speak the language and the articles I'm posting is not created by my. I will add a &quot;Afrocuration&quot; comment on every page I create, and also the author's name. Please correct any mistakes. Kind regards [[Oníṣe:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Dumbassman|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:12, 30 Oṣù Kàrún 2020 (UTC)
:[[oníṣe:Dumbassman]], thanks for this information. However, I have deleted the article you created on face masks as it appears to have been translated by a machine. Yoruba Wikipedia does not allow machine translation. Please inform your translators to refrain from translating articles (contents) with machines. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 07:16, 31 Oṣù Kàrún 2020 (UTC)
::: Thanks a lot for the feedback. I will cease all editing until this is resolved. Kind Regards [[Oníṣe:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Dumbassman|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:02, 31 Oṣù Kàrún 2020 (UTC)

== Editing news 2020 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar.  [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]]

This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|&lt;strong&gt;Reply tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias).  The Beta Feature is called &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot;.  The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon.  The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now.  Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|&lt;strong&gt;New requirements for user signatures&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable.  Most editors will not be affected.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|&lt;strong&gt;New discussion tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions.   You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|&lt;strong&gt;Research on the use of talk pages&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles.  We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. 

– [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 20:33, 17 Oṣù Kẹfà 2020 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the upcoming WPWP Campaign ==

Hello Wikipedians, 

This is to invite you to join the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|WPWP Campaign]] to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign will run from 1st July 2020 to 31st August 2020. 

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards, 

Thank you, 

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 21:32, 18 Oṣù Kẹfà 2020 (UTC)
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== Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos ==

[[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]]
This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020.

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards,

Thank you,

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 Oṣù Keje 2020 (UTC)

''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community''
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== Feedback on movement names ==

{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented.

Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. 

Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki.

Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:42, 2 Oṣù Keje 2020 (UTC)

''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].''
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== Editing news 2020 #3 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]]

Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors.  Since then, editors have achieved many milestones:

* More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.
* More than &lt;strong&gt;2 million new articles&lt;/strong&gt; have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019.
* The visual editor is &lt;strong&gt;increasingly popular&lt;/strong&gt;.  The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction.
* In 2019, &lt;strong&gt;35% of the edits by newcomers&lt;/strong&gt; (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has &lt;strong&gt;increased every year&lt;/strong&gt;.
* Almost &lt;strong&gt;5 million edits on the mobile site&lt;/strong&gt; have been made with the visual editor.  Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018.
* On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 &lt;strong&gt;first edit from outer space&lt;/strong&gt;] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀
* Editors have made more than &lt;strong&gt;7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor&lt;/strong&gt;, including starting &lt;strong&gt;600,000 new articles&lt;/strong&gt; in it.  The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode.  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]].

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])

&lt;/div&gt; 12:55, 9 Oṣù Keje 2020 (UTC)
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== Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all,

It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new.

This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world.

The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language.

As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation &lt;ref&gt;[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams.

It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project.

We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions.

There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list &lt;ref&gt;[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path.

Yours,

Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) 

&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:10, 9 Oṣù Keje 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' &lt;/small&gt;
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== Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. 
How does it work? 

Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link &quot;Move file to Wikimedia Commons&quot; on the local file page. 

Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. 

Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. 

If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: &lt;/div&gt;[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:14, 6 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on September 1st ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt; 13:49, 26 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2020 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias

Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR].

A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2020 (UTC)

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== Invitation to participate in the conversation ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020.

The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved?

Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. 

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages.

To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta.

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2020 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wiki of functions naming contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations.

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 21:23, 29 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2020 (UTC)
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== Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on October 27 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; -- &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;  17:11, 21 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2020 (UTC)
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== Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}.
Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:10, 5 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open!
This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better.
The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors.
You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

18:09, 20 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2020 (UTC)
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== Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!''

As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article.

Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki.

This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond.

Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015.

If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks!

[[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2020 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools!

You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 Oṣù Kejìlá 2020 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2021 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
'''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.'''

In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones.

We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]'''

We are waiting for your votes. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]

00:52, 15 Oṣù Kejìlá 2020 (UTC)
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== Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]]

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

[[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning
process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. 

''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:16, 27 Oṣù Kínní 2021 (UTC) 
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Project Grant Open Call ==

This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.&lt;br&gt; This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.&lt;br&gt;

For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building.  We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:&lt;br&gt;

* Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal:
* [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application&lt;br&gt;
* General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants &lt;br&gt;
* [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]&lt;br&gt;

Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.&lt;br&gt;

We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 08:01, 28 Oṣù Kínní 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added

We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
--12:57, 1 Oṣù Kejì 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Feminism &amp; Folklore 1 February - 31 March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! 

You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. 

You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. 

Feminism and Folklore team,

[[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 Oṣù Kejì 2021 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikifunctions logo contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 01:47, 2 Oṣù Kẹta 2021 (UTC)
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== Ìpele Ìkejì Àlàkalẹ̀ Gbogboògbọ̀ fún Ìhùwàsí ==

[[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Àlàkalẹ̀ Gbogboògbò fún Ìhùwàsí (UCoC)''']] yìí ṣ'ètò ìpelẹ̀sẹ̀ iwà tí ó bójú mu fún àjọṣepọ̀ Wikimedia àti àwọn iṣẹ́ àkànṣe rẹ̀ẹ̀. kárí àgbáyé. Iṣẹ́ yìí wà ni ipele ìkejì lọ́wọ́, pẹ̀lú ìjíròrò lóri bí a ṣelè gbé òfin yìí ró. O lè kà si lóri iṣẹ́ yìí nípa lílọ sí [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''ojú-ewé rẹẹ̀''']].

===Ìgbìmọ̀ Abánikọ:Ìpè fún ìdarapọ̀===

Wikimedia Foundation ngba àwọn olùfarajìn lọ́wọ́ láti darapọ̀ mọ́ ìgbìmọ̀ tí yíò kọ bí a ṣelè gbé òfin UCoC ró. Àwọn olùfarajìn lórí ìgbìmọ̀ yìí yó jọ̀wọ́ láàrin wákàtí méjì sí mẹ́fà lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀, láti oṣù kẹ́rin títí dé oṣù kéje, àti láti oṣù kẹ́wà sí oṣù kọ́kànlá. Ó ṣe pàtàkì fún ìgbìmọ̀ yìí láti ní onírúurú ènìyàn, tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi ìrírí, yálà àwọn oníṣé tí óti pẹ́ nínú àjọṣepọ̀ yìí tàbí àwọn tí ó ṣẹ̀ darapọ̀, àti àwọn tí ó ti jẹ́ olùfaragba ìyọnu lọ́nà kan tàbí òmíràn, pẹ̀lú àwọn tí ati fi èsùn èké ìyọlẹ́nu kàn.

Láti f'orúkọ sílẹ̀ tàbí mọ̀ si nípa ètò yìí, wo [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Àlàkalẹ̀ Gbogboògbọ̀ fún Ìhùwàsí/Ìgbìmọ̀ Abánikọ]]

===Ìjíròrò 2021: Àkíyèsí àti ìpè fún àwọn olùfarajìn/onítúmọ̀===

Láti 5 April - 5 May 2021, àwọn ìjíròrò yí ò wáyé nínu ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́ àkànṣẹ Wikimedia lórí ìgbófinró UCoC. À nwá  àwọn olùfarajìn láti túnmọ̀ àwọn ohun èlò pàtàkì àti láti darí àwọn ìjíròrò ní èdè tàbí iṣẹ́ Wikimedia wọn nípa lílo [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|àwọn ìbéèrè pàtàkì]] tí a dá lábàá. Tí ó bá wù ọ́ láti farajìn fún ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipọ̀ wọ̀nyí, jọ̀wọ́ [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|késí wa]] nínú irú èdè tí ó bá rọrùn fún ọ.

Láti mọ̀ si nípa iṣẹ́ yìí àti àwọ̀n ìjíròrò míràn tí o nlọ lọ́wọ́, wo [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Àlàkalẹ̀ Gbogboògbọ̀ fún Ìhùwàsí/Àwọ̀n ìjíròrò 2021]].

-- [[User:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SOyeyele (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:37, 5 Oṣù Kẹrin 2021 (UTC)
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== Improving the translation support for Yoruba Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}}!

Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.

[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation Content translation] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with the potential to grow using translation as part of [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Boost a new initiative].


Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch].


Yoruba Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0t%C3%A0k%C3%AC:ContentTranslationStats more than eight hundred and ninety articles]. Given the size of your editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Yoruba Wikipedia and support new ways to translate.


As a first step, during the next weeks, we plan to enable Content translation by default on Yoruba Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Starting through several entry points]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences.


Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread.


Thanks! 

[[Oníṣe:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:UOzurumba (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 09:28, 8 Oṣù Kẹrin 2021 (UTC)

== Line numbering coming soon to all wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

[[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]]
From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. 

More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:09, 12 Oṣù Kẹrin 2021 (UTC)
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== Suggested Values ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:09, 22 Oṣù Kẹrin 2021 (UTC)
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== Invitation for Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021 ==

Hello there,

We are inviting you to participate in '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021]]''', a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2021.

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language WP. We’d be glad for you to reply to this message, or sign up directly at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Participating Communities#Wikimedia affiliate communities|WPWP Participating Communities]].

Please feel free to contact [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Organizing Team|Organizing Team]] if you have any query.

Kind regards,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|Tulsi Bhagat]]&lt;br/&gt;
Communication Manager&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Message delivered by [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 06:24, 2 Oṣù Kàrún 2021 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Ìròyìn Àlàkalẹ̀ Gbogboògbò fún Ìhùwàsí'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Abala àkọ́kọ́, Oṣù kẹ́fà 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|'''Ka ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́ ìròyìn''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
A kí yin káàbọ̀ sí abala àkọ́kọ́ Ìròyìn [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Àlàkalẹ̀ Gbogboògbò fún Ìhùwàsí]]! Ìwé ìròyìn yìí yio ran àwọn ará àjọṣepọ̀ Wikimedia lọ́wọ́ láti mọ àwọn ohun tó nṣẹlẹ̀ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ lórí ìlànà yìí àti bí wọ́n ṣe lè túnbọ̀ kọ́pa nínú ètò náà. A ó tún pín àwọn ìròyìn, ìwádìí, àti àwọn àpèjọ tó jọmọ́ UCoC tó nbọ̀ lọ́nà.

Ẹ jọ̀wọ́ kí è si wípé, èyí ni abala àkọ́kọ́ ìwé-ìròyìn UCoC, tí a fi ránṣẹ́ sí gbogbo àwọn olùfọrúkọ sílẹ̀ àti gbogbo abẹ́-igi iṣẹ́-àkànṣe, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkéde fún ètò ìròyìn yìí. Tí ẹ bá fẹ́ kí a fi àwọn abala tó nbọ̀ ránṣẹ́ sí ojú-ewé ọ̀rọ̀ yin, abẹ́ igi iṣẹ́-àkànṣe yín, tàbí ojú-ewé ké'wé tó tọ̀nà, ẹ fi orúkọ yín tàbí ti ojú-ewé náà [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|kalẹ̀ sí bí]].

E lè ràn wá lọ́wọ́ láti ma túnmọ̀ àwọn abala ìwé-ìròyìn yìí sí èdè ìbílẹ̀ yín, kí a lè pólóngó ìròyìn nípa ìlànà yìí, kí a sì pèsè àbò fún gbogbo wa nínú àjọṣepọ̀ tí gbogbo wa fẹ́ràn yìí. Ẹ jọ̀wọ́ fi orúkọ yín sílẹ̀ [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|níbí]] tí ẹ bá fẹ́ kí a ké sí yín fún ìtumọ̀ àwọn abala ìwé ìròyìn wa, kí a tó tẹ̀ wọ́n jádèe. Ìkópa yín ṣe pàtàkì fún wa.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

* '''Àwọn ìkànsí àti ìjíròrò àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ Wikimedia''' – A fi ìpè ránṣẹ́ sí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ Wikimedia ní oríṣiríṣi ìwọ̀n àti irú àti ìrírí láti kọ́pa nínú àwọn ìjíròrò ati ìkànsí UCoC ní oṣù kẹ́ta títí dé oṣù kẹrìn 2021. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|ka ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́]])
* '''Àwọn ìkànsí àti ìjíròrò gbòógì 2021''' – Wikimedia Foundation ṣ'ètò ìjíròrò àwọn ìbéèrè ìgbófìnró ní oṣù kẹ́rìn àti oṣù káàrún 2021, láti gba èsì kalẹ̀ lórí ìgbófìnró UCoC lát'ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ará àjọṣepọ̀ Wikimedia. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|ka ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́]])
* '''Àwọn ìpàdé ìjíròrò''' – Àwọn olùṣètò UCoC ṣ'ètò ìpàdé ìjíròrò gbangba méjì tí ó wáyé fún ìṣẹ́jú àádọ̀rún ní oṣù káàrún 2021 láti jíròrò lórí àwọn ìbéèrè gbóògì ìgbófìnró fún UCoC. Àwọn ìpàdé míìràn sì tún nbọ̀ lọ́nà. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|ka ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́]])
* '''Ìgbìmọ̀ fún kíkọ ipele ìkejì''' – Ìgbìmọ̀ fún kíkọ ipele ìkejì ti UCoC bẹ̀ẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù káàrún 2021. Kà síbẹ̀ si lórí iṣẹ́ wọn.([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|ka ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́]])
* '''Búlọ́ọ̀gì Diff''' – Àwọn olùṣètò UCoC kọ oríṣiríṣi búlọ́ọ̀gì lórí àwọn àkíyèsí àti èsì tí wọ́n rí gbà lát'ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ará àjọṣepọ̀ ìbílẹ̀ tí wọ́n kàn sí ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ odún 2021. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|ka ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions ==

[[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]]
Dear all,

Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021.

'''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]].

Below are some links to guide you through;
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]]

Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. 

'''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. 

'''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have.  Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]]

Best regards,

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 04:18, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2021 (UTC)

On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Bodhisattwa@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=21597568 --&gt;

== Editing news 2021 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]]

Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]].  The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki.  The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor.

The key results were:

* Newer editors who had automatic (&quot;default on&quot;) access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page.
* The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing.

These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful.

&lt;strong&gt;Looking ahead&lt;/strong&gt;

The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months.  This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias.

The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]].  After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis.

You can turn on &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now.  After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:14, 24 Oṣù Kẹfà 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. &lt;!--

 They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --&gt;

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST,  23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of June 28.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 Oṣù Kẹfà 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' -  Persian language e-books
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik &amp; Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr

Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login!

We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]].

Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]!

--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2021 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2021 (UTC)
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== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:02, 10 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 00:45, 11 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2021 (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 03:04, 11 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2021 (UTC)
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== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Oníṣe:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Dušan Kreheľ|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 23:39, 29 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2021 (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--05:49, 11 Oṣù Kínní 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 04:50, 22 Oṣù Kejì 2022 (UTC)
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== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:39, 28 Oṣù Kejì 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 14:40, 14 Oṣù Kẹta 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 14:29, 26 Oṣù Kẹta 2022 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 Oṣù Kẹrin 2022 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:14, 29 Oṣù Kẹrin 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Editing news 2022 #1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;
[[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]]

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages.  New editors are more successful with this new tool.  You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]].  Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test.  You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 18:55, 2 Oṣù Kàrún 2022 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2022 ==

Dear Wikimedians,

We are glad to inform you that the 2022 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July.

This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and contextual images. 

The campaign will run from July 1 to August  31, 2022 and several communities and Wikimedia Affiliates have already indicated interest to organize the campaign in their localities. Please find your community or community closer to you to participate: [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/Participating Communities|WPWP2022 Campaign: Participating Communities]].

The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles that are lacking them. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this third edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ here on Meta-Wiki]]

For more information, please visit the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]].

Best,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Ammarpad|Ammar A.]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Coordinator&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign 2022.&lt;br /&gt;
17:38, 31 Oṣù Kàrún 2022 (UTC)
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== Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Hi, Greetings

The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced!

We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]'''

Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project.

We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year.

'''Thank you,'''

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:13, 4 Oṣù Keje 2022 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]]
Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.'''

We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022.

It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins.

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Top of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;A section of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
=== About the skin ===

'''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.]

'''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs.

'''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin.

* The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%.
* The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages.
* The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on.
* The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities.

'''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins.

=== How can editors change and customize this skin? ===

It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. 

=== Our plan ===

'''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar.

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Request for more time to discuss the change&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Update on Vector 2022 ==

[[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]].

We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one.

We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Please-translate}}''

{{int:Hello}}

The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually.

We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas!

The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows:
* Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023
* Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023
* Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023
* Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023

If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023!
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 12:59, 13 Oṣù Kejìlá 2022 (UTC)
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== Àyọkà yí kò ní ìtumọ̀ ==
:''Copied from [[Ọ̀rọ̀:12979 Evgalvasilʹev]]''

Mo fi àsìkò yí pe olóòtú àgbà [[Oníṣe:T Cells]] láti gbé ìgbésẹ̀ tí ṣe pàtàkì lórí àwọn àyọkà tí kò ní ìtumọ̀ tí kò sì ní ọ̀nà kan kan tí ó lè gbé ye ni tí [[Oníṣe:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ṣe ń ṣe ìdásilẹ̀ wọn pẹ̀lú bí a ti ń wá bí a ti ń wá ojú ìtú sí ẹgbẹgbérún irú rẹ̀ tí wọ́n wà lórí Wikipedia èdè Yorùbá. [[Oníṣe:Agbalagba|Agbalagba]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Agbalagba|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:53, 12 Oṣù Kejìlá 2022 (UTC)

:{{ping|Agbalagba}} Sorry, I can't write in Yoruba.
:Do you mean that you think these minimal asteroid articles are useless? I agree; on English Wikipedia, if all we wrote in an article was &quot;12979 Evgalvasilʹev is a minor planet in the asteroid belt&quot;, then it would be replaced with a redirect to a list of asteroids. In fact, if you follow the interwiki link of this article to WP-en, you'll see exactly that.
:As for me, all I did was correct the name. (Explanation: the &lt;ʹ&gt; is not an apostrophe [a punctuation mark], but rather the Cyrillic letter &lt;ь&gt;. The international scholarly convention is to render that with &lt;ʹ&gt;.) I could not move the article (this title is forbidden), so I created a new one. 
:Meanwhile there are maybe another 20 articles with the same error. I'll continue working on them, but I have no objection to these and similar articles being converted into redirects. Anyway, my contribution so far is 12 articles, not &quot;thousands&quot;. [[Oníṣe:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Kwamikagami|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:53, 12 Oṣù Kejìlá 2022 (UTC)

I copied the above thread here from [[Ọ̀rọ̀:12979 Evgalvasilʹev]]. My question for the community: should these hundreds, maybe thousands, of stub asteroid articles be consolidated into a list? I agree with Oníṣe:Agbalagba that they are nearly useless, if all they say is &quot;X is an asteroid&quot;.

Another possibility would be to add an info-box template, that would automatically transclude orbital etc. information from Wikidata. That would be more useful than a consolidated list. None of the transcluded information would be in Yoruba, but it would mostly be numbers and metric units, so maybe that wouldn't matter. [[Oníṣe:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Kwamikagami|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:39, 14 Oṣù Kejìlá 2022 (UTC)

== Movement Charter: End of the community consultation round 1 ==
Hi everyone,

On behalf of the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC), we would like to thank everyone who has participated in our first [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation|community wide consultation period]] on the Movement Charter.

People from across the movement shared their feedback and thoughts on the content of the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. If you have not had the chance to share your opinion yet, you are welcome to do so by [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Content/Preamble|giving the drafts a read]] and filling out the '''[https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 anonymous survey]''', which is accessible in 12+ languages. The survey will close on '''January 2, 2023'''. You are invited to continue to share your thoughts with the MCDC via email too: movementcharter@wikimedia.org.

'''What’s next?'''

The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] will publish the final report with a summary of the feedback received in January 2023. It will be shared with the MCDC and the communities via different distribution channels.

After receiving the final report, the MCDC will review the suggestions and communicate the changes by providing an explanation on how and why suggestions were or were not adopted in the next versions of the drafts. There will be additional ways to engage with the Movement Charter content in 2023, including early feedback on a proposed ratification process and new drafts of different chapters in the second quarter of 2023.

We invite you to sign up for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Newsletter|MCDC monthly newsletter]], which will be delivered to the Talk page of your choice. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates|Monthly updates]] are available on Meta to stay updated on the progress of the MCDC.

Interested people can still sign-up to become a [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Movement_Charter_Ambassadors_Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassador]] (MC Ambassador) to support their community. MC Ambassadors Program will restart accepting applications from both individuals and groups ahead of the next round of consultations in the second quarter of 2023.

We thank you for your participation, time, and effort in helping to build the charter for our movement!

''On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee''

[[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:16, 16 Oṣù Kejìlá 2022 (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:24, 24 Oṣù Kejìlá 2022 (UTC)
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&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

== Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct ==
Hello all,

In mid-January 2023, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting/Results|the March 2022 vote]], which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] requested that these areas of concern be reviewed.

The volunteer-led [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee_members|Revisions Committee]] worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself.

The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|here]]''', and a comparison of changes can be found '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Comparison|here]]'''.

'''How to vote?'''

Beginning '''January 17, 2023''', voting will be open. '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|This page on Meta-wiki]]''' outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll.

'''Who can vote?'''

The '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information#Voting_eligibility|eligibility requirements]]''' for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections. See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility. If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server.

'''What happens after the vote?'''

Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, 

[[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 08:52, 10 Oṣù Kínní 2023 (UTC)

== Community feedback cycle about updating the Wikimedia Terms of use starts ==

Hello everyone,

[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is organizing a feedback-cycle with community members to discuss updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use.

[[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Terms_of_Use|The Terms of Use (ToU)]] are the legal terms that govern the use of websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. We will be gathering your feedback on a draft proposal from February through April. The draft will be translated into several languages, with written feedback accepted in any language.

This update comes in response to several things:

* Implementing the Universal Code of Conduct
* Updating project text to the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license
* Proposal for better addressing undisclosed paid editing
* Bringing our terms in line with current and recently passed laws affecting the Foundation, including the European Digital Services Act

As part of the feedback cycle two office hours will be held, the first on March 2, the second on April 4.

For further information, please consult:

* The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|proposed update of the ToU by comparison]]
* The page for your [[metawiki:Talk:Terms_of_use|feedback]]
* Information about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|the office hours]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,

[[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:07, 21 Oṣù Kejì 2023 (UTC)

:Hello @[[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]], thank you for sharing this timely information, this is a good step in the right direction.  We would be engaging the term of use feedback survey and also look forward to having a robust discussion around the focal topics. 
:Thank you.[[Oníṣe:Agbalagba|Agbalagba]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Agbalagba|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:34, 22 Oṣù Kejì 2023 (UTC)
::Hi @[[Oníṣe:Agbalagba|Agbalagba]], I am happy to share. Please don't hesitate to reach out to me in case you have questions or need assistance sharing your feedback in the ongoing feedback cycle, best,[[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 15:12, 1 Oṣù Kẹta 2023 (UTC)

== Editing news 2023 #1 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;

This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work:

# The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it.
# They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]].

&lt;strong&gt;Talk pages project&lt;/strong&gt;
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]]

The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]].

It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new &quot;{{int:skin-action-addsection}}&quot; button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]].

[[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]]

An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site.

&lt;strong&gt;New Project: Edit Check&lt;/strong&gt;

The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click &quot;{{int:publishchanges}}&quot;. The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&amp;nbsp;March&amp;nbsp;2023]] to learn more.&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 Oṣù Kejì 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 21:21, 27 Oṣù Kejì 2023 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reminder: Office hours about updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use ==

: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Legal+department%2F2023+ToU+updates%2FOffice+hours%2FReminder&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Please help translate to your language]

Hello everyone,

This a reminder that the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is hosting [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|office hours]] with community members about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use]].

The office hours will be held today, '''March 2, from 17:00 UTC to 18:30 UTC.''' See for more [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|details here on Meta]].

Another office hours will be held on April 4.

We hereby kindly invite you to participate in the discussion. Please note that this meeting will be held in English language and led by the members of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team, who will take and answer your questions. Facilitators from the Movement Strategy and Governance Team will provide the necessary assistance and other meeting-related services.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,

[[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:00, 2 Oṣù Kẹta 2023 (UTC)

== Wikimania 2023 Awọn ifisilẹ Eto Gbigbawọle ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Ṣé o fẹ́ jẹ́ agbàlejò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹnìkan tàbí lákòókò ètò ìfojúhàn ní Wikimania 2023? Bóyá ìdágbálé ètò ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́, ìfọ̀rọ̀wérọ̀ tó ń móríyá, ìṣèré aláfẹ́ kan, pósítà tí ó fani mọ́ra, tàbí ọ̀rọ̀ ìlanilọ́yẹ mánigbàgbé? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Ààyè ṣí sílẹ̀ fún ìdájọ àwọn èròǹgbà títí di Oṣù Kẹ́ta Ọjọ́ 28''']]. Ayẹyẹ náà yóò ní ìfijì òní-ẹ̀yà méjì, nítorí náà ààyè wà bákan náà fún ìdájọ àwọn ètò ìfojúhàn àti àwọn fọ́nrán ìkásílẹ̀. Tí o bá ní àwọn ìbéèrè kankan, jọ̀wọ́ darapọ̀ mọ́ ìfọ̀rọ̀wérọ̀ wa tí ó bọ̀ lọ́nà ní oṣù ọjọ́ 12 tàbí 19, tàbí ké sí wa nípa lílo ìtàkùn-ìfiránṣẹ́ lórí wikimania@wikimedia.org tàbí lórí ìkànnì Telegram. Ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́ ìròyìn lórí-wiki.&lt;section end=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;
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== Board of Trustees have ratified the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines ==
: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FRevised+enforcement+guidelines%2FAnnouncement+-+Board+ratification&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Please help translate to your language]

Hello all, an important update on the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines:

The vote on the Enforcement Guidelines in January 2023 showed a majority approval of the Enforcement Guidelines. There were 369 comments received and a detailed summary of the comments will be published shortly. Just over three-thousand (3097) voters voted and 76% approved of the Enforcement Guidelines. You can view the '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|vote statistics on Meta-wiki]]'''.

As the support increased, this signifies to the Board that the current version has addressed some of the issues indicated during the last review in 2022. The Board of Trustees voted to ratify the Enforcement Guidelines. The [[foundation:Resolution:Approval_of_Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Enforcement_Guidelines|resolution can be found on Foundation wiki]] and you can read more about the [[wmfblog:2023/03/21/the-enforcement-guidelines-received-strong-support-from-the-community-what-happens-next/|process behind the 2023 Enforcement Guidelines review on Diff.]]

There are some next steps to take with the important recommendations provided by the Enforcement Guidelines. More details will come soon about timelines. Thank you for your interest and participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,

[[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 22:06, 23 Oṣù Kẹta 2023 (UTC)

== Call for early input on the proposed Movement Charter ratification methodology ==

Hello all,

The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) is collecting early input from the Wikimedia movement on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification|proposed methodology for the ratification of the Movement Charter]] from '''April 10 to 28, 2023'''. Ratification of the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]] is planned to take place in early 2024 according to the timeline.

'''There are [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification|six questions]] that the MCDC requests your input on.''' Please share your feedback by:

* Commenting on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement_Charter|Meta talk page]]
* Commenting on the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930 Movement Strategy forum]
* Joining the community conversation hours

'''Conversation hours'''

The MCDC also invites everyone interested in sharing their feedback on the proposed methodology to join the community conversation hours:

* [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Community_conversation_#1:_18_April,_2023_at_10.00_UTC|Community conversation hour #1]]: '''18 April at 10:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1681812036 your local time])
* [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Community_conversation_#2:_24_April_2023_at_17.00_UTC|Community conversation hour #2]]: '''24 April at 17:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682355603 your local time])

The language of conversation hours is English. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation|Please comment]] if you need language support. Please note that language interpretation will be provided if at least 3 people expressed interest to participate in the following languages: Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Russian and Spanish.

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, 

[[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:59, 13 Oṣù Kẹrin 2023 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:42, 21 Oṣù Kẹrin 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello,

As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are:

* Community members in good standing
* Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects
* Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type
* Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023
* Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations
* Confidently able to communicate in English

The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff.

The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:01, 26 Oṣù Kẹrin 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Selection of the U4C Building Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:21, 27 Oṣù Kàrún 2023 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2023 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Dear Wikimedians,
[[File:WPWP_logo_1.png|right|150px|frameless]]
We are glad to inform you that the 2023 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July.

This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and other relevant media files.

If you're interested in participating, please find your community or community closer to you to participate from the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/Participating Communities|Participating Communities]] page. If you're organizer, please add your community or Affiliate to the page.

The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ on Meta-Wiki]]

For more information, please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Kind regards,

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos International Team. 

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 23:25, 7 Oṣù Kẹfà 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Announcing the new Elections Committee members&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello there, 

We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. 

Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 Oṣù Kẹfà 2023 (UTC)
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== MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}!
 
Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language.

The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool.
 
The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà].  This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting &quot;Start with empty paragraph&quot; from the &quot;Initial Translation&quot; dropdown menu.
 
Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page].
 
Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to:
*use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service
*[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''.
 
We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool.
 
Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 22:02, 4 Oṣù Keje 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.
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== Deploying the Phonos in-line audio player to your Wiki ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}!

Apologies if this message is not in your language, {{int:Please-translate}} to your language.

This wiki will soon be able to use the [[mw:Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player]] implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. This is part of fulfilling a wishlist proposal of providing [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Multimedia_and_Commons/Audio_links_that_play_on_click|audio links that play on click]].

With the inline audio player, you can add text-to-speech audio snippets to wiki pages by simply using a tag:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;
&lt;phonos file=&quot;audio file&quot; label=&quot;Listen&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The above tag will show the text next to a speaker icon, and clicking on it will play the audio instantly without taking you to another page. A common example where you can use this feature is in adding pronunciation to words as illustrated on the [[wiktionary:en:English#Pronunciation|English Wiktionary]] below.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;
{{audio|en|En-uk-English.oga|Audio (UK)}}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Could become:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;
&lt;phonos file=&quot;En-uk-English.oga&quot; label=&quot;Audio (UK)&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

The inline audio player will be available in your wiki in 2 weeks time; in the meantime, we would like you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos|read about the features]] and give us feedback or ask questions about it in this [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:Phonos|talk page]].

Thank you!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], on behalf of the Foundation's Language team&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

02:26, 27 Oṣù Keje 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. 

The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward.

Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]].

Best,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:24, 15 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee  ==&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. 

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2023 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all, 

Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]].

Best,

Katie Chan &lt;br&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:13, 17 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: Reference Previews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]]
A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years.  Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]].

Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget.

Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. 

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. 
* Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. 
-- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team,
&lt;section end=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland
&lt;section end=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:32, 13 Oṣù Kejìlá 2023 (UTC)
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== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''

Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.&lt;br&gt; 
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''

The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.

For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.&lt;br&gt;We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? ==

''Apologies for writing in English.''

The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references.

* The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here].
* Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch.
* [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]].
* Sessions will be held in January and February.
* [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.]
* Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment.

We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=25956752 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2024 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 07:26, 18 Oṣù Kínní 2024 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

-- [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 07:26, 18 Oṣù Kínní 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Oṣù Kínní 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Oṣù Kínní 2024 (UTC)
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== A new feature for newcomers: Edit check ==

Hello!

The Editing Team is building a new feature for the visual editor. It is called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check|'''Edit Check''']].

Edit Check is designed to encourage newcomers add citations ''before'' publishing new information to an article.

We already observed that newcomers add more sources with this feature, as they learn this concept through Edit check.

We are looking for communities to test the feature. We plan to deploy this feature to your wiki soon.

Only newcomers will be asked to add citations and sources when they add a new paragraph to an article. Other users will not see it.

If you are interested into testing it, let me know! If you have any question, let me know.

[[Oníṣe:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Trizek (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:48, 9 Oṣù Kejì 2024 (UTC)

:We will deploy this feature on Monday. Let me know if you have any question! :)  [[Oníṣe:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Trizek (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 09:03, 16 Oṣù Kejì 2024 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. 

A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks.

Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:24, 12 Oṣù Kejì 2024 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 Oṣù Kẹta 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
: ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: ''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all,

This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. 

Here are the key planned dates:

*  May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions
*  June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5]
*  June-August 2024: Campaign period
*  End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period
*  October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates
*  Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan.

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]].

Best regards,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group)

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 Oṣù Kẹta 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2024 (UTC)
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== Global ban proposal for Slowking4 ==


Hello. This is to notify the community that there is an ongoing global ban proposal for [[User:Slowking4]] who has been active on this wiki. You are invited to participate at [[metawiki:Requests for comment/Global ban for Slowking4 (2)|m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Slowking4 (2)]]. Thank you. [[Oníṣe:Seawolf35|Seawolf35]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Seawolf35|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 04:57, 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2024 (UTC)

==Page merge==
[[Diospyros blancoi]] and [[Diospyros Blancoi]] are duplicate pages about the same species and should be merged. The correct name format is Diospyros blancoi. Thanks! - [[Oníṣe:MPF|MPF]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MPF|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 00:02, 18 Oṣù Kẹta 2024 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to select members of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 Oṣù Kẹrin 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;Hello all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]].

We look forward to your participation!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 14 Oṣù Kàrún 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

[[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]

Dear community members,

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. 

You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. 

You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language.

On behalf of the CAC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. 

We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** –
* Northern and Western Europe
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]]
* Latin America and Caribbean
** –
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
** —
* Sub-Saharan Africa
** –
* Middle East and North Africa
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]]
* East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP)
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]]
* South Asia
** –

The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]]
* –
* –
* –
* –

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:15, 3 Oṣù Òkúdu 2024 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2024 ==

Dear community members,

We are inviting you to participate in the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024 campaign, a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2024:

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation your language Wikipedia. We’d be glad for you to sign up directly at [[:meta:Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2024/Participating_Communities|WPWP Participating Communities page]] on Meta-Wiki.

Thank you,

[[:w:en:User:Reading Beans|Reading Beans]]  / readthebeans{{@}}gmail.com)&lt;br/&gt;
Project manager and coordinator&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hi everyone,

The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading.

'''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?'''

The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

'''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”'''

Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote.

'''Movement Charter ratification vote'''

Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta.

If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org].

On behalf of the MCDC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:45, 11 Oṣù Òkúdu 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading.

Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]].

After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further.

If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org'''].

On behalf of the CEC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:52, 25 Oṣù Òkúdu 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''.

If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. 

On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:47, 8 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024.

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]].

In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]].

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.  

As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy.

The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: 

'''Individual vote:'''

Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333).

'''Affiliates vote:'''

Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111).

'''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:'''

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].  

With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''.

We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance.

The Charter Electoral Commission,

[[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:52, 18 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 Oṣù Ògún 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 23:20, 22 Oṣù Ògún 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 Oṣù Òwéwe 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:14, 3 Oṣù Òwéwe 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:38, 20 Oṣù Òwéwe 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:56, 27 Oṣù Òwéwe 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,

Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:26, 14 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2024 (UTC)
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== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:13, 29 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2024 (UTC)
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==Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Yoruba Wikipedia==
{{Int:Hello}} Yoruba Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Yoruba Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 20th November 2024.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Oníṣe:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:UOzurumba (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 02:34, 7 Oṣù Bélú 2024 (UTC)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Oṣù Bélú 2024 (UTC)
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== Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! ==

Dear All,

We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. 

This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture.

* Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]]
* When: Jan 19, 2025 
* Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025).
* Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 
* Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]]

To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025.

Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language.

Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all.

Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate.

Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success!

For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2025 (UTC)
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== Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:Hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies, as this message is not written in your native language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia by February 2025 now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations!

The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody!

For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month.

If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: &lt;code&gt;Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt; in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page.

Thank you!

On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]].
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:14, 21 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 02:36, 29 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2025 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 02:36, 29 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:49, 3 Oṣù Èrèlé 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]]
We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''.

This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba.

'''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''.

Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 08:29, 22 Oṣù Èrèlé 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Oṣù Ẹ̀rẹ̀nà 2025 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. 

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:56, 13 Oṣù Ẹ̀rẹ̀nà 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:14, 14 Oṣù Ẹ̀rẹ̀nà 2025 (UTC)
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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Oṣù Igbe 2025 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

16:11, 16 Oṣù Igbe 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 17 Oṣù Igbe 2025 (UTC)
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== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:04, 28 Oṣù Igbe 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Oṣù Igbe 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:07, 15 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 03:08, 28 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:48, 29 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Oṣù Òkúdu 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:44, 17 Oṣù Òkúdu 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Oṣù Òkúdu 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:46, 14 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Oṣù Ògún 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 Oṣù Òwéwe 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 04:48, 9 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Oṣù Bélú 2025 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:43, 28 Oṣù Bélú 2025 (UTC)

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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2026 (UTC)

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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:21, 18 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2026 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2026 (UTC)

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== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:11, 3 Oṣù Igbe 2026 (UTC)

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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 00:58, 26 Oṣù Igbe 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2026 (UTC)

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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|ọ̀rọ̀]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:12, 23 Oṣù Òkúdu 2026 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Oṣù Òkúdu 2026 (UTC)

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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:25, 24 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

* You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}.
* If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

* Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Oṣù Òwéwe 2026 (UTC)

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      <text bytes="5809" sha1="shb6hzjkymygffz7cveipg5e0gdenil" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nikan ni orisha ti o ni agbara lati se oludari Egungun, Babalu Aye ni o gbe agbara yi fun Oya.

== Igbagbo Ati Awon Abuda Re ==
Oya gbe ori ile aye gegebi eniyan ti o wa lati ilu Ira ni ipinle Kwara, Naijiria nibi ti o je iyawo Alaafin ti ilu Oyo, Sango. Ni ile Yoruba, oruko Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni a gbagbo pe o ni agbara lati pa awo da si efon. Efon yi je ami ti a mon Oya mon, eewo si ni fun awon babalawo ti oun sin Oya lati pa Efon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tun mon si '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' eyi ti o tunmo si &quot;iya omo mesan&quot;, nitori pe omo mesan ni Oya bi fun oko keta re ti oun je Oko, leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan.

Ni esin awon Yoruba, Oya se igbeyawo ni igba meta, akoko pelu orisha Ogun, elekeji pelu orisha Sango ati igba keta pelu orisha ise ode ati ise oko-dida ti oun je Oko. Oya je orisha ti won un sin ni apa ile Yoruba ni igba ti isakoso ile Yoruba si wa lowo ijoba Oyo.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ojo Iyasi Mimo: Ojoru

- Awo: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Ami: Iru Efon, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Eewo: elegede

- Ounje: Akara&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Awon Aroso

== Ase Lori Iku ==
Oya ni agbara lori awon oku leyin ti o jo fun Babalu Aye, Babalu Aye fun ni agbara lori awon oku nigba ti o ri pe Oya ni ìgboyà ati aanu. Aroso yi ni o salaye ibasepo ti Oya ni pelu iku.

== Awon Omo mesan Ti Oya Bi ==
Leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan, babalawo gba Oya ni amoran pe ki o gbe ebo ti o ni igbin odo ti o to ẹgbààsán, eran agbo ati awon aso ti o ni orisirisi awo. Oya tele imoran yi, o si bimo mesan. 

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Igbagbo Ati Awon Abuda Re ==
Oya gbe ori ile aye gegebi eniyan ti o wa lati ilu Ira ni ipinle Kwara, Naijiria nibi ti o je iyawo Alaafin ti ilu Oyo, Sango. Ni ile Yoruba, oruko Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni a gbagbo pe o ni agbara lati pa awo da si efon. Efon yi je ami ti a mon Oya mon, eewo si ni fun awon babalawo ti oun sin Oya lati pa Efon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tun mon si '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' eyi ti o tunmo si &quot;iya omo mesan&quot;, nitori pe omo mesan ni Oya bi fun oko keta re ti oun je Oko, leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan.

Ni esin awon Yoruba, Oya se igbeyawo ni igba meta, akoko pelu orisha Ogun, elekeji pelu orisha Sango ati igba keta pelu orisha ise ode ati ise oko-dida ti oun je Oko. Oya je orisha ti won un sin ni apa ile Yoruba ni igba ti isakoso ile Yoruba si wa lowo ijoba Oyo.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ojo Iyasi Mimo: Ojoru

- Awo: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Ami: Iru Efon, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Eewo: elegede

- Ounje: Akara&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Awon Aroso

== Ase Lori Iku ==
Oya ni agbara lori awon oku leyin ti o jo fun Babalu Aye, Babalu Aye fun ni agbara lori awon oku nigba ti o ri pe Oya ni ìgboyà ati aanu. Aroso yi ni o salaye ibasepo ti Oya ni pelu iku.

== Awon Omo mesan Ti Oya Bi ==
Leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan, babalawo gba Oya ni amoran pe ki o gbe ebo ti o ni igbin odo ti o to ẹgbààsán, eran agbo ati awon aso ti o ni orisirisi awo. Oya tele imoran yi, o si bimo mesan. 

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5829" sha1="evx60bh17b1yc5g9ij69z88qv2zy942" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Igbagbo Ati Awon Abuda Re ==
Oya gbe ori ile aye gegebi eniyan ti o wa lati ilu Ira ni ipinle Kwara, Naijiria nibi ti o je iyawo Alaafin ti ilu Oyo, Sango. Ni ile Yoruba, oruko Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni a gbagbo pe o ni agbara lati pa awo da si efon. Efon yi je ami ti a mon Oya mon, eewo si ni fun awon babalawo ti oun sin Oya lati pa Efon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tun mon si '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' eyi ti o tunmo si &quot;iya omo mesan&quot;, nitori pe omo mesan ni Oya bi fun oko keta re ti oun je Oko, leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan.

Ni esin awon Yoruba, Oya se igbeyawo ni igba meta, akoko pelu orisha Ogun, elekeji pelu orisha Sango ati igba keta pelu orisha ise ode ati ise oko-dida ti oun je Oko. Oya je orisha ti won un sin ni apa ile Yoruba ni igba ti isakoso ile Yoruba si wa lowo ijoba Oyo.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ojo Iyasi Mimo: Ojoru

- Awo: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Ami: Iru Efon, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Eewo: elegede

- Ounje: Akara&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Awon Aroso

== Ase Lori Iku ==
Oya ni agbara lori awon oku leyin ti o jo fun Babalu Aye, Babalu Aye fun ni agbara lori awon oku nigba ti o ri pe Oya ni ìgboyà ati aanu. Aroso yi ni o salaye ibasepo ti Oya ni pelu iku.

== Awon Omo mesan Ti Oya Bi ==
Leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan, babalawo gba Oya ni amoran pe ki o gbe ebo ti o ni igbin odo ti o to ẹgbààsán, eran agbo ati awon aso ti o ni orisirisi awo. Oya tele imoran yi, o si bimo mesan. 

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Igbagbo Ati Awon Abuda Re */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5912" sha1="m6vnbcldq5u4x87ripkyhlu0zlduk2f" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni a gbagbo pe o ni agbara lati pa awo da si efon. Efon yi je ami ti a mon Oya mon, eewo si ni fun awon babalawo ti oun sin Oya lati pa Efon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tun mon si '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' eyi ti o tunmo si &quot;iya omo mesan&quot;, nitori pe omo mesan ni Oya bi fun oko keta re ti oun je Oko, leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan.

Ni esin awon Yoruba, Oya se igbeyawo ni igba meta, akoko pelu orisha Ogun, elekeji pelu orisha Sango ati igba keta pelu orisha ise ode ati ise oko-dida ti oun je Oko. Oya je orisha ti won un sin ni apa ile Yoruba ni igba ti isakoso ile Yoruba si wa lowo ijoba Oyo.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ojo Iyasi Mimo: Ojoru

- Awo: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Ami: Iru Efon, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Eewo: elegede

- Ounje: Akara&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Awon Aroso

== Ase Lori Iku ==
Oya ni agbara lori awon oku leyin ti o jo fun Babalu Aye, Babalu Aye fun ni agbara lori awon oku nigba ti o ri pe Oya ni ìgboyà ati aanu. Aroso yi ni o salaye ibasepo ti Oya ni pelu iku.

== Awon Omo mesan Ti Oya Bi ==
Leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan, babalawo gba Oya ni amoran pe ki o gbe ebo ti o ni igbin odo ti o to ẹgbààsán, eran agbo ati awon aso ti o ni orisirisi awo. Oya tele imoran yi, o si bimo mesan. 

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ */</comment>
      <origin>636722</origin>
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      <text bytes="6040" sha1="eskblt3yjn2yeuy6czi6oqlc5xzonr7" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo mesan&quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Ni esin awon Yoruba, Oya se igbeyawo ni igba meta, akoko pelu orisha Ogun, elekeji pelu orisha Sango ati igba keta pelu orisha ise ode ati ise oko-dida ti oun je Oko. Oya je orisha ti won un sin ni apa ile Yoruba ni igba ti isakoso ile Yoruba si wa lowo ijoba Oyo.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ojo Iyasi Mimo: Ojoru

- Awo: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Ami: Iru Efon, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Eewo: elegede

- Ounje: Akara&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Awon Aroso

== Ase Lori Iku ==
Oya ni agbara lori awon oku leyin ti o jo fun Babalu Aye, Babalu Aye fun ni agbara lori awon oku nigba ti o ri pe Oya ni ìgboyà ati aanu. Aroso yi ni o salaye ibasepo ti Oya ni pelu iku.

== Awon Omo mesan Ti Oya Bi ==
Leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan, babalawo gba Oya ni amoran pe ki o gbe ebo ti o ni igbin odo ti o to ẹgbààsán, eran agbo ati awon aso ti o ni orisirisi awo. Oya tele imoran yi, o si bimo mesan. 

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6195" sha1="3602fuxkba8h86bgrmp1xxn8c43l8cw" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo mesan&quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ojo Iyasi Mimo: Ojoru

- Awo: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Ami: Iru Efon, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Eewo: elegede

- Ounje: Akara&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Awon Aroso

== Ase Lori Iku ==
Oya ni agbara lori awon oku leyin ti o jo fun Babalu Aye, Babalu Aye fun ni agbara lori awon oku nigba ti o ri pe Oya ni ìgboyà ati aanu. Aroso yi ni o salaye ibasepo ti Oya ni pelu iku.

== Awon Omo mesan Ti Oya Bi ==
Leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan, babalawo gba Oya ni amoran pe ki o gbe ebo ti o ni igbin odo ti o to ẹgbààsán, eran agbo ati awon aso ti o ni orisirisi awo. Oya tele imoran yi, o si bimo mesan. 

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="6247" sha1="gqjfua3efmege4ujpts4vo4cvx58uh2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo mesan&quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Ase Lori Iku ==
Oya ni agbara lori awon oku leyin ti o jo fun Babalu Aye, Babalu Aye fun ni agbara lori awon oku nigba ti o ri pe Oya ni ìgboyà ati aanu. Aroso yi ni o salaye ibasepo ti Oya ni pelu iku.

== Awon Omo mesan Ti Oya Bi ==
Leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan, babalawo gba Oya ni amoran pe ki o gbe ebo ti o ni igbin odo ti o to ẹgbààsán, eran agbo ati awon aso ti o ni orisirisi awo. Oya tele imoran yi, o si bimo mesan. 

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
      <sha1>gqjfua3efmege4ujpts4vo4cvx58uh2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>636728</id>
      <parentid>636725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T13:12:40Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ase Lori Iku */</comment>
      <origin>636728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6319" sha1="d5m72eh2rssff6r6duuczcsufdpb038" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo mesan&quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Awon Omo mesan Ti Oya Bi ==
Leyin opolopo odun gegebi agan, babalawo gba Oya ni amoran pe ki o gbe ebo ti o ni igbin odo ti o to ẹgbààsán, eran agbo ati awon aso ti o ni orisirisi awo. Oya tele imoran yi, o si bimo mesan. 

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6416" sha1="hhgcf02ehulh6urvqoj6s4lnt9vmsns" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo mesan&quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹsan.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>636730</id>
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        <id>31612</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6423" sha1="8uqyi60k4i1i8w7azgblrilo4ofs2lf" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo mesan&quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹ́sán-án.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6418" sha1="nw3t80v379ts64lw28d08zabp8fx4h2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo &quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹ́sán-án.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Itan kan so wipe Oya siwaju awon egbe obinrin kan lati rubo ninu igbo nipa lilo obo lati seruba awon okunrin. Leyin ti Ogun mon asiri yi, awon okunrin gba egbe nan pada sugbon won gba Oya gegebi bi oludasile egbe nan, won si un pe Oya ni Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <comment>/* Irubo ati Egbe Egungun */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6525" sha1="kz9w820c65ppg2ni65mjgwcgpsijsnr" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo &quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹ́sán-án.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Ìtàn kan so wípé Oya síwájú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ obìnrin kan láti rúbọ nínú igbó nípa lílo ọ̀bọ láti sèrùbà àwọn ọkùnrin. Lẹ́yìn tí Ògún mon àṣírí yí, àwọn ọkùnrin gba ẹgbẹ́ nan padà ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n gba Oya gẹ́gẹ́bi olùdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà, wọ́n sì ún pe Oya ní Oyá Igbalé.

== Onan Ipase Oya ==
A ni igbagbo pe Oya le han ni onan mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

eeji: Oya Dumí

eeta: Oya De

eerin: Oya Bumi

aarun: Oya Nira

eefa: Oya Igbalé

eeje: Oya Niké

eejo: Oya Tolá

eesan: Oya Dira

eewa: Oya Funké

ookanla: Oya Iya Efon

eejila: Oya Afefere

eetala: Oya Yansá Mimú

eerinla: Oya Obinídodo

Eedogun: Oya Yansa Duma

Eerindinlogun: Oya Yansa Doco

Eetadinlogun: Oya Tombowa

Eejidinlogun: Oya Ayawá

Ookandinlogun: Oya Tapa

Ogun: Oya Tomboro

Ookanlelogun: Oya Yansa Odó

Eejilelogun: Oya Yansá Orirí

Eetalelogun: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
      </contributor>
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      <origin>636736</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6630" sha1="g4dcofwdv3ka1or791i5kv876emuvf8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo &quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹ́sán-án.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Ìtàn kan so wípé Oya síwájú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ obìnrin kan láti rúbọ nínú igbó nípa lílo ọ̀bọ láti sèrùbà àwọn ọkùnrin. Lẹ́yìn tí Ògún mon àṣírí yí, àwọn ọkùnrin gba ẹgbẹ́ nan padà ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n gba Oya gẹ́gẹ́bi olùdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà, wọ́n sì ún pe Oya ní Oyá Igbalé.

== Ònà Ìpasẹ̀ Oya ==
A ní ìgbàgbọ́ pé Oya le hàn ní ọ̀nà mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

Ééjì: Oya Dumí

Èèta: Oya Dé

Èèrin: Oya Bumi

Ààrún: Oya Nira

Èèfà: Oya Igbalé

Èèje: Oya Niké

Èèjo: Oya Tolá

Èèsán: Oya Dira

Èèwá: Oya Funké

Óókànlá: Oya Iya Efon

Ééjìlá: Oya Afefere

Éétàlá: Oya Yansá Mimú

Éérìnlá: Oya Obinídodo

Éèdògún: Oya Yansa Duma

Éérìndínlógún: Oya Yansa Doco

Éétàdínlógún: Oya Tombowa

Ééjìdínlógún: Oya Ayawá

Oókandínlógún : Oya Tapa

Ogún: Oya Tomboro

Oókanlélógún : Oya Yansa Odó

Ééjìlélógún: Oya Yansá Orirí

Éétàlélógún: Oya Bomi

== Candomble ==
Ninu Candomble, won mon Oya si Iansa tabi Iya Mesan tabi Iana ti o jeyo ninu ede Yoruba ''Yánsán''. Won mon Oya si jagun jagun ti o gboya, olori odo [[Niger and iya omo mesan, Iansa loun se isakoso lori awon ohun aramada ti yi awon oku ka. Oriki orisha yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>636740</id>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="6706" sha1="3mxz9kmxueu3zsg6tz8hao0snywxv01" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo &quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹ́sán-án.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Ìtàn kan so wípé Oya síwájú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ obìnrin kan láti rúbọ nínú igbó nípa lílo ọ̀bọ láti sèrùbà àwọn ọkùnrin. Lẹ́yìn tí Ògún mon àṣírí yí, àwọn ọkùnrin gba ẹgbẹ́ nan padà ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n gba Oya gẹ́gẹ́bi olùdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà, wọ́n sì ún pe Oya ní Oyá Igbalé.

== Ònà Ìpasẹ̀ Oya ==
A ní ìgbàgbọ́ pé Oya le hàn ní ọ̀nà mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

Ééjì: Oya Dumí

Èèta: Oya Dé

Èèrin: Oya Bumi

Ààrún: Oya Nira

Èèfà: Oya Igbalé

Èèje: Oya Niké

Èèjo: Oya Tolá

Èèsán: Oya Dira

Èèwá: Oya Funké

Óókànlá: Oya Iya Efon

Ééjìlá: Oya Afefere

Éétàlá: Oya Yansá Mimú

Éérìnlá: Oya Obinídodo

Éèdògún: Oya Yansa Duma

Éérìndínlógún: Oya Yansa Doco

Éétàdínlógún: Oya Tombowa

Ééjìdínlógún: Oya Ayawá

Oókandínlógún : Oya Tapa

Ogún: Oya Tomboro

Oókanlélógún : Oya Yansa Odó

Ééjìlélógún: Oya Yansá Orirí

Éétàlélógún: Oya Bomi

== Ninu Ẹ̀sìn Candomble ==
Ninu ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́ Candomble, wọ́n mon Oya sí Iansa tàbí Ìyá  tabi Iana ti o' jey'  í óu ede Yínúbèdè''ánsá''ùbáW'on mon'  Oyọ́ si jagun jagun ti-o gbóyà, olori odo [[Niger àti iya omo , Iansa loun se Ìṣàkóso lórí àwọn ohun aramada tí ó yi awon oku ka. Oriki òrìṣà yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, ni esin Yoruba ni oun se isakoso lori afefe, iji ati mona-mona. Oun nan si ni olori odo Niger ati iya omo mesan. Jagun-jagun ti ko se bori ni pelu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
      <sha1>3mxz9kmxueu3zsg6tz8hao0snywxv01</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>636754</id>
      <parentid>636740</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T14:33:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ninu Ẹ̀sìn Candomble */</comment>
      <origin>636754</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6796" sha1="r7ee16u1poo79tl4vcq5vc4arudmfmy" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo &quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹ́sán-án.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Ìtàn kan so wípé Oya síwájú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ obìnrin kan láti rúbọ nínú igbó nípa lílo ọ̀bọ láti sèrùbà àwọn ọkùnrin. Lẹ́yìn tí Ògún mon àṣírí yí, àwọn ọkùnrin gba ẹgbẹ́ nan padà ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n gba Oya gẹ́gẹ́bi olùdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà, wọ́n sì ún pe Oya ní Oyá Igbalé.

== Ònà Ìpasẹ̀ Oya ==
A ní ìgbàgbọ́ pé Oya le hàn ní ọ̀nà mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

Ééjì: Oya Dumí

Èèta: Oya Dé

Èèrin: Oya Bumi

Ààrún: Oya Nira

Èèfà: Oya Igbalé

Èèje: Oya Niké

Èèjo: Oya Tolá

Èèsán: Oya Dira

Èèwá: Oya Funké

Óókànlá: Oya Iya Efon

Ééjìlá: Oya Afefere

Éétàlá: Oya Yansá Mimú

Éérìnlá: Oya Obinídodo

Éèdògún: Oya Yansa Duma

Éérìndínlógún: Oya Yansa Doco

Éétàdínlógún: Oya Tombowa

Ééjìdínlógún: Oya Ayawá

Oókandínlógún : Oya Tapa

Ogún: Oya Tomboro

Oókanlélógún : Oya Yansa Odó

Ééjìlélógún: Oya Yansá Orirí

Éétàlélógún: Oya Bomi

== Ninu Ẹ̀sìn Candomble ==
Ninu ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́ Candomble, wọ́n mon Oya sí Iansa tàbí Ìyá  tabi Iana ti o' jey'  í óu ede Yínúbèdè''ánsá''ùbáW'on mon'  Oyọ́ si jagun jagun ti-o gbóyà, olori odo [[Niger àti iya omo , Iansa loun se Ìṣàkóso lórí àwọn ohun aramada tí ó yi awon oku ka. Oriki òrìṣà yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, nínú ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́ àwọn Yorùbá, òun ni òùn se ìṣàkóso lórí afẹ́fẹ́, ìjì àti mònà-móná. Oun náà sì ni olórí odò Niger àti ìyá omo mẹ́sàn-án. Jagun-jagun tí kò sé borí ni pẹ̀lú.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Akara (acarajé), igba ati bee bee lo. Acarajé, je oun etutu ati ounje ti won un je ni Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6815" sha1="an2whzi2z9q0hovxv33ydqd5dzu36n9" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo &quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹ́sán-án.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Ìtàn kan so wípé Oya síwájú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ obìnrin kan láti rúbọ nínú igbó nípa lílo ọ̀bọ láti sèrùbà àwọn ọkùnrin. Lẹ́yìn tí Ògún mon àṣírí yí, àwọn ọkùnrin gba ẹgbẹ́ nan padà ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n gba Oya gẹ́gẹ́bi olùdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà, wọ́n sì ún pe Oya ní Oyá Igbalé.

== Ònà Ìpasẹ̀ Oya ==
A ní ìgbàgbọ́ pé Oya le hàn ní ọ̀nà mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

Ééjì: Oya Dumí

Èèta: Oya Dé

Èèrin: Oya Bumi

Ààrún: Oya Nira

Èèfà: Oya Igbalé

Èèje: Oya Niké

Èèjo: Oya Tolá

Èèsán: Oya Dira

Èèwá: Oya Funké

Óókànlá: Oya Iya Efon

Ééjìlá: Oya Afefere

Éétàlá: Oya Yansá Mimú

Éérìnlá: Oya Obinídodo

Éèdògún: Oya Yansa Duma

Éérìndínlógún: Oya Yansa Doco

Éétàdínlógún: Oya Tombowa

Ééjìdínlógún: Oya Ayawá

Oókandínlógún : Oya Tapa

Ogún: Oya Tomboro

Oókanlélógún : Oya Yansa Odó

Ééjìlélógún: Oya Yansá Orirí

Éétàlélógún: Oya Bomi

== Ninu Ẹ̀sìn Candomble ==
Ninu ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́ Candomble, wọ́n mon Oya sí Iansa tàbí Ìyá  tabi Iana ti o' jey'  í óu ede Yínúbèdè''ánsá''ùbáW'on mon'  Oyọ́ si jagun jagun ti-o gbóyà, olori odo [[Niger àti iya omo , Iansa loun se Ìṣàkóso lórí àwọn ohun aramada tí ó yi awon oku ka. Oriki òrìṣà yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, nínú ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́ àwọn Yorùbá, òun ni òùn se ìṣàkóso lórí afẹ́fẹ́, ìjì àti mònà-móná. Oun náà sì ni olórí odò Niger àti ìyá omo mẹ́sàn-án. Jagun-jagun tí kò sé borí ni pẹ̀lú.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Àkàrà (acarajé), ìgbá àti bee bee lo. Acarajé, jẹ́ oun ètùtù àti oúnjẹ tí won un je ní Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mona-mona, ida ati irukere ni awon ami Oya. Oya ma un wo aso ti o ni orisirisi awo ati wipe Oya ma un gbe awon nkan elo etutu ti a se lati ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. */</comment>
      <origin>636756</origin>
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      <text bytes="6860" sha1="3torifpm29n47pgdeq03xgjps8etqro" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Oya oriri in Oya grove 03.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán ère òrìṣà Ọya nínú igbó Ọya ní ìlú Irra]]

'''Ọya''' tí a tún le pè ní Oia, Yansan-an, Yansa, Iyamsa tabi Iansa) jé òkan nínú àwọn òrìṣà-bìnrin  ní ilé [[Esin Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà ìjì, mònà-móná àti afẹ́fẹ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Adeoye|first1=C. L.|last2=Adeoye|first2=C. L.|title=Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá by C. L. Adeoye|website=Open Library|date=2024-07-18|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4575329W/I%CC%80gba%CC%80gbo%CC%A3%CC%81_a%CC%80ti_e%CC%A3%CC%80si%CC%80n_Yoru%CC%80ba%CC%81|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dílógún : Brazilian tales of Yorùba divination discovered in Bahia / by Pierre Verger ; translated, edited and annotated by Willfried F. Feuser and José Marianno Carneiro da Cunha ; introduction by Willfried F. Feuser|website=Smithsonian Institution|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_428966|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya nìkan ni òrìṣà tí ó ní agbára láti ṣe olùdarí Egúngún, Babalú-Ayé ni ó sì gbé agbára yí fún Oya.

== Ìgbàgbọ́ Àti Àwọn Àbùdá Rẹ̀ ==
Oya gbé orí ilé ayé gẹ́gẹ́bí ènìyàn tí ó wá láti ìlú Irrá ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ìyàwó Aláàfin ti ìlú Ọ̀yọ́, Sango. Ní ilè Yoruba, orúkọ Oya je oruko ti a gbagbo pe o je yo lati inun oro &quot;o ya&quot; ti o tunmo si &quot;ikan ti a faya&quot;, eyi si un se atokasi ibasepo re pelu iji lile. Oya ni à gbàgbó pé ó ní agbára láti pa àwò dà sí ẹfọ̀n. Ẹfọ̀n yi je àmì tí a mon Oya mòn, èèwọ̀ sì ni fún àwọn babaláwo tí óún sin Oya láti pa Ẹfọ̀n.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Machacek|first1=David W.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Melissa M.|title=Sexuality and the World's Religions|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|date=2003-08-13|isbn=978-1-57607-359-9|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=p52Envn3rLkC&amp;q=%2522oya+means%2522+yoruba&amp;pg=PA8&amp;redir_esc=y|access-date=2025-11-10|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oya ni a tún mòn sí '''Ọya Ìyáńsàn-án,''' èyí tí o tún mọ̀ sí &quot;ìyá omo &quot;, nítorí pé omo mẹ́sàn-án ni Oya bí fún ọkọ Kèta rẹ̀ tí òún jẹ́ Oko, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn. 

Nínú ẹ̀sìn àwọn Yoruba, Oya ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ìgbà mẹ́ta, àkọ́kọ́ pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Ògún, eléèkejì Pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Sango àti ìgbà Kèta pẹ̀lú òrìṣà Iṣẹ́ ode àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ-dídá ti òún jẹ́ Ọkọ. Oya jẹ́ òrìṣà tí wọ́n ún sin ní apá ilẹ̀ Yoruba ní ìgbà tí ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ Yorùbá si wà lọ́wọ́ ìjọba Ọ̀yọ́.
[[Fáìlì:Iansã.jpg|thumb|Àwòrán ère òrìsà Oya ni Catacumba Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
== Awon Abuda Re ==
- Kiki: &quot;Eeparrei!&quot;, tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;

- Ọjọ́ Ìyàsí Mímọ́: Ojórú

- Àwò: Pupa, Eseedu, Pupadu ati òṣùmàrè

- Àmì: Ìrù Ẹfọ̀n, eruguere{nkan etutu}

- Èèwọ̀: elégédé

- Oúnjẹ: Àkàrà &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OYA (Yansa): Who is it? Characteristics, History, pataki and more|website=OshaeIfa.com|date=2021-06-04|url=https://en.oshaeifa.com/orisha/oya/|access-date=2025-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Àròsọ 

== Àṣẹ Lórí Ikú ==
Oya ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú lẹ́yìn tí ó jó fún Babalú-Ayé, Babalú-Ayé fún ní agbára lórí àwọn òkú nígbà tí ó ri pé Oya ní ìgboyà àti àánú. Àròsọ yí ni ó ṣàlàyé ìbásepò  ti Oya ní pẹ̀lú ikú.

== Àwọn Omo Mesan Tí Oya Bí ==
Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún gẹ́gẹ́bi àgàn, babaláwo gba Oya ní ìmọ̀ràn pé kí ó gbé ebo tí ó ní ìgbín odo tí ó tó ẹgbààsán, eran àgbò àti àwọn aso tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò. Oya tẹ́lẹ̀ ìmọ̀ràn yí, ó sì bímọ mẹ́sán-án.  

== Irubo ati Egbe Egungun ==
Ìtàn kan so wípé Oya síwájú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ obìnrin kan láti rúbọ nínú igbó nípa lílo ọ̀bọ láti sèrùbà àwọn ọkùnrin. Lẹ́yìn tí Ògún mon àṣírí yí, àwọn ọkùnrin gba ẹgbẹ́ nan padà ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n gba Oya gẹ́gẹ́bi olùdásílẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà, wọ́n sì ún pe Oya ní Oyá Igbalé.

== Ònà Ìpasẹ̀ Oya ==
A ní ìgbàgbọ́ pé Oya le hàn ní ọ̀nà mẹ́tàlélógún:

ọ̀kan/ení: Oya Yansa Bí Funkó

Ééjì: Oya Dumí

Èèta: Oya Dé

Èèrin: Oya Bumi

Ààrún: Oya Nira

Èèfà: Oya Igbalé

Èèje: Oya Niké

Èèjo: Oya Tolá

Èèsán: Oya Dira

Èèwá: Oya Funké

Óókànlá: Oya Iya Efon

Ééjìlá: Oya Afefere

Éétàlá: Oya Yansá Mimú

Éérìnlá: Oya Obinídodo

Éèdògún: Oya Yansa Duma

Éérìndínlógún: Oya Yansa Doco

Éétàdínlógún: Oya Tombowa

Ééjìdínlógún: Oya Ayawá

Oókandínlógún : Oya Tapa

Ogún: Oya Tomboro

Oókanlélógún : Oya Yansa Odó

Ééjìlélógún: Oya Yansá Orirí

Éétàlélógún: Oya Bomi

== Ninu Ẹ̀sìn Candomble ==
Ninu ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́ Candomble, wọ́n mon Oya sí Iansa tàbí Ìyá  tabi Iana ti o' jey'  í óu ede Yínúbèdè''ánsá''ùbáW'on mon'  Oyọ́ si jagun jagun ti-o gbóyà, olori odo [[Niger àti iya omo , Iansa loun se Ìṣàkóso lórí àwọn ohun aramada tí ó yi awon oku ka. Oriki òrìṣà yi ni &quot;Eeparrei!&quot; tabi &quot;Epahhey, Oia!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research Catalog|website=Subject Heading|date=2025-11-10|url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/96216a34-7e2e-4aa0-8996-c8eff50e0285?label=Sorcellerie%20--%20Bre%CC%81sil|access-date=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iansã, nínú ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́ àwọn Yorùbá, òun ni òùn se ìṣàkóso lórí afẹ́fẹ́, ìjì àti mònà-móná. Oun náà sì ni olórí odò Niger àti ìyá omo mẹ́sàn-án. Jagun-jagun tí kò sé borí ni pẹ̀lú.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Chasteen|first=John Charles|title=Let's Makes Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popular Music. By Clarence Bernard Henry. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008. Pp. xiii, 234. Illustrations. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.|journal=The Americas|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|volume=66|issue=1|year=2009|issn=0003-1615|doi=10.1353/tam.0.0154|pages=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ounje Etutu. ==
Oun ebo ni Àkàrà (acarajé), ìgbá àti bee bee lo. Acarajé, jẹ́ oun ètùtù àti oúnjẹ tí won un je ní Bahia, Brazil.

== Awon Ami ati Ohun Elo. ==
Mònà-móná, idà àti ìrùkèrè ni àwọn àmì Oya. Oya ma ún wo aṣọ tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti wípé Oya ma un gbe àwọn ǹkan èlò ètùtù tí a se láti ara irin

== Awon Itokasi ==


{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
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{{Awon orisa Yoruba}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Yorùbá]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Òrìṣà]]</text>
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    <title>Kim Yong-nam</title>
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== Itokasi ==
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[[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbésíayé]]</text>
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      <comment>Mo tún ojúewé yìí ṣẹ̀dá</comment>
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      <text bytes="8819" sha1="kxx2391qtjsppsv63nox4porit1mds3" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|English actor (born 1933)}}{{Use British English|date=March 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}{{Infobox actor|honorific_prefix=[[Sir]]|name=Michael Caine|honorific_suffix={{postnom|country=GBR|size=100|CBE}}|image=Michael Caine - Viennale 2012 g (cropped).jpg|caption=Caine ní ọdún 2012|birth_name=Maurice Joseph Micklewhite|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1933|3|14}}|birth_place=London, England|occupation=Òṣèré|years_active=1950–2023&lt;ref name=&quot;outofretirement&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |issn=0957-4948 |last=King |first=Jordan |date=8 September 2025 |title=Michael Caine To Come Out Of Retirement, Aged 92, For Vin Diesel's The Last Witch Hunter 2 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/michael-caine-to-come-out-of-retirement-aged-92-for-vin-diesels-the-last-witch-hunter-2/ |magazine=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=13 October 2023 |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- Do NOT add 2025. Only add a year once it is confirmed that the filming has begun/it's in production. --&gt;|works=[[Michael Caine filmography|Filmography]]|spouse={{unbulleted list
  | {{marriage|[[Patricia Haines]]|1954|1958|end=divorced}}
  | {{marriage|[[Shakira Baksh]]|8 January 1973}}
  }}|children=Méjì|relatives=[[Stanley Caine]] (brother)|awards=[[List of awards and nominations received by Michael Caine|Full list]]
{{Infobox military person
  |embed         = yes
  |embed_title   = Military Service
  |allegiance    = [[United Kingdom]]
  |branch        = [[British Army]]
  |service_years = 1951–1953
  |unit          = [[Royal Fusiliers|C Company, 1st Royal Fusiliers]]
  |rank          = Private
  |battles       = [[Korean War]]
  |awards        = {{ubl|[[Korea Medal]] | [[United Nations Service Medal Korea|UN Korea Medal]]}}
}}|website={{URL|michaelcaine.com}}|module={{listen |embed=yes |filename=Michael_Caine_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_29_Sept_2010_b00tyv8c.flac |title=Michael Caine's voice |type=speech |description=from the BBC programme ''[[Front Row (radio programme)|Front Row Interviews]]'', 29 September 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;FR radio4&quot;&gt;{{cite episode |title=Michael Caine |series=Front Row |department=Interviews |series-link=Front Row (radio programme) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00tyv8c |station=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=29 September 2010 |access-date=18 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}|signature=Michael Caine Signature.png}}'''Sir Michael Caine''' (wọ́n bi ní '''Maurice Joseph Micklewhite'''; ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹta, ọdún 1933) jẹ́ òṣèré ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tó sì ti fẹ̀yìn tì.&lt;ref name=&quot;mcintosh bbc&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=McIntosh|first=Steven|date=13 October 2023|title=Michael Caine confirms retirement from acting after ''The Great Escaper''|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67099084|access-date=13 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó jẹ́ ẹni mímọ̀ fún ìlò ẹ̀ka-èdè Cockney rẹ̀,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Reed|first1=Rex|title=Michael Caine's 'Best Sellers' Has Something to Say About the Death of Literacy, If You Can Manage to Stay Awake|url=https://observer.com/2021/09/michael-caines-best-sellers-has-something-to-say-about-the-death-of-literacy-if-you-can-manage-to-stay-awake/|work=[[The Observer]]|date=16 September 2021|language=en|access-date=20 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; fún ọdún ọgọ́rin tí ó fi ṣeré, ó ti hàn nínú àwọn eré tó lé ní òjìlélọ́gọ́rùndínẹ̀wá iye, ó sì tún jẹ́ mímọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ẹlẹ́yẹ àṣà ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/michael-caine-retiring-best-sellers-b1939591.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/michael-caine-retiring-best-sellers-b1939591.html|archive-date=12 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Michael Caine 'not retiring' despite saying Best Sellers was his 'last part'|work=[[The Independent]]|first=Roisin|last=O'Connor|date=16 October 2021|access-date=13 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/arts-and-culture/sir-michael-caine-story-british-film-icon-558117|title=Sir Michael Caine – story of a British film icon|work=[[The Yorkshire Post]]|first=Hannah|last=Stephenson|date=18 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tí ó pẹ̀lú [[Academy Awards]] méjì, BAFTA Award kan, [[Golden Globe Awards]] mẹ́ta, àtiScreen Actors Guild Award kan. Ní ọdún 2017, àwọn eré tí Caine ti jẹyọ ti ní àkójọ bílíọ́nù $7.8 láàgbáyé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/person/22680401-Michael-Caine#tab=summary=acting|title=Michael Caine – Box Office Data Movie Star|website=The-numbers.com|access-date=20 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caine jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn òṣèré ọkùnrin márùn-ún ṣoṣo tí wọ́n di yíyàn fún Academy Award nípasẹ̀ eré ṣíṣe ní ẹ̀marùn-ún ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ láàdọ́ta ọdún.{{efn|The others are [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Paul Newman]], [[Jack Nicholson]] and [[Denzel Washington]].}} Ní ọdún 2000, ó gba BAFTA Fellowship ó sì tún gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ &quot;Sir&quot; tí [[Queen Elizabeth II]] bù fún un.

Ó sábà máa ń jẹyọ nínú àwọn eré gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ẹlẹ́ka èdè apá ìlà-oòrùn London, Caine tayọ ni 1960s nípasẹ̀ ìjẹyọ rẹ̀ nínú àwọn eré ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì bí i ''Zulu'' (1964), ''The Ipcress File'' (1965), ''The Italian Job'' (1969), àti ''Battle of Britain'' (1969). Lásìkò yìí, ó ti fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ lọ́nà tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ wíwọ ìgò-ojú tó ki pẹ̀lú ẹ̀wù súútù tó yanrantí àti ìlànà ìgbọ́rọ̀kalẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́nà tó lọ tààrà; ó di mímọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ìrísí rẹ̀ gún régé ní 1960s.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Classic film of the week: ''The Ipcress File'' (1965)|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/classic-film-of-the-week-the-ipcress-file-1965-386gnbsqgz5|access-date=17 June 2022|work=[[The Times]]|quote=Michael Caine is the epitome of Sixties cool in his first outing as the secret agent Harry Palmer. His cockney smarts, his horn-rimmed glasses}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Style Heroes: 1960s Michael Caine|url=https://therake.com/stories/style/michael-caine-1960s-style-hero/|access-date=17 June 2022|work=The Rake|quote=Caine's signature was undoubtedly his thick, horn-rimmed glasses. He wore a number of subtly varying styles throughout the sixties}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Australian Penthouse – Michael Caine: 1960s|url=https://www.reelartpress.com/press/details/135|access-date=17 June 2022|work=Real Art Press|quote=With his no-nonsense, laconic delivery, horn-rimmed glasses and sharply cut suits, he epitomised a new class of British cool. 'Michael Caine was the 1960s' ...}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó túbọ̀ fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìkópa rẹ̀ nínú àwọn eré bí i ''Get Carter'' (1971), ''The Last Valley'' (1971), ''The Man Who Would Be King'' (1975), ''The Eagle Has Landed'' (1976), àti ''A Bridge Too Far'' (1977).

Caine gba Academy Award fún Amúgbálẹ́ẹ̀gbẹ́ Òṣeré tó Tayọ jù lọ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Elliot nínú eré  [[Woody Allen]] ''Hannah and Her Sisters'' (1986), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Dr. Wilbur Larch nínú eré Lasse Hallström ''The Cider House Rules'' (1999). Àwọn eré mìíràn tí ó fi di yíyàn fún àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Oscar ni ''Alfie'' (1966), ''Sleuth'' (1972), ''Educating Rita'' (1983), and ''The Quiet American'' (2002)—mẹ́rẹ́ẹ̀rin ni fún Òṣeré tó Tayọ jù lọ. Àwọn eré mìíràn tó gbajúgbajà pẹ̀lú ''California Suite'' (1978), ''Dressed to Kill'' (1980), ''Mona Lisa'' (1986), ''Little Voice'' (1998), ''Quills'' (2000), ''Children of Men'' (2006), ''Harry Brown'' (2009), àti ''Youth'' (2015).

Caine tún di mímọ̀ fún ìkópa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Ebenezer Scrooge nínú ''The Muppet Christmas Carol'' (1992), àti fún ipa apanílẹ̀rín rẹ̀ nínú ''Dirty Rotten Scoundrels'' (1988), ''Miss Congeniality'' (2000), ''Austin Powers in Goldmember'' (2002), àti ''Secondhand Lions'' (2003). Caine kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Alfred Pennyworth nínú eré ''Batman'' onípìn-ín mẹ́ta Christopher Nolan (2005–2012), ó sì tún hàn nínú àwọn eré Nolan márùn-ún mìíràn: ''The Prestige'' (2006), ''Inception'' (2010), ''Interstellar'' (2014), ''Dunkirk'' (2017), àti ''Tenet'' (2020). Ó fi fífẹ́yìntì rẹ̀ mọ nínú eré ṣíṣe nígbà tó ń ṣeré ìkẹ́yìn rẹ̀ tí ń ṣe ''The Great Escaper'' (2023).

== Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ ==</text>
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      <comment>Àfikún àtúnṣe</comment>
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      <text bytes="14710" sha1="gaklfokdltvi79cc64vdiqu7kti9mg8" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|English actor (born 1933)}}{{Use British English|date=March 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}{{Infobox actor|honorific_prefix=[[Sir]]|name=Michael Caine|honorific_suffix={{postnom|country=GBR|size=100|CBE}}|image=Michael Caine - Viennale 2012 g (cropped).jpg|caption=Caine ní ọdún 2012|birth_name=Maurice Joseph Micklewhite|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1933|3|14}}|birth_place=London, England|occupation=Òṣèré|years_active=1950–2023&lt;ref name=&quot;outofretirement&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |issn=0957-4948 |last=King |first=Jordan |date=8 September 2025 |title=Michael Caine To Come Out Of Retirement, Aged 92, For Vin Diesel's The Last Witch Hunter 2 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/michael-caine-to-come-out-of-retirement-aged-92-for-vin-diesels-the-last-witch-hunter-2/ |magazine=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=13 October 2023 |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- Do NOT add 2025. Only add a year once it is confirmed that the filming has begun/it's in production. --&gt;|works=[[Michael Caine filmography|Filmography]]|spouse={{unbulleted list
  | {{marriage|[[Patricia Haines]]|1954|1958|end=divorced}}
  | {{marriage|[[Shakira Baksh]]|8 January 1973}}
  }}|children=Méjì|relatives=[[Stanley Caine]] (brother)|awards=[[List of awards and nominations received by Michael Caine|Full list]]
{{Infobox military person
  |embed         = yes
  |embed_title   = Military Service
  |allegiance    = [[United Kingdom]]
  |branch        = [[British Army]]
  |service_years = 1951–1953
  |unit          = [[Royal Fusiliers|C Company, 1st Royal Fusiliers]]
  |rank          = Private
  |battles       = [[Korean War]]
  |awards        = {{ubl|[[Korea Medal]] | [[United Nations Service Medal Korea|UN Korea Medal]]}}
}}|website={{URL|michaelcaine.com}}|module={{listen |embed=yes |filename=Michael_Caine_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_29_Sept_2010_b00tyv8c.flac |title=Michael Caine's voice |type=speech |description=from the BBC programme ''[[Front Row (radio programme)|Front Row Interviews]]'', 29 September 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;FR radio4&quot;&gt;{{cite episode |title=Michael Caine |series=Front Row |department=Interviews |series-link=Front Row (radio programme) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00tyv8c |station=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=29 September 2010 |access-date=18 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}|signature=Michael Caine Signature.png}}'''Sir Michael Caine''' (wọ́n bi ní '''Maurice Joseph Micklewhite'''; ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹta, ọdún 1933) jẹ́ òṣèré ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tó sì ti fẹ̀yìn tì.&lt;ref name=&quot;mcintosh bbc&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=McIntosh|first=Steven|date=13 October 2023|title=Michael Caine confirms retirement from acting after ''The Great Escaper''|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67099084|access-date=13 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó jẹ́ ẹni mímọ̀ fún ìlò ẹ̀ka-èdè Cockney rẹ̀,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Reed|first1=Rex|title=Michael Caine's 'Best Sellers' Has Something to Say About the Death of Literacy, If You Can Manage to Stay Awake|url=https://observer.com/2021/09/michael-caines-best-sellers-has-something-to-say-about-the-death-of-literacy-if-you-can-manage-to-stay-awake/|work=[[The Observer]]|date=16 September 2021|language=en|access-date=20 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; fún ọdún ọgọ́rin tí ó fi ṣeré, ó ti hàn nínú àwọn eré tó lé ní òjìlélọ́gọ́rùndínẹ̀wá iye, ó sì tún jẹ́ mímọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ẹlẹ́yẹ àṣà ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/michael-caine-retiring-best-sellers-b1939591.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/michael-caine-retiring-best-sellers-b1939591.html|archive-date=12 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Michael Caine 'not retiring' despite saying Best Sellers was his 'last part'|work=[[The Independent]]|first=Roisin|last=O'Connor|date=16 October 2021|access-date=13 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/arts-and-culture/sir-michael-caine-story-british-film-icon-558117|title=Sir Michael Caine – story of a British film icon|work=[[The Yorkshire Post]]|first=Hannah|last=Stephenson|date=18 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tí ó pẹ̀lú [[Academy Awards]] méjì, BAFTA Award kan, [[Golden Globe Awards]] mẹ́ta, àtiScreen Actors Guild Award kan. Ní ọdún 2017, àwọn eré tí Caine ti jẹyọ ti ní àkójọ bílíọ́nù $7.8 láàgbáyé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/person/22680401-Michael-Caine#tab=summary=acting|title=Michael Caine – Box Office Data Movie Star|website=The-numbers.com|access-date=20 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caine jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn òṣèré ọkùnrin márùn-ún ṣoṣo tí wọ́n di yíyàn fún Academy Award nípasẹ̀ eré ṣíṣe ní ẹ̀marùn-ún ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ láàdọ́ta ọdún. Ní ọdún 2000, ó gba BAFTA Fellowship ó sì tún gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ &quot;Sir&quot; tí [[Queen Elizabeth II]] bù fún un.

Ó sábà máa ń jẹyọ nínú àwọn eré gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ẹlẹ́ka èdè apá ìlà-oòrùn London, Caine tayọ ni 1960s nípasẹ̀ ìjẹyọ rẹ̀ nínú àwọn eré ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì bí i ''Zulu'' (1964), ''The Ipcress File'' (1965), ''The Italian Job'' (1969), àti ''Battle of Britain'' (1969). Lásìkò yìí, ó ti fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ lọ́nà tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ wíwọ ìgò-ojú tó ki pẹ̀lú ẹ̀wù súútù tó yanrantí àti ìlànà ìgbọ́rọ̀kalẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́nà tó lọ tààrà; ó di mímọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ìrísí rẹ̀ gún régé ní 1960s.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Classic film of the week: ''The Ipcress File'' (1965)|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/classic-film-of-the-week-the-ipcress-file-1965-386gnbsqgz5|access-date=17 June 2022|work=[[The Times]]|quote=Michael Caine is the epitome of Sixties cool in his first outing as the secret agent Harry Palmer. His cockney smarts, his horn-rimmed glasses}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Style Heroes: 1960s Michael Caine|url=https://therake.com/stories/style/michael-caine-1960s-style-hero/|access-date=17 June 2022|work=The Rake|quote=Caine's signature was undoubtedly his thick, horn-rimmed glasses. He wore a number of subtly varying styles throughout the sixties}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Australian Penthouse – Michael Caine: 1960s|url=https://www.reelartpress.com/press/details/135|access-date=17 June 2022|work=Real Art Press|quote=With his no-nonsense, laconic delivery, horn-rimmed glasses and sharply cut suits, he epitomised a new class of British cool. 'Michael Caine was the 1960s' ...}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó túbọ̀ fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìkópa rẹ̀ nínú àwọn eré bí i ''Get Carter'' (1971), ''The Last Valley'' (1971), ''The Man Who Would Be King'' (1975), ''The Eagle Has Landed'' (1976), àti ''A Bridge Too Far'' (1977).

Caine gba Academy Award fún Amúgbálẹ́ẹ̀gbẹ́ Òṣeré tó Tayọ jù lọ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Elliot nínú eré  [[Woody Allen]] ''Hannah and Her Sisters'' (1986), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Dr. Wilbur Larch nínú eré Lasse Hallström ''The Cider House Rules'' (1999). Àwọn eré mìíràn tí ó fi di yíyàn fún àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Oscar ni ''Alfie'' (1966), ''Sleuth'' (1972), ''Educating Rita'' (1983), and ''The Quiet American'' (2002)—mẹ́rẹ́ẹ̀rin ni fún Òṣeré tó Tayọ jù lọ. Àwọn eré mìíràn tó gbajúgbajà pẹ̀lú ''California Suite'' (1978), ''Dressed to Kill'' (1980), ''Mona Lisa'' (1986), ''Little Voice'' (1998), ''Quills'' (2000), ''Children of Men'' (2006), ''Harry Brown'' (2009), àti ''Youth'' (2015).

Caine tún di mímọ̀ fún ìkópa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Ebenezer Scrooge nínú ''The Muppet Christmas Carol'' (1992), àti fún ipa apanílẹ̀rín rẹ̀ nínú ''Dirty Rotten Scoundrels'' (1988), ''Miss Congeniality'' (2000), ''Austin Powers in Goldmember'' (2002), àti ''Secondhand Lions'' (2003). Caine kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Alfred Pennyworth nínú eré ''Batman'' onípìn-ín mẹ́ta Christopher Nolan (2005–2012), ó sì tún hàn nínú àwọn eré Nolan márùn-ún mìíràn: ''The Prestige'' (2006), ''Inception'' (2010), ''Interstellar'' (2014), ''Dunkirk'' (2017), àti ''Tenet'' (2020). Ó fi fífẹ́yìntì rẹ̀ mọ nínú eré ṣíṣe nígbà tó ń ṣeré ìkẹ́yìn rẹ̀ tí ń ṣe ''The Great Escaper'' (2023).

== Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ ==
{{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|header=|width=220|image1=Sir Michael Caine Plaque - geograph.org.uk - 497396.jpg|width1=|alt1=|caption1=[[Blue plaque]] marking Caine's birthplace at [[St Olave's Hospital]] in [[Rotherhithe]], south-east London|image2=-2019-07-04 Michael Caine Blue Plaque, North Runcton, Norfolk.jpg|width2=|alt2=|caption2=Blue plaque at the former school in [[North Runcton]] where, as a wartime evacuee, Caine made his stage debut}}
Wọ́n bí Michael Caine gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Maurice Joseph Micklewhite sí St Olave's Hospital ní agbègbè Rotherhithe ti London ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹta, ọdún 1933,{{sfn|Caine|1992}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Caine &quot;Michael Caine Biography&quot;], ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Accessed 9 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Caine|2010|p=16}} ó jẹ́ ọmọ alásè àti agbálẹ̀ Ellen Frances Marie (tí orúkọ àbísọ jẹ́ Burchell; 1900–1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.timedetectives.co.uk/doc/MichaelCaineFamilyTree.pdf|title=Michael Caine Family Tree|access-date=26 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Caine|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780805093902/page/6 6]}} àti alábàárù ní ọjà ẹja tí òun náà jẹ́ Maurice Joseph Micklewhite (1899–1956). Kátólíìkì ni bàbá rẹ̀. Àtẹ̀jáde kan lórí''The Irish Times'' fi hàn pé bàbá Caine wá láti ìdílé arìnrìn-àjò [[Ireland]],&lt;ref name=&quot;IT1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Clarke|first1=Donald|title=Michael Caine: Still willing to blow the bloody doors off|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/michael-caine-still-willing-to-blow-the-bloody-doors-off-1.3619061|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|publisher=Irish Times Trust|access-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604135127/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/michael-caine-still-willing-to-blow-the-bloody-doors-off-1.3619061|archive-date=4 June 2024|location=[[Tara Street, Dublin]]|language=en|date=8 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ṣùgbọ́n Caine fúnra rẹ̀ mẹ́nu bà á àti lórí abala ''Inside the Actors Studio kan'' pé bàbá rẹ̀ ṣẹ́ ẹ̀ láti ara àwọn tí a mọ̀ sí Gypsy ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michael Caine - The Talks|url=https://the-talks.com/interview/sir-michael-caine/|access-date=2026-09-06|website=the-talks.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Inside the Actors Studio'', season 6, episode 5 (9 January 2000). ''I don't look like a Gypsy [...] my father was [a] very dark, swarthy Gypsy''&lt;/ref&gt; Ìyá Caine tọ ní ìlànà ẹ̀sìn Protestant.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/2009/05/01/caine-s-magical-performance-in-is-anybody-out-there-91466-23519005/|title=Lifestyle – Caine's magical performance in Is Anybody Out There?|website=WalesOnline|date=1 May 2009|access-date=6 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ní àbúrò ọkùnrin, Stanley (1935–2013), tí òun náà di òṣèré, ó sì tún ní ẹ̀gbọ́n ọmọkùnrin láti ọ̀dọ̀ ìyá rẹ̀ tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń ṣe David Burchell. Ó dàgbà ní agbègbè Southwark ní London; nígbà [[Second World War]], wọ́n gbà á là láti {{convert|100|mi|km}} lọ sí North Runcton, ní Norfolk, níbi tí ó ti kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré ṣíṣe ní ilé-ìwé abúlé ibẹ̀ tí ó sì tún ti ní ẹṣin ọ̀sìn tí ó ń jẹ́ Lottie.{{sfn|Caine|2018}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.runctonweb.co.uk/mcaine.html|title=Michaorfolk childhood|website=Runctonweb.co.uk|access-date=17 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830215052/http://www.runctonweb.co.uk/mcaine.html|archive-date=30 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lẹ́yìn ogun náà, wọ́n gbé bàbá rẹ̀ kúrò níbi tí wọ́n ń gbé tẹ́lẹ̀, àjọ náà sí gba ẹbí rẹ̀ sílé sí Marshall Gardens ní agbègbè Elephant and Castle ní London, tí wọ́n ń gbé nínú ilé tí ó ti di kíkọ́ sílẹ̀ láti Canada, nítorí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilé ni ó ti bàjẹ́ nígbà ogun náà.{{sfn|Caine|2010|p=28}} Caine kọ sínú ìtàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó yá, &quot;Àwọn ilé-àkọ́sílẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe mọ̀ wọ́n sí, yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ ilé fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ni nígbà tí London ń di kíkọ́ padà, ṣùgbọ́n a gbé bẹ̀ fún ọdún méjìdínlógún—àti pé fún wa, lẹ́yìn tí a ti gbé nílé tó fún pá pẹ̀lú ilé-ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ níta, ó nìyí púpọ̀.&quot;{{sfn|Caine|2010|p=29}}

Nígbà tí Caine pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́wàá, ó kópa nínú eré ''Cinderella'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí i bàbá àwọn ọmọbìnrin tó bùrẹ́wà. Síìpù ṣòkòtò rẹ̀ wà ní ṣíṣí sílẹ̀, èyí tó mu kí àwọn olùwòran máa bú sẹ̀rín, tí ó ṣokùnfà ìtẹ̀síwáju rẹ̀ nínú eré ṣíṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;most searched&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9obGdzeSD4|title=Morgan Freeman, Michael Caine, and Alan Arkin Answer the Web's Most Searched Questions|type=Video presentation|date=6 April 2017|access-date=19 March 2020|via=YouTube|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 1944, ó yege nínú àyẹ̀wò-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mọ́kànlá-jù-bẹẹ-lọ, tí ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ ẹ̀kọ́-ọ̀fẹ́ lọ sí Hackney Downs School. Lẹ́yìn ọdún kan ní bẹ́ẹ̀, ó tún lọ sí Wilson's School ní Camberwell, èyí tí ó fi sílẹ̀ ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba School Certificates nínú ẹ̀kọ́ mẹ́fà. Ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ fún ìgbà díẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ àmójútó-ìwé ilé-iṣẹ́ àti ajíṣẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ fíìmù kan ní Victoria, London àti fún agbéréjáde Jay Lewis lórí Wardour Street.&lt;ref name=&quot;70notout&quot;&gt;{{cite book|year=2004|first=William|last=Hall|isbn=1-84454-019-7|title=The Biography of Sir Michael Caine; 70 Not Out|publisher=John Blake}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <text bytes="14806" sha1="d7poidz0r6nncg4t5yajixqraoeenrj" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|English actor (born 1933)}}{{Use British English|date=March 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}{{Infobox actor|honorific_prefix=[[Sir]]|name=Michael Caine|honorific_suffix={{postnom|country=GBR|size=100|CBE}}|image=Michael Caine - Viennale 2012 g (cropped).jpg|caption=Caine ní ọdún 2012|birth_name=Maurice Joseph Micklewhite|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1933|3|14}}|birth_place=London, England|occupation=Òṣèré|years_active=1950–2023&lt;ref name=&quot;outofretirement&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |issn=0957-4948 |last=King |first=Jordan |date=8 September 2025 |title=Michael Caine To Come Out Of Retirement, Aged 92, For Vin Diesel's The Last Witch Hunter 2 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/michael-caine-to-come-out-of-retirement-aged-92-for-vin-diesels-the-last-witch-hunter-2/ |magazine=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=13 October 2023 |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- Do NOT add 2025. Only add a year once it is confirmed that the filming has begun/it's in production. --&gt;|works=[[Michael Caine filmography|Filmography]]|spouse={{unbulleted list
  | {{marriage|[[Patricia Haines]]|1954|1958|end=divorced}}
  | {{marriage|[[Shakira Baksh]]|8 January 1973}}
  }}|children=Méjì|relatives=[[Stanley Caine]] (brother)|awards=[[List of awards and nominations received by Michael Caine|Full list]]
{{Infobox military person
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  |embed_title   = Military Service
  |allegiance    = [[United Kingdom]]
  |branch        = [[British Army]]
  |service_years = 1951–1953
  |unit          = [[Royal Fusiliers|C Company, 1st Royal Fusiliers]]
  |rank          = Private
  |battles       = [[Korean War]]
  |awards        = {{ubl|[[Korea Medal]] | [[United Nations Service Medal Korea|UN Korea Medal]]}}
}}|website={{URL|michaelcaine.com}}|module={{listen |embed=yes |filename=Michael_Caine_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_29_Sept_2010_b00tyv8c.flac |title=Michael Caine's voice |type=speech |description=from the BBC programme ''[[Front Row (radio programme)|Front Row Interviews]]'', 29 September 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;FR radio4&quot;&gt;{{cite episode |title=Michael Caine |series=Front Row |department=Interviews |series-link=Front Row (radio programme) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00tyv8c |station=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=29 September 2010 |access-date=18 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}|signature=Michael Caine Signature.png}}'''Sir Michael Caine''' (wọ́n bi ní '''Maurice Joseph Micklewhite'''; ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹta, ọdún 1933) jẹ́ òṣèré ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tó sì ti fẹ̀yìn tì.&lt;ref name=&quot;mcintosh bbc&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=McIntosh|first=Steven|date=13 October 2023|title=Michael Caine confirms retirement from acting after ''The Great Escaper''|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67099084|access-date=13 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó jẹ́ ẹni mímọ̀ fún ìlò ẹ̀ka-èdè Cockney rẹ̀,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Reed|first1=Rex|title=Michael Caine's 'Best Sellers' Has Something to Say About the Death of Literacy, If You Can Manage to Stay Awake|url=https://observer.com/2021/09/michael-caines-best-sellers-has-something-to-say-about-the-death-of-literacy-if-you-can-manage-to-stay-awake/|work=[[The Observer]]|date=16 September 2021|language=en|access-date=20 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; fún ọdún ọgọ́rin tí ó fi ṣeré, ó ti hàn nínú àwọn eré tó lé ní òjìlélọ́gọ́rùndínẹ̀wá iye, ó sì tún jẹ́ mímọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ẹlẹ́yẹ àṣà ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/michael-caine-retiring-best-sellers-b1939591.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/michael-caine-retiring-best-sellers-b1939591.html|archive-date=12 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Michael Caine 'not retiring' despite saying Best Sellers was his 'last part'|work=[[The Independent]]|first=Roisin|last=O'Connor|date=16 October 2021|access-date=13 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/arts-and-culture/sir-michael-caine-story-british-film-icon-558117|title=Sir Michael Caine – story of a British film icon|work=[[The Yorkshire Post]]|first=Hannah|last=Stephenson|date=18 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tí ó pẹ̀lú [[Academy Awards]] méjì, BAFTA Award kan, [[Golden Globe Awards]] mẹ́ta, àtiScreen Actors Guild Award kan. Ní ọdún 2017, àwọn eré tí Caine ti jẹyọ ti ní àkójọ bílíọ́nù $7.8 láàgbáyé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/person/22680401-Michael-Caine#tab=summary=acting|title=Michael Caine – Box Office Data Movie Star|website=The-numbers.com|access-date=20 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caine jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn òṣèré ọkùnrin márùn-ún ṣoṣo tí wọ́n di yíyàn fún Academy Award nípasẹ̀ eré ṣíṣe ní ẹ̀marùn-ún ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ láàdọ́ta ọdún. Ní ọdún 2000, ó gba BAFTA Fellowship ó sì tún gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ &quot;Sir&quot; tí [[Queen Elizabeth II]] bù fún un.

Ó sábà máa ń jẹyọ nínú àwọn eré gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ẹlẹ́ka èdè apá ìlà-oòrùn London, Caine tayọ ni 1960s nípasẹ̀ ìjẹyọ rẹ̀ nínú àwọn eré ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì bí i ''Zulu'' (1964), ''The Ipcress File'' (1965), ''The Italian Job'' (1969), àti ''Battle of Britain'' (1969). Lásìkò yìí, ó ti fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ lọ́nà tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ wíwọ ìgò-ojú tó ki pẹ̀lú ẹ̀wù súútù tó yanrantí àti ìlànà ìgbọ́rọ̀kalẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́nà tó lọ tààrà; ó di mímọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ìrísí rẹ̀ gún régé ní 1960s.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Classic film of the week: ''The Ipcress File'' (1965)|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/classic-film-of-the-week-the-ipcress-file-1965-386gnbsqgz5|access-date=17 June 2022|work=[[The Times]]|quote=Michael Caine is the epitome of Sixties cool in his first outing as the secret agent Harry Palmer. His cockney smarts, his horn-rimmed glasses}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Style Heroes: 1960s Michael Caine|url=https://therake.com/stories/style/michael-caine-1960s-style-hero/|access-date=17 June 2022|work=The Rake|quote=Caine's signature was undoubtedly his thick, horn-rimmed glasses. He wore a number of subtly varying styles throughout the sixties}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Australian Penthouse – Michael Caine: 1960s|url=https://www.reelartpress.com/press/details/135|access-date=17 June 2022|work=Real Art Press|quote=With his no-nonsense, laconic delivery, horn-rimmed glasses and sharply cut suits, he epitomised a new class of British cool. 'Michael Caine was the 1960s' ...}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó túbọ̀ fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìkópa rẹ̀ nínú àwọn eré bí i ''Get Carter'' (1971), ''The Last Valley'' (1971), ''The Man Who Would Be King'' (1975), ''The Eagle Has Landed'' (1976), àti ''A Bridge Too Far'' (1977).

Caine gba Academy Award fún Amúgbálẹ́ẹ̀gbẹ́ Òṣeré tó Tayọ jù lọ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Elliot nínú eré  [[Woody Allen]] ''Hannah and Her Sisters'' (1986), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Dr. Wilbur Larch nínú eré Lasse Hallström ''The Cider House Rules'' (1999). Àwọn eré mìíràn tí ó fi di yíyàn fún àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Oscar ni ''Alfie'' (1966), ''Sleuth'' (1972), ''Educating Rita'' (1983), and ''The Quiet American'' (2002)—mẹ́rẹ́ẹ̀rin ni fún Òṣeré tó Tayọ jù lọ. Àwọn eré mìíràn tó gbajúgbajà pẹ̀lú ''California Suite'' (1978), ''Dressed to Kill'' (1980), ''Mona Lisa'' (1986), ''Little Voice'' (1998), ''Quills'' (2000), ''Children of Men'' (2006), ''Harry Brown'' (2009), àti ''Youth'' (2015).

Caine tún di mímọ̀ fún ìkópa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Ebenezer Scrooge nínú ''The Muppet Christmas Carol'' (1992), àti fún ipa apanílẹ̀rín rẹ̀ nínú ''Dirty Rotten Scoundrels'' (1988), ''Miss Congeniality'' (2000), ''Austin Powers in Goldmember'' (2002), àti ''Secondhand Lions'' (2003). Caine kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Alfred Pennyworth nínú eré ''Batman'' onípìn-ín mẹ́ta Christopher Nolan (2005–2012), ó sì tún hàn nínú àwọn eré Nolan márùn-ún mìíràn: ''The Prestige'' (2006), ''Inception'' (2010), ''Interstellar'' (2014), ''Dunkirk'' (2017), àti ''Tenet'' (2020). Ó fi fífẹ́yìntì rẹ̀ mọ nínú eré ṣíṣe nígbà tó ń ṣeré ìkẹ́yìn rẹ̀ tí ń ṣe ''The Great Escaper'' (2023).

== Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ ==
{{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|header=|width=220|image1=Sir Michael Caine Plaque - geograph.org.uk - 497396.jpg|width1=|alt1=|caption1=Púlákì búlúù tí ó fi ibùdó ìbí Caine hàn ní St Olave's Hospital ní Rotherhithe, gúúsù-mọ́-ìlà-oòrùn London|image2=-2019-07-04 Michael Caine Blue Plaque, North Runcton, Norfolk.jpg|width2=|alt2=|caption2=Púlákì búlúù ní ilé-ìwé tí tẹ́lẹ̀ ní North Runcton níbi tí ó ti di gbígbàlà nígbà ogun, tí ó sì ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré orí-ìtàgé àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀}}
Wọ́n bí Michael Caine gẹ́gẹ́ bí i Maurice Joseph Micklewhite sí St Olave's Hospital ní agbègbè Rotherhithe ti London ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹta, ọdún 1933,{{sfn|Caine|1992}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Caine &quot;Michael Caine Biography&quot;], ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Accessed 9 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Caine|2010|p=16}} ó jẹ́ ọmọ alásè àti agbálẹ̀ Ellen Frances Marie (tí orúkọ àbísọ jẹ́ Burchell; 1900–1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.timedetectives.co.uk/doc/MichaelCaineFamilyTree.pdf|title=Michael Caine Family Tree|access-date=26 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Caine|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780805093902/page/6 6]}} àti alábàárù ní ọjà ẹja tí òun náà jẹ́ Maurice Joseph Micklewhite (1899–1956). Kátólíìkì ni bàbá rẹ̀. Àtẹ̀jáde kan lórí''The Irish Times'' fi hàn pé bàbá Caine wá láti ìdílé arìnrìn-àjò [[Ireland]],&lt;ref name=&quot;IT1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Clarke|first1=Donald|title=Michael Caine: Still willing to blow the bloody doors off|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/michael-caine-still-willing-to-blow-the-bloody-doors-off-1.3619061|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|publisher=Irish Times Trust|access-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604135127/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/michael-caine-still-willing-to-blow-the-bloody-doors-off-1.3619061|archive-date=4 June 2024|location=[[Tara Street, Dublin]]|language=en|date=8 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ṣùgbọ́n Caine fúnra rẹ̀ mẹ́nu bà á àti lórí abala ''Inside the Actors Studio kan'' pé bàbá rẹ̀ ṣẹ́ ẹ̀ láti ara àwọn tí a mọ̀ sí Gypsy ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michael Caine - The Talks|url=https://the-talks.com/interview/sir-michael-caine/|access-date=2026-09-06|website=the-talks.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Inside the Actors Studio'', season 6, episode 5 (9 January 2000). ''I don't look like a Gypsy [...] my father was [a] very dark, swarthy Gypsy''&lt;/ref&gt; Ìyá Caine tọ ní ìlànà ẹ̀sìn Protestant.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/2009/05/01/caine-s-magical-performance-in-is-anybody-out-there-91466-23519005/|title=Lifestyle – Caine's magical performance in Is Anybody Out There?|website=WalesOnline|date=1 May 2009|access-date=6 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ní àbúrò ọkùnrin, Stanley (1935–2013), tí òun náà di òṣèré, ó sì tún ní ẹ̀gbọ́n ọmọkùnrin láti ọ̀dọ̀ ìyá rẹ̀ tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń ṣe David Burchell. Ó dàgbà ní agbègbè Southwark ní London; nígbà [[Second World War]], wọ́n gbà á là láti {{convert|100|mi|km}} lọ sí North Runcton, ní Norfolk, níbi tí ó ti kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré ṣíṣe ní ilé-ìwé abúlé ibẹ̀ tí ó sì tún ti ní ẹṣin ọ̀sìn tí ó ń jẹ́ Lottie.{{sfn|Caine|2018}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.runctonweb.co.uk/mcaine.html|title=Michaorfolk childhood|website=Runctonweb.co.uk|access-date=17 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830215052/http://www.runctonweb.co.uk/mcaine.html|archive-date=30 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lẹ́yìn ogun náà, wọ́n gbé bàbá rẹ̀ kúrò níbi tí wọ́n ń gbé tẹ́lẹ̀, àjọ náà sí gba ẹbí rẹ̀ sílé sí Marshall Gardens ní agbègbè Elephant and Castle ní London, tí wọ́n ń gbé nínú ilé tí ó ti di kíkọ́ sílẹ̀ láti Canada, nítorí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilé ni ó ti bàjẹ́ nígbà ogun náà.{{sfn|Caine|2010|p=28}} Caine kọ sínú ìtàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó yá, &quot;Àwọn ilé-àkọ́sílẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe mọ̀ wọ́n sí, yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ ilé fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ni nígbà tí London ń di kíkọ́ padà, ṣùgbọ́n a gbé bẹ̀ fún ọdún méjìdínlógún—àti pé fún wa, lẹ́yìn tí a ti gbé nílé tó fún pá pẹ̀lú ilé-ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ níta, ó nìyí púpọ̀.&quot;{{sfn|Caine|2010|p=29}}

Nígbà tí Caine pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́wàá, ó kópa nínú eré ''Cinderella'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí i bàbá àwọn ọmọbìnrin tó bùrẹ́wà. Síìpù ṣòkòtò rẹ̀ wà ní ṣíṣí sílẹ̀, èyí tó mu kí àwọn olùwòran máa bú sẹ̀rín, tí ó ṣokùnfà ìtẹ̀síwáju rẹ̀ nínú eré ṣíṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;most searched&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9obGdzeSD4|title=Morgan Freeman, Michael Caine, and Alan Arkin Answer the Web's Most Searched Questions|type=Video presentation|date=6 April 2017|access-date=19 March 2020|via=YouTube|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 1944, ó yege nínú àyẹ̀wò-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mọ́kànlá-jù-bẹẹ-lọ, tí ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ ẹ̀kọ́-ọ̀fẹ́ lọ sí Hackney Downs School. Lẹ́yìn ọdún kan ní bẹ́ẹ̀, ó tún lọ sí Wilson's School ní Camberwell, èyí tí ó fi sílẹ̀ ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba School Certificates nínú ẹ̀kọ́ mẹ́fà. Ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ fún ìgbà díẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ àmójútó-ìwé ilé-iṣẹ́ àti ajíṣẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ fíìmù kan ní Victoria, London àti fún agbéréjáde Jay Lewis lórí Wardour Street.&lt;ref name=&quot;70notout&quot;&gt;{{cite book|year=2004|first=William|last=Hall|isbn=1-84454-019-7|title=The Biography of Sir Michael Caine; 70 Not Out|publisher=John Blake}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Florin Àrúbà ==

Hello Wikicology, this link ([http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Aruba-B-En.htm Florin Àrúbà]) is no spam. This page is linked in many Wikis in other languages (for exemple in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruban_florin#External_links (en)], [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flor%C3%ADn_arube%C3%B1o (es)], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba-Florin (de)], [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florin_arubais#Liens_externes (fr)], ...
Regards, Frank
:Frank, the addition of link like this across many project may be considered disruptive. Just as [[Oníṣe:Savh]] rightfully pointed out, the link states &quot;All presented banknotes belong to the series, which was in circulation during my stay on Aruba (2015). The collection does not claim to completeness or timeliness.&quot;, which to me clearly indicate that the source is nothing but a spam link. I urge you to refrain from adding this to Wikipedia. I am going to revert your edits on other Wikis where you added the link. I am sorry for any inconveniences that may arise. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 22:08, 7 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)

::Hello Wikicology, thanks for the quick answer. To undo the linking is your good right as administrator of this site. But, I can assure that I have thoroughly checked the page prior to linking. There are definitifly no links to commercial sites. The disputed footnote at the bottom of the page (&quot;All presented banknotes belong to the series, which resulting in circulation during my stay on Aruba (2015). The collection does not claim to completeness or timeliness.&quot;) I think is a kind of disclaimer. It tells the time, the banknotes were locally in circulation (2015) and it indicates that there may be other banknotes of Arbua, they might not seen on the page. Regards, Frank

::PS: You should check my second change on the page again. The Florin is not a currency of Africa, but an America's currency.
:::First off, I am not an administrator on Yoruba Wikipedia. That being said, I do not see how the statement &quot;All presented banknotes belong to the series, which resulting in circulation during my stay on Aruba (2015). The collection does not claim to completeness or timeliness.&quot; is a disclaimer. I repeat, your addition of this particular link across one or more Wikipedia project is troubling. You are welcome to replace the source with a valid one. Thank you. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 07:07, 8 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)

==Father's Prayer in Tsonga==
Hi Wikicology, just want to let you know, I've added this section to 25 individual wiki's today, but you are the only one who wants to revert it! If you want it referenced, please read your Bible. [[Oníṣe:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Aliwal2012|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:48, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)
:I am not sure I understand what you mean by &quot;read your Bible&quot;. Do you mean it was written in the Bible? [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:24, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)
::Yes. [[Oníṣe:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Aliwal2012|ọ̀rọ̀]])17:24, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)
:::Cite it and I will verify it. Let me know if you need help citing this source. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:24, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)

::::The prayer in Matthew 6:9–13 in English reads:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
:Our Father in heaven,
:hallowed be your name.
:Your kingdom come,
:your will be done,
:on earth, as it is in heaven.
:Give us this day our daily bread,
:and forgive us our debts,
:as we also have forgiven our debtors.
:And lead us not into temptation,
:but deliver us from evil. Amen.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
::In the english wiki it is referenced as:
::https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+6%3A5%E2%80%9313&amp;version=KJV
:::By the way, why do you think the bible verse should be included in the article, [[Èdè Tsonga]]? [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:37, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)
::::Why are you changing the topic now? I gave you the citation, can u please tell me if is useable before I include it in the article?
::::[[Oníṣe:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Aliwal2012|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:50, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)
:::::I am sorry, the contents are not relevant to the article. I am struggling to see why this should be included in that article. Can you tell me the relevance of the Bible passage to the article? Honestly, I am willing to help but I am not sure of why the contents should be included. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:57, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)
::::::I came across the example of the prayer in Tsonga on the Netherlands wiki today, and thought it to be a good idea to include it on other wiki's Tsonga article. The text of the prayer is shown as an example of the use of the Tsonga language, relating to a well-known English prayer. Its not about the contents of the prayer, it is quoted purely as a Tsonga language example! Hope this clarifies my intention to you. [[Oníṣe:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Aliwal2012|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:09, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)
:::::::Thanks for your willingness to help improve Wikipedia but unfortunately, the inclusion of this text to the article does not make any sense to me. Bible is written in different languages including English, Yoruba, French, Deutsch and several other languages. Just because a version of Tsonga language was written is not enough for you to start including Bible verses to Wikipedia to validate the existence of Tsonga language. Cross-wiki inclusion of text like this may be considered disruptive. I strongly suggest that you refrain from adding this text to Wikipedia. I am sure the folks at en-wiki would have reverted your edit if you already included the text there. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:29, 16 Oṣù Kẹfà 2016 (UTC)

== [[Linux]] ==

Can you at least properly translate that page? Thanks. --[[Oníṣe:Champion|Champion]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Champion|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 00:02, 21 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2016 (UTC)
:I'll help you to fix the page but please do not copy and paste contents translated by machine to Yoruba Wikipedia in the future. Warm regards. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:02, 21 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2016 (UTC)
{{Done}}. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:30, 21 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2016 (UTC)

== Adminship/Alámòójútó ==
Hello, Isaac, I have sent your adminship request to the Bureaucrat. I hope it will be granted soon. We'll be talking in more detail then. [[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 07:02, 17 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2016 (UTC)

Scratch the above post. It's the stewards that will do the granting for Yoruba wikipedia, so please go to the meta steward's page below

[[:m:Steward_requests/Permissions#Administrator_access]]

and follow the instruction under administrator access by using the template below (I already filled it for you):

&lt;pre&gt;
==== User name@xxproject ====
{{sr-request
 |status    = &lt;!--don't change this line--&gt;
 |domain    = yo.wikipedia
 |user name = Wikicology
 |discussion= [[:yo:Wikipedia:Ìtọrọ_láti_di_alámòjútó/Wikicology|here]]
}}
(your remarks) ~~~~
&lt;/pre&gt;

[[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 07:19, 17 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2016 (UTC)
::Thank you so much [[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]]. I appreciate your support and help. With kind regards.  [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 08:55, 17 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2016 (UTC)

== Translation ==
Hello, could you please translate '''Automatic refresh''' to {{#language:yo}}? Thanks [[Oníṣe:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:-XQV-|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:20, 13 Oṣù Kínní 2017 (UTC)
:Can you provide the direct translation link? [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:34, 13 Oṣù Kínní 2017 (UTC)
::No, because I want only the bolded sentence to be translated. [[Oníṣe:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:-XQV-|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:56, 13 Oṣù Kínní 2017 (UTC)
:::'''Automatic refresh''' = '''Tún ojú ewé wò láìsí ìyọnu'''. Good luck! [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 22:20, 13 Oṣù Kínní 2017 (UTC)

== [[m:Wikipedia Library User Group|Sign up for the new Wikipedia Library User Group!]] ==

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Hello TWL coordinators! After much contemplation and planning, [[m:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] has decided to move forward its longtime desire of bringing together Wikipedians and librarians by creating an '''[[m:Wikipedia Library User Group|user group]]'''. The user group is yet to be recognized by the [[m:AffCom|Affiliations Committee]], but you are welcome to sign up as a member by adding your name in the user group [[m:Wikipedia Library User Group#Members|meta page]]. Once you do that, please [[m:Talk:Wikipedia Library User Group|join the discussion]] in deciding the user group name, logo, and organizers. You can even volunteer to lead the group! And of course please don't forget to invite your community and friends! The user group intends to, 
[[File:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group logo.svg|90px|left|link=WP:The Wikipedia Library]]
* provide guidance for Wikimedians engaging with libraries, and libraries engaging with Wikimedia,
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[[File:Wikipedia Library owl.svg|30px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – Global Coordinators Meeting'''&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia Library owl.svg|30px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – Global Coordinators Meeting'''&lt;br /&gt;
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*The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting is a bi-monthly meeting held to improve communication and collaboration amongst all global coordinators and the TWL team.
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*As always members from the TWL team at WMF will be there to help facilitate and answer questions. We are interested in hearing from you about what you’re working on and what’s working!
&lt;font size = &quot;3&quot;&gt;'''''PS''': The meeting happens on IRC, in the channel #wikipedia-library on Freenode. KiwiIRC reveals your IP address. Please read this [[m:IRC/Cloaks|meta page]] and apply for a cloak in advance (preferably at least a week before) if this is an issue.''&lt;/font&gt;

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==I think==

That you should apology to Jielle [https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ìp%C3%ADnlẹ̀_Kwara&amp;oldid=prev&amp;diff=515541 about this]. 

The images are categorized Kwara_State. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kwara_State

The article is about [[Kwara State]]

So, maybe you are NOT happy with her adding images, but the comment ''irrelevant images randomly to articles'' is just plain disrespectful. Maybe you do not like those images categorized Kwara_State to be in the article about Kwara_State. But this is in no way irrelevant and certainly not random. Please consider apologies for the rude comment. Really [[Oníṣe:Anthere|Anthere]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Anthere|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:20, 13 Oṣù Kejìlá 2017 (UTC)
::Anthere, how is ''maybe you are NOT happy with her adding images'' a logical argument? I and Jielle have worked together on Wikimedia Commons and I enjoyed working with them. So, this is not about Jielle but about those images. Categorizing images as Nigeria does not necessarily mean that you will add a bunch of those images to the article &quot;Nigeria&quot;. Nothing shows the relationship between the images and the subject of the article other than the images was categorized Kwara State on Commons. Regards. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:54, 13 Oṣù Kejìlá 2017 (UTC)
::The first image I can see in the category now is the image of the Governor of Kwara State. I am talking about [[:File:Abdulfatah Ahmed at PGLS 2.jpg]]. If this image was used with the caption &quot;Abdulfatah Ahmed, the Governor of Kwara State&quot;, I doubt anyone would remove it. The only edit I could make to it is translating it into Yoruba. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:00, 13 Oṣù Kejìlá 2017 (UTC)

==Ipinle Kwara==
I will revert your edit back to Ipinle Kwara. There was already a redirect from Kwara State to Ipinle Kwara so changing the title to English is not necessary and its spelled Kwara not Kuara even in Yoruba. Thanks [[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:24, 13 Oṣù Kejìlá 2017 (UTC)
:I know that [[Kwara State]] was redirected to Ipinle Kwara but I doubt anyone would search the title in Yoruba language for multiple reasons.  There is no Yoruba keyboard on major devices e.g computer desktops, laptops used in Nigeria. Thus, no one would have look for Ipinle Yoruba with the diacritical marks on Google  or other search engine. The implication is that people will not be able to read it. Our encyclopedia becomes useless if people cannot look out topics to read on it. I don't know of if you are seeing it from that direction, so I am not going to revert you. I'll rather copy the correct contents into your version of the article title. Regards. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:18, 13 Oṣù Kejìlá 2017 (UTC)

== [[James Coburn]] ==

Hi Wikicology .... You asked to delete the above article but this one at least has an image. If you look at the articles in this category &quot;Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn agbá tẹ́nìs&quot; they are much worse and and they were also created by Demmy, the only administrator here. You do not think it's best to tell him? Greetings [[Oníṣe:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:DARIO SEVERI|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 08:56, 3 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)
::[[Oníṣe:DARIO SEVERI]], That article pop up when I clicked the &quot;random article &quot; bar and I requested it's deletion, that was over a year ago. I haven't look into that category and possibly any other category but it seems like a category that needs attention. I have been fixing and improving some of these articles. I will surely improve this one today. If you look at Demmy's talk page you will notice that I have contacted him on the needs for improvement on articles like this created by him. Happy new year. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 09:35, 3 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)
:::Hi Wikicology, thanks for your massage in my Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe and thanks for improving the article above. Regards [[Oníṣe:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:DARIO SEVERI|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 09:50, 6 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)

::::Hi Wikicology. Happy new year. Sorry for my late response. I created the generic template for those articles with the intention of filling them up later through edits but other thing got the best of my time. You can mark them for deletion or edit them accordingly.[[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:49, 9 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)
:::::Demmy, I knew you had a good intention when you created them. It would be best to improve them rather than nominating them for deletion since they are notable topics. Regards. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:56, 9 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)

==Congratulations!==
Congratulations on your adminship and thanks for your contributions! [[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 09:59, 14 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks for all your support in the last years. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:17, 14 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)

==Testing modules ==
{{re|Demmy}}, please confirm if the pings works. Thank you. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:43, 19 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)

::Hi. The notification was working. Were you not receiving notifications before?
Also protect new templates and modules after you've created them. On the page tab, pull down the Ọ̀pọ̀ menu and use the Àbò link to protect. Set both the Àtúnṣe and Ìyípò to Gba àwọn alámùójútó nìkan láyè and click on ìmúdájú to confirm.[[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:49, 20 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)
:::Thank you {{re|Demmy}}. It wasn't working before since we do not have such module before. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 14:08, 20 Oṣù Kínní 2018 (UTC)

==Translation of three sentences into Yo==
Hey Wikicology. Wondering if you could translate these three sentences into Yoruba :-)

https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Yoruba

Working to develop an offline version of Wikipedia for Nigeria.
Best [[:en:User:Jmh649|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''James Heilman, MD'''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[:en:User talk:Jmh649|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Jmh649|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Jmh649|email]])(please leave replies on my talk page) 10:53, 8 Oṣù Kejì 2018 (UTC)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
===Yorùbá===

Yorùbá ([https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ yo]) -&gt; (Oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2017) -&gt; [http://download.kiwix.org/zim/wikipedia/wikipedia_yo_all_novid_2017-08.zim gba ZIM sílẹ̀ jáde] (84 mb)

Wikipedia ní Yorùbá

Àwọn àyọkà ìléra tí ó péye láti Wikipedia ti Yorùbá ti aládàáṣẹ́ àti èyí ti a lè ṣàwárí rẹ̀ ní ìgúnrégé. Àyè ṣí sílè láti láànfàní sí àkóónú rẹ̀, ní èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí wípé ọ̀fẹ́ ni láti gbàá sílẹ̀ jáde, ìṣàtúnlò, pínpín, àti àfikún rẹ̀. Darapọ̀ mọ́wa láti jẹ́ kí èyí ta fẹ́ ṣe dára ju tàtẹ̀yìnwá lọ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
::{{Re|Jmh649}} {{done|Done}}. See it above. Regards. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:21, 8 Oṣù Kejì 2018 (UTC)
:::Can you write in Igbo aswell?
:::Or do you know someone who can? Also need it translated into Hausa... [[:en:User:Jmh649|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''James Heilman, MD'''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[:en:User talk:Jmh649|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Jmh649|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Jmh649|email]])(please leave replies on my talk page) 14:10, 10 Oṣù Kejì 2018 (UTC)
::::I am not a native speaker of those languages. {{Re|Ammarpad}} can you help with translation in Hausa language? {{re|Blossom Ozurumba}} can you help in Igbo? [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:11, 10 Oṣù Kejì 2018 (UTC)
:::::Thanks Wikicology :-) Yes if [[User:Ammarpad]] and [[User:Blossom Ozurumba]] could do the translations that would be wonderful.
:::::Text to be translated is '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria here]'''. Just the section under the name of the language. [[:en:User:Jmh649|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''James Heilman, MD'''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[:en:User talk:Jmh649|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Jmh649|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Jmh649|email]])(please leave replies on my talk page) 11:52, 12 Oṣù Kejì 2018 (UTC)
::::::{{re|Jmh649}}, if they don't do it in the next few days, I will get experts in those languages to translate it. [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:06, 12 Oṣù Kejì 2018 (UTC)

== The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia Library owl.svg|30px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – Global Coordinators Meeting'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;'''March 7th at 4:00 PM (UTC) (9:00 AM (PST))''' – You’re invited!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: .9em&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;color: #2979c3; font-size: 2em;&gt;'''To easily join, go to: https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.freenode.net/wikipedia-library '''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
*The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting is a bi-monthly meeting held to improve communication and collaboration amongst all global coordinators and the TWL team.
*In this meeting it'd be great if you can present us with '''what happened in your branches in the past two to four months'''. That'll be our first agenda. And then we'll follow the set agenda like the previous meeting which will be shared with you during the session. 
*As always members from the TWL team at WMF will be there to help facilitate and answer questions. We are interested in hearing from you about what you’re working on and what’s working!
&lt;font size = &quot;3&quot;&gt;'''''PS''': The '''publicly-logged''' meeting happens on IRC, in the channel #wikipedia-library on Freenode. KiwiIRC reveals your IP address. Please read this [[m:IRC/Cloaks|meta page]] and apply for a cloak in advance (preferably at least a week before) if this is an issue.''&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;font size = &quot;2&quot;&gt;For any questions or suggestions, please contact avasanth [at] wikimedia [dot] org. Thank you, [[m:User:AVasanth (WMF)|AVasanth (WMF)]], via --[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 15:04, 28 Oṣù Kejì 2018 (UTC)
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== Offline version of Yoruba Wikipedia ==

Hello,

James told me there's an offline version of internet-in-a-box getting ready for shipping in Nigeria, and that they wanted to include the Yoruba Wikipedia, which is a great idea (I'm one of the [[:en:Kiwix|Kiwix]] guys, btw)

We've started to simplify the start pages and make them simpler, more offline-friendly: we remove links that do not work offline, dates that would be meaningless months later (generating a zim file is like taking a snapshot, and users get tired of seeing the same picture of the day shown forever on the landing page).

To that effect I've prepared quick, Yoruba-specific landing page: '''[[User:Stephane_(Kiwix)/Landing]]'''. Would you be willing to translate it?

The initial text comes from the English wiki but at the end of the day please make it yours: remove links that do not exist, add new ones, etc., so that it does look nice and friendly enough (but please no new images for the time being as long as we haven't got the CSS right).

Any questions? -&gt; drop me a note! 

Thanks a million, [[User:Stephane (Kiwix)|Stephane (Kiwix)]] ([[User talk:Stephane (Kiwix)|talk]]) 08:26, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
:This is to acknowledge your message with thanks. I'll review and comment later. Regards [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 07:54, 29 Oṣù Kẹta 2018 (UTC)

== #1Lib1Ref from The Wikipedia Library ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
[[File:1biblio1ref 1ori.svg|90px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – #1Lib1Ref'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;#1Lib1Ref is happening again in May!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: .9em&quot;&gt;
&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;1Lib1Ref, the annual campaign where librarians add references to improve Wikipedia, is coming back again this year, running from '''May 15th to June 5th, 2018'''.
*''Why twice?'' We heard from you a desire to run it again out of excitement, because May is not summer vacation for the southern hemisphere, and because Spanish Wikipedia's birthday also falls in May.  This is a great expansion of the event and it means that there is another opportunity to make Wikipedia more factual and verifiable by leveraging the expertise of librarians around the world.
*''How does this relate to the main campaign in January?''  We encourage librarians, community members, and affiliates to make 1Lib1Ref their own.  So whether we call this 1Lib1Ref May, 1Lib1Ref for the Southern Hemisphere, or 1Lib1Ref Strikes Back, the point is the excitement is building again, and we'd like you to be a part of it.
*''If I participated in January, do I have to do it again in May?''  It's entirely up to you, this is just another chance if you want to do more, or if you couldn't get around to January activities.  This is a pilot for us, too, so we'll see how it goes and discuss what we learned after the May campaign.
*''How can you get involved?''
**See updated dates and details at the [[m:1Lib1Ref|meta 1Lib1Ref page]]
**See the Spanish Wikipedia [[es:Wikipedia:1bib1ref_2018|campaign page]] for 1bib1ref
**Helpful multimedia (logos, videos, flyers, stickers) at [[commons:Category:1lib1ref|Category:1lib1ref (commons)]]

Sincerely,

On behalf of The Wikipedia Library Team --[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 08:40, 16 Oṣù Kẹrin 2018 (UTC)

&lt;font size = &quot;2&quot;&gt;For any questions or suggestions, please contact wikipedialibrary [at] wikimedia [dot] org. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global Mass Message]] tool to [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators/List global|The Wikipedia Library global coordinators list]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Hi Wikicology - its Artix kreiger ==

As you can see, I was locked due to personal request and blocked on enwiki for abuse of accounts.
I thought I pop by to share some experiences if you wish. let me know. Thanks [[Pàtàkì:ÀwọnÀfikún/70.21.184.216|70.21.184.216]] 01:12, 23 Oṣù Kẹrin 2018 (UTC)
:What experience? [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 01:21, 23 Oṣù Kẹrin 2018 (UTC)

::I recall a while ago, you said something that the whole experience with admins and arbcom yo be unpleasant. I was burned as well. [[Pàtàkì:ÀwọnÀfikún/50.243.70.217|50.243.70.217]] 02:11, 23 Oṣù Kẹrin 2018 (UTC)
:::I can't remember saying that and I'm not interested in discussing it. Sorry! [[Oníṣe:Wikicology|Wikicology]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Wikicology|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 05:49, 23 Oṣù Kẹrin 2018 (UTC)
::::Well, lets just say that I kind of know how you feel and I sympathize. [[Pàtàkì:ÀwọnÀfikún/70.21.184.216|70.21.184.216]] 13:05, 23 Oṣù Kẹrin 2018 (UTC)

== The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia Library owl.svg|30px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – Global Coordinators Meeting'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;'''May 2nd at 4:00 PM (UTC) (9:00 AM (PST))''' – You’re invited!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: .9em&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;color: #2979c3; font-size: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;'''To easily join, go to: https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.freenode.net/wikipedia-library '''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;
*The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting is a bi-monthly meeting held to improve communication and collaboration amongst all global coordinators and the TWL team.
*In this meeting it'd be great if you can present us with '''what happened in your branches in the past two to four months'''. That'll be our first agenda. And then we'll follow the set agenda like the previous meeting which will be shared with you during the session. 
*As always members from the TWL team at WMF will be there to help facilitate and answer questions. We are interested in hearing from you about what you’re working on and what’s working!&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style = &quot;font-size:3;&quot;&gt;'''''PS''': The '''publicly-logged''' meeting happens on IRC, in the channel #wikipedia-library on Freenode. KiwiIRC reveals your IP address. Please read this [[m:IRC/Cloaks|meta page]] and apply for a cloak in advance (preferably at least a week before) if this is an issue.''&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style = &quot;font-size:2;&quot;&gt;For any questions or suggestions, please contact avasanth [at] wikimedia [dot] org. Thank you, [[m:User:AVasanth (WMF)|AVasanth (WMF)]], via --[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 15:27, 27 Oṣù Kẹrin 2018 (UTC)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global Mass Message]] tool to [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators/List global|The Wikipedia Library global coordinators list]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== [[Nguyễn Chánh Thi]] ==

Hi Ọ̀rọ̀, sorry but I did not understand, do you want to delete the article above? (please see [https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ch%C3%A1nh_Thi]). Regards [[Oníṣe:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:DARIO SEVERI|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:28, 12 Oṣù Kàrún 2018 (UTC)
:No DARIO SEVERI, I do not want to delete it. I am currently working on porting AfD script here. See for example [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nguyễn Chánh Thi]]. Once I'm done I'll fix the page back. [[Oníṣe:T Cells|T Cells]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:T Cells|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 11:30, 12 Oṣù Kàrún 2018 (UTC)
:I'm not able to get &quot;{{subst:afd|help=off}}&quot; transluded.
I mean something like:

&lt;!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the discussion has been closed. --&gt;
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Skinny Dip (TV series)|timestamp=20180511231654|year=2018|month=May|day=11|substed=yes|help=off}}
&lt;!-- Once discussion is closed, please place on talk page: {{Old AfD multi|page=Skinny Dip (TV series)|date=11 May 2018|result='''keep'''}} --&gt;
&lt;!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --&gt;
Can you help? [[Oníṣe:T Cells|T Cells]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:T Cells|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 11:37, 12 Oṣù Kàrún 2018 (UTC)

== Adminship ==

Greetings,

I am requesting adminship on the Yoroba Wikipedia. Even though I'm I've only joined a few days ago (only on this wiki), I am an experienced editor (editing since early 2017). I've worked at the [[:pih:Wikipedia]] and [[:jam:Wikipedia]] I'm just asking for adminship, for only six months (where I'll work in the area of reverting vandalism), and improving stub articles. Thanks!
 [[Oníṣe:Jay Jay Marcus Keize13|Jay Jay Marcus Keize13]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Jay Jay Marcus Keize13|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:41, 19 Oṣù Kàrún 2018 (UTC)

== African politicians ==

Hoi, when I am finished, you can move all of them to a place of your choosing.. the best part is that if everything works out you will receive updates once a day based on the information in Wikidata. Thanks, [[Oníṣe:GerardM|GerardM]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:GerardM|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:11, 22 Oṣù Kàrún 2018 (UTC)
:It's fine. Regards. [[Oníṣe:T Cells|T Cells]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:T Cells|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:16, 22 Oṣù Kàrún 2018 (UTC)

== The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia Library owl.svg|30px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – Global Coordinators Meeting'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;'''June 28th at 2:00 PM (UTC) (10:00 PM Beijing (CT), 7:30 PM (IST), 7:00 AM (PDT), [http://www.thetimezoneconverter.com/?t=7:00%20am&amp;tz=San%20Francisco&amp; more time zones])''' – You’re invited!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: .9em&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;color: #2979c3; font-size: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;'''To easily join, go to: https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.freenode.net/wikipedia-library '''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;
*The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting is a bi-monthly meeting held to improve communication and collaboration amongst all global coordinators and the TWL team.
*In this meeting it'd be great if you can present us with '''what happened in your branches in the past two months'''. That'll be our first agenda. And then we'll follow the set agenda like the previous meeting which will be shared with you during the session. 
*As always members from the TWL team at WMF will be there to help facilitate and answer questions. We are interested in hearing from you about what you’re working on and what’s working!&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style = &quot;font-size:3;&quot;&gt;'''''PS''': The '''publicly-logged''' meeting happens on IRC, in the channel #wikipedia-library on Freenode. KiwiIRC reveals your IP address. Please read this [[m:IRC/Cloaks|meta page]] and apply for a cloak in advance (preferably at least a week before) if this is an issue.''&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style = &quot;font-size:2;&quot;&gt;For any questions or suggestions, please contact avasanth [at] wikimedia [dot] org. Thank you, [[m:User:AVasanth (WMF)|Aaron]], via --[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 15:53, 22 Oṣù Kẹfà 2018 (UTC)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global Mass Message]] tool to [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators/List global|The Wikipedia Library global coordinators list]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia Library owl.svg|30px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – Global Coordinators Meeting'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;'''August 30th at 2:00 PM (UTC) (10:00 PM Beijing (CT), 7:30 PM (IST), 7:00 AM (PDT), [http://www.thetimezoneconverter.com/?t=7:00%20am&amp;tz=San%20Francisco&amp; more time zones])''' – You’re invited!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: .9em&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;color: #2979c3; font-size: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;'''To easily join, go to: https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.freenode.net/wikipedia-library '''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;
*The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting is a bi-monthly meeting held to improve communication and collaboration amongst all global coordinators and the TWL team.
*In this meeting it'd be great if you can present us with '''what happened in your branches in the past two months'''. That'll be our first agenda. And then we'll follow the set agenda like the previous meeting which will be shared with you during the session. 
*As always members from the TWL team at WMF will be there to help facilitate and answer questions. We are interested in hearing from you about what you’re working on and what’s working!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style = &quot;font-size:3;&quot;&gt;'''''PS''': The '''publicly-logged''' meeting happens on IRC, in the channel #wikipedia-library on Freenode. KiwiIRC reveals your IP address. Please read this [[m:IRC/Cloaks|meta page]] and apply for a cloak in advance (preferably at least a week before) if this is an issue.''&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style = &quot;font-size:2;&quot;&gt;For any questions or suggestions, please contact avasanth [at] wikimedia [dot] org. Thank you, [[m:User:AVasanth (WMF)|Aaron]], via [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 15:18, 23 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2018 (UTC)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global Mass Message]] tool to [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators/List global|The Wikipedia Library global coordinators list]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Page improvement needed ==

Greetings, [[User:T Cells|T]]! You may have noticed my daily &quot;Wiki-gnomework&quot; edits to help improve the YO WP (without knowing the language). Today I sent you thanks for contributing to a [[Zainab Ashadu|recently created page]], and now I'm asking for your review there. I've written the particulars in '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀:Zainab Ashadu#Subject of page]]''', also alerting the page creator and its main contributor. Please pardon my writing in English here and there. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:04, 14 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2018 (UTC)''
:No worries Deborahjay. I commented over there. BTW.... Thanks for your contributions to Yoruba Wikipedia. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:Purple&quot;&gt;'''T Cells'''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:T Cells|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/T Cells|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/T Cells|email]])  14:54, 14 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2018 (UTC)

== Duplicate page ==

Please check whether these are duplicate pages for a single subject and need to have a merge/REDIRECT:
*[[Dúró Ládipọ̀]]
*[[Duro Ladipo]]
Thank you, ''-- [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 09:43, 15 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2018 (UTC)''
:Yes, they are duplicates. I have deleted [[Duro Ladipo]] per above. Thank you.  [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:Purple&quot;&gt;'''T Cells'''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:T Cells|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/T Cells|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/T Cells|email]])  12:56, 15 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2018 (UTC)

== Àdàkọ x 2 ==

Hello, [[User:T Cells|T.C.]] Please compare and decide which Template is better to keep in the YO WP:
* '''[[Àdàkọ:Infobox television]]''' (created by you on 25 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2018‎)
* '''[[Àdàkọ:Infobox Television]]''' (created by '''[[Oníṣe:Maarcis]]''' on 25 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2009‎)
** See the possible problem mentioned by '''[[Oníṣe:Demmy]]''' on '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Maarcis]]'''.
I made the Wikidata '''[[:d:Q5616006|interwiki link]]''' to your template, but that can be changed if necessary. I'll watch for your action. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 11:30, 25 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2018 (UTC)''
::Hello {{re|Deborahjay}}, the template created by Maarcis appears to be redundant. I have gone ahead to delete it. Thank you. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:Purple&quot;&gt;'''T Cells'''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:T Cells|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/T Cells|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/T Cells|email]])  11:49, 25 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2018 (UTC)

== The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia Library owl.svg|30px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – Global Coordinators Meeting'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;'''November 14th at 2:00 PM (UTC) (10:00 PM Beijing (CT), 7:30 PM (IST), 6:00 AM (PST), [http://www.thetimezoneconverter.com/?t=6:00%20am&amp;tz=San%20Francisco&amp; more time zones])''' – You’re invited!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: .9em&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;color: #2979c3; font-size: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;'''To easily join, go to: https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.freenode.net/wikipedia-library '''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;
*The Wikipedia Library Global Coordinators Meeting is a bi-monthly meeting held to improve communication and collaboration amongst all global coordinators and the TWL team.
*In this meeting it'd be great if you can present us with '''what happened in your branches in the past two months'''. That'll be our first agenda. And then we'll follow the set agenda like the previous meeting which will be shared with you during the session. 
*As always members from the TWL team at WMF will be there to help facilitate and answer questions. We are interested in hearing from you about what you’re working on and what’s working!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style = &quot;font-size:3;&quot;&gt;'''''PS''': The '''publicly-logged''' meeting happens on IRC, in the channel #wikipedia-library on Freenode. KiwiIRC reveals your IP address. Please read this [[m:IRC/Cloaks|meta page]] and apply for a cloak in advance (preferably at least a week before) if this is an issue.''&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style = &quot;font-size:2;&quot;&gt;For any questions or suggestions, please contact avasanth [at] wikimedia [dot] org. Thank you, [[m:User:AVasanth (WMF)|Aaron]], via [[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:02, 8 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2018 (UTC)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global Mass Message]] tool to [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators/List global|The Wikipedia Library global coordinators list]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== #1Lib1Ref May 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
[[File:1biblio1ref 1ori.svg|90px|link=The Wikipedia Library]] ''' The Wikipedia Library – #1Lib1Ref'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;As you might've already known, '''[[m:The Wikipedia Library/1Lib1Ref|#1Lib1Ref]]''' is happening again in May!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:The Wikipedia Library/1Lib1Ref|#1Lib1Ref]]''', the annual campaign where librarians add references to improve Wikipedia, is back for another round, running from '''May 15th to June 5th, 2019'''.
* Not every part of the world is in sync, more particularly the southern and northern hemispheres.  While the January version of the #1lib1ref campaign works well mostly for the northern hemisphere, it doesn't for the countries below the equator. Hence #1lib1ref May! This is a great expansion of the event and it means that there is another opportunity to make Wikipedia more factual and verifiable by leveraging the expertise of librarians around the world.
* While this campaign encourages participation from the southern hemisphere, we would love for you to join us even if you participated in the January campaign – after all, Wikipedia is only as strong as its references!  So whether we call this 1Lib1Ref May, 1Lib1Ref for the Southern Hemisphere, or 1Lib1Ref Strikes Back, the point is the excitement is building again, and we'd like you to be a part of it.

On behalf of The Wikipedia Library Team --[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:53, 14 Oṣù Kẹrin 2019 (UTC)

&lt;font size = &quot;2&quot;&gt;For any queries/clarifications and help with organising, contact fnartey{{@}}wikimedia[dot]org ([[m:User talk:FNartey (WMF)|Felix Nartey]]). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== #1Lib1Ref January 2020 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;color: #936c29; font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;
''' The Wikipedia Library – #1Lib1Ref'''&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:18px;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:The Wikipedia Library/1Lib1Ref|#1Lib1Ref]]''' is happening again from '''January 15th''' through '''February 5th'''!
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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From '''''January 15th to February 5th''''' we will be joining together around the world to make Wikipedia more reliable. You can participate in '''[[m:The Wikipedia Library/1Lib1Ref|#1Lib1Ref]]''' by simply adding a citation to Wikipedia's content!

That's all we ask and imagine: a world in which every librarian (or archivist, reference professional, and scholar) adds 1 more reference to Wikipedia. This is the fifth year of the #1Lib1Ref campaign and we couldn’t be more excited to support another year of activities.
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Full resources and guides for participating are available on the [[m:The Wikipedia Library/1Lib1Ref|campaign page]].

On behalf of [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] Team --[[Oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:MediaWiki message delivery|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 14:43, 14 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2019 (UTC)

&lt;font size = &quot;2&quot;&gt;For any queries/clarifications and help with organising, contact fnartey{{@}}wikimedia[dot]org ([[m:User talk:FNartey (WMF)|Felix Nartey]]). &lt;/font&gt;
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== Modupe ==

Eṣeun pupọ fun atilẹyin yin, afikun ati atunse [[Oníṣe:Kenogenic|Kenogenic]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Kenogenic|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 19:37, 22 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2019 (UTC)
:E seun sir. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:40, 22 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2019 (UTC)

==Àgbádárìgì==

Ekú dédé ìwòyí Adaarí wa. Ẹ jọ̀wọ́ ẹbá wa yí àkọ́lé yí Badagry padà sí Àgbádárìgì. Ìtàkùn tó ja sínẹ̀ ni yí:
https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badagry
Ẹ ṣeun púpọ̀. [[Oníṣe:Agbalagba|Agbalagba]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Agbalagba|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 08:47, 23 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2019 (UTC)
:{{done}} [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:08, 23 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2019 (UTC)
==Idupe kenogenic==

Mo dupẹ lọwọ yin pupọ fun atilẹyin ti Mo ngba lati inu ẹgbẹ yii o ti ni iwuri lati ṣe diẹ sii

==Ìtọrọ àyípadà àkórí==
Ẹ jọ̀wọ́ adarí wa, ẹ bá wa yí akọ́lé yí padà láti Apala sí Àpàlà. Ẹ ṣeun ìtàkùn tó ja sàbẹ̀ ni https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apala [[Oníṣe:Agbalagba|Agbalagba]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Agbalagba|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 11:17, 20 Oṣù Kejìlá 2019 (UTC)

== A reply to your messages ==

...is at '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay#Where have you been?|this link]]'''. ''Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:10, 24 Oṣù Kejìlá 2019 (UTC)''

== Àtúnṣe ori ọ̀rọ̀ ojú ewé tuntun ==

Ẹ jọ̀wọ́ oníṣe T Cell, ẹ bá mi ṣe àtúnṣe lórí àṣìṣe orí ọ̀rọ̀ yìí lójú èwe tí mo ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣẹ̀dá
https://yo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80t%C3%B2j%E1%BB%8D_Or%C3%BAk%E1%BB%8D_%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%80%C3%A0r%E1%BA%B9_Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0 Macdanpets 13:18, 16 Oṣù Kínní 2020 (UTC)
:{{Done}} [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 16:38, 16 Oṣù Kínní 2020 (UTC)

::Continuing! Kindly see '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀:Àtòjọ Orúkọ Àwọn Ààrẹ Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà#Possible duplicate page]]''' (in English for my behalf). Did you get a notice because I linked to your User name? I tried the &quot;ping&quot; template but didn't get results. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:13, 16 Oṣù Kínní 2020 (UTC)''

Ẹ kù dé dé àsìkò yí Alámòójútó wa. Ẹ jọ̀wọ́ ẹ bá mi ṣe àyípadà sí àkọ́lé yí láti ''' Epo Bẹntiróò'' sí '''Epo Rọ̀bì'' ìtàkùn tó ja síbẹ̀ ni : https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epo_B%E1%BA%B9ntir%C3%B3%C3%B2 .

Nígbà tí mo tún rọ̀ yin kí ẹ bá mi ṣe àyọkúrò &quot;Lesson Note&quot; nínú akọ́lé '''Àgbékalẹ̀ Ẹ̀kọ́''' . ìtàkùn tó ja síbẹ̀ ni : 
https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80gb%C3%A9kal%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_%E1%BA%B8%CC%80k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81_(Lesson_Note). Ẹ ṣeun pupọ̀. 
[[Oníṣe:Agbalagba|Agbalagba]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Agbalagba|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:43, 10 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:11, 10 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)

== Gallery images display too large ==

Greetings, [[Oníṣe:T Cells|T Cells]]! Here's a specific problem I tried to solve and failed. The two pages '''[[Ilé]]''' and '''[[Fèrèsé]]''' have image galleries copied from those pages on the English WP. However, here in the Yoruba WP the image displays are much too large. I'd appreciate your help fixing this. ''-- [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:25, 28 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)''
:{{done|fixed}} Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:51, 28 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)

== Àdàkọ ==

It would be helpful to have the '''[[:d:Q5573785|Template:Unsigned]]''' here in the Yoruba WP. This is something I don't know how to add, so I'm bringing it to your attention. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:04, 29 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)''
:[[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] try &lt;nowiki&gt;{{O kò tíì buwọ́ lùú|Username}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Please remember to replace &quot;Username&quot; with the user's real username. Please let me know if it works. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:20, 29 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)
::I strongly support using Yoruba naming for all types of pages. This template and its use are highly familiar to me, so I can always find the exact name via Wikidata (my translation go-to). And hey! maybe we'll never need to use it here again because ''all'' future contributors will always sign and date their comments ;-) ''-- [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 14:02, 29 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)''
:::I Completely agree that using Yoruba naming for all types of pages should be strongly encouraged. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 20:44, 29 Oṣù Kejì 2020 (UTC)

== How to promote this?  ==

As you may know, March is Women's History Month, so I used the [[:w:Category:Yoruba women in politics]] to create a &quot;Women in Red&quot; list for the Yoruba WP. (Yes, it probably already exists but I was in a hacking mood...!) For now it's at '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay#List of Yoruba Women in Politics (from en.WP)]]'''. Some questions for you:
* Would this interest the AOCED workshop participants?
* Does the Yoruba UG have a discussion page? 
* How can we promote this?
I already started going through the existing pages (links in blue) for my usual categorizing, DEFAULTSORT, format cleanup, etc. Let me know your thoughts. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:20, 5 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)''
::Hello Deborahjay, I am excited about this idea and I think the AOCED workshop participants would find it interesting. The Yoruba Wikimedians User group have a mailing list and you can also leave a message for the group [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yoruba_Wikimedians_User_Group here]. We can promote it on the participants WhatsApp group, social media and the likes. I apologize for my slow response. I have been terribly busy at work. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:49, 6 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)

== Coronavirus measures ==

&lt;small&gt;''Content originally posted at '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀:Àṣà Ìgbéyàwó]]''', moved here for discussion.''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Hello Deb, how are you? All schools in Nigeria would be closed by Monday. The Coronavirus pandemic is really serious. I hope you are doing fine. ... Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:17, 19 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)
:Doing well enough here, thank you. We seniors have already stayed at home all week by order of the Ministry of Health. Our kibbutz being a communally run village, neighborhood volunteers did our grocery shopping and the on-site medical clinic keeps its schedule with a family or children's doctor several hours a day and nurses with weekday shifts and home visits. So long as we have electricity I can maintain connections with family, friends, and of course WP. Our local Western Galilee He.WP users group had its first meetup yesterday on Zoom, with all seven participants! Plenty of editing to do at home. We mainly worry about the capability of Israel's overloaded public health system holding up to the demands on it, and especially the workers who have long hours and are starting to lack protective gear. Hoping all communities get through this as well as possible, and that we keep our humanity active throughout. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:53, 20 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)''

==Egypt==
I understand that there is no direct translation from Egypt to Yoruba but I feel that if you divide the syllables of Egypt E|gy|pt|, the E in egypt most sounds like the I in Yoruba, according to the IPA, g is most like j, and there is a p in the Yoruba language, but it is just pronounced like kp, like most Niger-Congo languages. I feel that it is better to properly and phonetically display the words since they are not of Yoruba origin. Its just like Chinese, words not native to Chinese are transliterated by corresponding the syllables of English to those of that are the closest to that of Chinese. Thanks, [[User:Oniwe|Oniwe]] 17:15, 24 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)''
::Sorry, I meant to say that ''p'' is pronounced as ''pk'' for example &quot;Ìrètí pípẹ́&quot;. There is no /p/ in Yoruba phonology. The phonemic representation of p in Yoruba language is /kp/. It's better left as &quot; Egypt&quot; in my opinion. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 17:27, 24 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)
:::Yes I understand, I could see that leaving as Egypt is better since its not really Yoruba. Thanks for the clarification. [[User:Oniwe|Oniwe]] 15:55, 24 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)

== Yoruba spelling of country names on pages and categories ==

Greetings, [[oníṣe:T Cells|&quot;T&quot;]]! I need your advice. Following [[Ọ̀rọ̀:Ìjíptì|the recent discussions]] of spelling [[Egypt]], I started making the related category name changes as you approved. Then at one point I looked at '''[[:Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Europe]]''' - where ''many'' (almost all! besides [[Georgia]] with the G...) page and category names are written with diacritic letters. My impression is that for now I should stick with biography pages and categories, where there is plenty of work for me. What do you think? ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:19, 25 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)''
:[[Oníṣe:Deborahjay]], I am fine with whatever works well for you. And let me know if you need any help from me. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 20:49, 25 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)

== Another vandal  ==

...from an IP address with &quot;three strikes,&quot; documented on [[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:177.130.255.3|IP account's talk page]]. I saw earlier that you performed a one-month block on the flag-switcher (repeat offender). I consider this one particularly offensive, so would appreciate your intervention. Thank you! ''-- [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 13:22, 29 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)''
:{{done|Blocked}}. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:32, 29 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)

== Empty template ==

A template created in 2017 seems to have been left empty. Not sure if it even has the right name. See details with suggested Wikidata link in '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀ àdàkọ:Ping]]'''. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:42, 30 Oṣù Kẹta 2020 (UTC)''

== Protection against IP vandals ==

Dear [[Oníṣe:T Cells|Admin:]] This same page... I wrote a particular suggestion on its [[Ọ̀rọ̀:Àkójọ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè òkèrè bíi ààlà ilẹ̀#Repeat vandalism|Talk page]]. If you know of something better, I'd like to see what works. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 10:42, 3 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)''
:{{done|Done}}. Thanks for bringing this to my attention. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#'ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 11:00, 3 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)
'''EDITED TO ADD:'''
''Here are'' my more specific but extensive points:
*Two pages are being repeatedly vandalized: 
** [[Àkójọ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè òkèrè bíi ààlà ilẹ̀]]
** [[Àkójọ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè lóde wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ìpapọ̀ ìtóbi]]
:My questions: 
* Can the ''pages'' be protected for editing only by registered users (not IP accounts)? ''(Besides blocking user accounts)''
* How to be sure that all the vandalism has been restored to the previous version having correct content?
:I only did a few individual ones when I noticed them because I don't have Rollback rights, which honestly I've only used on the Simple English WP and don't really understand. I feel obliged to keep raising this situation until it's cleared. Thank you! ''-- [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 11:43, 3 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)''
::{{Done|Done}}. But frankly, we cannot adequately fight vandalism on the project without the rollback tool. I don't even have it as part of my admin toolset because it's not localize here. I am going to start a discussion for it to be localized here and give admin the privilege to also be able to assign it to experience users who needs the tool to fight vandalism. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:02, 3 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)
:::Indeed! Recently &lt;small&gt;(08:59, 28 Oṣù Kẹta 2020)&lt;/small&gt;, [[:m:User:WhitePhosphorus|User:WhitePhosphorus]] of the [[:m:Small Wiki Monitoring Team#Members|Small Wiki Monitoring Team]] performed a [https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?target=WhitePhosphorus&amp;namespace=all&amp;tagfilter=&amp;start=&amp;end=&amp;limit=50&amp;title=P%C3%A0t%C3%A0k%C3%AC%3A%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn%C3%80fik%C3%BAn rollback of vandalism] on one of the targeted pages here. I believe recent increased activity in the Yo WP justifies its Admins getting better equipped with enhanced tools to streamline routine tasks in favor of focus on building the WP. ''-- [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 14:33, 3 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)''

== Duplicate page to delete ==

It took several repeat views of both pages during all this vandalism tracking, but I actually discovered something requiring valid treatment: that pair noted above are ''two pages'': highly similar names, probably identical content. Explained on '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀:Àkójọ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè òkèrè bíi ààlà ilẹ̀‎]]'''. Watching for your actions. ''-- [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 11:59, 3 Oṣù Kẹrin 2020 (UTC)''

== Hi ==

You deleted my article. [[Oníṣe:Tbiw|Tbiw]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Tbiw|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 06:28, 22 Oṣù Keje 2020 (UTC)
:Because Yoruba Wikipedia does not accept machine translation. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:29, 27 Oṣù Keje 2020 (UTC)

== Template needed ==

Greetings, [[Oníṣe:T Cells|T Cells]]! It would be useful to have '''[[:w:Template:Translated page]]''' on this WP. Are you able to add it here? I believe this is beyond my technical level, besides my not speaking Yoruba. ''-- Cheers, [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 19:30, 21 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2020 (UTC)''
:[[Oníṣe:Deborahjay]] I apologize for responding to this late. I'd create it this weekend. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:11, 25 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2020 (UTC)

== Wikiversity Yoruba Project ==

Ku ojo, mo fẹ pẹ ọ lati darapo mo iranlowo idagbasoke Wikiversity Yoruba bi ọ ṣe  duro lati jẹ ki ọ ṣee ṣe fun Wikipedia Yoruba darapo mo ise yi ko le ni aseyori. Fun alaye siwaju beere lọwọ mi ni oju-iwe oro mi tabi lo si oju-ewe ibeere fun ede titun ni ori Meta-Wiki.[[Oníṣe:Tbiw|Tbiw]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Tbiw|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 21:41, 31 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2020 (UTC)

== Patrollers right needed on yo.wikipedia ==

{{ping|user: T Cells}} We need patroller right here to help in patrolling articles.[[Oníṣe:Tbiw|Tbiw]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Tbiw|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 15:03, 12 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2020 (UTC)

== Chika Ike ==

Hi, I observed my article on '''Chika Ike''' was deleted. Please what was the reason?

== Weekly featured article ==

Hello Isaac. I hope you are doing well.  
I have reformatted the weekly featured article you edited containing the article [[Ìjìnnà-síra-ẹni láwùjọ]] here: [[Wikipedia:Àyọkà ọ̀ṣẹ̀ 42 ọdún 2020]] and will appear on the front page on week 42 starting on Monday October 12, 2020. The template {{tl|Ayoka Ose/8}} containing the aricle [[Genevieve Nnaji]] is a placeholder in case there is no new weekly featured article. The correct weekly featured article should take the form Wikipedia:Àyọkà ọ̀ṣẹ̀ X ọdún Y as above where X is the week and Y the year. I think we have enough good articles on the Yoruba Wikipedia now and maybe we can create a suggestion page for a new weekly featured article each week.  [[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:04, 11 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2020 (UTC)
:Thank you for this update {{ping|Demmy}}. I strongly believe that weekly featured article on the main page could help to promote readership and you are right that we now have enough articles on the Yoruba Wikipedia that we can create a suggestion page for weekly featured articles. Could you start the suggestion page and share the link with me? Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:10, 11 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2020 (UTC)
::Ok. I will do that. [[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 17:10, 11 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2020 (UTC)

== Translation request ==

Hello.

Can you translate and upload the article [[:en:Abortion in Azerbaijan]] in Yoruba Wikipedia?

Azerbaijan, along with China and Belarus, are the only countries in the world where abortion is legal until the 28th week (6th month). That is why, I think it is worthwile.

Can you also create the articles [[:en:Health in Azerbaijan]] and [[:en:Healthcare in Azerbaijan]] in Yoruba Wikipedia?

Yours sincerely, [[Oníṣe:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Multituberculata|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:37, 1 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2021 (UTC)

== Dove Cameron ==

I saw you edited the Wikidata page on Dove Cameron. Could you create a page about her in Yoruba Wikipedia? I also set the yo label at Wikidata about Bambi. Could Bambi have a page in this Wikipedia too? [[Pàtàkì:ÀwọnÀfikún/104.58.147.208|104.58.147.208]] 21:58, 16 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2021 (UTC)

:I created [[The Fox and the Hound]]. Can you add to it? [[Pàtàkì:ÀwọnÀfikún/104.58.147.208|104.58.147.208]] 02:17, 9 Oṣù Kẹrin 2022 (UTC)

== How we will see unregistered users ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=content/&gt;
Hi!

You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki.

When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed.

Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help.

If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]].

We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January.

Thank you. 
/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;section end=content/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

18:20, 4 Oṣù Kínní 2022 (UTC)
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== Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? ==

Hi! {{ping|User:T Cells}}

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

Please vote and encourage other editors of Yoruba Wikipedia to also vote.

Regards, [[Oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Zuz (WMF)|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 16:35, 11 Oṣù Kẹta 2022 (UTC)

== Articles about film directors ==

Hi! Check out the new version, please! I created an articles about [[Martin Scorsese]], [[Francis Ford Coppola]], [[Christopher Nolan]], [[Ridley Scott]], [[Alejandro González Iñárritu]] and [[Damien Chazelle]]. As examples, I took an articles about [[Clint Eastwood]] and [[William Shakespeare]] (in the case of English film directors). But I did not understand, in the Infobox person template I need to write &quot;director&quot; and &quot;present&quot; in English or in Yoruba? In the article about [[Clint Eastwood]] and other articles about directors, it is written in English, so I wrote it in English too. And what is the correct way to spell &quot;director&quot; in Yoruba? &quot;Oludari&quot; or &quot;olùdarí&quot;? Sorry for mistakes. [[Oníṣe:Nikolai Kurbatov|Nikolai Kurbatov]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Nikolai Kurbatov|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 12:51, 1 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2022 (UTC)
::None of the articles make a significant claim of notability and are still incoherent. I am going to delete them. Please do not recreate them. If they must have articles created about them, consider creating them on the English Wikipedia. AFAIK, you neither speak nor write in Yorùbà language. Please contribute these articles to language Wikipedia you speak fluently. Regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:56, 1 Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2022 (UTC)

== [[:Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ojúewé fún ìparẹ́ kíákíá]] ==

Hi, could you please review these deletion requests? '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' 03:46, 17 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2022 (UTC)
:{{done}}. Thank you @[[User:Rschen7754]]. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:14, 17 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2022 (UTC)

== Duplicate pages of Cleopatra  ==

Hello, Mr Isaac, thank you for your tireless contribution in building the Yo Wiki. 


I wish to bring to your notice that there are duplicate pages of Cleopatra on Yo Wiki with the name [[Cleopatra]] and [[Cleopatra 7k|Cleopatra 7K]] respectively. 


Can you please redirect one to the other? Preferably [[Cleopatra 7k|Cleopatra 7K]] to [[Cleopatra]].  [[Oníṣe:Marvelousola01|Marvelousola01]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Marvelousola01|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 11:33, 23 Oṣù Kàrún 2023 (UTC)
:{{done}} ẹ ṣeun. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:07, 23 Oṣù Kàrún 2023 (UTC)

== Invitation to Rejoin the [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/WikiProjectMed:Translation_task_force Healthcare Translation Task Force] ==

[[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|right|frameless|125px]]
You have been a [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/prior/index.php medical translators within Wikipedia]. We have recently relaunched our efforts and invite you to [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php join the new process]. Let me know if you have questions. Best [[User:Doc James|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 12:34, 13 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_translators/40&amp;oldid=25451578 --&gt;

== Translation request ==

Hello.

Can you translate and upload the article [[:en:Abortion in Azerbaijan]] in Yoruba Wikipedia?

Yours sincerely, [[Oníṣe:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Multituberculata|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:29, 28 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2023 (UTC)

== Deletion request ==
Dear colleague, this is the last remnants of cross-wiki spam: [[Mazedona Craquis]]. I guess you might want to eliminate it. [[Oníṣe:Андрей Романенко|Андрей Романенко]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Андрей Романенко|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:04, 18 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2023 (UTC)
:Done. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:10, 18 Oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2023 (UTC)

== Admin help required: inappropriate content in WP? ==

Greetings, [[Oníṣe:T Cells|Isaac]]! There is some irregular-looking content added yesterday and today to the page '''[[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:ThyGourd]]'''. True, this is not a mainspace page but a User talk page, but does it belong in the Yoruba Wikipedia? The contributor seems to be that same user, [[Oníṣe:ThyGourd]]. I didn't mark it for deletion. Your advice is appreciated. ''Cheers'' [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 18:26, 25 Oṣù Kejìlá 2023 (UTC)
::Season's greetings, Deb. It certainly doesn't belong here, and it does not seem like the user is here to contribute to this encyclopedia. I have blanked out the page and blocked the user indefinitely here. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:33, 25 Oṣù Kejìlá 2023 (UTC)

== Admin attention req: two active trolls today ==

[[:Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ojúewé fún ìparẹ́ kíákíá]] now has 9 pages, four from this morning! Two trolls using IP accounts created pages with offensive content (three in Polish language). I didn't take the time to send them warnings, according to the practice &quot;Don't feed the trolls...!&quot; Hope this catches you at a good time. Lookin' fine in Facebook! Best regards from [[Oníṣe:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Deborahjay|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 11:49, 3 Oṣù Kejì 2024 (UTC)

:Thank you, Deb. It was a good catch. I have deleted them all. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:52, 3 Oṣù Kejì 2024 (UTC)

== Blocked user is requesting review ==

Hello Isaac. This is {{ping|Demmy}}. I hope you are doing well.
A user @[[Oníṣe:Taoheedah|Taoheedah]] that you blocked is requesting a review. I am not aware of the issue with the user. Can you fill me in and if there is a possibility for review. Thanks [[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 20:02, 26 Oṣù Kẹrin 2024 (UTC)
:Hello @[[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] , thank you for this information. The event that resulted in the block of this user is [[Ọ̀rọ̀_oníṣe:Taoheedah#Àkíyèsí_pàtàkì_2|well documented]] here on [[Ọ̀rọ̀_oníṣe:Taoheedah#Àkíyèsí_pàtàkì_2|their talk page]]. Let me give you the chronology of the problems. I first learned about this user’s disruptive editing in 2022 when they were making some sloppy edits such as [https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asisat_%C3%92%E1%B9%A3%C3%B3%C3%A0l%C3%A0&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=551361 this] and [[Esther_sunday|this article]] (you can see that the mess remains there to date) and [https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8C%CC%80r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_on%C3%AD%E1%B9%A3e:Taoheedah&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=552220 left a note] on their talk page requesting that these articles should be fixed. This user completely ignored it, and continued the disruption. I assume good faith, with the hope that they are genuinely interested in the Yoruba Wikipedia community and become a productive editor if given a chance. A month later, another user (who is now an administrator), [[User:Agbalagba]], [https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8C%CC%80r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_on%C3%AD%E1%B9%A3e:Taoheedah&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=552315 left another message] on their talk page expressing concerns about their contributions. This was also ignored and the disruption continued. Four months ago, or thereabout, another user, [[User:‎Ọmọladéabídèmí99]] privately contacted them on the need to fix their disruptive articles/contributions, this user insulted her and in fact blocked her from contacting her ever again. The disruption continued afterward. Fast forward to last week. User:Agbalagba pinged her to another article she had edited, and asked her to fix her edits. Because she was not the one who created the article, but only edited the article, she was offended that she was pinged and claimed that she had been slandered. When I spotted that she never liked that she was pinged there by Agbalagba, I moved the discussion to her talk page, and in a bit to protect her from possible sanction when it was pretty obvious that they did not get the point, I [https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8C%CC%80r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_on%C3%AD%E1%B9%A3e:Taoheedah&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=585816 left a comment] on the discussion with the closing remark that “'''I believe that feedback has been given, lessons have been learned, and these would help you to improve. Let's get back to work.'''”. Sadly, this user again responded dismissively that they had not translated articles with machines without taking the feedback given by numerous editors and no actual commitment to fix their disruptive articles and edits were given. 

:When they were asked why they had translated  ... '''played as a midfielder for the Nigeria women's national football team''' as '''Elere naa ṣere fun team awọn obinrin''', they responded that since I was the one who identified the wrong translation, I should provide the correct translation. At this point, it was clear to me that they were not here to build an encyclopaedia, and the disruption would continue anyway. So, I revoke their editing privilege here, with a block. I left their talk page open with the hope that they would use it to appeal their block after a demonstration of understanding of the problem. They were using the talk page to cast aspersions and make unfounded accusations, including [https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8C%CC%80r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_on%C3%AD%E1%B9%A3e:Taoheedah&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=585851 calling me a &quot;bully].&quot; Thus, I revoked the talk page access and left the &quot;email channel&quot; open to hear their appeal over email.

:In conclusion, I am not inclined to unblock this user until they demonstrate comprehension of the issues and retract all baseless accusations made against me and other users. Furthermore, I firmly object to any administrator considering an unblock for this user at this time. If we must consider a future appeal, they must show a strong commitment to fixing their disruptive contributions and show how they plan to avoid the behavior that resulted in their block. Best regards. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:10, 26 Oṣù Kẹrin 2024 (UTC)
::Thank you very much for your detailed response. I will forward it to them and hope they are open to your suggestions. I assume they can still contact you by email. If they are to be unblocked it will be your decision. [[Oníṣe:Demmy|Demmy]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Demmy|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 09:19, 27 Oṣù Kẹrin 2024 (UTC)
:::Sure, thank you. Enjoy your weekend. [[User:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T Cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:T Cells|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:33, 27 Oṣù Kẹrin 2024 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin June Issue 2&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- Intended publication date: July 1, 2024 // covering period from June 17 to June 30 --&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'' Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the second half of June 2024. Please help [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/06-02|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
----
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''
[[File:Wikimania 2024 Gracanica Monastery illustration.gif|200px|right|link=diffblog:2024/06/26/register-now-to-attend-wikimania-katowice/|Wikimania Katowice]]
&lt;small&gt;''[[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
* Register now for [[diffblog:2024/06/26/register-now-to-attend-wikimania-katowice/|Wikimania Katowice]] (7–10 August 2024).
* [[mediawikiwiki:Editing_team/Community_Conversations#Next_Conversation|Editing team community conversation]] - [[phab:T359107|CopyVio Check]] and [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_check#5_June_2024|Real-time Checks]] (03 July 2024, in English)
* [[mediawikiwiki:Growth/Communities/Conversations#Next_conversation|Growth team community conversation]] - New tasks for newcomers and patrollers' burden (16 July 2024, in Spanish)
&lt;br/&gt;
'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:Wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language_and_Internationalization_Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on Mediawiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia_Hackathon_2024_-_Group_photo,_360_cam.jpg|200px|right|link=diffblog:2024/06/18/wikimedia-hackathon-2024-good-projects-and-good-people/]]
* [[diffblog:2024/06/18/wikimedia-hackathon-2024-good-projects-and-good-people/|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024:]] Good projects and good people!
* [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KV6USPRY7V2WST7KAWYF7XYVPU7OX3S2/|MediaWiki 1.42 general release.]]
* [[:mw:Community_Configuration|The Community Configuration extension]] is released to [[mediawikiwiki:Help:Community_Configuration#Deployment|more Wikipedias]].
* The Trust &amp; Safety Product team published the Incident Reporting System [[metawiki:Incident_Reporting_System/Minimum_Viable_Product_User_Testing_Summary|MVP User Testing Summary]] and a [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|project update]] on temporary accounts.
* Recent changes from the [[diffblog:2024/06/24/tech-news-2024-26/|latest Tech News]].
* Reference Check to be rolled out on all Wikipedias. Read [[diffblog:2024/06/17/references-check-encouraging-adding-citations-to-wikipedia/|the initial results]] from the Edit Check project.
* Concluded voting on Community Wishlist Survey [[metawiki:Community_Wishlist_Survey/Future_Of_The_Wishlist/Renaming#June_2024_Update|renaming]]; new name now ''Community Wishlist''.
* “[[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Apps/iOS_Suggested_edits_project|Add an image]]” suggested edit was released to [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia iOS app]] &amp; Donation through native GPay is now available on the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]].
* [[:diffblog:2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|Talk pages permalinks]] are now available at all wikis. 
* A new task force was formed to [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#A_brief_informal_early_June_update|replace the disabled Graphs]] with more secure, easy to use, and extensible Charts.
* Wikimedia Enterprise [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Enterprise#2024_-_Q2|Quarterly technical update]] focusing on machine readability, content integrity, and API usability.
* Proposal for a [[m:Product_and_Technology_Advisory_Council/Proposal|Product &amp; Tech Advisory Council]].
&lt;br/&gt;
'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* [[diffblog:2024/06/19/preserving-assamese-heritage-through-the-wikisource-loves-manuscripts-project/|Highlights]] and [[diffblog:2024/06/19/celebrating-achievements-and-future-plans-a-cohort-journey-with-the-wikisource-loves-manuscripts-learning-partners-network/|achievements &amp; future plans]] from [[metawiki:Wikisource_Loves_Manuscripts|Wikisource Loves Manuscripts Project]].
* Learn how to edit and upload to [[diffblog:2024/06/20/learn-how-to-edit-and-upload-to-wikimedia-commons-with-openrefine/|Wikimedia Commons with OpenRefine]]. 
* Watch the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_EUwdb9qyk&amp;list=PLhV3K_DS5YfJM2hhwoRY7MyFLx8XAIwfv recording of the 11th edition] of [https://wikiworkshop.org/ Wiki Workshop] where research sessions on topics like Disinformation, Reliability, Representation and Gender, Governance and Policy, were held.
* First edition of [[diffblog:2024/06/28/wikilearn-news-june-2024/|WikiLearn News]] released, highlighting opportunities and progress in the area of skills development.
* [[diffblog:2024/06/25/ld42023-iv-wikidata-tools-everyone-is-talking-about/|The WikiData tools everyone is talking about]] during the 2023 LD4 Conference on Linked Data.
*The Wikimedia Foundation has [[:mw:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|become a member of the Unicode Consortium]].
&lt;br/&gt;
'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Goals/Safety &amp; Inclusion|Safety &amp; Inclusion]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[wmfblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
* Evaluation of the [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Evaluation|U4C election results]] (ongoing)
* Building a public policy network from both sides of the Pacific: [[diffblog:2024/06/24/building-a-public-policy-network-from-both-sides-of-the-pacific-lessons-from-the-1st-global-wiki-advocacy-meet-up/|Lessons]] from the 1st Global Wiki Advocacy Meet-up.
&lt;br/&gt;
'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* Thoughts on the Wikimedia Foundation's annual plan from the [[diffblog:2024/06/19/newcomers-trustworthiness-and-privacy-priorities-from-the-japanese-wikipedia-community/|Japanese Wikipedia community]].
* Where is [[diffblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis?]] – a recap of sustainability work across the movement and at the Foundation for 2023. Foundation Sustainability metrics for 2023 also [[m:Sustainability#Reports|available on Meta]].
* The Wikimedia Foundation's revamped social media strategy is [[:m:Social media|available on Meta]].
&lt;br/&gt;
'''Board and Board committee updates'''
&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*Wikimedia Foundation Board liaisons published [[metawiki:Talk:Movement_Charter#Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_liaisons_reflections_on_final_Movement_charter_draft|reflections on final Movement Charter draft]].
*June 27 Conversation with Trustees [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/2024-06-27 Conversation with Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/2024-06-27 Conversation with Trustees]]: notes &amp; [https://www.youtube.com/live/DBgOvuMs-UA recording] including outcomes of the 20 June Board meeting and a discussion of the movement charter.
*Ratification vote on [[:m:Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] until '''July 9, 2024 at 23:59 UTC'''
*[[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board Selection]]: [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024|Candidates]] have answered [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates#Selected_questions|community questions selected]] by the Elections Committee.
*[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy|Affiliates strategy]]: Affiliate Health Criteria and changes to the User Group recognition process (''[[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy|feedback page]]'')
*Feedback on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] finished on June 23. The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/revised|revised version]] was published. Updates in July

&lt;br/&gt;
'''Foundation statements'''
*[[foundationsite:2024/06/26/wikimedia-foundation-statement-volunteer-processes-reliable-sources/|Wikimedia Foundation statement on volunteer processes on reliable sources]]

&lt;!-- '''In the media''' --&gt;
'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[:diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [[diffblog:tag/wikimedia-world/|Wikimedia World]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:en:w:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:de:w:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Education/News|Education]] · [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/06-02| Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/Archive|Meta]]. Let askcac{{@}}wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! 

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:00, 2 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27047765 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin July Issue 1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- Intended publication date: July 18, 2024 // covering period from June 30 to July 17 --&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=|class=skin-invert]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'' Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the first half of July 2024. Please help [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Bulletin%2F2024%2F07-01&amp;action=page&amp;filter=  Translate].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''
 [[File:Wikimania 2024 Goldhorn at Triglav animation.gif|200px|right|link=diffblog:2024/06/26/register-now-to-attend-wikimania-katowice/|Wikimania Katowice]]
&lt;small&gt;''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
* Registration for [[diffblog:2024/06/26/register-now-to-attend-wikimania-katowice/|Wikimania Katowice]] (7–10 August 2024) is still open. Register to attend in-person or virtually until 26 July.
* The call for presentation [[metawiki:WikiArabia 2024|submissions]] for the WikiArabia 2024 is open (until July 28).


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:Wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language_and_Internationalization_Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on Mediawiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* The Community Tech team launched a new, continuous '''[[diffblog:2024/07/15/share-your-product-needs-with-the-community-wishlist/|Community Wishlist]]'''. Wish submission [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist|is now open]] and can be filled at any time.
* Join the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Product_and_Technology_Advisory_Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC)]] as technical volunteers. Applications are open until August 10.
* A new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extendible Chart]]. You can [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart_Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
* [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/iOS_Suggested_edits#Add_an_image|add an Image]] feature on iOS Wikipedia app and more recent changes from the [[diffblog:2024/07/08/tech-news-2024-28/|Tech News]]. Read also other news in the [[diffblog:2024/07/02/tech-news-2024-27/|previous edition]].
* Dark mode - one of the most requested features [[diffblog:2024/07/17/dark-modes-bright-future-how-dark-mode-will-transform-wikipedias-accessibility/|will transform Wikipedia’s accessibility]] and is now available on select wikis, on mobile and desktop, in both reading and editing mode!
* [[mediawikiwiki:MediaWiki_Product_Insights/Reports/June_2024|MediaWiki insights]] into work done to improve security, ease of use, maintainability and overall code health. Also, a 25% increase in the number of authors who have committed more than 5 patches!
* Have you ever wished monitoring and fighting vandalism was easier from your mobile device? [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app|Edit Patrol]] is here to help.
* On the value of experimentation – [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|a Future Audiences perspective]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Equipo de Wikipedistas en El Salvador.jpg|right|alt=An image showing Ellie who was Wikicelebrated recently|thumb]]
*[[diffblog:2024/07/15/celebrating-ellie/|Wikicelebrate Ellie from El Salvador]], a passionate Wikipedia trainer, event organizer and someone who finds joy in seeing others grow.
*Growing visual knowledge on the Wikimedia projects – [[diffblog:2024/07/10/growing-visual-knowledge-on-the-wikimedia-projects-the-experiences-of-the-image-description-month/|the experiences of the Image Description Month]].
*Enhancing Learning with Ancient Manuscripts – [[diffblog:2024/07/11/wilmas-proofread-a-thon-enhancing-learning-with-ancient-manuscripts/|Wikisource Loves Manuscripts pilot project]] in Indonesia.
&lt;br/&gt;
'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety_%26_Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter  Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com  Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*The call for candidates for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election|special election of the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is open now until July 19.
*Protecting the Wikimedia model, its people, and its values – [[diffblog:2024/07/02/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-may-2024/|highlights from the Global Advocacy Team]].
*Reflections from the [[diffblog:2024/07/01/reflections-from-digital-rights-and-inclusion-forum-2024-drif24-a-conversation-with-wikimedians/|Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum 2024 (DRIF24)]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*[[diffblog:2024/07/12/funding-the-movement-key-takeaways-trends-and-lessons-from-fy23-24-community-fund-grants/|Key Takeaways, Trends, and Lessons]] from FY23/24 Community Fund Grants


'''Board and Board committee updates'''
&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees published [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/Board resolution and vote on the proposed Movement Charter|its decision]] not to ratify the draft Movement Charter along with proposed next steps ([[foundation:Minutes:2024-07-08|minutes]], [[foundation:Resolution:Draft_Movement_Charter_and_next_steps|resolution]], [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter/Appendix|appendix]]). 
*Movement Charter voting is closed. At the time of drafting, the [[metawiki:Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|scrutineers]] are working to ensure that all votes on the ballot are valid.


'''Foundation statements'''
* Wikimedia Foundation’s Accreditation to the World Intellectual Property Organization was [[foundationsite:news/2024/07/11/accreditation-world-intellectual-property-organization/|blocked for a fourth time by China]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [[diffblog:tag/wikimedia-world/|Wikimedia World]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreach:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Bulletin%2F2024%2F07-01&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Help translate]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/Archive|Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac{{@}}wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:19, 18 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27113772 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin July Issue 2&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;!-- Intended publication date: August 1, 2024 // covering period from July 18 to August 1 --&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'' Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the second half of July 2024. Please help [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''
 [[File:Wikimania 2024 Plitvice Lakes Black Queen animation.gif|200px|right|link=diffblog:2024/06/26/register-now-to-attend-wikimania-katowice/|Wikimania Katowice]]
&lt;small&gt;''[[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
* Where to from here? A [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation/Chief Executive Officer/Updates/August 2024 Update|message from Wikimedia Foundation CEO, Maryana Iskander]].
* The [https://wikimania.eventyay.com/2024/schedule/  program for Wikimania Katowice] (7–10 August 2024) is now live! [https://wikimania-tickets.eventyay.com/wikiorg/Wikimania/  Register now] to attend virtually!
* Are you speaking at Wikimania? Here are some [[wikimania:2024:Speaker_resources|resources for speakers]]. 


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:Wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language_and_Internationalization_Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on Mediawiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* The Foundation recently opened our first data center in South America. Read about [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|how it is already lowering load times]].
* Feature updates from the [[diffblog:2024/07/23/tech-news-2024-30/|Tech News]]: Stewards can now [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts; Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[metawiki:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]; and interface of [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as “Pending Changes”) is improved.
* Dark mode will [[diffblog:2024/07/17/dark-modes-bright-future-how-dark-mode-will-transform-wikipedias-accessibility/|transform Wikipedia's accessibility]]. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading#Get_involved_and_Contact|to find any hard-coded colors and fix them]].
* Measure the impact of Wikimedia Commons with [[wmdoc:generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html|Commons Impact Metrics]] analytics dashboard, [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API.
* [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|Key findings from user research]] about confusion in uploading images to Wikipedia.
* This month’s [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2024|Wikimedia Research Showcase]] highlighted the impact machine translation has on both content and readers of Wikipedia and provided interesting insights on how to overcome related challenges. Watch the [https://www.youtube.com/live/O7AqvHgqUVk?si=CnRpNymhpaDlmRhJ  recording].
* The Charts project officially kicked off. The goal of this new initiative is to restore basic data visualization capabilities to the wikis. Check out [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Chart/Project|the project page]] and follow our progress [[phab:tag/charts/|on Phabricator]].
* The [[metawiki:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on other wikis. This extension helps manage and make events more visible. Learn about [[metawiki:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|how to request this extension]].
* The Campaigns [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|Product]] &amp; [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation_Campaigns_Team|Programs]] teams have launched a [[metawiki:Campaigns/WikiProjects|consultation]] on WikiProjects and other forms of collaboration on the wikis. They want to understand why they work (or don’t work) for some Wikimedia communities, and they want to learn what can be done to improve the experience. Everyone is encouraged to share their [[metawiki:Campaigns/WikiProjects|feedback]].
* Are you a technical contributor? Check out the latest [[mediawikiwiki:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter.]]
[[File:A giraffe with a beautiful background of Nairobi City Skyline.jpg|alt=A giraffe with a beautiful background of Nairobi City Skyline|thumb]]


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*The Wikimania Core Organizing Team (COT) for 2025 is delighted to [[diffblog:2024/07/24/wikimania-east-africa-2025-in-nairobi-kenya/|announce]] that the 20th Wikimania will be hosted in [[w:en:Nairobi|Nairobi, Kenya]].
*[[foundationsite:our-work/wikimedia-projects/the-wikipedia-library/|The Wikipedia Library]] secured new partnerships with [https://www.ieee.org/  Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers] (IEEE), [https://ceupress.com/  Central European University Press], and [https://www.linforme.com/  l’Informé] and is [[diffblog:2024/07/22/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-april-june-2024/|adding more content collections]] in the library.
*Three new ''A Wiki Minute'' videos have been released which address [[c:Category:How_does_Wikipedia_protect_readers_privacy_%E2%80%93_A_WIKI_MINUTE|reader privacy]] and [[c:Category:Who_is_in_charge_of_content_on_Wikipedia_-_A_WIKI_MINUTE|content management on Wikipedia]], as well as how Wikipedia [[c:Category:What_makes_Wikipedia_different_from_social_media_platforms_-_A_WIKI_MINUTE|differs from social media platforms]]. Learn how ''A Wiki Minute'' videos have [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-a-wiki-minute-video-series-explaining-the-wikimedia-movement-one-minute-at-a-time/|helped increase awareness about our work]].
*The Committee Support Team [[diffblog:2024/07/25/the-committee-support-team-at-year-in-review-and-now-more-supportive/|year-in-review and reflections]].
*A new [https://wikipediapodden.se/asaf-bartov-wikilearn-274/  20-minute audio interview about the WikiLearn platform] with [[m:User:Asaf_(WMF)|Asaf Bartov]], in an episode of the [https://wikipediapodden.se/ WikipediaPodden] podcast.
*More of the [[m:Africa_Growth_Pilot/Online_self-paced_course|Wikipedia core policies curriculum]] developed for the [[m:Africa_Growth_Pilot|Africa Growth Pilot]] is available for review. After edits and improvements by the community, recorded videos would become a permanent core policies course on [[m:WikiLearn|WikiLearn]].
*One new wiki has been created: [[:wikivoyage:cs:Hlavní strana|Wikivoyage in Czech]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety_%26_Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter  Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com  Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*Voting period for the [[metawiki:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is open now until August 10. Learn more about [[metawiki:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voter_eligibility|voting and voter eligibility]]. 
*US Supreme Court ruling on NetChoice cases: [[diffblog:2024/07/23/us-supreme-court-ruling-on-netchoice-cases-what-does-it-mean-for-wikipedia/|What does it mean for Wikipedia?]]


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*Announcing the [[diffblog:2024/07/26/announcing-the-2023-2024-research-fund-grantees/|2023-2024 Research Fund Grantees]] and their funded projects.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''
&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*The outcomes of the June Board meeting are [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/June 2024 Meeting Outcomes|published on Meta]]. Agenda for the August meeting is [[foundation:Agenda:2024-08-05|here]].
*Welcoming new affiliates: Recognition of [[metawiki:Affiliations_Committee/Resolutions/2024/Recognition_of_Wikimedistas_Wayuu_User_Group|Wikimedistas Wayuu User Group]], [[metawiki:Affiliations_Committee/Resolutions/2024/Recognition_of_Wikimedia_Community_of_Togo_User_Group|Wikimedia Community of Togo User Group]], and [[metawiki:Affiliations_Committee/Resolutions/2024/Recognition_of_Wikimedians_of_Singapore_User_Group|Wikimedians of Singapore User Group]]. 
*The Board of Trustees selection [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Resources_for_candidates|pre-onboarding]] and campaign period is open from July 25 to August 26. 
*Foundation Trustee Dariusz Jemelniak was [https://eit.europa.eu/news-events/news/five-new-eit-governing-board-members-appointed  appointed] to the Governing Board of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, established as part of the EU’s key funding program for research and innovation. 
*Movement Charter voter feedback: All comments are now on Meta-wiki ([[metawiki:Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting/Results/Voter_comments_-_affiliates|65 comments from the affiliates voters]] and [[metawiki:Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting/Results/Voter_comments_-_individuals|447 comments from the individual voters]]). 


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [[diffblog:tag/wikimedia-world/|Wikimedia World]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreach:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin#Issues|Meta]]. Let askcac{{@}}wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:48, 1 Oṣù Ògún 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27214964 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin August Issue 1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- Intended publication date: August 15, 2024 // covering period from August 1 to August 14 --&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'' Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the first half of August 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----
'''Special Wikimania issue''' 
&lt;small&gt;''This is a special Wikimania issue of the Bulletin. We'll be back to our regular format in the next issue''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Hannah Clover at Wikimania 2024 (cropped).jpg|150px|right|link=diffblog:2024/08/07/meet-the-wikimedians-of-the-year-2024/| Hannah Clover (User:Clovermoss), Wikimedian of the Year 2024.]]
*Catch up on missed sessions of Wikimania Katowice or revisit your favourites directly from [https://wikimania.eventyay.com/2024/schedule/  the program], or review the day-long streams on YouTube: [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhV3K_DS5YfL7A2HXrpt8ZgnWlGjp0vIP  Day 1 streams], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYYQ-zBqY8s&amp;list=PLhV3K_DS5YfJ9Wvo43XRDbCC2dfhdS7BG  Day 2 streams], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRFuWtDKxwM&amp;list=PLhV3K_DS5YfJ1xyY0LNDNX3RKyRQEXOdB  Day 3 streams], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxdm_bsuQWY&amp;list=PLhV3K_DS5YfJdC5P86rsDsUtxEow0gDnR  Day 4 streams].
*[https://www.youtube.com/live/BI9R11gaWTM?si=GIuUFxyYo48ITCll&amp;t=5081  The Wikimedian of the Year Awards] at Wikimania paid tribute to amazing Wikimedians who have made significant contributions to the movement. Learn about all of [[diffblog:2024/08/07/meet-the-wikimedians-of-the-year-2024/|this year's winners]].
*Daily highlights from Wikimania: [[diffblog:2024/08/07/wikimania-2024-day-1-sessions-meetups-and-wikimedians-of-the-year/|Day 1]], [[diffblog:2024/08/08/wikimania-2024-day-2-the-next-generation/|Day 2]], [[diffblog:2024/08/09/wikimania-2024-day-3-spotlight-on-product-technology/|Day 3]], [[diffblog:2024/08/11/wikimania-2024-made-with-love/|Day 4]].
*[[metawiki:Coolest_Tool_Award#2024_Winners|Winners of the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award]] was announced at Wikimania.
*Highlights of [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|product and tech sessions on Wikimania]] with links to description and recording.
*The [https://wikimania.eventyay.com/2024/talk/LBDZPC/  Open Conversation with the Trustees at Wikimania] hosted breakout discussions about the Movement Charter, affiliate strategy and hubs, the proposal for a Global Resource Distribution Committee (hybrid table--had streaming and is available to watch back online), the Product/Tech Advisory Council &amp; Product/Tech priorities, building a sustainable revenue strategy for the movement: online fundraising, Wikimedia Enterprise and the Wikimedia Endowment, and responding to emerging threats to free knowledge: litigation, censorship, disinformation, and trust in an election year.
*Catch up on Foundation-led sessions from Wikimania on safety and information integrity: [https://wikimania.eventyay.com/2024/talk/YHNGTJ/  Protecting Children on-Wiki: a Child Rights Solutions Workshop], [https://wikimania.eventyay.com/2024/talk/ANQYUV/  Information Integrity during Elections: Collective effort to address mis and disinformation], [https://wikimania.eventyay.com/2024/talk/RYDHY9/  Policy Advocacy Showcase: Stories of policy advocacy work in the movement and future trends].
*[[foundationsite:news/2024/07/31/wikimania-poland-celebrates-global-volunteers/|Wikimania 2024 in Poland celebrates global volunteers]] who make Wikipedia and sister projects possible.


'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''
&lt;small&gt;''[[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Wikimania 2024 Wednesday PJ 73.jpg|200px|right|link=|Wikimania Katowice]]
*[[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024|Language Community Meeting]]: Have topics to share or discuss? Add agenda [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024|here]]. (August 30 at 15:00 UTC.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:Wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language_and_Internationalization_Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on Mediawiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*Two new parser functions and more recent changes on [[diffblog:2024/08/05/tech-news-2024-32/|Tech News]].
*Help us better understand [[:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProjects]] or similar online collaboration spaces. Fill out [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[metawiki:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]].
*Parsoid deployed on first production wikis and more updates on [[mediawikiwiki:MediaWiki_Product_Insights/Reports/July_2024|MediaWiki Product Insights]].
*Applications to join the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Product_and_Technology_Advisory_Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC)]] are extended until September 16.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*The 4th edition of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter]] (Aug 2024) is available.
*Reviving history and spreading the Spirit of Wikisource Loves Manuscripts (WILMA) in [[diffblog:2024/08/06/spreading-the-spirit-of-wikisource-loves-manuscripts-wilma-in-the-philippines/|Naga City, the Philippines]] and [[diffblog:2024/08/03/reviving-history-wilma-engages-youth-in-ancient-manuscript-transcription-in-yogyakarta/|Yogyakarta, Indonesia]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety_%26_Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter  Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com  Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum, Global Digital Compact, and Anti-Disinformation Repository: [[diffblog:2024/07/30/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-june-2024/|Highlights from the Global Advocacy Team]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [[diffblog:tag/wikimedia-world/|Wikimedia World]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreach:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin#Issues|Meta]]. Let askcac{{@}}wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:32, 15 Oṣù Ògún 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27276341 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin August Issue 2&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;!-- Intended publication date: August 29, 2024 // covering period from August 15 to August 28 --&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'' Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the second half of August 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-02|translate]]''&lt;/div&gt;
----
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''
&lt;small&gt;''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
* [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#30 August 2024|Language Community meeting]] (August 30 at 15:00 UTC).
*[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfYQ2sWROtR8jIGKEQaqPUraKqd2lTX61acSdU2Q73pn0wkbA/viewform  Cross-Regional Grantee Partner Learning Conversation Part 1] (August 31 at 07:00 UTC, in English, French, and Chinese Mandarin). 
* The [[m:Wikimedia+Libraries International Convention 2025|Wikimedia+Libraries Convention 2025]] will take place in Mexico City from January 15-17, 2025. The scholarship [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/624765?lang=en  application deadline] is August 31.
* [[m:ESEAP Hub/Meetings/8 September 2024|ESEAP Community Call]] (September 8 at 07:00 UTC).

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on Mediawiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* Highlights of the Product &amp; Technology department's recent work in [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|improving the user experience]].
* Editor tools related to references &amp; categories and more tech updates on [[diffblog:2024/08/20/tech-news-2024-34/|the latest Tech News]].
* [https://www.outreachy.org/  Outreachy] (a paid, remote three-month internship to support underrepresented groups in tech) is open. Mentors should submit projects before September 11 at 16:00 UTC ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/RYYOGLIJFXKZOSU4PAS2SBO7TWKRGYU4/  more info]).
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Campaign Events]] extension is now available on Meta-Wiki, Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested in other language wikis.
* The Campaigns teams would like to learn more about how your communities do online collaboration such as WikiProjects, please [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScKWHPjSjSqOmca8E-eQl1HHUxYRbB4QeEV3zR2bd1_tcwuMg/viewform  take this Google Form survey] or share examples of [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|successful collaborations on Meta Wiki]].
* Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
* Applications for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC)]] are still open until September 16.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*Central Asian community members share [[diffblog:2024/08/24/central-asian-community-members-share-their-thoughts-on-wikimania-2024/|their thoughts on Wikimania 2024]].
*Take a look at updates on new feature developments and improvements in various [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization#Projects|language-related technical projects]] in the July 2024 edition of the [[diffblog:2024/08/23/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-3-2/|Language and internationalization newsletter]].
*The [[m:Grants:Conference|Conference and Events Fund]] is open for submission until September 2.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter  Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com  Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*Meet the Wikimedia Foundation [[diffblog:2024/08/15/meet-the-wikimedia-foundation-global-advocacy-team/|Global Advocacy Team]].

'''Board and Board committee updates'''
&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*[[diffblog:2024/08/22/some-next-steps-on-a-movement-charter/|Some next steps on a movement charter]]: A message from Wikimedia Foundation CEO, Maryana Iskander, Chair of Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, and Chair of Governance Committee, Dariusz Jemielniak.
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|Elections]] for four community-and-affiliate elected seats on the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation will be held from September 3 to September 17. To learn more about the candidates, watch this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfbjhJiy41E&amp;list=PLhV3K_DS5YfJdC5P86rsDsUtxEow0gDnR&amp;t=6582s  short &quot;Meet the Candidates&quot; presentations].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [[diffblog:tag/wikimedia-world/|Wikimedia World]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreach:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-02|Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin#Issues|Meta]]. Let askcac{{@}}wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:06, 29 Oṣù Ògún 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27364928 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin September Issue 1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- Intended publication date: August 29, 2024 // covering period from August 28 to September 11--&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'' Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the first half of September 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/09-01|Translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
----
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''
&lt;small&gt;''[[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
* The Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is open until September 17. Go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote.
* [[m:Wikisource Conference 2025/Scholarships|Scholarship application for Wikisource Conference 2025]] in Bali, Indonesia is open until September 20.
* [[m:WikiConference Nigeria 2024/Scholarship|WikiConference Nigeria 2024]] will be held in Abuja, Nigeria from September 12–14.
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024]] will take place in Istanbul, Türkiye on September 20–22.
* [[m:Celtic Knot Conference 2024|Celtic Knot Wikimedia Languages Conference]] will take place in Waterford City, Ireland on September 25–27'''.'''
* [[m:ItWikiCon/2024|Italian WikiConference]] will be held in Padua, Italy on September 27–29.
* Join [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Onam 2024|Wiki Loves Onam]], a photo campaign dedicated to documenting the vibrant and colorful festival of Onam on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs until September 30.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on Mediawiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. [[phab:T370962|This]] is a planned [[m:Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes]].
* The Alternative Text suggested edits feature has now been fully deployed to production on the iOS App for Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, and French Wikipedias! This feature, part of [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#WE1.2|WE1.2]], is designed to enhance how newcomers add alt text to images, aiming to improve accessibility and engagement. For more details, visit the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|project page]] and explore the new feature in the app!
* Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualization can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help test the charts.
* A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia’s APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded.
* More recent tech updates from [[diffblog:2024/09/03/tech-news-2024-36/|Tech News]].
* The [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-06|latest status updates]] from Wikifunctions.
* [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|Help us find WikiProjects]] or other online collaboration spaces!


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* [[diffblog:2024/09/04/revamping-movement-strategy-grants-with-hub-focus/|Revamping Movement Strategy Grants]] with Hub Focus.
* Watch the recordings of Let's Connect Grantee Partner Learning Conversation: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMmCJe4lyRs  Conversation #1 with Wiki in Africa, Wiki Advocates Philippines, and Indic MediaWiki Developers UG] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddHt4opRpqg  Conversation #2 with Wikimedia Community UG Malta, Wikimedia MA UG, and Wikimedia Canada].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter  Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com  Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
* Wikimedia Foundation defeats gambling magnate’s [[diffblog:2024/08/26/wikimedia-foundation-defeats-gambling-magnates-lawsuit-in-germany/|lawsuit in Germany]].
* Wikimedia Indonesia and UNESCO Jakarta [[diffblog:2024/09/03/wikimedia-indonesia-and-unesco-jakarta-team-up-against-harmful-content-online/|Team Up Against Harmful Content Online]].
* Child Rights Impact Assessment at EduWiki Knowledge Showcase and more: [[diffblog:2024/08/30/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-july-2024/|Latest updates]] from the Global Advocacy team.
* Protecting the people: [[diffblog:2024/09/08/protecting-the-people-some-recommendations-for-safety-while-contributing-to-wikimedia-projects/|Some recommendations for safety]] while contributing to Wikimedia projects.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''
&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* The Movement Charter Drafting Committee published their [[diffblog:2024/08/30/recommendations-for-next-steps-from-the-mcdc-and-farewell/|recommendations]] and bid farewell.
* Read updates from the [[diffblog:2024/09/03/updates-from-the-july-2024-wikimedia-endowment-board-meeting/|July 2024 Wikimedia Endowment Board Meeting]].
* Learn more about 12 candidates running for 4 seats on the Board by [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Questions for candidates|answers to community questions]].
* See the new [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|members of the U4C]] following the results of the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election, a new decision making group that will enforce the UCoC in specific circumstances.


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [[diffblog:tag/wikimedia-world/|Wikimedia World]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreach:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/09-01|Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin#Issues|Meta]]. Let askcac{{@}}wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:40, 12 Oṣù Òwéwe 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27427202 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin September Issue 2&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- Intended publication date: August 29, 2024 // covering period from August 28 to September 11--&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'' Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the second half of September 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/09-02|Translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''
[[File:Wikimedia United Nations General Assembly 2024 Hero Image.png|alt=Wikimedia at the United Nations General Assembly HQ|Wikimedia event at the United Nations|thumb]]
&lt;small&gt;''[[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
* &quot;[[diffblog:2024/09/24/wikimania-katowice-coverage-travels-around-the-world/|Wikimania Katowice coverage travels around the world]]&quot; – a curated list of community and media coverage of Wikimania 2024. Over 100 pieces so far have been published about the event.
* [[m:Campaigns/Future of WikiForHumanRights/Regional Conversations/Home|WikiForHumanRights]] will lead a conversation about the future of the campaign with [[m:Event:Campaigns/Future of WikiForHumanRights/Regional Conversations/Africa|the Africa region]] on September 25 at 15:00 UTC.
* [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect|Let’s Connect]]: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc2ZlVtIB_sVsnuvJ7NogSJ9DHOWnafOnQg2RyjjpwvYLKPRw/viewform “Technology for Language Diversity in Wikimedia”] will take place on September 26 at 15:00 UTC.
* [[m:Wikisource Conference 2025|Wikisource Conference 2025]], the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfKU36artM5fVRFeG9GAZGhJSVFJKlACkywvE522fJ6zBf_nA/viewform deadline for scholarship applications]  has been extended to September 29.
* [[m:EU policy/Big Fat Brussels Meeting 9|Big Fat Brussels Meeting 9]] will be held in Brussels, Belgium from September 29–30'''.'''
* [[m:WikiConference North America|WikiConference North America]] will be held in Indianapolis, USA from October 3–6.
* [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference 2024]] will be held in Johannesburg, South Africa from October 4–6.
* [[m:3rd Wikimedia Technology Summit (WTS 2024)|Wikimedia Technology Summit (WTS 2024)]]: will be held in Hyderabad, India from October 4–5.
* [[m:ESEAP Hub/Meetings/6 October 2024|ESEAP Community Call]] will be held on October 6 at 07:00 UTC.
* [[m:Wikimedia+Libraries International Convention 2025|Wikimedia+Libraries International Convention 2025]] is accepting submissions until October 6.
* [[mw:Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/Community space/Conversations|The Language and Product Localisation]] team is hosting two office hours to discuss this year's plans and gather feedback from event organizers. The first session is October 5 at 16:00 UTC (Europe-Africa-Americas friendly), and the second is on October 6 at 03:00 UTC (Asia-Pacific friendly).

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on Mediawiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* '''MediaWiki Product Insights''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|latest edition]] includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more.
* '''Tech News''': Find out about the new automated [[m:Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page, the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and more [[diffblog:2024/09/17/tech-news-2024-38/|recent tech updates]].
* '''Wikidata Query Service''': [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|A new change to Wikidata Query Service]] will impact certain uses. The project will enter a transition period until the end of February 2025. For more details, visit the [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announcement page]].
* '''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ Enhanced Free API Accounts]: Recurring Credits and More Frequent Updates, [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ early beta release of Structured Contents in Snapshot API], and [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ early beta dataset release to Hugging Face].
* '''Wikifunctions''': [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2024-09-20 Status updates] from September 20.
* '''Wikipedia Mobile Apps:''' Over 20,000 images have been added via the &quot;Add an Image&quot; feature on both iOS and Android ([[phab:T372954|T372954]])!
* '''Knowledge is Human:''' Read about ongoing work on the 2024 iteration of the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation/Communications/Knowledge is Human|&quot;Knowledge is Human&quot; public awareness campaign]]
* '''Server Switch''': A [[m:Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully on September 25 with a read-only time of only [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|2 minutes 45 seconds]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* '''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': Watch [https://www.youtube.com/live/USzLGJ5LLC8 the latest showcase] with the theme of [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|Curation of Wikimedia AI Datasets]].
* '''Conference and Event Fund''': [[m:Grants:Conference/Updates/September 2024|Updates and changes to the Conference and Event Fund program]] beginning in September 2024.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
* '''UN Summit of the Future Action Days:''' Watch the [https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k11/k11syjqt72 Wikimedia event] titled &quot;[[foundationsite:advocacy/power-of-the-commons-unga-event/|The Power of the Commons: Digital Public Goods for a more secure, inclusive, and resilient world]]&quot; at The Summit of the Future. This is expected to result in a negotiated Global Digital Compact, which represents the final phase of our movement-wide [[m:Global Digital Compact Wikimedia Advocacy Collaboration 2024|campaign to impact the text of the Global Digital Compact]].
* '''Wikipedia and the Digital Services Act''': [https://wikimedia.brussels/wikipedia-and-the-digital-services-act-lessons-on-the-strength-of-community-and-the-future-of-internet-regulation/ Lessons on the strength of community and the future of internet regulation].


'''Foundation statements''' 
* [[foundationsite:news/2024/09/21/un-general-assembly-wikipedia-future-internet/|Ahead of UN General Assembly, Wikimedia Foundation calls on governments to ensure the future internet is shaped by communities for the public interest.]]


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''
&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [[diffblog:tag/wikimedia-world/|Wikimedia World]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreach:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/09-02|Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin#Issues|Meta]]. Let askcac{{@}}wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:10, 27 Oṣù Òwéwe 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27522678 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin October Issue 1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- Intended publication date: October 10, 2024 // covering period from September 26 to October 9--&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the first half of October 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/10-01|Translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''

[[File:WikiArabia Oman Clipart 6.svg|alt=WikiArabia 2024|WikiArabia 2024|thumb]]

&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

* [https://ae.wikimedia.org/wiki/2024:WikiArabia WikiArabia Conference 2024] will be held in Muscat, Oman, from October 25 to 27.
* [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2024|WikiConvention francophone 2024]] will be held in Québec, Canada, from November 2 to 3.
* [[m:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|AffCom, Case Review Committee (CRC) and the Ombuds commission (OC)]] are seeking new member applications from October 14.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''

&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on Mediawiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Tech News''': Updates on Dark Mode, Vector 2022 skin, CampaignEvents extension, and more on [[diffblog:2024/09/30/tech-news-2024-40/|tech news]].
* '''Translation suggestion:''' Sign up to participate in the test project, [[mw:Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists]], which will help organisers identify and add relevant content based on high-impact topics to their Wikipedia.
* '''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-26|Status updates]] from September 26.
* '''Wikipedia Apps:''' Check out the latest issue of the [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/Third quarter of 2024|Apps Quarterly Newsletter]]!


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''

&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''WikiWomen Summit''': [[diffblog:2024/09/27/event-summary-wikiwomen-summit-at-wikimania-2024/|Event summary]] at Wikimania 2024.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect|Let's Connect]]''': Watch recordings of the session [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1d6vGsmkWmQ Technology for Language Diversity in Wikimedia].
* '''WikiLearn''': [[diffblog:es/2024/10/03/wikilearn-news-september-2024/|The latest online learning opportunities]] created by Wikimedians for Wikimedians.
* '''Indonesia:''' [[diffblog:2024/10/08/training-for-indonesian-wikipedia-administrators-to-safeguard-knowledge-integrity-ahead-of-the-regional-elections/|Training for Indonesian Wikipedia Administrators]] to Safeguard Knowledge Integrity Ahead of the Regional Elections


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''

&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Mexico:''' [[diffblog:2024/10/06/wikimedia-foundation-files-amicus-brief-in-mexico-urging-continued-use-of-intermediary-liability-protections-for-user-generated-content-in-richter-v-google/|Wikimedia Foundation files amicus brief in Mexico]] urging continued use of intermediary liability protections for user-generated content in Richter v. Google.
* '''Paraguay:''' [[diffblog:2024/10/08/wikimedia-foundation-to-paraguayan-supreme-court-do-not-allow-people-to-abuse-the-law-to-suppress-legitimate-information/|Wikimedia Foundation to Paraguayan Supreme Court:]] Do not allow people to abuse the law to suppress legitimate information
* '''Global:''' Celebrating a legal victory in Germany against censorship, reflections on Open Culture strategic workshop, and [[diffblog:2024/09/23/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-august-2024/|more global advocacy updates]].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''

&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Board Governance''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/MJ6DHSM3SKPBPONNPFI3NU2IGQHVEUUF/|Update from Wikimedia Foundation Board Governance Committee]], a proposal to ask for help and co-creation in [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/mapping|Movement Charter Mapping Exercise]]. 


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''

&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [[diffblog:tag/wikimedia-world/|Wikimedia World]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreach:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/10-01|Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin#Issues|Meta]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:31, 10 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin October Issue 2&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- Intended publication date: 24 October, 2024 // covering period from 10 October to 23 October --&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the second half of October 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/10-02|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:WikiForHumanRight 2023 Logo SVG.svg|alt=WikiForHumanRights|WikiForHumanRights|thumb]]

*[https://www.fastcompany.com/91210242/how-wikipedia-is-staying-relevant-in-the-ai-era How Wikipedia is staying relevant in the AI era]: Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander talks about Wikipedia and AI in an interview with the ‘Rapid Response’ podcast.
*[[metawiki:Campaigns/Future_of_WikiForHumanRights|Wiki for Human Rights]] is organizing a call for South Asia, East, Southeast Asia and the Pacific communities to discuss the Future of WikiForHumanRights on October 24 at 10 UTC.
*[[metawiki:Event:CampaignEvents extension for Indonesian Wikipedia|Campaign Events tool]]: a call with the Indonesian communities will be hosted on October 25.
*[[mediawikiwiki:Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists project]]: an office hour with event/campaign organisers and contributors who use [[mediawikiwiki:Content translation|Content Translation]] tool will be hosted on October 26th. Visit [[mediawikiwiki:Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/Community space/Conversations|this page]] for more details.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': In issue [[diffblog:2024/10/14/tech-news-2024-42/|2024/42]], read about the removal of the Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow), work on making text searches easier, and more. In issue [[diffblog:2024/10/22/tech-news-2024-43/|2024/43]], read about improvements to mobile app navigation, temporary accounts pilot details, the [[:mw:Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments]], and more updates.
*'''MediaWiki''': The latest monthly [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki_Product_Insights/Reports/September_2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available and include updates on Wikimedia’s authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, and more.
*'''CampaignEvents extension''': The [[metawiki:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] provides tools to create, manage, and promote collaborative activities on the wikis, such as edit-a-thons, meetups, and more. You can visit the [[metawiki:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|Deployment page]] to learn how to get the extension on your wiki.
*'''Research:''' The Research team and collaborators are launching [[metawiki:Research:Wikipedia_Administrator_Recruitment,_Retention,_and_Attrition|new research on editors with extended rights]].
*'''New Content Translation feature''': Translators using Content Translation on wikis with mobile support can now customize their article suggestions with 41 filtering options. [[mediawikiwiki:Content_translation/Section_translation#Try_the_tool|This feature]] helps translators find relevant articles based on their interests for translation.
*'''Wikifunctions:''' We are collecting [[f:Wikifunctions:Project_chat#Feedback_on_the_%22About%22_widget_on_Wikifunctions|feedback on the &quot;About&quot; widget]] that shows more info about the functions. Also, status updates from [[f:Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2024-10-11|October 11]] and [[f:Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2024-10-17|October 17]].
*'''Temporary Accounts:''' Temporary accounts will begin rolling out on '''October 29''' to production wikis with an aim to do a complete deployment by May 2025. You can see the deployment plan and timeline on the [[mw:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts#September_2024:_Deployment_plan_is_ready!|project page]]. As we rollout this change, it is likely that some tools (gadgets, user scripts, templates and bots) will be impacted by it. We have a [[mw:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers#FAQ_for_developers|developer FAQ]]'' ''to help developers with making necessary changes to their maintained tool(s). Please let us know on [[mw:Help_talk:Temporary_accounts|our talk page]] if you have any tool in mind that may need updating or if you need help with updating your maintained tools.
*'''Knowledge is Human campaign:''' The Communications department has just launched [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation/Communications/Knowledge_is_Human|a public awareness campaign]] ([https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/knowledge-is-human/ landing page]) to showcase how real articles are edited and highlight Wikipedia as a source of information ahead of the [[:en:Wikipedia:Fundraising/2024_banners|2024 “Big English” fundraising drive]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Grants''': Announcing the [[diffblog:2024/10/09/announcing-the-newest-round-of-knowledge-equity-fund-grantees/|newest round of Knowledge Equity Fund grantees]].
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': Watch [https://www.youtube.com/live/61j55R7UZZA the latest showcase] with the theme of [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase|Wikipedia for Political and Election Analysis]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Latest transparency report''': The latest Transparency Report, covering the period from January to June 2024, is now live on [[foundationsite:about/transparency/|the Foundation website]]. View also [[diffblog:2024/10/10/the-wikimedia-foundations-latest-transparency-report-2/|highlights from the report]].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Board Elections''': [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Announcement/Results_(long_version)|Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] has been announced.
*'''Affiliates Strategy''': [[metawiki:Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate_Strategy_Updates|Implementation status of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/10-02|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:52, 24 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin November Issue 1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--Intended publication date: Nov 7 // covering period from to Oct 24 - Nov 6 --&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation over the first half of November 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/11-01|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Mārtiņš Bruņenieks.jpg|alt=WikiCelebrate Mārtiņš Bruņenieks|WikiCelebrate Mārtiņš Bruņenieks|thumb]]
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
* '''Commons Community Call:''' The first [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year will take place on November 21. The theme of this call will be about how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. The call will be hosted by Chief Product and Technology Officer Selena Deckelmann.
* '''Conferencia Justicia climática Perú 2024:''' [[:m:Conferencia Justicia climática Perú 2024|Conference on climate justice, indigenous voices and Wikimedia platform]] will be held in Huaraz, Peru from November 8 to 10.
* '''Affiliations Committee:''' [[m:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|Applications for joining the Affiliations Committee]] is open until November 18.
* '''Ombuds Commission and Case Review Committee: '''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|Applications for joining the Ombuds commission]] and the Case Review Committee are open until December 2.
* '''Language community meeting:''' A [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|language community meeting]] will be hosted on November 29, 16:00 UTC, discussing technical updates and problem-solving.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Advisory Council''': [[m:PTAC|The new Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) was announced]]. The PTAC will try to publish a set of community-validated recommendations that can serve as a potential 2-3 year blueprint for product and technical success.
* '''Wikifunctions''': The Abstract Wikipedia team is working toward a rewrite of our backend services in a different programming language, likely Rust. [[wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-01|More status updates]].
* '''Tech News''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|The Guided Tour extension]], which help newcomers understand how to edit, now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]; Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with potential features that [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|making it easier for readers to discover information on the wikis]]. More tech updates from tech news [[diffblog:2024/10/30/tech-news-2024-44/|44]] and [[diffblog:2024/10/22/tech-news-2024-43/|43]].
* '''Temporary accounts:''' Logged-out editors on 12 wikis, including Norwegian, Romanian, Serbian, Danish, and Cantonese Wikipedia, receive [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] now. This new account type enhances the privacy of logged-out editors and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. [[diffblog:2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection/|Read the new Diff post to learn more about temporary accounts]].
* '''Mobile apps:''' The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app’s navigation, now available in the latest App store version.
* '''Campaign Events Extension''': The [[m:CampaignEvents|Campaign Events extension]] is now live on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|two more wikis]], Wikidata and the Spanish Wikipedia.
* '''Admin Retention''': A survey on [[m:Research:Wikipedia Administrator Recruitment, Retention, and Attrition|Wikipedia Administrator Recruitment, Retention, and Attrition]] is open until November 11. As part of the Foundation's 2024-2025 Annual Plan, the research team and collaborators are studying recruitment, retention, and attrition patterns among long-tenured community members in official moderation and administration roles.
* '''Knowledge is Human:''' The [[foundationsite:our-work/knowledge-is-human/|campaign web page]], which educates visitors on Wikipedia’s model and why it’s trustworthy, has earned over 140,000 clicks. The campaign has increased pageviews on WikimediaFoundation.org by more than 50%.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''WikiCelebrate''': From making a minor maintenance edit in 2005 to being one of the most appreciated Wikimedians in the Central Eastern European (CEE) region: this month [[diffblog:2024/10/29/from-closing-tags-to-opening-collaborations-wikicelebrating-martins-brunenieks/|we celebrate Mārtiņš Bruņenieks]].
* '''Wiki Loves Earth:''' [[diffblog:2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/|Mountains, Birds and Lakes – Central Asia Edition]]
* '''Future of Language Incubation''': As part of a new [[mw:Future of Language Incubation|Future of Language Incubation]] initiative to support language onboarding, Wikipedia is now live for five languages: Pannonian Rusyn, Tai Nüa, Iban, Obolo, and Southern Ndebele.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Global Advocacy''': Reflecting on the anniversary of the EU’s Digital Service Act (DSA), Wikimedians share successes and public policy priorities at digital rights Global Gathering event, and [[diffblog:2024/11/04/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-september-2024/|more global advocacy updates]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''English Fundraising''': [[diffblog:2024/10/22/the-road-to-launch-wikimedias-2024-english-fundraising-campaign/|The Road to Launch: Wikimedia’s 2024 English Fundraising Campaign]].
* '''Fundraising Report''': Our [[m:Fundraising/2023-24 Report|annual fundraising report]] for the 2023-2024 fiscal year is published. Last year, we had over 8 million donors giving an average donation of m:Fundraising/2023-24 Report0.58. We ran campaigns in 33 countries, 18 languages, and received donations from over 200 countries.


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/11-01|Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin#Issues|Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:34, 7 Oṣù Bélú 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin November Issue 2&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--Intended publication date:  // covering period from Nov 7 to Nov 21 --&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation from November 7 to November 21, 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/11-02|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Wikimania.svg|alt=Wikimania logo|thumb|150px|Scholarships open for Wikimania 2025]]
* '''Conversation with the trustees:''' Speak directly with the Wikimedia Foundation trustees about their work at the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/2024-11-27 Conversation with Trustees|next Conversation with the Trustees]] on 27 November from 12:00 – 13:30 UTC.
* '''Wikimedia Hackathon:''' [[diffblog:2024/11/13/registration-is-now-open-for-the-2025-wikimedia-hackathon/|Registration is now open]] for the 2025 Wikimedia Hackathon which will be held in Istanbul, Turkey, May 2–4, 2025. 
* '''Language Community:''' [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|The next language community meeting]] will be held on November 29 at 16:00 UTC.
* '''Wikimania 2025:''' [[diffblog:2024/11/07/apply-for-a-scholarship-for-wikimania-2025/|Application for scholarship]] to attend Wikimania 2025 in Nairobi is open until the end of December 8.
* '''Central Asian WikiCon:''' [[m:Central Asian WikiCon 2025|The Central Asian WikiCon 2025]] will take place on April 19–20, 2025, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdcEkOAaScx42HW_xvo4Oi_y3ZM5IEQ9P_fln4-gVehxLmbrQ/viewform Applications to be part of the Program and Scholarship Committee] is open until November 30.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:WikiFunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Tech News:''' Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions; Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. Learn about the latest tech updates from tech news  [[diffblog:2024/11/04/tech-news-2024-45/|45]], [[diffblog:2024/11/12/tech-news-2024-46/|46]], and [[diffblog:/024/11/19/tech-news-2024-47/|47]].
* '''Wikifunctions''': [[f:WikiFunctions:Status updates/2024-11-13|Wikifunctions now has a new Type]]: [https://www.wikifunctions.org/view/en/Z19677 rational numbers]. They expand the ability to deal with numbers considerably, allowing us to work with fractions and decimals, and not just whole numbers anymore. [[f:WikiFunctions:Status updates|More status updates]].
* '''Temporary accounts:''' We are rolling out [[mw:Help:Temporary accounts|temporary accounts for unregistered (logged-out) editors]] for more wikis including Romanian, Serbian, Danish, and Norwegian Bokmål.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Language &amp; Internationalization:''' [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|The fifth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter]] is available. Some [[diffblog:2024/11/06/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-5/|key highlights]]: Mooré Wikipedia is live; Keyboard Layouts for Multiple Languages Added; New Projects Added to Translatewiki.net.
* '''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': Watch [https://youtube.com/live/oH0PCNIzF0E?feature=share the latest showcase] which looked at [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase| external factors that help different language versions of Wikipedia thrive]].
* '''Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2024/11/18/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-july-september-2024/|What's new]] in the Wikipedia Library?
* '''Tulu Wikisource''': [[diffblog:2024/11/19/welcoming-tulu-wikisource/|Welcoming]] Tulu Wikisource.
* '''CEE Meeting 2024''': [[diffblog:2024/11/19/central-asian-community-members-experiences-and-highlights-from-the-cee-meeting-2024/|Highlights]] from Central Asian community members at the CEE Meeting 2024.
* '''Let's Connect:''' Let's Connect Learning clinic on [[m:Event:Let's Connect Learning Clinic: Gender Sensitivity Training|Gender Sensitivity Training within Wikimedia communities]] was held on November 22.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Audit reports 2023-24:''' [[diffblog:2024/11/07/highlights-from-the-fiscal-year-2023-2024-wikimedia-foundation-and-wikimedia-endowment-audit-reports/|Highlights]] from the fiscal year 2023–2024 Wikimedia Foundation and Wikimedia Endowment audit reports.
* '''Wikimedia Enterprise:''' [[diffblog:2024/11/07/wikimedia-enterprise-financial-report-fiscal-year-2023-2024/|Financial report]] of Wikimedia Enterprise for the fiscal year 2023–2024.

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Board Updates''': The Board met in Katowice, Poland on August 5 and held its quarterly business meeting before Wikimania. Learn more about the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|outcomes of the meeting]].
* '''AffCom''': The Affiliates Committee has [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/2UUDICRTMP3KTCZLW6LW25MRM6ZZCMCK/|resumed User Group recognition work]] after a pause to improve the User Group recognition process.

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/11-02|Help translate]]'''

Previous editions of this bulletin are on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin#Issues|Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:18, 25 Oṣù Bélú 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27824573 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin December Issue&lt;/span&gt; ==

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[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our second November issue. This will be the final bulletin for 2024 and we'll be back in late January 2025 with the next issue. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/12-01|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt; 

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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Talking: 2024|Talking: 2024]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Kanguya Isaac 03 (cropped).jpg|alt=Chabota Kanguya Isaac|thumb|150px|Celebrating Chabota and his contributions to the movement.]]
* '''Wikimania:''' [[diffblog:2024/12/02/host-wikimania-2027-and-beyond-open-call-for-wikimedia-organizers/|Open call to host Wikimania 2027 and beyond]] is open until end of January 27 anywhere on earth.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Tech News''': [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart extension]] is now available on Commons and Testwiki; a new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[m:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. More updates from tech news [[diffblog:2024/12/09/tech-news-2024-50/|50]], [[diffblog:2024/12/02/tech-news-2024-49/|49,]] and [[diffblog:2024/11/25/tech-news-2024-48/|48]].
* '''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-27|WordGraph dataset is released]], which is particularly useful for abstract descriptions for people in Wikidata. [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-21|More status updates]].
* '''Wikipedia 2024 Year in Review:''' [[foundationsite:wikipedia-year-in-review-2024/|Wikipedia 2024 Year in Review]] launched, showcasing the collective impact of Wikipedia and Wikipedia contributors in the last calendar year. The iOS App also released a [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] to Italy and Mexico, with insights based on reading, editing, and donation history.
* '''Wikipedia Android App:''' The Android team has launched the Rabbit Holes feature in the final release of the year as part of [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Wiki Experiences|Wiki Experiences 3.1]]. Currently being tested in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, this feature suggests a search term and a reading list based on the user's last two visited articles. For more details or to share feedback, visit the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|project page]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''WikiCelebrate''': From Challenges to Change-Making: [[diffblog:2024/11/21/from-challenges-to-change-making-celebrating-chabota/|We Wikicelebrate Chabota Isaac Kanguya]], a passionate contributor from Zambia, whose journey through the Wikimedia movement embodies resilience, collaboration, and a commitment to representing underrepresented voices.
* '''Conference:''' Announcing [[diffblog:2024/11/26/central-asian-wikicon-2025/|Central Asian WikiCon 2025]] which will be hosted at Diplomat International School on April 19–20, 2025, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
* '''Campaigns and topical collaboration:''' The Campaign Product and Programs teams [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|published research on the needs of WikiProject and other topical collaborations.]]
* '''Wikisource''': The journey so far and looking ahead with [[diffblog:2024/11/25/wikisource-loves-manuscripts-the-journey-so-far-and-looking-ahead/|Wikisource Loves Manuscripts (WiLMa).]]
* '''CEE Meeting''': [[diffblog:2024/11/19/central-asian-community-members-experiences-and-highlights-from-the-cee-meeting-2024/|Experiences and Highlights]] by Central Asian Community Members.
* '''Partnership''': [[diffblog:2024/11/28/wikimedia-indonesia-and-google-join-forces-for-wikipedia-content-enrichment-in-indonesia/|Wikimedia Indonesia and Google Join Forces for Wikipedia Content Enrichment]] in Indonesia.
* '''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': Watch the [https://www.youtube.com/live/_hk6KLD-0tg latest showcase] which discussed AI for Wikipedia.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Ongoing litigation:''' Update on [[:en:Wikipedia talk:2024 open letter to the Wikimedia Foundation#2 December Update from the Wikimedia Foundation|litigation in India.]]

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Board Elections''': The Board’s Executive Committee shared [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/M4PFMZOTBRVE4OIMQ5JTORF5NGCBKYX3/|some thoughts on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]].

'''External media releases &amp; coverage'''

* '''Most popular articles:''' [[foundationsite:news/2024/12/03/announcing-english-wikipedias-most-popular-articles-of-2024/|Announcing English Wikipedia’s most popular articles of 2024]].
* '''Interview:''' [https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/jimmy-wales-on-why-wikipedia-is-still-so-good.html Jimmy Wales on Why Wikipedia Is Still So Good].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/12-01|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:03, 16 Oṣù Ọ̀pẹ̀ 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=27929949 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue in December 2024. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/1|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:WP20Symbols CAKE WIP.jpg|Ideas for Wikipedia @ 25 needed|thumb|150px]]

*'''Conversation with the trustees:''' Speak directly with the Wikimedia Foundation trustees about their work at the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/2024-11-27 Conversation with Trustees|next Conversation with the Trustees]] on January 30 at 14:30 UTC.
*'''Community Resilience and Sustainability:''' Join the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Conversation Hour 2025 01 30|conversation hour]] which will discuss Trust and Safety, the Universal Code of Conduct, Committee Support, and Human Rights on January 30 at 20:00 UTC.
*'''Annual Planning:''' Shaping Wikimedia Foundation’s 2025–2026 annual goals: [[diffblog:2025/01/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Key questions for the Wikimedia movement]].
*'''Central Asia Wikicon:''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central Asian WikiCon 2025/Submissions|Submission for sessions]] is open until March 22.
*'''Wikipedia is turning 25:''' We just celebrated Wikipedia's 24th birthday, and are already planning for next year's big milestone! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25|Share your thoughts]] on what you have in mind to mark the silver jubilee of Wikipedia.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikipedia App:''' iOS App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] feature, providing insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia.
*'''Design System:''' [[diffblog:2024/12/18/codex-year-2024-in-reviewkey-milestones-and-innovations/|Codex – Year 2024 in Review]]: Key Milestones and Innovations.
*'''Tech News:''' The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management directly on-wiki; The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months; Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. More updates from tech news [[diffblog:2024/12/16/tech-news-2024-51/|Dec 16]], [[diffblog:2025/01/14/tech-news-week-03-13-january-2025/|Jan 13]], and [[diffblog:2025/01/21/tech-news-2025-week-04/|Jan 21]].
*'''Wikifunctions:''' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-15|Wikifunctions shares their Quarterly planning]] for January-March 2025.
*'''Admin Research Report:''' The Research Team published their final [[m:Research:Wikipedia Administrator Recruitment, Retention, and Attrition/Report|report on administrator recruitment, retention, and attrition]] patterns among long-tenure community members in moderation and administration roles.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Equity]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Distribution of Funds:''' Next steps toward the creation of the [[diffblog:2025/01/14/next-steps-toward-the-creation-of-the-interim-global-resource-distribution-committee/|interim Global Resource Distribution Committee]].
*'''Wikipedia Library:''' [[diffblog:2025/01/13/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-oct-dec-2024/|What’s new in The Wikipedia Library?]] (Oct-Dec 2024).
*'''Conferences:''' Your Sneak Peak into the [[diffblog:2024/12/17/your-sneak-peak-into-the-9-approved-wikimedia-conference-proposals-for-2025/|9 approved Wikimedia Conference Proposals for 2025]].
*'''Wikimania:''' [[diffblog:2024/12/19/road-to-wikimania-nairobi-travel-essentials-tips/|Road to Nairobi:]] Travel Essentials &amp; Tips.
*'''Wikisource Loves Manuscripts:''' Meet-up in Bali: [[diffblog:2025/01/09/wilma-meet-up-in-bali-strengthening-the-manuscript-preservation-ecosystem/|Strengthening the manuscript preservation ecosystem]].
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase:''' Watch [https://www.youtube.com/live/gvF8p4r91NE the latest showcase] which looked at [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|Reader Attention and Curiosity.]]
*'''Resource Support Pilot:''' Join the discussion about shaping [[:w:en:Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request#We want to buy you books|a pilot project]] on the English Wikipedia that would fund small resource requests (like books) to support editors in improving content.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Global Advocacy:''' Wikimedians will promote cultural preservation and knowledge diversity at RightsCon 2025. [[diffblog:2025/01/17/wikimedians-will-promote-cultural-preservation-and-knowledge-diversity-at-rightscon-2025-tune-in/|Tune in]]!
*'''Mis- and disinformation''': Training on misinformation and disinformation prevention for communities in Indonesia: [[diffblog:2025/01/08/training-on-misinformation-and-disinformation-prevention-for-communities-in-indonesia-a-recap/|A recap]].
*'''December's Global Advocacy Newsletter:''' For quarterly insights into the internet governance and policy work the Foundation is doing, subscribe to [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter our Global Advocacy Newsletter]. You can see our [https://us11.campaign-archive.com/?u=7e010456c3e448b30d8703345&amp;id=e6f0776d39 latest December edition here].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Board of Trustees''': The Wikimedia Foundation welcomes [[diffblog:2024/12/19/the-wikimedia-foundation-welcomes-community-and-affiliate-selected-trustees/|community-and-affiliate selected trustees]] and the Board appoints [[diffblog:2025/01/22/wikimedia-foundation-board-appoints-lorenzo-losa-its-first-chair-elect/|Lorenzo Losa its Chair-Elect]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]:&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Topics''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]] · [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]] · [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Wikimedia Projects''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Regions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/XX-XX|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:58, 27 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28028810 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 2&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on 24 January. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/2|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''2025 reflections''': [[diffblog:2025/01/29/reflections-on-2025-from-the-wikimedia-foundation-executive-team/|Reflections on 2025]] from the Wikimedia Foundation's Executive team.
*'''Annual Planning''': [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#We want to improve the experience of collaboration on the wikis, so it’s easier for contributors to find one another and work on projects together, whether it’s through backlog drives, edit-a-thons, WikiProjects, or even two editors working together. How do you think we could help more contributors find each other, connect, and work together?|How can we help more contributors connect and collaborate?]]
*'''Let's Connect''': The next Learning Clinic will be about [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|WikiLearn Essentials for Course Creators: Building Community Skills Online Part 2]] on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdfspLA4vhstWm9fX8XfN4qIRO1Ai7gFB1lx80YRvU_RHJIpg/viewform February 13 at 16:30 UTC].
*'''WikiCredCon 2025''' will take place on [[m:WikiCredCon 2025|February 14–16]] in San Francisco, USA.
*'''Wikisource Conference''' will take place on [[m:Wikisource Conference 2025|February 14–16]] in Bali, Indonesia.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Future Audiences''': [[m:Future Audiences/Community discussions|Watch the recording]] for lessons from the short video experiments. A new Discord bot experiment as a way to interact with Wikipedia, the Future Audiences Discord server and future plans for experiments around how to use gamification.
*'''WikiProjects''': Bridging Knowledge Gaps: [[diffblog:2025/01/23/bridging-knowledge-gaps-rethinking-collaboration-through-wikiprojects-and-campaigns/|Rethinking Collaboration through WikiProjects and Campaigns]].
*'''Wikifunctions''': The newest sister project [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-29|now has 2000 functions]].
*'''Tech News:''' Editors who use the “Special characters” editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki; The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]] to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. More updates from tech news week [[diffblog:2025/01/27/tech-news-2025-week-05/|05]] and [[diffblog:2025/02/04/tech-news-2025-week-06/|06]].
*'''Product &amp; Tech Advisory Council:''' The council looked at data, needs and trends to make a recommendation for the Foundation's annual plan. They recommended that [[m:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|improving mobile contribution experiences]] has the greatest potential to bring in new and unheard voices onto Wikipedia and sister projects, and improve the experience of readers and contributors most widely. They are requesting [[m:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback and discussion.]]
*'''Structured Tasks:''' The &quot;[[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|Add an Image]]&quot; structured task is being tested on a representative sample of Wikipedias which allows users to add an image and an appropriate caption to a Wikipedia article.
*'''Talk page improvements:''' [[mw:Talk pages project/Usability|Usability improvements]] are being deployed on remaining wikis.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Language Preservation''': Empowering the Next Generation to [[diffblog:2025/02/03/empowering-the-next-generation-to-preserve-indigenous-languages-through-wikikata/|Preserve Indigenous Languages through WikiKata]].
*'''Resource Distribution''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BICNERLGSMRHSLSRTACHGDX5C7KQDB7F/|Call for candidates for the interim Global Resource Distribution Committee]] (GRDC) is opened. Apply until Feb 25.
*'''WikiLearn''': A new edition of [[diffblog:2025/01/28/wikilearn-news-january-2025/|WikiLearn News]] highlights how Wikimedia affiliates are leveraging this online learning platform to support the movement.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy Medium blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Diff policy articles]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Global Advocacy''': The Wikimedia Foundation has officially joined the [[ccorg:2024/11/01/creative-commons-launches-taroch-coalition-for-open-access-to-cultural-heritage/|TAROCH (Towards an Open Cultural Heritage Recommendation) Coalition]], a campaign run by Creative Commons that aims for UNESCO to release an official recommendation to improve open access to cultural heritage. The team also discussed how media freedom, Wikipedia, and AI connect at the United Nations (UN) Forum on Business and Human Rights; [[diffblog:2025/01/24/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-november-december-2024/|read more monthly updates from the Global Advocacy team]].
*'''Banner &amp; Logo Policies''': [[diffblog:2025/01/24/help-us-collect-examples-of-community-discussions-to-run-banners-or-make-temporary-logo-changes/|Help us collect examples of community discussions]] to run banners or make temporary logo changes.

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Welcoming new affiliates''': Recognition of [[m:Affiliations Committee/Resolutions/2024/Recognition of Inari Saami Wikimedians User Group|Inari Saami Wikimedians User Group]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/2|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:33, 10 Oṣù Èrèlé 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28234179 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 3&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on 10 February. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/3|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:DpgBadge.svg|alt=Digital public good logo|thumb|Wikipedia recognised as a digital public good.]]
*'''Wikipedia as a digital public good''': Wikipedia has [[diffblog:2025/02/12/wikipedia-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good|been recognized]] as a digital public good by the UN-endorsed [[w:en:Digital Public Goods Alliance|Digital Public Goods Alliance]].
*'''Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) Connect''': The first edition of this regional community call for 2025 will be [[m:Event:MENA Connect فبراير 2025|held on February 22]].
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase:''' The next showcase will be about &quot;Wikipedia Administrator Recruitment, Retention, and Attrition&quot; and will [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|take place on February 26 at 17:30 UTC]]. 
*'''Celebrate Women 2025''': The Gender Organizing community in the Wikimedia Movement hosts an annual campaign every March called [[m:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women]]. Conversation hours to learn about some exciting tools that can support your efforts at closing the gender gap will be held on [[m:Event:Celebrate Women 2025 Office Hour Series/Tooling Training|February 25 at 14:00–16:00 UTC]]. 
*'''Outreachy''': Wikimedia Foundation is participating in Round 30 of the [https://www.outreachy.org/ Outreachy program] that runs from June – August 2025. The deadline to submit projects is March 4 at 16:00 UTC . 


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Growth features''': The new [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|Community Updates module]] is a new feature to facilitate the connection between wiki editing initiatives and newcomers.
*'''Simple article summaries''': The Web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has introduced [[mw:Reading/Web/Content_Discovery_Experiments/Simple_Article_Summaries|Simple Article Summaries project]] on [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)/Archive_218#h-Simple_Article_Summaries:_research_so_far_and_next_steps-20250210151100|select Wikipedias]]. It aims to display article summaries that would be easy to digest for readers. 
*'''Language and internationalization''': Five new languages added to Wikipedia as part of the future of language incubation initiative. [[diffblog:2025/02/12/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-5-2/|Read more on the latest edition]] of the Language and internationalization newsletter.
*'''Tech News''': Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the Special:Homepage for newcomers. More updates from tech news week [[diffblog:2025/02/11/tech-news-2025-week-07/|07]] and [[diffblog:2025/02/17/tech-news-2025-week-08/|08]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Community Insights:''' The [[m:Community Insights/Community Insights 2024 Report|Community Insights 2024 report]] captures new insights on newcomers (who are more likely to be younger), their motivations (97% liked that their contributions help others), and how for the first time, more than half of respondents (51%) agreed that the [[m:Community Insights/Community Insights 2024 Report#The Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation communicates well]] about its projects and initiatives.
*'''Let’s Connect Learning Clinic''': [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKOpqEnm4lw Watch the recording] of WikiLearn Essentials for Course Creators: Building Community Skills Online session 1.
*'''Global Resource Distribution Committee''' '''(GRDC)''': Are you interested in improving how funds are distributed across the Wikimedia Movement? [[diffblog:2025/02/05/global-resource-distribution-committee-call-for-candidates/|Apply to be part of the interim GRDC by February 25]]. 


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Public Policy''': How Wikimedia projects advance a positive vision for the internet's future [[diffblog:2025/02/12/the-public-domain-digital-commons-and-digital-public-goods-dpgs-how-wikimedia-projects-advance-a-positive-vision-for-the-internets-future/|through the public domain, the digital commons, and digital public goods]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Enterprise:''' Wikimedia Enterprise has [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ partnered] with Ecosia, a Berlin-based search engine.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Brasil''': [[diffblog:2025/02/13/wikimedia-brasil-becomes-the-newest-wikimedia-chapter/|Wikimedia Brasil becomes the newest Wikimedia Chapter]]!
*'''Wikimedia Community User Group South Sudan''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Resolutions/2025/Recognition of Wikimedia Community User Group South Sudan|Recognition]] of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group South Sudan|Wikimedia Community User Group South Sudan]].
*'''Affiliations Committee''': [[diffblog:2025/02/10/shaping-the-future-insights-from-the-affiliations-committee-strategy-retreat-2024/|Insights about the future of the movement organization ecosystem]] from Affiliations Committee Strategy Retreat 2024.


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/3|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:13, 24 Oṣù Èrèlé 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28304046 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 4&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on 24 February. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/4|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:WIkimania 2025 Theme.jpg|alt=Wikimania 2025 Theme|thumb|Wikimania 2025 programming proposals are now open.]]

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Annual Planning''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Help shape our early-stage thinking]] around our Product &amp; Tech work and [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|provide feedback]] before budgets and measurable targets are committed.
*'''Global Trends 2025''': As part of annual planning, we identify [[diffblog:2025/03/04/global-trends-2025/|a list of global trends]] that will impact the Wikimedia movement, such as changes in how and where people search for and contribute information online, the rise of misinformation and disinformation in online spaces, and evolving regulation of online information providers.
*'''Wikimania 2025''': [[diffblog:2025/03/03/apply-now-to-speak-at-wikimania-2025/|Apply now]] to speak at Wikimania 2025 whether to lead a workshop, host a panel, present a poster, or showcase a tool demonstration. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/cfp Submit your session by March 31] anywhere on earth. If you're interested reviewing proposals for Wikimania 2025 and helping shape the program, you can fill out a [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/656959 short form to apply to be a program reviewer] by 17 March.
*'''WikiConference North America 2025''': Scholarship applications are now open [[wcna:2025/Attendance/Scholarships|until April 4]]. This conference will take place in New York City from October 16–19, 2025, under the theme “Wiki’s World Fair&quot;.
*'''Wikimedia Enterprise and Global Advocacy at SXSW 2025''': Wikimedia Enterprise is coming together with Creative Commons [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/sxsw-2025/ on March 9] for a day of conversations and panel discussions at SXSW 2025 that tackles the challenges of AI and the preservation and ethical development of open data. Global Advocacy is participating on a panel [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/wikimedia-foundation_sxsw-wikimedia-futureofknowledge-activity-7303428562341027840-HMhO/?utm_source=share on March 8], diving into conversations about the future of the internet.
*'''WikiCauserie''': The online bi-monthly meeting aimed at bringing together the French-speaking member communities of WikiFranca will be held next on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiFranca/WikiCauserie/Editions|March 21 at 18:00 UTC]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Datacenter Switchover''': All wikis will be in read-only mode for a few minutes for a [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-02-27/Technology report|datacenter server switchover]] on [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Upcoming Switches|March 19 starting at 14:00 UTC]] for up to 30 minutes.
* '''Tech News''': The [https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org] portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. More updates from tech news week [[diffblog:2025/02/25/tech-news-2025-week-09/|09]] and [[diffblog:2025/03/04/tech-news-2025-week-10/|10]].
* '''Wikimedia Recommendation API''': [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|We will be removing the recommendation API from the current offerings after March 31]]. This API is no longer used by newer versions of the Wikipedia Android Mobile application, which was its sole user.
* '''Wikifunctions''': We deployed and tested [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-26|one of our main milestones for this quarter]]: the ability to get the right Lexeme given a Wikidata Item, or, put simpler, to get the right word from a thing.
* '''Wikimedia Apps''': We are inviting users to help [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|improve Wikipedia mobile app's reading and editing experiences in offline or limited internet use]]. We will organize focus groups to discuss these experiences in more detail. Share your thoughts and help improve the app by joining the [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|discussion]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Women’s History Month''': Wikimedia Foundation is running a campaign to spotlight some of the Wikimedians working to close the gender gap on Wikimedia projects. The campaign, [http://wikimediafoundation.org/knowledge-is-her ''Knowledge is human. Knowledge is her.''], is aimed at reaching external audiences in Sub-Saharan Africa.
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': &quot;Gender Gaps&quot; will be the featured theme for the next research showcase [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|taking place on March 19 at 16:30 UTC]].
*'''Global Resource Distribution Committee (GRDC)''': The call for candidates is being extended [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Creation of the interim GRDC|until March 31]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Privacy and Transparency''': [[diffblog:2025/02/26/privacy-and-transparency-staying-safe-in-an-open-movement/|Finding the balance between privacy and openness to stay safe in an open movement]].
*'''Legal Victory''': The Wikimedia Foundation has [[diffblog:2025/02/21/legal-victory-in-germany-protects-the-wikimedia-projects-and-volunteers-from-forum-shopping/|won a legal victory in Germany’s courts]] that sets a legal precedent defending the Wikimedia projects and volunteers against &quot;forum shopping&quot;, choosing a court in a jurisdiction whose laws might be more favorable to them.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/pleias-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and French AI startup Pleias have joined forces] to show that structured, machine-readable knowledge can drive AI innovation while upholding openness, verifiability, and ethical development.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Ombuds Commission''': [[m:Talk:Ombuds commission#Announcing the 2025 Ombuds Commission|Announcing the 2025 Ombuds Commission]].
*'''Universal Code of Conduct''': [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Announcements#U4C Non-voting member appointed|Wikimedia Foundation has chosen to appoint Jacob Rogers, Associate General Counsel]], to the Foundation advisory seat on the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C).
*'''Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees''': The Board met virtually on 11 December to hold its quarterly business. See the most recent corporate actions taken on the [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard|Board Noticeboard]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

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'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/4|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:55, 10 Oṣù Ẹ̀rẹ̀nà 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28358976 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 5&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on 10 March. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/5|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimania 2025''': Program submission is still open until March 31. [[wikimania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Program|Apply now]] to speak at Wikimania 2025. 
*'''Research Fund''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia Research &amp; Technology Fund/Wikimedia Research Fund|2025 Wikimedia Research Fund]] is launching, inviting proposals from researchers aiming to advance free knowledge through Wikimedia projects. [[diffblog:2025/03/13/announcing-the-newest-round-of-the-research-fund/|Submit your proposal before April 16]].
*'''Central Notice Training''': [[diffblog:2025/03/17/learn-more-about-updates-to-the-central-notice-guidelines-by-joining-a-central-notice-requester-training/|Learn more about updates to the Central Notice Guidelines]] by joining a Central Notice Requester training [[m:Event:Central Notice Requester Training|on March 26 at 14:00 UTC]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Design System''': [[diffblog:2025/03/14/wikimedia-design-jam-introduces-codex-to-designers/|Learn more about Wikimedia’s Codex design system]] and how to use it while designing for Wikimedia projects.
*'''Tech News''': The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es&amp;wprov=wppw2 improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]; on Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced. More updates from tech news week [[diffblog:2025/03/10/tech-news-2025-week-11/|11]] and [[diffblog:2025/03/17/tech-news-2025-week-12/|12]].
*'''P&amp;T Annual Planning''': The Product &amp; Technology department [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|publishes its plans]] early in the annual planning process, which is on Meta-Wiki and [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|open for feedback]]. These [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Product and Technology Objectives|objectives and key results]] are not a list of projects, but instead, a set of directions for problems to solve and impacts to achieve over the course of the year. We look forward to engaging with the community on this plan.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Resource Support Pilot''': [[:en:Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request#We want to buy you books|The pilot project]] on English Wikipedia to fund small resource requests (like books) to support editors in improving content has moved to [[:en:Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request#Working on specifics|the next phases of the discussion]].
*'''Wikisource Conference''': [[diffblog:2025/03/13/wikisource-volunteers-reunite-after-a-decade-at-the-international-wikisource-conference-2025-in-bali/|Some highlights]] from the Wikisource Conference 2025 in Bali.
*'''ESEAP Hub''': [[diffblog:2025/03/20/eseap-hub-the-story-so-far-and-look-ahead/|Future plans for the ESEAP Hub]] one-year pilot project.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Litigation review''': [[diffblog:2025/03/14/2024-wikimedia-foundation-litigation-review-defending-the-wikimedia-projects-and-volunteers-in-court-and-shaping-the-future-of-the-internet/|Read key points of the Wikimedia Foundation's legal work last year]] to protect free and open knowledge broadly, and the Wikimedia volunteers and projects in particular.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Affiliations Committee''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/X7FQFUXRZ5JBLBNNA2GZY7XMWUOKPZDA/|Announcement of the 2025 Affiliations Committee Appointments]].
*'''Wikimedia MKD''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Resolutions/2025/North Macedonian affiliates|Recognition]] of [[m:Wikimedia MKD|Wikimedia MKD User Group]].
*'''Wikimedia Community User Group Burundi''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Resolutions/2025/Recognition of Wikimedia Community User Group Burundi|Recognition]] of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Burundi|Wikimedia Community User Group Burundi]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/5|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:38, 24 Oṣù Ẹ̀rẹ̀nà 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on 21 March. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/6|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Progress on the Annual Plan''': [[diffblog:2025/03/24/progress-on-the-annual-plan-six-month-snapshot/|Six-Month Snapshot]].
*'''Global Trends''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/Global trends and strengthening Wikipedia’s neutral point of view|A message from Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees]] on global trends and [[diffblog:2025/03/27/strengthening-wikipedias-neutral-point-of-view/|strengthening Wikipedia’s neutral point of view]].
*'''Wikimedia Hackathon''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|The registration]] to attend the Wikimedia Hackathon is still open until midnight April 13.
*'''Central Asia Wikicon''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central Asian WikiCon 2025|The Central Asian WikiCon 2025]] will take place on April 19–20 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Infrastructure''': [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|How crawlers impact the operations of the Wikimedia projects]].
*'''Tech News''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025; The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check’s goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage. More updates from tech news week [[diffblog:2025/03/24/tech-news-2025-week-13/|13]] and [[diffblog:2025/04/01/tech-news-2025-week-14/|14]].
*'''Wikifunctions''': Read the [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-28|latest status updates]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2025/04/02/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-january-march-2025/|What’s new]] from January to March 2025.
*'''Let's Connect Learning Clinic''': Missed the last Learning Clinic on &quot;Safe Spaces, Strong Voices: Advancing Inclusion through the UCoC&quot;? [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Recording is now available]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Transparency report''': The Wikimedia Foundation’s publishes its [[foundationsite:about/transparency/2024-2/|latest Transparency Report]] covering the period from July to December 2024. View [[diffblog:2025/03/31/the-wikimedia-foundations-latest-transparency-report-3/|highlights from the report]].
*'''Global Advocacy''': Read [[diffblog:2025/03/21/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-february-2025/|the latest developments on public policy advocacy]] from Wikimedia Foundation's Global Advocacy team.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/prorata-ai-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise Partners with ProRata.ai to Champion Sustainable Search Engine Practices].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Elections Committee''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/GN6N7INJGG7L6AFK63T27DGCXKR376AL/|Wikimedia Foundation Governance Committee has appointed a new Elections Committee]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/6|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:53, 7 Oṣù Igbe 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28457464 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on April 4. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/7|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Annual Planning and global trends''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Collaboration#Meetings, events and calls|Join one of the many conversations]] happening over April and May about how Wikimedians around the world are responding to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Collaboration|help shape the Foundation's annual plan]]. 
* '''CEE Catchup''':  Join the upcoming [[:m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 9 (April 2025)|global trends workshop for the CEE communities]] organized together with the [[:m:CEE Hub|CEE Hub]] on April 23 at 16:00 UTC, to discuss AI, NPOV, Wikimedia communities and more. 
* '''Neutral point of view''': [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends/Common global standards for NPOV policies|More information and an update]] about the work to strengthen Wikipedia's neutral point of view.
* '''Wiki Workshop 2025''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Register for the 12th annual Wiki Workshop]] taking place on May 21–22. It brings together researchers and scholars from around the globe who are interested in or actively engaged in research and development on Wikimedia projects.
* '''Learning Clinic''': The upcoming [[metawiki:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let’s Connect Learning Clinic]] is focusing on &quot;Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part 1)&quot; and will take place on April 29 at 14:30 UTC.
* '''Community Resilience and Sustainability''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Conversation Hour 2025 04 24|Quarterly Conversation hour]] taking place on April 24 at 18:00 UTC to discuss Trust and Safety, the Universal Code of Conduct, Committee Support, and Human Rights.
* '''Wikimedia Hackathon''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|The Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]] will take place on May 2–4.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-13|integrated with Dagbani Wikipedia]]. It is the first Wikimedia project that will be able to call and integrate functions directly into  Wikipedia articles. [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Read more weekly updates on Wikifunctions]].
*'''Edge Uniques''': [[:m:Edge Uniques|Introducing Edge Uniques]], a technical approach which consists of privacy-preserving first-party cookies that will enable usability testing of features through A/B testing, more accurate counting of site visits, and a way to stop distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) with better precision.
*'''Tech News''': The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29; Last week, the default thumbnail size was increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn’t previously possible due to technical limitations. More updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/04/07/tech-news-2025-week-15/|15]] and [[diffblog:2025/04/15/tech-news-2025-week-16/|16]].
*'''Outreachy''': Celebrating the excellent contributions from both interns and mentors in [[diffblog:2025/04/04/outreachy-round-29-internship-program/|Round 29 of the Outreachy internship program]].
*'''Developer Satisfaction Survey''':  The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]] are available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also a list of all movement events: [[m:Special:AllEvents|on Meta-Wiki]] · [[m:WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wiki Loves Monuments''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/04/08/redemption-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-monuments-2024/|Celebrating the winners of Wiki Loves Monuments 2024]].
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': Watch the latest research showcase featuring the theme of &quot;[[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|Motivation of Wikipedia Editors]]&quot;.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Digital Rights''': [[diffblog:2025/04/12/merging-ubuntu-and-digital-rights-in-africa-wikimedians-leading-conversations-at-the-digital-rights-and-inclusion-forum-2025-drif25/|Wikimedians leading conversations at the Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum 2025 (DRIF25)]].
*'''Community Resilience''': To better support community members when they are facing challenges while contributing to Wikimedia projects, the Trust and Safety team worked with the Arbitration Committees to create [[diffblog:2025/04/09/do-you-know-how-to-get-support-in-the-wikimedia-community/|Project Maps of communities]].
*'''RightsCon 2025''': [[diffblog:2025/04/11/wikimedia-at-rightscon-2025-key-takeaways-on-advocacy-and-inclusion/|Key takeaways on advocacy and inclusion]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/7|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|class=skin-invert|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:16, 21 Oṣù Igbe 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28559530 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 8&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on April 18. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/8|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Marking a transition at the Wikimedia Foundation''': [[:diffblog:/2025/05/06/marking-a-transition-at-the-wikimedia-foundation/|update from CEO Maryana Iskander]].
*'''Annual Planning''': We published the [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|draft Annual Plan]] for the coming fiscal year (2025-2026) which prioritizes work to respond to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends.]] Feedback welcome on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|the talk page]] and [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Collaboration|many other places]].
*'''WikiForHumanRights''': Join the information session for [[m:Event:2025 WikiForHumanRights Information Session|the 2025 WikiForHumanRights Campaign]] on May 9 at 16:00 UTC. 
*'''Youth Conference''': [[m:Youth Conference 2025|Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025]] will take place on May 16-18 in Prague. 


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''AI Strategy''': [[diffblog:2025/04/30/our-new-ai-strategy-puts-wikipedias-humans-first/|Our new AI strategy puts Wikipedia's humans first]].
*'''Tech News''': Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, now have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. More updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/04/21/tech-news-2025-week-17/|17]] and [[diffblog:2025/04/28/tech-news-2025-week-18/|18]].
*'''Abstract Wikipedia selected as a grant finalist''': Abstract Wikipedia has been selected by the MacArthur Foundation as [[diffblog:2025/04/30/abstract-wikipedia-is-a-100change-finalist/|one of five finalists for their 100&amp;Change competition]]. The winner will be announced in late 2025.
*'''Language and Internationalization''': Read some key highlights from [[diffblog:2025/04/24/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-7/|the April 2025 edition of the Language and internationalization newsletter]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]] · [[m:WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimania''': [[diffblog:2025/04/23/announcing-the-wikimania-2025-location/|Wikimania 2025 will be held in the Nairobi neighborhood of Gigiri]] and will host a special one-off [[diffblog:2025/05/01/convening-users-with-extended-rights-to-discuss-safety-privacy-and-tools-during-wikimania-2025/|preconference day for users with extended rights]].
*'''Learning Clinic''': The recent [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] was about &quot;Exploring Diff Blog: Sharing your story, &amp; understanding Technical Implementation&quot; and took place on May 6 at 12:00 UTC.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Data privacy''': Arguing for data privacy and safety of internet users worldwide: [[diffblog:2025/04/25/arguing-for-data-privacy-and-safety-of-internet-users-worldwide-our-amicus-brief-in-the-snap-v-pina-lawsuit/|Our amicus brief in the Snap v. Pina lawsuit]].
*'''World Press Freedom Day''': We will be advocating for Wikimedia's model and speaking about &quot;Information as a Public Good in the Age of AI&quot; for [https://www.unesco.org/en/press-freedom/programme-2025?hub=66704 UNESCO's World Press Freedom Day] event in Brussels.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Reports|quarterly Metrics Reports]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Risk preparedness:''' We shared the Foundation's approach to [[:diffblog:/2025/05/02/risk-preparedness-in-the-foundations-annual-plan/|risk preparedness as part of the annual plan]].
*'''Financial Report''': [[diffblog:2025/04/29/takeaways-from-the-wikimedia-foundations-form-990-for-fiscal-year-2023-2024/|Takeaways from the Wikimedia Foundation's Form 990 for fiscal year 2023-2024]].
*'''Annual Report''': The Foundation published the Annual Reports for both the [[foundationsite:annualreports/2023-2024-annual-report/|Wikimedia Foundation]] and the [https://wikimediaendowment.org/annualreports/2023-2024-annual-report Wikimedia Endowment]. These reports highlight the impact of work done by our global community of volunteers, staff, and donors over the past year. 


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Board and Board committee updates''': The Board met in in March to hold its quarterly business meeting and joined other meetings as part of the Wikimedia Foundation's annual strategic planning. See the most recent actions and updates on the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Board Noticeboard]].
*'''Wikimedians of Chicago User Group''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Resolutions/2025/Recognition of Wikimedians of Chicago User Group|Recognition]] of [[m:Wikimedians of Chicago User Group|Wikimedians of Chicago User Group]].
*'''Affcom News''': Read [[m:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|the latest issue of AffCom News (January-March 2025)]], the newsletter that distributes relevant news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. 
*'''Elections Committee update:''' [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025#Proposed rules|Review and comment on the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules]] for the upcoming 2025 selection process. The deadline is May 15 at 23:59 AoE.


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/8|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|class=skin-invert|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:00, 6 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28664042 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 9&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on 6 May. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/9|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Global Trends Community Workshop''': Join Foundation staff and trustees on [[m:Event:Global Trends Community Workshop|May 28th from 16:00 UTC]] for an online community workshop about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends impacting Wikimedia]]. This workshop is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Collaboration|continuous conversations]] aimed at connecting the movement and collaborating on the Foundation's annual plan.
*'''Wiki Causerie''': [[m:WikiFranca/WikiCauserie/Editions|Wiki Causerie]] call with a focus on discussing the global trends to help shape the Foundation's annual plan will be held on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Collaboration#Meetings, events and calls|May 23]].
*'''ESEAP Summit''': The [[m:ESEAP Strategy Summit 2025|ESEAP Strategy Summit 2025]] will take place in Manila, Philippines on May 23–25.
*'''EduWiki Conference 2025''': The [[m:EduWiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Conference 2025]] will take place in Bogotá, Colombia on May 30–June 1.
*'''Wiki Workshop 2025''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|The 12th annual Wiki Workshop]] will take place online on May 21–22.
*'''U4C Call for Candidates''': The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee 2025 elections]] are accepting candidates until May 28.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Content Translation''': A decade of consistent improvements to the [[diffblog:2025/05/08/a-decade-of-consistent-improvements-to-the-content-translation-tool-yields-over-two-million-wikipedia-articles/|Content Translation tool]] yields over two million Wikipedia articles.
*'''Charts Extension''': After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment. Please consult [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki.
*'''Abstract Wikipedia''': [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-09|Where Abstract Wikipedia fits into the new Wikimedia AI strategy]].
*'''Tech News''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|“Get shortened URL”]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. More updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/05/06/tech-news-2025-week-19/|19]] and [[diffblog:2025/05/12/tech-news-2025-week-20/|20]].
*'''Topical Lists''': Read about [[diffblog:2025/05/06/the-list-effect-how-organized-information-drives-wikipedia-growth/|the important role of topical lists]] in supporting campaigns and editing, as well as strategies for the future development, implementation, and sustainment of list-building support.
*'''Two-factor Authentication''': From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with [[w:en:Multi-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Read the announcement]].
*'''Mobile Apps''': The iOS app team is experimenting with an &quot;[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity Tab]]&quot; on Turkish, Spanish, French, and Chinese Wikipedias to see if inviting new editors to add images through Suggested Edits increases engagement. This insight will guide future improvements to the app experience.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]] · [[m:WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Learning Clinic''': The next [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will be about &quot;Communication and Cultural Sensitivity in Conflict Resolution - Best practices (Part 2)&quot; and will take place on May 27 at 13:00 UTC.
*'''The Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2025/05/07/the-wikipedia-library-a-million-links-and-beyond/|An important milestone for The Wikipedia Library (TWL) has been reached]]. More than a million links have been added to Wikimedia projects by Library users.
*'''Wikisource''': [[diffblog:2025/05/13/wikisource-preserving-the-past-for-the-future/|Watch the video celebrating the global Wikisource community]] in safeguarding our cultural heritage for future generations.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''India Legal Update''': [[w:en:Special:Permalink/1290423136#c-JSutherland_(WMF)-20250509212200-JSutherland_(WMF)-20250502175300|Good news from our legal team]], the Supreme Court of India set aside the Delhi High Court’s order directing the takedown of the [[w:en:Asian News International vs. Wikimedia Foundation|''Asian News International v. Wikimedia Foundation'' English Wikipedia article]]. [https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2025/2483/2483_2025_4_1501_61678_Judgement_09-May-2025.pdf The Supreme Court’s verdict] upholds the right to report and share information on matters of public interest, including legal proceedings in open courts.
*'''UK Legal Challenge''': [[diffblog:2025/05/08/wikimedia-foundation-brings-legal-challenge-to-new-uk-online-safety-act-requirements/|Wikimedia Foundation brings legal challenge to new UK Online Safety Act requirements]].
*'''UCoC Updates''': The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025|Universal Code of Conduct 2025 annual review]] concluded, with community voting approving the proposed changes to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter.


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/9|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 20 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on 16 May. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/10|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Colorful_Acacia_Tree.png|right|250px]]

*'''Wikimania''': [[diffblog:2025/05/27/register-now-to-attend-wikimania-nairobi/|Register now to attend Wikimania Nairobi]]! Registration for the in-person event will be open until July 13 or while places remain. For joining virtually, you will be able to register at any time.
*'''Let's Connect''': The next Let's Connect Learning Clinic will focus on &quot;1Lib1Ref: Tools, Tactics and Innovation&quot;. The session will take place on [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|June 5 at 15:00 UTC]].
*'''U4C Call for Candidates''': The voting period for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee 2025]] is open from June 3 to June 17 at 12:00 UTC.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': The Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]] to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments; The Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. More updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/05/19/tech-news-2025-week-21/|21]] and [[diffblog:2025/05/26/tech-news-2025-week-22/|22]].
*'''Abstract Wikipedia''': A community-wide discussion for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed.
*'''Temporary accounts''': Admins, bureaucrats, or stewards will be manually granting [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy|access to temporary account IP addresses]] to users without certain extended rights. Previously, these users were gaining this right automatically. The decision to change this was made by the Trust and Safety Product team after discussing with almost 20 large Wikipedia communities and Meta-Wiki. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates/2025-05 Access to IP addresses|full message about the change]]. In addition, the team is finishing work which unblocks rollouts on large wikis. A series of deployments will be happening in June. [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|See the latest project update]] to learn about the satisfaction survey, related changes to features and tools, and more.
*'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is deployed on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. Users of the five projects are now allowed to call on Wikifunctions' functions freely from their user interface.
*'''WikiGames''': A daily trivia game called ''[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]]'' is coming to the Wikipedia Android app. It invites users to test their knowledge by guessing which historical event happened first based on real events from Wikipedia's &quot;On this day&quot; content. The game's goal is to help new audiences discover a preferred destination for discovering, engaging, and building encyclopedic content. It has been gradually rolled out as an A/B test to 50% of users in English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish.
*'''Wikimedia Cloud VPS''': [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ We have introduced IPv6 to the cloud virtual network], enhancing the platform's scalability, security, and future-readiness.
*'''CampaignEvents extension''': Two new features [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/12/promoting-events-and-wikiprojects/ Invitation Lists and Collaboration List] that allow organizers to promote events and WikiProjects on the wikis are now available.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]] · [[m:WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''WikiLearn''': Discover how online learning is helping develop Wikidata skills and the new courses coming up this quarter on [[diffblog:2025/05/15/wikilearn-news-may-2025/|WikiLearn News May 2025 edition]].
*'''Youth Conference''': Young Wikimedians gathered in Prague for [[diffblog:2025/05/15/the-future-is-now-young-wikimedians-gather-in-prague-for-the-first-ever-youth-conference/|the first-ever Youth Conference]], created ''for'' young people and ''by'' young people.
*'''Gender Gap''': [[diffblog:2025/05/14/celebrate-women-campaign-2025-wikimedia-foundation-reflections/|Wikimedia Foundation Reflections]] on the Celebrate Women* Campaign 2025.
*'''Accessibility''': In celebration of Global Accessibility Awareness Day 2025, we would like to look back together and highlight [[diffblog:2025/05/15/celebrating-global-accessibility-awareness-day-2025/|recent improvements and progress]] to ensure that the Wikimedia projects are more accessible for everyone.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''India Legal Update''': A victory for free speech, for Wikipedia and Beyond! [[diffblog:2025/05/23/indian-apex-court-restores-wikipedia-article-about-an-ongoing-lawsuit/|The Supreme Court of India overturned a Delhi High Court order]] that had required the removal of an English Wikipedia article about an ongoing lawsuit.
*'''Mandatory 2FA''': Checkusers and oversighters will need to have two-factor authentication (2FA) enabled, otherwise they won't be able to use their tools. In the future, this requirement may apply to more user right groups. This is to increase the security of user accounts. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|See the full message]].

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Board Election''': [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions]].
*'''Assamese Wikimedia Community User Group''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Resolutions/2025/Recognition of Assamese Wikimedia Community User Group|Recognition]] of [[m:Assamese Wikimedia Community User Group|Assamese Wikimedia Community User Group]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/10|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:56, 3 Oṣù Òkúdu 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28823402 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on May 30. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/11|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:Cdl Magistrali Aprile 2018.jpeg|thumb|This month we celebrate Loretta and her contributions.|alt=This month we celebrate Loretta and her contributions.]]

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias. More updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/06/03/tech-news-2025-week-23/|23]] and [[diffblog:2025/06/10/tech-news-2025-week-24/|24]].
*'''New Engagement Experiments''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|We're testing out WikiRun]], a fun game that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible! It's an experiment to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Give it a try] and let us know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]!

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''WikiCelebrate''': How one librarian brought Wikipedia into the classroom and beyond: this month [[diffblog:2025/06/09/wikicelebrating-loretta-how-one-librarian-brought-wikipedia-into-the-classroom-and-beyond/|we celebrate Loretta]].
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': The next showcase will center around the theme of &quot;Ensuring Content Integrity on Wikipedia&quot; and will [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|take place on June 18 at 16:30 UTC]].
*'''Resource Support''': [[w:en:Wikipedia:Resource support pilot|Resource Support pilot project is now open to requests]]. This is a pilot project which aims to support Wikipedia content editors in obtaining resources that they need to improve content on Wikipedia.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Global Advocacy''': Read [[diffblog:2025/06/08/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-april-2025/|important highlights on public policy advocacy]] from Wikimedia Foundation's Global Advocacy team.
*'''Global Advocacy''': The Global Advocacy team will be representing the Wikimedia Foundation at [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/join-the-wikimedia-foundation-to-discuss-ai-open-source-for-the-public-good-and-global-internet-93e368cce381 several events in June and July] – including hosting an edit-a-thon during UN Open Source week and running a booth at the [[w:en:Internet Governance Forum|Internet Governance Forum]].

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Board Election''': The call for candidates for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection]] will be opened on June 17.
*'''Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand''': [[diffblog:2025/06/12/welcoming-wikimedia-aotearoa-new-zealand-as-the-latest-wikimedia-chapter/|Welcoming Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand as the Latest Wikimedia Chapter]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/11|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|class=skin-invert|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:39, 17 Oṣù Òkúdu 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=28843544 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 12&lt;/span&gt; ==

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[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on June 13. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/12|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:Wikimedia Hackathon 2025 Istanbul 3D printed logo.jpg|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025 Istanbul|alt=Wikimedia Hackathon 2025 Istanbul|thumb]]

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Elections for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees''': [[diffblog:2025/06/17/call-for-candidates-is-now-open-wikimedia-foundation-board-of-trustees/|Call for candidates is now open]] until July 2 at 11:59 UTC.
*'''Sister projects task force''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|sister projects task force]] has started a [[diffblog:2025/06/27/community-consultation-about-the-wikispore-and-wikinews/|community consultation about Wikispore and Wikinews]].
*'''Wikimania 2025''': [[wikimania:2025:Wikimania|Register now]] to join Wikimania 2025 virtually from 6–9 August.
*'''Neutral Point of View''': This year's annual planning [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Collaboration|saw many conversations]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]] that affect our movement including [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends/Common global standards for NPOV policies#What we are hearing about neutrality in our meetings with the communities|neutrality and the NPOV policies]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Hackathon 2025''': [[diffblog:2025/06/24/wikimedia-hackathon-2025-a-place-where-everything-is-technically-possible/|Highlights from Wikimedia Hackathon]], a place where everything is 'technically possible'.
*'''Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon''': [[diffblog:2025/06/12/reflections-from-the-wiki-mentor-africa-hackathon-insights-from-participants-and-mentors/|Reflections and insights]] from participants and mentors.
*'''Wikimedia API''': The MediaWiki Interfaces team will be [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs] to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse.
*'''Tech News''': The Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to most Wikipedias. This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. More updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/06/16/tech-news-2025-week-25/|25]] and [[diffblog:2025/06/23/tech-news-2025-week-26/|26]].
*'''Temporary Accounts''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary accounts]] were rolled out on ten large and medium-size Wikipedias, including Arabic, Chinese, French, Polish, Indonesian and more. Deployments on more Wikipedias will follow this week. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project.
*'''Mobile Apps''': Mobile Apps team launched A/B test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing]] on the iOS Wikipedia App. Users in Arabic, English, and Japanese in select regions will see the test.
*'''WikiGames''': The Android team launched ''Which Came First?'' — a fun, multilingual [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]] now available to all Android users in nine languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish). It's a new step in making Wikipedia more interactive and engaging for mobile users.
*'''Community Wishlist''': Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#June 18, 2025: Results of our last Wishathon sprint|results]] of the recently closed &quot;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/Wishathon|Wishathon]]&quot;, our internal hackathon organized by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] to help fulfil more wishes from Community Wishlist.
*'''Wikifunctions''': Read Wikifunctions' [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-21|July–September 2025 plans]].
*'''CampaignEvents Extension''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has now been deployed to all Wikipedia, meaning that organizers on any language Wikipedia can now gain access to the extension features directly on that Wikipedia through the Wikipedia local admins.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Equity|Knowledge Equity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Let's Connect Peer Learning''': A look into 3 years of [[diffblog:2025/06/13/why-you-should-be-part-of-lets-connect-evaluating-the-programs-results/|Let's Connect and peek into what's next]].
*'''Knowledge Equity Fund''': How a [[diffblog:2025/06/18/how-a-knowledge-equity-fund-grantee-and-a-wikimedia-affiliate-collaborate-on-human-rights-the-partnership-between-kontras-and-wikimedia-indonesia/|Knowledge Equity Fund grantee and a Wikimedia affiliate]] collaborate on Human Rights.
*'''A Wiki Minute Videos''': We published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Communications/A Wiki Minute#What are the videos?|three new 'A Wiki Minute' videos]] about what it takes to run Wikipedia and more topics. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Communications/A Wiki Minute#Where are the videos?|All videos]] are recorded and captioned in Arabic, German, English, French, Brazilian-Portuguese, Spanish.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Safety &amp; Integrity|Safety &amp; Integrity]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Legal''': [[diffblog:2025/06/17/administrative-update-to-the-wikimedia-foundation-terms-of-use/|Administrative update to the Wikimedia Foundation Terms of Use]].
*'''Global Advocacy''': [[diffblog:2025/06/18/inside-the-first-big-un-wikipedia-edit-a-thon-expanding-tech-policy-knowledge/|Expanding tech policy knowledge at the first big UN Wikipedia edit-a-thon]].
*'''Legal''': [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Update on the UK legal challenge to Online Safety Act categorisation rules|We announced that a Wikipedia admin has joined our UK Online Safety Act lawsuit]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

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'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/12|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:08, 1 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 13&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on June 27. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/13|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
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----

[[File:Laptop with Wikipedia &quot;W&quot; illustration.png|The Wikimania Hackathon 2025 inviting project ideas.|alt=Laptop with Wikipedia &quot;W&quot; illustration|thumb]]

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimania Hackathon 2025''': The Wikimania Hackathon 2025 is inviting you to [[diffblog:2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/|submit your project idea]].
*'''WikiWomen* Summit 2025''': [[wikimania:2025:WikiWomen* Summit|The WikiWomen* Summit 2025]] will take place in a hybrid format on 5th August, the pre-conference day of Wikimania 2025. [[diffblog:2025/06/27/wikiwomen-summit-2025-weaving-inclusive-futures-together/|Register now]]. 
*'''WikiIndaba 2025''': [[diffblog:2025/06/24/wikiindaba-2025-call-for-scholarship-applications-program-submission/|The scholarship applications and program submissions]] are open until 23:59 GMT on July 20.
*'''WikiCon Brasil 2025''': [[wmbr:WikiCon Brasil 2025|WikiCon Brasil 2025]] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
*'''WikiConvention francophone 2025''': [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2025|The WikiConvention 2025]] will take place in Cotonou, Benin, October 2-5. The call for submissions [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2025/Soumissions|is open until July 15]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese; The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. More updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/06/30/tech-news-2025-week-27/|27]] and [[diffblog:2025/07/08/tech-news-2025-week-28/|28]].
*'''AbuseFilter''': AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user’s IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. 
*'''Favorite Templates''': A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]].
*'''Wikipedia App''': We have launched an A/B test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|tabbed browsing in the Wikipedia iOS app]]. This feature allows users to open multiple articles in separate tabs, making it easier to switch between topics, explore, and return to previous reading spots. The test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. We’re collecting feedback and plan to make the feature more widely available soon.
*'''MediaWiki''': The MediaWiki Platform team has introduced a unified [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Built-in Notifications]] system, as part of [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]], that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications across the platform.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Hubs''': Personal, consistent and deeply human: [[diffblog:2025/06/26/personal-consistent-and-deeply-human-cee-hub-support-for-the-region-organizations/|How CEE Hub support the region organizations]].
*'''Legal''': Good intentions make for bad law in Utah, we argue in [[diffblog:2025/07/07/good-intentions-make-for-bad-law-in-utah-we-argue-in-our-amicus-brief-in-the-netchoice-v-brown-case/|our amicus brief in the Netchoice v. Brown case]].
*'''Wikimedia Organizations''': The Wikimedia Foundation and a group of experienced co-authors with affiliate background have drafted the paper [[m:Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations|Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations]]. This paper aims to be presented as a proposal for the movement at Wikimania in August 2025 in Nairobi. [[diffblog:2025/07/08/wikimedia-movement-organizations-draft-paper-open-for-community-review/|Share your feedback before July 29]]. 
*'''Advocacy''': We have created [[foundationsite:news/2025/06/27/the-wikipedia-test/|The Wikipedia Test]]: a public policy tool and a call to action to help ensure regulators consider how new laws can negatively affect online communities and platforms that provide services and information in the public interest.
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': The next showcase will center around the theme of &quot;Examining the Impact of LLMs on Knowledge Production Communities&quot; and will [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|take place on July 16 at 16:30 UTC]].  
*'''Administrative Update to Our Privacy Policies''': Following personnel changes, we are removing the name of our former point of contact serving the European Economic Area and the UK for questions and requests related to personal data in the [[foundation:Special:Diff/518090|privacy policy]] and [[foundation:Special:Diff/518161|donor privacy policy]].

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Affiliations Committee''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Resolutions/2025/User Group recognition interval period|New resolution from AffComm on User Group recognition interval period]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/13|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|class=skin-invert|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:55, 15 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on July 11. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/14|translate]]. The bulletin will be back after Wikimania with a special issue on the 19th August.''&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Matatu bus illustration.png|Get Ready for Wikimania 2025!|alt=Matatu bus illustration.png|thumb]]

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimania 2025''': [[wmania:2025:Registration|Register to join virtually]] the 20th Wikimania taking place from [[diffblog:2025/07/21/wikimania-2025-connecting-wikimedians-across-the-world-for-20-years/|August 6-9]]. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule The programme] has highlights from across Wikimedia projects and communities including the reveal of who will be this year's [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/SQKC3A Wikimedians of the year.]
*'''Strengthening a neutral point of view''': An overview of NPOV policies across Wikipedia projects, shows that 153 Wikipedias out of 342 (45%) don’t have easily accessible guidance on neutrality. The research was conducted to help understand how neutrality is ensured in our projects. and to provide an opportunity for peer learning across project communities. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends/Common global standards for NPOV policies/Analysis of Neutral Point of View Policies across Wikipedias|Read the full research and join the conversation]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': See all the 60 community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved over the last two weeks]] in Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/07/14/tech-news-2025-week-29/|29]] and [[diffblog:2025/07/21/tech-news-2025-week-30/|30]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldwikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books [[phab:T374457|are accurate]].
*'''Temporary Accounts''': After the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, we are monitoring the impact of this change, and preparing for the next deployments. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates#July 2025: Deployment on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, and our plans for next months|See the full project update]].
*'''Add a link''': Administrators can now limit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|&quot;Add a Link&quot;]] to newcomers, as opposed to keeping it open to more experienced editors as well. &quot;Add a link&quot; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test &amp; &quot;Add a Link&quot; Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 &amp; 1.2.16)|helps newcomers to start editing]], so restricting the feature to them enables Administrators to cater the feature to that specific group, which they can do via the [[m:Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Digital Safety''': PEN America shares [[diffblog:2025/07/12/pen-america-shares-5-tips-for-bolstering-your-safety-and-privacy-online/|5 tips for bolstering your safety and privacy online]].
*'''Amicus brief''': [[diffblog:2025/07/10/our-amicus-brief-in-patterson-v-meta-defending-free-speech-and-the-open-internet-in-another-section-230-legal-case/|Our amicus brief in Patterson v. Meta]]: Defending free speech and the open internet in another Section 230 legal case.
*'''UK Online Safety Act''': Court hearings for the Wikimedia Foundation's [[foundationsite:2025/07/17/wikimedia-foundation-challenges-uk-online-safety-act-regulations/|challenge to the UK Online Safety Act &quot;Categorisation Regulations&quot;]] happened on July 22 and 23. A verdict is not expected until August.
*'''Advocacy sessions''': Collaborate for change at [[diffblog:2025/07/21/collaborating-for-change-dont-miss-these-policy-advocacy-sessions-at-wikimania-2025/|these policy advocacy sessions at Wikimania 2025]].
*'''Public-Interest content''': Expanding Indonesian Wikipedia with Public-Interest Content through [[diffblog:2025/07/23/expanding-indonesian-wikipedia-with-public-interest-content-through-project-gayatri/|Project Gayatri]].
*'''The Wikipedia Test''': [[diffblog:2025/07/17/introducing-the-wikipedia-test-a-tool-to-protect-the-public-interest-internet/|Learn how to use the Wikipedia Test]], a tool to protect the public interest internet.
*'''Equity Fund''': As it closes, the Equity Fund has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Knowledge Equity Fund/Grantee#Final round|announced its final round of grants]] to six past grantees. It will also be providing four &quot;Connected Grants&quot; to movement organizations who will pair closely with one of the grantees to collaborate together.
*'''Don't blink''': [[diffblog:2025/07/12/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-may-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Content Translation''': Translators who use the Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new &quot;Regions&quot; filter.
*'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|Wikifunctions now has a new kind of Types]]: Wikidata-based enumerations, also known as light-weight enumerations.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Progress|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Endowment''': Sharing the [[diffblog:2025/07/14/sharing-the-wikimedia-endowments-form-990-for-fiscal-year-2023-2024/|Wikimedia Endowment’s Form 990]] for fiscal year 2023 – 2024. Learn more from [[m:Wikimedia Endowment reports/Financial/Form 990/2023-2024 - frequently asked questions|the frequently asked questions]].

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Annual plan''': The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees approved the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Foundation's annual plan]] for next year virtually in their [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|quarterly meeting]]. You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals for next year]] and a summary of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Collaboration|continuous conversations]] that shaped the plan.
*'''Board selection''': The Elections Committee shared a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|list of the all eligible candidates]]. As there are more than 10 eligible candidates, a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Shortlisting process|shortlisting process]] is currently taking place. Representatives of Wikimedia movement affiliates that are [[m:Wikimedia movement affiliates/Affiliates Status Report/Archive/2025-07|currently compliant]] with their reporting obligations can participate in the shortlisting process. Learn more about this process and next steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025#Timeline|Meta]].

'''Foundation statements'''

*'''WIPO permanent observer''': For fifth time, [[foundationsite:news/2025/07/09/china-block-wikimedia-wipo/|China blocks Wikimedia Foundation as permanent observer to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/14|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:02, 29 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=29017999 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on July 25. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/15|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Robertsky at Wikimedians of the Year 2025 awards 2025-08-06 02.jpg|250px|thumb|link=diffblog:2025/08/06/meet-the-wikimedians-of-the-year-2025/|Robert Sim ([[w:en:User:Robertsky|User:Robertsky]]), Wikimedian of the Year 2025|alt=Photo of Robert Sim]]
[[File:Wikimania 2025 à Nairobi Kenya.jpg|thumb|Wikimania 2025 group photo|alt=Group photo of hundreds of Wikimania attendees]]

'''Special Wikimania issue''' &lt;small&gt;''This is a special Wikimania issue of the Bulletin. We'll be back to our regular format in the next issue''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Wikimania Nairobi''': Catch up on missed sessions of Wikimania 2025 by [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ checking session pages in the program]. These links will be replaced by Commons links when the uploads are finished.
* '''Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2025''': [https://www.youtube.com/live/yjENat8ts4Q?si=191tNJO1oPw43Nti&amp;t=15892 The Wikimedian of the Year awards] give us an opportunity to pause, taking a moment to recognize people who make our mission possible. Learn about all of [[diffblog:2025/08/06/meet-the-wikimedians-of-the-year-2025/|this year's winners]].
* '''Highlights:''' Daily highlights from Wikimania:
** [[diffblog:2025/08/06/wikimania-2025-day-1-celebrating-20-years-of-wikimania-in-nairobi/|Day 1 - Celebrating 20 years of Wikimania]],
** [[diffblog:2025/08/07/wikimania-2025-day-2-technology-in-a-changing-world/|Day 2 - Technology in a changing world]],
** [[diffblog:2025/08/08/wikimania-2025-day-3-connecting-with-africa/|Day 3 - Connecting with communities in Africa]],
** [[diffblog:2025/08/10/wikimania-2025-day-4-bringing-generations-together/|Day 4 - Bringing generations together]].
* '''Product and Tech''': [[diffblog:2025/08/06/wikimania-2025-sessions-about-product-and-tech-you-dont-want-to-miss/|Wikimania 2025 sessions about Product and Tech]] you can watch, with links to the recordings.
* '''Affiliate Strategy''': [[diffblog:2025/08/06/wikimania-2025-brings-affiliate-strategy-recommendations-into-focus/|Wikimania 2025 Brings Affiliate Strategy Recommendations into Focus]].
* '''Twentieth edition of Wikimania''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/08/05/wikimania-2025-celebrates-humans/|Celebrating humans who make Wikipedia possible.]]


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Tech News''': Some of the latest update from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/07/29/tech-news-2025-week-31/|31]], [[diffblog:2025/08/05/tech-news-2025-week-32/|32]], and [[diffblog:2025/08/11/tech-news-2025-week-33/|33:]] The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16; The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature.
* '''Collaborative Contributions''': [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Share your comments]] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]]. This project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis.
* '''PTAC''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|Feedback on the proposals]] are welcomed until August 22.
* '''Watchlists and Recent Changes''': The Foundation will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages over the next few months. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic.
* '''Wikifunctions''': The Foundation is working on [[wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-26|demonstrating functions that generate sentences and fragments in several languages]]. This is a considerable step towards creating text for Abstract Wikipedia.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Wikimedia Futures Lab''': [[m:Wikimedia Futures Lab|The Wikimedia Futures Lab]] is a process and convening co-designed by the Wikimedia Foundation and Wikimedia Deutschland that will help us all learn more about global trends and discuss potential movement-wide responses. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Futures Lab/Participation|You can apply now to join]] the in-person convening hosted on January 30 – February 1, 2026 in Frankfurt, Germany with participants from affiliates, contributors and external experts.
* '''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/08/01/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-june-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
* '''Language and Internationalization''': Read about language support for new languages and other highlights from the July 2025 edition of [[diffblog:2025/08/12/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-8/|the Language and internationalization newsletter]].
* '''Language Community:''' The next language community meeting will be held on [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|August 29 at 15:00 UTC]].
* '''UK Online Safety Act''': The High Court of Justice has dismissed the [[foundationsite:2025/07/17/wikimedia-foundation-challenges-uk-online-safety-act-regulations/|Wikimedia Foundation's challenge to the UK's Online Safety Act (OSA) Categorisation Regulations]]. While the decision does not provide the immediate legal protections for Wikipedia that we hoped for, [[m:Wikimedia Forum#c-PBradley-WMF-20250811100200-PBradley-WMF-20250724174300|the Court’s ruling]] emphasized the responsibility of Ofcom and the UK government to ensure Wikipedia is protected as the OSA is implemented.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

* '''Affcom News''': Read [[m:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|the latest issue of AffCom News (April-June 2025)]], the newsletter that distributes relevant news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/15|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:39, 19 Oṣù Ògún 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=29138148 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on August 16. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/16|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:WP25 Primary lockup black.png|thumb|250px|link=m:Wikipedia 25/Celebration toolkit|Wikipedia’s 25th birthday logo.|alt=Wikipedia 25 logo]]
[[File:WP25 Birthday cake.gif|thumb|Wikipedia 25 Birthday cake|alt=Wikipedia 25 Birthday cake icon]]

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Futures Lab''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Futures Lab/Participation|Apply]] before Sep 4 to join [[diffblog:2025/08/18/announcement-and-call-for-application-wikimedia-futures-lab/|The Wikimedia Futures Lab]], the in-person convening hosted on January 30 – February 1, 2026 in Frankfurt, Germany with participants from affiliates, contributors and external experts, to learn more about global trends and discuss potential movement-wide responses.
*'''Wikimania 2026''': The theme and date for [[m:Wikimania 2026/en|Wikimania 2026]] have been decided: Liberté, Équité, Fiabilité (Freedom, Equity, Reliability). This edition will take place in Paris, from July 21 to July 25, 2026.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': Some of the latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/08/19/tech-news-2025-week-34/|34]] and [[diffblog:2025/08/26/tech-news-2025-week-35/|35]]: An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki and English Wikipedia for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September; Administrators can now access the [[m:Special:BlockedExternalDomains|Special:BlockedExternalDomains]] page from the [[m:Special:CommunityConfiguration|Special:CommunityConfiguration]] list page. This makes it easier to find.
*'''Spread Wikilove, thank comments''': A new improvement was added to the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta feature]]; it is now possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|thank a user for their comment]]. This new feature is released for a 3-months long test.
*'''Community Wishlist''': Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]].
*'''Wikipedia Mobile Apps:''' The Android app team has launched a new [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Customizable Donation Reminder Experiment|experiment]] in Italy that lets logged-out readers of Italian and English Wikipedia set their own donation reminders based on how often they read. This new approach responds to feedback from donors who say their motivation to give is tied to their reading habits. Instead of one-size-fits-all banners, readers can now choose reminders that fit their own usage, all while keeping their privacy intact.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikipedia 25''': [[diffblog:2025/08/26/resources-for-celebrating-wikipedias-25th-birthday/|To celebrate Wikipedia’s 25th birthday]], the Wikimedia Foundation is adding several resources to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25|Wikipedia 25 Meta-Wiki hub]].
*'''The Wikipedia Library''': Collections from [[w:en:Dow Jones &amp; Company|Dow Jones &amp; Company]], including the [[w:en:The Wall Street Journal|The Wall Street Journal]], are now available to editors who are eligible for [[diffblog:2025/08/21/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-april-june-2025/|The Wikipedia Library]].
*'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/08/25/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-july-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Affiliate recognition''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/HZSAJ3BK7G5KPVQWDYFSMJH2DZCE4GUB/|The recognition of new User Groups, Chapters, and Thematic Organizations is paused]] until March 31, 2026.
*'''Board of Trustees selection''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/52HHRA5RPTSKXIB76OSD3VCNYFUTGEH6/|The voting period for the upcoming Board selection process]] will now open on October 8 and close October 23.
*'''New Board member''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/08/27/wikimedia-foundation-welcomes-incoming-board-trustee-mayree-clark/|Wikimedia Foundation welcomes incoming Board Trustee Mayree Clark]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/16|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
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 &lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:13, 2 Oṣù Òwéwe 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=29200713 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on August 16. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/16|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:WP25 Primary lockup black.png|thumb|250px|link=m:Wikipedia 25/Celebration toolkit|Wikipedia’s 25th birthday logo.|alt=Wikipedia 25 logo]]
[[File:WP25 Birthday cake.gif|thumb|Wikipedia 25 Birthday cake|alt=Wikipedia 25 Birthday cake icon]]

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Futures Lab''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Futures Lab/Participation|Apply]] before Sep 4 to join [[diffblog:2025/08/18/announcement-and-call-for-application-wikimedia-futures-lab/|The Wikimedia Futures Lab]], the in-person convening hosted on January 30 – February 1, 2026 in Frankfurt, Germany with participants from affiliates, contributors and external experts, to learn more about global trends and discuss potential movement-wide responses.
*'''Wikimania 2026''': The theme and date for [[m:Wikimania 2026/en|Wikimania 2026]] have been decided: Liberté, Équité, Fiabilité (Freedom, Equity, Reliability). This edition will take place in Paris, from July 21 to July 25, 2026.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': Some of the latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/08/19/tech-news-2025-week-34/|34]] and [[diffblog:2025/08/26/tech-news-2025-week-35/|35]]: An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki and English Wikipedia for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September; Administrators can now access the [[m:Special:BlockedExternalDomains|Special:BlockedExternalDomains]] page from the [[m:Special:CommunityConfiguration|Special:CommunityConfiguration]] list page. This makes it easier to find.
*'''Spread Wikilove, thank comments''': A new improvement was added to the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta feature]]; it is now possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|thank a user for their comment]]. This new feature is released for a 3-months long test.
*'''Community Wishlist''': Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]].
*'''Wikipedia Mobile Apps:''' The Android app team has launched a new [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Customizable Donation Reminder Experiment|experiment]] in Italy that lets logged-out readers of Italian and English Wikipedia set their own donation reminders based on how often they read. This new approach responds to feedback from donors who say their motivation to give is tied to their reading habits. Instead of one-size-fits-all banners, readers can now choose reminders that fit their own usage, all while keeping their privacy intact.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikipedia 25''': [[diffblog:2025/08/26/resources-for-celebrating-wikipedias-25th-birthday/|To celebrate Wikipedia’s 25th birthday]], the Wikimedia Foundation is adding several resources to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25|Wikipedia 25 Meta-Wiki hub]].
*'''The Wikipedia Library''': Collections from [[w:en:Dow Jones &amp; Company|Dow Jones &amp; Company]], including the [[w:en:The Wall Street Journal|The Wall Street Journal]], are now available to editors who are eligible for [[diffblog:2025/08/21/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-april-june-2025/|The Wikipedia Library]].
*'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/08/25/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-july-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Affiliate recognition''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/HZSAJ3BK7G5KPVQWDYFSMJH2DZCE4GUB/|The recognition of new User Groups, Chapters, and Thematic Organizations is paused]] until March 31, 2026.
*'''Board of Trustees selection''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/52HHRA5RPTSKXIB76OSD3VCNYFUTGEH6/|The voting period for the upcoming Board selection process]] will now open on October 8 and close October 23.
*'''New Board member''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/08/27/wikimedia-foundation-welcomes-incoming-board-trustee-mayree-clark/|Wikimedia Foundation welcomes incoming Board Trustee Mayree Clark]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/16|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:14, 2 Oṣù Òwéwe 2025 (UTC)
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== Cite Unseen September 2025 updates ==

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Hello! Thank you for using '''[[:m:Meta:Cite Unseen|Cite Unseen]]'''. We are excited to share details about a big update we just deployed. With grant support from [https://wikimedia.ch/ Wikimedia CH], we've added several new features, including a citation filtering dashboard, settings dialog, support for localization, and the ability to easily suggest domain categorizations. Cite Unseen now also lives on Meta Wiki, as part of our effort to serve all Wikimedia projects. Our [[:m:Meta:Cite_Unseen/sources|source lists]] are now also on Meta-Wiki, where they can be collaboratively edited by the community.

Please see our '''[[:m:Meta:Cite Unseen/Newsletter/2025-09-14|newsletter on Meta-Wiki]]''' for full details. If you have feature ideas, notice any issues with our new updates, or have any questions, please get in touch via our [[:m:Meta_talk:Cite_Unseen|project talk page]]. Thank you!

:From '''[[:m:User:SuperHamster|''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#07517C;&quot;&gt;Super&lt;/span&gt;''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#6FA23B;&quot;&gt;Hamster&lt;/span&gt;]]''' and [[:m:User:SuperGrey|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#765CAE&quot;&gt;Super&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#525252&quot;&gt;Grey&lt;/span&gt;''']], 05:43, 14 Oṣù Òwéwe 2025 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on August 29. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/XX|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimania 2026''': The scholarship application for Wikimania 2026 is open. [[wikimania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Apply now]] by October 31.
*'''Wikipedia 25''': [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 25#Help us find inspiring stories to share during birthday celebrations|Help us find inspiring stories]] to share during birthday celebrations by September 23. 
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': &quot;Readers and Readership Research&quot; will be the featured theme for the next research showcase taking place on [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|September 24 at 16:30 UTC]].
*'''Update to banner and logo policies''': Feedback is requested on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Update to banner and logo policies|proposed policy and documentation updates]] regarding the use of banners and logos for advocacy purposes.
*'''GLAM Wiki 2025''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Participate/Registration|The registration for GLAM Wiki Conference]] is open until September 30.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Cybersecurity.png|thumb|A better way to protect Wikimedia from malicious bots|alt=Cybersecurity]]

*'''Better bot detection''': [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|How we are improving bot detection and replacing our CAPTCHA]].
*'''Temporary Accounts''': [[mw:Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] are now deployed to almost all wikis except the last 11.
*'''User Info''': This [[mw:Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|new feature]] displays data related to a user account when you tap or click on the &quot;user avatar&quot; icon button next to a username. It's meant to be useful for different users with extended rights as well as newcomers.
*'''Newsletter highlights''': The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. It includes considerations about Wikipedia's declining pageviews in the recent years, how the Foundation and communities may work on addressing this together, and the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience.
*'''Activity Tab Experiment''': The Foundation launched an [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment#How does this work fit into the Wikimedia Foundation's Annual Plan?|experiment testing a new Activity tab]] in the Wikipedia Android app to our beta testers. Instead of only showing editing activity, this tab also surfaces insights about reading and donation behavior.
*'''Search Suggestions''': To make it easier for users to find articles, logged-out users on both desktop and mobile will see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|suggestions of articles]] for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. All non-English wikis received this update in June and July.
*'''Paste Check''': The Foundation is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted to ensure it is aligned with the Movement's values. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis.
*'''CampaignEvents extension''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Deployment status|information page]].
*'''Structured Task''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a Link]] Structured Task has been fully released at English Wikipedia. This release is an important step in making editing more accessible for new contributors, especially on mobile. 
*'''Tech News''': Read more updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/09/01/tech-news-2025-week-36/|36]] and [[diffblog:2025/09/09/tech-news-2025-week-37/|37]].
*'''Wikifunctions''': Wikifunctions is now [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29|available on 65 Wiktionaries]] and has a new capability to [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-07|copy function calls from one Wikipedia to another]].
*'''Multilingual Contributors''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization|Language and Product Localisation team]] is launching a [[phab:T391045#11071277|CentralNotice campaign]] to attract multilingual contributors to specific Wikipedias. The campaign will feature regionally targeted banners to reach potential native speakers.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Global Resources''': [[diffblog:2025/09/08/introducing-the-interim-global-resource-distribution-committee/|Introducing the interim Global Resource Distribution Committee (GRDC)]].
*'''Funding the Movement''': [[diffblog:2025/09/02/funding-the-movement-key-takeaways-trends-and-lessons-from-fy-2024-2025-community-fund-grants/|Key Takeaways, Trends, and Lessons]] from FY 2024-2025 Community Fund Grants.
*'''Open Indonesia''': Reflections on [[diffblog:2025/09/01/open-indonesia-energizing-the-open-knowledge-movement/|Open Indonesia]], an event in Bandung gathering communities dedicated to advancing open knowledge to build the country's Open Knowledge Roadmap.
*'''WikiWomen*''': [[diffblog:2025/09/06/reflections-from-the-wikiwomen-summit-2025/|Reflections from the WikiWomen* Summit 2025]].
*'''Gender &amp; AI''': Is Gendering AI Possible? [[diffblog:2025/09/03/is-gendering-ai-possible-reflections-from-the-2025-gendering-ai-conference/|Reflections from the 2025 Gendering AI Conference]].
*'''Wikipedia 25''': [[diffblog:2025/09/10/what-one-centenarian-contributor-can-teach-us-about-25-years-of-wikipedia/|What one centenarian can teach us about 25 years of Wikipedia]].
*'''Knowledge Equity Fund''': [[diffblog:2025/09/05/wikimedia-ghana-user-group-receives-knowledge-equity-fund-connected-grant/|Wikimedia Ghana User Group receives Knowledge Equity Fund Connected Grant]].
*'''Wikimania 2025''': [[diffblog:2025/09/03/eseap-first-timers-at-wikimania-nairobi/|ESEAP First Timers at Wikimania Nairobi]].
*'''César do Paço Lawsuit''': [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/what-happened-in-the-c%C3%A9sar-do-pa%C3%A7o-lawsuit-f91b7fb5e54b Update about a lawsuit in Portugal] and the Foundation's appeal to the European Court of Human Rights.
*'''UK Online Safety Act''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/09/12/wikimedia-foundation-challenges-uk-online-safety-act-regulations/|The Wikimedia Foundation will not appeal]] the UK High Court’s decision to dismiss our challenge to the UK’s Online Safety Act (OSA) Categorisation Regulations.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''August board meeting''': [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/August 2025 Meeting Outcomes|Updates on]] board appointments and selection, CEO search, work to strengthen Wikipedia's approach to neutral point of view and updates on three pilots around more shared decision-making and shared accountability across the movement.
*'''New Endowment board members''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/08/29/welcoming-new-wikimedia-endowment-board-members-kevin-bonebrake-and-ike-kier/|Welcoming New Wikimedia Endowment Board Members, Kevin Bonebrake and Ike Kier]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/17|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:04, 17 Oṣù Òwéwe 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on September 13. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/18|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''CEE Meeting''': [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025]] will be held in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 26-28.
*'''Learning Clinic''': The next [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will talk about &quot;Mastering the Capacity Exchange (CapX) Tool&quot; and will take place on September 30 at 13:00 UTC.
*'''Big Fat Brussels Meeting''': The tenth in-person gathering of Wikimedians enthusiastic in free knowledge advocacy, [[m:Wikimedia Europe/Advocacy/Big Fat Brussels Meeting X|Big Fat Brussels Meeting]], will take place on October 3-4. 
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': &quot;Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata’s Role in Learning and Culture&quot; will be the featured theme for the [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase#October 2025|next research showcase]] taking place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760545800 October 15 at 16:30 UTC].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Web]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Wikifunctions in 7 minutes.webm|thumbtime=0:01|thumb|Wikifunctions now available on 123 Wiktionaries]]
*'''Tech News''': Read updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/09/15/tech-news-2025-week-38/|38]] and [[diffblog:2025/09/22/tech-news-2025-week-39/|39]].
*'''Wikifunctions''': Wikifunctions is now available on [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-19|123 Wiktionary languages]] and have [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12|more than 3,000 functions]] available.
*'''Collaborative Contributions''': A new feature, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions| called Collaborative Contributions]], allows editors to see the impact of their collaborative editing activities. It was [[m:Event:Connection learning session 2|live demoed earlier]] and you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions/Testing Version 1|follow instructions to test it out]]. 
*'''CampaignEvents extension''': The CampaignEvents extension was [[c:Special:AllEvents|deployed to Wikimedia Commons]] and all Wikisources -80+ wikis.
*'''Event registration''': Starting the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. [[m:CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|More information on Meta]].
*'''Search Suggestions:''' Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|suggestions of articles for further reading]] on all Wikipedias, in order to make it easier for users to find articles.
*'''Datacenter server switchover''': A successful [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|datacenter server switchover backup test]] took place on September 24.
*'''Activity Tab now on Android:''' Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Banners &amp; Logos policies''': The Wikimedia Foundation has published [[diffblog:2025/09/11/proposed-policies-related-to-the-use-of-banners-and-logo-changes-to-advocate-on-external-topics/|draft proposals for policies related to the use of banners and logo changes for advocacy purposes]].
*'''Wikipedia 25''': Wikimedia Foundation is creating [[m:Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|playful, celebratory interventions]] on the [https://wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia portal page], the Wikipedia app, and potentially any interested Wikipedias to celebrate Wikipedia’s 25th birthday. Please [[m:Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#We need your input:|share your inputs]] and add your username on the [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Do you have ideas for other fun Easter eggs that work within the concept brief?|Talk page]] if you think your community would be interested in participating.
*'''Regional Funds''': [[diffblog:2025/09/18/welcoming-new-eseap-regional-funds-committee-members/|Welcoming new ESEAP Regional Funds Committee Members]].
*'''Peer Learning''': [[diffblog:2025/09/21/kujifunza-pamoja-lets-connect-at-wikimania-nairobi-2025/|Reflections from Let’s Connect at Wikimania Nairobi 2025]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Progress|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Structured Contents now supports Wikipedia tables as structured JSON]. 

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Georgia''': [[diffblog:2025/09/19/wikimedia-georgia-becomes-the-newest-wikimedia-chapter/|Wikimedia Georgia becomes the newest Wikimedia Chapter.]]

'''Foundation statements'''

*'''Knowledge integrity''': The Wikimedia Foundation launches [[foundationsite:news/2025/09/18/keeping-information-reliable/|a new series that explores how Wikipedia can inspire new standards of knowledge integrity for our times]].

'''Highlights from other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;
*'''National award''': Wikipedian and current chair of Wikimedia Deutschland, Alice Wiegand, receives the [https://blog.wikimedia.de/2025/09/19/wikipedianerin-alice-wiegand-erhaelt-bundesverdienstkreuz-wikimedia-deutschland-gratuliert-zu-besonderer-ehrung/ Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany] for her voluntary commitment to Wikipedia and the global Wikimedia movement.
*'''Supporting admins and patrollers''': Motivating, training and networking – [[diffblog:2025/09/22/motivating-training-and-networking-wikimedia-ukraines-plan-to-support-wikipedia-admins-and-patrollers/| Wikimedia Ukraine’s plan to support Wikipedia admins and patrollers]].
*'''Wikimania roundup''': A [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:RAW/2025-09-05#Wikimania_! roundup of Wikimania and this year's Wikimedians of the year] by the French-speaking community's newsletter, ''Regards sur l’actualité du mouvement Wikimédia'' (Views on Wikimedia movement's events, or RAW).

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/18|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:27, 30 Oṣù Òwéwe 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=29349834 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 19&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on September 26. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/19|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Selection''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2025 update|Announcement of the final ballot]] for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election and [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2025 update#More answers on the Board's decision on the 2025 final ballot|more answers about the decision]]. Eligible voters can [[votewiki:Special:SecurePoll/vote/1864|vote between October 8 – October 23]].
*'''Wikipedia 25''': Are you planning to organize events to celebrate [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25|Wikipedia's 25th birthday]]? The Wikimedia Foundation offers grants to support active Wikimedia groups in organizing short-term, low-cost projects to celebrate this milestone. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Grants|Applications are open until November 1]].
*'''WikiConference North America 2025''': [[m:WikiConference North America|WikiConference North America]] will take place from October 16–19 in New York City, USA.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Accessibility for reading mockup with dark mode on.png|thumb|Dark Mode will soon be available on all Wikimedia sites.]]

*'''Mobile Editing''': [[diffblog:2025/09/26/insights-on-mobile-web-editing-on-wikipedia-in-2025-part-i/|Insights on mobile web editing]] on Wikipedia in 2025 are now available. This report highlights that ~95% of IP mobile users editing via wikitext open the editor but make no changes at all, a vast untapped potential. It also pinpoints where contributors most often drop off.
*'''Dark Mode''': [[mw:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|Dark Mode]] user interface will be rolled out on all Wikimedia sites on October 29. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations.
*'''Community wishlist extension:''' [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#September 25, 2025: A new extension for the Community Wishlist|The new Community Wishlist extension has been released]]. This will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. 
*'''Paste Check''': [[phab:T403680|22 Wikis are now testing]] a new Edit Check feature, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]], to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content.
*'''Tone Check''': The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits.
*'''Search Suggestions''': [[mw:Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Search Suggestions was deployed on English Wikipedia]]. Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature is available on both desktop and mobile.
*'''Unsupported Tools Working Group''': A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed to help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. The group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months.
*'''Tech News''': Read updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/09/29/tech-news-2025-week-40/|40]] and [[diffblog:2025/10/06/tech-news-2025-week-41/|41]] including about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] – a new feature to re-use references with different details.
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': Don't miss the next Wikimedia Research Showcase, &quot;Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata's Role in Learning and Culture&quot; taking place on [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|October 15 at 16:30 UTC]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimania''': Wikimania Nairobi has been featured in [[diffblog:2025/10/01/coverage-of-wikimania-nairobi-from-east-africa-to-the-world/|more than 100 stories across community platforms and international media outlets]].
*'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-03|Rich text is now available for embedded Wikifunctions calls]] across the 150 wikis where it’s enabled.
*'''WikiLearn''': [[diffblog:2025/10/05/wikilearn-news-october-2025/|New Wikipedia online courses]] you can join to strengthen your Wikimedia editing skills.
*'''Human Rights''': Making sure AI serves people and knowledge stays human: Wikimedia Foundation publishes a [[diffblog:2025/09/30/making-sure-ai-serves-people-and-knowledge-stays-human-wikimedia-foundation-publishes-a-human-rights-impact-assessment-on-the-interaction-of-ai-and-machine-learning-with-wikimedia-projects/|Human Rights Impact Assessment]] on the interaction of AI and machine learning with Wikimedia projects.
*'''Don't blink''': [[diffblog:2025/09/30/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-august-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Digital Safety &amp; Privacy''': [[diffblog:2025/10/02/frequently-asked-questions-about-our-legal-work/|Frequently Asked Questions]] about Wikimedia Foundation's Legal Work.
*'''Transparency Report''': Wikimedia Foundation publishes its [[diffblog:2025/09/30/the-wikimedia-foundations-latest-transparency-report-4/|Latest Transparency Report]].
*'''Privacy Policy''': The [[foundation:Policy:Privacy policy|Wikimedia Foundation Privacy Policy]] is getting [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/LEJCT6LFF35F6NW5TPSPZ7NOWNIBUHPO/|a minor update]] in preparation for Temporary Accounts.
*'''Learning Clinic''': Join the next Let's Connect Learning Clinic on the topic of &quot;Mastering the Capacity Exchange (CapX) Tool (Part 2)&quot; taking place on [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|October 20 at 17:00 UTC]].

'''Foundation statements'''

*'''Knowledge integrity''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/10/02/the-3-building-blocks-of-trustworthy-information-lessons-from-wikipedia/|Lessons from Wikipedia on the 3 building blocks of trustworthy information]]. This is part of the new series from the Wikimedia Foundation that explores how Wikipedia can inspire new standards of knowledge integrity for our times.

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/19|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:51, 14 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=29437761 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on October 11. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/20|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection''': [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2025 update#Additional perspectives on current and future board selection processes|Additional perspectives on current and future board selection processes]]. 
*'''Global trends''': We are seeing 8% declines in human page views on Wikipedia as some users don't directly visit Wikipedia to get information. [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|Learn about this new user trend]], how the Wikimedia Foundation anticipate these changes, and how you can help.
*'''WECUDI 2025''': The second conference of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WECUDI2025|Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures]] will be held from October 29–31 in Mexico City, Mexico. 
*'''GLAM Conference:''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|Wiki GLAM Culture and Heritage Conference (WGCHC)]] will take place on 30 October – 1 November in Lisbon, Portugal.
*'''WikidataCon 2025''': [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]] will take place online from October 31 – November 2.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Abstract Wikipedia and wiki of functions.webm|thumbtime=0:10|thumb|The naming contest for the new Wikimedia project, known until now as Abstract Wikipedia, is ongoing. ]]

*'''Making it easier to say thanks''': Users on most wikis will now have [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|the ability to thank a comment directly]] from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page.
*'''Account security''': Improvements to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|account security]] and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. Another part of the project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity].
*'''Abstract Wikipedia''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|The naming contest]] for the new Wikimedia project, known until now as Abstract Wikipedia, is ongoing. [[m:Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest/First round voting|Voting is now open until November 3]].
*'''Tech News''': Read updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/10/13/tech-news-2025-week-42/|42]] and [[diffblog:2025/10/20/tech-news-2025-week-42-2/|43]] including the community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 
*'''Wikimedia apps''': The Wikipedia iOS App launched an A/B/C test of improvements to the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|Tabbed browsing feature]] into Beta for select regions &amp; languages. Called ''“More dynamic tabs”'', the experiment adds user-requested improvements and introduces article recommendations within the tabs overview, showing “Did you know” or “Because you read” content depending on how many tabs are open.
* '''CampaignEvents extension:''' [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaignevents extension]] will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: ''Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List''. For this rollout, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]] will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities.
* '''Event registration tool:''' Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the extension can now use [[m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Digital safety''': Explore how you can help make Wikimedia safer by taking our new self-paced course, [[diffblog:2025/10/10/wikilearn-course-safety-for-young-wikimedians/|Safety for Young Wikimedians]].
*'''Wikimedia Core Curriculum''': The Wikimedia Foundation has developed [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5LWTEKBENPBR3GVI2LLIPVXFFO26XNTU/|seven online video learning modules]] covering the core English Wikipedia policies. You are invited to use, adapt, and translate the course. 
*'''Advocacy''': The Wikimedia Foundation has signed [https://www.gp-digital.org/ten-steps-to-strengthen-stakeholder-engagement-in-the-wsis20-intergovernmental-phase/ onto a statement] that calls on governments and UN bodies to keep discussions about the future of internet governance accessible to non-government actors like industry and civil society. This statement is part of ongoing joint advocacy with affiliates to influence UN discussions about the future of internet governance such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global Digital Compact Wikimedia Advocacy Collaboration 2024|Global Digital Compact campaign]] and [https://www.gp-digital.org/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-wsis20-review/ WSIS+20] deliberations. 
*'''GLAM:''' The Wikimedia Foundation and several affiliates have signed onto the [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/wikimedia-foundation-signs-the-open-heritage-statement-a-global-call-for-unrestricted-access-to-663931374067 Open Heritage Statement], which supports galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (GLAM institutions) to have the legal rights they need to collect, preserve, and provide access to cultural heritage. 


'''Foundation statements'''

*'''How Wikipedia works''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/10/10/wikimedia-foundation-responds-to-questions-about-how-wikipedia-works/|Wikimedia Foundation responds to questions about how Wikipedia works]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/20|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:09, 28 Oṣù Ọ̀wàrà 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=29511411 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on October 24. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/21|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;[[File:Gran Torre Santiago (26058231758).jpg|thumb|Wikimania Santiago will happen in 2027.]]

*'''Wikimania 2027''': Santiago, Chile is announced as the location for [[diffblog:2025/11/04/wikimania-2027-location-announcement/|Wikimania 2027]]. The annual conference returns to Latin America after more than 10 years, following previous editions in Buenos Aires (2009) and Mexico City (2015).
*'''Wikidata recognized as a Digital Public Good''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/10/29/wikipedia-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good/|Wikidata became the second Wikimedia project to be officially recognized as a digital public good by the Digital Public Goods Alliance]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': Read updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/10/27/tech-news-2025-week-44/|44]] and [[diffblog:2025/11/03/tech-news-2025-week-45/|45]] including the community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
*'''Activity Tab''': The Wikipedia Android app expands the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]] to all users. It offers a complete view of your Wikipedia activity: reading time, saved articles, edits, and donation history (for known donors). This change aims to make Wikipedia a more engaging experience for readers and contributors alike, while keeping all personal data private and stored locally on your device.
*'''Tabbed browsing''': [[diffblog:2025/10/27/new-on-the-wikipedia-app-for-ios-tabbed-browsing-tabs/|Tabbed browsing]] is now available on the Wikipedia App for iOS. Tabs will let you keep more than one article open at a time, making it easier to explore complex topics, follow links without losing your place, and pick up where you left off.
*'''CampaignEvents extension''': Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages.
*'''Image browsing''': The Wikimedia Foundation launched [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.3 Image Browsing|image browsing]], an experiment that puts images on top of your Wikipedia article reading journey, on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
*'''Temporary accounts''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] are now enabled on 1,000+ projects including English Wikipedia.
*'''Abstract Wikipedia naming contest''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-29|The first round of “abstract content wiki” naming vote has ended]] and the first legal review had begun to determine the 6 names that will make it to the second round on November 17.
*'''Wikifunctions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment|Wikifunctions is now deployed across 12 Wiktionaries and 4 Wikipedias]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Digital-first-aid-kit.png|thumb|150px| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Human Rights/Digital Security Resources|Digital Safety Resource Center]] provides tips and tools to protect yourself online.]]

*'''Privacy in Wikipedia research''': The Wikimedia Foundation published [https://osf.io/preprints/osf/uyxnf_v2 Privacy in Public: Navigating Research, Personal Data, and Safety on Wikipedia], a whitepaper which guides researchers in navigating privacy of Wikipedia editors in their research. [[diffblog:2025/11/02/privacy-in-public-a-new-whitepaper-on-privacy-in-wikipedia-research/|Read the highlights and key takeaways for researchers and Wikipedians]].
*'''Digital Safety''': The Wikimedia Foundation is launching [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/QYTDJWIAVWVXTSGCDHYD2SG4LZN4UTE6/|Digital Safety Office Hours]] to explore how to stay safe digitally, what does digital safety mean, what extra precautions can Wikimedians take. The first session will take place on November 28 at 9 AM and 7 PM UTC. Check out also our [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Human Rights/Digital Security Resources|Digital Safety Resources Center]] to learn practical tips and tools you can use immediately.
*'''Volunteer roles for movement governance''': The Movement governance committees are seeking new volunteers to support essential and high-impact work across the Wikimedia ecosystem. The current appointment cycle is open for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|AffCom]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds Commission]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee]]. Applications for these committees will remain open until December 11. The team will host a community conversation on [[m:Event:2025 Committee appointments conversation hour 2|November 26]], at 3 AM UTC.
*'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/10/26/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-september-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Wikimedia Core Curriculum''': Want to learn how to edit Wikipedia? – A [[diffblog:2025/10/24/a-new-core-curriculum-seven-comprehensive-video-modules-from-the-wikimedia-foundation-for-beginners/|new '''free''' self-paced course, all in video with subtitles]], is available from the Wikimedia Foundation!

'''Foundation statements'''

*'''Transparency builds trust''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/10/22/transparency-builds-trust/|The latest edition from the series &quot;Lessons from Wikipedia&quot;]] explores how deep transparency has helped make Wikipedia one of the most trusted sources on the internet.


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/21|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:05, 12 Oṣù Bélú 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=29590086 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on November 7. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/22|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia 25 graphic with dancer and protractor.png|thumb|link=diffblog:2025/11/10/wikipedia-is-turning-25-older-wiser-and-now-fully-referenced-citation-needed/|Join the celebration for Wikipedia’s 25th virtual birthday party.]]

*'''Board election:''' The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Results|2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees vote]] has elected two new trustees, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates/Bobby Shabangu|Bobby Shabangu]] ([[m:User:Bobbyshabangu|Bobbyshabangu]]) and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates/Michał Buczyński|Michał Buczyński]] ([[m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]]), who will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2025.
*'''Wikipedia 25''': Wikipedia is turning 25 and it’s time to party! Register now for [[diffblog:2025/11/10/wikipedia-is-turning-25-older-wiser-and-now-fully-referenced-citation-needed/|Wikipedia’s 25th virtual birthday bash]] on 15 January at 16:00 UTC.
*'''Wikimedia Hackathon''': The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2026|2026 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will be taking place in person May 1 - 3, 2026 in Milan, Italy. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are open] until November 28.
*'''Language Community:''' [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 November 2025|The next language community meeting]] will be held on November 28 at 16:00 UTC.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Tech News''': Some of the latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/11/10/tech-news-2025-week-46/|46]] and [[diffblog:2025/11/17/tech-news-2025-week-47/|47:]] Wikimedia Foundation is experimentating with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later; One new wiki has been created: a Wikisource in [https://min.wikisource.org/wiki/Palanta Minangkabau].
*'''Wikifunctions''': The second round of voting for naming the wiki with abstract content is kicking off with [[wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-13|six name proposals to vote for]].
*'''Reference check''': The A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|reference check]] has begun on English Wikipedia and will run until December 17. This is a feature which prompts new editors to add citations before they publish an edit adding content to an article.
*'''Image browsing''': Wikimedia Foundation is launching an experiment called &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.3 Image Browsing|Image browsing]]&quot; to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, is taking place on on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting a small number of users.
*'''CampaignEvents extension''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. The extension offers tools for running and coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations. These features include ''Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List'', plus a new feature, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]], which helps organizers and participants see the impact of their collaborative activities. Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|upcoming learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback.
*'''Dark Mode:''' Dark mode is now available on all Wikimedia projects for all anonymous users! This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [[mw:Manual:Dark_mode|Learn how to activate this feature]].
*'''Wikimedia Apps''': [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|The Activity tab]] in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging.
*'''Usability Improvements:''' [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|Improvements for talk pages]] is being [[phab:T409297|rolled out]]. Users can opt out of these changes [[m:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in “Show discussion activity.”

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikipedia 25 Press toolkit''': Wikimedia Foundation is providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Celebration toolkit/Press|press toolkit]] as guidance and resources to Wikimedia volunteers and affiliates to spread the word about Wikipedia’s 25th birthday to local and regional media.
*'''Language and Internationalization''': Read some key highlights from the [[diffblog:2025/11/13/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-9/|October 2025 edition of the Language and internationalization newsletter]].
*'''Information integrity''': [[diffblog:2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/|Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund]].
*'''The Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2025/11/13/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-july-september-2025/|The Wikipedia Library team attended the CEE Meeting 2025 celebrated a new partnership with Times of Malta]].
*'''Understanding movement organizers''': Wikimedia Foundation concluded a [[m:Research:Organizers in the Wikimedia movement/Literature review|literature review]] on organizers in the Wikimedia movement focused on capturing their personas, motivations, and impact in order to highlight best practices and opportunities for further support.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/reef-media-ai/ Reef Media uses Wikimedia Enterprise Snapshot API to Fact Check and Verify Sources].

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Affiliations Committee''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Recommendations November 2025|Draft recommendations]] on three strategic areas that need continuous consideration to best support Wikimedia affiliates.

'''Foundation statements'''

*'''Lessons from Wikipedia''': The latest edition from the series explores [[foundationsite:news/2025/11/10/how-wikipedia-navigates-disputes/|the art of disagreement and how Wikipedia navigates disputes]].
*'''Artificial Intelligence''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/11/10/in-the-ai-era-wikipedia-has-never-been-more-valuable/|In the AI era, Wikipedia has never been more valuable]]. This explainer shows how human-created knowledge isn’t replaceable.

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/22|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:30, 25 Oṣù Bélú 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=29707950 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on November 21. This will be the final bulletin for 2025 and we'll be back in late January 2026 with the next issue. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/XX|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:WP25_Birthday_cake.gif|right|200px]]
'''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''CEO appointment''': The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees has [[diffblog:2025/12/09/welcoming-the-wikimedia-foundations-new-ceo/|appointed Bernadette Meehan]] as the new CEO of the Wikimedia Foundation. She will be meeting communities around the puzzle globe when she officially joins on January 20, 2026.
*'''Wikipedia's 25th birthday party:''' Join the virtual celebration for games, prizes, musical performances, volunteer spotlights, data visualization, surprise guests and more. January 15 at 16:00 UTC. [[m:Event:Wikipedia_25_Virtual_Celebration|Register on Meta]].
*'''Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees''': Join the next Conversation with the Trustees on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/2025-12-11 Conversation with Trustees|December 11 at 17:30 UTC]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wishathon:''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#December 1, 2025: Results of our last Wishathon sprint|15 patches were written and 5 merged]], as part of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/Wishathon|Wishathon]] for the Community Wishlist. One wish from the community was completed ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W265|&quot;Preview page with this template&quot; should not work with pages that do not transclude the template]]), and three more now have a clearer path forward. 
*'''Activity Tab on Mobile App''': The Wikipedia iOS app is running an experiment that replaces the History tab with a [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Activity Tab|redesigned Activity tab]]. This new tab surfaces personalized insights about reading, editing, and donations — all stored locally on your device for privacy. The goal is to see whether the new experience increases engagement and retention among logged-in readers.
*'''Wikipedia Year in Review in Apps''': [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]] is now available for the iOS and Android apps. This year introduces new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs.
*'''Add a Link''': A feature that suggests links to be added to articles based on a prediction model, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]], has been deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time.
*'''Abstract Wikipedia''': The [[m:Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest/Votes|second round of voting]] on the name of Abstract Wikipedia concluded with ''Abstract Wikipedia'' as the top-voted name with 100 votes, followed by Wikigenerator with 91 votes. The name for the wiki project [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-12-04|will now remain Abstract Wikipedia]].
*'''Anti-vandalism tool:''' [[mw:Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]], now has the option to choose between two machine learning models to power the software on wikis using the tool.
*'''Tools to support newcomers:''' Newcomers failing to add a citation to support added content has been one of the most common mistakes on Wikipedia. [[mw:Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]], a tool that prompts them to add a citation before publishing an edit, has gone live for an A/B test on English Wikipedia.
*'''Tech News''': Latest updates from Tech News [[diffblog:2025/11/24/tech-news-2025-week-48/|week 48]] and [[diffblog:2025/12/01/tech-news-2025-week-49/|week 49]] include the Foundation working on [[phab:T396155|improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email]] sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful, and informative; and two new wikis being created: a [[w:tok:|Wikipedia in Toki Pona]] and a [[q:pcm:|Wikiquote in Nigerian Pidgin]].
*'''Infrastructure''': [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/11/21/unifying-mobile-and-desktop-domains/ Unifying our mobile and desktop domains] achieved 20% faster mobile response times, improved SEO, and reduced infrastructure load.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Legal win in France''': Wikimedia Foundation secures crucial [[diffblog:2025/12/01/wikimedia-foundation-secures-crucial-legal-win-in-france/|legal win in France]] against legal attacks on freedom of speech.
*'''CEE Hub''': [[diffblog:2025/12/01/cee-hub-three-years-of-growth-learning-and-regional-impact/|Overview]] of three years of growth, learning, and regional impact of CEE Hub.
*'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/12/01/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-october-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Digital Violence''': How the Wikimedia movement is responding to [[diffblog:2025/11/20/uniting-to-end-digital-violence-16-days-of-activism-against-gender-based-violence/|digital gender based violence]].
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': The next research showcase will feature a special panel on &quot;Experimentation on Wikipedia&quot; and will [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|take place on December 10 at 17:30 UTC]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Audit Report''': Key takeaways from the [[diffblog:2025/11/24/highlights-from-the-wikimedia-foundations-fiscal-year-2024-2025-audit-report/|Foundation’s audit report]] for fiscal year 2024-2025.
*'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [[diffblog:2025/11/24/wikimedia-enterprise-financial-report-fiscal-year-2024-2025/|Wikimedia Enterprise Financial Report]] for fiscal year 2024-2025.
*'''Annual Plan Progress''': A look back at progress made against the plan [[diffblog:2025/11/21/progress-on-the-annual-plan-a-look-at-the-second-half-of-our-fiscal-year/|during the second half of our fiscal year.]] Up to date regular updates are included in the Foundation Bulletin.

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Sister Projects Task Force''': [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force/Results of the consultation about Wikispore and Wikinews#Results of the consultations|Results of the consultation about Wikispore and Wikinews]]: No immediate changes should be made to Wikispore's current technical setup and archive all editions of Wikinews, preserving their content.

'''Foundation statements'''

*'''Wikipedia's unique revenue model''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/11/26/how-is-wikipedia-funded/|How is Wikipedia funded]] and [[foundationsite:news/2025/11/26/how-does-the-wikimedia-foundation-use-donations-to-wikipedia/|how does the Wikimedia Foundation use donations to Wikipedia]]?
*'''Most read articles:''' Wikipedia’s [[foundationsite:news/2025/12/02/announcing-wikipedias-most-read-articles-of-2025/|most-read articles of 2025]]. 


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/X|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 04:50, 11 Oṣù Ọ̀pẹ̀ 2025 (UTC)
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== Article deletion  ==

You deleted an Article I created recently. The reason of the deletion wasn't stated  [[Oníṣe:Mccoy Jonas|Mccoy Jonas]] ([[Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe:Mccoy Jonas|ọ̀rọ̀]]) 23:45, 6 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on December 5. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/01|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:WP25 Graphics Landscape of astronaut and batik maker.png|700px|center]]
[[File:WP25 Film.gif|right|200px]]

'''Highlights'''
*'''Wikipedia turns 25:''' Time to start the party! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikipedia 25 Virtual Celebration|Join the virtual celebration]] featuring musical performances, games, and more on January 15 at 16:00 UTC. and The party will be live interpreted into Arabic, Chinese, French, Spanish, and Portuguese.
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; role=&quot;button&quot; aria-disabled=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikipedia 25 Virtual Celebration|Join the celebration]]&lt;/span&gt;

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Annual planning''': [[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Key questions for the Wikimedia movement]] to shape the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026-2027 annual goals. [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|Join the discussion on-wiki]].
*'''Hackathon''':
**[[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Apply to join the Northwestern Europe 2026 Hackathon]] from March 13-14 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Application will close mid-January 2026 or earlier based on event capacity.
**General Registration for the [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ 2026 Wikimedia Hackathon is now open]! The hackathon will take place in Milan, Italy from May 1 - 3, 2026. Event details [[mw:Wikimedia_Hackathon_2026|can be found here]] and registration will remain open until March 30th or until event capacity is reached. 
*'''Semantic search''': Wikimedia Foundation is working on [[diffblog:2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/|making it easier to find the information readers want]].
*'''Tech News:''' Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/12/08/tech-news-2025-week-50/|50]], [[diffblog:2025/12/15/tech-news-2025-week-51/|week 51]], and [[diffblog:2025/12/22/tech-news-2025-week-52/|week 52]] include that now edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details which will help oversighters to prevent doxxing.
*'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-18|The first Wikifunctions Volunteers' Corner of the next year]] will take place on February 9.
*'''Blazegraph Migration:''' To support the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), we are hosting regular calls [[d:Event:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours - January 2026|starting on January 27]]. Wikidata users and tool maintainers are [[d:Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|are invited to join]], ask questions, and share migration-related concerns. 


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&lt;/small&gt;''

*'''Upcoming Conferences''': Announcing the [[diffblog:2025/12/16/learn-about-the-approved-wikimedia-conference-proposals-for-2026-round-1/|six Wikimedia conferences funded for 2026]] in the first round.
*'''Wikimania 2026''': [[diffblog:2025/12/19/looking-ahead-to-wikimania-2026/|A glimpse on what the team is currently working on]] to prepare for Wikimania 2026 in Paris.
*'''Public Policy''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Global Advocacy/Resources|Explore the resources available for public policy advocacy work]], including explainers that describe key policy positions, guides on how to build a campaign or write a policy brief, and examples of open letters submitted to governments.
*'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/12/18/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-november-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Public-Interest content''': The Project Gayatri content expansion program brought [[diffblog:2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/|7,656 new articles on Indonesian Wikipedia]].
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|The research showcase will return on January 22 at 17:30 UTC]] with the theme &quot;Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia and the Research Behind It&quot;.
*'''Wikimedia Research Report''': The Wikimedia Foundation has published its [https://research.wikimedia.org/report.html 13th bi-annual Research Report], highlighting the work completed during the first six months of this fiscal year.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Past issues of the bulletin for progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/2025-api-wrap-up/ Read the full annual wrap-up of 2025 of Wikimedia Enterprise] and how the year marked a fundamental shift in open knowledge.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Board of Trustees''': Wikimedia Foundation [[diffblog:2025/12/17/wikimedia-foundation-welcomes-two-new-board-trustees/|welcomes two new Board Trustees]] Bobby Shabangu and Michał Buczyński.
*'''Affcom News''': Read the [[m:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|year-end issue of AffCom News (July-December 2025)]], the newsletter that distributes relevant news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&amp;nbsp;·[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;·&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/01|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:31, 14 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 2&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on Jan 10. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/02|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:WP25 Graphics Desktop.png|right|200px]]

'''Highlights'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Annual planning''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|Annual Plan]] is the Wikimedia Foundation’s description of what we hope to achieve in the coming year. This is a time of urgency and focus for the Wikimedia projects and we [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|invite you to shape this plan together with us.]]
*'''Year 2 of PTAC''': As it reached its first year, Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) shared [[m:Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|a retrospective and proposed future improvements]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Account security''': All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA), providing a simple and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|secure way]] to log in.
*'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-22|An overview of the quarterly plan (January–March)]] and how it connects to the broader goals for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions.
*'''Tech News:''' Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/01/12/tech-news-2026-week-03/|03]], [[diffblog:2026/01/19/tech-news-2026-week-04/|04]] and [[diffblog:2026/01/26/tech-news-2026-week-05/|05]] include unregistered contributors on blocked IPs can now interact on-wiki to [[phab:T398673|appeal a block]] by creating a temporary account.
*'''Collaborative contributions''': Wikimedia Foundation is hosting [[m:Event:Connection learning session 4|a learning session]] to share [[m:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|new releases around collaborative contributions]] and discuss future project ideas.
*'''Structured task''': The [[mw:Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone Structured Task]] is now live in A/B testing on pilot wikis: English, Arabic, Portuguese, and French Wikipedia. It helps new editors improve promotional language in existing articles through a quiz style onboarding experience and a guided in article suggestion.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:WP25 The Birthday Cake Song.webm|thumb|&quot;The Birthday Cake Song&quot; is an original song created for Wikipedia's 25th Birthday, performed by the WikiChoir, featuring Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons content.]]

*'''Wikimania 2026''': [[diffblog:2026/01/27/call-for-sessions-wikimania-2026-is-coming-to-paris/|Call for sessions]] is open until March 1.
*'''Wikipedia 25''': Wikipedia celebrates 25 years of knowledge at its best with [[foundationsite:news/2026/01/15/wikipedia-celebrates-25years/|docuseries, time capsule, and more]].
*'''Virtual celebration''': In case you missed it, over 10,000 people have watched [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikipedia 25 Virtual Celebration|the virtual celebration]] that [[:c:File:WP25 Generations.webm|brought together generations of Wikimedians]], featured [[:c:File:WP25 A Tribute to the Talk Page.webm|an ode to the talk page]], a [[:c:File:WP25 A Dramatic Reading of a Wikipedia TalkPage for Orange.webm|dramatic reading of a real talk page]], a Magnetikpunk [[:c:File:WP25 &quot;Cyklepedia&quot; by Open Reel Ensemble.webm|song dedicated to Wikipedia]], a passing of the [[:c:File:WP25 CEO Cake Pass.webm|cake baton from Maryana to Bernadette]], [[c:File:WP25 The Birthday Cake Song.webm| &quot;The Birthday Cake Song&quot;]] and more. All of it written and performed by humans of Wikimedia.
*'''Birthday mascot''': [[diffblog:2026/01/15/meet-the-wikimedian-whose-casual-sketch-inspired-wikipedias-25th-birthday-mascot/|Meet the Wikimedian]] whose casual sketch inspired Wikipedia’s 25th birthday mascot.
*'''Legal''': Learn about two recent submissions advocating [[diffblog:2026/01/16/why-the-wikimedia-foundation-is-advocating-proportionality-and-carve-outs-for-digital-public-goods-in-brazils-new-online-child-safety-law-eca-digital/|the need for proportionality in Brazil’s new online child safety law]].
*'''Policy:''' The Global Advocacy team shared a report from digital policy organization InternetLab about the intersection between the [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/why-the-open-knowledge-movement-and-public-interest-journalism-must-unite-forces-b011bef63cf0 open knowledge movement and public interest journalism].
*'''Global Resource Distribution Committee''': Refreshed [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Funding Principles|Funding Principles]] are ready for review.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Solving puzzles together''': [[diffblog:2026/01/19/solving-puzzles-together/|A final reflection from Maryana Iskander]].
*'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': Mistral AI and Wikimedia Enterprise announced [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/mistral-ai-partners-with-wikimedia-enterprise/ a new strategic partnership].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

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For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:06, 4 Oṣù Èrèlé 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 3&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on January 30. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/3|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:WP25 Graphics of Astronaut.png|right|200px]]

'''Highlights'''
*'''Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2026/01/30/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-october-december-2025/|Wikipedia Library gained new content partnerships]], restored access to the British Newspaper Archive, and added an Arabic language academic resource with more than 7 million records.
*'''Gender gap''': The [[m:Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women 2026]] campaign will run from March 1–31 to advance the achievements of the women’s rights and gender equity movement globally. 
*'''Annual Planning''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/| Annual Plan]] is the Wikimedia Foundation’s description of what we hope to achieve in the coming year. We invite you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/| to shape this plan]] together with us. Between now and the end of June 2026, we will have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|continuous conversations]] about how global trends may shape our future, how we can experiment, adapt and respond together.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Patrolling improvements''': A new feature available on [[m:Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming.
*'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-29|How Abstract Wikipedia articles can be integrated]] into Wikipedia language editions to enable Wikipedians to write an abstract article once and have it available in many languages.
*'''Suggestion Mode''': A new Beta Feature for the VisualEditor, [[mw:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode,]] is [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Suggestion Mode %E2%80%93 new Beta Feature on Tuesday|now available on English Wikipedia]] for experienced editors. This features proactively suggests actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, such as &quot;add citation&quot;, &quot;improve tone&quot;, or &quot;fix an ambiguous link&quot;.
*'''WDQS Blazegraph Migration''': As part of the migration away from Blazegraph (the current backend of the Wikidata Query Service), an initial evaluation of open-source triple store candidates [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/WDQS_Triple_Store_Evaluation_-_Benchmark_Results_Report.pdf has been completed]. Using the published [[D:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/Triple store evaluation methodology|evaluation methodology]], performance, stability, and compatibility was assessed.
*'''Tech News:''' Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/02/02/tech-news-2026-week-06/|06]] and [[diffblog:2026/02/09/tech-news-2026-week-07/|07]] include the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature that allows logged-in contributors to organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows. They also link to the 44 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Karolina Gruszczyk 4 at Wikipedia 25 celebration in Warsaw.jpg|thumb|Wikipedia 25 celebration in Warsaw.]]

*'''Funding Principles''': The interim [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee|Global Resource Distribution Committee]] (GRDC) has published a first version of the [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Funding Principles|Funding Principles]] which guides the broader grantmaking ecosystem across the Wikimedia Movement. Share your feedback in the [[m:Talk:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Funding Principles|Discussion]] page.
*'''Wikipedia 25''': [[diffblog:2026/02/09/wikipedia25-celebrations-in-warsaw/|Celebrating 25 years of Wikipedia in Warsaw]].
*'''Responsible AI''': Why the [[diffblog:2026/02/03/why-the-global-index-on-responsible-ai-matters-for-wikimedians/|Global Index on Responsible AI]] matters for Wikimedians.
*'''Open Knowledge''': Why the Open Knowledge Movement and Public Interest Journalism [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/why-the-open-knowledge-movement-and-public-interest-journalism-must-unite-forces-b011bef63cf0 must unite forces]. Shared principles and interdependence, points of convergence and the path forward.
*'''Journalism Awards:''' Applications for [[foundationsite:news/2026/02/02/open-knowledge-journalism-awards-applications-open/|the Open the Knowledge Journalism Awards]] are now open until March 1. Presented by the International Center for Journalists in partnership with the Wikimedia Foundation, the awards seek to recognize African journalists whose reporting helps close knowledge gaps about Africa on Wikipedia.
*'''UN General Assembly''': Wikimedia Foundation was invited to speak at the UN General Assembly (UNGA) hall about [[diffblog:2026/02/11/wikimedia-foundation-at-the-united-nations-remarks-on-multistakeholderism-digital-public-goods-and-internet-governance/|Wikipedia’s role in global digital governance]].
*'''Advocacy''': Wikimedia Foundation has [[diffblog:2026/02/11/announcing-new-policies-related-to-the-use-of-wikimedia-sites-for-advocacy-purposes/|adopted new and updated policies]] regarding the use of banners, logo changes, and blackouts on the projects, particularly for advocacy purposes. Specifically, the new [[:foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Use of Wikimedia sites for advocacy purposes|&quot;Use of Wikimedia sites for advocacy purposes&quot;]] policy, and updates to the guidelines for [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/CentralNotice/Usage guidelines|CentralNotice usage]] and [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting wiki configuration changes]]. The policies establish clearer processes for advocacy activities, and require notification of Foundation staff for some proposed uses of the Wikimedia sites.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Futures Lab''': [[diffblog:/2026/02/12/from-baghdad-to-frankfurt-wikimedia-futures-lab-2026/|Reflections from a Wikimedian]] who attended the [[m:Wikimedia Futures Lab|Wikimedia Futures Lab]]. 

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/3|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:27, 17 Oṣù Èrèlé 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 4&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on Feb 13. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/04|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|right|200px|]]

'''Highlights'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Birthday mode''': This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on ~2,500 articles, waiting to be discovered by readers. The feature is available for all Wikipedias to customise through Community Configuration until 6 April 2026. So far [[m:Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|17 Wikipedias]] have joined in the fun.
*'''Wikipedia's 25th birthday party celebrated on Commons''': Content from the January 15th global birthday party selected as [[c:Template:Motd/2026-02#22|Media of the day]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Etherpad cleanup''': For security and performance reasons, all current pads on Wikimedia’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based &quot;ephemeral&quot; editor for real-time collaborative document editing, [[m:Talk:Etherpad#Etherpad wipe/deletion/clean slate proposal|will be permanently deleted after 30 April]]. We will continue running this Etherpad instance to support events and other short-term collaboration, but will be periodically deleting data going forward. If you have content in Etherpad you want to keep, please create local backups, as data will be permanently deleted and will not be able to be recovered.
*'''Activity tab''': Wikipedia iOS app has rolled out the improved [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Activity Tab|Activity tab]] to all users in version 7.9.0. A/B test results showed increased account creation among users with access to the feature. Updates include enhanced editing impact insights, module customization, and relocation of History into the Search tab.
*'''Reference Check''': The feature [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to all Wikipedias. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop (or acknowledge/explain why they did not) and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web.
*'''Semantic search''': The Foundation has launched a limited [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both [[diffblog:2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/|semantic]] and keyword queries. The [[mw:Readers/Information_Retrieval/Phase_1|Phase 1 beta]] is now live on Greek Wikipedia. The goal is to understand whether combining meaning-based retrieval with keyword search helps readers find information more effectively. Testing will expand to English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias in March.
*'''Navigation experience''': The Foundation will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
[[File:Abstract Wikipedia prototype - Kolkata.png|thumb|right|Screenshot of the current prototype of Abstract Wikipedia, showing a two sentence article about Kolkata.]]
*'''Site notices''': Site notices ([[m:MediaWiki:Sitenotice|MediaWiki:Sitenotice]] and [[m:MediaWiki:Anonnotice|MediaWiki:Anonnotice]]) now will render on all platforms, not just on the desktop site. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed.
*'''Tech News''': Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/02/16/tech-news-2026-week-08/|08]] and [[diffblog:2026/02/23/tech-news-2026-week-09/|09]] include the new “Edit full page” button for people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor. They also link to the 40 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.
*'''Wikifunctions''': Abstract Wikipedia is going to have its public preview within the next few weeks, [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-20|here is the preview]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Gender gap''': The [[diffblog:2026/02/24/celebrate-women-2026-is-coming/|Celebrate Women 2026]] is coming! The Wikimedia Foundation will host a kick-off celebration that will work as a welcome session for both organizers and participants on [[m:Event:Celebrate Women 2026 Welcome Session|March 5 at 13:00 UTC]].
*'''Language''': New edition of the [[diffblog:2026/02/17/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-10/|Language and internationalization newsletter]] highlights new feature developments and improvements in various [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization#Projects|language-related technical projects]].
*'''Let’s Connect Learning Clinic''': Watch the recordings of past [[metawiki:Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|learning clinics]] about Wikipedia’s 25th Birthday Tool and Strengthening Local-Language Admin Communities.
*'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': You can [https://www.youtube.com/live/qW5IQJv84HY watch the recording] of this month research showcase whose theme is about &quot;[[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|AI and Communities]]&quot;.
*'''Hubs''': Lessons [[diffblog:2026/02/13/what-we-are-learning-from-hub-pilots/|from hub pilots]].
*'''Banners &amp; logo policies''': Wikimedia Foundation has adopted [[diffblog:2026/02/11/announcing-new-policies-related-to-the-use-of-wikimedia-sites-for-advocacy-purposes/|new and updated policies regarding the use of banners, logo changes, and blackouts]] on the projects, particularly for advocacy purposes.
*'''Digital Safety''': The next edition of [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/MFK6V57X7B3XBCPYS63PBP764UZWEE7X/|Digital Safety Office Hours]] will be on Mar 27 at 9:00 UTC and 19:00 UTC. The session will explore practical threat modelling: a structured way to think about risks, assess your exposure, and make informed choices.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-enriches-search-results-and-ai-answers/ Ecosia Enriches Search Results and AI Answers with Wikimedia Enterprise].
*'''Human centered AI''': Members of the Wikimedia Enterprise team presented on &quot;[https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/event-stanford-human-centered-ai/ Wikipedia in the Age of AI and Bots]&quot; at the seminar of Stanford’s Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence.
*'''Inclusive AI''': Advancing Open, Inclusive AI with Free and Open Knowledge at the [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/wikimedia-foundation-at-the-india-ai-impact-summit-2026-advancing-open-inclusive-ai-with-free-and-131bf9625f8b India AI Impact Summit 2026].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/04|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 12:37, 3 Oṣù Ẹ̀rẹ̀nà 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 5&lt;/span&gt; ==

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[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on February 27. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/05|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:WP25 Blue W25.png|right|200px|]]

'''Highlights'''

*'''Supporting readers''': For most of its history, Wikipedia did not have to worry about attracting readers. But with the way people search for information changing, there is a drop in the number of readers which is impacting the number of accounts created and contributions to our sites. Have a look at some of [[diffblog:2026/03/10/engaging-and-reengaging-wikipedia-readers/|the ongoing and planned work to support reader experience.]]
*'''Server switch''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on March 25 at 15:00 UTC. This is for the [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|datacenter server switchover backup tests]], which happen [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|twice a year]].
*'''Tools improvement''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|Work is still ongoing in some areas]], including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads.
*'''Wikipedia 25 Grants''': The celebration continues! The Wikimedia Foundation offers [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Grants|Wikipedia 25 Birthday Funds]] to communities planning Wikipedia’s 25th birthday events with funding between USD 1,000–2,000. Apply before March 31.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Experiments''': The Foundation is frequently conducting experiments to help learn what features will be most effective and valuable to the projects. [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|The list of experiments in Product and Technology]], tracks upcoming, live, in-analysis, and completed experiments as well as their rationale. For example, the tracker shares that [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology#Upcoming|one upcoming experiment, Reader to Contributor Baseline]], will measure how many readers create contributor accounts and whether the rate differs depending on how people arrived to the site.
*'''Article guidance''': Help less experienced editors by filling out a questionnaire [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on this page]] (available in 7 languages). The Foundation are looking particularly for experienced Wikipedia editors from these [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]]. Your answers will help [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|customize guidance for less experienced editors while creating an article]].
*'''Wikifunctions:''' You can now create Functions that will [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-06|show a citation in their output.]]
*'''Editing feature''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] is available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines.
*'''Paste Check''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] is now available at all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation.
*'''Mobile experience''': The user menu in the top corner for all mobile users [[phab:T413912|is standardized]] so that it is closer to the desktop experience to improve the user interface for readers.
*'''Two-factor authentication''': For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]].
*'''Tech News''': Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/03/02/tech-news-2026-week-10/|10]] and [[diffblog:2026/03/09/tech-news-2026-week-11/|11]] include the new GraphQL API has been released as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS). They also link to the 50 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.

[[File:Mervat Salman.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/09/wikicelebrate-mervat-a-decade-of-building-knowledge-community-and-trust/ WikiCelebrates Mervat.]]]

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''WikiCelebrate''': [[diffblog:2026/03/09/wikicelebrate-mervat-a-decade-of-building-knowledge-community-and-trust/|Celebrating Mervat]], one of the most experienced and dedicated contributors to Arabic Wikipedia.
*'''Wikimedia ecosystem''': The [[diffblog:2026/03/05/draft-proposal-for-a-future-affiliate-landscape/|pilot on the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations]] has published a draft proposal for a [[m:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Future Affiliate Landscape|Future Affiliate Landscape]]. It welcomes your review and [[m:Talk:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Future Affiliate Landscape|feedback]].
*'''Fundraising''': The Fundraising Report 2024–2025 has now been [[m:Fundraising/2024-25 Report|published]] on meta.
*'''International Women's Day 2026:''' [[diffblog:2026/03/10/international-womens-day-2026-women-visibility-and-the-future-of-trusted-knowledge-on-wikimedia/|Women, visibility, and the future of trusted knowledge on Wikimedia]].
*'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2026/03/12/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-january-2026/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Wiki Loves Earth 2025''': [[foundationsite:news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/|See the winners]] from the 13th annual edition of the globe-trotting photo contest.
*'''Wikimania 2026''': While most Wikimania program submissions are closed, [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Program/Research|the research track is open until March 31]]. It accepts proposals from both professional researchers and Wikimedians.

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/05|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:17, 17 Oṣù Ẹ̀rẹ̀nà 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=30218350 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on March 13. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/6|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:Adapted Wikipedia20symbols mobile w.svg|right|thumb|200px|Editing on the mobile apps]]
'''Highlights'''

*'''Supporting the mobile experience''': The Foundation is starting conversations with communities to [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|explore how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The goal is to understand how to better support both new and experienced editors, and how the app can guide users to the right editing tools. Your input is welcome. Join the [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|discussion]]!
*'''Wikimania 2026''': [[diffblog:2026/03/25/registration-for-wikimania-paris-is-opening-soon/|Registration for Wikimania 2026]] is opening soon from the end of March to May 1. Like other Wikimedia events this year, we are introducing a &quot;request for invitation&quot; process, with trust and safety checks conducted prior to confirming in-person attendance. Our priority is to create a safe environment for connection, collaboration, and shared learning.
*'''Around the Puzzle Globe in the CEE region''': On March 23 almost 60 Wikimedians took part in [[m:Event:CEE Catch Up: Around the Puzzle Globe|the CEE-Catch up]]- a meeting for Wikimedians from Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. As a part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|continuous conversations]] we have with the communities around the Foundation's annual plan, participants discussed the global trends related to Readers and Contributors in their regional context. The meeting was also an opportunity to connect with the new Foundation CEO, Bernadette Meehan, who is meeting communities [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Chief Executive Officer/Around the puzzle globe|around the puzzle globe]] to listen, learn and engage with the communities.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Crawlers:''' The Foundation is now [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|detecting and blocking billions of bot requests]] that don’t follow our robot policy, such as aggressive scrapers, to make sure our resources go towards serving human readers. In the coming months we’ll be working on better detection of rapidly changing bot behavior and better API infrastructure.
*'''Moderator tools for newer editors''': Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to an [[mw:Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of Special:PersonalDashboard]]. It introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project.
*'''Account creation on mobile''': Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] are now presented with a simplified logged-out warning message, which encourages them to create an account or log in. This test is part of our ongoing effort to enhance the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and increase participation.
*'''Verification email redesign:''' [[phab:T416748|The verification email sent to new accounts]] that add an email address during signup has been redesigned. When tested on English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, and Wikidata, the same-week email verification rate increased from 41.6% to 45.9%.
*'''Retaining notification history''': Wikimedia site users can export their notifications older than 5 years using [[toolforge:echo-chamber|a new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain important notifications and avoid losing them based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, [[phab:T383948|as previously announced]].
*'''Tech News''': Latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/03/16/tech-news-2026-week-12/|12]] and [[diffblog:2026/03/23/tech-news-2026-week-13/|13]] include the update that Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys as a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. See also the 64 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.
*'''Experiments''': Check out [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|the list of experiments in Product and Technology]] to see all upcoming, live, in-analysis, and completed experiments. One new experiment that just went live is the &quot;Improve the logged-out warning message on mobile web,&quot; which aims to reduce the sense of friction or alarm when users encounter the logged-out warning upon editing.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Microtask generator tool.png|right|thumb|200px|Screenshot of the Microtask generator tool.]]

*'''Digital rights and free knowledge''': Wikimedia Foundation staff and Wikimedians from across the movement will contribute to [[diffblog:2026/03/16/wikimedians-champion-digital-rights-and-free-knowledge-at-rightscon-2026-join-the-global-conversation-wherever-you-are/|important conversations on AI governance, information integrity, and equitable access to knowledge at RightsCon 2026]] from May 5–8. [https://www.rightscon.org/registration/ Join the conversation virtually].
*'''Microtask Generator''': [[diffblog:2026/03/23/from-overwhelming-lists-to-bite-sized-edits-meet-the-microtask-generator/|Learn more about the Microtask Generator]], a tool which identifies content quality gaps in Wikipedia articles and suggests tasks for editors to address within a dashboard. Users can input lists of articles for analysis, or get recommendations based on article categories. Ideal for edit-a-thons and other article improvement drives.
*'''WikiLearn''': Discover [[diffblog:2026/03/12/wikilearn-news-march-2026/|the latest edition of WikiLearn News]] where you can find the latest online learning opportunities to take your editing skills to new heights.
*'''Diff Event calendar''': [[diffblog:2026/03/11/movement-events-on-the-move-diff-event-calendar-transitions-to-meta-wiki/|The event calendar on Diff is now redirected]] to [[m:Special:AllEvents|the list of events on Meta-wiki]]. This list pulls in all events that are open to all wikis.
*'''Grantmaking Strategy''': The GRDC has identified the [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Key challenges for a new Grantmaking Strategy|key challenges that will inform the design of the new Grantmaking Strategy]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Audit report''': Highlights from the [[diffblog:2026/03/19/highlights-from-the-wikimedia-endowments-fiscal-year-2024-2025-audit-report/|Wikimedia Endowment’s fiscal year 2024-2025 audit report]].
*'''Enterprise partnerships''': Wikimedia Enterprise announced new partnerships. Together with [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/firecrawl-replaces-wikipedia-scraping-with-enterprise-apis/ Firecrawl to reform how AI agents access the world’s largest online repository of human knowledge] and with [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/aligned-ai-is-developing-ethical-ai/ Aligned AI to develop Ethical AI products for families by providing Wikimedia Enterprise Snapshot API].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Endowment Board''': [[diffblog:2026/03/24/welcoming-nataliia-tymkiv-to-the-wikimedia-endowment-board/|Welcoming Nataliia Tymkiv to the Wikimedia Endowment Board of Directors]].
*'''Affiliate recognition''': Affiliations Committee [[diffblog:2026/03/26/affiliate-recognition-pause-extended-until-september-2026/|extended the pause on new affiliate recognition to September 1, 2026]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/6|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:04, 31 Oṣù Ẹ̀rẹ̀nà 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on March 28. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/7|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:People browsing on smartphone together - RWiC.png|right|thumb|150px|]]

'''Highlights'''
*'''Community Wishlist update''': This [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#April 7, 2026: What we have done so far and what the team will be working on in the next months|monthly update covers]] how 44 wishes were fulfilled, 17 are in progress, and 15 more will start work soon. It includes completion of work on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]], which allow users to add labels to items in their watchlist to help with managing and filtering; fixing a bug with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W265|preview page feature]]; indexing of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W303|Commons on Google &amp; DuckDuckGo search]]; and a wish simplifying the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W141|insertion of maths formulas]] in articles. You can submit, vote on, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes|subscribe to wishes]] here.
*'''Goal setting for edit-a-thons''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|group goal-setting feature]], enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. This feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Join the [[m:Event:Connection learning session 5|Connection Learning Session]] on April 14 at 16:00 UTC to learn more about this feature and new ways to promote events and campaigns to editors.
*'''Collaboration with the United Nations''': Learn how the Foundation [[diffblog:2026/03/27/securing-our-collective-voice-why-engaging-with-the-united-nations-is-key-to-protecting-free-knowledge/|engages with the United Nations]] to secure our collective voice and protect free knowledge.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]''' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Mobile page previews mock.png|right|thumb|150px|Design mock for mobile page previews.]]
*'''Navigating articles on mobile''': The Foundation is [[:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Phase 1: Mobile page previews|launching an experiment]] to test how to make it easier and more intuitive for readers to navigate through articles on mobile. To do this, we want to test [[mw:Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Mobile Page Previews.]] This experiment will go live the week of April 20 and will run for four weeks.
*'''Editing tools for new editors''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Tone check|Tone Check]] was [[phab:T419177|deployed on French, Japanese, and Portuguese Wikipedia]] as a default-on feature for editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When promotional or subjective language is added, users are prompted to consider &quot;neutralizing&quot; the tone of the edit.
*'''Managing watchlist labels''': The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the &quot;watchstar&quot; (or watch link, for skins that don’t have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[m:Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]].
*'''Latest experiments''': See all upcoming, live, in-analysis, and completed [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]]. A new experiment that just went live is one which aims to establish a [[phab:T419634|baseline retention rate]] for logged-in readers.
*'''Latest Wikifunctions''': Check out the [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-02#Fresh Functions weekly: 102 new Functions|partial list]] of the 102 new functions created last week – likely the first week we have exceeded 100.
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/03/30/tech-news-2026-week-14/|14]] and [[diffblog:2026/04/06/tech-news-2026-week-15/|15]] include an [[mw:Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|ongoing A/B test]] running on 10 Wikipedias to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. See also the 68 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.
*'''Community discussions on Semantic Search''': The Wikimedia Foundation, in collaboration with the CEE Hub, hosted a discussion session on [[diffblog:2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/|Semantic Search]] for members of the CEE Youth Group.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Don't Blink!''': This month's [[diffblog:2026/04/05/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-february-2026/|highlights from the Global Advocacy team]] include how the Wikimedia Foundation co-presented alongside the Internet Archive at the State of the Net conference.
*'''Digital rights and inclusion''': Take a look at the [[diffblog:2026/04/07/youth-inclusion-open-data-inclusive-language-at-drif26-wikimedians-bring-community-solutions-to-shape-the-future/|sessions]] that Wikimedians and allied partners will lead during Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum [https://drif.paradigmhq.org/ (DRIF)] 2026.
*'''Manuscript preservation''': The Wikimedia Foundation supported [[diffblog:2026/03/28/reconnecting-balinese-manuscripts-with-local-voices-wikisami-university-workshops-in-bali/|volunteer-lead workshops]] to write Balinese Wikipedia articles about palm-leaf manuscripts (''lontar'') from the Leiden University Library collection.
*'''Youth content creators''': Wikimedia Indonesia, together with the Wikimedia Foundation, delivered an [[diffblog:2026/04/06/asean-y-impact-content-creators-engage-with-the-wikimedia-movement/|introductory session on Wikipedia]] for young content creators representing all 11 ASEAN member states.
*'''Legal and Safety Contacts''': The Wikimedia Foundation has created a single [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|&quot;Legal and Safety Contacts&quot; page]], to be linked in the footer of each wiki page. This will ensure that everyone has access to accurate and up to date Legal contact information. Insertion of the new links on different wikis will be done in stages, based on assessment of legal risk and necessity.
*'''Building shared principals for the internet as a public good:''' The Global Advocacy team [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com/a-shared-path-reinventing-an-internet-in-latin-america-that-serves-people-not-power-62b71c122ebf published a blog] with the Center for Studies on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information ([https://observatoriolegislativocele.com/en/ CELE]) and the Electronic Frontier Foundation ([https://www.eff.org/ EFF]) summarizing a workshop that brought together digital rights advocates from Latin America to dream of a &quot;digital utopia.&quot;

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikidata API''': Wikidata’s structured knowledge [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/wikidata-api-endpoints-wikimedia-enterprise/ is now available] through Wikimedia Enterprise.
*'''Annual Planning and global trends''': Join the [[m:Event:America APP call|America APP call]] on April 21 at 18:00 UTC. This meeting is an opportunity for the Latin American community to ensure that the region's voice helps shape the Wikimedia Foundation's work and priorities for the next fiscal year. The call will be in Spanish with interpretation into Portuguese and English. The [[m:Wikimedia EDs and Foundation meetings|last meeting]] between Wikimedia EDs and Foundation staff was dedicated to discuss global trends too. More discussions are [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration#On-Wiki|happening on-wiki]] and in [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration#Co-created Community spaces|community spaces]] around different regions and projects.
*'''Futures Lab:''' The world is changing around us. As the Wikimedia movement navigates this moment over a hundred Wikimedians from different Wikimedia projects came together to deepen our understanding of how these trends are impacting our people and projects at the [[diffblog:/2026/04/09/inside-the-wikimedia-futures-lab-how-the-wikimedia-movement-is-responding-to-a-changing-internet/|Wikimedia Futures Lab.]] 
*'''Fundraising Hub:''' The Wikimedia Foundation has launched [[:en:Wikipedia:Fundraising/Fundraising Hub|Fundraising Hub]] on English Wikipedia. The first discussion you can participate in is about distributing fundraising banner on English Wikipedia throughout the year.

'''Board and Board committee updates''' 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Ombuds Commission''': Announcement of the [[m:Talk:Ombuds commission#Announcing the 2026 Ombuds Commission|2026 Ombuds Commission]], the small group of volunteers who investigate complaints about violations of the Privacy Policy, the Access to Nonpublic Personal Data Policy, the CheckUser Policy and the Oversight Policy.
*'''Wikinews closure''': All Wikinews editions will be [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|closed]] and switched to read-only mode on May 4. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles will be able to be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions.

'''Other Movement-curated newsletters &amp; news'''
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/7|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:10, 14 Oṣù Igbe 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=30380476 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 8&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on April 10. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/08|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:WP25 Graphics Cursor.png|right|thumb|150px|]]

'''Highlights'''

*'''Annual Planning''': The Wikimedia Foundation published the [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|draft Annual Plan]] for the coming fiscal year (2026&amp;ndash;2027) which will focus on four main goals that directly respond to the external trends. The goals include increasing our reach, deepening engagement, protecting our projects and building speed and resilience to enable the change needed to respond to the internet being at an inflection point. Feedback welcome on [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|the talk page]] and [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|many other places]].
*'''Global conversation''': A [[:m:Event:Global Call: Annual Planning Around the Puzzle Globe|global conversation about the Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]] will take place on May 7 at 5:00 PM UTC.
*'''Sustainable reuse of Wikimedia content''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. It makes it easier to credit Wikimedia content fairly wherever it is used. It provides all information required by the [https://wikimedia-attribution.toolforge.org/ Wikimedia Attribution Framework] in a single, well-structured and easy-to-use endpoint, simplifying attribution for off-wiki reuse. Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]].

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Feedback on Article guidance''': Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature. This tool helps less-experienced editors create structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Review [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines] and share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Check out the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|step-by-step]] and [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] instructions.
*'''Games Hub available on Android''': The Games Hub is live in the Wikipedia app for Android. This new feature offers a space for users to find all available [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Games|games]] in one place, explore archives, and get updates on new games. It currently includes ''[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TriviaGame|Which Came First?]]'', with more games coming soon.
*'''Update to Wikipedia app for iOS''': A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS has rolled out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple’s latest “Liquid Glass” visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.
*'''Confirming email addresses''': On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven’t [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] now see a banner encouraging them to do so. [[mw:Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Confirming the email address]] helps users restore account access if they lose it and receive messages about their accounts. It also provides an easy option to communicate with other users off-wiki if they choose. As of early 2026, about 62.9% of all registered Wikimedia [[metawiki:Help:Unified login|user accounts]] that have an email set had not confirmed it.
*'''Testing mobile web page previews''': [[mw:Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Mobile page previews]] experiment was launched on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page previews are pop-ups that show a thumbnail, a lead paragraph, and a link to the full article to improve content discovery. It is already available on desktop and in the apps.
*'''Account creation experiment''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account creation experiment]] is live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia targeting 10% of logged-out mobile web users. It looks at whether adding a button to create accounts in the mobile web header boosts new registrations and increases mobile users contributing to the wikis.
*'''Experimenting with Hybrid Search on mobile apps''': The Hybrid Search [[mw:Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Phase 1 experiment]] on the Wikipedia Android app has concluded. It tested a combined keyword and meaning-based search methods to meet various information needs. The team is analyzing data and feedback, and will share insights and next steps soon.
[[File:Android Explore Feed Top Read.png|right|thumb|150px|Top read element on the current Explore Feed on Android]]
*'''Latest experiments''': See all live, upcoming, and completed [[metawiki:List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]]. One [[phab:T419916|upcoming experiment]] is testing a refreshed Explore Feed to make it easier for readers to discover interesting content and visit Wikipedia app more often.
*'''Wikifunctions''': Wikifunctions crossed 4,000 functions, with [[f:Z33366|subtracting two complex numbers]] as the 4,000th function. Also, Abstract Wikipedia reached 1,000 articles. The article about the famous Indian Brahmin [[abstract:Q9045|Chanakya]] marked this milestone. 
*'''Reading lists now a beta feature''': New accounts are now opted into [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] by default on all Wikipedia wikis. This brings the &quot;Save pages&quot; feature to the web, which has been popular in mobile apps. For users in the beta, a &quot;Save page&quot; (bookmark) button appears in the toolbar on every page. The watch/unwatch (star) option moves to the tools menu. The &quot;Watchlist&quot; button in the top navigation shifts to the user menu. A new &quot;Saved pages&quot; button takes its place. In June, the feature will be available to all users and a user preference will be added to choose between two sets of buttons: Watch + Watchlist or Save + Saved list. The other set will be in the tool and user menus.
*'''Structured Contents''': Article Images and Lists now in [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-article-images-and-lists/ Structured Contents payloads].
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/04/13/tech-news-2026-issue-16/|16]] and [[diffblog:2026/04/20/tech-news-2026-issue-17/|17]] include CodeMirror 6 being promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. See also the 45 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikimedia Research Fund submissions in review:''' The submission period for this year's [[metawiki:Grants:Programs/Wikimedia Research &amp; Technology Fund/Wikimedia Research Fund|Wikimedia Research Fund]] is now closed. The technical and internal reviews of [[metawiki:Category:Under review Wikimedia Research Fund applications in FY 2025-26|the proposals]] have begun.
*'''Events and conferences''': Take a look at the different community events happening later this year: [[metawiki:ESEAP Conference 2026|ESEAP Conference]] (May 15-17), [[metawiki:WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India]] (Sep 4-6), [[wcna:2026/Main Page|WikiConference North America]] (Sep 24-27), [[metawiki:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference]] (Oct 2 to 4), [[metawiki:Queering Wiki 2026|Queering Wiki]] (Oct 23-25), [[metawiki:WikiArabia 2026|WikiArabia]] (Nov 6-8).
*'''Around the puzzle globe in the America region''': More than 60 people joined [[metawiki:Event:America APP call|America call]] to discuss the annual plan and the global trends impacting the movement. Participants came from across the region, and the audience included a mix of affiliates from LATAM, online contributors, and users with extended rights.
*'''Transparency Report:''' The Wikimedia Foundation published a [[foundationsite:who-we-are/transparency/2025-2/|transparency report]] covering July to December 2025.

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Board selection process''': The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees is reviewing and improving [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Debrief|how it selects new members]]. The goal is to ensure that there is the right mix of expertise and community representation on the board. Join the conversation and share your ideas on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Debrief|the talk page]]. 


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/08|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 04:21, 29 Oṣù Igbe 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=30449136 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 9&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on April 25. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/09|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Highlights'''

*'''Community Protection''': Wikimedia Foundation [[diffblog:2026/04/30/wikimedia-foundation-secured-governments-commitment-to-user-safety-privacy-and-content-integrity-ahead-of-administrative-registration-in-indonesia/|secured Indonesian government’s commitment]] to user safety, privacy, and content integrity ahead of administrative registration in Indonesia.
*'''Stronger protections against bots''': Wikimedia Foundation is replacing our CAPTCHA with [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|a new approach]] to detect bad-faith activities without making things harder for users.
*'''Transparency Report:''' The Wikimedia Foundation has published its latest [[foundationsite:who-we-are/transparency/2025-2/|Transparency Report]]. This provides an overview of the work to protect Wikimedia projects and support the volunteer communities who handle the majority of content requests. Our users trust us to protect their identities against unlawful disclosure, and we take this responsibility seriously, granting only 1 of 30 requests for disclosure we received from July to December 2025.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Wikipedia app Reading Challenge - Opt into challenge.png|right|thumb|150px|Mock-up of the Wikipedia app reading challenge.]]
*'''Reading Challenge''': As part of the 25th birthday celebrations, Wikipedia Mobile Apps launched a limited-time feature, the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/25th Birthday Reading Challenge|25-day reading challenge with Baby Globe]]. This challenge encourages a daily habit of reading one Wikipedia article. The goal is to motivate users to come back to the app regularly.
*'''Latest experiments''': One [[mw:Product Safety and Integrity/Incident Reporting System#April 2026: Trial on English Wikipedia|upcoming experiment]] is introducing the Incident Reporting System (IRS) to help contributors easily find the right place to seek help when facing harassment or other issues. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]].
*'''Change in how new users are autoconfirmed''': The account age for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed users]] will [[phab:T418484|now start]] from their first edit, not the registration date. This is to avoid exploitation by vandals. This change will only apply to wikis that require at least one edit for autoconfirmation.
*'''Organized Reading lists''': All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the “automatically enable most beta features” option can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature. This lets you save articles for later reading and keep it organized in one place for easy access.
*'''Thumbnail size preferences''': Default thumbnail size preference for article content is now [[phab:T424909|limited to three sizes]]: Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px). This change aims to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. Current preferences will shift to the nearest new size.
*'''Wikifunctions''': To make the development of Abstract Wikipedia visible, the Foundation is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-02|requesting your input]]: which metrics about Abstract Wikipedia pages do you deem important?
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/04/27/tech-news-2026-issue-18/|18]] and [[diffblog:2026/05/04/tech-news-2026-issue-19/|19]] include improvements on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]]. See also the 62 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Annual Planning''': We welcome your [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|feedback]] on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|the main talk page]] for the 2026–2027 draft Annual Plan and [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|many other places]] for the coming fiscal year.
*'''Wikimania''': Wikimania is a joyful event. It is a chance to celebrate our community and projects, share ideas and information, build connections among Wikimedians, and inspire and develop future projects. If you and your community are interested in hosting Wikimania in 2028 and 2029 submit an [[wmania:Wikimania:Expressions of Interest/Current call|expressions of interest]].
*'''Community Conferences''': The Foundation is supporting [[diffblog:2026/05/04/approved-wikimedia-conference-proposals-for-2026-round-2-continuing-to-connect-grow-and-learn-together/|15 strategic, diverse, and critical convenings]] taking place in 2026 and 2027, bringing together approximately 1800 Wikimedians across various regions, themes, and language communities.
*'''Don't blink''': [[diffblog:2026/05/02/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-march-2026/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Wiki Loves Monuments''': The winners of the 2025 Wiki Loves Monuments photo contest [[foundationsite:news/2026/04/29/2025-wiki-loves-monuments-photo-contest/|are announced]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Enterprise''': How CivicLens Uses Wikidata APIs to [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/how-civiclens-uses-wikidata-apis/ Make Civic Data More Accessible].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Wikinews closure''': All Wikinews have been [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|closed]] and switched to read-only mode. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles will be able to be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions.
*'''Affcom News''': Read [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|the latest issue of AffCom News (January-March 2026)]] to learn more about the latest news about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]].
*'''Model for affiliates to support contributors through tools''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space.
*'''Grantmaking''': The Global Resource Distribution Committee closed their request for feedback on [[m:Talk:Global Resource Distribution Committee#Request for feedback: What are the most significant challenges your community faces as it relates to resource distribution within the movement?|three initial questions about grantmaking]], and published their [[m:Talk:Global Resource Distribution Committee#GRDC update – April 2026|monthly update for April]].

'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

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'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/09|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:58, 12 Oṣù Ẹ̀bìbì 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 10&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on May 8. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/10|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Highlights'''
*'''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product &amp; Technology [[m:Community_Wishlist/Updates#May_20,_2026:_Community_Tech_becomes_a_program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community_Wishlist#Proposed_direction_for_Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]].
*'''Digital Public Goods''': The Wikimedia Foundation [[foundationsite:news/2026/05/13/wikimedia-foundation-joins-the-digital-public-goods-alliance/|has become a member]] of the Digital Public Goods Alliance (DPGA).
*'''Better bot detection''': A [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]] on several Wikipedias, including English, French, and Japanese, showed it can effectively detect and deter bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Based on these results, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Attribution examples.png|right|thumb|200px|Example of the Attribution Framework recommendations.]]

*'''A better way to give credit''': [[diffblog:2026/05/18/a-better-way-to-give-credit-introducing-the-wikimedia-attribution-framework-and-api/|The Wikimedia Attribution Framework and API]] makes it simple for developers to fairly credit volunteer contribution. When anyone encounters Wikimedia content, we want them to know that it comes from our projects, and they are invited to participate.
*'''Baby Globe joins the Reading Challenge''': The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps released the [[foundationsite:news/2026/05/19/want-to-read-more-download-the-wikipedia-app/|25-day reading challenge]], to drive readers engagement through reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen.
*'''Account security''': The Foundation is technically enforcing that all [[m:Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|privileges that enable users to take security- or privacy-sensitive actions]] can only be held by users who have enabled [[m:Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. Logging in with passkeys is quicker than logging in without two-factor authentication. In addition, logged-in users can see a banner encouraging them to confirm their email address. These changes secure individual accounts as well as communities and the wikis.
*'''Incident reporting form''': The Foundation began a [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (WMF)#Two-month trial of an incident reporting form|trial on English Wikipedia]] of the incident reporting form. 60% of unblocked logged-in users see a new Report button, allowing them to report conduct issues.
*'''Encouraging account creation''': Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis this week. [[phab:T424595|The change]] will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session.
*'''Wikimedia Android App''': The Wikipedia Android App is at the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of redesigning its Home Feed. The new feed includes two tabs: ''Community,'' featuring refreshed Explore content, and ''For You,'' with personalized reading recommendations based on reader interests and activity. The ''For You'' feed refreshes daily with updated suggestions.
*'''Better discovery of images''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature was rolled out for all Wikipedias on mobile following two successful experiments. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article’s images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing#Phase 2.1 beta feature|exclude images from the article’s carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]].
*'''Reading Lists feature''': The Foundation is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18 on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and will run for a month.
[[File:Quote share design mockup.png|right|thumb|200px|A design mockup of what the share card looks like.]]
*'''Testing Suggestion Mode''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure its impact on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. It will also evaluate the feature’s impact on editor retention and monitor changes in revert and block rates.
*'''Wikifunctions now supports Wikidata references''': References in Wikidata statements are now [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-08|available on Wikifunctions]], and you now can use external links in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-06|Wikifunctions-generated citations]]. This allows the use of more than 1.3 billion references available in Wikidata and adding them as citations to individual statements in Abstract Wikipedia.
*'''Pilot wikis adopting Abstract Wikipedia:''' The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]].
*'''Latest experiments''': An [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|upcoming experiment]] is testing whether we can serve readers better when a footnote click in read mode shows the full bibliographic information rather than flying them to the reference list. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]].
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/05/11/tech-news-2026-issue-20/|20]], [[diffblog:2026/05/18/tech-news-2026-issue-21/|21]], [[diffblog:2026/05/25/tech-news-2026-issue-22/|22]], [[diffblog:2026/06/01/tech-news-2026-issue-23/|23]] include an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Share Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles and share them online See also the 92 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Tech blog moved to Diff''': The [[diffblog:2026/05/28/a-diff-tech-blog/|migration of the Techblog to Diff]] is now complete: 138 posts going back over a decade have been successfully migrated. Diff is now happy to welcome technology-focused blog posts with renewed vigor.
*'''What’s new in the Wikipedia Library''': Access to the American Psychological Association was renewed and collections from the Harvard Business Review and Swiss Media Database (Swissdox) are now available to editors who are eligible for [[diffblog:2026/05/31/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-jan-mar-2026/|The Wikipedia Library]].
*'''New course on WikiLearn''': [[diffblog:2026/05/29/a-new-online-course-for-researchers-who-want-to-make-their-field-more-visible-on-wikipedia/|A free self-paced online course]], designed for researchers who want to make their field more visible on Wikipedia, was launched on WikiLearn. Share &quot;[https://learn.wiki/courses/course-v1:WikimediaFoundation+WR001+2026/about Wikipedia for Researchers]” if you work with early-career researchers, teach in an academic institution, or support open knowledge communities.
*'''Wiki Mentor Africa:''' The first edition of [[diffblog:2026/05/29/wiki-mentor-africa-women-tech-summit-a-story-of-learning-confidence-and-community/|Wiki Mentor Africa - Women Tech Summit]] brought together over 315 registered participants across Africa to learn, explore, and grow in tech together.
*'''Let's Connect Learning Clinic''': If you missed it, you can now [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnjFIQVJVnU watch the recording] of the Let's Connect Learning Clinic &quot;How to support up-and-coming groups in the movement as a long-time Wikimedian&quot; with Wikimedistas El Salvador.
*'''Community Conferences''': Registration for [[diffblog:2026/06/02/wikiconference-north-america-registration-opens-on-june-3/|WikiConference North America]] and [[diffblog:2026/05/30/call-for-self-funded-registration-now-open-queering-wiki-conference-2026/|Queering Wiki Conference]] is now opened. [[diffblog:2026/05/15/programme-submissions-call-for-speakers-for-the-queering-wiki-2026-conference-is-now-open/|Call for Speakers]] for the Queering Wiki is also opened until June 30.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Sharing the Form 990s:''' The Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikimedia Endowment published their Form 990s, covering the fiscal year that ran from July 2024 to June 2025. The Form 990 is an annual form required of all nonprofit organizations in the United States. You can read the [[diffblog:2026/05/18/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundation-and-wikimedia-endowment-fiscal-year-2024-2025-form-990s/|highlights]] on [[m:IRS tax related information/2024 Wikimedia Foundation Form 990 Frequently Asked Questions|Form 990 for the Foundation]] and [[m:Wikimedia Endowment reports/Financial/Form 990/2024-2025 - frequently asked questions|Form 990 for the Endowment]] on Meta-Wiki.
*'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': Wikimedia Enterprise's free API accounts gets [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ a substantial upgrade] across the Snapshot and On-demand APIs, including free access to Structured Contents Snapshots.
*'''Structured Contents''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/how-databricks-parsed-wikipedia-to-markdown-with-python/ How Databricks Parsed Wikipedia] to Markdown with Python.

'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Board selection process''': The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees is reviewing and improving [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Debrief|how it selects new members]]. The goal is to ensure that there is the right mix of expertise and community representation on the board. Join the conversation on [[m:Event:Board Selection Process Conversation - June 2026|16 June at 17:00 UTC]], and share your ideas on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Debrief|the talk page]].


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/10|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:31, 9 Oṣù Òkúdu 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 11&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on June 5. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/11|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Highlights'''

[[File:Baby Globe in Paris.gif|thumb|150px|The Wikimania program [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ is now live]!]]
*'''Community Wishlist''': Weigh in on proposals and open questions on how the [[m:Community_Wishlist/Updates#June_17,_2026:_Wishlist_program_in_the_future|wishlist will operate in the future.]]
*'''Simplifying account creation:''' The Foundation is working on improving the [[diffblog:2026/06/11/wikipedias-account-creation-process-is-broken/|account creation process]] to reduce potential friction for newcomers to create an account. Improvements include making &quot;Create Account&quot; icon more prominent on mobile, simplifying the registration form, and introducing real-time username validation.
*'''New U4C members elected:''' The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Results|new members]] and has two remaining vacancies in Middle East &amp; North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.
*'''Wikimania conference program''': The Wikimania 2026 program is [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ now live]! Take a moment to review the program, and, if you are logged in, you can mark your &quot;must see” sessions with a star to start building your personal schedule. Register for [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/#tickets a virtual ticket] here, if you haven't signed up yet.
*'''Neutral Point of View''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|A proposal for a baseline NPOV standard]] for Wikipedias that do not have one was published, with [[m:Talk:Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|a community discussion]] open until July 15, 2026. 

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:Phase 1 Feed - Community Tab.jpg|thumb|250px|Screenshot showing the Explore Feed refresh in the Wikipedia app (from the Community tab entry point)]]
*'''App Explore feed''': The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|redesigned App Explore feed]], now called &quot;Home&quot;, has been released to all Android users. The update introduces a refreshed feed experience along with the first set of new content modules, including Did You Know, Places of Interest, Random Article, and a new end-of-feed experience. Additional content and improvements are planned in future releases.
*'''Wikipedia games''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/&quot;Which came first?&quot; Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia’s “On This Day” content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first.
*'''Reusing references''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, has been rolled out to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia following a successful pilot phase.
*'''Article guidance''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:en:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page.
*'''Mobile Page Previews''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded with the decision not to roll out the feature. The results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention – the primary success metric. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link.
*'''Wikifunctions''': You can now [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-05|add images]] to Abstract Wikipedia and the loading and display of test results when viewing Functions has been improved.
*'''Wikidata''': The Foundation is migrating the [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service|Wikidata Query Service]] (WDQS) away from the Blazegraph backend since it no longer scales efficiently with Wikidata’s growth. The migration will take place in several phases. Here is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update#Migration Phases (more detail to come)|the timeline]].
*'''Growth features:''' Growth features are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]!''' ''' Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration, but this update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits).
*'''Mentors' management''': The Growth team will soon provide a system to automatically suspend or remove inactive mentors from the [[mw:help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|list of mentors]]. Communities can already start configuring the process in the Community Configuration.
*'''Collaborative''' '''Contributions''': If you need help setting up the Collaborative Contributions and the Goal setting features, check out these [[c:Category:Collaborative contributions video guides|video guides]]. These features allow you to view which edits are made during an event and allows the group to track progress against a goal with a public progress bar. [[mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions|Learn more]].
*'''Latest experiments''': An [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|upcoming experiment]] is testing whether we can serve readers better when a footnote click in read mode shows the full bibliographic information rather than flying them to the reference list. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]].
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/06/08/tech-news-2026-issue-24/|24]] and [[diffblog:2026/06/15/tech-news-2026-issue-25/|25]] include how the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] is [[phab:T399175|being updated.]] Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. See also the 62 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Digital Safety''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Community_Resilience_and_Sustainability/Human_Rights/Office_Hours_FY25/26_Q4|Join a conversation about Using AI Safely.]] It'll explore risks &amp; concerns of using AI tools in personal and organisational contexts and practical strategies to reduce those risks. It will take place at 03:30 UTC &amp; 14:30 UTC on June 26. This session is not about using AI to edit Wikipedia. It's focused entirely on safe personal and organisational use.
*'''Don't Blink''': Read [[diffblog:2026/06/06/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-april-2026/|the latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. Highlights include exploring the implications that new child safety regulations have on privacy online.
*'''Grantmaking strategy &amp; Affiliate model''': Members of the [[m:Global_Resource_Distribution_Committee|Global Resources Distribution Committee]] (GRDC) and the [[m:Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] met to advance two key movement initiatives: the development of a new Grantmaking strategy and a refreshed Affiliate Model. They produced initial proposals and advanced work on both initiatives ahead of broader conversations planned for Wikimania 2026.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/how-simppl-fact-checks-social-media/ SimPPL Uses Wikimedia Enterprise] to Map Online Conversations and Fact-Check Social Media.


'''Other Movement curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&lt;/small&gt;

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'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/11|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:38, 23 Oṣù Òkúdu 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on June 19. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/12|translate]].''

This edition uses the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|new annual plan goals]] for this fiscal year (July 2026–June 2027).&lt;/div&gt;
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'''Highlights'''
*'''Wikipedia 25''': Wikipedia's 25th birthday was celebrated with various projects designed to grow awareness and support for Wikipedia and the people who make it possible. This includes the virtual birthday event on January 15, which garnered 10,000 live viewers and 15,000 reactions. Find more details on all related projects and results in [[m:Wikipedia 25/Results|the program report]].
*'''Sustainable use of Wikimedia infrastructure''': A valid user-agent string will now be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change.
*'''Increasing account creation''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|The experiment]] providing direct access to “Create account” and “Log in” actions on mobile increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality. The feature will now be [[phab:T428220|rolled out to all wikis]] on mobile web.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&amp;nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing – add details to a main reference.png|thumb|250px|With Sub-referencing editors can reuse and add details to a main reference.]]
*'''Add A Link''': The Foundation deployed [[mw:Help:Suggestion mode#Add a link|Add A Link]] as a default-on suggestion within [[mw:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]]. It is now launched on all wikis to all editors who have opted in to the Suggestion Beta Feature.
*'''Reusing references''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], the new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, was deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions.
*'''Wikifunctions''': Check out [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-26|the 71 new functions]] with implementations to get a taste of what functions have been created.
*'''Range calculator''': The special page [[m:Special:RangeCalculator|Special:RangeCalculator]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers.
*'''Captcha verification''': Abuse filters that are set to “require CAPTCHA verification” now [[phab:T402595|also affect users]] with the &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter.
*'''Latest experiments''': An [[mw:Readers/Reader Experience/WE 3.5.5 Donor badge experiment|upcoming experiment]] is testing two variations of a &quot;thank you&quot; badge shown to donors after a recent donation to deepen the relationship between donors and the Wikimedia movement. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]].
*'''Account security on private wikis''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|Two-factor authentication]] will become mandatory for user accounts on private wikis. This will protect private information from being exposed by an account with a compromised password.
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/06/24/tech-news-2026-issue-26/|26]] and [[diffblog:2026/06/29/tech-news-2026-issue-27/|27]] include users will now get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. See also the 65 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.
*'''Team Challenges''': The core organizing team for Wikimania is introducing [[diffblog:2026/06/24/team-challenges-new-perspectives-and-innovation-at-wikimania-2026/|Team Challenges]], a different approach to Wikimania Hackathon. This year, Wikimedians and professionals from other fields will join forces to undertake one of the 2026 technical challenges.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Enable|Enable]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research newsletter]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Wikimedia Hackathon''': A look at the [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|2026 edition of Wikimedia Hackathon]] which brought together 216 participants from 29 countries building, collaborating, and shaping the future together.
*'''Wikimedia Hubs''': The [[m:Grants:Wikimedia Hub Fund|Hub Fund]] will [[diffblog:2026/06/29/hub-fund-and-hub-piloting-a-look-back-and-whats-ahead/|pause funding for new pilots]] in fiscal year 2026–2027 to align with the work on the Ecosystem of Movement Organizations and the Global Resource Distribution Committee. Existing pilots in transition will be offered an additional year of funding.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Protect|Protect]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter]&amp;nbsp;· [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Open Knowledge And Digital Rights''': Wikimedians shared [[diffblog:2026/06/29/bridging-open-knowledge-and-digital-rights-reflections-from-drif-2026-and-the-wikimedia-community/|their reflections]] on how Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum reinforced the role of our movement within broader digital rights conversations.

'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Reach|Reach]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Journalism Award''': Wikimedia Foundation [[foundationsite:news/2026/06/24/african-journalists-open-the-knowledge-awards-icfj-wikimedia/|announced]] three journalists from Africa as recipients of the [https://www.icfj.org/our-work/open-knowledge-journalism-awards Open the Knowledge Journalism Awards,] run in partnership with the [https://www.icfj.org/ International Center for Journalists] (ICFJ). The awards celebrate the essential role journalists play in creating well-researched articles that volunteer editors can use as source materials to develop content on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. In total, 320 submissions were received from 40 African countries.

'''Other Movement-curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''&lt;/small&gt;

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For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin@wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:54, 7 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on July 3. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/13|translate]]. The work follows [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|annual plan goals]] for this fiscal year (July 2026–June 2027).''&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Wikimania_2026_francophonie_retake_w_colo.png|right|frameless|200x200px]]

'''Highlights'''

*'''Reflections from around the puzzle globe''': Wikimedia Foundation CEO, Bernadette Meehan shares her [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Chief Executive Officer/Updates/Reflections from Around the Puzzle Globe|reflections from around the puzzle globe]].
*'''Wikimania 2026''': [[:wikimania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Wikimania|Wikimania]] is happening this week! After the event, all streamed sessions will be linked in [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ the program on Eventyay] and later uploaded to Commons.
*'''Grantmaking''': The Global Resource Distribution Committee has published a [[m:Global_Resource_Distribution_Committee/Grantmaking_Strategy_2026|Grantmaking Strategy draft]] that sets out a renewed approach to how the Wikimedia Foundation's Community Fund is distributed across the Wikimedia Movement. The GRDC is requesting feedback from volunteers and affiliates, regardless of whether they are grantees or not.
*'''Movement Ecosystem''': [[m:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Recognition and Funding for Movement Organizations|A proposal]] that would update movement affiliate recognition and establish new, connected criteria for eligibility to receive Community Fund grants is [[diffblog:2026/07/08/a-proposal-for-updating-the-wikimedia-movement-recognition-and-funding-model/|now available]] for community review. You are invited to read the proposal and [[m:Talk:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Recognition and Funding for Movement Organizations/Funding Eligibility|participate in the discussion]] until August 7.
*'''AI's impact on Free Knowledge''': How AI [[diffblog:diff.wikimedia.org/2026/07/17/how-ai-threatens-the-social-contract-of-free-knowledge/|threatens the social contract]] of free knowledge and what we can do about it.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&amp;nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia Library owl with text.svg|right|frameless|250x250px]]
*'''The Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2026/07/11/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-april-june-2026/|Five new collections were added]] to the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Wikipedia Library] and a course developed by leading experts in academic publishing and open knowledge was launched.
*'''Women+ contributions in Wikimedia Tech''': [[diffblog:2026/07/13/welcoming-women-into-wikimedia-tech-a-guide-based-on-lived-experiences/|A guide based on lived experience]] on how to address some of the invisible barriers for women+ in more technical Wikimedia spaces and recommendations to become more inclusive. Help further by filling out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|this survey]] to better understand technical contributions by women+ across Wikimedia projects until July 20. 
*'''Structured Experimentation''': [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects/|A reflection on the first year]] of structured experimentation highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes.
*'''Revise Tone test ended''': The A/B test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone]] ended on July 9. It showed that newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone#Experiment Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The feature is now available for everyone on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. 
*'''Keeping mentor list up to date''': Administrators on wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|Growth features are available]] can now automatically remove inactive mentors by configuring the settings at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]] to keep the list updated. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]].
*'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-01|How Abstract Wikipedia fits]] into the Wikimedia Foundation's annual plan FY26/27. 
*'''Wikidata:''' The latest [[d:Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|Wikidata Platform newsletter (July edition)]] shares how to identify and rewrite queries that rely on Blazegraph-specific extensions and affected by the migration off Blazegraph.
*'''Discussion Tools''': On English Wikipedia, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]' Usability Improvements [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Discussion Tools usability improvements becoming default|has now become default]] for talk pages. You can opt-out of these changes at any time [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]]. With this, Discussion Tools are now fully available at all wikis.
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/07/06/tech-news-2026-issue-28/|28]] and [[diffblog:2026/07/13/tech-news-2026-issue-29/|29]] include the new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. See also the 72 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. Overall, from April – June 2026 about [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|337 community tasks]] were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation.
*'''Language inclusivity at Wikimania 2026''': [[diffblog:2026/07/14/language-inclusivity-at-wikimania-2026-live-interpretation-and-more/|New approaches]] to translation and interpretation will be tested at Wikimania this year.
*'''Call for submissions open for Wikimedia Latin America Conference 2026:''' The Wikimedia community in Latin America [[m:Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026/Programa|has opened the call for session proposals]] for the Wikimedia Latin America Conference 2026. Community members are invited to submit proposals for the conference program by August 10.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Protect|Protect]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter]&amp;nbsp;· [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Advocacy''': [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/08/wikimedia-foundation-denied-wipo-permanent-observer-status/|China again blocks the Wikimedia Foundation]] as a permanent observer to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
*'''UK Online Safety Act''': Ofcom, the United Kingdom's Office of Communications, announced that [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/10/wikimedia-foundation-challenges-uk-online-safety-act-regulations/|Wikipedia is not designated as a Category 1]] service under the [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety Online Safety Act] (OSA). This is an important and welcomed outcome as a Category 1 designation could have included privacy and safety risks to our global community of volunteers.
*'''UN Open Source Week edit-a-thon''': Volunteers created 60 new Wikipedia articles and made nearly 700 updates to improve Wikipedia's coverage of UN and open source topics at the second [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/09/un-open-source-week-edit-a-thon-2026/|UN Open Source Week edit-a-thon]] co-hosted by Wikimedia Foundation.
*'''&quot;Don’t Blink&quot;''': [[diffblog:2026/07/09/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-may-2026/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Reach|Reach]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Why do you still need Wikipedia when AI can answer anything – A WIKI MINUTE 16-9 (Thumbnail).png|thumb|250px|A Wiki Minute video series are now available.]]
*'''&quot;A Wiki Minute&quot; videos''': [[diffblog:2026/07/14/debunking-myths-and-more-new-a-wiki-minute-videos-added-to-the-series/|New videos are added]] to the series answering some of the most common questions such as &quot;Do you still need Wikipedia when AI can answer anything?&quot; and &quot;Does Wikipedia push a political agenda?&quot;.
*'''Wikipedia 25 brand collaboration in Indonesia:''' On 4 July, the Jakarta-based street wear company [https://aglxy.com/collections/aglxy-x-wikipedia Ageless Galaxy launched a Wikipedia 25 collection], the first ever Wikipedia Brand Collaboration in Asia. The apparel collection featured hats, t-shirts, and a jigsaw puzzle cardigan. Wikimedians in Indonesia joined Ageless Galaxy for a launch party.


'''Other updates'''
*'''Leadership''': [[diffblog:2026/07/06/reflections-on-15-years-at-wikimedia-foundation-and-a-new-chapter/|Reflections on 15 years]] at Wikimedia Foundation and a new chapter.
*'''Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/gnomi-partners-with-wikimedia-enterprise/ GNOMI Partners with Wikimedia Enterprise] to Bring Trusted Human Knowledge to Its AI News Agent.


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Board Elections Eligibility:''' There are [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2027/Proposed eligibility criteria|new proposed eligibility criteria]] for standing as a candidate in Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election now [[Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2027/Proposed eligibility criteria|available for feedback]]. The requirements are more specific and detailed than in years past, to both inform the community of what the Board needs and to create multiple pathways to the Board for Wikimedians.


'''Other Movement-curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/XXXXX|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin@wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:23, 22 Oṣù Agẹmọ 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=30782820 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on July 18. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/14|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:Wikimania 2026 Day 4 group photo.jpg|thumb|250px|Wikimania 2026 group photo with [[foundationsite:wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot|Baby Globe]]]]

'''Special Wikimania issue'''&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;''This is a special Wikimania issue of the Bulletin. We'll be back to our regular format in the next issue''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Wikimania Paris''': [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/22/wikimania-2026-paris/|Paris hosted Wikimania 2026]] as Wikipedia celebrates 25 years of free knowledge. Catch up on missed sessions of Wikimania 2026 by [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ checking session pages in the program.]
*'''Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2026:''' The beloved Wikimedian of The Year awards shine the light on exceptional individuals, and through them, on the whole Wikimedia community. Learn about all of [[diffblog:2026/07/22/meet-the-wikimedians-of-the-year-2026/|this year's winners]].
*'''Daily highlights from Wikimania:''' 
**[[diffblog:2026/07/22/wikimania-2026-defining-a-moment-of-change/|Day 1 – Defining a moment of change]]
**[[diffblog:2026/07/23/wikimania-2026-freedom-equity-and-reliability/|Day 2 – Freedom, equity and reliability]]
**[[diffblog:2026/07/24/wikimania-2026-growing-language-communities/|Day 3 – Growing language communities]]
**[[diffblog:2026/07/25/wikimania-2026-the-joy-of-contributing/|Day 4 – The joy of contributing]]
*'''Public policy advocacy''': Overview of Wikimania 2026 [[diffblog:2026/07/20/understand-the-forces-shaping-free-knowledge-wikimania-2026-public-policy-advocacy-sessions-to-join/|sessions about public policy advocacy]]. While not all sessions are recorded, you can watch some by clicking the session.
*'''Users with extended rights''' '''pre-conference''': 190 users with extended rights from all around the world gathered at a [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/talk/SJHKEK/ Wikimania pre-conference], to exchange experiences, learn from each other and connect.
*'''Media coverage:''' The event was mentioned in many media outlets as part of wider coverage about the Wikimedia projects including in [https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2026/07/23/le-modele-de-wikipedia-menace-par-l-ia_6731138_4408996.html?srsltid=AfmBOoom_Z9VnLLbIIzRsvJvlEfrPdOn7nE6bx_lE57mgckjj70pOEJH Le Monde], [https://www.elnacional.com/2026/07/wikipedia-celebra-25-anos-de-resistencia-en-paris/&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1785509024172436&amp;usg=AOvVaw2j7MHBb_WewEYxHLBYrJ0O El Nacional] and [https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/le-18-20-le-telephone-sonne/le-telephone-sonne-du-mercredi-22-juillet-2026-5846524 Radio France].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&amp;nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]''&lt;/small&gt;

*'''Improvement to Reading Lists''': Community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]] has been incorporated. 93% of participating users reported that it was useful. This feature allows saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web.
*'''Creating custom edit suggestions''': With the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature, volunteers can now create custom local suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration. Share your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]].
*'''Dark mode for Content Translation:''' [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content.
*'''Mobile page preview''': Based on the conclusion of the experiment, [[mw:Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|mobile page previews]] feature will not be rolled out. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews.
*'''Scaling of Explore Feed to iOS''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Home Feed redesign will be scaled to iOS by applying the learnings from the Android release.
*'''Improving Account Creation process''': After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[m:Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. [[phab:T430604|Read more]].
*'''Latest experiments''': An [[phab:T416418|ongoing experiment]] is testing to better guide Temporary Account users toward full account creation. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]].
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/07/21/tech-news-2026-issue-30/|30]] and [[diffblog:2026/07/27/tech-news-2026-issue-31/|31]] include that now wikis can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|restrict editing in the “User” namespace]] to only the page owner and certain user groups. See also the 50 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.
*'''New bot detection system for all wikis''': After a successful trial, which showed evidence of both deterring bots and being easier to use, hCaptcha (our new bot detection system) has been rolled out to all wikis, for account creation, and for most newcomer edits.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Protect|Protect]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter]&amp;nbsp;· [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Online age verification''': Around the world, governments are adopting different approaches to online age verification. Learn more about it and how it is shaping our experiences online in a new three-part blog series: [[diffblog:2026/07/20/online-age-verification-explained-part-1-3-what-is-it-a-timeline-of-age-based-restrictions-and-why-it-matters/|&quot;What is it, a timeline of age-based restrictions, and why it matters&quot;]], [[diffblog:2026/07/20/online-age-verification-explained-part-2-3-what-means-what-how-its-done-and-balancing-child-rights-and-safety/|&quot;What means what, how it's done, and balancing child rights and safety&quot;]], and [[diffblog:2026/07/20/online-age-verification-explained-part-3-3-age-based-restrictions-draft-bills-to-watch-global-complexity-and-engaging-with-lawsuits/|&quot;Age-based restrictions, draft bills to watch, global complexity, and engaging with lawsuits&quot;]].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Affiliation Committees''': [[diffblog:2026/07/20/celebrating-20-years-of-the-wikimedia-affiliations-committee/|Celebrating 20 Years]] of the Wikimedia Affiliations Committee.


'''Other updates'''
*'''Enterprise''': How Wikimedia Enterprise [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/16/wikimedia-enterprise-protecting-wikipedia-ai/|protects Wikipedia in the AI era]].
*'''Unionization''': [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/27/statement-cwa-recognition-request/|Wikimedia Foundation Statement]] on US unionization request.


'''Other Movement-curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/14|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin@wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:24, 4 Oṣù Ògún 2026 (UTC)
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== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings!

As one of the active editors on this Wikipedia, you're invited by the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development Language Onboarding and Development] initiative to learn about the Starter Kit, try it out, and join a virtual meeting where you can ask questions about the tool.&lt;br&gt;
'''What the tool does'''&lt;br&gt;
The Starter Kit helps small or new Wikipedia contributors complete essential tasks, like importing infoboxes, tracking your wiki's growth and health metrics, and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Some features require certain user rights, but three of the six tasks are open to any autoconfirmed editor, so most active editors can get started right away.

'''Here's what we would like you to do:'''

* Read the manual for more detail on the tool and the tasks you can perform: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit
* Access the Starter Kit tool: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ and log in with your Wikimedia account to try it out.
* Sign up for one of three virtual meetings: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Office_hours, where you can:
** Learn more about the tool.
** Ask questions and share your thoughts.

Thank you so much for using the tool, and we look forward to your attending the virtual meeting.

Best regards,
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 11 Oṣù Ògún 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on August 1. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/15|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

'''Highlights'''
*'''Improving Account Creation process''': As part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] an improved [[phab:T409236|account creation form]] has been released. The form now provides live username validation, a clearer username policy popover, and a reveal password button. We also removed redundant elements and jarring warning messages, improved the form's information hierarchy, and aligned the design with Codex design system guidelines.
*'''Create charts from your own data''': The new ChartWizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. The ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]]. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]].


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&amp;nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]''&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Worklist from Eventdetails page.png|thumb|250px|Worklist feature opened from Eventdetails page]]
*'''Worklist Feature Setup Workshop''': Are you organizing or planning a Wikimedia editing event soon? Join one of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|these workshops]] (Aug 18 at 16:00 UTC and Aug 19 at 11:00 UTC) to set up the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|new worklist feature]] for your event. With this feature, organizers can list the specific articles their event will focus on, directly on the event page.
*'''Reading Lists to launch as full feature''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], will be launched in September as a full feature. Volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-readinglists-user&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate string translations] into a number of languages before the launch.
*'''Improving Commons' section headings''': The [[phab:T332644|table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages was improved]] to make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections.
*'''From Abstract Wikipedia''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-08-05|An apple is a fruit]] and new experimental type: [[f:Z38546|anonymous functions]].
*'''Latest experiments''': An [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Upcoming|upcoming experiment]] would test methods for email confirmation enforcement for new accounts to determine which approach is the most effective at driving email confirmation. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]].
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/08/03/tech-news-2026-issue-32/|32]] and [[diffblog:2026/08/10/tech-news-2026-issue-33/|33]] include that Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category to make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. See also the 43 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Protect|Protect]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter]&amp;nbsp;· [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Don't blink''': Representing Wikimedia at the United Nations’ Open Source Week and other [[diffblog:2025/07/12/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-may-2025/|latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Online Identity Verification''': Anonymity is Important for Democracy and [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/anonymity-is-important-for-democracy-and-its-also-at-risk-discussing-online-identity-6e9a83099ba7 It’s Also at Risk].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees''': [[diffblog:2026/08/11/board-of-trustees-reflections-on-wikimania-2026/|Reflections on Wikimania 2026]].


'''Other updates'''
*'''Leadership''': Wikimedia Foundation will welcome Rena Kokalari as [[foundationsite:news/2026/08/04/wikimedia-foundation-welcomes-rena-kokalari-as-new-chief-people-officer/|new Chief People Officer]] from 1 September.


'''Other Movement-curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/15|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin@wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:24, 18 Oṣù Ògún 2026 (UTC)
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== Reminder: Starter Kit Virtual Meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings!

This is a friendly reminder to attend the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.

Date and time: '''Today, Saturday, August 29th, 2026, 01:00–02:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])

This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.

If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_2:_Saturday_29_August_2026,_01:00_UTC

See you soon!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:30, 28 Oṣù Ògún 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on August 15. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/16|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:Community wishlist graphic.svg|thumb|150px|Future of Community Wishlist]]
'''Highlights'''
*'''Simplifying account creation''': The [[m:Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page [[phab:T433783|has been simplified]] as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration.
*'''Movement Ecosystem strategy''': Deadline to provide feedback on the [[m:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Recognition and Funding for Movement Organizations|first version of the proposal]] are extended until Sep 30 to allow more time for community feedback and discussion.
*'''New format for the Community Wishlist''': You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|Please let us know]] what you think will work well or if there are ways to make this proposal stronger. This consultation is open for two weeks.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&amp;nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Improving page performance''': In order to improve page performance, images now load [[phab:T148047|when they are viewed]]. This means images that are lower down within an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics.
*'''Android Reading list updates''': Some of the recent Android releases include [[phab:T420788|updates]] to the '''Saved''' feature. This first round of changes on the Android app include redesigning the &quot;Saved&quot; tab to include an &quot;All articles&quot; view, and remove the user-facing default &quot;Saved&quot; reading list.
*'''Reading list on desktop''': Reading lists [[phab:T435258|has been released]] on Chinese, Bengali, Czech, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. The feature is now available for logged-in users on those wikis.
*'''Event Registration tool''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event’s Worklist. 
*'''Call for Projects and Mentors for Outreachy''': Wikimedia is participating in Round 33 of the [https://www.outreachy.org/ Outreachy program] that runs from December 2026 through March 2027. The deadline to [[phab:T436035|submit projects on Phabricator]] is Sept 4 at 4pm UTC and the project list will be finalized by Sep 11.
*'''Latest experiments''': A [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 2|current experiment]] is testing to introduce a new content type in Apps home. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]].
*'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/08/17/tech-news-2026-issue-34/|34]] and [[diffblog:2026/08/24/tech-news-2026-issue-35/|35]] include that a new Wikipedia in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] has been created. See also the 58 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks.
*'''UwER Conference''': In December, the Wikimedia Portugal and Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting a first-of-its-kind [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Users with Extended Rights Conference 2026|convening for users with extended rights]]. Applications to attend opened August 13 and will close on September 4.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Enable|Enable]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research newsletter]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Wikimedia Endowment''': [[diffblog:2026/08/19/updates-from-the-july-2026-wikimedia-endowment-board-meeting/|Updates]] from the July 2026 Wikimedia Endowment Board Meeting.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Protect|Protect]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter]&amp;nbsp;· [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2026/08/21/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-july-2026/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values.
*'''Legal footer update:''' The Foundation had updated the Legal and Safety Contact Information on 300+ content wikis. The project adds a link to a [[foundation:Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|Foundation-managed central page]] where people can find contact information to report illegal issues and serve official legal notices. This helps to resolve gaps if community-managed contact pages are missing or incomplete.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Reach|Reach]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Collaboration''': UNESCO and Wikimedia Movement [[diffblog:2026/08/18/unesco-and-wikimedia-movement-deepen-their-partnership-at-wikimania-2026/|deepen their partnership]] at Wikimania 2026.
*'''Digitization''': Bringing [[diffblog:2026/08/22/bringing-balinese-manuscripts-to-wikimania-2026/|Balinese Manuscripts]] to Wikimania 2026.
*'''Language''' '''related projects''': Read some key highlights from the latest edition of the [[diffblog:2026/08/21/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-11/|Language and internationalization newsletter]].


'''Board and Board committee updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''AffCom''': The Affiliations Committee is [[m:Affiliations_Committee/Extension_of_the_pause_on_new_affiliate_recognition|extending the pause]] on new affiliate recognition until the affiliate recognition and funding model is further clarified.


'''Other Movement-curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/16|Help translate]]'''

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin@wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:00, 1 Oṣù Òwéwe 2026 (UTC)
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== Reminder: Starter Kit virtual meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings!

This is a friendly reminder to attend the third [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.

Date and time: '''Saturday, September 5th, 2026, 05:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788584400 check your local time here])

Video call link: https://meet.google.com/eov-gbgn-rew

This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.

If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_3:_Saturday_5_September_2026,_05:00_UTC

See you soon!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:44, 3 Oṣù Òwéwe 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 17&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on August 28. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/17|translate]].''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
----

[[File:Wikipedia scale of justice.svg|thumb|150px|Baseline Neutral Point of View policy is now being introduced.]]
'''Highlights'''
*'''Data center switch:''' All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23 at 14:00 UTC as part of a [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|scheduled switchover]] to allow for essential maintenance and improvements. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes in advance.
*'''Baseline NPOV Policy''': The public conversation regarding the proposed baseline NPOV policy for Wikipedias that do not yet have one has been concluded. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Baseline NPOV policy/Discussion on a proposed baseline Neutral Point of View (NPOV) Standard#Outcome of the public conversation|the summary report]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Baseline NPOV policy|the updated baseline NPOV policy text and enforcement guidance here]].
*'''Save the date.''' [[wikimania:Special:MyLanguage/2027:Wikimania|Wikimania 2027]] will be taking place in Santiago, Chile, and online from August 18 to 21, with the theme &quot;The Internet we want&quot;. See the [[diffblog:2026/09/11/coverage-of-wikimania-2026-from-paris-to-the-world/|Wikimania 2026 coverage highlights]] and [[diffblog:2026/09/10/setting-our-sights-on-wikimania-santiago/|a brief update on what's ahead]].
*'''Chart extension is now beginner-friendly''': Creating graphs and charts previously required manual JSON editing. In response to a [[m:Community Wishlist/W414|Community wish]] to make the Charts extension more user-friendly, [[c:Special:ChartWizard|a new Visual mode]] for adding values has been introduced.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&amp;nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia]]''&lt;/small&gt;

[[File:TextMatch diff illustration 2.png|thumb|150px|TextMatch: A paste from an LLM triggering a Suggestion.]]

*'''Introducing TextMatch''': Communities are [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]] to create custom suggestions that are tailored to their own policies and writing conventions. Share your [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]].
*'''Visual editor becoming default:''' Design work on the user experience for visual editing for newcomers [[w:en:Wikipedia talk:VisualEditor#Design follow-up on visual editing for newcomers|is underway]]. This follows visual editor becoming default on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Visual Editor for new editors#RfC on the default editor for new Desktop editors|English Wikipedia]] following a community discussion.
*'''Community Wishlist 2027 consultation:''' The consultation on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|proposed new Wishlist process]] is closing this week. This year's cycle plans for wish submissions in late October/early November, triage completed by late November, and voting in early to mid January. Share feedback in any language [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|on the talk page]].
*'''Improved Add a Link feature''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with [[phab:T434259|improved detection]] of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods.
*'''Wikipedia Android app''': [[phab:T420788|Latest release]] includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience.
*'''Domain change for thumbnails''': The domain of URLs for thumbnails [[phab:T427465|is changing]] from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;upload.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;thumb.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt;. The old URLs will continue to work but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. Original files, videos, and transcodes will still be served from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;upload.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt;.
*'''Reading lists rollout continues on desktop:''' Following the initial deployment to Bengali, Chinese, Czech, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] went live on Arabic, French, and Indonesian Wikipedias and will go live on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Phase 3: Reading lists full feature rollout|English Wikipedia on Sep 14]], with all remaining wikis following on Sep 28.
*'''New features of Pageviews Analysis''': Several new features have been added to the [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/ Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&amp;sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&amp;project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode.
*'''Article guidance:''' As part of an A/B experiment, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] is now available in Turkish and Simple English.
*'''Latest experiments''': A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Minimal Minerva|current experiment]] for logged-out mobile readers on Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias is testing whether simplifying the Minerva navigation bar improves reader retention. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product &amp; Technology]].
*'''Wikifunctions status updates''': Thanks to all contributors, Wikifunctions has now [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-09-03|reached 5,000 functions]].
*'''Latest highlights from Tech News:''' Weeks [[diffblog:2026/08/31/tech-news-2026-issue-36/|36]] and [[diffblog:2026/09/07/tech-news-2026-issue-37/|37]] of Tech News include the Article guidance feature is now enabled by default for editors with less than 100 edits on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Enable|Enable]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research newsletter]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Affiliates and grant funding:''' Have your say [[m:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Recognition and Funding for Movement Organizations|on proposals establishing]] (1) a new model and set of expectations for movement affiliates; (2) new, connected requirements to determine eligibility for receiving Community Fund grants from the Wikimedia Foundation; and (3) updated criteria for affiliate recognition processes.
*'''Community Fund reflections''': Read [[diffblog:2026/08/31/fy25-26-annual-funding-programs-reflections-learnings/|the reflections]] on the fiscal year 2025–2026 of the Rapid Fund and General Support Fund, covering $17.73 million across 427 grants in 90 countries, with 56.2% distributed outside North America and Northern &amp; Western Europe.


'''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Reach|Reach]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&amp;nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]''&lt;/small&gt;
*'''World of Wikipedia launches:''' The [https://worldof.wiki/ World of Wikipedia] game has been released. It is an online collectible card game where players sort fact from fiction across Wikipedia articles to build their card library. The game is the latest experiment in reaching younger audiences through familiar formats, following ''Wikispeedia'' on Roblox and ''Which Came First?'' on the Wikipedia app.


'''Other updates'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* '''Celebrate Women 2026:''' [[diffblog:2026/09/05/more-than-a-campaign-the-measurable-impact-of-celebrate-women-2026/|Read the impact]] of Celebrate Women 2026 as the campaign concluded with 112 events, 238,222 unreverted content edits and 2,499,773,577 bytes added.
* '''US staff union vote:''' On Sep 3, eligible Wikimedia Foundation staff in the United States [[foundationsite:news/2026/09/03/us-staff-unionization-vote/|voted in favor]] of union representation in a National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) election.


'''Other Movement-curated newsletters &amp; news'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&amp;nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&amp;nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&amp;nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&amp;nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:53, 16 Oṣù Òwéwe 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&amp;oldid=31036199 --&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the Senate of Nigeria</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66569</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636838</id>
      <parentid>636016</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T21:22:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636838</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65396" sha1="34datlxeo903syceewnfjx0920vdbkn" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the Senate who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q19822359 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q19822359/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q19822359/P580:Start date,P39/Q19822359/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Ibrahim Shekarau]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:HMA Bob Dewar with Governor Ibrahim Shekarau of Kano State (3541397335).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ahmed Makarfi]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2011-11-14
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Victor Ndoma-Egba]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Jeremiah Useni]]
| Olóṣèlú naijiriya
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| [[David Mark]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-06-03
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Abdul Ningi and David Mark.jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Jaja Wachuku]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Orji Uzor Kalu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| [[Chris Anyanwu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Chris Anyawu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Vincent Obasi Usulor|Vincent Usulor]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Chuba Okadigbo]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999
| 2003
| [[Fáìlì:Chuba-okadigbo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ike Nwachukwu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Ibrahim Saminu Turaki]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Rabiu Kwankwaso]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-05
| 2019-05
| [[Fáìlì:Kwankwaso and Rochas at PGLS 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mohammed Ali Ndume]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2023-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| [[Fáìlì:Muhammad8.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Uche Chukwumerije]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà (1939-2015)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Uche Chukwumerije.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Danjuma Goje|Mohammed Danjuma Goje]]
| Olóṣèlú Nigeria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-05&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 2023-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-05
| [[Fáìlì:Muhammad Damjuma Goje.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Adamu Aliero]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Ahmed Sani Yerima|Ahmad Sani Yerima]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Ali Modu Sheriff]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| [[Fáìlì:Ali Modu Sherrff crop 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Nenadi Usman|Nenadi Esther Usman]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Chris Ngige]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[George Akume]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà, Gomina ipinle Benue
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2019-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Sam Egwu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-05-29
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sam Egwu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Chimaroke Nnamani]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-11
| 2011-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Chimaroke Nnamani 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Theodore Orji|Theodore  Ahamefule Orji]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Theodore orji A.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Iya Abubakar]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-05&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 2007-05
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Iya Abubakar portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Robert Ajayi Boroffice]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Robert Boroffice.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Abdallah Wali]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665219|Abdul'aziz Abubakar Yari]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ahmed Abdul Ningi|Abdul Ahmed Ningi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-02-25
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Abdul Ningi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Abdul Yandoma]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Abdulahi Bala Adamu]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Abdulazeez Ibrahim]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2007-05
| 
|-
| [[Abdulaziz Usman]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Abdullahi Adamu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà, Gomina Ipinle Nasarawa
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-11
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2022-04
| [[Fáìlì:Abdullahi Adamu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Abdullahi Ibrahim Gobir]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Abdulmumini M. Hassan]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Abiola Ajimobi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà, Gomina tẹlẹri ni ipinlẹ Ọyọ
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Abu Ibrahim (Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà)|Abu Ibrahim]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Girei]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Mahdi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Mohammed]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Olusola Saraki]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Sodangi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Tanko Ayuba]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-04
| 
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Umar Gada]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Umar Tutare]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Adebayo Salami]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Adamu Garba Talba]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Adamu Gumba]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Adamu Sidi Ali]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 
| 
|-
| [[Adawari Pepple]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Adefemi Kila]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Senator adefemi kila.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Adego Erhiawarie Eferakeya]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06
| 2011-05
| 
|-
| [[Adeleke Mamora]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Adéṣẹ̀ye Ògúnléwé|Adeseye Ogunlewe]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-04
| 2003-04
| 
|-
| [[Adolphus Wabara]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Sen. Adolphus Wabara.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Afolabi Olabimtan]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Ahmad Babba Kaita]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà ni yii
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 2023-05
| 
|-
| [[Ahmed Hassan Barata]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan|Ahmed Lawan]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ahmed Mohammed Inuwa]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Mohammed Ahmed Sadek 1927.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ahmed Muhammad Maccido]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Ahmed Sani Stores]]
| Alagba Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-05
| 2015-05
| 
|-
| [[Ahmed Tijani Ahmed]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Ahmed Zanna]]
| Alagba ti Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Aisha Jummai]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| [[Fáìlì:Runcie C.W. Chidebe, Executive Director, Project PINK BLUE with Sen. Aisha J. Alhassan, Minister of Women Affairs &amp; Social Dev.; Dr. Ramatu Hassan, Rep. Minister of Health, Chidinma Ekile, Toke Makinwa, Annie Idibia at World Cancer Day.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Akin Babalola Kamar Odunsi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-05
| 2015-05
| 
|-
| [[Akinlabi Olasunkanmi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-05-29
| 2007-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Akinyelure Patrick Ayo|Patrick Ayo Akinyelure]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Akpor Pius Ewherido]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Aliyu Abubakar]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-20
| 2003-05-20
| 
|-
| [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]]
| Olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Alkali Abdulkadir Jajere]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Aloysius Akpan Etok]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Alphonsus Obi Igbeke]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2010-05-25
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Aminu Tambuwal|Aminu Waziri Tambuwal]]
| Olóṣèlú naijiriya
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Aminu Waziri Tambuwal (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Aminu Sule Garo]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Andrew Babalola]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06
| 
|-
| [[Annie Okonkwo]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Prince Don Okonkwo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Anthony Agbo]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Anthony George Manzo]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Anyimchukwu Ude]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Anyim Pius Anyim]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| [[Fáìlì:Anyim P Anyim (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Arthur Nzeribe]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;1999-05
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| 
|-
| [[Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi|Arthur Ifeanyi Okowa]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-05-29
| [[Fáìlì:Ifenanyi Okowa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Audu Idris Umar]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Ayo Oni]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ayo Adeseun|Ayoade Ademola Adeseun]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Ayogu Eze]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Babafemi Ojudu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-05
| 2015-05
| 
|-
| [[Babayo Garba Gamawa]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Badamasi Maccido]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-05-29
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Bala Mohammed]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-04-08
| 2010-04-08
| 
|-
| [[Barnabas Andyar Gemade]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| [[Fáìlì:Gemade.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Basheer Garba Mohammed]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Bassey Ewa-Henshaw]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Bassey Otu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Sen otu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Hayatu Bello|Bello Hayatu Gwarzo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2008-12-08&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2007-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2015-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 
|-
| [[Bello Jibrin Gada]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Bello Mohammed Tukur]]
| Omo ile igbimo asofin agba Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06
| 2015-06
| 
|-
| [[Ben-Collins Ndu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2001-03
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Benedict Ayade]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ben-ayade-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Bindo Jibrilla]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Bob Nwannunu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Bode Olajumoke]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Boluwaji Kunlere]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Brimmo Yusuf]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Bukar Ibrahim|Bukar Abba Ibrahim]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Bukola Saraki]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà, Waziri ti Ilorin, Aare ile igbimo asofin agba ile Nàìjíríà 2015-2019
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| [[Fáìlì:Bukola Saraki, October 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Caleb Zagi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Christopher Omoworare Babajide|Omoworare Babajide]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| [[Clever Ikisikpo]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Dahiru Awaisu Kuta]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2014-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Dahiru Bako Gassol]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Dalhatu Tafida]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Dalhatu Tafida.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Dalhatu Umaru Sangari]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Danboyi Usman]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-05
| 2007-05
| [[Fáìlì:Sen- Saleh Usman Danboyi 2014-03-08 22-17.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Daniel Saror]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Danladi Abdullahi Sankara]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2015-06
| [[Fáìlì:D Sankara.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[David Brigidi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Davou Zang]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-06
| 
|-
| [[Dennis Osadebay]]
| Akéwì ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Domingo Alaba Obende]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-05
| 2015-04
| 
|-
| [[Donald Etiebet]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Effiong Dickson Bob]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Ehigie Edobor Uzamere]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Eme Ufot Ekaette]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Emmanuel Bwacha]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2023-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Emmanuel Dangana Ocheja]]
| Sẹnetọ Nàìjíríà to n ṣoju Kogi East ni Ile asofin agba; amofin
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| [[Fáìlì:APC Rally.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Emmanuel Essien]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Emmanuel Nnamdi Uba]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-05
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| [[Emmanuel Paulker]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| [[Enyinnaya Abaribe|Enyinnaya Harcourt Abaribe]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 
| 
|-
| [[Evan Enwerem]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Felix Ibru]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Felix Kolawole Bajomo]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Femi Okurounmu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Festus Olabode Ola]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-30
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Fidelis Okoro]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2007-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Florence Ita Giwa]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-06
| [[Fáìlì:Florence ita-giwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Gabriel Suswam]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ganiyu Solomon]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Ganiyu Solomon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Garba Yakubu Lado]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Gbemisola Ruqayyah Saraki]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Gbenga Bareehu Ashafa]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:GBAprofile.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Gbenga Aluko]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Gbenga Ogunniya]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;1999-05-29
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| 
|-
| [[George Thompson Sekibo]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2023-06
| 
|-
| [[Godswill Akpabio|Godswill Akpabio obot]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-02-25
| 2019-06
| [[Fáìlì:Godswill Obot Akpabio (2012).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Goni Modu Bura]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Grace Folashade Bent]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Gregory Ngaji]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Gyang Dalyop Datong]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2012-07-08
| 
|-
| [[Haruna Aziz Zeego]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Hassan Muhammed Gusau]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2007-05-29
| 2022-02-23&lt;br/&gt;2011-05
| 
|-
| [[Helen Esuene]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;1979
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;1983
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5720323|Seriake Dickson]]''
| Gomina ipinle Bayelsa, Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Hope Uzodinma]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Hyde Onuaguluchi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Ibikunle Amosun|Ibikunle Oyelaja Amosun]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2003-06
| 2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Amosun-1-270x350 c.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ibrahim Geidam|Ibrahim Gaidam]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-05&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Ibrahim Geidam.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Ibrahim Kuta]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Ibrahim Lame]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1992
| 1993
| 
|-
| [[Ibrahim M. Ida]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-05
| 
|-
| [[Ibrahim Muhammed Kirikasama]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2007-05-29
| [[Fáìlì:Ibrahim Mohammed Kirikasama.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ibrahim Musa]]
| Alagba ti Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Idris Abubakar]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà, Alagba fun Gombe South
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Ifeanyi Ararume]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;1999-05
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2007
| 
|-
| [[Isa Mohammed]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2007-05-29
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6075829|Isaac Alfa]]''
| Oṣiṣẹ ologun ofurufu Nàìjíríà ati olori awọn oṣiṣẹ afẹfẹ tẹlẹ
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Senisaacalfa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Isaiah Balat]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Isiaka Adetunji Adeleke]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-05
| 2011-05&lt;br/&gt;2017-04
| 
|-
| [[James Manager]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Jim Nwobodo|Jim Ifeanyichukwu Nwobodo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6201682|Jimoh Ibrahim]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| [[Jóẹ́l Danlami Ikenya|Joel Danlami Ikenya]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[John Azuta-Mbata]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-04&lt;br/&gt;1999-05-02
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| 
|-
| [[John James Akpan Udo-Edehe]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[John Nanzip Shagaya]]
| Olóṣèlú naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[John Okechukwuemeka]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Jónà Jang|Jonah David Jang]]
| Olóṣèlú naijiriya
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| [[Jonathan Zwingina]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Joseph Akaagerger]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Joseph Waku]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Joseph Wayas]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1979
| 1983
| 
|-
| [[Jóṣúà Dariye|Joshua Dariye]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| [[Jóṣúà M. Lidani|Joshua M. Lidani]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 
|-
| [[Joy Emodi]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2005-02-20
| 2010-03-25
| 
|-
| [[Jubril Aminu|Jibril Aminu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-05-29
| 2011-05
| 
|-
| [[Julius Ucha]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Kabir Garba Marafa]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-09
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| [[Fáìlì:Kabir Garba Marafa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya Nigerian politician.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Kaka Mallam Yale]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Kamorudeen Adekunle Adedibu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Kashim Shettima]]
| Igbakeji Aare orile-ede Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-05-29
| [[Fáìlì:Kashim Shettima office portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6380074|Kawu Peto Dukku]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Ken Nnamani]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Khairat Abdulrazaq-Gwadabe]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Lawali Shuaibu]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Lawal Shuaibu.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Lawrence Ayo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Lee Maeba]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Magnus Ngei Abe]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Mahmud Kanti Bello]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Maina Maaji Lawan]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2007-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2003-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2015&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Maitama Bello Yusuf]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2007-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Mamman Bello Ali]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Mamman B- Ali 2014-01-21 00-09.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6774871|Martin Agbaso]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1992&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 1999
| [[Fáìlì:Martin agbaso.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mas’ud El-Jibril]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Máttéù Mbu|Matthew Mbu Junior]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Melford Okilo]]
| Òṣèlú Nàìjíríà (1933-2008)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Adamu Bello]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-09
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Alkali]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Aruwa]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2007-05-29
| [[Fáìlì:Mohammed Aruwa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mohammed Daggash]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Daggash at council meeting.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mohammed Kabiru Jibril]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria (1958-2017)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Magoro]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Mana]]
| Oloselu Naijiria ati olori ogun
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Saleh]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Shaaba Lafiagi]]
| Olóṣèlú ti Kwara state
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Tukur Liman]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Moji Akinfenwa]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Mujitaba Mohammed Mallam]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Munirudeen Adekunle Muse]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Nicholas Ugbane]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Nkechi Justina Nwaogu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Nuhu Aliyu Labbo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2011-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7070730|Nwafor Orizu]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Nwafor Orizu Akwaeke.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Odion Ugbesia]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-04&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Olabiyi Durojaiye]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Olugbenga Onaolapo Obadara]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-05-29
| 2015-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Olúrẹ̀mí Tińubú|Oluremi Tinubu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06
| 2015-06-04
| [[Fáìlì:Her Excellency Remi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Olusola Adeyeye]]
| Omo ile igbimo asofin alagba Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| [[Omar Hambagda]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Omololu Meroyi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Oserheimen Osunbor]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2007-05-29
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Oserheimen Osunbor.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Osita Izunaso]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Otaru Salihu Ohize]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria (1953 - 2016)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2011
| 
|-
| [[Patricia Akwashiki]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Patricia Akwashiki.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Patrick Osakwe]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2011-05
| 
|-
| [[Philips Tanimu Aduda]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Roland Owie]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Sa'idu Ahmed Alkali]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2010-08
| 2023-06
| 
|-
| [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 2023-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Saidu Dansadau]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| 
|-
| [[Saidu Kumo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Salisu Matori]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Sama’ila Mamman]]
| Omo ile igbimo asofin agba Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7418244|Sani Daura]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà ni yii
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:NSZD Portrait.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Satty Davies Gogwim]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Sefiu Adegbenga Kaka]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-05
| 
|-
| [[Simeon Oduoye]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria (1945 - 2014)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Simon Ajibola]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2004-06-29
| 2015-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Simeon Ajibola.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7530281|Sirika Hadi]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2012-01-01
| 2015-06-01
| [[Fáìlì:HadiSirika.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Smart Adeyemi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-12-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2023-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Sonni Ogbuoji]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-06
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Sonni Ogbuoji.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Stella Oduah]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-11
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Princess Stella Oduah-Ogiemwonyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Stella Omu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Sulaiman Mohammed Nazif]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Suleiman Asonya Adokwe]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2011-04&lt;br/&gt;2007-05-29
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Sunday Awoniyi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1993&lt;br/&gt;1993-07
| 1993&lt;br/&gt;1993-11
| 
|-
| [[Sunday Fajinmi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Sunday Fajinmi 2014-06-06 15-59.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Sylvanus Ngele]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Sylvester Anyanwu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Sylvester Ayodele Arise]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Tawar Umbi Wada]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà(1957-2010)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-05-29
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Olóyè Teslim Folárìn|Oloye Teslim Folarin]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Picture of Senator Oloye Teslim Kolawole Folarin 2014-03-14 03-26.jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Tunde Ogbeha]]
| Gbogboogbo Nàìjíríà, Alagba ati gomina
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003-05&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Udoma Udo Udoma]]
| Olóṣèlú orilẹede Nàìjíríà, Alagba fun ẹkun ipinlẹ Akwa-Ibom South
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Umar Usman Dukku]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Umar Argungu]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Umaru Dahiru]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Umaru Tanko Al-Makura]]
| Gomina ipinle Nasarawa, Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| [[Usman Albishir]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| [[Fáìlì:Late Senator Usman Albishir.gif|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7902041|Usman Bayero Nafada]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-06
| [[Fáìlì:Usman Bayero Nafada.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Victor Lar]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-05
| 2015-05
| 
|-
| [[Victor Oyofo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2007-05-29
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Victor Oyofo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Wilson Asinobi Ake]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Wuraola Esan]]
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1960
| 1964
| 
|-
| [[Yisa Braimoh]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Yushau Anka]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| 
|-
| [[Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed 2022.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Yusuf Musa Nagogo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Zainab Abdulkadir Kure]]
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-05-29
| 2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Joseph Olatunji Ajayi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ita Enang]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Atiku Bagudu]]
| Alagba ti Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04
| [[Fáìlì:Abubakar Bagudu - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Gbenga Dáníẹ́l|Gbenga Daniel]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Dinner night.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Adams Oshiomhole]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà(born 1952)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:AdamsOshiomhole.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Abubakar Maikafi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Alex Kadiri]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Aniette Okon]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Anthony Adeniyi]]
| Olóṣèlú orile-ede Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Bashir Mustapha]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Bode Olowoporoku]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Christopher Nshi]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Clement Awoyelu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Christopher Nwankwo]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Cosmos Niagwan]]
| Olóselú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Dalha Ahmed Danzomo]]
| 
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Daisy Danjuma]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Emmanuel Anosike]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Emmanuel Okpede]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Emmanuel A. Azu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Faruk Bello]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Fred Aghogho Brume]]
| Olóṣèlú (1942-2011)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Gyang Datong]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Haruna Garba]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Haruna Abubakar]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Heineken Lokpobiri]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2011-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Heineken Lokpobiri at WEF Special Meeting on Global Collaboration, Growth and Energy for Development, 2024.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Hóséà Ehinlanwo|Hosea Ehinlanwo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Hóséà Ayoola Agboola]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ibrahim Mantu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003
| 
|-
| [[Martins Yellowe|Ibiapuye Martyns-Yellowe]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-05-29&lt;br/&gt;1999-05-29
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Ikechukwu Abana]]
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ike Ekweremadu]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06
| [[Fáìlì:Huriwa2gk-is-565.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ikechukwu Obiorah]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Isah Maina]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Isa Mohammed (ọmọ Ilé Alàgbà)]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Isa Muhammed Galaudu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Itak Bob Ekarika]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ìyábọ̀ Ọbásanjọ́]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-04-28
| 2011-05
| [[Fáìlì:Iyabo Obasanjo.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Iyiola Omisore]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2011-06-06&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Iyiola-Omisore.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[James Kolawole]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[John Brambaifa]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[John Danboyi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Jubril Martins-Kuye]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Jubril M-K.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mohammed Abba Aji]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed A Muhammed|Mohammed A. Muhammed]]
| Alagba ti Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-06-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Mohammed Ohiare]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Máttéù Ifeanyi Nwagwu|Matthew Ifeanyi Nwagwu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Nimi Barigha-Amange]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Nnamdi Eriobuna]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| [[Olufemi Lanlehin]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-05
| 2015-06
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Olufemi Lanlehin.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Patrick Aga]]
| Omo ile igbimo asofin agba Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Paulinus Igwe Nwagu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Peter Olawuyi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Ramoni Olalekan Mustapha]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2007-05
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Robert Koleoso]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Rochas Okorocha]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 2023-06
| [[Fáìlì:Governor Rochas Okorocha (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Rufaisanbi Hanga]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2003-05
| 2007-05
| 
|-
| [[Silas Janfa|Silas Janafa]]
| Olóselú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| [[Sola Akinyede]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007-05-29
| 2011-06-06
| 
|-
| [[Sule Yari Gandi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-05-29
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Suleiman Ajadi]]
| Òṣèlú ní Nàìjíríà
| 
| 1999&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2003&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Timothy Adudu]]
| Ọlọ́run ńpe Nigeriya
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Tòkunbọ̀ Afikúyọ̀mí|Tokunbo Afikuyomi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Tupele-Ebi Diffa]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Ugochukwu Uba]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Ugbane Yahaye]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Umar Ibrahim Tsauri]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Usman Sanni Sami]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Usman Kibiya Umar]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-05
| [[Fáìlì:Sen Usman Kibiya Umar.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Usman Adamu]]
| 
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Wahab Dosunmu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999-06-03
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Zik Sunday Ambuno]]
| oloselu ara Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-05
| 2007-05
| 
|-
| [[Mudasiru Oyetunde Hussein]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Musiliu Obanikoro]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Wahab Dosumu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Iyorchia Ayu]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1992-12-05
| 1993-11-17
| [[Fáìlì:Iyorchia Ayu 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16105634|Idi Othman Guda]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16149860|Prince Adedayo Clement Adeyeye]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2019-11-14
| [[Fáìlì:IMG PRINCE ADEYEYE.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16150077|Kanu Godwin Agabi]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| [[Monsurat Sunmonu]]
| Olóselú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Monsurat-sunmonu-pic.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Baba Tela]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17541203|Ameh Ebute]]''
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria àti agbejoro
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1992-12-05
| 1993-11-17
| 
|-
| [[Ipalibo Banigo]]
| Dókítà oníṣègùn Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| [[Binta Masi Garba]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19668719|Patrick Abba Moro]]''
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19668818|Abubakar Sani Bello]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Lolo Hot Springs, Lolo, MT, 2011 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19895375|Osinakachukwu Ideozu]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Solomon Olamilekan Adeola]]
| Nàìjíríà Chartered Accountant ati Alagba
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2023
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Solomo Adeola.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ben Murray-Bruce]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-05-29
| 
| 
|-
| [[Adamu Bala]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Ahmed Zuruq]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 1999-05-29
| 2003-05-29
| 
|-
| [[Amah Iwuagwu]]
| Olóṣèlú orile-ede Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Chris Adighije]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03
| 
| 
|-
| [[Gilbert E. Nnaji]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 2015-06-04&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-09
| 
|-
| [[Iyabo Anisulowo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Joshua Adagba]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Kola Ogunwale]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Nurudeen Abatemi Usman]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2011-06-06
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Olubunmi Adetunbi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Sani Kamba]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2003-06-03&lt;br/&gt;2003-05
| 2007-06-05&lt;br/&gt;2007-05
| 
|-
| [[Spiff Inatim Rufus]]
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Tokunbo Ogunbanjo]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Títù Olupitan]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2003-06-03
| 2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Michael Opeyemi Bamidele]]
| Agbẹjọro Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20774324|Olaka Nwogu]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982202|Mao Arukwe Ohuabunwa]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Dave Umahi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Dave Umahi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Dino Mélayé|Dino Melaiye]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-08-23
| [[Fáìlì:Dino Melaye at AMVCA 2020 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21175232|Shehu Sani]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria, onkowe ati ajafẹtọ ọmọ eniyan
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21598122|Haliru Dantoro]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1992
| 1992
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21997883|Gyang Pwajok]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2012-10
| 2015-06-04
| 
|-
| [[Fatimat Raji-Rasaki|Fatimat Olufunke Raji-Rasaki]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Sen Adefemi Kila &amp; Sen Raji Rasaki.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Rose Okoji Oko]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09
| 2020-03
| 
|-
| [[Uche Ekwunife]]
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 2023-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Uche Ekwunife.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93342274|Margery Chuba-Okadigbo]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2012-07
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96359151|Obinna Ogba]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96973629|Abubakar Sani Danladi]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-05
| 2017-06-23
| 
|-
| [[Sunday Marshall Katung]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà ati agbẹjọro
| 
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Katung at SK Fest 2024 offstage.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q101438711|Haruna Manu]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106572540|Nora Dadu'ut]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2020&lt;br/&gt;2020-12
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106782564|Saliu Mustapha]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Saliu Mustapha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107491747|Tayo Alasoadura]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| 
| 2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108063138|Kabir Barkiya]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 2023-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110977332|Chukwuma Frank Ibezim]]''
| 
| 
| 2021-04
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Chukwuma Frank Ibezim.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111086547|Moses Cleopas]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111087716|Mustapha Bukar]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà ni yii
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09
| 2018-04-04
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111087840|Muhammad Shitu]]''
| 
| 
| 2015-06-09
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111087846|Joseph Dada]]''
| Oṣelu ni Naijiria
| 
| 2015-06
| 2019-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111087847|Donald Omotayo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111087850|Baba Garba]]''
| Alagba Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111087852|Yele Omogunwa]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2015-06
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111087856|Rilwan Akambi]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-05
| 2019-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111141491|Chris Emeka Azubogu]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111141676|Simon Davou Mwadkwon]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111148458|Mike N.I. Ajegbo]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| 
| 1999-05
| 2003-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111152093|Lekan Balogun]]''
| Òṣèlú ní Nàìjíríà
| 
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111153363|Muhammed Hassan]]''
| 
| 
| 2015-06-09
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111164990|Danladi Bamaiyi]]''
| 
| 
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111164999|Salman Is'haq]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 1999
| 2003
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111328753|Stephen Adi Odey]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 2021-07-30
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113541090|Abubakar Sadiku Ohere]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114130099|Olubiyi Fadeyi]]''
| Oloore Ilu Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116963143|Ireti Kingibe]]''
| Ọmọbìnrin olóṣèlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ireti Kingibe 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117012486|AMINU IYA ABBAS]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa State]]
| 2023-02-25
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117012757|Aniekan Bassey]]''
| 
| 
| 2023-02-25
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Aniekan bassey.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Akpan Ekong Sampson|AKPAN EKONG SAMPSON]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-02-25
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117021365|UMEH VICTOR CHUKWUNONYELU]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-02-25
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117021455|Umar Shehu Buba]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-02-25
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117289474|Joel-Onowakpo Thomas]]''
| 
| 
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117808443|Napoleon Bali]]''
| Olórí ìlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-12
| 2023-09-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117811710|Kelvin Chukwu]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117844531|Garba Maidoki]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| [[Benson Sunday Agadaga]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118830663|Heacho Allwell Onyesoh]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q119768366|Eteng Jonah Williams]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120001918|Osita Ngwu]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà (born 1978)
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120720782|Bernards Neda Imasuen]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120721069|Monday Okpebholo]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Monday Okpebholo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120721332|Yaro Anthony Siyako]]''
| Olóselú naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Kaka Shehu Lawan|Shehu Kaka Lawan]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2023-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120722678|Abiodun Sharafadeen Alli]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2023-05
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ahmad Abdulhamid Malam Madori|Ahmed Mallam- Madori Abdulhamid]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120736736|Olusegun Cyril Oluwole Fasuyi]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| [[Nwebonyi Onyeka Peter]]
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124791290|Amos Yohanna]]''
| 
| 
| 2023-10-16
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23636295|Yusuf Abubakar Yusuf]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09
| 
| 
|-
| [[Bassey Albert Akpan|Bassey Albert]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 2023-05&lt;br/&gt;2019-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23933538|Ifeanyi Ubah]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-02-25
| 2024-07-27
| [[Fáìlì:FC IFEANYI UBAH visit to WestHam United fc....... 7.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[John Owan Enoh]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:John Enoh.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24975774|Hamisu Musa]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Abubakar Kyari]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| [[Tokunbo Abiru]]
| oṣiṣẹ banki Naijiria ti o ṣe aṣeyọri, oniṣiro oniṣiro ati oloselu
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27517405|Lere Oyewumi]]''
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27662340|Onyewuchi Ezenwa]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2022-06
| 2022-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-11
| 
|-
| [[Oluranti Adebule]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:The Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari and Smt. Salma Ansari being received by the Deputy Governor of Lagos, Dr. (Mrs.) Oluranti Adebule, on their arrival, at Murtala Muhammed International Airport, in Lagos, Nigeria.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28420151|Buruju Kashamu]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Buruji Kashamu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Lanre Tejuosho]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-06
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Lanre tejuosho.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28600192|Francis Alimikhena]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-06
| 2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Francis Alimikhena.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29363716|Nelson Effiong]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2003-06-03
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2007-06-05
| 
|-
| [[Tony Nwoye]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-02-25
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30673985|Ned Nwoko]]''
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ned Nwoko.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ademola Adeleke]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q33113565|Christopher Stephen Ekpenyong]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Chris Ekpenyong.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Betty Apiafi]]
| oloselu
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Betty Apiafi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Lawal Yahaya Gumau|Gumau Yahaya]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018-03&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-11
| 2023-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Lawal Yahaya Gumau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Aishatu Jibril Dukku]]
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35538185|Agom Jarigbe]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2021-09-15&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Jarigbe Agom.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Darlington Nwokocha]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2023-06-11
| 2023-11-04
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35539352|Jika Dauda Halliru]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35539386|Douye Diri]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2020-02-11
| [[Fáìlì:Diri walking to the stage at SK Fest 2024 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Abubakar Lado]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| [[Emmanuel Yisa Orker-Jev]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35540252|Istifanus Gyang]]''
| Olóṣèlú naijiriya
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41693557|Jibrin I Barau]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Barau I Jibrin cropped portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41805511|Andrew Uchendu]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Barry Mpigi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47456115|Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel]]''
| Oloselu
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| [[Franca Afegbua]]
| 
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Franca Afegbua.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50345435|Suleiman Othman Hunkuyi]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2015-06
| 
| 
|-
| [[Abiodun Olujimi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09
| 2023-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52274670|Clifford Ordia]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ordia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53844501|David Umaru]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2014-06
| 2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53844504|Sabi Abdulahi]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ovie Omo-Agege]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-09
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55808166|Raji Ayoola Adeleke]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56222206|Samuel Anyanwu]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59828951|Friday K. Benson]]''
| oloselu Naijiria
| 
| 2023-05
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ajíbọ́lá Bàṣírù|Ajibola Bashiru]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61731589|Abdul-Aziz Nyako]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2015-06-06
| 2019-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61743048|Ahmad Abubakar]]''
| Olórí ìlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-06
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61756840|Bala Ibn Naallah]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| [[Isah Misau]]
| Alagba Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2015-06-06
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61942446|Adebayo Rafiu Ibrahim]]''
| Oloṣelu Naijiria ati Sẹnetọ to n ṣoju agbegbe igbimọ asofin ipinlẹ Kwara
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61992005|Malam Wakili]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-06
| 2018-03-17
| 
|-
| [[Tolu Odebiyi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62050387|Ibrahim Yahaya Oloriegbe]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 2022
| 
|-
| [[Adebayo Osinowo]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-06
| 2020-06-15
| 
|-
| [[Lọlá Áṣírù|Lola Ashiru]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Lola Ashiru.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62594993|Foster Ogola]]''
| 
| 
| 2015-06-09
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62604069|Uba Sani]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Mal Uba Sani.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Abdulfatai Buhari]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62604245|Gershom Bassey]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62733959|Peter Nwaoboshi]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2019
| 2023-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-09&lt;br/&gt;2023
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62894523|Joseph Ogba]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09
| 2023-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63016244|Bello Mandiya]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63016717|Ibrahim Hassan Hadejia]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 2023-06
| [[Fáìlì:Ibrahim Hassan Hadejia1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63029332|Suleiman Abdu Kwari]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63050503|Tijjani Yahaya Kaura]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| 
| 2015-06
| 2019-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63117844|Matthew Urhoghide]]''
| Oloselu  Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09
| 2023-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63142317|Utazi Chukwuka]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63190460|Duro Faseyi]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06-06
| 2019-06-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63190467|Benjamin Uwajumogu]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-12-18
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63819587|Sandy Ojang Onor]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64010361|Kurfi Umaru]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2015-06
| 2019-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64744009|Ibrahim Mohammed Bomai]]''
| Alagba Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Ibrahim-Bomai.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Akon Eyakenyi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Akon Eyakenyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Aishatu Dahiru Ahmed]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| [[Fáìlì:Aishatu Binani.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65030774|Mohammed Kola Balogun]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà ati senato lati ipinle Oyo
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 2023-06
| 
|-
| [[Binos Dauda Yaroe|Yaroe Binos Dauda]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2023-02-25&lt;br/&gt;2023-05
| 
| 
|-
| [[Ishaku Abbo|Ishaku Elisha Abbo]]
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-10-16
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Ishaku Abbo 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66005216|Yakubu Oseni]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66291380|Danjuma Laah]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09
| 2023-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06
| [[Fáìlì:Danjuma Laah at Afan 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66606809|Olubunmi Ayodeji Adetunmbi]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67080058|Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72764183|Shuaibu Isa Lau]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017-07-05
| 
| 
|-
| [[Hesekiah Dimka|Hezekiah Ayuba Dimka]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06
| 2023-06
| [[Fáìlì:Hezekiah Dimka.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83688256|Ignatius Datong Longjan]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2020-02-10
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83689174|Lawali Hassan Anka]]''
| Oloselu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2020
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83689398|Adamu Muhammad Bulkachuwa]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83689501|Francis Adenigba Fadahunsi]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83802158|Suleiman Sadiq Umar]]''
| Alagba Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83947188|Godiya Akwashiki]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2023-06
| 2023-06
| [[Fáìlì:Godiya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84579883|Nicholas Tofowomo]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84712546|Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2019&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-09
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84721887|Jibrin Isah]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 2023-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84724262|Biobarakuma Wangagha Degi Eremienyo]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84991358|Abdullahi Abubakar Yahaya]]''
| Olóṣèlu Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06&lt;br/&gt;2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-06-13
| 2019-06&lt;br/&gt;2023-06
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Yahaya Abubakar Abdullahi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85176801|Lawal Hassan Anka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85748522|Amos Bulus Kilawangs]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85785167|Michael Ama Nnachi]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| 
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85799574|Sani Mohammed]]''
| 
| 
| 2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85912730|Mohammed Sabo]]''
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06
| 2019-06-09
| [[Fáìlì:Nakudu 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Muhammad Bima Enagi]]
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 2023-06-11
| 
|-
| [[Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11&lt;br/&gt;2015-06-06
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sen. Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi, Chair, Senate Committee on Media &amp; Public Affairs, Abuja.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Sani Musa]]
| Eyi jẹ Alagba ile Nàìjíríà (Niger East
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019-06-11
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mr Mohammed Sani Musa.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Angola</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66615</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
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      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57148" sha1="08qwedgpsxq4u6rvyg8f3dq7lxr0lj9" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the National Assembly of Angola who was Member of the National Assembly twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q20179557 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q20179557/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q20179557/P580:Start date,P39/Q20179557/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[José Eduardo dos Santos]]
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:José Eduardo dos Santos 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem]]
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem (1980).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos]]
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q369895|Isaías Samakuva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Isaias Samakuva April 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Paulo Kassoma]]
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Paulo Kassoma, 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q424407|Akwá]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:FIFA World Cup 2006, Iran 1-1 Angola (07).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q962717|Paulo Teixeira Jorge]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q973742|Manuel Vicente]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Manuel Vicente 2014 DOS.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Lopo do Nascimento]]
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Lopo do Nascimento.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1624159|Welwitschia dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Pọ́rtúgàl]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Tchize dos santos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821497|Abel Epalanga Chivukuvuku]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2012-09-27
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Abel Chivukuvuku 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857736|António dos Santos França]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3069456|Fernando Faustino Muteka]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3181032|John Bella]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3187284|João Bernardo de Miranda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:João Bernardo de Miranda - 2005 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3268186|Luís Gomes Sambo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3375954|Maria Odeth Tavares]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3810723|João Melo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4733786|Almerindo Jaka Jamba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4750344|Ana Dias Lourenço]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ana Dias Lourenço (cropp).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4777533|António Bento Bembe]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931550|Boaventura Cardoso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5044792|Carolina Cerqueira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Carolina Cerqueira - 1st Session of the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5256370|Demosthenes Amos Chilingutila]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5350621|Ekuikui IV]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5483447|Francisco Lopes Higino Carneiro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2008
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6280350|Josefina Pitra Diakité]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Josefina Pitra Diakite.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6305249|Julião Mateus Paulo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6444389|Kundy Paihama]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6671916|Adriano Botelho de Vasconcelos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6696242|Lucas Ngonda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6752791|Manuel Pedro Pacavira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 2016-09-12
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6794396|Mawete João Baptista]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6844661|Miguel Maria N'Zau Puna]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7022496|Ngola Kabangu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7160040|Pedro de Morais Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7199028|Pitra Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7351774|Roberto Leal Monteiro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Leider van Angolese leger Luitenant kolonel Roberto Monteiro (bijnaam Ngongo) ti, Bestanddeelnr 932-0893.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10323941|Manuel Antonio Rabelais]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10365296|Ruy Mingas]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10387078|Uanhenga Xitu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11082410|Pedro Mutindi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2019-10-29
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Pedro Mutindi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13563288|Palmira Barbosa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13563289|Filomena Trindade]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14425057|Gustavo da Conceição]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15361222|Paulo Lukamba Gato]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2008
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16336949|Bornito de Sousa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2012-09-27
| 2022-08
| [[Fáìlì:Bornito de Sousa 2022.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16337620|Joana Lina]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16497857|Bento Joaquim Sebastião Francisco Bento]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Bento bento3.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18237182|Alberto do Carmo Bento Ribeiro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Alberto Ribeiro, 1978.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20730292|David Mendes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29359461|Rafael Massanga Sakaita Savimbi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29876330|Ananias Escórcio]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 2016-04-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29876705|Domingos João Ferreira Pinto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29876723|Guilhermina Contreiras da Costa Prata]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29876771|Jeremias Dumbo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29876789|Victória Francisca Correia Da Conceição]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30345017|José Samuel Chiwale]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30345887|Ernesto Mulato]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ernesto Mulato.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44812203|Maria Filomena de Fátima Lobão Telo Delgado]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51077235|Victória Izata]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883033|Isabel Peliganga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883162|Aldina da Lomba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883207|Adelina Chilica]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883208|Albertina Navemba Ngolo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883209|Carolina Cristina Elias]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883210|Cândida Celeste da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883212|Helena Bonguela Abel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883214|Josefina Gomes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883215|Luzia Inglês Van-Dúnem]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Luzia Inglês (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883315|Amélia Calumbo Quinta]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883316|Amélia Judith Ernesto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883317|Ana Ndala Fernando]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883318|Arlete Chimbinda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Arletechimbinda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883319|Clarice Mukinda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883320|Eduarda Magalhães]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883321|Elvira Van-Dúnem]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883322|Josefa da Assunção]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883324|Júlia Agostinho Celeste]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883325|Luísa Damião]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883327|Madalena Hanosike]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883328|Maria Ornelas]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883329|Maria Correia]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883330|Mariana Afonso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883331|Michaela Kopumi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883332|Miraldina Jamba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883333|Nazaré Mendes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883334|Odete Domingos dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883335|Ruth Adriano Mendes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883339|Suzana Augusto de Melo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883340|Teresa Chipia]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883342|Yolanda de Sousa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51883409|Maria Valente]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52224001|Cesinanda Narciso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52224006|Maria Vitória Chivukuvuku]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52224014|Regina Eduardo Txipoia]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52224023|Eulália Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52224026|Eugénia Gaspar]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53850376|Maria Mutunda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824055|Amália Maria Alexandre]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824056|Anabela Caiovo Gunga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824057|Angélica Nené Curita]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824060|Ansia Camuanga Correia]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824061|Bibiana Nandombua]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824062|Dulce Ginga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824063|Emília Dias]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824064|Ermelinda Máquina]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824065|Evelize Fresta]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824066|Joana Conceição]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824077|Luciana Rafael]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824078|Maria Taveya]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824081|Maria Escovalo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824082|Maria Fortes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824083|Odeth Ludovina Baca Joaquim]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824084|Rebeca Muaca]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824085|Teresa de Jesus Gonçalves]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54824097|Maria Fernandes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56347304|Pedro Agostinho de Neri]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59102914|Anibal Lopes Rocha]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59164229|Abel Xavier Nzuzi Lubota]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2023-12-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59164305|Adalberto Costa Júnior]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Adalberto Costa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59180409|Abel Lourenço Chocolate]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59180465|Adriano Abel Sapinãla]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59209455|Adriano Meireles Patrocínio]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2023-04-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59209460|Adérito Jaime Fernandes Kandambo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59209550|Alberto Francisco Ngalanela]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59209555|Alcides Sakala Simões]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59209560|Alexandre Sebastião André]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59209566|Alfredo Junqueira Dala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59283394|Alberto Paulino]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59283395|Alicerces Paulo Bartolomeu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59283398|Amilcar Campos Colela]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59660256|Américo António Cuononoca]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59660258|Anastácio Artur Ruben Sicato]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59660259|André Gaspar Mendes de Carvalho]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59660331|Antónino Filipe Tchiyulo Jeremias]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60440504|Raúl Danda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60865113|Manuel Domingos Augusto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Foreign Minister Augusto (47420242361) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60983576|Cândido Van-Dúnem]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61014621|Henrique Júnior]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61014623|Joaquim David]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61017245|José Joana André]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2018-10-12
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61020491|João Kussumua]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61960012|Roberto Francisco de Almeida]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Roberto de Almeida 710.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97482111|Jorge Inocêncio Dombolo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97496861|Ernesto Muangala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105072183|Paula Simons]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105491321|Isaac Francisco Maria dos Anjos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105491332|Julio Bessa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105491346|Pedro Sebastião]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105491350|Salomão José Luheto Xirimbimbi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108391566|Sérgio de Sousa Mendes dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109984869|João Ernesto dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:João Ernesto dos Santos, Defense Minister of Angola during a bilateral exchange at the Pentagon on May 28, 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109984872|Faustina Fernandes Inglês de Almeida Alves]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111517202|Virgílio Ferreira de Fontes Pereira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2018-10-12
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111517205|Pinda Simão]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2020-11-19
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111937228|Armando da Cruz Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111954380|Genoveva da Conceição Lino]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111954382|Manuel Gonçalves Muandumba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111954386|João Baptista Ngandagina]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111954409|Manuel Nunes Junior]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111954414|Maria Ângela Teixeira Bragança]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111954426|Victoria Francisco Lopes de Barros Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974236|Agostinho Ndjaka]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974237|António dos Santos Filipe]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974238|António Evaristo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974239|António Feliciano Ferreira Júnior]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974240|Araújo Macyke Pena]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974241|Armando Capunda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974242|Augusto Pedro Makuta Nkondo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974243|Benedito Daniel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974244|Bento Raimundo Kandala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974245|Carlos Tiago Kandanda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974246|Celso Eduardo Torres Capingãla]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974248|Cândida Maria Guilherme Narciso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974249|Daniel António]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974250|Diamantino Domingos Mussocola]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974251|Diógenes Do Espírito Santo Oliveira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974252|Domingos Afonso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974253|Domingos Oliveira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974254|Eduardo Dumbo Delfino]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974255|Eduardo Gomes Nelumba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974256|Elias Piedoso Chimuco]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974261|Estevão José Pedro Kachiungo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974265|Fele António]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974266|Felino Job]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974267|Fernando Bartolomeu Cativa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974268|Francisco Boaventura Canjongo Chitapa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974269|Francisco Gaio Kakoma António]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974270|Franco Meneses Marcolino Nhani]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974271|Félix Simão Lucas]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974272|Gabriel Hilifavali]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974273|Gilberto Manuel Pereira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974276|Jesuíno Manuel da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974279|Joaquim António Carlos Reis Júnior]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974280|Joaquim Frederico D'almeida]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974281|Joaquim José Migueis]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974282|Joaquim Nafoia]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974283|Job Pedro Castelo Capapinha]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974284|Jorge Miguêns Augusto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974285|Jorge Ribeiro Uefu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974286|Jorge Vitorino]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974288|José Alberto Quipungo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974289|José António Lopes Semedo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974290|José Artur Carmo Manuel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974291|José Carlos Ilenga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974292|José Eduardo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974293|José Francisco Tingão Pedro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974294|José Maria Jamba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974295|José Miúdo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974296|José Miúdo Ndambuca]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974297|José Moisés Cipriano]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974298|João António Lineha Muhembo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974299|João de Almeida Azevedo Martins]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974300|João Diogo Gaspar]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2022-09-16
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974301|João Fernando Mucanda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974302|João Garcia Quitas]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974303|João José Guerra de Freitas]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974304|João Luís Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974305|João Manuel Francisco]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974306|João Muzaza Caweza]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974307|João Segunda Ungaji]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974308|João Vicente Viemba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974309|Justino Feltro da Costa Pinto de Andrade]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974311|Kilamba Kiuyima Sebastião Van-Dúnem]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974312|Leonel Gomes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974313|Liberty Marlin Dircéu Samuel Chiaka]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974314|Lindo Bernardo Tito]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974315|Lourenço Alberto Chungo Lumingo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974318|Luís de Oliveira Rasgado]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974319|Luís Domingos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974323|Manuel António Gaspar Domingos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974324|Manuel Armando da Costa Ekuikui]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974325|Manuel da Cruz Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2022-10-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974326|Manuel Fernandes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974327|Manuel Lopes Moniz Dembo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974328|Manuel Sampaio Mucanda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974329|Manuel Savihemba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974331|Maria Do Carmo Assis Do Nascimento]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974336|Maria Luísa de Andrade]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974339|Maria Teresa da Felicidade Cardoso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974341|Mateus Isabel Júnior]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974342|Maurílio Luciano Sabino Luiele]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974343|Mendes Bartolomeu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974347|Monteiro Pinto Kapunga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974348|Morais António Neves Tomás]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974349|Mário Salomão]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974351|Nuno dos Anjos Caldas Albino]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974352|Nvunda Benvindo Das Neves Salucombo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974354|Ovídio Pahula]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974355|Paulino Nzuzi Mpoloantinu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974356|Paulo Pombolo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974357|Pedro Augusto Conga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974358|Pedro Diavova]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974359|Pedro Makita Armando Júlia]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974360|Pereira Alfredo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974361|Raúl Augusto Lima]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974363|Raúl Tati]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974365|Rosa Cacuhu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974367|Santa Simão Pedro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974369|Sediangani Mbimbi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974370|Serafim Maria Do Prado]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974371|Sikonda Lulendo Alexandre]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974372|Simão Albino António Dembo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974373|Sérgio Leonardo Vaz]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974374|Sérgio Luther Rescova Joaquim]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974376|Tomás Simão da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974377|Veríssimo Sapalo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974378|Vicente José da Costa Pinto de Andrade]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974379|Victorino Nhany]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974381|Virgílio Pedro Samussongo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974382|Víctor Mário Chicua Kajibanga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974383|Vígilio da Ressureição Bernardo Adriano Tyova]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974385|Zacarias Davoca]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974402|Mário Pinto de Andrade]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-09-28
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974677|Abílio José Augusto Kamalata Numa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974678|Adão Cristóvão Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974679|Afonso Maria Vaba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974680|Albertina Chitumbo Cuvango Limueta]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974681|Albertina Cugingomoco Muxindo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974682|Albertina Teresa José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974683|Alexandre António Mota Coelho Moreira Bastos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974684|Alfredo Berner]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974685|Ana Maravilha Borges Alé Fernandes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974686|Ana Maria Manuel João Taveira José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974688|Anabela Manuel dos Santos Alberto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974690|Anatilde de Jesus de Oliveira Freire Campos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974691|Angelina Adolfo Macai]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974692|Anita Raquel Bela Filipe]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974693|António Francisco Cortez]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974694|António Victorino]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974696|Armando Dala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974697|Aurora Junjo Cassule]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974698|Carlos Alberto Ferreira Pinto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974699|Carlos Alberto Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974700|Carlos da Rocha Cruz]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974701|Carlos de Oliveira Fontoura]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974702|Carlos Domingues Bendinha de Almeida]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974703|Cassongo João da Cruz]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974704|Clarice Matilde Munga Kaputu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974705|Daniel José Domingos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974707|Desidério da Graça Mpingue Kalenga Wapota]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974708|Domingos Kajama]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974709|Domingos Martins Ngola]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974710|Domingos Paulino Dembele]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974712|Eduardo Kuangana]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974713|Elioth Wongimba Ekolelo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974714|Elisa Kata]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974715|Eliseu Segunda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974716|Elsa Maria da Conceição Ambriz]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974717|Emílio José Homem Gomes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974718|Eugénia Tamar Semente Chiaca Ngandalo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974719|Eugênio Antonino Ngolo Manuvakola]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974720|Eva Quibuba Cangudi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974721|Exalgina Reneé Vicente Olavo Gambôa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974722|Fernando Domingos Heitor da Costa Francisco]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974723|Filipe Domingos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974724|Florentino Gabriel Sambundo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974725|Francisca de Fátima Do Espírito Santo Carvalho]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974726|Francisco Alberto Carlos Mendes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974727|Francisco de Castro Maria]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974728|Francisco José Ramos da Cruz]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974729|Francisco Magalhães Paiva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974731|Gabinete Local Do Moxico]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974732|Garcia Vieira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974733|Gerdina Ulipamue Didalelwa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974734|Graciana Eugénia Manuel Pedro Neves Caetano]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974735|Guilhermina Fundanga Manuel Mayer Alkaim]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974737|Irene Alexandra da Silva Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974738|Joana Meta Fernandes dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974739|Josefa José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974740|Josefina Pandeinge Haleinge]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974741|José da Costa Uamuhana]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974742|José Diogo Ventura]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974743|José Mangovo Tomé]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974744|José Mário Katiti]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974745|João Marques Ntiama]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974746|João Muatonguela]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974747|Julião Francisco Teixeira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974748|Larissa Chiola Rosa José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974750|Leonor Esperança Gaspar]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2015-01-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974751|Leonora Mbimbi de Morais]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974752|Lourenço Diogo Contreiras Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974754|Luis Reis Paulo Cuanga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974755|Manso João Miranda Pascoal]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974756|Manuel Augusto Fragata Morais]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974757|Manuel Figueira Calunga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974758|Manuel Francisco Tuta]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974760|Marcelina Huna Alexandre]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974761|Maria Buiti Makuala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974762|Maria Catarina Beúa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974763|Maria Do Rosário Amadeu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974764|Maria Isabel Camué]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974765|Maria José de Sousa Gouveia Alfredo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974767|Marta Beatriz Do Carmo Issungo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974768|Mfuca António Fuacaca Muzemba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974770|Mário António Quexigina Luandanda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974771|Mártires Correia Victor]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974772|Nicolau Sapalo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974773|Palmira Domingos Pascoal Bernardo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974774|Panzo Joaquim]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974775|Piedoso Chipindo Bonga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974776|Rodolfo da Ressurreição Bernardo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974777|Rosária Ernesto da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974778|Sabina Napolo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974779|Serafina Miguel Emilia Pinto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974781|Silvestre Gabriel Samy]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974782|Simão Geremias Boa Carroba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974783|Sofia Profírio Kassungo Mussonguela]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2021-04-22
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974784|Suzana Pereira Bravo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974785|Sónia Moisés Nele]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974786|Valeriano Chimo Cassuaué]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974787|Yaba Pedro Alberto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111974790|Ágata Maria Florinda Mbaka Raimundo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975093|Agostinho de Carvalho dos Santos Van-Dúnem]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2020-11-19&lt;br/&gt;2022-09-16
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975094|Amadeu Timóteo Malheiros de Amorim]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2019-10-29
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975096|António Rodrigues Afonso Paulo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2021-04-22
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975097|Deolinda Tchocondoca Valiangula]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2021-12-16
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975098|Djamila Huguette da Silva de Almeida]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2019-07-18
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975099|Eduardo Songuile Endome Faustino]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2021-04-22
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975100|Eusébio de Brito Teixeira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2019-01-23
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975101|Ginga Afonso Miguel dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975103|José Maria Ferraz dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2019-01-23
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975104|João Marcelino Tyipinge]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975105|Manuel Domingos Taby]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2020-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975106|Manuel Muteba Muxito]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2021-11-17
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975107|Manuel Teodoro de Jesus Quarta]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975108|Maria Augusta Leonel Correia]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017-10-27
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975109|Maria de Lourdes Roque Caposso Fernandes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975110|Paulo Horácio de Sequeira E Carvalho]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975111|Rui Luís Falcão Pinto de Andrade]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2021-04-22&lt;br/&gt;2022-09-16
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Rui Falcão press (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111975113|Álvaro Manuel de Boavida Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2018-10-12
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111994368|Dumilde das Chagas Rangel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111994389|José Amaro Tati]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111994450|Adriano Mendes de Carvalho]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111994573|Francisco Sozinho Chihuissa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111994576|Ernesto Fernando Kiteculo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111994587|Cristóvão Domingos Francisco da Cunha]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111994591|Norberto Fernandes dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112042382|Frederico Manuel dos Santos e Silva Cardoso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112042585|João Baptista Domingos Quiosa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112042671|Joao Miguel Vahekeni]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043495|Adelino Marques de Almeida]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043496|Adriana Sofia Cacuassa Bento]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043497|Adélia Maria Pires da Conceição de Carvalho]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043498|Afonso Domingos Pedro Van-Dúnem]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043500|Alda Juliana Paulo Sachiambo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043501|Alfredo Furtado de Azevedo Júnior]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043502|Alice Paulina Dombolo Chivaca]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043503|Amaro Cacoma da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043505|Ana Maria da Silva Sousa e Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043506|Ana Maria de Oliveira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043507|Ana Paula Cristóvão de Lemos dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043508|Anabela Trindade Jordão da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043509|Anabela da Graça Alexandre Leitão]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043514|António Daniel Ventura de Azevedo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043515|António Sambuquila]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043517|Beatriz Aurora Neves Salucombo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043518|Carla Maria Leitão Ribeiro de Sousa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043519|Carlito Roberto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043520|Carlos Francisco Conde]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043521|Carlos Magalhães]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043522|Catarina Pedro Domingos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043524|Delfina Helena Inácio]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043526|Edite Livila V. L. Manuel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043527|Elias Satyohamba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043528|Eufrazina Teresa da Costa Lopes Gomes Maiato]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043529|Feliciano Lizana Ozar]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043530|Felisbina Bento dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043531|Fernando Jonasse]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043535|Guilherme Cango]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043536|Inês Baca Cassule Camela]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043537|Isabel Helena da Costa Dala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043538|Isabel Nlandu Morena]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043540|Joaquim Wanga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043541|José Augusto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043542|José Manuel Chiwale]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043543|João Manuel Pinto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043545|Júlio Tungo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043546|Luís Wachihassa Maiajala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043549|Lúcia Maria Tomás]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043551|Manuel Lourenço Rocha da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043552|Manuel Pedro de Oliveira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043553|Maria Eulália Andrade Camilo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043554|Maria Isabel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043555|Maria José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043556|Maria Madalena da Costa Narciso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043557|Maria Rosa de Lourdes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043558|Maria Sebastião Inácio Jerónimo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043559|Maria da Conceição Wimbo Pinto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043560|Maria de Assunção Vahekeni do Rosário]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043561|Maria de Fátima Munhica António]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043563|Meneses Clemente Cambinda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043564|Nimi Ya Simbi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043565|Nzola Pierre Mamona]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043566|Paulo Gime]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043567|Pedrito Cuchiri]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043568|Pedro Domingos Peterson]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043569|Quintino António Moreira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043571|Raul José de Barcelos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043572|Raul Manuel Danda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043575|Rosa Pedro Afonso Garcia]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043586|Sabonete Muancopotola]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043588|Sapalo António]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043589|Sara Luísa Mateus]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043626|Teresa de Jesus Cohen dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043627|Tito Chimona]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112043663|Víctor Pedro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113624589|Florbela Malaquías]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125167569|Sara Fialho]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994806|Américo Kolonha Chivukuvuku]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994813|Agostinho Miquinho Domingos Casseça]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994814|Aia-Eza Nacília Gomes da Silva Troso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994815|Alberto José Catenda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994816|Alcides Severino Mbole Maiacala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994817|Alcino Jonas Kuvalela]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994818|Álvaro Chikwamanga Daniel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994819|Amélia de Jesus Alberto Camunheira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994820|Amélia Lave Dias Manuel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994821|Américo Carlos Wongo Samoma]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994822|Ana António Maria José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994823|Ana da Purificação Lara de Abreu Pires Delgado]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994824|Ana Maria Cordeiro Alves]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994825|Anabela Valentina Sapalalo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994826|Anastácio Severino Sambowe]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994827|Anilda Mariana Chivucuvucu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994828|António Kalandula Bândua]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994829|Apolo Pedro Felino Yakuvela]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994830|Ariane Rebeca Lusadisu Nhany]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994831|Arlete da Visitação Francisco e Castro Borges]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994832|Armando Manuel Caquepa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994833|Augusto Samuel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994834|Avelino Canjamba José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994836|Benjamim Manuel da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994837|Carla Maria Domingas Cativa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994838|Carlos Xavier Luis Lucas]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994839|Clara Vieira Tavares]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994840|Clementina José Da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994841|Conceição João Faria Paulo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994842|Crispiniano Vivaldino Evaristo dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994843|Custódio Agostinho Kamuango Lopes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994844|David Álvaro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994845|David Kisadila]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994847|Dolina Nassocópia Miguel Tchinhama]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994848|Domingos Eduardo Palanga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994849|Edna Beneque Queximalunga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994850|Elisa Solanje de Almeida Paxe]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994851|Elisandra Mônica Rodrigues Coelho]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994852|Elizandra Janete Gourgel Wassuca]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994853|Emília da Conceição Panjimba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994854|Emiliana Nhengo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994855|Erika Linete Batalha de Carvalho Aires]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994856|Ernesto da Costa Kassongo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994857|Esperança Luzia Jackson Pembele da Conceição]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994858|Estevão Neto Pedro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994859|Esteves António Diavova]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994860|Esteves Carlos Hilário]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994861|Eva Gonçalves da Costa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994862|Faustino Morais António Manuel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994863|Felizmina Maria Valentim Lutucuta de Sousa]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994864|Fernanda Deolinda Sumbo Guerra]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994865|Fernanda Filomena dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994866|Fernando Domingos Pedro Muanza]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994867|Fernando Hombo Dinis]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994869|Florêncio Kanjamba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994870|Francisco Fernandes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994872|Bruno Da Silva De Melo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994873|Gervásio Nombo Zau]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994874|Helena Berta Buca Vando Marciano]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994876|Hemingarda João Fernandes]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994877|Ilda de Fátima da Silva Almeida Martins]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994878|Ireno Nauta Domingos Nambalo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994879|Irina De Almeida Santos Diniz Ferreira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994880|Isaías Daniel Sambangala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994881|Isolina Teresa Pinto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994882|Jeremias Ernesto Barbosa Mahula]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994883|Jeremias Kaunda Abílio]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994884|Joana Domingos dos Santos Filipe Tomás Martins]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994885|João Kanda Bernardo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994886|João Manuel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994887|João Mpilamosi Domingos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994888|João Quipipa Dias]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994890|Joel Armando Kafuka Pacheco]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994891|Jorge Martins da Cruz]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994893|José do Gringo Júnior Lembe]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994894|Julieta Carlos Baptista Vicente]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994896|Lázaro de Oliveira Guelson Kakunha]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994897|Leonor da Silva Ferreira Garibaldi de Lima E Cruz]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994899|Lizete da Conceição Manuel Gonga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994900|Lúcia Yoleni Sincopela]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994901|Luciana Mona Cachiangui]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994902|Luís Fernandes do Nascimento]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994903|Luisa da Conceição António Bunga Liunda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994904|Manuel Domingos da Fonseca]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994906|Manuel Mbalu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994907|Marcial Adriano Dachala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994908|Mardanês Agostinho Calunga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994910|Maria Antonieta Josefina Sabina Baptista]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994911|Maria da Conceição Mendonça Caldeira de Palma]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994912|Maria do Espirito Santo da Silva Monteiro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994913|Maria Emília Da Silva Inácio]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994914|Maria Esperança Pires dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994915|Maria Fonseca]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994916|Maricel Marinho da Silva Capama]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994917|Mbamby Keane Victória dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994919|Milonga Manuel Bernardo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994920|Moniz Alfredo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994921|Monteiro Renaldo Eliseu]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994922|Nádia Agostinho Borges da Conceição Monteiro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994923|Narciso Damásio dos Santos Benedito]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994924|Nary Cajica Manuel Aguiar]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994925|Nazário Pedro Vilhena Bomba Vilhena]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994927|Nuno Álvaro Dala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994928|Olívio Fortunato Esperança Quilumbo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Olívio N'kilumbo 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994929|Osvaldo António José Caculo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994930|Paciência Amélia Albertina Caxita]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994931|Paula Cristina Inácio Contreiras]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994932|Paula Regina Simões de Oliveira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994933|Pedro Francisco Tanda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994935|Peregrino Isidro Wambu Chindondo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994936|Ricardina Inocência dos Santos Chilombo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994937|Rodrigues Manuel Tandala]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994938|Rosa Branca da Cunha Cardoso Albino]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994939|Rui Malopa Miguel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994940|Sandra Teresa Numanawa Kakunda Henriques]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994941|Santiago Lino Vunge Primeiro]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994942|Saúde Victorino Luenheca Txizau]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994944|Teresa Afonso Pinto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994945|Teresa Cholimba Mateus Mulumbila]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994946|Teresa José Adelina da Silva Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994947|Vasco Manuel Sangongo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125994948|Xavier Jaime Manuel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126038207|Adérito Chimuco Samucambo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2022-09-16
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126122979|Afonso Morais Kuedi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123053|Adão Campos Congo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123077|Bernarda Golçalves Martins Henrique da Silva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123078|Catarina Tchitaka de Oliveira]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123079|Cesaltina da Conceição Major]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123080|Constantino Manuel dos Santos]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123081|Deolinda Ódia Paula Satula Vilarinho]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123082|Desidéria Hatupuilikine Ndakhupapo]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123083|Domingas Pedro Francisco Damião]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123084|Domingos Damião Neto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123085|Domingos Vicente Rafael Mate]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123088|Elisa Fernanda Vihemba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123090|Eufêmia Hambeleleni]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123091|Eufrazina Malamba Magalhães Teodoro Paiva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123093|Inocência de Deus Faria de Morais]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123094|Jacinto dos Santos José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123095|José Domingos Francisco Tuta]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123096|José Eduardo Carmo Nelumba]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123097|José Gabriel Paiva]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123099|José Pami]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123100|Maria de Lourdes Sousa Abambres Veiga]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123101|Maria Mpava Medina]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123102|Maria Sebita João Pertence]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123104|Nzuzi Makiese Wete]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123105|Rodeth Gil]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123106|Rosália Sandalawa Capanda]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123107|Samuel Daniel]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123108|Teresa Jorge Pinto]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123109|Vasco Pedro José]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126123213|Maria da Conceição Roque Caposso]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126366046|Simão Muvuma Satambi]]''
| 
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 
| 2014-07-26
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>08qwedgpsxq4u6rvyg8f3dq7lxr0lj9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Burundi</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636857</id>
      <parentid>636046</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T06:42:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636857</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10127" sha1="q3820hkqu9lp35r5hut8cra8ktp2fy5" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the National Assembly of Burundi who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295973 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295973/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295973/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295973/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580856|Oscar Ndizeye]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580857|Denis Karera]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580858|Helene Kandava]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580859|Souavis Habonarugira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580860|Herman Habonarugira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580861|Nicolas Barajingwa]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580862|Jacqueline Nizigama]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580863|Monfort Bigirimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580864|Joachin Barutwanayo]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580865|Amelie Ninganza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580866|Pascaline Ndagijimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580867|Valence Kaneza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580868|Emmanuel Ndorimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580869|Jeanine Habarugira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580870|Amedee Rucaragi]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580871|Mediatrice Manirakiza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2836630|Alice Nzomukunda]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3089596|Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3527314|Therence Sinunguruza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5423116|Ezechiel Nibigira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| [[Fáìlì:Burundian Minister of Foreign Affairs Ezéchiel Nibigira.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19904605|Manasse Nzobonimpa]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25431475|Jean Ciza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107135910|Alain Mutabazi]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113847468|Gelase Ndabirabe]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114297339|Martin Niteretse]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123701217|Jean-Marie Nibirantije]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126683901|Jean-Marie Muhirwa]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134413690|Dénise Ndadaye]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134414096|Patricie Nduwimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134414346|Catherine Mabobori]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2005-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134712585|Come Manirakiza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134712792|Martin Nivyabandi]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135465574|Charles NDIZEYE]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135465731|Fabien HARAMATEGEKO]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135466233|Pacifique NDIHOKUBWAYO]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135487835|Gervais Abayeho]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135559172|Boussessia Nkezimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580743|Ernest Niyokindi]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580762|Joselyne Baranyanka]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580763|Ruben Ntamavyariro]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580764|Boniface Banyiyezako]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580765|Remy Ndarufatiye]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580766|Deogratias Intunguka]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580767|Ange Denise Kamere]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580768|Ancile Nibigira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580769|Shabani Nimubona]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580770|Redempteur Gahitira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580771|Fulgence Kwizera]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580772|Nadia Niyonkuru]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580773|Pascal Nitunga]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580774|Georgine Mbonimpa]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580775|Zenon Ndaruvukanye]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580776|Alice Niyitunga]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580777|Olivier Suguru]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580780|Adeline Ingabire]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580782|Sylvie Nizigama]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580783|Doriane Imunezero]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580784|Renovat Mbazumutima]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580785|Juma Saidi]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580786|Venerande Nahimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580787|Chrysologue Mutwa]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580788|Salvator Ntahobakinira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580789|Justin Niyobuhungiro]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580790|Chantal Barampama]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580791|Jerome Bahati]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580792|Felicite Iraharira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580793|Evelyne Nduwayezu]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580794|Julienne Ndayihaya]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580795|Gerard Bikebako]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580796|Josee Kwizera]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580797|Dieudonne Bizimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580798|Floribert Nzambimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580799|Claude Badugaritse]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580800|Jeanne Izomporera]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580801|Chantal Niyonzima]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580802|Ernest Ciza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580803|Renovat Hakizimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580804|Esperance Nininahazwe]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580806|Fabrice Nkurunziza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580807|Adda Nsengiyumva]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580808|Dieudonne Iradukunda]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580809|Celestin Niyonsaba]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580810|Revocate Nibigira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580811|Donatien Manirakiza]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580812|Zachee Misago]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580814|Eric Nshimirimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580815|Odette Ntibesha]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580816|Donavine Niyonsaba]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580817|Nestor Irambona]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580818|Petronie Bucumi]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580819|Françoise Nivyimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580820|Tantine Ncutinamagara]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580821|Ndutura Nibitanga]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580823|Emmanuel Ndayizeye]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580824|Mediatrice Kankuyo]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580826|Godefilde Nduwarugira]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580829|Sandrine Ikitonze]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580830|Jean-Claude Mbarushimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580832|Marie Odette Hakizimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580833|Nestor Musafiri]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580834|Sylvestre Ngendakumana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580836|Leonidas Ndaruzaniye]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580838|Vincent Ndagijimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580839|Francine Dusabe]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580840|Beline Uwimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580842|Venant Nduwimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580843|Dieudonne Niyonsavye]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580844|Jeannette Ndayishimiye]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580845|Phocas Bigirimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580846|Epipode Baranyikwa]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580848|Epipode Kamana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580849|Venant Manirambona]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580852|Devote Nizigiyimana]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580853|Louis Kamwenubusa]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580854|Innocent Niyonkuru]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580855|Beatrice Bukuru]]''
| 
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2025
| 2030
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>q3820hkqu9lp35r5hut8cra8ktp2fy5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Kenya</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66707</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636717</id>
      <parentid>635999</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T12:13:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636717</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="88621" sha1="sc1fgemqk9f5818skx7wmc1t9js11ts" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the National Assembly who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q17510786 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q17510786/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q17510786/P580:Start date,P39/Q17510786/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Wangari Maathai]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2538511|Kenya Colony]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Wangari Matthai 2001 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mwai Kibaki]]
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1974&lt;br/&gt;1963
| 2013-01&lt;br/&gt;2013-03-28
| [[Fáìlì:Mwai Kibaki (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Raila Odinga]]
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992-12-29
| 2013-01-17
| [[Fáìlì:Raila Amolo Odinga 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58188|Moses Wetangula]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Moses Wetangula (Moses Francis Masika Wetang'ula) of the Republic of Kenya in 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121708|Moses Mudavadi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q195725|William Ruto]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:William Ruto 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Uhuru Kenyatta]]
| olóṣèlú, Kẹ́nyà
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2003-01
| 2013-01
| [[Fáìlì:PMO IMG 5262 (40547346173) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q346046|Elijah Lagat]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2007
| 2013
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q447119|Wesley Korir]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013-03-28
| 2017-07-16
| [[Fáìlì:Wesley Korir 2012 Boston Marathon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q457713|Newton Kulundu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q469641|Grace Emily Akinyi Ogot]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q539821|Charity Ngilu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Charity Kaluki Ngilu at Opening Session.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q593552|Michael Kijana Wamalwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2003
| [[Fáìlì:Wamalwapotr.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q645228|Jaramogi Oginga Odinga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q710549|Arthur Magugu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q733817|George Saitoti]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:George Saitoti (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q743818|David Kimutai Too]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q860562|Bildad Kaggia]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Bildad Kagia. Nairobi. 1949.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1030776|Mohamed Yusuf Haji]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2003
| 2013-03
| [[Fáìlì:Yusufhaji.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1175814|David Musila]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1372633|Gitobu Imanyara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1999
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1395018|Kalonzo Musyoka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1985
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Kalonzo Musyoka1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1507950|George Muhoho]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1708590|Joshua Orwa Ojode]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1954003|Musalia Mudavadi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Musalia Mudavadi, Prime Cabinet Secretary and Cabinet Secretary for Foreign and Diaspora Affairs of Kenya, at the Department of State in Washington, D.C. on February 1, 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2013243|Oburu Odinga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2189073|Raphael Tuju]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2287087|Simeon Nyachae]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2607345|Kenneth Marende]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Meira Kumar meets the Speaker of the Parliament of Kenya, Mr. Kenneth Marende, EGH, during the 56th Conference of Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, in Nairobi, Kenya, on September 14, 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2662202|Mugabe Were]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2823023|Achieng Oneko]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Jomo Kenyatta Apa Pant and Acheing Oneko.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2843930|Amos Kimunya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Amos Kimonya, IMF 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3113007|Grace Onyango]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Grace Onyango Kenyan MP.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Martha Karua]]
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Martha Karua.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3706976|Dick Wathika]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 2010-04-30
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3898130|Paul Ngei]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Moody Awori]]
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Moody Awori.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4540107|Charles Njonjo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1980
| 1983
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4591769|Koigi wa Wamwere]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4663137|Ababu Namwamba]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon Ababu Namwamba taking oath of office as Minister for Sports and Youth Affairs before President Mwai Kibaki at Harambee House, Nairobi 2013-08-23 17-37.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664957|Yusuf Hassan Abdi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Yusuf Hassan Abdi (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664971|Abdikadir Hussein Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664992|Abdirahman Ali Hassan]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665260|Abdul-Ali Bahari]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4670109|Abu Chiaba]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4680594|Adan Keynan Wehliye]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:Wehiye, Adan Keynan cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4682154|Aden Bare Duale]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Kenya Defense Cabinet Secretary Aden Duale at the Kenya Ministry of Defense in Nairobi, Kenya on September 25, 2023 - 230925-D-PM193-2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4682177|Aden Sugow]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4693102|Agnes Pareiyo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022
| 2027
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696013|Ahmed Shakeel Shabbir Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4705081|Sam Ongeri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sam Ongeri (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4717538|Alex Muthengi Mwiru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4723008|Alfred Khang'ati]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4723231|Alfred Odhiambo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4723395|Alfred Sambu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4725044|Ali Mohamud Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4807410|Asman Kamama]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4812751|Atanas Keya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4861331|Barnabas Muturi Mwangi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4887267|Benedict Fodo Gunda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4888887|Benjamin Jomo Washiali]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4897658|Beth Wambui Mugo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2007
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Beth Wambui Mugo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931560|Boaz Kipchumba Kaino]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4942502|Bonny Khalwale]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5000973|Burudi Nabwera]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5021394|Calist Andrew Mwatela]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5056517|Cecily Mutitu Mbarire]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Cecily Mutitu Mbarire.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5076212|Charles Keter]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon’ble Charles Keter shakes Yukiya Amano's hand (05010387) (46039052902) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5079790|Charles Kilonzo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5080381|Charles Lugano]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081173|Charles Mutisya Nyamai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081372|Charles Onyancha]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Charles Onyancha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5082206|Charles Rubia]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5101863|Chirau Ali Mwakwere]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5107549|Chris Murungaru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1998
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5107643|Chris Okemo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5112986|Christopher Obure]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:Christopher Obure.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5131357|Clement Kungu Waibara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5131380|Clement Muchiri Wambugu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5200387|Cyprian Ojwang Omollo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5201109|Cyrus Jirongo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5211525|Dalmas Otieno]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5218210|Daniel Muoki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5218224|Daniel Musyoka Mutinda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221098|Danson Mungatana]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221099|Danson Mwazo Mwakulegwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5222951|Darius Msagha Mbela]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1998
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5233422|David Eseli Simiyu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5233438|David Ethuro]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ekwee David Ethuro Senate of Poland 2015 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5236093|David Koech]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5237863|David Mwaniki Ngugi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5237864|David Mwiraria]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:David Mwiraria, IMF 2004.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5240969|David Were]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5346713|Edwin Ochieng Yinda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360552|Elias Mbau]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360973|Elijah Mwangale]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5363291|Elizabeth Ongoro]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5371996|Emillio Kathuli]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5382308|Ephraim Maina]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5385013|Erastus Kihara Mureithi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5401255|Esther Murugi Mathenge]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5407838|Eugene Wamalwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Eugine Ludovic Wamalwa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5415878|Evans Akula]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5429550|Fahim Yasin Twaha]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5434731|Farah Maalim Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Faaraxsave.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5443920|Ferdinand Waititu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2015-05-04
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5455562|Fitz Remedios Santana de Souza]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5480460|Francis Chachu Ganya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5481874|Francis Masakhalia]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5482591|Francis Thombe Nyammo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5491306|Franklin Bett]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Franklin Bett.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5491660|Franklin Linturi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5495322|Fred Gumo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1994
| 2013
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5495634|Fred Kapondi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5498498|Frederick Outa Otieno]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5499421|Fredrick Oduya Oprong]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5536384|George Anyona]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5541326|George Khaniri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5545223|George Thuo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559628|Gideon Mung'aro]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559630|Gideon Ndambuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5561019|Gilbert Kabere M'mbijiwe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5576439|Godfrey Gitahi Kariuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5584340|Gor Sunguh]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5679565|Hassan Ali Joho]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5724462|Henry Kosgey]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6076813|Isaac Mulatya Muoki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6077048|Isaac Ruto]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6117200|Jackson Kiptanui]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6122859|Charles Njagua Kanyi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6134603|James Gichuru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6137496|James Kwanya Rege]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6138825|James Maina Kamau]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6140626|James Ondicho Gesami]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6140628|James Omingo Magara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6140639|James Orengo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:James Orengo in 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6147903|Jamleck Irungu Kamau]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon Jamleck Kamau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6180863|Jeremiah J.M. Nyagah]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6180925|Jeremiah Ngayu Kioni]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6238091|John Harun Mwau]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2007
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Harun-mwau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6243378|John Koech]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6248686|John Michuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:John Michuki.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6249843|John Munyes]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6250396|John Ngata Kariuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2007-12
| 2010-10
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6251185|John Olago Aluoch]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6252609|John Pesa Dache]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6268381|Johnson Nduya Muthama]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Johnstone Muthama.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6283465|Joseph Gachoki Gitari]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6285854|Joseph Nyagah]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6285933|Joseph Ole Nkaissery]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6285990|Joseph Oyugi Magwanga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6287763|Joseph Wamukoya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6288275|Josephat Karanja]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6288277|Josephat Koli Nanok]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6289987|Joshua Kutuny]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6297432|Joyce Cherono Laboso]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2008-09-25
| 2017-08-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6309902|Julius Kipyegon Kones]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6309933|Julius Lekakeny Sunkuli]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6309975|Julius Murgor]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6343844|Kabando wa Kabando]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6377793|Katoo Ole Metito]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6405280|Kiema Kilonzo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406813|Kilemi Mwiria]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414629|Kipkalya Kones]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414697|Kiprono Langat]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414699|Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1990
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414781|Kiraitu Murungi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6418829|Kivutha Kibwana]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6418830|Kivuti Maxwell]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6514327|Lee Kinyanjui]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6536911|Lewis Nguyai Nganga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6550225|Linah Kilimo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Linah Jebii Kilimo, Chair of anti-FGM Board, Kenya, speaking at the Girl Summit 2014 (14724900665).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6681363|Lorna Laboso]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6696106|Lucas Chepkitony]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6701602|Luka Kigen]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6759579|Margaret Kamar]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6759998|Margaret Wanjiru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6776584|Martin Shikuku]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6780919|Mary Wambui]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013-03-28
| 2017-08-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6791519|Matthias Benedict Keah]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799567|Mbadi John Ng'ongo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799700|Mbiyu Koinange]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6848880|Mike Sonko]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2010-09-20
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Sonko in 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891252|Nassir Ali Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891260|Mohamed Ibrahim Elmi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891343|Mohamed Maalim Mohamud]]''
| 
| [[Ẹritrẹ́à]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:MohamedMaalimMohamud.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6893179|Mohammed Kuti]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6915674|Moses Akaranga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6933478|Mukhisa Kituyi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mukhisa Kituyi - 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6937046|Munyua Waiyaki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6939960|Musa Sirma]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6943746|Mutava Musyimi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mutava Musyimi with Children in Gachoka.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944629|Mwalimu Masudi Mwahima]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944671|Festus Mwangi Kiunjuri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6961671|Namesyus Warugongo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6967675|Nassir Nuh Abdi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6983763|Ndiritu Muriithi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6990527|Nelson Gaichuhie]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7025073|Nicholas Biwott]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1979
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7025483|Nicholas Gumbo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17386192|Grace Kiptui]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17411041|Fatuma Ibrahim Ali]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013-03
| 2017-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17464750|Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17509770|Adhu Awiti]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18098773|Robert Pukose]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18207112|Samuel Chumel Moroto]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2001&lt;br/&gt;2017-08-31
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18217506|Grace Jelagat Kipchoim]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2018-04-20
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18388019|Khatib Mwashetani]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18417138|Nancy Ascencio]]''
| 
| [[Fenesuela]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18612608|Fred Mbiti Gideon Mati]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18629013|Marsden Madoka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19008951|George Muchai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19386807|Philip Godana]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19604826|Robert Mbui]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19604843|Jackson Kasanga Mulwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19662588|Filemon F. Indire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Indire visiting a park in Illinois, USA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20744564|Isaac Mwaura]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:SEN. DR ISAAC MWAURA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982198|George Nyamweya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062735|Gideon Mwiti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062983|Marianne Jebet Kitany]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22003006|Mohamed Abdi Affey]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:2015 08 Hiran Shebelle Formation-9 (20400044455).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22278744|Moses Kuria]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Moses Kuria - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22279006|Richard Makenga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23808689|George Ndung’u Mwicigi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23887512|Timothy Wanyonyi Wetangula]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:HON. TIM WANYONYI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24006889|Esther Passaris]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Esther Passaris.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24892770|Ngala Mwendwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25113132|Daniel Karaba]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Dickson Daniel Karaba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26923586|Alice Wahome]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Alice Wahome - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28113009|Irungu Kang'ata]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:IKangata.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28967580|Sakaja Johnson]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sakaja in 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29533497|Thomas Okelo-Odongo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1963
| 1969
| [[Fáìlì:Tom Okelo Odongo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29572473|Simon Mbugua]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30323725|Wavinya Ndeti]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Wavinya2.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Naisula Lesuuda]]
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2022
| [[Fáìlì:Naisula lesuuda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38459259|Kipsengeret Koros]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38668434|Janet Ong'era]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2022-08
| [[Fáìlì:Janet ongera picture.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43927930|Muthomi Njuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Muthomi nJUKI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46190459|Francis Nyenze]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46358834|Nimrod Mbai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Nimrod Mbai Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47093702|Beatrice Elachi]]''
| 
| 
| 2022-08
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Beatrice.webp|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47483883|Elsie Busihile Muhanda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47486849|Gertrude Mbeyu Mwanyanje]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2022-08
| [[Fáìlì:Gertrude Mwanyanje.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489018|David Losiakou Pkosing]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489037|Michael Mwangi Muchira]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489052|Gladys Wanga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Wanga in 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489064|Kulow Maalim Hassan]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489991|Gladwell Jesire Cheruiyot]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490021|Joyce Chepkoech Korir]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490030|Catherine Nanjala Wambilianga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490033|Jane Jepkorir Kiptoo Chebaibai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490034|Jane Wanjuki Njiru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490037|Anab Mohamed Gure]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490038|Rehema Dida Jaldesa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490039|Janet Marania Teyiaa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490043|Florence Bore]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490045|Gathoni Wamuchomba]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490046|Purity Wangui Ngirici]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490048|Rozaah Akinyi Buyu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490049|Irene Muthoni Kasalu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490050|Zuleikha Ju Ma Hassan]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490051|Catherine Wanjiku Waruguru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490052|Ruweida Mohamed Obo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490053|Joyce Kamene]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490054|Rose Museo Mumo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490056|Amina Gedow Hassan]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490057|Safia Sheikh Adan]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490058|Kawira Mwangaza]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490059|Pamela Awuor Ochieng]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490061|Chelule Chepkorir Liza]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490062|Tecla Chebet Tum]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490064|Roselinda Soipan Tuya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Soipan latest photo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490065|Jerusha Mongina Momanyi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490066|Faith Wairimu Gitau]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Faith Gitau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490068|Rahab Mukami Wachira]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490069|Maison Leshoomo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490071|Christine Ombaka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490072|Lydia Haika Mnene Mizighi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Lydia Haika.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490073|Rehema Hassan]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490074|Beatrice Nkatha Nyaga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490075|Janet Nangabo Wanyama]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490076|Joyce Akai Emanikor]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490078|Gladys Jepkosgei-Boss Shollei]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490079|Beatrice Kahai Adagala]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;200-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490080|Lilian Cheptoo Tomitom]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493894|Gideon Sitelu Konchela]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493900|Athanas Misiko Wafula Wamunyinyi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Deputy Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia Wafula Wamunyinyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493905|David Gikaria]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493910|Isaac Waihenya Ndirangu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493913|Korei Ole Lemein]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493920|James Wambura Nyikal]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493923|Omar Mwinyi Shimbwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493925|Charles Gumini Gimose]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493930|Samuel Arama]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493933|Richard Moitalei Ole Kenta]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493935|David Njuguna Kiaraho]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493938|Swarup Ranjan Mishra]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Swarup-ranjan-mishra.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493940|Alfred Agoi Masadia]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493944|James Lusweti Mukwe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493946|Kassim Sawa Tandaza]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493951|James Mwangi Gakuya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493953|Ali Wario]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493956|Christopher Omulele]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493958|Mathenge James Kanini Kega]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493961|Ben George Orori Momanyi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493962|Johana Ngeno Kipyegon]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493964|Bady Twalib Bady]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493967|Suleiman Dori]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2020-03-09
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493970|George Theuri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493974|Paul Simba Arati]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493977|William Kamuren Chirchir Chepkut]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493981|Sylvanus Maritim]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493985|Cornelly Serem]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493987|Samuel Onunga Atandi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Samuel Atandi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493990|John Walter Owino]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Walter Owino (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493992|Onesmas Kimani Ngunjiri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493997|Abdi Omar Shurie]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494001|Joshua Chepyegon Kandie]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494007|Nelson Koech]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494008|Innocent Momanyi Obiri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494010|Zadoc Abel Ogutu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494192|Miruka Ondieki Alfah]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494197|Ronald Kiprotich Tonui]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494199|Beatrice Pauline Cherono Kones]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2008
| 2022-08&lt;br/&gt;2013
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494200|John Oroo Oyioka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2015-05-04
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494201|Gideon Ochanda Ogolla]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494205|Raphael Bitta Sauti Wanjala]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494208|Moses Wekesa Mwambu Mabonga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494212|Japheth Kiplangat Mutai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494217|Nicholas Scott Tindi Mwale]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494219|Joseph H Maero Oyula]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494223|Mugambi Murwithania Rindikiri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494224|Moses Nguchine Kirima]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494225|Gideon Kimutai Koske]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494228|Wilson Kipngetich Kogo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494231|Patrick Munene Ntwiga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494238|Mohamed Dahir Duale]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494245|John Kiarie Waweru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:John Kiarie Waweru.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494250|Benjamin Gathiru Mwangi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494255|Owino Paul Ongili Babu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494260|Julius Musili Mawathe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494265|Alexander Kimutai Kigen Kosgey]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494270|Jeremiah Omboko Milemba]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494273|Abdikhaim Osman Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494280|Wilberforce Ojiambo Oundo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494291|Said Buya Hiribae]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494292|Teddy Ngumbao Mwambire]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494295|Ali Wario Guyo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494298|Joseph Nduati Ngugi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494304|Annie Wanjiku Kibeh]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494306|Elisha Ochieng Odhiambo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494307|Robert Gichimu Githinji]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494309|Martha Wangari Wanjira]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494311|Gabriel Kago Mukuha]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494313|George Peter Opondo Kaluma]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494314|Cyprian Kubai Iringo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494318|Richard Maore Maoka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;1992
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494319|John Paul Mwirigi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494321|Sophia Abdi Noor]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494323|Benard Masaka Shinali]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494329|Hassan Oda Hulufo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494330|Abdi Koropu Tepo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494331|Francis Munyua Waititu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494335|James Githua Kamau Wamacukuru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494338|Eve Akinyi Obara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494339|Mark Lomunokol]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494341|Joshua Kivinda Kimilu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494347|Elijah Memusi Kanchory]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2015-05-04
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494350|Joseph Wathigo Manje]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494354|Metito Judah Katoo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494355|George Risa Sunkuyia]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494361|Paul Kahindi Katana]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494365|Clement Muturi Kigano]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494373|Fabian Kyule Muli]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494377|Oscar Kipchumba Sudi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494383|Andrew Adipo Okuome]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494386|Mercy Wanjiku Gakuya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494389|Charles Ong'ondo Were]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494393|James Kipkosgei Murgor]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494399|Daniel Kipkogei Rono]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494400|Christopher Aseka Wangaya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494404|Paul Koinange]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2021-03-31
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494407|Jude L Kangethe Njomo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494410|Kenneth Odhiambo Okoth]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2019-07-26
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494415|Jessica Nduku Kiko Mbalu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013&lt;br/&gt;2017&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2017&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494421|Patrick Mweu Musimba]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2013-10-17
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494424|Ruth W Mwaniki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494428|Samson Ndindi Nyoro]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:NDINDI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494431|Anthony Kimani Ichung`wah]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494435|Owen Yaa Baya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494438|Richard Ken Chonga Kiti]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494444|Thaddeus Kithua Nzambia]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494446|Didmus Wekesa Barasa Mutua]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494460|Chrisantus Wamalwa Wakhungu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494464|Benjamin Dalu Stephen Tayari]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494467|Zachary Kwenya Thuku]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494470|Kirui Joseph Limo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494471|Hilary Kiplang'at Kosgei]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494473|John Munene Wambugu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494478|Ali Menza Mbogo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7041983|Nixon Kiprotich Korir]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Langata mp.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042423|Njenga Karume]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Njenga Karume 060808-N-0411D-015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042468|Njoki Susanna Ndung'u]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2003
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Njoki Ndungu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042591|Nkoidilla Lankas]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7045471|Noah Wekesa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Noah Wekesa - 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7052649|Norman Nyagah]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7067636|Ntoitha M'mithiaru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7071124|Nyiva Mwendwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Charity Kaluki Ngilu at Opening Session.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7089757|Omar Mbwana Zonga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7108730|Otieno Kajwang]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1998
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Gerald Otieno Kajwang Tartus, 9. mai 2014 - Foto Lilian Lukka.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7146063|Patrick Ayiecho Olweny]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7146899|Patrick Kariuki Muiruri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7152646|Paul Muite]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7152844|Paul Otuoma]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7168746|Peris Chepchumba]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7172546|Peter Anyang' Nyong'o]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Kisumu Governor Anyang Nyong'o giving speech.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7173815|Peter Edick Omondi Anyanga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7175166|Peter Kenneth]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Assistant Minister Peter Kenneth.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7175181|Peter Kiilu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7175990|Peter Munya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Peter Munya - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176115|Peter Njoroge Baiya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176116|Peter Njeru Ndwiga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1335242|Embu County]]''
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176118|Peter Njuguna Gitau]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176205|Peter Ochieng Odoyo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176221|Peter Oloo-Aringo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:Peter Oloo-Aringo 1986.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7183298|Philip Leakey]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7225856|Pollyins Ochieng Anyango]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7288734|Ramadhan Seif Kajembe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7293983|Raphael Lentimalo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7327862|Richard Momoima Onyonka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7346378|Robert Kiptoo Kipkorir]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7348145|Robert Onsare Monda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7353047|Robinson Njeru Githae]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Robinson Njeru Githae.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7405193|Sally Kosgei]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7409808|Sammy Mwaita]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7411903|Samuel Kambi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7425832|Sasura Hussein Tarry]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7514201|Silas Muriuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7519199|Simon Lesirma]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7555005|Soita Shitanda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7563913|Sospeter Ojaamong]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7599814|Stanley Munga Githunguri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7672799|Taaitta Toweett]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7791963|Thomas Ludindi Mwadeghu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7809140|Tiras Nyingi Ngahu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2012-09
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7926175|Victor Munyaka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7959445|Wafula Wabuge]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7972008|Washington Jakoyo Midiwo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8000077|Wilber Otichilo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Portrait Image of Dr. Wilber Khasilwa Ottichilo - 2nd and Current Governor of Vihiga County.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8001838|Wilfred Machage]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8001849|Wilfred Moriasi Ombui]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8013849|William Kabogo Gitau]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2010&lt;br/&gt;2002
| 2013&lt;br/&gt;2007
| [[Fáìlì:William Kabogo Gitau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8014046|William Kipkorir]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2025-02-15
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8016314|William Odongo Omamo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:W.omamo-potrait208-1187..jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8016331|William Ole Ntimama]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8023122|Wilson Litole]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8039607|Wycliffe Oparanya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Wycliffe Oparanya UNDP HQ 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8061937|Yusuf Chanzu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8063982|Zachary Onyonka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8065041|Zakayo Cheruiyot]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8068252|Zebedeo John Opore]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11249433|Gideon Moi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11854485|Bonaya Godana]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2006
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12053090|Najib Balala]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Najibu Balala - MP for Mvita.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15733971|Ali Rasso Dido]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15993157|Mutula Kilonzo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mutula Kilonzo UNDP 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16007821|Thomas Johnson Kuto Kalume]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:The Rt.Rev.Thomas Johnson Kalume.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16013714|James Nyamweya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16014097|Moses Kiprono arap Keino]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16150817|Martin Nyaga Wambora]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Martin Wambora.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16152027|Wakoli Bifwoli]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16187229|Justin Muturi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1999
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Justin Muturi (MUS1515) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16192784|Mutahi Kagwe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Mutahi Kagwe (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16194232|Humphrey Kimani Njuguna]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16194826|Irshadali Sumra]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16213140|Godhana Dhadho Gaddae]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16214164|Sabina Wanjiru Chege]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sabina Chege at John De'Mathew Memorial.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16226678|Benson Mbai Itwiku]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16499778|Joseph Lekuton]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730244|Amason Kingi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730543|Philip Kaloki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730551|Joseph Kamotho]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730588|Japhet Kareke Mbiuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730905|Joseph Nganga Kiuna]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16731419|Moses Lessonet]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732461|Julius Kibiwott Melly]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732730|Hussein Maalim Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733078|John Michael Njenga Mututho]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733083|Mwandawiro Mghanga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733644|Martin Otieno Ogindo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733692|Moses ole Sakuda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734594|Samuel Poghisio]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Samuel Losuron Poghisio.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16842239|Sonia Birdi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16843221|Nderitu Gachagua]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16864850|Abdul Rahim Dawood]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16866303|Kinoti Gatobu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16866321|Kembi Gitura]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16885582|Naomi Shaban]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16886147|Peris Tobiko]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17198176|Shukran Hussein Gure]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Shukrangure.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494480|Fred Odhiambo Ouda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494484|Benson Makali Mulu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494493|David Mwalika Mboni]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494506|Rachael Kaki Nyamai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2013&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2022-08&lt;br/&gt;2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494517|Jimmy Nuru Ondieki Angwenyi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494518|Shadrack John Mose]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494549|Yegon Brighton Leonard]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494557|Moses Kipkemboi Cheboi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494560|Tonui Joseph Kipkosgey]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494590|Marwa Kemero Maisori Kitayama]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494619|Mathias Nyamabe Robi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494623|Ferdinard Kevin Wanyonyi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494628|Abdi Mude Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494633|Mohamed Hire Garane]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494637|Amin Deddy Mohamed Ali]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494639|Sarah Paulata Korere]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2013&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2017-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494641|Patrick Kariuki Mariru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence Patrick Mariru.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494642|Marselino Malimo Arbelle]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494644|Sharif Athman Ali]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494646|Stanley Muiruri Muthama]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494658|Jonah Mburu Mwangi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494664|Mishi Juma Khamisi Mboko]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494669|Enoch Wamalwa Kibunguchy]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494675|Peter Mungai Mwathi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494679|Jeremiah Ekamais Lomorukai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494687|Ayub Savula Angatia]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494692|Titus Khamala Mukhwana]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494697|Michael Thoyah Kingi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494704|George Aladwa Omwera]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494709|Daniel Kitonga Maanzo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494713|Moses Malulu Injendi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494720|Aisha Jumwa Karisa Katana]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2013
| 2022-08&lt;br/&gt;2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494723|Omar Mohamed Maalim Hassan]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494725|Bashir Sheikh Abdullah]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494727|Adan Haji Ali]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494732|Adan Haji Yussuf]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494735|John Muchiri Nyaga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494738|Mary Wamaua Waithira Njoroge]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494744|David Kangogo Bowen]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494748|William Kipkemoi Kisang]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494753|Joshua Mbithi Mwalyo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494758|Geoffrey Makokha Odanga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494761|Anthony Tom Oluoch]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494763|Peter Kimari Kihara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494765|Rigathi Gachagua]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Rigathi Gachagua - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494768|Justus Murunga Makokha]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494770|Stephen Mutinda Mule]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494776|Patrick Makau King'ola]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494778|Charles Muriuki Njagagua]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494781|Geoffrey Kingagi Muturi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494784|Erastus Kivasu Nzioka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494789|Daniel Kamuren Tuitoek]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494792|Silas Kipkoech Tiren]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494794|Francis Kuria Kimani]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494799|Vincent Kipkurui Tuwei]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494803|Qalicha Gufu Wario]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494804|Fred Kapondi Chesebe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494809|James Onyango K'Oyoo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494813|Anthony Githiaka Kiai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494819|Johnson Manya Naicca]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494822|Abdullswamad Sheriff Nassir]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494824|Vincent Musyoka Musau]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494827|Andrew Mwadime]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494828|Josphat Kabinga Wachira]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494833|Gideon Mutemi Mulyungi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494839|Paul Musyimi Nzengu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494840|Charles Ngusya Nguna]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494842|Jayne Njeri Wanjiru Kihara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2003
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494847|Sakwa John Bunyasi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494850|Alfred Kiptoo Keter]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494853|Lemanken Aramat]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494858|Gabriel Koshal Tongoyo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494859|Emmanuel Wangwe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Wangwe Emmanuel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494862|Martin Peters Owino]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494863|George Macharia Kariuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494866|Charity Kathambi Chepkwony]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494868|Joash Nyamache Nyamoko]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494872|Joshua Aduma Owuor]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494876|Jared Odoyo Okelo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494882|Richard Nyagaka Tongi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2013-12-30
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494886|Ezekiel Machogu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494889|Tom Mboya Odege]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494899|Martin Deric Ngunjiri Wambugu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494909|James Gichuki Mugambi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494929|William Kamoti Mwamkale]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494932|Lilian Achieng Gogo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494933|Paul Otiende Amollo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494946|Kipruto Moi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494955|Paul Odalo Mak' Ojuando Abuor]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494960|Tom Joseph Francis Kajwang']]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494963|Simon Nganga Kingara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494968|Eric Muchangi Njiru]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494971|Caleb Amisi Luyai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494981|Lentoi Joni L Jackson Lekumontare]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494993|Alois Musa Lentoimaga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494999|Justus Gesito Mugali M'mbaya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495001|Peter Lochakapong]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495024|John Waluke Koyi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495034|Dominic Kipkoech Koskei]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495046|Kathuri Murungi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495055|Silvanus Osoro Onyiego]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495070|Caleb Kipkemei Kositany]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495077|Millie Grace Akoth Odhiambo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2013-08&lt;br/&gt;2007&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2022-08&lt;br/&gt;2017-08&lt;br/&gt;2013
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Millie Odhiambo in National Assembly.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495079|Samuel Kinuthia Gachobe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495084|Junet Sheikh Nuh]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495101|Peter Francis Masara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495114|Ahmed Bashane Gaal]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495116|Edward Oku Kaunya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495117|Geoffrey Omuse]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495122|James Gichuhi Mwangi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495127|George Gitonga Murugara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495130|Patrick Kimani Wainaina Jungle]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495132|William Kamket Kassait]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495134|Josphat Gichunge Mwirabua Kabeabea]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495137|John Kanyuithia Mutunga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495143|Janet Jepkemboi Sitienei]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495147|John Lodepe Nakara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495152|Lokiru Ali Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495156|Christopher Doye Nakuleu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495159|Ekomwa Lomenen James]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495163|Daniel Epuyo Nanok]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495165|Christopher Odhiambo Karani]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495169|James Opiyo Wandayi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495175|Mark Ogolla Nyamita]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495177|Ernest Ogesi Kivai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495180|Jones Mwagogo Mlolwa]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495181|Rashid Kassim Amin]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495185|Ahmed Abdisalan Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495187|Mohamud Sheikh Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495188|Ahmed Kolosh Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2019
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495190|Daniel Wanyama Sitati]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495194|Vincent Kemosi Mogaka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495195|Danson Mwashako Mwakuwona]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47514875|Paul Githiomi Mwangi]]''
| 
| 
| 1995
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47516274|Rose Ogendo Nyamunga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47516278|Mary Yiane Seneta]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48472383|Ukur Yatani Kanacho]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2006
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Ukur Yatani.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48773183|Marere wa Mwachai]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51029838|Edith Vethi Nyenze]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08&lt;br/&gt;2018
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56072166|Fatuma Gedi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60048335|Francis Kagwima]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Francis Kagwima.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60332243|Florence Mwikali Mutua]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60332262|Asha Hussein Mohamed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60332280|Japhet Miriti Kareke Mbiuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65850416|Matthew Adams Karauri]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85837193|Benard Otieno Okoth]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86424308|Joseph Manje]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon Manje.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88808420|Ochilo Ayacko]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Ochilo Ayacko potrait for governor.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95692691|Francis Polisi Loile Lotodo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2001
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95697298|James Murgor]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96362528|Alfred Kiprato Kerich]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98118573|Dennitah Ghati]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q101071329|Benjamin Langat]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Benjamin Langat.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103732378|Elijah K. Sumbeiywo]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105642336|Wanjiku Muhia]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon.wanjiku muhia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106356656|Reggie Alexander]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1963
| 1967
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107222476|Rachel Shebesh]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107407467|Shaaban Ali Issack]]''
| 
| 
| 1994
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109070160|Wilson Sossion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109570540|Mohammad Ali Mohamed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111177826|John Ndirangu Kariuki]]''
| 
| 
| 2013-03-10
| 2017-07-16
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179918|David Ochieng Ouma]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179984|Halima Yussuf Mucheke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179987|Jennifer Shamalla]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179989|Maina Kamanda]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179990|Nasri Sahal Ibrahim]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179991|Jacquiline Adhiambo Oduol]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179993|Sammy Kipkorir Seroney]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180002|Charles Kamuren]]''
| 
| 
| 2018-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180007|David Ole Sankok]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180017|Gideon Keter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Image 2020-07-01 at 6.38.37 PM.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180034|Godfrey Osotsi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188192|Zipporah Jesang Kurgat Kering]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188206|Abass Sheikh Mohamed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188207|Abdi Noor Mohammed Ali]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188208|Abdikadir Omar Aden]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188209|Abdikadir Ore Ahmed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188210|Abdulaziz Ali Farah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188211|Abdullahi Jaldesa Banticha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188212|Adan Mohamed Nooru]]''
| 
| 
| 1998
| 1002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188213|Alice Nyanchoka Chae]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188214|Alice Wambui Ng'ang'a]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188215|Amina Abdalla]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188216|Andrew Toboso Anyanga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188217|Annah Nyokabi Gathecha]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188218|Anthony Mutahi Kimaru]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188219|Arthur Papa Odera]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188220|Augostinho Neto Oyugi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188221|Benard Kipkirui Bett]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188222|Benjamin Andola Andayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188224|Benson Mutura Kangara]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188225|Bernard Munywoki Kitungi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188226|Bishop Robert Mutemi Mutua]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188227|Bonface Okhiya Otsiula]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188228|Cecilia Chelangat Ngetich]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188229|Charles Mongare Geni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188230|Daniel Kazungu Muzee]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188231|David Karithi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188232|David Wafula Wekesa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188233|Dennis Kariuki Waweru]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190742|Kirugi Laiboni M’Mukindia]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190747|Jackson Itirithia Kalweo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190748|Raphael Muriungi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190751|Benjamim R. Ndubai]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2000
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190762|Stephen Mukangu]]''
| 
| 
| 2000
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190764|Bernard Njoka Mutani]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190765|Eustace Mbuba M. Nthiga]]''
| 
| 
| 2000
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190766|Petkay Shen M’Nkiria]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190768|Guracha Boru Galgallo]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2006
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190769|Malla Wario Galgallo]]''
| 
| 
| 2006
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190771|Murango Cicilio Mwenda]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191126|George Odeny Ngure]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191145|Stephen Nyamoibi Manoti]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191151|Zephaniah M. Nyang’wara]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191154|Enoch Nyakieya Magara]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2001
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191157|Shem O. Ochuodho]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191160|Philip Okoth Okundi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191206|Hezron Manduku]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191212|Winston Ochoro Ayoki]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191218|Job Omino]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2003
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191222|Kennedy Odhiambo Nyagudi]]''
| 
| 
| 2003
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191231|Shadrack R. M. Manga]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191272|George Owino Achola]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191274|Charles Oyugi Owino]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191276|Tom Onyango]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191280|Tobias Orao Ochola Ogur]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191286|Herman O. Omamba]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191304|Samson Mwancha Nyangau Okioma]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191305|Joseph Kiangoi Ombasa]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191306|Godfrey Okeri Masanya]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191308|Henry Onyancha Obwocha]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191313|Paul Orwa Otita]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191314|Eric Opon Nyamunga]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191320|William Otula]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191322|Peter Owidi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191330|Samuel Arthur Weya]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191331|Joe Donde]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191336|Stephen Oluoch Ondiek]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191339|Felix Useru Kanyauchi]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191342|Zaddock Madiri Syongoh]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191354|Mohamed Mukhtar Shidiye]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191356|Abdillahi Sheikh Dahir]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191360|Elias Barre Shill]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191362|Mohamed Dahir Werah]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191363|Ahmed Mohamed Khalif]]''
| 
| 
| 1992&lt;br/&gt;2002
| 1997&lt;br/&gt;2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191372|Abdillahi Ibrahim Ali]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2008
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191375|Mohammed Gabow]]''
| 
| 
| 2008
| 2013
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191384|Mohamed Abdi Mohamud]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191391|Adan Kerrow Billow]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191402|Seyid Mohamed Amin]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191414|Joseph Dalldosso Lotodo]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191418|Andrew C. Kiptoon]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191421|William Kiplumbei Boit]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191426|Anthony Kipkosge Kimeto]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191435|John Kipsang arap Koech]]''
| 
| 
| 2002&lt;br/&gt;1992
| 2007&lt;br/&gt;1997
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191445|Nicholas Kiptoo Korir Salat]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191453|Kipkorir Marisin Sang]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191465|Raphael K. A. Kitur]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191499|Geoffrey Mepukori Parpai]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2003
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191505|David Lenante Sankori]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191520|Kipng’eno arap Ngeny]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191524|Noah Nondin Too]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191526|Charles D. K. arap Kirui]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191540|William Cheruiyot Morogo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191542|Joseph Kipkapto Korir]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191547|F. Chege Mbitiru]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191549|John Kiptoo Marirmoi]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191554|David Kiprono Sudi]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191558|James Cheruiyot arap Koske]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191568|Dixon Kihika Kimani]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191569|Macharia Mukiri]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191571|Paul Samuel Kihara]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2003
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191577|Eric Toroitich Morogo]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191579|Alicen Chelaite]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191580|Joseph Mukera Kuria]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191584|Simeon Kiptum Choge]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191585|Jimmy Choge]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191586|Joseph T. A. Leting]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191587|Stephen Kipkiyeny Tarus]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191590|John Kipkorir Sambu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191595|Stephen Kanyinke Ntutu]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191597|Sammy Prisa Leshore]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191601|Peter Steve Lengees]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191638|Davies Wafula Nakitare]]''
| 
| 
| 2003
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191644|Francis Ewoton Achuka]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191647|Francis Tarar Lagat]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191648|Joseph Lagat Kipchumba]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191657|Jesse Kibet Maizs]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191658|David Kiptanui Koros]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191660|Christopher M. Lomada]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113506072|Irene Mrembo Njoki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114347943|Feisal Bader]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2021-04
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115049438|Antony Njororge Wainaina]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-09-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115053859|Mary Maingi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115127697|Amina Laura Mnyazi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115135963|Joseph Kipkoros Makilap]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08-09
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Joseph Makilap.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115624315|Bidu Tubi Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115690883|Stephen Mogaka]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-09-08
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Stephen Mogaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115925753|Suzanne Ndunge Kiamba]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116175478|Phylis Jepkemoi Bartoo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188234|Diriye Abdullahi Mohamed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188235|Dorcas Luvalitsa Kedogo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188236|Chris Munga Nyamaratandi Bichage]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188237|Hellen Sambili]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188238|Reginalda Nakhumicha Wanyonyi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188239|Simon Ogari]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188240|Susan Mbinya Musyoka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188241|Edwin Kipruto Barchilei]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188242|Ejidius Njogu Barua]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188243|Elias Bare Shill]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188244|Elijah Mosomi Moindi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188245|Elisha Kipkorir Busienei]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188246|John Kiragu Chege]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188247|Stephen Muriuki Ngare]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188248|Eric Arap Keter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188249|Esther Nyambura Gathogo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188250|Eusilah Jepkosgei Ngeny]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188251|Florence Kajuju]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188252|Francis Kigo Njenga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188253|Francis Mwangangi Kilonzo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188254|Francis Waweru Nderitu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188255|G.J. Munuve Mati]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188256|George Mike Wanjohi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188257|George Oner Ogalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188258|George Washinton Mallan Omondi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188259|Gideon Maitha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188260|Halima Ware Duri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188261|Harrison Garama Kombe]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188262|Hassan Abdi Dukicha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188263|Hassan Aden Osman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188264|Hassan Mohamed Mwanyoha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188265|Hellen Chelangat Chepkwony]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188266|Hezron Awiti Bollo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188267|Willy Mtengo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188268|Ibrahim Abdi Saney]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188269|Ibrahim Ahmed Abass]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188270|Ibrahim Ahmed Sane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188271|Jackson Kipkorir Rop]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188272|Jacob Waweru Macharia]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188273|James Kimaru Bett]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188274|James Ndungu Gethenji]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188275|Jane Agnes Wanjira Machira]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188276|Jared Odhiambo Opiyo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188277|Joash Odhiambo Olum]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188278|Joe Musyimi Mutambu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188279|Joel Onyancha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188280|John Bomet Serut]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188281|John Karanja Kihagi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188282|John Muriithi Waiganjo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188283|John Njoroge Chege]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188284|John Ogutu Omondi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188285|John Owuor Onyango Kobado]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188287|Jonathan Lelelit Lati]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188288|Joseph M'eruaki M'uthari]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188289|Joseph Mburu Kahangara]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188290|Joseph Ngugi Nyumu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188291|Joseph Obiero Ndiege]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188292|Joseph Samal Lomwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188293|Joyce Wanjalah Lay]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188294|Julius Ndegwa Kariuki]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188295|Justice Kipsang Kemei]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188296|Ken Obura Mirenga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188297|Lawrence Mpuru Aburi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188298|Leonard Kipkosgei Sang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188299|Lisamula Silverse Anami]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188300|Mahbub Fathia]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188301|Manson Nyamweya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188302|Marcus Mutua Muluvi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188303|Mary Emaase Otuch]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188304|Mary Njoki G Mbugua]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188305|Mary Sally Keraa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188307|Mathew Lekidime Lempurkel]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188308|Maweu Kyengo Katatha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188309|Michael Aringo Onyura]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188310|Michael Manthi Kisoi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188311|Mohamed Abdi Haji Mohamed]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188312|Mohamed Adan Huka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188313|Mohamed Muktar Shidiye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188315|Mwinga Gunga Chea]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188316|Nasra Ibrahim Ibren]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188317|Nicholas Ngikor Nixon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188318|Patrick Keturet Ole Ntutu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188319|Patrick Wangamati]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188320|Paul Kipchirchir Bii]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188321|Peter Kamande Mwangi]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188322|Peter Safari Shehe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188323|Peter Weru Kinyua]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188324|Philip Lotiolo Ruto Rotino]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188325|Priscilla Nyokabi Kanyua]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Priscillah Nyokabi light.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188326|Protus Ewesit Akujah]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188327|Rachel Ameso Amolo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188328|Raphael Milikau Otaalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188329|Rashid Juma Bedzimba]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188330|Regina Nthambi Muia]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188331|Regina Nyeris Changorok]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188332|Roba Duba Bonaya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188333|Rose Nyamunga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188334|Rose Rwamba Mitaru]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188335|Salim Idd Mustafa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188336|Sammy Cheruiyot Koech]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188337|Samuel Gonzi Rai]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188338|Samuel Kamunye Gichigi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188339|Samuel Kiprono Chepkonga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188340|Samuel Mathenge Ndiritu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188342|Shadrack Roger Mwita Manga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188343|Shakila Abdalla]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188344|Silvance Osele Onyango]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188345|Stephen Kengere Manoti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188346|Stephen Kinyanjui Mburu Kk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188347|Stephen Kirwa Bitok]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188348|Stephen Wachira Karani]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188349|Steven Kariuki]]''
| 
| 
| 2013-10-17
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188350|Suleiman Murunga Kasuti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188351|Susan Kipketer Chebet]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188352|Timothy Moseti Bosire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188353|Tirus Nyingi Ngahu]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188354|Tiyah Galgalo Ali]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188355|Winnie Karimi Njuguna]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188356|Zainab Kalekye Chidzuga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188703|Muriuki Karue]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189201|Adolf Muchiri]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189204|William Omondi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189739|David Njuguna Kiburi Mwaura]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189740|Francis Bayah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189741|Walter Enock Nyambati Osebe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190235|Paul Mugeke]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190240|Reuben Ndolo]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190306|Mwangi K.Waithaka]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190328|Thirikwa Kamau]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190337|Geoffrey Gachara Muchiri]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190367|Eliud Matu Wamae]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190376|David Muhika Mutahi]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190382|Wanyiri Kihoro]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190383|Peter Gichohi Mureithi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190387|Paul Gikonyo Muya]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190389|John Matere Keriri]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190391|Alfred Mwangi Nderitu]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190393|Joshua Ngugi Toro]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190398|Onesmus Kihara Mwangi]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190415|Ignatius Ngenye Kariuki]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190417|F. Njakwe Maina]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190422|David Wakairu Murathe]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190423|Moses Mwihia]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190425|Stephen Rugendo Ndicho]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190428|Njehu Gatabaki]]''
| 
| 
| 1994
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190431|John Njuguna Wanjiku]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2021
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190437|George Nyanja]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190438|Simon Kanyingi Kuria]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190441|Philip Gitonga]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190442|James Viscount Kimathi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190450|Jembe Mwakalu]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190451|Joe Matano Khamisi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190455|Noah Katana Ngala]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190457|Joseph Kahindi Kingi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190458|Morris Mwachondo Dzoro]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190459|Simeon M. Mkalla]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190464|Suleiman Mwarunga Kamolleh]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190467|Abdalla Jumaa Ngozi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190468|Mohamed Salim Hashim]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190475|David Noti Kombe]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190478|Abubakar Mohamed Badawy]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190481|Lucas B. Mweni Maitha]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190490|Emmanuel Karisa Maitha]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2005
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190491|Ananiah Mwasambu Mwaboza]]''
| 
| 
| 2005
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190494|Rashid Suleiman Shakombo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190513|Suleiman Masoud]]''
| 
| 
| 2013
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190515|Shariff Nassir]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190525|Basil Criticos]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2001
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190527|Jackson Mwalulu]]''
| 
| 
| 2001
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190538|Basil Nguku Mwakiringo]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190540|Boniface Mganga]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190556|J. D. Mghanga Mwandawiro]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190564|Mohamed Abdi Galgallo]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190643|Tola Mugava Kofa]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190655|Molu Galgalo Shambaro]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190658|Augustine Njeru Kathangu]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190659|Charfano Guyo Mokku]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190665|Abdillahi Haji Wako]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190668|Samuel Kalii Kiminza]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190669|Patrice Mwangu Ivuti]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190674|Jimmy Muthusi Kitonga]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190676|Joseph Kimeu Ngutu]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190677|Moffat Muia Maitha]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190678|Peter Kyalo Kaindi]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190681|Jonesmus Mwanza Kikuyu]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190682|Fredrick Mwanzia Daudi]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190683|Ronald John Kiluta]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190687|John Mutua Katuku]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190689|Francis P. Wambua]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190690|James Philip Mutiso]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2003
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190699|Onesmus Mutinda Mboko]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190700|Richard Kalembe Ndile]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190703|Anthony Wambua Ndilinge]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2001
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190705|John Mutinda Mutiso]]''
| 
| 
| 2001
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190712|Peter E. N. Maundu]]''
| 
| 
| 1998
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190720|Fredrick Mulinge Kalulu]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190722|Joseph Konzollo Munyao]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190724|Robert Iltaramatwa Kochalle]]''
| 
| 
| 1992
| 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190725|Titus Ngoyoni]]''
| 
| 
| 2002
| 2006
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190730|Abdi Tari Sasura]]''
| 
| 
| 1997
| 2006
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117031877|Ruweida Obo]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117184165|Mishi Juma]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013&lt;br/&gt;2017-08-31&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 2017-08&lt;br/&gt;2022-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123505014|Ruth Odinga]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135527680|Dorice Donya Aburi]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Dorice Donya Aburi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137858963|Leo wa Muthende]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139801656|Joyce Kamene]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140924219|Mumina Gollo Bonaya]]''
| 
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2022-08
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mumina Bonaya.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>sc1fgemqk9f5818skx7wmc1t9js11ts</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Malawi</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66724</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636858</id>
      <parentid>636047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T06:44:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636858</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28814" sha1="1qjo5dp4bvypyapglxhawoaregr7x6m" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a member of the National Assembly of Malawi who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295990 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295990/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295990/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295990/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Joyce Banda]]
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009&lt;br/&gt;2004
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4477067|Khumbo Kachali]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Khumbo-kachali1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4662402|Aaron Sangala]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4693103|Agnes Penemulungu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4714730|Aleke Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Aleke Banda (crop1).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4762593|Angela Zachepa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4765557|Anita Kalinde]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4767130|Anna Kachikho]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2009&lt;br/&gt;2004
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mrs. Anna Kachikho (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4823200|Austin Muluzi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Atupele Muluzi 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4875246|Bazuka Mhango]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4912820|Billy Kaunda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5022768|Callista Chimombo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Callista Chimombo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5052586|Catherine Chipembere]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Catherine (Ajizinga) Chipembere 1950s (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5052701|Catherine Gotani Hara]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009&lt;br/&gt;2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Catherine Gotani Hara at the U.S. Embassy (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5099300|Chimango Mughogho]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5099455|Chimunthu Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:H.F. Chimunthu Banda (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5232353|David Chiwanga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5241922|Davis Katsonga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Davis Katsonga 2006 (profile).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5277990|Dindi Gowa Nyasulu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5296903|Donton Samuel Mkandawire]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5379277|Enoch Chihana]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5382250|Ephraim Chiume]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ephraim Mganda Chiume - 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5409759|Eunice Kazembe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Eunice Kazembe in New Delhi on March 15, 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5534573|Geoffrey Du Mhango]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5537823|George Chaponda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:George Chaponda 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5672821|Harry Thomson]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 2019-06-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5720163|Henry Dama Phoya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5984656|Ibrahim Matola]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170933|Jean Kalilani]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2009
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Jean Kalilani 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6187716|Jessie Kabwila-Kapasula]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Jessie Kabwila in 2017 (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6211102|Joe Manduwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6390741|Kenneth Thindwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6429058|Kondwani Nakhumwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6547705|Lilian Patel]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;1994&lt;br/&gt;2004&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Foreign Minister Lilian Estella Patel (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6692314|Loveness Gondwe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6697476|Lucius Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6754140|Mapopa Chipeta]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994
| 1999
| [[Fáìlì:Mapopa O.J. Chipeta (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6759847|Margaret Roka Mauwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6963035|Nancy Tembo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019&lt;br/&gt;2004
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Nancy Tembo UNFCCC Glasgow Climate Dialogues.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6967325|Nasrin Pillane]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6967631|Nasser Kara]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7109043|Otria Moyo Jere]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7145664|Patricia Kaliati]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2009&lt;br/&gt;2004&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Patricia Kaliati (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7145836|Patricia Shanil Muluzi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 2024-06-10
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7287727|Ralph Jooma]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7306925|Reen Kachere]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Reen Kachere (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412241|Samuel Mpasu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16116111|Theresa Gloria Mwale]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Theresa Mwale 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16216577|Sosten Gwengwe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2017-10-17
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sosten Gwengwe 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16731106|Moses Kunkuyu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Moses Kunkuyu 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733055|Henry Mussa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Henry Mussa (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17037425|Friday Jumbe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon- Friday Anderson Jumbe 2014-06-21 14-39.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17285561|Gertrude Maseko]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Gertrude Maseko.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18390332|Richard Msowoya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20731772|Colin Cameron]]''
| 
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Colin Cameron lawyer and Malawian minister.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29982289|Grace Chiumia]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40039690|Francis Kasaila]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Francis Kasaila 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779063|Aboo Naliwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779418|Abubakar M'baya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779442|Adbul Gaffar]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779467|Aggrey Masi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779486|Agness Nyalonje]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon Agnes Nyalonje Minister for Education via Zoom (sq cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779512|Aisha Adams]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Aisha Mambo-Adams (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779534|Akajuwe Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779554|Alekeni Menyani]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779582|Alex Chitete]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779603|Alex Major]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779624|Alexander Dzonzi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779646|Alice Ngoma]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779667|Allan Ngumuya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779688|Amon Nkhata]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779701|Amos Mailosi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779717|Angie Kaliati]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779733|Assan Lipande]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779759|Baudeni Mtonga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779780|Beatrice Mwale]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Honourable Beatrice Roseby Mwale MP in Malawi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779804|Benedicto Chambo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779828|Bon Kalindo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779853|Bonex Malunga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779875|Boniface Kadzamira]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779894|Canaan Kaphamtengo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779916|Cecilia Chazama]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779939|Charles Tikhiwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779958|Charles Mchacha]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45779982|Chizamsoka Mulwafu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780004|Chrissy Tembo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780029|Christopher Mnyenyembe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780053|Clarke Lowe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780072|Clement Mukumbwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780095|Clement Mlombwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780116|Collings Kajawa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780134|Commodius Nyirenda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780157|Damson Chimalira]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780179|Daniel Chiwere]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780202|Daudi Chida]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780220|David Bisnowaty]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780239|David Lally]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780254|Davies Kadzinja]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780268|Dennis Namachekecha]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780291|Deus Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780313|Divelias Zaipa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780336|Allan Chiyembekeza]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780352|Clement Chiwaya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780367|Elias Chakwera]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780387|Emmanuel Fabiano]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ministerial Roundtable LDCs and Business Executive (30597140897).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780403|Francis Mkungula]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780444|Joseph Malunga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780487|Patrick Makina]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780507|Peter Kumpalume]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780531|Uladi Mussa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780554|Edmans Kaduya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780575|Elias Kamanga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780599|Emily Phiri]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Honourable Emily Phiri MP (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780622|Emmanuel Lozo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780638|Enock Luka]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780661|Enoss Chitatanga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780678|Ernest Yahaya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780692|Esther Jolobala]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780707|Esther Mcheka-Chilenje]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780722|Everson Makowa-Mwale]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780744|Everton Chimulirenji]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Everton Chimulirenji.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780763|Ezekiel Ching'oma]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780788|Felix Jumbe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780812|Felton Mulli]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780836|Filipo Chinkhondo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780880|Francis Phiri]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780901|Francis Billiati]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780924|Frank Mapondo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780944|Frank Mphande]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780971|Frank Mwenifumbo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45780997|Gabu Khamisa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781016|Geoffrey Chiwondo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781040|George Kamwanja]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781060|Godfrey Mnkhondya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781080|Godwin Kanjere]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781099|Grant Ndecha]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781124|Grezelder Jeffrey]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781150|Harry Mkandawire]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781169|Harry Chipeni]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781189|Henry Shaba]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781210|Horace Chipuwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781228|Idi Kalosi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781249|Ilyas Karim]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781265|Jacob Hara]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781283|Jacqueline Kouwenhoven]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781300|James Kamwambi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781321|James Munthali]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781339|Jappie Mhango]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781358|Jephter Mwale]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781379|John Chikalimba]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781398|Joseph Mwanamvekha]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781413|Joseph Njobvuyalema]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781438|Juliana Lunguzi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781461|Justin Majawa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781481|Kamlepo Kalua]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781496|Kassim Liguluwe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781515|Kayo Zimchetera]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781532|Kennedy Maluwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781556|Kennedy Kachingwe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781572|Khumbize Chiponda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024 at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781588|Langton Kamwendo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781611|Leonard Njikho]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781626|Lingson Belekanyama]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 2021-01-12
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781650|Lloyd Malola]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781675|Lyana Tambala]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781700|Mac Salijeni]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781716|Madalitso Kazombo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Madalitso Kazombo at the SMP 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781733|Mahomed Osman]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781753|Malani Mtonga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781774|Maquenda Chunga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781791|Mark Botomani]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781810|Marko Ching'onga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781830|Martha Lunji]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781850|Mary Mpanga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781872|Mary Maulidi Khembo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Honourable Mary Maulidi Khembo MP in Malawi 45.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Màríà Navicha]]
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mary Navicha visiting Edinburgh City Chambers hosted by Scotland Malawi Partnership 2 March 2026.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781912|Maxwell Thyolera]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781929|Mussa Kapichira]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781951|Mwai Kamuyambeni]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781963|Naomi Kilekwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45781980|Noah Chimpeni]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782004|Noel Masangwi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782025|Olipa Chimangeni]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782054|Olipa Chiluba]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782075|Patricia Kainga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782101|Patricia Mkanda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782141|Patrick Themu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782154|Patrick Chilondola]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782169|Paul Chibingu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782180|Pemba Msusa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782198|Peter Chakhwantha]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782216|Peter Dimba]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782235|Peter Bvalani]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782245|Peter Mazizi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782265|Peter Chalera]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782278|Rabson Shaba]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782298|Rachael Zulu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20&lt;br/&gt;2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782317|Raphael Mhone]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782334|Christopher Ngwira]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782354|Malison Ndau]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782371|Wilson Ndomondo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782388|Rhino Chiphiko]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782405|Richard Chimwendo-Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Richard Chimwendo Banda (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782421|Rodger Sithole]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782440|Rodrick Khumbanyiwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782465|Sam Kawale]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782484|Shaibu Kaliati]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782504|Susan Ndalama]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782531|Themba Mkandawire]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782546|Thomson Kamangira]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782568|Timothy Solomoni]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782584|Trasizio Gowelo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782608|Vasco Chimbalu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782628|Victor Musowa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782649|Victor Mbewe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782674|Vincent Ghambi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782694|Vitus Mwale]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782719|Wallace Chawawa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782743|Watson Ngozo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782760|Werani Chilenga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782778|Willard Gwengwe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782793|Willet Karonga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782819|William Kalima]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782837|Yaumi Mpaweni]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45782850|Zaheer Issa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45787935|Sam S. Ganda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 2017-05-16
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45787953|Bentry Namasasu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 2017-03-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45787968|Highton L. Jiya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2014-05-20
| 2017-01-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45789819|Lawrence Sitolo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2017-10-17
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45789837|Ulemu Msungama]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2017-10-17
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60198059|Michael Hill Blackwood]]''
| 
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 1966
| 1973
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104794304|Edda Ella Chitalo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106423215|Jacquiline Chikuta]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019
| 2021-01-27
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109729497|Nancy Chaola Mdooko]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109729519|Jean Muonaowauza Sendeza]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009&lt;br/&gt;2004
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Jean Sendeza 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110732685|Monica Chang’anamuno]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123694802|Annie Lemani]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131561998|Roseby Gadama]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Roseby Gadama MP on Malawi Parliamentary Women’s Caucus (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131605225|Abigail Shariff]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131725522|Lonnie Phiri]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Lonnie Chijere Phiri Chairing the Parliamentary Women's Caucus (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131785023|Ireen Mambala]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132124939|Esther Kathumba]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133294441|Ebbie Mathanda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133521589|Wezzie Gondwe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2019
| 2021-09-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133972260|Janet Longwe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1968
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133972447|Kate Kainja]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994&lt;br/&gt;2004&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134004357|Christina Chiwoko]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134005678|M. M. Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134005722|Lillian Kapanda Phiri]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134005779|L. M. Changwamnjira]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134008495|Margaret Perpetual Maimba]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134008585|Alice Sumani]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134008607|Lizzie Lossa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1994
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134037250|Grenner Nkhata]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134038049|Mandebvu Agness Chatipwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ntchisi District Hospital hosts Agnes Mandebvu Chatipwa (2 3 cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134038686|Deriah Kankhwani]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134039924|Ellen Thokozani Solomon Chisale]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134040754|Maureen Katani Bondo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134041510|Hyacinta Palingana Chikaonda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134042481|Olivia Anita Thundu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134051543|Jenipher Deborah Chilunga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134052645|Grace Zinenani Maseko]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134052737|Joyce Azizi Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134052907|Philomena Mononga Kasambwe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053064|Juliana Nanyoni Mphande]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053113|Eunice Napolo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053130|Bernadetta Mlaka Maliro]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053140|Gladys Benson Tembo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053162|Vera Chilewani Faramenga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053214|Elizabeth Aipiran]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053228|Ettinor Pamela Koloviko]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053233|Angela Kachepa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053276|Bertha Masiku]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053295|Juliana Josephine Guga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053301|Trifonia Dafter]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053307|Inna Mezalumo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053319|Olive Masanza]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053398|Elvey Kalonga-Mtafu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004&lt;br/&gt;1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134053446|Gertrude Andilimbira Kamange Phiri]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134068546|Alice Ntodwa Mwale]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134069664|Marjorie Ngaunje]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134070095|Joyce Chiyendausiku Ng'oma]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134136431|Papano Patricia Mwafulirwa]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134136950|Gertrude Nya Mkandawire]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134297272|Honesta Msola]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134297371|Elizabeth Talumba Kumakanga Lamba]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134300865|Mary Kaphwereza Banda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134301185|Martha Nasho]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134301821|Anne Mary Fletcher]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1999
| 2004
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134301856|Gillian Loveness Mulombe]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134302067|Lizzy Alpha Mpinganjira]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136341089|Margaret Ali]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136432145|Florence Shapiro Khimbi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Honourable Florence Shapiro Khimbi MP in Malawi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136434490|Faless Debrah Moyo]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Honourable MP in Malawi Falesi Debrah Moyo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136434673|Catherine Mzumara]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Catherine Mzumara in the video 'African women transforming food systems'.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136438286|Madalitso Chidumu  Baloyi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Madalitso Baloyi in 2024 at Ndodani village (sq cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136439458|Mines Ng'oma]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136439603|Martha Munthali]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136446086|Dorothy Chikonje]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136483776|Tiaone Hendry]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025-09-16
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136513486|Mwalone Jangiya]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 2014
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136539393|Stella Warren]]''
| 
| 
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136661938|Annie Namani Chibwana]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136812809|Milliam Jekapu]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137261326|Khadija Chunga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Honourable Khadijah Leah Chunga MP in Malawi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137325478|Mutani Tambala]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137383306|Rhita Sanga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137829126|Aida Mchenga]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137829391|Phoebe Chikaonda]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Honourable MP Phoebe Chiku Chikaonda (2 3 cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139718480|Gloria Ireen Ntopi]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140775383|Marium Ajida]]''
| 
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2025
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Honourable Mariums Ajida MP in Malawi.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>1qjo5dp4bvypyapglxhawoaregr7x6m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Niger</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66743</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636816</id>
      <parentid>636011</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:47:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636816</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22891" sha1="5wr2caev8dn24v2bn93cq8kj7w06x81" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a member of the National Assembly of Niger who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295995 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295995/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295995/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295995/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Mahamadou Issoufou]]
| olóṣèlú, Nìjẹ̀r
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1993
| 2009
| [[Fáìlì:Mahamadou Issoufou-IMG 3645.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Brigi Rafini]]
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2004-12
| 2009-05
| [[Fáìlì:Brigi Rafini - June 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mamadou Tandja]]
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Tandja in Nigeria June 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mahamane Ousmane]]
| olóṣèlú, Nìjẹ̀r
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mahamane Ousmane.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q331201|Hamid Algabid]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q356237|Amadou Cheiffou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q420397|Akoli Daouel]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1970
| 1974
| [[Fáìlì:Ejh. Akoli Daouel, en 1983.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q452276|Amadou Gaoh]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q452297|Amadou Hassane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q544141|Hama Amadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hama Amadou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q703987|Seyni Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Seyni Oumarou (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q895031|Boukary Sabo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1959
| 1969
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1567506|Hadiza Moussa Gros]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1735274|Kassoum Mamane Moctar]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2755794|Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1993
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830749|Albadé Abouba]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2912103|Boubou Hama]]''
| Òǹkọ̀wé, òpìtàn, àti olóṣèlú ará orílẹ̀-èdè Niger (1906-1982)
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Instruments de musique traditionnelle au Musée BOUBOU HAMA de Niamey.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3318398|Mohamed Bazoum]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1993
| 2021
| [[Fáìlì:Mohamed Bazoum at the European Commission - P060245-844068 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665136|Abdou Daouda]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665143|Abdou Labo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665174|Abdoulaye Hamani Diori]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4739087|Amadou Ali Djibo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221545|Daouda Marthé]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5431991|Falké Bacharou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5474228|Foumakoye Gado]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Foumakoye Gado.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5612787|Grémah Boucar]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5636746|Habi Mahamadou Salissou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5680106|Hassoumi Massoudou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1999&lt;br/&gt;2021-03-05
| 2004
| [[Fáìlì:Hassoumi Massoudou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6087974|Issa Lamine]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6353461|Kalla Ankourao]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1993&lt;br/&gt;2004-12&lt;br/&gt;2021-03-05
| 1995&lt;br/&gt;2023
| [[Fáìlì:Kalla Ankourao 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6370490|Karidjo Mahamadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mahamadou Karidio 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6890945|Mohamed Abdoulahi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mohamed Abdoulahi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6919199|Aïssata Mounkaïla]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6926188|Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110324|Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Book of Condolence (52366561634) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110501|Oumarou Sidikou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7418898|Sanoussi Jackou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15431173|Dandi Abarchi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1993
| 1995
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15432114|Boubacar Cissé]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15437568|Moutari Moussa]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15819843|Ibrahim Yacouba]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ibrahim Yacouba 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16123823|Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19259177|Amadou Salifou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Amadou Salifou 2015-07-30.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19956213|Issaka Issoufou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Issaka Issoufou-IMG 4351.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20027758|Noma Kaka]]''
| 
| [[Fránsì]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23060908|Attaher Abdoulmoumine]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23062821|Mahamane Jean Padonou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23062948|Laouan Magagi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26715424|Habib Moctar]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26980205|Ali Sirfi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2000
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27825306|Ousseini Tinni]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Tinni Ousséini, President of the National Assembly of Niger, Niamey, 2016 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40704839|manirou housseini]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41074316|Habibou Allélé]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41748339|Yahaya Tounkara]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43380162|Hama Assah]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46996069|Jeannette Schmidt Degener]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57274601|Ibrahim Nomao]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57834669|Adamou Namata]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58806803|N’Gadé Nana Hadiza Noma Kaka]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81112514|Kalla Moutari]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Flintlock 2018 Opening Ceremony (27523512838).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89716691|Aïchatou Maïnassara]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2016
| 2020
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92159374|Mohamed Ben Omar]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99521146|Souna Hadizatou Diallo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1989
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99628785|Marie Lebihan]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1989
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99630863|Roukayatou Abdou Issaka]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1989
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99630890|Bibata Adamou Dakaou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1989
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99823830|Oumarou Alma]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 2025-03-07
| [[Fáìlì:Oumarou Alma 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106510370|Mounkaïla Issa]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106637549|Ibrahim Idi Ango Ousmane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110004769|Sani Maïgochi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sani Maïgochi 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110399010|Rabi Maitournam Moustapha]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110399463|Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110537732|Abdou Rabiou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110537922|Hadiza Douara Kafougou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117306297|Abaché Chaibou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1989-12
| 20th century
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117306374|Abdoulkarim Abani]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 1989-12
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679516|Ibrahima Souleymane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679520|Hadizatou Kafougou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679526|Amadou Djibo Ali]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679530|Mahamadou Karidio]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679537|Abdallah Mahamadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679538|Abdou Adamou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679539|Abdou Boubacar]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679540|Abdou Hamza]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679541|Abdou Mani]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679543|Adam Efangal]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679544|Ahmed Elhadji Gondji]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679545|Ahmet Hameda]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679547|Aichatou Abba]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679548|Aichatou Barko Amadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679550|Aissatou Abdoulaye Tondi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679551|Algabi Elhadji Atta]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679552|Alhader Samro]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679553|Alio Namata]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679554|Alkabouss Jalaoui]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679555|Amadou Dioffo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679556|Amadou Goulo Abdou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679557|Amadou Harouna]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679558|Amadou Idrissa]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679559|Amadou Mahaman Sani]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679677|Samuila Sanoussi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679679|Sani Sanoussi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679680|Sanoussi Moussa Maraini]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679682|Souley Dioffo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679683|Souley Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679684|Souleymane Arzika]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679685|Soumana Gaoh Yacoubou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679686|Soumana Hassane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679687|Soumana Sanda]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679688|Tanimoune Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679690|Tidère Ahamani]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679691|Yacine Ben Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679692|Zakari Garba]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679694|Zeinabou Maïga Adama]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133162145|Abdallah Mahamadou Aboussah]]''
| 
| 
| 2021-03
| 2023-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679560|Amadou Massalatchi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679561|Amadou Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679562|Amina Abdou Souna]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679563|Amina Elhadji Ousmane Barmo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679564|Amina Saminou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679565|Aminata Garanké]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679566|Aminatou Habibou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679567|Assane Dit Koubou Marou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679568|Assoumana Karoua]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679569|Assoumi Tahirou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679570|Bachir Sidi Abdoul Aziz]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679571|Badi Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679572|Baraka Mamane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679573|Barakatou Laouali]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679576|Bibata Seyni Djibo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679577|Boubacar Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679578|Boucary Sani]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679579|Dardaou Zanaidou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679580|Djibo Madougou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679582|Doulla Moussa Afmad]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679583|Elhadji Boulou Mamadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679585|Fatima Doubou Dogo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679586|Fatouma Abdoulaye Sambo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679587|Fatsima Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679588|Fougou Boukar]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679589|Hadidjiatou Haladou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679591|Hadizatou Gado]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679592|Hadizatou Yacouba Bozari]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679593|Halidou Hama]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679594|Hambali Ali]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679595|Hamissou Abdoua]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679597|Hamza Boka]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679598|Hamza Garba]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679599|Haoua Hassane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679600|Hapsatou Djibrilla]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679601|Hassana Boubacar]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679602|Hassane Ali Abdourahamane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679603|Hassane Saley]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679604|Hassia Hassan]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679606|Ibrahim Eka]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679607|Idi Ango Ousmane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679609|Illia Labo]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679610|Illiassou Hamadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679611|Ismaël Issoufou Salifou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679612|Issaka Assoumane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679613|Kadi Zakari]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679614|Khalid Hamadi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679615|Khalil Oumbarik]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679617|Laila Attoujani]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679618|Lantana Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679620|Laouali Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679621|Laouré Elhadji Sanoussi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679623|Maazou Hamidou Dadé]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679624|Magagi Issaka]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679625|Mahamadou Amadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679626|Mahaman Bachir Abdou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679627|Mahaman Issa Maifada]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679628|Mahaman Kabirou Ibrahim Maidaji]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679629|Mahaman Laoual Bako Galadima]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679630|Mahamane Sani Laouali]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679632|Mahmoud Sagdoun]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679633|Malam Moctar Garba]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679634|Maman Rabiou Maina]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679635|Mamane Bako]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679636|Mamane Harouna]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679637|Mamane Laouali Zabèye Moussa]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679638|Mamani Malan Goga]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679639|Maria Saidou Soulé]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679640|Mariama Adamou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679641|Mariama Elhadji Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679642|Mariama Iro]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679643|Mariama Mamadou Maïna]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679644|Massaoudou Galy]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679646|Moussa Ousmane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679647|Moussa Salé]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679648|Moustapha Assan]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679650|Moutari Ousmane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679652|Nana Aicha Laouali]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679653|Nana Djoubie Harouna]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679654|Nouhou Arba]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679655|Oumarou Dogari Moumouni]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679657|Oumarou Harouna]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679658|Oumarou Tanja Mamadou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679659|Oumarou Yahaya]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679660|Ousmane Mahamane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679661|Ousseyna Madougou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679662|Rabi Hassane]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679663|Rabi Kiassa]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679664|Rachida Mani Ali]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679665|Rakiatou Ali Beidi]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679666|Ramatou Hima]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679667|Ramnatou Issa Mayaki]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679669|Saadé Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679670|Sahadatou Saley]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679671|Saïda Mohamed Cheloutan]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679672|Saidou Ama]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679673|Salé Djibrillou]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679674|Salifou Moussa]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679675|Salissou Elh Alio]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679676|Samaila Maika]]''
| 
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>5wr2caev8dn24v2bn93cq8kj7w06x81</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Presidents of Rwanda</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66744</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636803</id>
      <parentid>627278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T17:08:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636803</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="512" sha1="3enrgg7iqujh58lhetsfhpv5kwjqy8n" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a President of Rwanda who was President twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q19057726 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q19057726/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q19057726/P580:Start date,P39/Q19057726/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image

|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>3enrgg7iqujh58lhetsfhpv5kwjqy8n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the Senate of Zimbabwe</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66796</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636855</id>
      <parentid>636040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T05:14:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16198" sha1="q9y7cdvv95vq0cco4220cv4c6m28v6g" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Senate of Zimbabwe who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295155 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295155/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295155/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295155/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q443215|Garfield Todd]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]&lt;br/&gt;[[New Zealand]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Garfield todd.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q514464|Simbarashe Mumbengegwi]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Simbarashe Mumbengegwi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1399766|Joseph Msika]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Joseph Msika.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2011278|Obert Mpofu]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3133488|Herbert Murerwa]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3274147|John Nkomo]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3369338|Patrick Chinamasa]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Patrick Chinamasa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5017585|Cain Mathema]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Minister Cain Mathema.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5091394|Chenhanho Chimutengwende]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5232494|David Coltart]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:David Coltart.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5238373|David Parirenyatwa]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:David Parirenyatwa (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5301822|Douglas Mombeshora]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5340066|Edna Madzongwe]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Edna Madzongwe at the 53rd Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference, in New Delhi on September 22, 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360562|Elias Mudzuri]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5427612|Faber Chidarikire]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5460278|Flora Buka]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559396|Gibson Sibanda]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5576402|Godfrey Chidyausiku]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5622273|Guy Georgias]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5725372|Henry Madzorera]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6217016|Johannes Tomana]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6775305|Martin Dinha]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6848219|Mike Nyambuya]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088073|Olivia Muchena]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Olivia muchena.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7146962|Patrick Kombayi]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7317489|Reuben Marumahoko]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412244|Samuel Mumbengegwi]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412644|Samuel Sipepa Nkomo]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7447116|Sekai Holland]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sekai Holland.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7550235|Sobusa Gula-Ndebele]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660136|Sydney Sekeramayi]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7936864|Vitalis Zvinavashe]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8003386|Willard Chiwewe]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q9358456|Thokozani Khuphe]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Thokozani Khuphe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16011177|Jeremiah Chirau]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q217169|Rhodesia]]''
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Internal Settlement.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16091552|Naison Ndlovu]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16136022|Morgan Femai]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Tracy Mutinhiri]]
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16866539|Simon Khaya-Moyo]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16886031|Lutho Tapela]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20872132|Prisca Mupfumira]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Prisca Mupfumira - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25697807|Kumbirai Kangai]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Independence Day Celebrations at the Ambassador's Residence, Harare, Zimbabwe. Guests at the function included Deputy Speaker of Parliament, Kumbirai Kangai.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85118775|Monica Mutsvangwa]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94704254|Jock Alves]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106269407|Ellen Gwaradzimba]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107491736|Peter Haritatos]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107534597|Bekithemba Mpofu]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281646|Getrude Chibagu]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281682|Lovemore Matuke]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281756|Tendayi Makunde]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282851|Annah Rungani]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282876|Lwazi Sibanda]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282883|Miriam Chikukwa]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282888|Sabina Thembani]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282889|Sibusisiwe Budha]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282890|Sikhanyisiwe Mpofu]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283546|Address Matiirira]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283547|Agnes Sibanda]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283548|Alice Chimbudzi]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283549|Alma Mkhwebu]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283551|Alphina Juba]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283552|Angelina Masuku]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283554|Charles Tawengwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283555|Damian D. E. Mumvuri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283556|Dorothy Tholakele Khumalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283557|Dzikamai Calisto Mavhaire]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283558|Farirai Ethel Mabhungu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283559|Grace Tsitsi Jadagu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283560|Herbert M. Sinampande]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283561|Jaison Max Korerai Machaya]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283562|James Makore]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283563|Jane Chifamba]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283564|Jenia Manyeruke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283565|Josiah D. Hungwe]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283566|Joyce Ndhlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283567|Judith Mawire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283568|Keresina Chabuka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283569|Lilian Timveos]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283571|Martha Muronzi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283572|Matson M. Hlalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283573|Medelina Bhebhe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283574|Michael Norman Carter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283575|Mike M. Byton]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283576|Misheck Marava]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283577|Mlotshwa Sithembile]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283578|Molly Mkandla]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283579|Monicah Mavhunga]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283580|Morgen Komichi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283581|Muhlava Otilia Maluleke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283582|Patrick Chitaka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283583|Rorana Muchihwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283584|Rosemary Goto]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283585|Rosemary Nyathi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283586|Ruth Mafoko Labode]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283587|Shuvai Ben Mahofa]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283588|Siphiwe Ncube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283590|Tapera Machingaifa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283592|Thokozile A. Mathuthu]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283594|Tsitsi Veronica Muzenda]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283595|Violet Moeketsi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283596|Virginia Muchenje]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283597|Watchy Sibanda]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283842|Annah Shiri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283843|Ashel Sithole]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283844|Clemence Nembire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283845|Cleveria Chizema]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283846|Daniel Gwenzi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283847|Daster Chisunga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283848|Enos Masakwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283849|Feleni Chauke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283850|Fortune Charumbira]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283851|Joseph Mudhe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283852|Mike Musaka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283853|Milton Ntabeni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283854|Mtshane Khumalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283855|Ndabazekhaya Matema]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283857|Nkathazo Siansole]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283858|Nyamayabo Mashavakure]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283859|Rivai Mbaimbai]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283860|Samson Katsande]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283861|Sindalizwe Dube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283863|Tambudzani Mohadi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283865|Try Manyepa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283866|Vuyani Ndiweni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283867|Wilson Nebiri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283868|Zama Mkhwananzi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291735|Alice Dube]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291737|Angeline Tongogara]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291738|Annias Mapungwana]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291739|Aplonia Munzverengwi]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291740|Bybit Tsomondo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291741|Christine Rambanepasi]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291742|Clara Shumba]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291744|Douglas Mwonzora]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Image of Douglas Mwonzora seated in Formal lounge.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291745|Esnath Rwambiwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291746|Gideon Shoko]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291747|Helen Zivira]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291750|Joseph Madziva]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291751|Joshua Teke Malinga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291753|Kerina Gweshe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291754|Langton Chikukwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291755|Larry Mavhima]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291756|Maybe Mbowa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291757|Meliwe Phuthi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291758|Mildred Reason Dube]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291759|Molly Ndlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291761|Morgan Komichi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291762|Oliver Chidawu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291764|Phyllis Ndlovu]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Yọ Timire]]
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2018-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291766|Shephered Chengeta Gundu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291767|Sikelela Gumpo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291768|Spinani Hungwe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291769|Tambudzani Moyo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291770|Tapfumanei Wunganayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291771|Themba Mathuthu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291772|Theresa Maonei Makone]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291774|Tichinani Mavetera]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291775|Voice Chinake]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291776|Watson Khupe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291777|Witness Bungu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295117|Shaddy Sai]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313041|Jefta Chindanya]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313199|Phone Madiro]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313735|Agnes Dete]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313737|Edmund Jacob]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313738|Enna Chitsa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313740|Gladys Dube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313741|Gladys Mabhiza]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313742|Josiah Rimbi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313743|Matson Mpofu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313745|Misheck Chando]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313746|Monica Mustvangwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313747|Obert Gutu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313748|Oriah Kabayanjiri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313749|Rutendo Chikukwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313750|Samuel Tsungirirai]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313751|Stanley Sakupwanya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313752|Sydney Sekeremayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313822|Ananias Nyathi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313824|Betty Chikava]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313825|Cephas Chikwanha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313827|Chiratidzo Gava]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313828|Clarissa Muchengeti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313829|Dalumuzi Khumalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313830|Diamond Mumvuri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313832|Edmond Jacob]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313833|Egneti Makono]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313834|Eunice Sandi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313835|Fanuel Bayayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313836|Forbes Magadu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313837|Grace Dube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313838|Greenfield Nyoni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313839|Henry Chikumbiro]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313840|Josephine Moyo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313841|Kantibhai Patel]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2005-04-12&lt;br/&gt;1985
| 2008-03-28&lt;br/&gt;1990
| [[Fáìlì:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu at the Samadhi of Kantibhai Govardhanbhai Patel who had migrated to Zimbabwe in 1961 and rose to become a senator and was elected as Member of Parliament, in Harare, Zimbabwe.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313842|Leonard Munotengwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313843|Livia Gumbura]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313844|Lot Mbambo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313845|Mandy Chimene]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313846|Oria Kabayanjiri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313847|Richard Hove]]''
| 
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313848|Rittah Ndlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313849|Sheila Mahere]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313850|Sibangilizwe Msipa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313851|Siriro Majuru]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313852|Stefano Mukusha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313853|Tazvitya Mapfumo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313854|Thabiso Ndlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313855|Tobias Matanga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313857|Virginia Muchengeti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313858|Vivian Muchicho]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>q9y7cdvv95vq0cco4220cv4c6m28v6g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/OkayAfrica 100 women - 2018</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>66929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636860</id>
      <parentid>635904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T07:46:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636860</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19604" sha1="tjvn22o8poaelw077e6pmk7gvnin900" xml:space="preserve">;N.B., There are sub-pages for each year as well as a main master list

=== Wikidata task list ===
{{Wikidata list|sparql=
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel {
  ?item p:P166 [ ps:P166 wd:Q54889438; pq:P585 ?date ] .
  FILTER( YEAR( ?date ) = 2018 ) .
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;yo&quot; } .
}

|columns=label:Article,P21:Gender,P106:Occupation,P19:Place of birth,P551:Residence,P18:Image
|sort=label
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! Gender
! Occupation
! Place of birth
! Residence
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54927244|Abrima Erwiah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| [[New York]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28859681|Adama Delphine Fawundu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1414443|onísé eré amóhùn máwòrán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33231|photographer]]''
| [[Brooklyn]]
| [[New York]]
| 
|-
| [[Ade Hassan]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|fashion designer]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41221013|Adelle Onyango]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[akọ̀ròyìn]]
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Adele Onyango on Hustle Yako.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Adesua Etomi]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Akọrin|olórin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3282637|olóòtú eré]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|entrepreneur]]''
| [[Owerri]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Adesua Etomi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ainehi Edoro]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| [[Àkúrẹ́]]
| 
| 
|-
| [[Akuoma Omeoga]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13383011|bobsledder]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1992875|Ramsey]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24049156|Alexis Okeowo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[akọ̀ròyìn]]
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Alexis Okeowo Resisting Extremism in Africa- Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Acts.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25199129|Alsarah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17484288|ethnomusicologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]''
| [[Khartoum]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Alsarah 06332.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954016|Amel Ben Abda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| [[Tunisia|Tùnísíà]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54931014|Amy Sall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Angelica Nwandu]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[akọ̀ròyìn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''
| [[Los Angeles]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Angelica Nwandu 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Angélique Kidjo]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|composer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q66314404|jazz singer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2490358|choreographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|recording artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Akọrin|olórin]]
| [[Ouidah]]
| [[New York]]
| [[Fáìlì:25o Premio da Musica Brasileira (14004847740).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54935401|Anyiko Owoko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108333755|music publicist]]''
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Anyiko Owoko in the video 'Fena Gitu - I'm A Square Peg In A Round Hole'.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Asisat Oshoala]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q937857|association football player]]''
| [[Ìkòròdú]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Asisat Oshoala 2019 Champions League.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28039875|Babes Wodumo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6482240|Lamontville]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954455|Baratang Miya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5482740|programmer]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851630|Bozoma Saint John]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1072339|chief marketing officer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49192|Middletown]]''
| [[Los Angeles]]
| [[Fáìlì:Bozoma Saint John at Essence Festival of Culture July 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Chika Oduah]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[akọ̀ròyìn]]
| [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Ogbaru]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Chika Oduah El Mundo Spain Madrid.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Cynthia Erivo]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|òṣeré fíímù]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|stage actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q753110|songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olùkọ̀wé]]
| ''[[:d:Q146891|Stockwell]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Cynthia Erivo - Wicked-FYC-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30228170|Delphine Diallo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33231|photographer]]''
| [[Parisi]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928547|Diana Opoti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907935|Ebele Okobi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|business executive]]''
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ebele Okobi at International Journalism Festival 2024 in Perugia 4.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16208867|Efya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q753110|songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''
| [[Kumasi]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Efya at an event.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907588|Eniola Mafe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| [[Lọndọnu]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Eniola Mafe in Geneva.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27450115|Funke Opeke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [[Ìbàdàn]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Funke Opeke - ITU Telecom World 2016 - Industry Leaders Roundtable.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q230113|Gabourey Sidibe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|voice actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|òṣeré fíímù]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|òṣeré amóhùn máwòrán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1156982|Bedford–Stuyvesant]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Gabourey Sidibe at PaleyFest 2014 - 13491368805.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530444|Gelila Bekele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|àwòṣe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''
| [[Addis Ababa]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921386|Ghada Wali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q627325|graphic designer]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974949|Glory Okon Edim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914118|Graça Maria Sanches]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q37226|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22097343|Haben Girma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[amòfin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q380075|advocate]]''
| [[Oakland]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Haben girma.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28859847|Halima Aden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|àwòṣe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22336956|humanitarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3501317|fashion designer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1186085|Kakuma]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Halima Aden Paris Fashion Week Autumn Winter 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51289615|Hania Morsi Fadl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18245236|radiologist]]''
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hania Morsi Fadl (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928778|Hermon Berhane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|àwòṣe]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928698|Heroda Berhane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|àwòṣe]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16211105|Idil Ibrahim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''
| [[California]]
| [[New York]]
| [[Fáìlì:Idilibrahim1.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16728813|Ilwad Elman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|human rights defender]]''
| [[Mogadishu]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ilwadelman2 (cropped 2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907679|Isis Nyong’o Madison]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Jackie Aina]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|entrepreneur]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|YouTuber]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q935666|make-up artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|television producer]]''
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Jackie Aina 2021 (3x4 cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974228|Jane Mukami]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8563456|professional fitness coach]]''
| [[Nairobi]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54953801|Joy Chebet Bii]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974284|Joyline Cherotich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1475185|Kah Walla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|businessperson]]''
| [[Ìbàdàn]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Kwalla.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54892135|Kasiva Mutua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4351403|percussionist]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921856|Katlego Kai Kolanyane-Kesupile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1052281|trans woman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|performance artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Akọrin|olórin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1759246|theatrical producer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19890761|artivist]]''
| [[Francistown]]
| [[Gaborone]]
| [[Fáìlì:Performance artist Kat Kai Koi-Kes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54939026|Kay Oyegun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2059704|television director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3282637|olóòtú eré]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921442|Kelechi Okafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podcaster]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|dancer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q762121|personal trainer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olùkọ̀wé]]
| [[Èkó]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17306137|Kelela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36834|composer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q60723829|pop singer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q753110|songwriter]]''
| [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Kelela Piknik i Parken 2018 (205003).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974345|Keolebogile Mokolopo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16745368|Khanyi Dhlomo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1607826|editor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183292|Umlazi]]''
| [[Johannesburg]]
| [[Fáìlì:Khanyi Dhlomo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29413652|Khoudia Diop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|àwòṣe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975390|Koleka Putuma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7777541|theatre practitioner]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''
| [[Port Elizabeth]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Koleka Putuma, P1080548.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28911657|Lady Skollie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|painter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q290220|Leila Aboulela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''
| [[Káírò]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Leila Aboulela (2010).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Lisa Folawiyo]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|fashion designer]]''
| [[Èkó]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Lisa Folawiyo Designer.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975165|Malebo Sephodi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921998|Malin Fezehai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q237106|Marie NDiaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|children's writer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q217159|Pithiviers]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Marie Ndiaye 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54956679|Mennat El Ghalid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''
| [[Káírò]]
| [[Parisi]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907772|Michelle Ntalami]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914125|Moiyattu Banya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19513511|Monica Geingos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43845|businessperson]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]
| ''[[:d:Q953068|South-West Africa]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:MonicaGeingos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26263150|Naomi Ruele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10843402|swimmer]]''
| [[Gaborone]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954376|Natsai Audrey Chieza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|designer]]''
| [[Harare]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20975327|Ngozi Onwumere]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13383011|bobsledder]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51696|Mesquite]]''
| 
| 
|-
| [[Nicole Amarteifio]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47541952|producer]]''
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3877423|Nnedi Okorafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|science fiction writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|children's writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|comics writer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43196|Cincinnati]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Nnedi Okorafor at National Book Festival 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Nomzamo Mbatha]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|òṣeré fíímù]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3347043|KwaMashu]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q467094|Oumou Sangaré]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q753110|songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Akọrin|olórin]]
| [[Bamako]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:(Oumou Sangaré) De la poesía a la música de raíz, sonidos de la segunda noche de San Isidro.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Pearl Thusi]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''
| [[KwaZulu-Natal]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982032|Redi Tlhabi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[akọ̀ròyìn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[olùkọ̀wé]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q135301631|olùgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́]]''
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Redi Thlabi Mandela Washington Fellowship 2017 (34818508705).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16198724|Sanaa Benhama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1046653|Khemisset]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54908063|Sara Menker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|business executive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sara Menker 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54929000|Sarah Diouf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|entrepreneur]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3610436|personal stylist]]''
| [[Parisi]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16821687|Semhar Araia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[amòfin]]
| [[New York]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Semhararwh.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54915207|Sethembile Msezane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[oníṣọ̀nà]]
| [[KwaZulu-Natal]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sethembile Msezane- Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q289462|Seun Adigun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13383011|bobsledder]]''
| [[Ṣìkágò]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Seun Adigun in 2022.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Simi]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''
| [[Ojuelegba, Lagos]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Simi singer from Nigeria born 1988 at NdaniTV session.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974244|Simi Adeagbo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54932082|Solange Lusiku Nsimire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[akọ̀ròyìn]]
| ''[[:d:Q222279|Bukavu]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928956|Susy Oludele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Taiye Selasi]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33231|photographer]]''
| [[Lọndọnu]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:TaiyeSelasi P1030135.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907829|Tebogo Anna Mashego]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16731804|Thuli Madonsela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[amòfin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]
| [[Johannesburg]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Thuli Madonsela April 2014.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2514348|Titica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1052281|trans woman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2643890|akọrin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|dancer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4610556|àwòṣe]]''
| [[Luanda]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Titica por Rachel Teixeira.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Tiwa Savage]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Akọrin|olórin]]
| [[Ikeja]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Tiwa Savage's studio portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Tope Oshin]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|television producer]]''
| [[Èkó]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Tope Oshin.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54953914|Tshiamo Legoale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914089|Tsitsi Masiyiwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62063127|executive chairperson]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q45916492|co-founder]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2824523|board member]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q140686|aláàga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|philanthropist]]''
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Mrs Tsitsi Masiyiwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20679792|Uche Eze]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blogger]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|entrepreneur]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105105508|social media expert]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[akọ̀ròyìn]]
| [[Maiduguri]]
| 
| 
|-
| [[Unoma Ndili Okorafor]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|entrepreneur]]''
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Unoma Okorafor at Gem Tech Awards 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975478|Upile Chisala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q188693|Blantyre]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q34217|Oxford]]''
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954627|Urenna Onyewuchi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Uzo Aduba]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2259451|stage actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|òṣeré fíímù]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|òṣeré amóhùn máwòrán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|voice actor]]''
| [[Boston]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Uzo Aduba 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44845816|Vanessa Kingori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| [[akọ̀ròyìn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2516866|publisher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|editor]]''
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| [[Lọndọnu]]
| [[Fáìlì:Vanessa Kingori at SXSW London June 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22097089|Vera Songwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|businessperson]]''
| [[Nairobi]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Vera Songwe at the UK-Africa Investment Summit 2020 (49418317753) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3566180|Wanuri Kahiu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3282637|olóòtú eré]]''
| [[Nairobi]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974310|Winnie Okoth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13381376|weightlifter]]''
| [[Mombasa]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29912279|Yrsa Daley-Ward]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4610556|àwòṣe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|òṣèré]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2078535|Chorley]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Yrsa Daley Ward.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q146776|Zanele Muholi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48270|non-binary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33231|photographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8359428|social activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18216771|video artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2544530|portrait photographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|installation artist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183292|Umlazi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183292|Umlazi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Cape Town]]
| [[Fáìlì:Zanele Muholi, 2011 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54968655|Zintle Ntshikila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|abo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q45217546|Instagram blogger]]''
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>tjvn22o8poaelw077e6pmk7gvnin900</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Regions of Guinea-Bissau</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>67141</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636851</id>
      <parentid>579615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T02:52:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636851</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1619" sha1="e3miw5090jfkvlhtr510vjgtq7e32k2" xml:space="preserve">

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q1054403 }
|section=
|sort=label
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P18:Image,P242:Map
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Image
! Map
|-
| ''[[:d:Q799791|Bafatá]]''
| 
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]
| [[Fáìlì:Bafata2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Guinea-Bissau - Bafatá.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q872228|Biombo Region]]''
| 
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]
| [[Fáìlì:Biombo coastal mangrove.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Guinea-Bissau - Biombo.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q151909|Bolama region]]''
| 
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]
| [[Fáìlì:Bubaque port.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Guinea-Bissau - Bolama.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q780838|Cacheu Region]]''
| 
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cacheu.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Guinea Bissau-Cacheu.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q872212|Gabú Region]]''
| 
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]
| [[Fáìlì:20130613-DSC 9092 (9294085582).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Guinea Bissau-Gabu.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q853991|Oio Region]]''
| 
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]
| [[Fáìlì:Rio Farim-Cacheu, São Vicente, Guinea-Bissau (9087168099).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Guinea-Bissau - Oio.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q862617|Quinara Region]]''
| 
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]
| [[Fáìlì:Buba river (3781362861).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Guinea-Bissau - Quinara.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1047255|Tombali Region]]''
| 
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Guinea-Bissau - Tombali.svg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>e3miw5090jfkvlhtr510vjgtq7e32k2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Fellows of the Nigerian National Academy of Sciences</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>67880</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636856</id>
      <parentid>636044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T06:29:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67910" sha1="0yrevv96eah3ctl9ntjte9l73tjw66i" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q69092328 Fellows of the Nigerian National Academy of Sciences] 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q69092328 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q69092328/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q69092328/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! iṣẹ́ oòjọ́ rẹ̀
! ORCID iD
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF ID
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21005784|Oluwole B. Familoni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-232X 0000-0002-5480-232X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jYwKyIQAAAAJ jYwKyIQAAAAJ]
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21005784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21005784/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Mojisola Adeyeye]]
| ''[[:d:Q105186|pharmacist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858251|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858251/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Musibau Adewunmi Akanji|Musbau Adewumi Akanji]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4476-454X 0000-0003-4476-454X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ScOP4eEAAAAJ ScOP4eEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:FUT.Minna Prof. Musbau A. Akanji.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51858431|Joseph Eberendu Ahaneku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| [[Fáìlì:Joseph Ahaneku.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858431|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858431/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51858437|Michael Umale Adikwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858437|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858437/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Deborah Ajakaiye]]
| ''[[:d:Q12094958|geophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/4616798 4616798]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16105317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16105317/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Jubril Aminu|Jibril Aminu]]
| [[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/72930256 72930256]
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30090012|Oye Gureje]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-5947 0000-0003-0094-5947]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/311810867 311810867]
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:POG.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30090012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30090012/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Catherine Falade]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-6033 0000-0003-4755-6033]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/316552768 316552768]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ogbonnaya Onu]]
| [[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27963581 27963581]
| 2020
| [[Fáìlì:Ogbonnaya Onu - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q13655513|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q13655513/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Alexander Animalu]]
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WYCcrnkAAAAJ WYCcrnkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/36492346 36492346]
| 1980
| [[Fáìlì:Alexander Animalu.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4718223|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4718223/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54313807|Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54313807|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54313807/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111982496|Adenike Oladiji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111982496|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111982496/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4865269|Bartholomew O. Nnaji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/113602104 113602104]
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4865269|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4865269/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75798588|Njidda M. Gadzama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-8239 0000-0002-3743-8239]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/116395774 116395774]
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798588|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798588/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Patrick Obi Ngoddy]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131512|farmer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q63179158|food engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798728|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798728/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75799110|Alfred A. Susu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1994
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799110|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799110/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75799475|Mark Nwagwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1994
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Mark Nwagwu.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799475|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799475/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75511268|Emmanuel Uche Odigboh]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75511268|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75511268/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75799649|Paul O. Okonkwo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799649|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799649/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75799736|Elijah D. Mshelia]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85639901 85639901]
| 1994
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799736|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799736/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Babatunde Lawal Salako]]
| ''[[:d:Q20739489|nephrologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141638|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141638/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141639|Bolanle Adeniyi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105570105|pharmaceutical scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=n2EBeXsAAAAJ n2EBeXsAAAAJ]
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141639|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141639/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141636|Anthony Attama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105570105|pharmaceutical scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-2280 0000-0002-5751-2280]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PKTI5ggAAAAJ PKTI5ggAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305609745 305609745]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141636|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141636/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141637|Augustine Ubachukwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qj1tUXQAAAAJ qj1tUXQAAAAJ]
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141637|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141637/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141642|Lateef Sanni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-6091 0000-0003-3363-6091]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Q3H6FEMAAAAJ Q3H6FEMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141643|Timothy Odiaka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q34463094|organic chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141640|James Ogbonna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xasaLiYAAAAJ xasaLiYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/128165747316053932169 128165747316053932169]
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141641|Joseph Olusegun Ayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nUOfarcAAAAJ nUOfarcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141641|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141641/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75226075|Oyebiodun Longe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226075|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226075/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75082227|Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-0998 0000-0002-6922-0998]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082227|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082227/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75514799|Emmanuel O. Anosike]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75514799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75514799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75226666|Ifeanyi Charles Ume]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226666|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226666/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Suleiman Bogoro|Suleiman Elias Bogoro]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Suleiman Elias Bogoro.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082585|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082585/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75226809|Gabriel N. Egbunike]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226809|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226809/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Olufemi Bamiro]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/39057210 39057210]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19865586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19865586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75226925|Abayomi Olusola Akanji]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72202313|Samuel N.C. Okonkwo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/78353836 78353836]
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Pius N. Okeke]]
| ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ApO-U6cAAAAJ ApO-U6cAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/271139961 271139961]
| 1998
| [[Fáìlì:PROF. PN OKEKE AS PROF. EMERITUS- 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75234885|Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Okafor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75234885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75234885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75811825|Alexander D. Wozuzu Acholonu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107622091|academic dean]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/18924672 18924672]
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75811825|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75811825/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16846432|Ifedayo Oladapo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16846432|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16846432/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75236118|Akinola Muritala Salau]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236118|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236118/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75236706|Babatunde Owolabi Onadeko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55629671|Cornelius Adedapo Kogbe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/196156051 196156051]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55629671|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55629671/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75237164|Gabriel Kayode Falade]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75237164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75237164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75814686|Ephraim Efiong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75814686|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75814686/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58371457|Mayowa Ojo Owolabi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-3070 0000-0003-1146-3070]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58371457|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58371457/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75816990|Gordian Obuneme Ezekwe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75816990|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75816990/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75817925|Idris Mohammed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75817925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75817925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75818012|Joseph Yusuf Yayock]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75818012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75818012/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75243183|Israel F Adu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75243183|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75243183/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75820200|Sulaiman Adeniyi Adekola]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75820200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75820200/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75821486|Joshua Ajadi Faniran]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821486/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75821589|Olusegun Ladimeji Oke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821589|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821589/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75825781|Andrew Oteku Evwaraye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75825781|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75825781/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75826028|Adelola Adeloye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9385011|neurosurgeon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75826547|Gabriel Ayodele Makanjuola]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75826831|Charles Okolo Okafor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826831/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75826944|Henry Ehikpehale Enahoro]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826944|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826944/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75106127|Samuel Olusegun Akande]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75106127|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75106127/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75827429|Anthony Malomo Adia Imevbore]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1983
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827429|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827429/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75827746|George Joseph Folayan Esan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1982
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827746|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827746/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64871722|Sunday W. Petters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/29606422 29606422]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64871722|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64871722/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75829999|Osondu John Eze-Uzomaka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1981
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75829999|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75829999/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75830255|Cornelius O. Orangun]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1981
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75830255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75830255/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75109736|J. Chukwuemeka Agunwamba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582652|civil engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/284593770 284593770]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109736|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109736/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75109908|Mufutau Babs Oyeneyin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109908|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109908/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75254131|Olusegun Ekundayo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75254131|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75254131/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75110097|Martins Olusola Olorunfemi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75110097|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75110097/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75832021|Oladipo Olujimi Akinkugbe]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20739489|nephrologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/276415261 276415261]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832021|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832021/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75832117|Timothy Ajibola Taylor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56677038|agricultural biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/303937339 303937339]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832117|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832117/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75832592|Cyril Obiora Enwonwu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832592|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832592/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75112392|Emiola O. Olapade-Olaopa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17345122|urologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112392|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112392/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75112516|Karniyus Shingu Gamaniel]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112516|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75112716|Charles Okechukwu Esimone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-6763 0000-0002-1753-6763]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305561378 305561378]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Charles Esimone.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112716|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112716/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75833792|Alexander Eyimofe Boyo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3332427|clinical pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17156912|malariologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| [[Fáìlì:A.E. Boyo. Photograph. Wellcome V0028066 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833792|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833792/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75833964|Babatunde Olusiji Osunkoya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833964|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833964/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75113556|Edith Oriabure Ajaiyeoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113556|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113556/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75113702|Chidi Emmanuel Akujor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113702|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113702/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878034|Adesola Ogunniyi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-8956 0000-0002-2946-8956]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64878034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64878034/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75114533|Peter Achuike Akah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114533|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114533/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75114791|Richard Adebayo Adegbola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ayodele Olajide Falase|Ayodele O. Falase]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69948825|medical faculty]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/12370842 12370842]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64735479|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64735479/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75836662|Gabriel Ediale Osuide]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75836662|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75836662/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74107303|Olapeju Aiyelaagbe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-4104 0000-0003-2281-4104]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xCFGB1QAAAAJ xCFGB1QAAAAJ]
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74107303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74107303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85354126|Ganiyu Oboh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-9779 0000-0001-5167-9779]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85354126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85354126/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839440|Sauel O. Alasoadura]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839440|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839440/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839463|Emmanuel Ayotunde Yoloye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839463|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839463/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64738505|Charles Igwe Arizechukwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2021
| [[Fáìlì:THE NEW VC READING ANGLICAN HYMS DURING HIS INAUGRATION AT EKPO REFECTORY UNN.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64738505|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64738505/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839678|Patrick Iloba Amenechi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839678|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839678/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839685|Frank Mene Adedemiswanye Ukoli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q27497422|helminthologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/70271313 70271313]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839685|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839685/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839691|Samuel Afolabi Toye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839691|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839691/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839696|Ayodele Tella]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839696|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839696/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839861|Mosobalaje Olaloye Oyawoye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839861|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839861/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71804243|Bede Nwoye Okigbo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7201517|plant geneticist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31022139 31022139]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7072146|O. O. Adewoye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7072146|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7072146/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17164819|Chukwuedu Nwokolo]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| [[Fáìlì:Chukwuedu Nwokolo and Family 4.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17164819|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17164819/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105829346|Christine Oppong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-5405 0000-0003-4488-5405]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6mZcjt4AAAAJ 6mZcjt4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/22288059 22288059]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829346/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75266550|Akintoye Olusegun Coker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75266550|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75266550/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43549311|Olanike Adeyemo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-5090 0000-0003-3404-5090]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AbsyqJgAAAAJ AbsyqJgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305638553 305638553]
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Olanike Adeyemo portrait .jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75699562|Olabopo Osuntokun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12013238|ophthalmologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699562/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75699847|Vincent E. Aimakhu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699847|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75267821|Sunday A. Bwala]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75267821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75267821/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Francisca Nneka Okeke]]
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/182166797 182166797]
| 2010
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Francisca Okeke.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6932958|Muhammed K. Abubakar]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6932958|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6932958/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Isaac Folorunso Adewole]]
| ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-2514 0000-0002-5341-2514]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/246152742984427732066 246152742984427732066]
| 2011
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Isaac F. Adewole (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062079|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062079/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75270070|Alphonso C.I. Anusiem]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270070|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270070/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062192|Kehinde O. Ladipo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062192|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062369|Isa Marte Hussaini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75270408|Lekan S. Salimonu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270408|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270408/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062618|Nicholas Agiobi Damachi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062618|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062618/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43697544|Anthony I. Okoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-085X 0000-0002-9770-085X]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21063465|Oluwole Akinyele Agbede]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063465|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063465/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21063472|Uche Veronica Amazigo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063472|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063472/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21063473|Sunny Edet Ohia]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063473|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063473/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16017608|Fabian Udekwu]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16017608|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16017608/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71811551|O. S. Adegoke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/161366269 161366269]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75128324|Jude U. Ohaneri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75128324|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75128324/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Oluwatoyin Ogundipe]]
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q723682|dean]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/219152138567310980964 219152138567310980964]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Ogundipe.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64748489|Donald Efiong Udo Ekong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/84158185823020062190 84158185823020062190]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18326258|Tolu Odugbemi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-8666 0000-0002-7597-8666]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LI2E6S8AAAAJ LI2E6S8AAAAJ]
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18326258|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18326258/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75275218|Gabriel O. Ajayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75275218|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75275218/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21933512|Friday E. Okonofua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-2606 0000-0002-8777-2606]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lWa_57sAAAAJ lWa_57sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31975441 31975441]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46200996 46200996]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Babalola Chinedum Peace]]
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-8032 0000-0001-9173-8032]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lvw32FsAAAAJ Lvw32FsAAAAJ]
| 
| 2011
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Babalola Chinedum Peace.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4778204|Anya Oko Anya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/72739525 72739525]
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4778204|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4778204/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75279014|Salihu Mustafa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75279014|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75279014/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/35882343 35882343]
| 1992
| [[Fáìlì:Family Ransome Kuti c1940.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7086859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7086859/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71100029|Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/54152682509123311242 54152682509123311242]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Olumbe Bassir]]
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088847|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088876|B. Oluwakayode Osuntokun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q783906|neurologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/45860555 45860555]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088876/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75282910|Pius J. Egbelu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75282910|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75282910/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42412314|Iruka Okeke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-7587 0000-0002-1694-7587]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KCc3tdAAAAAJ KCc3tdAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/124748506 124748506]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145837|Joseph Olorunfemi Ojo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145837|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145837/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145843|Patrick Oladipo Aina]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145843|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145843/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145840|Adekunle Odunsi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145840|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145840/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145841|Chidi Adonis Ibe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145841|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145841/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145883|Dennies Edokpaigbe Agbonlahor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145883|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145883/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145886|Ogoamaka Patience Osadebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145886/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145884|John Okhienaiye Agbenin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145885|John Adeyinka Adekoya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145892|Sunday Ayodele Odunfa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145892|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145892/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145903|James Adeche Momoh]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85217213 85217213]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145903|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145903/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145906|Oladele O. Kale]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145906|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145906/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145907|John Alechenu Idoko]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145907/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146079|Chukwudozie Daniel Ezeokoli]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146079|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146079/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146215|Tola Atinmo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146215/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146291|Sunday Ene-ojo Atawodi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146291/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146363|Alfred B.O. Soboyejo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146363|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146363/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146547|Akinyhinka Omokolapo Omigbodun]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146946|Akaehomen O. Akii Ibhadode]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146946|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146946/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Akpanoluo Ikpong Ikpong Ette]]
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20650974|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20650974/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100233959|Grace Olusola Gbotosho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75148458|Victor Onwubalili Anosa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75148458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75148458/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Abẹli Ìdòwú Ọlayinka|Abel Idowu Olayinka]]
| ''[[:d:Q12094958|geophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/56062335 56062335]
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Abel Idowu Olayinka.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21229527|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21229527/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22671516|Ekanem Ikpi Braide]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/28596456 28596456]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22671516|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22671516/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Kayode Oyebode Adebowale]]
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:IMG-20230611-WA0020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Akinpelu Oludele Adesola|Akin O Adesola]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18204919|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18204919/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Babatunde Kwaku Adadevoh]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/65322217 65322217]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18205082|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18205082/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72558558|Nduka Okafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69963952|Babafemi Taiwo]]''
| [[olùkọ̀wé]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69963952|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69963952/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71694570|Joseph Ibomein Okogun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75298842|Gabriel I. Ekeke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75298842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75298842/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18209595|Oyewusi Ibidapo Obe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87845157|Musa Toyin Yakubu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-5795 0000-0002-3310-5795]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87845157|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87845157/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66940683|Charles O. Wambebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1627196|Pharmazeut]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-1874 0000-0002-7231-1874]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68669936 68669936]
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75303109|E. Efiom Ene-Obong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/21879208 21879208]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303109|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303109/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75303346|Timothy A. I. Akeju]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303346/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yetunde Mercy Olumide]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/38596181 38596181]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303536|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86837542|Bamidele I Olu-Owolabi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-6004 0000-0003-4668-6004]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86837542|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86837542/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Joseph Abiodun Balogun]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-3828 0000-0001-8106-3828]
| 
| 
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Joseph Abiodun Balogun, PT, Ph.D., FACSM, FNSP, FAS, FRSPH.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56274103|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56274103/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18359012|Oyewale Tomori]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/21066260 21066260]
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18359012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18359012/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Victor Omololu Olunloyo]]
| [[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3509767|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3509767/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Iya Abubakar]]
| [[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Iya Abubakar portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3511417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3511417/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Chike Obi]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5097406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5097406/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Obioma C. Nwaorgu]]
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|human rights defender]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75164951|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75164951/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75165166|Boniface C.E. Egboka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75165166|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75165166/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56999820|Olubukola O Babalola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17989045|vice president]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1909 0000-0003-4344-1909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rmHHG2UAAAAJ rmHHG2UAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75167018|Babajide Ibitayo Alo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75167018|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75167018/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75168259|Siyanbola Malomo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168259|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168259/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75168424|Sonny F. Kuku]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12887060|Aderemi Kuku]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/111184030 111184030]
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89442182|Abdulrazaq G Habib]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-8724 0000-0003-4219-8724]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89442182|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89442182/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75169925|O. Sodeinde]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75169925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75169925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59167174|David Mba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4623 0000-0001-7278-4623]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=V9tO4J8AAAAJ V9tO4J8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46290755 46290755]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12888834|Charles Chidume]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/104314245 104314245]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/81470209 81470209]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12888834|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12888834/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Abba Gumel]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8413-1248 0000-0002-8413-1248]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MpJ7daYAAAAJ MpJ7daYAAAAJ]&lt;br/&gt;[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nEZt41cAAAAJ nEZt41cAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68352879 68352879]
| 2010
| [[Fáìlì:Gumel-May2022.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72431255|Ikenna Onyido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20675871|Andrew Jonathan Nok]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675871|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675871/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Anthony Afọlábí Adegbola|Anthony Afolabi Adegbola]]
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675886/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20675920|Augustine Njoku Obi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675920|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675920/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412307|Samuel Okoye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/45840335 45840335]
| 1982
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7412307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7412307/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676177|Caleb Olaniyan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676177|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676177/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676391|David Okali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676391|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676554|Emmanuel Ndubisi Maduagwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676554|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676554/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676556|Emmanuel Emovon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676556|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676556/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676572|Etim Moses Essien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Abubakar S. Sambo]]
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19667396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19667396/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12891436|Haroon Oladipo Tejumola]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891436|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891436/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Gabriel Babatunde Ogunmola]]
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[oníṣègùn]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/122320023 122320023]
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676674|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676674/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12891811|James O. C. Ezeilo]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JCLL7-sAAAAJ JCLL7-sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2919173973177923810006 2919173973177923810006]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20677132|Jarlath U. Umoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-6397 0000-0001-6021-6397]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20677132|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20677132/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105881986|Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305731117 305731117]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105881986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105881986/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137023080|S. Kwame Karikari]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023080|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023080/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20679495|Victor Adenuga Oyenuga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/190682891 190682891]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12894384|Micah Okwuchukwu Osilike]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-4216 0000-0001-7860-4216]
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894384/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Adeyinka Gladys Falusi|Adeyinka G. Falusi]]
| ''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-3336 0000-0002-3064-3336]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/63491918 63491918]
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16211147|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16211147/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69122806|Henrietta Ene-Obong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-6751 0000-0002-9125-6751]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/86278507 86278507]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69122806|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69122806/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75178546|Rotimi A. Oderinde]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75178546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75178546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59752625|Michael Obi Onyekonwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4406-6285 0000-0002-4406-6285]&lt;br/&gt;[https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-9105 0000-0002-8690-9105]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59752625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59752625/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Sunday Iyahen]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/16288103 16288103]
| 1981
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12897525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12897525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75179014|Tom A. Aire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75179014|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75179014/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75900303|Anthony Momodu Oseni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75900303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75900303/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Awele Maduemezia]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20683859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20683859/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Oladipo Ogunlesi|Theophilus Oladipo Ogunlesi]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[oníṣègùn]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46517165 46517165]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8230160667773703560004 8230160667773703560004]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8764160668122903560009 8764160668122903560009]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901226|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901226/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75901435|Agu U. Ogan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901435|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901435/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Lateef Akinola Salako]]
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1981
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684458/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20684849|Mojeed Olayide Abass]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684849|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684849/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20684880|K. Mosto Onuoha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/12398146 12398146]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684880|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684880/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685015|Domingo Amechi Okorie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685015|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685015/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Olaitan Soyannwo]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28837|anesthesiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|consultant]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685016|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685016/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685026|Olusoga Sofola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-0488 0000-0002-5532-0488]
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685033|Cyril Agodi Onwumechili]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| [[Fáìlì:Onwumechili wiki pix.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4682391|Adetokunbo Lucas]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/50821596 50821596]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4682391|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4682391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75902610|Theodore Idibiye Francis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902610|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902610/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47501298|Obinna Onwujekwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4285 0000-0002-1214-4285]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lVcCp5gAAAAJ lVcCp5gAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305447338 305447338]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47501298|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47501298/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75902834|Akinyele Fabiyi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902834|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902834/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685746|M. Temitayo Shokunbi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7819-6862 0000-0002-7819-6862]
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685746|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685746/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72587424|David Tinakpoewan Okpako]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/60630064 60630064]
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75903479|Mark O. Chijioke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75903479|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75903479/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20687464|Umaru Shehu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| [[Fáìlì:Nigerian Public Domain 563.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20687464|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20687464/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75906548|Olumuyiwa Awe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/38219967 38219967]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75906548|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75906548/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70717390|Olukayode Oladipo Amund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=i3EyYBMAAAAJ i3EyYBMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75907555|J.B.E. Awachie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/140151352041252601833 140151352041252601833]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907555|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907555/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75907853|I.A. Akinrele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907853/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35828655|Celestine Onwuliri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35828655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35828655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043290|Bertram Ekejiuba Nwoke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043290/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043412|Gabriel Ayowole Kolawole]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043412|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043478|Matthew Olusoji Ilori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q414528|academician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-0047 0000-0002-1675-0047]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Tf4RNV4AAAAJ Tf4RNV4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/30157412214616050053 30157412214616050053]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71727708|Timothy U. Obi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043642|Isaac Uzoma Asuzu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48805875|Herbert C. Kodilinye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48805875|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48805875/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16945811|Augustine O. Esogbue]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16945811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16945811/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ibironke Akinsete]]
| ''[[:d:Q8125919|political adviser]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62071484|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62071484/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16946670|John Chukwuemeka Amazigo]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946670|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946670/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55873686|Folahan A. Adekola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-669X 0000-0003-4411-669X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LaTVOBEAAAAJ LaTVOBEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55873686|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55873686/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Babatunde Osotimehin]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/9599149619472104010006 9599149619472104010006]
| 2006
| [[Fáìlì:Babatunde Osotimehin at the London Summit on Family Planning.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4837550|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4837550/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42322998|Jonathan Oyebamiji Babalola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-6677 0000-0002-1407-6677]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42322998|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42322998/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75194536|Olukayode Dada]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194536|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75194690|Martin Anthony C. Aghaji]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194690|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194690/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Joseph Chike Edozien]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/38409550 38409550]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6282107|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6282107/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18249304|Babatunde Adetokunbo Sofoluwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18249304|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18249304/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57896470|Benjamin Uzochukwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0794-0455 0000-0002-0794-0455]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57896470|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57896470/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52707368|Olayinka Olusola Omigbodun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-8530 0000-0003-3808-8530]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52707368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52707368/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18684381|Azikiwe Peter Onwualu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-4836 0000-0001-5970-4836]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1870807 1870807]
| 2009
| [[Fáìlì:Peter-o.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18684381|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18684381/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Nimi Dimkpa Briggs]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1683162669350155500004 1683162669350155500004]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68327375 68327375]
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685013|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685013/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89329083|Simeon Cadmus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3281-2316 0000-0002-3281-2316]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89329083|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89329083/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Grace Oladunni Taylor|Oladunni G. Olaniyan-Taylor]]
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/173967033 173967033]
| 1997
| [[Fáìlì:Grace Oladunni Taylor.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22290342|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22290342/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72606389|Turner T. Isoun]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31069080 31069080]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57901802|Emmanuel A Ameh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2386-3039 0000-0003-2386-3039]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57901802|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57901802/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75491065|Raifu Isola Salawu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491065|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491065/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20562459|Samuel Akindiji Ilori]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75491735|Cajetan Ezeani Okeke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491735|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491735/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75492019|Edward ‘B. Attah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75492019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75492019/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41900805|Oluwatoyin A. Odeku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105186|pharmacist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16515647|mentor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1304 0000-0002-0732-1304]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ti-T_nsAAAAJ Ti-T_nsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/302282669 302282669]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Folasade Ogunsola]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-685X 0000-0001-7734-685X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HemfnRwAAAAJ HemfnRwAAAAJ]
| 
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:230201-N-DK722-1004 - NAVEUR-NAVAF Band visits Nigerian National Museum and University of Lagos.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753366|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753366/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56753367|Stella Ifeanyi Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-1189 0000-0003-2163-1189]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=szjhfkcAAAAJ szjhfkcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70593706|Effiom Edem Antia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Adégòkè Olúbùmmọ́|Adegoke Olubummo]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31056653 31056653]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11051763|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11051763/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74632009|Nduka Nnamdi Ekere]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-8244 0000-0002-9955-8244]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74632009|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74632009/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Winston Wole Soboyejo]]
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|military flight engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Winston Soboyejo.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98565719|Adekunle A. Bakare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-1587 0000-0001-9829-1587]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004706|Ibrahim Garba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8973156223673205400008 8973156223673205400008]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004730|Isaac Adebayo Adeyemi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004730|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004730/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004729|Adeyinka Afolayan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004729|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004729/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>0yrevv96eah3ctl9ntjte9l73tjw66i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Fellows of the Royal Society of South Africa</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>68309</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636854</id>
      <parentid>636038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T04:27:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636854</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="72501" sha1="khe44t2stm6qtzv98mjluu7m87ps77n" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q60986464 Fellows of the Royal Society of South Africa] 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q60986464 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q60986464/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q60986464/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! iṣẹ́ oòjọ́ rẹ̀
! ORCID iD
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF ID
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81710423|Joseph P. Michael]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81710423|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81710423/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80701780|Donald A. Cowan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80701780|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80701780/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1162163|olùdarí]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-9926 0000-0002-4590-9926]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QUpAXHcAAAAJ QUpAXHcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6031160486121605180005 6031160486121605180005]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81711757|Graham Mitchell]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81711757|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81711757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42931372|Bert Klumperman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-274X 0000-0003-1561-274X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/313554514 313554514]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42931372|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42931372/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77820561|Fazal M. Mahomed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q72271334|professor of mathematics]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-5820 0000-0002-6995-5820]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=phJrkvwAAAAJ phJrkvwAAAAJ]
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77820561|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77820561/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1267093|Elisabeth Vrba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85250115 85250115]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/93322823 93322823]
| 1985
| [[Fáìlì:Elisabeth Vrba 2009-02.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1267093|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1267093/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83012615|Nikolaas J van der Merwe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1984
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83012615|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83012615/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20731808|Grae Worster]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20731808|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20731808/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83158893|David Woods]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83158893|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83158893/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28086200|Geoff Garrett]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/52270408 52270408]
| 2000
| [[Fáìlì:Geoff Garrett CS6 270116-lg.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28086200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28086200/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83159139|Walter Zucchini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2722490 2722490]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83159139|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83159139/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5019897|Calie Pistorius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:Calie Pistorius.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019897|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019897/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61679353|Dudley Shallcross]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-9221 0000-0001-7614-9221]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=igQanooAAAAJ igQanooAAAAJ]
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61679353|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61679353/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58220468|Francesco Petruccione]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-0913 0000-0002-8604-0913]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=chM4fT4AAAAJ chM4fT4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/51907883 51907883]
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Francesco Petruccione blazer.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58220468|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58220468/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61104159|Duncan Mitchell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-4773 0000-0001-8989-4773]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NdpBRSMAAAAJ NdpBRSMAAAAJ]
| 
| 1984
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61104159|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61104159/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81144632|Arnold Knopfmacher]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81144632|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81144632/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80568773|Ronald J. Clarke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80568773|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80568773/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80569011|John D. Clemens]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80569011|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80569011/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80569202|T. Eugene Cloete]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fOUypFkAAAAJ fOUypFkAAAAJ]
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80569202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80569202/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81146665|Rosina C. Krecek]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81146665|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81146665/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81147058|Peter G.L. Leach]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81147058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81147058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81147828|Richard H. Lemmer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81147828|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81147828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15839341|Jill Farrant]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839136|cell biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-7967 0000-0002-1450-7967]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OIeulVQAAAAJ OIeulVQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/275262507 275262507]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15839341|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15839341/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56065756|Shabir A. Madhi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-0636 0000-0002-7629-0636]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ok2EswEAAAAJ ok2EswEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:Shabir Madhi for Fundación Civio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56065756|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56065756/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6759640|Margaret Levyns]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1907198|taxonomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47825396|phytogeographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/76028114 76028114]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Margaret Rutherford Bryan Levyns.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6759640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6759640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79853945|Theodor John Stewart]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-5955 0000-0002-2107-5955]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8wH5tTkAAAAJ 8wH5tTkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/15146153191805252771 15146153191805252771]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79853945|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79853945/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82016605|Harald Pasch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1132-3393 0000-0003-1132-3393]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/116848382 116848382]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82016605|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82016605/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23772750|Herbert Basil Sutton Cooke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/79388488 79388488]
| 1946
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23772750|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23772750/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2150124|Richard M. Cowling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-2685 0000-0003-3514-2685]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eH34bIQAAAAJ eH34bIQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/34611234 34611234]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2150124|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2150124/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57078993|Claude Carignan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-6151 0000-0001-9089-6151]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=r2_oRUMAAAAJ r2_oRUMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/232336283 232336283]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57078993|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57078993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81732311|Luigi R. Nassimbeni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81732311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81732311/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80435053|Janine B. Adams]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435053|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435053/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80435477|Christopher C. Appleton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435477|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435477/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80435992|D. Margaret Avery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16831394|mammalogist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-7047 0000-0003-0784-7047]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/311367956 311367956]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435992|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435992/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80436020|Len J. Barbour]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80436020|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80436020/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81733608|Vernon M. Neppe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81733608|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81733608/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23777458|Patricia Berjak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/43105677 43105677]
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23777458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23777458/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81013097|Peter W. Froneman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81013097|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81013097/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4891802|Beric Skews]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4891802|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4891802/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32860776|Felix Dapare Dakora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-6896 0000-0002-9070-6896]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DW22bZEAAAAJ DW22bZEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/9379653 9379653]
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79427702|Keith P. Klugman]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-728X 0000-0001-6637-728X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=T-mgWmkAAAAJ T-mgWmkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/5261457 5261457]
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79427702|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79427702/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23778547|Peter B. Best]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/16138947 16138947]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23778547|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23778547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q712043|Arthur William Rogers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/17978036 17978036]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q712043|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q712043/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80438063|Guy C. Bate]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80438063|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80438063/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81014873|Andrew K. Galwey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81014873|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81014873/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81015192|Christoph F. Garbers]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81015192|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81015192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75969884|Ahmed C. Bawa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-5295 0000-0002-5889-5295]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pcgmSn4AAAAJ pcgmSn4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/249897491 249897491]
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75969884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75969884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52758677|Susan W. Nicolson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-9383 0000-0001-6024-9383]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/19932833 19932833]
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52758677|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52758677/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42666979|Steven L. Chown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-5105 0000-0001-6069-5105]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/64258857 64258857]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42666979|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42666979/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29981691|Nigel C. Bennett]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9748-2947 0000-0001-9748-2947]
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29981691|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29981691/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22340726|Jennifer Thomson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-0357 0000-0002-2243-0357]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TmyuyVYAAAAJ TmyuyVYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/54380859 54380859]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22340726|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22340726/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60834357|Brian Warner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063546|historian of science]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/109805982 109805982]
| 1976
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60834357|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60834357/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18161438|Salim Abdool Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-2133 0000-0002-4986-2133]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/273180719 273180719]
| 2003
| [[Fáìlì:Slim portrait 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q20756981|Peter Vale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-9325 0000-0003-0805-9325]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-oLobmUAAAAJ -oLobmUAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/39521399 39521399]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20756981|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20756981/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80444317|Kanti D. Bhoola]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80444317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80444317/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71650707|Hendrik B. Geyer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82175664|Michael Perrin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82175664|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82175664/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6775598|Martin Hall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/117559096 117559096]
| 2001
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Martin Hall.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6775598|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6775598/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80447055|R.D. Bigalke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/287462074 287462074]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80447055|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80447055/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1586575|Harry Irving]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/422145857117322922525 422145857117322922525]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/91856523 91856523]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1586575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1586575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61993822|David Glasser]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-722X 0000-0001-9510-722X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=G8kEvt8AAAAJ G8kEvt8AAAAJ]
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| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993822|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993822/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61993821|Diane Hildebrandt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-8855 0000-0001-7873-8855]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2SQ-120AAAAJ 2SQ-120AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/34119349 34119349]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993821/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80447621|Judy M. Bishop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9986-7269 0000-0001-9986-7269]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fTryeZAAAAAJ fTryeZAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/111091523 111091523]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80447621|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80447621/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71654754|Andries Johannes van der Walt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2325224|constitutional lawyer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/58628637 58628637]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71654754|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71654754/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2165640|Ronald J. Clarke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17488316|prehistorian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2145981|restorer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/147008726 147008726]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Ronald Clarke.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2165640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2165640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38640649|Andrew E. McKechnie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1524-1021 0000-0002-1524-1021]
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38640649|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38640649/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15429379|Paul Cilliers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/328371 328371]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15429379|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15429379/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21340974|Bruce S. Rubidge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-1873 0000-0003-2477-1873]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Z7edricAAAAJ Z7edricAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/147053915 147053915]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/475150323917709972010 475150323917709972010]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21340974|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21340974/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82901586|Stuart J. Saunders]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/38148628 38148628]
| 1992
| [[Fáìlì:Stuart Saunders, Vice-chancellor of UCT.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82901586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82901586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21341244|Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17344952|arachnologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1532-1379 0000-0003-1532-1379]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68612009 68612009]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341244|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81027633|Andre Goosen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81027633|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81027633/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21341400|Maureen Coetzee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107292086|medical entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-866X 0000-0003-2019-866X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jbWH4QUAAAAJ jbWH4QUAAAAJ]
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26820569|John Francis Thackeray]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-382X 0000-0001-6884-382X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SMN_CbwAAAAJ SMN_CbwAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/56318959 56318959]
| 2009
| [[Fáìlì:Koenigswald-Lecture 2016 John Francis Thackeray 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26820569|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26820569/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81028595|John J. Gurney]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81028595|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81028595/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5340086|Edna P. Plumstead]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/23411195 23411195]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5340086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5340086/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81029575|Friedrich  W. Hahne]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81029575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81029575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82903855|Louis Scott]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82903855|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82903855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q49168166|Terence J. Robinson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-4891 0000-0002-4298-4891]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LLaJvSEAAAAJ LLaJvSEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q49168166|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q49168166/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78434764|David Mason]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78434764|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78434764/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82904164|Michael S. Scurrell]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82904164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82904164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81030104|Raymond J. Haines]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81030104|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81030104/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60991028|George Ekama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PWje2ogAAAAJ PWje2ogAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/311249909 311249909]
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60991028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60991028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81031522|Eric H. Harley]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81031522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81031522/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7793599|Thomas Robertson Sim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16334507|bryologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|explorer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/20209164 20209164]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Tr sim00.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7793599|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7793599/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81176926|Steven J. Lennon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81176926|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81176926/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76419491|Jan-Hendrik S. Hofmeyr]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419491|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419491/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76419567|Igor Barashenkov]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419567|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419567/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81177218|Owen A.M. Lewis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81177218|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81177218/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77717266|Michael Charles Kew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717266|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717266/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81177625|James D. Lewis-Williams]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81177625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81177625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11256815|David Mark Richardson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-8297 0000-0001-9574-8297]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Rdfu4uoAAAAJ Rdfu4uoAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85249968 85249968]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11256815|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11256815/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42830282|Peter Henzi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-1674 0000-0001-6175-1674]
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42830282|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42830282/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15438215|Walter Wargau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/72240426 72240426]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Walter Wargau (Student).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15438215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15438215/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79306387|Norman Pammenter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79306387|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79306387/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81036719|William F. Harris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81036719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81036719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544590|Daniela Cristina Stefan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16062369|oncologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-1209 0000-0001-5740-1209]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544590|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544590/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82912218|Yackoob K. Seedat]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912218|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912218/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81038008|Walter D. Heiss]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81038008|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81038008/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82912585|Mary K. Seely]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912585|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912585/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82912954|Milton Shain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6810157704216544440001 6810157704216544440001]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/91941266 91941266]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912954|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912954/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37643854|Gregory L. Blatch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-8577 0000-0003-0778-8577]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/272043681 272043681]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643854|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643854/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19623171|Clarence Van Riet Lowe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13582652|civil engineer]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/62837606 62837606]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19623171|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19623171/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82914193|Vere Shannon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|oceanographer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82914193|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82914193/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43267916|Susan A. Bourne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-2843 0000-0002-2491-2843]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OlFQMW4AAAAJ OlFQMW4AAAAJ]
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43267916|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43267916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82915241|Merwyn Shear]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1978
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82915241|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82915241/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q450598|Lee Berger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Australopithecus africanus]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-7629 0000-0002-0367-7629]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PpW_J88AAAAJ PpW_J88AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6169562 6169562]
| 2011
| [[Fáìlì:Lee Berger image 2006.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q450598|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q450598/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q76716731|Thomas Ford]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-794X 0000-0002-8896-794X]
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716731/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660145|Sydney Skaife]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/117949603 117949603]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/86323194 86323194]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Hendrik Brand.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7660145|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7660145/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q82917146|Peter E. Spargo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82917146|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82917146/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52353159|Stephanie G. Burton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-8420 0000-0002-3094-8420]
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52353159|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52353159/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q73836164|Perry T. Kaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-8121 0000-0002-5997-8121]
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73836164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73836164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70377150|Lynn Morris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-8415 0000-0002-1836-8415]&lt;br/&gt;[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-7828 0000-0003-3961-7828]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=atnn-0AAAAAJ atnn-0AAAAAJ]
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377150|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377150/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54086671|Norman Owen-Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-1201 0000-0001-8429-1201]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BoSadf0AAAAJ BoSadf0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/29615824 29615824]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/496166656941922710006 496166656941922710006]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54086671|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54086671/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5213742|Dan J. Stein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[oníṣègùn]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810 0000-0001-7218-7810]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LOHkEw8AAAAJ LOHkEw8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/39468370 39468370]
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Dan-Stein-20130904.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q17612495|Quarraisha Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-477X 0000-0002-0985-477X]
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| 2014
| [[Fáìlì:Quarraisha Abdool Karim.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q57259567|Charles B. de Koning]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-5130 0000-0003-4525-5130]
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57259567|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57259567/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15451201|Geoffrey Blight]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424604|earth scientist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/63422447 63422447]
| 1991
| [[Fáìlì:Geoff Blight.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15451201|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15451201/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2043552|Johannes van Staden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-1281 0000-0003-0515-1281]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/562159234013403370477 562159234013403370477]
| 1990
| [[Fáìlì:Prof johannes van staden-1595341335.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2043552|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2043552/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80761328|W.P.M. de Ruijter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|oceanographer]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N6GAWu8AAAAJ N6GAWu8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/55454984 55454984]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80761328|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80761328/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81915116|Haralambos Parolis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81915116|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81915116/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80762518|Cesáreo A. Dominguez]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AynPRjkAAAAJ AynPRjkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/76115383 76115383]
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80762518|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80762518/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80762761|Siegfried E. Drewes]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80762761|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80762761/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71104683|Willem Albert Hanekom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-1645 0000-0002-6788-1645]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GNFho0kAAAAJ GNFho0kAAAAJ]
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| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5074942|Charles Abercrombie Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[olóṣèlú]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Sir Charles Abercrombie Smith - Scientist and politician - Cape Colony.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5074942|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5074942/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53952047|William J. Bond]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3441-2084 0000-0002-3441-2084]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8vuc6rIAAAAJ 8vuc6rIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/279051097 279051097]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53952047|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53952047/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53808040|Michael T Davies-Coleman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-894X 0000-0001-5344-894X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85647578 85647578]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53808040|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53808040/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81056277|Michael J.R. Hoch]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81056277|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81056277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15459092|Charles K. Brain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/30825610 30825610]
| 1976
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15459092|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15459092/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81056623|Alan N. Hodgson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81056623|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81056623/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42420373|Guy F. Midgley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-0869 0000-0001-8264-0869]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/53146094231500331476 53146094231500331476]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56406446|Alan K. Whitfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-7367 0000-0003-1452-7367]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NIDj1ksAAAAJ NIDj1ksAAAAJ]
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56406446|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56406446/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81060675|Leon C. Isaacson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1975
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81060675|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81060675/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81060977|Tom Jarrett]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81060977|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81060977/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61598221|Chaudry Masood Khalique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-4859 0000-0002-1986-4859]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4ILEyUYAAAAJ 4ILEyUYAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61598221|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61598221/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78610632|Ebrahim Momoniat]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78610632|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78610632/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5084053|Charles van Onselen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864380|biographer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-8052 0000-0002-3903-8052]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/64050944 64050944]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5084053|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5084053/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26998207|Athelstan Cornish-Bowden]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Athelstan Hall Cornish-Bowden in about 1885.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26998207|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26998207/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60590121|Robin Wood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-7117 0000-0002-4276-7117]
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60590121|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60590121/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21664327|Lawrence Crawford]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/7559173124545030300005 7559173124545030300005]
| 1909
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21664327|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21664327/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80053967|Peter Doughtrey Tyson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053967|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053967/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20656400|Hoosen Coovadia]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70827557|Simon Henry Connell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-7245 0000-0001-6000-7245]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pVS2ZiMAAAAJ pVS2ZiMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81064210|Graham I.H. Kerley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-5200 0000-0003-2702-5200]
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81064210|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81064210/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42571640|Jane Carruthers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-4599 0000-0001-8210-4599]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/4128165628894642480006 4128165628894642480006]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/48310877 48310877]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21522991|Richard N. Pienaar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12358881|phycologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/187578662 187578662]
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21522991|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21522991/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572405|Marion Bamford]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-130X 0000-0003-0667-130X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WT8NxO0AAAAJ WT8NxO0AAAAJ]
| 
| 2006
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Marion Bamford.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572405|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572405/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5236554|David Lewis-Williams]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1371378|ethnologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/14885319 14885319]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5236554|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5236554/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56849521|Leon M.T. Dicks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-9046 0000-0002-5157-9046]
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56849521|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56849521/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5092799|Cheryl de la Rey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| [[Fáìlì:Cheryl de la Rey.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5092799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5092799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54254936|Kelly Chibale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-646X 0000-0002-4541-646X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BAk6GbcAAAAJ BAk6GbcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2009
| [[Fáìlì:2025UniLeiden450-4.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81791833|Darragh O’Donoghue]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/315709107 315709107]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81791833|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81791833/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1348676|Sydney Samuel Hough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/35236785 35236785]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1348676|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1348676/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42293328|Patricia Ann Whitelock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4678-4432 0000-0002-4678-4432]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/24755014 24755014]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42293328|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42293328/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22109577|Richard S. K. Barnes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16868721|carcinologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-5994 0000-0002-5773-5994]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/64066109 64066109]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22109577|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22109577/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7837812|Trefor Jenkins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46916068 46916068]
| 1975
| [[Fáìlì:Trefor Jenkins00.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7837812|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7837812/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22112378|Roger M. H. Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NlTbMPoAAAAJ NlTbMPoAAAAJ]
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22112378|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22112378/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71274564|Fazal Mahmood Mahomed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19661724|Lyn Wadley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-0813 0000-0003-0053-0813]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bK8F68UAAAAJ bK8F68UAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/59117828 59117828]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19661724|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19661724/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21392406|Richard Vernon Dingle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21484199|ostracodologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1983
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21392406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21392406/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81511934|Marcelo P. Loewe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81511934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81511934/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81512201|John E. Lowther]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81512201|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81512201/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19519928|Henda C. Swart]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/7895173973184923810009 7895173973184923810009]
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19519928|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19519928/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21394246|William Wardlaw Thompson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4205432|ichthyologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21394246|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21394246/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78629970|Vincent Clifford Moran]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78629970|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78629970/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80936790|Paul de Villiers du Plessis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80936790|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80936790/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80937821|Patrick G. Eriksson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80937821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80937821/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80938027|Arthur G. Every]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80938027|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80938027/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80938181|Melvin Faierman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80938181|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80938181/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43165660|Edward Rybicki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9911 0000-0001-8024-9911]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VHZLh3EAAAAJ VHZLh3EAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8027168049010038410006 8027168049010038410006]
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43165660|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43165660/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15485098|Michael William Feast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-1630 0000-0002-8908-1630]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/34323769 34323769]
| 1982
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15485098|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15485098/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60610431|Brian R. Allanson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|marine biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3644587|hydrologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/45581243 45581243]
| 1968
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60610431|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60610431/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80939015|John G. Field]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|oceanographer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939015|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939015/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80939244|John S. Field]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939244|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80939459|Peter I. Folb]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/10782647 10782647]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939459/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q348933|Isaac Schapera]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/108544741 108544741]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Isaac Schapera, c1950s.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q348933|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q348933/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80653014|John D. Comins]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80653014|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80653014/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046038|Pieter Steyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046038/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046041|Douglas Butterworth]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046041|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046041/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046058|Lionel Opie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[oníṣègùn]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/59161562 59161562]
| 1983
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046066|B. Daya Reddy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-4821 0000-0002-8250-4821]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CWYli-kAAAAJ CWYli-kAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/108617120 108617120]
| 1992
| [[Fáìlì:Daya Reddy 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4819906|Chris Brink]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/62228603 62228603]
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4819906|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4819906/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82533058|Raymond Pollard]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82533058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82533058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80082536|Brian W. Van Wilgen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-7521 0000-0002-1536-7521]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5FfLX_4AAAAJ 5FfLX_4AAAAJ]
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80082536|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80082536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71576562|Neil John Coville]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5370-1386 0000-0001-5370-1386]
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71576562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71576562/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20831540|Judith Sealy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-8211 0000-0001-5071-8211]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hjy8MDAAAAAJ hjy8MDAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27100360 27100360]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20831540|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20831540/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80520476|Michael E. Brown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104693589|chemistry teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80520476|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80520476/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80521092|Michael N. Bruton]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80521092|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80521092/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29052586|Brenda Wingfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-1519 0000-0002-6189-1519]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9tCXKQ0AAAAJ 9tCXKQ0AAAAJ]
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29052586|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29052586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82539949|Roger E. Raab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82539949|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82539949/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80521586|James R. Bull]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80521586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80521586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80522068|Mino R. Caira]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80522068|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80522068/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79946604|Edward Sturrock]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946604|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946604/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70720643|Mike Wingfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-2009 0000-0001-9346-2009]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wT4V7isAAAAJ wT4V7isAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/14989035 14989035]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/22155914471039401883 22155914471039401883]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77803|Selmar Schonland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/40795045 40795045]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Schonland Pretoria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77803|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77803/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59187857|Douglas E. Rawlings]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8167 0000-0002-2521-8167]
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59187857|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59187857/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79660900|Roland Schulze]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3644587|hydrologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79660900|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79660900/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52701989|Robin M Crewe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-8250 0000-0003-4398-8250]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/172379736 172379736]
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52701989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52701989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42178276|Renée Kraan-Korteweg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-6250 0000-0002-0202-6250]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/272584657 272584657]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42178276|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42178276/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43188044|Willem Heber van Zyl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-353X 0000-0001-8195-353X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wbYsUOUAAAAJ wbYsUOUAAAAJ]
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43188044|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43188044/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60055963|João P. Rodrigues]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-3845 0000-0002-1980-3845]
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60055963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60055963/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91052641|John Parkington]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-6826 0000-0001-6127-6826]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tk-A4MsAAAAJ tk-A4MsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/36952076 36952076]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91052641|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91052641/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59624330|Paul R. Manger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-2854 0000-0002-1881-2854]
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59624330|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59624330/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76926947|Ronald Harley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/192970031 192970031]
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76926947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76926947/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82549683|Laurence J. Robb]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82549683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82549683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51697828|Kathryn H. Myburgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-2120 0000-0003-4501-2120]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DXNUiEEAAAAJ DXNUiEEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/205963403 205963403]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51697828|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51697828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23008763|Johann Carl Vogel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/171593751 171593751]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23008763|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23008763/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q77793537|Horst Helmut Klump]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793537|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793537/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77793851|Klaus Koch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-4406 0000-0003-3845-4406]
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793851|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793851/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82984689|Rudolph J van Aarde]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82984689|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82984689/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80533870|Philip Charles]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80533870|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80533870/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80534086|Robert W. Charlton]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80534086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80534086/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18685421|Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-5080 0000-0002-9786-5080]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jYYbmqEAAAAJ jYYbmqEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27342603 27342603]
| 2006
| [[Fáìlì:Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan, West Coast Fossil Park tour.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685421|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685421/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82985262|Jan van den Ende]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82985262|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82985262/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82553257|Allen L. Rodgers]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82553257|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82553257/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76931737|Manfred Armin Hellberg]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931737|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931737/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51846346|Renfrew Christie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20826540|scholar]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/62928676 62928676]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51846346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51846346/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1387629|George F. R. Ellis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8484-0629 0000-0001-8484-0629]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=K2h8IqwAAAAJ K2h8IqwAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/109637661 109637661]
| 1983
| [[Fáìlì:George Ellis 0040.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1387629|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1387629/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83132581|Albertus S. van Jaarsveld]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83132581|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83132581/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q524221|John Hewitt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16271064|herpetologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17344952|arachnologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q524221|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q524221/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58336810|Andrew Cooper]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424604|earth scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-8812 0000-0003-4972-8812]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wck4s-UAAAAJ wck4s-UAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/55808460 55808460]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58336810|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58336810/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83134393|Johan van Zyl]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83134393|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83134393/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2976150|John Jackson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/51317806 51317806]
| 1934
| [[Fáìlì:JohnJackson(astronomer).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2976150|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2976150/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22006961|Valerie Mizrahi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-9115 0000-0003-4824-9115]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=apDyKMgAAAAJ apDyKMgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8150380426913370197 8150380426913370197]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81549700|Adolf Conrad Matthee]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81549700|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81549700/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83135813|Morris J. Viljoen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/29202617 29202617]
| 1994
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83135813|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83135813/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39885100|Aletta E. Schutte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937 0000-0001-9217-4937]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=f1oels0AAAAJ f1oels0AAAAJ]
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39885100|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39885100/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5861359|John Patrick Rourke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/33298739 33298739]
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5861359|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5861359/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83137250|Richard P. Viljoen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83137250|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83137250/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1681675|Jan C. A. Boeyens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/29820137 29820137]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1681675|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1681675/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96489|Achim Richter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16742096|nuclear physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WU_HsKkAAAAJ WU_HsKkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/232819266 232819266]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q96489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q96489/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1971138|Mary Agard Pocock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12358881|phycologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|explorer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3148760|botanical illustrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q37226|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/16153470956745082416 16153470956745082416]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1971138|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1971138/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25615160|Paul Daniel Hahn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5428874|academic staff]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Paul Daniel Hahn.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q25615160|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q25615160/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38304462|Robert P. Millar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-2708 0000-0003-3606-2708]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/94387090 94387090]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38304462|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38304462/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q38305842|Wayne M. Getz]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61791734|biomathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-9354 0000-0001-8784-9354]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/93683896 93683896]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38305842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38305842/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81701088|Terence S. McCarthy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8nW-dTkAAAAJ 8nW-dTkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/11612688 11612688]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/65534637 65534637]
| 1994
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81701088|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81701088/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q63391519|Sunil D. Maharaj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-2849 0000-0002-1967-2849]
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391519/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81701559|Anton McLachlan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81701559|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81701559/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43496916|Michael J. Samways]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-6025 0000-0003-4237-6025]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/94489949 94489949]
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43496916|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43496916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40902255|Julia Lee-Thorp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-0258 0000-0002-3291-0258]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/36637061 36637061]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40902255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40902255/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28648152|Martin P. Hill]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-5298 0000-0003-0579-5298]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GKGAgoUAAAAJ GKGAgoUAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28648152|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28648152/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81702755|David S. McLachlan]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-1293 0000-0002-1560-1293]
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81702755|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81702755/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81702888|Chrisopher D. McQuaid]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81702888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81702888/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55175748|Helder M. Marques]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-3835 0000-0003-1675-3835]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZDz2O5sAAAAJ ZDz2O5sAAAAJ]
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55175748|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55175748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63764|Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19507792|scientific illustrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|curator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1907198|taxonomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/171765397 171765397]
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63764|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63764/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64835914|Karl Schilcher]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/59603504 59603504]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64835914|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64835914/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69449514|Mary Scholes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q60244908|plant physiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-9537 0000-0001-5762-9537]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qNlkIIMAAAAJ qNlkIIMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/177145857889223021078 177145857889223021078]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48256805|Gordon D Brown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-936X 0000-0003-4922-936X]
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48256805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48256805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42778663|Robert J. Scholes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-6935 0000-0001-5537-6935]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WR7VpKUAAAAJ WR7VpKUAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/71468733 71468733]
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42778663|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42778663/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20721396|Anna-Lise Williamson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-1200 0000-0002-5467-1200]
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20721396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20721396/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81707103|Barry V. Mendelow]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81707103|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81707103/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37736202|John Morrison]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/3862173124540430300008 3862173124540430300008]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37736202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37736202/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83150510|Anthony D. M. Walker]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83150510|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83150510/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79402317|Otto Walter Prozesky]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79402317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79402317/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83150751|Heribert Weigert]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83150751|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83150751/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80700386|Lesley A. Cornish]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80700386|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80700386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12364088|Hugh Paterson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|evolutionary biologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/35854115 35854115]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12364088|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12364088/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42784019|Kevin J. Naidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-3708 0000-0002-9898-3708]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sGaDPpQAAAAJ sGaDPpQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/65994373 65994373]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57777886|Michael Meadows]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2560911|physical geographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|translator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-3055 0000-0001-8322-3055]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=EufqPQMAAAAJ EufqPQMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/78996 78996]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57777886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57777886/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>khe44t2stm6qtzv98mjluu7m87ps77n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Guinean universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>68354</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636852</id>
      <parentid>622700</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T03:52:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636852</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2734" sha1="hx39rv5rp85jy8wzjkl7cj64ahrnxjm" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q1006 Scholia for Guinea]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q1006 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2496012|University of Conakry]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2496012|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2496012/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3490246|Sonatel]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3490246|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3490246/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1853235|National Assembly]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1853235|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1853235/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2663294|Rally of the Guinean People]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2663294|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2663294/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56304427|LGF Talk Radio]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56304427|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56304427/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135189658|Tournons La Page Guinée]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q135189658|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q135189658/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138665078|House of Democracy and Human Rights]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q138665078|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q138665078/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85766326|Herbier National de Guinée]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q85766326|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q85766326/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>hx39rv5rp85jy8wzjkl7cj64ahrnxjm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Madagascar universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>68361</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636853</id>
      <parentid>636036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T03:52:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1924" sha1="4x6gtm1lao72ksghvnc4r2lhq69zpg8" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q1019 Scholia for Madagascar]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q1019 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2822432|Malagasy Academy]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2822432|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2822432/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1443595|University of Antananarivo]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1443595|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1443595/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140700118|ONG Ilontsera]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q140700118|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q140700118/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>4x6gtm1lao72ksghvnc4r2lhq69zpg8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oníṣe:GerardM/Moroccon hospitals</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>69563</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636752</id>
      <parentid>634245</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T14:28:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>17294</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>636752</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25196" sha1="5kaedmujgyhgx6seocmt6gbrp5e1yxg" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT ?item WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917;
        wdt:P17 wd:Q1028.
}
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106588904|University Hospital Agadir]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q170525|Agadir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454832|Hôpital Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q170525|Agadir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454833|C. d'Oncologie d'Agadir]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q170525|Agadir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444437|Al Ghassani Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244506|Agdal]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444438|Ibn Al Baitar Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244506|Agdal]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444470|Ibn Sina Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444472|Specialties Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444474|Souissi Maternity Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444476|Children's Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444478|Orangers Maternity Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444480|Med Ben Abdellah Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444402|Mohammed VI Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q613913|Al Aaroui]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444550|Mohamed Baouafi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2829332|Al Fida]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136441406|Al Hoceima Oncology Center]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q310350|Al Hoceima]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136441988|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q310350|Al Hoceima]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454843|Centre Hospitalier Provencial D'Assa - Zag]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q685870|Assa]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442056|Assilah Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q730328|Asilah]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900514|Azemmour Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q178172|Azemmour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444500|Central High Atlas Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1934167|Azilal]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121435143|20 August Provincial Hospital in Azrou]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q794128|Azemour]]''
| {{Coord|33.438984|-5.214524|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hôpital Provincial 20 Août Azrou 3.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444453|20 August Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q794128|Azemour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444556|Leprology Center]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244542|Aïn Chock]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444558|Mohamed Sekkat Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244542|Aïn Chock]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444486|El Ayachi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2877678|Bab Lamrissa]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900493|Bejaad Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895029|Bejaeed]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900497|Ben Ahmed Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2294808|Ben Ahmed]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454819|Hôpital Benguerir]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2542724|Ben Guerir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454802|Hôpital  Ben Msick]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q4886093|Ben M'Sik European Cemetery]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85875019|Ben Smim Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q20390976|Ben Smim]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:IBEN SAMIM.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444504|Beni Mellal Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q817279|Beni Mellal]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900485|Hassan II hospital (Ben Slimane)]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1970952|Benslimane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444391|Edderak Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820813|Berkane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900486|Errazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2191860|Berrechid]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900487|Berrchid hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2191860|Berrechid]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454834|Hôpital Mokhtar Soussi]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q662659|Biougra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444384|Ben Karrich Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2404500|Bni Karrich]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444367|Mohammed VI Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444396|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2293231|Bouarfa]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454844|Hôpital de Proximite de Bouizakarne]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2921651|Bouizakarne]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454848|Centre Hospitalier Boujdour]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599897|Boujdour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444528|Bouskoura Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2294847|Bouskoura]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30279999|CHU Ibn Rochd]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| [[Casablanca]]
| {{Coord|33.573642|-7.58976|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444370|Arrazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q16538474|Charf-Mghogha]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442052|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q676778|Chefchaouen]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454805|Hôpital Mohamed VI]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454854|Direction Hôpital Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q345204|Dakhla]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444530|Prince My Hassan Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12211296|Dar Bouazza]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444502|Demnate Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540234|Demnate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444395|Driouch Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1259122|Driouch]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444419|Laayoune Sidi Mellouk Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3049730|El Aioun Sidi Mellouk]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444435|Prince My Hassan Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2606723|El Hajeb]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900498|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q219583|El Jadida]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454806|Hôpital Assalama]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3985724|El Kelaa des Sraghna]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454807|Hôpital psychiatrique]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3985724|El Kelaa des Sraghna]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444450|Ibn Al Khatib Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244519|El Mariniyine]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444451|Ibn Al Hassan Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244519|El Mariniyine]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454821|Sghiri Houmman I Ben Maati]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q648987|Erfoud]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454822|Hôpital Moulay Ali Chérif]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1980885|Errachidia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454823|Hôpital Amir Soultan Ibn Abdelaziz]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1980885|Errachidia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454826|HPr Rich]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1980885|Errachidia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454850|Centre Hospitalier Provincial Es-Semara]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q842810|Smara]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454809|Hôpital Sidi Med Ben Abdellah]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q216939|Essaouira]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444448|Omar Drissi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q20424442|Fes-Medina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254120|CHU Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q80985|Fez]]''
| {{Coord|34.004653|-4.962407|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:CHU Hassan II.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91339911|Maristan of Sidi Frej]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q80985|Fez]]''
| {{Coord|34.065185|-4.975066|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi frej foundouk.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444510|Fquih Ben Salah Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2895854|Fkih Ben Saleh]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444512|Souk Sebt Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2895854|Fkih Ben Saleh]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444386|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q513678|Fnideq]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444457|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3104753|Ghafsai]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454824|Hôpital 20 Août]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3111649|Goulmima]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454845|Centre Hospitalier Régional de Guelmim]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q842806|Guelmim]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136547635|Moulay El Hassan Military Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q842806|Guelmim]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136547710|Guelmim Private Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q842806|Guelmim]]''
| {{Coord|28.999127|-10.055328|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hôpital Privé Guelmim.png|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444398|Guercif Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2330467|Guercif]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454810|Hôpital Ibn Tofeil]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454811|Hôpital Ibn Nafis]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454812|Hopital Mère-Enfant]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454813|Centre d'Hématologie Oncologie]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454814|Hôpital Arrazi]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444482|My Youssef Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3128108|Hassan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444484|Moulay Youssef Hospital (Old Rabat Hospital)]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3128108|Hassan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444554|El Hassani Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408880|Hay Hassani]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444552|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12186855|Hay Mohammadi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444488|Moulay Abdellah Hospital (Prefectural Hospital)]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3141770|Hssaine]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442050|Imzouren Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2719983|Imzouren]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454835|Hôpital Inezgane]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2736030|Inezgane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444491|Jorf Elmelha Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3183779|Jorf El Melha]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454829|Hôpital de Proximité Kelâat Mgouna]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1018286|Kalaat M'Gouna]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444506|Moulay Ismail Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734833|Kasba Tadla]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900522|Al Idrissi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q478207|Kenitra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444463|Khémisset Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1046653|Khemisset]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444514|Khenifra Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q990115|Khenifra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900488|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q595974|Khouribga]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442053|Ksar El Kebir Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q52603|Ksar el-Kebir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444401|Jrada Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q27534254|Laaouinate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442054|Lalla Meriem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q606775|Larache]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454851|Hôpital Moulay Hassane Ben Mehdi]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454852|Hôpital Militaire Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454853|Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Laayoune]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444388|Mohammed VI Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2501764|M'diq]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444516|M'Rirt Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2291564|M'Rirt]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5984171|Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.670353|-7.996795|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5984270|Ibn Tofail University Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.6419|-8.01533|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30280028|CHU Mohammed VI]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.664209|-7.995753|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:CHU Mohammed VI.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58366548|Dar el Beida Palace hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.603726|-7.981473|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106982007|Ibn Zohr Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.618327|-7.995054|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106986239|Arrazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:CHU Marrakech Mohammed VI (66431).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454818|Hôpital Saada]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454815|Hôpital El Antaki]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3294832|Marrakech-Medina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444539|20 August 1953 Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3303192|Maârif]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444542|Ibn Rochd Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3303192|Maârif]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444544|Children's Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3303192|Maârif]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60537435|Moulay Ismaïl Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| {{Coord|33.892664|-5.545651|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60762977|Louis hotel hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| {{Coord|33.888725|-5.523372|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444422|Sidi Said Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444424|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444426|Pagnon Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444428|Oncology Center]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454816|Hôpital Mhamid]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3333190|Menara]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454825|Hôpital Midelt]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2501809|Midelt]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444430|Green March Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540367|Missour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444525|My Abdellah Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3325520|Moulay Abdallah]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444521|Médiouna Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2254188|Médiouna Casablanca]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444404|Hassani Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q824594|Nador]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454827|Hôpital Sidi Hssain Bencer]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q505208|Ouarzazate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454828|Hôpital Bougafer]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q505208|Ouarzazate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900528|Abou Kacem Zahraoui Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q602426|Ouazzane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900492|Oued Zem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1724990|Oued Zem]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444518|Oued Zem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1724990|Oued Zem]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30260354|CHU Oujda]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| {{Coord|34.656495|-1.910567|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue aérienne CHU Mohammed VI Oujda.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444408|Al Farabi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444410|Psychiatric Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444412|Specialties Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444414|Mother-Child Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444508|Beni Mellal Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3358170|Oulad M Barek]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454836|Hôpital Oulad Teima]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q785945|Oulad Teima]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444433|S. Ahmed B. Driss Missouri Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3358599|Outat El Haj]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21512945|Cheikh Zaid hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| [[Rabat]]
| {{Coord|33.97745|-6.869363|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hôpital Cheikh Zaid - Intérieur.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30253994|Ibn Sina hospital center]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q966104|Rabat Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.984327|-6.851129|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Direction du CHUIS Rabat.png|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444465|Roummani Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3441236|Rommani]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900516|Mohamed V Hospital (Safi)]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q183405|Safi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106510219|hôpital Bimarestan Safi]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q582861|Marinid dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183405|Safi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454820|Hôpital Aisha]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q183405|Safi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444440|Oncology Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244535|Saiss]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444442|Specialties Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244535|Saiss]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444445|Mother-Child Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244535|Saiss]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3293729|Madrasa Bou Inaniya]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q466046|Salé]]''
| {{Coord|34.038|-6.8241|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Façade maristane salé.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254268|CHU Rabat-Salé]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q466046|Salé]]''
| {{Coord|33.983958|-6.852332|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30280025|El Ayachi hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q466046|Salé]]''
| {{Coord|34.03439|-6.825917|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:El Ayachi Hospital - 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444393|Saidia Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q4759|Saïdia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137592799|Lalla Hasnaa Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q47075|Scarface]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444455|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009308|Sefrou]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900495|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q818019|Settat]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900512|Hospital of Sidi Layachi]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12217698|Sidi Ali Ben Hamdouche]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444548|My Youssef Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q377853|Sidi Belyout]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444532|Sidi Bennour Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q4418748|Sidi Bennour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444561|Al Mansour Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244536|Sidi Bernoussi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454846|Hôpital Sidi Ifni]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q632361|Sidi Ifni]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900540|Sidi Kacem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2089594|Sidi Kacem]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444493|Sidi Kacem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2089594|Sidi Kacem]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454801|Hôpital Sidi Moumen]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3483272|Sidi Moumen]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444416|Hassan II Oncology Center]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12217731|Sidi Moussa Lemhaya]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454803|Hôpital Sidi Othmane]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244539|Sidi Othmane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900541|Sidi Slimane Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2359952|Sidi Slimane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444495|Sidi Slimane Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2359952|Sidi Slimane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454817|Hôpital Charifa]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3483303|Sidi Youssef Ben Ali]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900524|Zoubir Skirej Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2544644|Souk El Arbaa]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444489|Arrazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3513541|Tabriquet]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454804|Hôpital Mohammed VI]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2189469|Tahannaout]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454808|Hôpital Princesse Lalla Khadija]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q305302|Tamallalt]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454847|Hôpital Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q936316|Tan-Tan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5688975|Benchimol Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q126148|Tangier]]''
| 
| [[Fáìlì:Solar Hospital Benchimol 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106783708|CHU Tangier]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q126148|Tangier]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444372|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q16679016|Tanger-Médina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444374|Al Kortobi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q16679016|Tanger-Médina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444376|Duc De Tovar Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q16679016|Tanger-Médina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444378|Oncology Center]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q16679016|Tanger-Médina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444460|Taounate Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2548730|Taounate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444420|Taourirt Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2329701|Taourirt]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442051|Targuist Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2544562|Targuist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454838|Hôpital Mokhtar Es-Soussi]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q762727|Taroudant]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454840|Centre Hôspitalier Provincial TaTa]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444461|Ibn Baja Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q574469|Taza]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444498|Princess Lalla Aicha Hospital (Former Sidi Lahcen)]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1635606|Temara]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444467|Tiflet Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2501786|Tiflet]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454830|Hôpital Municipal de Tinghir]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q335141|Tinghir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444523|Tit Mellil Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3529467|Tit Mellil]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454841|Hôpital Hassan Premier]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q587107|Tiznit]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454842|Hôpital Houmane El Fetouaki]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q587107|Tiznit]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444380|Civil Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q185157|Tétouan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444382|Errazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q185157|Tétouan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900520|Lalla Hasna Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2627209|Youssoufia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454831|Hôpital Derrak]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q140354|Zagora]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444406|Zaio Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q144416|Zaio]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900519|Zemamra Hospital (Sidi Bennour Province)]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740626|Zemamra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444534|Zmamra Hospital]]''
| 
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740626|Zemamra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>5kaedmujgyhgx6seocmt6gbrp5e1yxg</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jamilah Tangaza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>73753</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636903</id>
      <parentid>591382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:19:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Àtúnṣe si gbogbo oro inu ayoka</comment>
      <origin>636903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2185" sha1="20ps86mciirsjr1q7sqq7dlhq79wwkr" xml:space="preserve">'''Jamilah Tangaza''' jẹ́ akọ̀royìn àti oníṣẹ́-ẹọ̀rọ ọmọ orílè èdè Nàìjíríà orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀royìn tẹ́lẹ̀ rí fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ìroyìn BBC, níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní àwọn ipò lóríṣìíríṣìí kí ó tó di Olórí Ẹ̀ka Ìroyìn Èdè Hausa. Tangaza jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism ní Yunifásítì ti Oxford àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Chartered Management Institute ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ati Ẹ̀kọ́==
Wọ́n bí Tangaza ní ọjọ́ Kọkànlélógún oṣù Kàrún-ún ọdún 1971 ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kano, àríwá Nàìjíríà. Ó kàwé ní Yunifásítì ti Bayero àti Ilé-Ẹ̀kọ́ ti London. Ní ọdún 2013, wọ́n yan án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ilé-Iṣẹ́ Ìmọ̀-Ẹ̀rọ Ìṣàkóso Ilẹ̀ ti Àbújá.

==Iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ akọ̀ròyìn ==
Tangaza bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC World Service gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde ìroyìn ní ọdún 1992, níbi tí ó ti ṣe atunṣe àti ìgbéjáde àwọn ètò loríṣìír fún BBC Hausa Service. Ó sí di Àgbà Olùgbéjáde ní ọdún 1994, ipò tí ó fun ní àǹfààní lati máa tọ́jú àti ṣàkóso ìgbéjáde àwọn akọ̀royìn ní ẹ̀ka Ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti Apá-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn.
Ó tún bá àwọn ẹ̀ka mìíràn nínú BBC ṣiṣẹ́, nígbà púpọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣe àti olùgbéjáde àwọn ètò bíi Outlook, àti àwọn tí ó dá lórí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà bíi Focus on Africa àti Network Africa.

Lẹ́yìn ọdún méjì tí wọ́n dá ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC sí Àbújá ní ọdún 2004, wọ́n fi Tangaza sípò gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olótuutú BBC ní Àbújá fún ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ àti ojúṣe láti ṣètò àti láti ṣàkóso gbogbo ìroyìn ti BBC láti Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tó ṣe díẹ̀, ó di Olórí adélé fún BBC Hausa ti ó wà fún ìṣàkóso iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ ẹ̀ka náà pẹ̀lú ìṣàkóso àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní London àti Àbújá.


== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>636904</id>
      <parentid>636903</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:21:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apoti idanimo</comment>
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      <text bytes="2279" sha1="io8jh3tidufrcojr9qwmve3k0k3ji2p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Jamilah Tangaza|nationality=Nàìjíríà|years active=Akọ̀royìn}}

'''Jamilah Tangaza''' jẹ́ akọ̀royìn àti oníṣẹ́-ẹọ̀rọ ọmọ orílè èdè Nàìjíríà orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀royìn tẹ́lẹ̀ rí fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ìroyìn BBC, níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní àwọn ipò lóríṣìíríṣìí kí ó tó di Olórí Ẹ̀ka Ìroyìn Èdè Hausa. Tangaza jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism ní Yunifásítì ti Oxford àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Chartered Management Institute ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ati Ẹ̀kọ́==
Wọ́n bí Tangaza ní ọjọ́ Kọkànlélógún oṣù Kàrún-ún ọdún 1971 ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kano, àríwá Nàìjíríà. Ó kàwé ní Yunifásítì ti Bayero àti Ilé-Ẹ̀kọ́ ti London. Ní ọdún 2013, wọ́n yan án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ilé-Iṣẹ́ Ìmọ̀-Ẹ̀rọ Ìṣàkóso Ilẹ̀ ti Àbújá.

==Iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ akọ̀ròyìn ==
Tangaza bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC World Service gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde ìroyìn ní ọdún 1992, níbi tí ó ti ṣe atunṣe àti ìgbéjáde àwọn ètò loríṣìír fún BBC Hausa Service. Ó sí di Àgbà Olùgbéjáde ní ọdún 1994, ipò tí ó fun ní àǹfààní lati máa tọ́jú àti ṣàkóso ìgbéjáde àwọn akọ̀royìn ní ẹ̀ka Ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti Apá-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn.
Ó tún bá àwọn ẹ̀ka mìíràn nínú BBC ṣiṣẹ́, nígbà púpọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣe àti olùgbéjáde àwọn ètò bíi Outlook, àti àwọn tí ó dá lórí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà bíi Focus on Africa àti Network Africa.

Lẹ́yìn ọdún méjì tí wọ́n dá ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC sí Àbújá ní ọdún 2004, wọ́n fi Tangaza sípò gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olótuutú BBC ní Àbújá fún ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ àti ojúṣe láti ṣètò àti láti ṣàkóso gbogbo ìroyìn ti BBC láti Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tó ṣe díẹ̀, ó di Olórí adélé fún BBC Hausa ti ó wà fún ìṣàkóso iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ ẹ̀ka náà pẹ̀lú ìṣàkóso àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní London àti Àbújá.


== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>636915</id>
      <parentid>636904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:37:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Itokasi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2509" sha1="b5s6iq4hd0w5kpz5as0j00cgddf7v46" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Jamilah Tangaza|nationality=Nàìjíríà|years active=Akọ̀royìn}}

'''Jamilah Tangaza''' jẹ́ akọ̀royìn àti oníṣẹ́-ẹọ̀rọ ọmọ orílè èdè Nàìjíríà orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀royìn tẹ́lẹ̀ rí fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ìroyìn BBC, níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní àwọn ipò lóríṣìíríṣìí kí ó tó di Olórí Ẹ̀ka Ìroyìn Èdè Hausa. Tangaza jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism ní Yunifásítì ti Oxford àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Chartered Management Institute ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.&lt;ref name=&quot;r427&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Jamilah Tangaza | website=Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism | date=2011-06-20 | url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/jamilah-tangaza | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ati Ẹ̀kọ́==
Wọ́n bí Tangaza ní ọjọ́ Kọkànlélógún oṣù Kàrún-ún ọdún 1971 ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kano, àríwá Nàìjíríà. Ó kàwé ní Yunifásítì ti Bayero àti Ilé-Ẹ̀kọ́ ti London. Ní ọdún 2013, wọ́n yan án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ilé-Iṣẹ́ Ìmọ̀-Ẹ̀rọ Ìṣàkóso Ilẹ̀ ti Àbújá.

==Iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ akọ̀ròyìn ==
Tangaza bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC World Service gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde ìroyìn ní ọdún 1992, níbi tí ó ti ṣe atunṣe àti ìgbéjáde àwọn ètò loríṣìír fún BBC Hausa Service. Ó sí di Àgbà Olùgbéjáde ní ọdún 1994, ipò tí ó fun ní àǹfààní lati máa tọ́jú àti ṣàkóso ìgbéjáde àwọn akọ̀royìn ní ẹ̀ka Ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti Apá-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn.
Ó tún bá àwọn ẹ̀ka mìíràn nínú BBC ṣiṣẹ́, nígbà púpọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣe àti olùgbéjáde àwọn ètò bíi Outlook, àti àwọn tí ó dá lórí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà bíi Focus on Africa àti Network Africa.

Lẹ́yìn ọdún méjì tí wọ́n dá ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC sí Àbújá ní ọdún 2004, wọ́n fi Tangaza sípò gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olótuutú BBC ní Àbújá fún ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ àti ojúṣe láti ṣètò àti láti ṣàkóso gbogbo ìroyìn ti BBC láti Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tó ṣe díẹ̀, ó di Olórí adélé fún BBC Hausa ti ó wà fún ìṣàkóso iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ ẹ̀ka náà pẹ̀lú ìṣàkóso àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní London àti Àbújá.


== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>636918</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:45:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
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      <text bytes="2774" sha1="bgxnykik7vs2ibb44gb3g96imabkfgg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Jamilah Tangaza|nationality=Nàìjíríà|years active=Akọ̀royìn}}

'''Jamilah Tangaza''' jẹ́ akọ̀royìn àti oníṣẹ́-ẹọ̀rọ ọmọ orílè èdè Nàìjíríà orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀royìn tẹ́lẹ̀ rí fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ìroyìn BBC, níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní àwọn ipò lóríṣìíríṣìí kí ó tó di Olórí Ẹ̀ka Ìroyìn Èdè Hausa. Tangaza jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism ní Yunifásítì ti Oxford àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Chartered Management Institute ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.&lt;ref name=&quot;r427&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Jamilah Tangaza | website=Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism | date=2011-06-20 | url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/jamilah-tangaza | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ati Ẹ̀kọ́==
Wọ́n bí Tangaza ní ọjọ́ Kọkànlélógún oṣù Kàrún-ún ọdún 1971 ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kano, àríwá Nàìjíríà. Ó kàwé ní Yunifásítì ti Bayero àti Ilé-Ẹ̀kọ́ ti London. Ní ọdún 2013, wọ́n yan án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ilé-Iṣẹ́ Ìmọ̀-Ẹ̀rọ Ìṣàkóso Ilẹ̀ ti Àbújá.

==Iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ akọ̀ròyìn ==
Tangaza bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC World Service gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde ìroyìn ní ọdún 1992, níbi tí ó ti ṣe atunṣe àti ìgbéjáde àwọn ètò loríṣìír fún BBC Hausa Service. Ó sí di Àgbà Olùgbéjáde ní ọdún 1994, ipò tí ó fun ní àǹfààní lati máa tọ́jú àti ṣàkóso ìgbéjáde àwọn akọ̀royìn ní ẹ̀ka Ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti Apá-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn.&lt;ref name=&quot;m470&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Akinboade | first=Laide | title=Bala Mohammed appoints Tangaza AGIS boss | website=Vanguard News | date=2013-04-01 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/bala-mohammed-appoints-tangaza-agis-boss/ | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ó tún bá àwọn ẹ̀ka mìíràn nínú BBC ṣiṣẹ́, nígbà púpọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣe àti olùgbéjáde àwọn ètò bíi Outlook, àti àwọn tí ó dá lórí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà bíi Focus on Africa àti Network Africa.

Lẹ́yìn ọdún méjì tí wọ́n dá ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC sí Àbújá ní ọdún 2004, wọ́n fi Tangaza sípò gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olótuutú BBC ní Àbújá fún ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ àti ojúṣe láti ṣètò àti láti ṣàkóso gbogbo ìroyìn ti BBC láti Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tó ṣe díẹ̀, ó di Olórí adélé fún BBC Hausa ti ó wà fún ìṣàkóso iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ ẹ̀ka náà pẹ̀lú ìṣàkóso àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní London àti Àbújá.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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'''Jamilah Tangaza''' jẹ́ akọ̀royìn àti oníṣẹ́-ẹọ̀rọ ọmọ orílè èdè Nàìjíríà orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀royìn tẹ́lẹ̀ rí fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ìroyìn BBC, níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní àwọn ipò lóríṣìíríṣìí kí ó tó di Olórí Ẹ̀ka Ìroyìn Èdè Hausa. Tangaza jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism ní Yunifásítì ti Oxford àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Chartered Management Institute ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.&lt;ref name=&quot;r427&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Jamilah Tangaza | website=Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism | date=2011-06-20 | url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/jamilah-tangaza | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ati Ẹ̀kọ́==
Wọ́n bí Tangaza ní ọjọ́ Kọkànlélógún oṣù Kàrún-ún ọdún 1971 ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kano, àríwá Nàìjíríà. Ó kàwé ní Yunifásítì ti Bayero àti Ilé-Ẹ̀kọ́ ti London. Ní ọdún 2013, wọ́n yan án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ilé-Iṣẹ́ Ìmọ̀-Ẹ̀rọ Ìṣàkóso Ilẹ̀ ti Àbújá.

==Iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́bi akọ̀ròyìn ==
Tangaza bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC World Service gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde ìroyìn ní ọdún 1992, níbi tí ó ti ṣe atunṣe àti ìgbéjáde àwọn ètò loríṣìír fún BBC Hausa Service. Ó sí di Àgbà Olùgbéjáde ní ọdún 1994, ipò tí ó fun ní àǹfààní lati máa tọ́jú àti ṣàkóso ìgbéjáde àwọn akọ̀royìn ní ẹ̀ka Ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti Apá-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn.&lt;ref name=&quot;m470&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Akinboade | first=Laide | title=Bala Mohammed appoints Tangaza AGIS boss | website=Vanguard News | date=2013-04-01 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/bala-mohammed-appoints-tangaza-agis-boss/ | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ó tún bá àwọn ẹ̀ka mìíràn nínú BBC ṣiṣẹ́, nígbà púpọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣe àti olùgbéjáde àwọn ètò bíi Outlook, àti àwọn tí ó dá lórí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà bíi Focus on Africa àti Network Africa.

Lẹ́yìn ọdún méjì tí wọ́n dá ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC sí Àbújá ní ọdún 2004, wọ́n fi Tangaza sípò gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olótuutú BBC ní Àbújá fún ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ àti ojúṣe láti ṣètò àti láti ṣàkóso gbogbo ìroyìn ti BBC láti Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tó ṣe díẹ̀, ó di Olórí adélé fún BBC Hausa ti ó wà fún ìṣàkóso iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ ẹ̀ka náà pẹ̀lú ìṣàkóso àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní London àti Àbújá.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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'''Jamilah Tangaza''' jẹ́ akọ̀royìn àti oníṣẹ́-ẹọ̀rọ ọmọ orílè èdè Nàìjíríà orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀royìn tẹ́lẹ̀ rí fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ìroyìn BBC, níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní àwọn ipò lóríṣìíríṣìí kí ó tó di Olórí Ẹ̀ka Ìroyìn Èdè Hausa. Tangaza jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism ní Yunifásítì ti Oxford àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Chartered Management Institute ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.&lt;ref name=&quot;r427&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Jamilah Tangaza | website=Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism | date=2011-06-20 | url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/jamilah-tangaza | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ati Ẹ̀kọ́==
Wọ́n bí Tangaza ní ọjọ́ Kọkànlélógún oṣù Kàrún-ún ọdún 1971 ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kano, àríwá Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;n545&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Islamic Hausa Tradition And Western Education Can Co-exist | website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News | date=2015-06-28 | url=https://guardian.ng/news/islamic-hausa-tradition-and-western-education-can-co-exist-tangaza/ | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó kàwé ní Yunifásítì ti Bayero àti Ilé-Ẹ̀kọ́ ti London. Ní ọdún 2013, wọ́n yan án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ilé-Iṣẹ́ Ìmọ̀-Ẹ̀rọ Ìṣàkóso Ilẹ̀ ti Àbújá.

==Iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́bi akọ̀ròyìn ==
Tangaza bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC World Service gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde ìroyìn ní ọdún 1992, níbi tí ó ti ṣe atunṣe àti ìgbéjáde àwọn ètò loríṣìír fún BBC Hausa Service. Ó sí di Àgbà Olùgbéjáde ní ọdún 1994, ipò tí ó fun ní àǹfààní lati máa tọ́jú àti ṣàkóso ìgbéjáde àwọn akọ̀royìn ní ẹ̀ka Ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti Apá-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn.&lt;ref name=&quot;m470&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Akinboade | first=Laide | title=Bala Mohammed appoints Tangaza AGIS boss | website=Vanguard News | date=2013-04-01 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/bala-mohammed-appoints-tangaza-agis-boss/ | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ó tún bá àwọn ẹ̀ka mìíràn nínú BBC ṣiṣẹ́, nígbà púpọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣe àti olùgbéjáde àwọn ètò bíi Outlook, àti àwọn tí ó dá lórí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà bíi Focus on Africa àti Network Africa.

Lẹ́yìn ọdún méjì tí wọ́n dá ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC sí Àbújá ní ọdún 2004, wọ́n fi Tangaza sípò gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olótuutú BBC ní Àbújá fún ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ àti ojúṣe láti ṣètò àti láti ṣàkóso gbogbo ìroyìn ti BBC láti Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tó ṣe díẹ̀, ó di Olórí adélé fún BBC Hausa ti ó wà fún ìṣàkóso iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ ẹ̀ka náà pẹ̀lú ìṣàkóso àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní London àti Àbújá.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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'''Jamilah Tangaza''' jẹ́ akọ̀royìn àti oníṣẹ́-ẹọ̀rọ ọmọ orílè èdè Nàìjíríà orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀royìn tẹ́lẹ̀ rí fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ìroyìn BBC, níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní àwọn ipò lóríṣìíríṣìí kí ó tó di Olórí Ẹ̀ka Ìroyìn Èdè Hausa. Tangaza jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism ní Yunifásítì ti Oxford àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Chartered Management Institute ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.&lt;ref name=&quot;r427&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Jamilah Tangaza | website=Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism | date=2011-06-20 | url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/people/jamilah-tangaza | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ati Ẹ̀kọ́==
Wọ́n bí Tangaza ní ọjọ́ Kọkànlélógún oṣù Kàrún-ún ọdún 1971 ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kano, àríwá Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;n545&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Islamic Hausa Tradition And Western Education Can Co-exist | website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News | date=2015-06-28 | url=https://guardian.ng/news/islamic-hausa-tradition-and-western-education-can-co-exist-tangaza/ | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó kàwé ní Yunifásítì ti Bayero àti Ilé-Ẹ̀kọ́ ti London. Ní ọdún 2013, wọ́n yan án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olórí Ilé-Iṣẹ́ Ìmọ̀-Ẹ̀rọ Ìṣàkóso Ilẹ̀ ti Àbújá.

==Iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́bi akọ̀ròyìn ==
Tangaza bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC World Service gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde ìroyìn ní ọdún 1992, níbi tí ó ti ṣe atunṣe àti ìgbéjáde àwọn ètò loríṣìír fún BBC Hausa Service. Ó sí di Àgbà Olùgbéjáde ní ọdún 1994, ipò tí ó fun ní àǹfààní lati máa tọ́jú àti ṣàkóso ìgbéjáde àwọn akọ̀royìn ní ẹ̀ka Ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti Apá-Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn.&lt;ref name=&quot;m470&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Akinboade | first=Laide | title=Bala Mohammed appoints Tangaza AGIS boss | website=Vanguard News | date=2013-04-01 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/bala-mohammed-appoints-tangaza-agis-boss/ | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ó tún bá àwọn ẹ̀ka mìíràn nínú BBC ṣiṣẹ́, nígbà púpọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùṣe àti olùgbéjáde àwọn ètò bíi Outlook, àti àwọn tí ó dá lórí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà bíi Focus on Africa àti Network Africa.

Lẹ́yìn ọdún méjì tí wọ́n dá ilé-iṣẹ́ BBC sí Àbújá ní ọdún 2004, wọ́n fi Tangaza sípò gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olótuutú BBC ní Àbújá fún ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ àti ojúṣe láti ṣètò àti láti ṣàkóso gbogbo ìroyìn ti BBC láti Nàìjíríà. Nígbà tó ṣe díẹ̀, ó di Olórí adélé fún BBC Hausa ti ó wà fún ìṣàkóso iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ ẹ̀ka náà pẹ̀lú ìṣàkóso àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ní London àti Àbújá.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ará Nàìjíríà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]</text>
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    <title>Layipo</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T15:02:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367808965|Layipo]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="868" sha1="7zsah5fggzjz4aa7wkzfiudqttfxiqf" xml:space="preserve">'''Ilé gogoro Layipo''' tàbí '''Laipo''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Ilé Gogoro Bower''', jẹ́ ilé gogoro tí a mọ̀ dáadáa tí ó wà ní Oke-Are ní [[Ìbàdàn|Ibadan]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Ìpínlẹ̀ Oyo]], ní gúúsù ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Nàìjíríà]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;s163&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Tourism: Journey from Ibadan to Layipo|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|date=2021-01-02|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/tourism-journey-from-ibadan-to-layipo/|access-date=2024-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọ ile-iṣọ naa ni ọdun 1936 &lt;ref name=&quot;y260&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Layipo: The heritage of Ibadan|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|date=2019-05-01|url=https://www.thecable.ng/layipo-the-heritage-of-ibadan/|access-date=2024-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; lati ṣe iranti Captain Robert Lister Bower, Aṣoju ijọba Gẹẹsi akọkọ ni Ibadan.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
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      <comment>/* Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="71396" sha1="5assae5wzk3k42m5h5445a67u0hprn2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[rivet]]s for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Dungaree (fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[Jacob Davis (inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[rivet]]s rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[working class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[Fly (clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[Stonewashed jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[Details (magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣèmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[carpenter jeans]], [[bootcut jeans]], [[drainpipe jeans]] and [[Low-rise jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[Stone washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó [[distressing]], mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[Emilio Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Punk rock]] spearheads the [[Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[Punk subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[Iggy Pop]] láti [[The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
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[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[rivet]]s for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Dungaree (fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[Jacob Davis (inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[rivet]]s rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[working class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[Fly (clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[Stonewashed jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[Details (magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣèmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[carpenter jeans]], [[bootcut jeans]], [[drainpipe jeans]] and [[Low-rise jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[Stone washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó [[distressing]], mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[Emilio Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Punk rock]] spearheads the [[Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[Punk subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[Iggy Pop]] láti [[The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="71845" sha1="qmbahrcqv0kpwcq1qrpny7hinsrv898" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[rivet]]s for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Dungaree (fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
{{multiple image
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}}

Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[Jacob Davis (inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[rivet]]s rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[working class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[Fly (clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[Stonewashed jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[Details (magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣèmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[carpenter jeans]], [[bootcut jeans]], [[drainpipe jeans]] and [[Low-rise jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[Stone washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó [[distressing]], mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[Emilio Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Punk rock]] spearheads the [[Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[Punk subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[Iggy Pop]] láti [[The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="71890" sha1="r55oghrq1xnlh2ofdip9ngwroqrghh8" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[rivet]]s for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Dungaree (fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[Jacob Davis (inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[rivet]]s rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[working class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[Fly (clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[Stonewashed jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[Details (magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣèmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[carpenter jeans]], [[bootcut jeans]], [[drainpipe jeans]] and [[Low-rise jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[Stone washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó [[distressing]], mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[Emilio Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Punk rock]] spearheads the [[Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[Punk subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[Iggy Pop]] láti [[The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
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      <text bytes="72028" sha1="cdp27xzr1ydktzi61gqdm5h2yizas1y" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[Jacob Davis (inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[rivet]]s rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[working class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[Fly (clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[Stonewashed jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[Details (magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣèmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[carpenter jeans]], [[bootcut jeans]], [[drainpipe jeans]] and [[Low-rise jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[Stone washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó [[distressing]], mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[Emilio Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Punk rock]] spearheads the [[Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[Punk subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[Iggy Pop]] láti [[The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <id>636749</id>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <comment>/* Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) */</comment>
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      <text bytes="72164" sha1="n97i0mgvx7h1nskxj4b3br9oxrznkc1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[Stonewashed jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[Details (magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣèmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[carpenter jeans]], [[bootcut jeans]], [[drainpipe jeans]] and [[Low-rise jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[Stone washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó [[distressing]], mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[Emilio Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Punk rock]] spearheads the [[Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[Punk subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[Iggy Pop]] láti [[The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="72267" sha1="lrzl2p8lddmp5v7pbaa9yzmhtuqdlmy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[Details (magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣèmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[carpenter jeans]], [[bootcut jeans]], [[drainpipe jeans]] and [[Low-rise jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[Stone washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó [[distressing]], mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[Emilio Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Punk rock]] spearheads the [[Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[Punk subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[Iggy Pop]] láti [[The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <comment>/* Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún */</comment>
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      <text bytes="72329" sha1="5meo91ymiwhb9xo5wqz88bgb27di1ny" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[:en:Chuck_Roaste|Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[:en:Utility_patent|utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[:en:Details_(magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[:en:American_Graffiti|American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣèmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[carpenter jeans]], [[bootcut jeans]], [[drainpipe jeans]] and [[Low-rise jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[Stone washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó [[distressing]], mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[Emilio Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Punk rock]] spearheads the [[Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[Punk subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[Iggy Pop]] láti [[The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="72677" sha1="kvtti9sp5bgdh7al8q4kg82b8w57036" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[:en:Chuck_Roaste|Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[:en:Utility_patent|utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[:en:Details_(magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[:en:American_Graffiti|American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣàmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[:en:Dye|dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[:en:Denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[:en:Carpenter_jeans|carpenter jeans]], [[:en:Bootcut_jeans|bootcut jeans]], [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|drainpipe jeans]] and [[:en:Low-rise_jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[:en:Western_clothing|Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[:en:Shrinkage_(fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[:en:Stone_washing|stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[:en:Stone_washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó ( [[:en:Distressing|distressing]]) mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[:en:Emilio_Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[:en:Punk_rock|Punk rock]] spearheads the [[:en:Ramones|Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[:en:Punk_subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[:en:Iggy_Pop|Iggy Pop]] láti [[:en:The_Stooges|The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[:en:The_Ramones|The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[:en:Uniform|uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[:en:Do-it-yourself|do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[:en:Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[:en:Safety_pins|safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[:en:Grunge_fashion|grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[:en:Flannel|flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[:en:Pendleton_Woolen_Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[:en:Silicosis|silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="72845" sha1="1qlv70hgjs0xmpbdrr6q25vpixcktl2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[:en:Chuck_Roaste|Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[:en:Utility_patent|utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[:en:Details_(magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[:en:American_Graffiti|American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣàmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[:en:Dye|dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[:en:Denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[:en:Carpenter_jeans|carpenter jeans]], [[:en:Bootcut_jeans|bootcut jeans]], [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|drainpipe jeans]] and [[:en:Low-rise_jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[:en:Western_clothing|Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[:en:Shrinkage_(fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[:en:Stone_washing|stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[:en:Stone_washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó ( [[:en:Distressing|distressing]]) mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[:en:Emilio_Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[:en:Punk_rock|Punk rock]] spearheads the [[:en:Ramones|Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[:en:Punk_subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[:en:Iggy_Pop|Iggy Pop]] láti [[:en:The_Stooges|The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[:en:The_Ramones|The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[:en:Uniform|uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[:en:Do-it-yourself|do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[:en:Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[:en:Safety_pins|safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[:en:Grunge_fashion|grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[:en:Flannel|flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[:en:Pendleton_Woolen_Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[:en:Silicosis|silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[:en:Consensual|consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[:en:California_Senate|California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[:en:California_Assembly|California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[:en:Patricia_Giggans|Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[:en:Denim_Day|Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[:en:6th_World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   [[market (economics)|market]] ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù [[black markets]] àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <id>636783</id>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="72988" sha1="0ws911q7ljpwk4uymzqcubm2wiqwvdb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[:en:Chuck_Roaste|Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[:en:Utility_patent|utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[:en:Details_(magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[:en:American_Graffiti|American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣàmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[:en:Dye|dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[:en:Denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[:en:Carpenter_jeans|carpenter jeans]], [[:en:Bootcut_jeans|bootcut jeans]], [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|drainpipe jeans]] and [[:en:Low-rise_jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[:en:Western_clothing|Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[:en:Shrinkage_(fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[:en:Stone_washing|stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[:en:Stone_washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó ( [[:en:Distressing|distressing]]) mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[:en:Emilio_Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[:en:Punk_rock|Punk rock]] spearheads the [[:en:Ramones|Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[:en:Punk_subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[:en:Iggy_Pop|Iggy Pop]] láti [[:en:The_Stooges|The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[:en:The_Ramones|The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[:en:Uniform|uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[:en:Do-it-yourself|do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[:en:Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[:en:Safety_pins|safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[:en:Grunge_fashion|grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[:en:Flannel|flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[:en:Pendleton_Woolen_Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[:en:Silicosis|silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[:en:Consensual|consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[:en:California_Senate|California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[:en:California_Assembly|California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[:en:Patricia_Giggans|Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[:en:Denim_Day|Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[:en:6th_World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[:en:World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[:en:Soviet_government|Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   '[[:en:Market_(economics)|market]]' ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[:en:Capitalist|capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù ' [[:en:Black_markets|black markets]]' àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà '[[:en:Counterfeit_consumer_goods|bootlegging]]' sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[:en:History_of_the_Soviet_Union|history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] àti [[Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[Under Armour]], àti [[Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
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      <comment>/* Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé */</comment>
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      <text bytes="73103" sha1="r4nr6ag6hz6fy06ydqgn0lbxhn2m7jw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[:en:Chuck_Roaste|Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[:en:Utility_patent|utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[:en:Details_(magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[:en:American_Graffiti|American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣàmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[:en:Dye|dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[:en:Denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[:en:Carpenter_jeans|carpenter jeans]], [[:en:Bootcut_jeans|bootcut jeans]], [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|drainpipe jeans]] and [[:en:Low-rise_jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[:en:Western_clothing|Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[:en:Shrinkage_(fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[:en:Stone_washing|stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[:en:Stone_washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó ( [[:en:Distressing|distressing]]) mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[:en:Emilio_Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[:en:Punk_rock|Punk rock]] spearheads the [[:en:Ramones|Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[:en:Punk_subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[:en:Iggy_Pop|Iggy Pop]] láti [[:en:The_Stooges|The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[:en:The_Ramones|The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[:en:Uniform|uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[:en:Do-it-yourself|do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[:en:Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[:en:Safety_pins|safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[:en:Grunge_fashion|grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[:en:Flannel|flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[:en:Pendleton_Woolen_Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[:en:Silicosis|silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[:en:Consensual|consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[:en:California_Senate|California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[:en:California_Assembly|California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[:en:Patricia_Giggans|Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[:en:Denim_Day|Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[:en:6th_World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[:en:World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[:en:Soviet_government|Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   '[[:en:Market_(economics)|market]]' ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[:en:Capitalist|capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù ' [[:en:Black_markets|black markets]]' àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà '[[:en:Counterfeit_consumer_goods|bootlegging]]' sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[:en:History_of_the_Soviet_Union|history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[:en:Athleisure|athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] àti [[:en:Lululemon|Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[:en:Abercrombie_&amp;_Fitch|Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[:en:Activewear|Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[:en:Under_Armour|Under Armour]], àti [[:en:Adidas|Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[:en:Athleisure|athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]],tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì [[Sagging (fashion)|sagging]], tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
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      <text bytes="73199" sha1="d7yrwo568wt477wwk80tzdly9sonem1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[:en:Chuck_Roaste|Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[:en:Utility_patent|utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[:en:Details_(magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[:en:American_Graffiti|American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣàmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[:en:Dye|dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[:en:Denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[:en:Carpenter_jeans|carpenter jeans]], [[:en:Bootcut_jeans|bootcut jeans]], [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|drainpipe jeans]] and [[:en:Low-rise_jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[:en:Western_clothing|Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[:en:Shrinkage_(fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[:en:Stone_washing|stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[:en:Stone_washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó ( [[:en:Distressing|distressing]]) mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[:en:Emilio_Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[:en:Punk_rock|Punk rock]] spearheads the [[:en:Ramones|Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[:en:Punk_subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[:en:Iggy_Pop|Iggy Pop]] láti [[:en:The_Stooges|The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[:en:The_Ramones|The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[:en:Uniform|uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[:en:Do-it-yourself|do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[:en:Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[:en:Safety_pins|safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[:en:Grunge_fashion|grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[:en:Flannel|flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[:en:Pendleton_Woolen_Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[:en:Silicosis|silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[:en:Consensual|consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[:en:California_Senate|California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[:en:California_Assembly|California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[:en:Patricia_Giggans|Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[:en:Denim_Day|Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[:en:6th_World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[:en:World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[:en:Soviet_government|Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   '[[:en:Market_(economics)|market]]' ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[:en:Capitalist|capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù ' [[:en:Black_markets|black markets]]' àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà '[[:en:Counterfeit_consumer_goods|bootlegging]]' sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[:en:History_of_the_Soviet_Union|history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[:en:Athleisure|athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] àti [[:en:Lululemon|Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[:en:Abercrombie_&amp;_Fitch|Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[:en:Activewear|Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[:en:Under_Armour|Under Armour]], àti [[:en:Adidas|Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[:en:Athleisure|athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[:en:Bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[:en:High-waisted_jeans|High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ' [[:en:Low-rise_pants|low-rise jeans]]', tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[:en:Britney_Spears|Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[:en:Paris_Hilton|Paris Hilton]], [[:en:Gwen_Stefani|Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì ' [[:en:Sagging_(fashion)|sagging]]' , tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[Athleisure]]
* [[Baggy jeans]]
* [[Bell-bottoms]]
* [[Shorts#Daisy Dukes|Daisy Dukes]] 
* [[Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[Designer clothing#Designer jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="73310" sha1="le9mipj9fdm0079ygejz9cx0t9vthsv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[:en:Chuck_Roaste|Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[:en:Utility_patent|utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[:en:Details_(magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[:en:American_Graffiti|American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣàmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[:en:Dye|dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[:en:Denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[:en:Carpenter_jeans|carpenter jeans]], [[:en:Bootcut_jeans|bootcut jeans]], [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|drainpipe jeans]] and [[:en:Low-rise_jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[:en:Western_clothing|Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[:en:Shrinkage_(fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[:en:Stone_washing|stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[:en:Stone_washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó ( [[:en:Distressing|distressing]]) mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[:en:Emilio_Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[:en:Punk_rock|Punk rock]] spearheads the [[:en:Ramones|Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[:en:Punk_subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[:en:Iggy_Pop|Iggy Pop]] láti [[:en:The_Stooges|The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[:en:The_Ramones|The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[:en:Uniform|uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[:en:Do-it-yourself|do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[:en:Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[:en:Safety_pins|safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[:en:Grunge_fashion|grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[:en:Flannel|flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[:en:Pendleton_Woolen_Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[:en:Silicosis|silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[:en:Consensual|consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[:en:California_Senate|California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[:en:California_Assembly|California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[:en:Patricia_Giggans|Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[:en:Denim_Day|Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[:en:6th_World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[:en:World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[:en:Soviet_government|Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   '[[:en:Market_(economics)|market]]' ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[:en:Capitalist|capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù ' [[:en:Black_markets|black markets]]' àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà '[[:en:Counterfeit_consumer_goods|bootlegging]]' sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[:en:History_of_the_Soviet_Union|history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[:en:Athleisure|athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] àti [[:en:Lululemon|Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[:en:Abercrombie_&amp;_Fitch|Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[:en:Activewear|Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[:en:Under_Armour|Under Armour]], àti [[:en:Adidas|Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[:en:Athleisure|athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[:en:Bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[:en:High-waisted_jeans|High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ' [[:en:Low-rise_pants|low-rise jeans]]', tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[:en:Britney_Spears|Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[:en:Paris_Hilton|Paris Hilton]], [[:en:Gwen_Stefani|Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì ' [[:en:Sagging_(fashion)|sagging]]' , tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[:en:Portal:Fashion|Athleisure]]
* [[:en:Baggy_jeans|Baggy jeans]]
* [[:en:Bell-bottoms|Bell-bottoms]]
* [[:en:Shorts#Daisy_Dukes|Daisy Dukes]]
* [[:en:Denim_skirt|Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[:en:Designer_clothing#Designer_jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[:en:Jean_jacket|Jean jacket]]
* [[Jeggings]]
* [[Jorts]] (&quot;jean shorts&quot;)
* [[Mom jeans]]
* [[Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[Western wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="73401" sha1="t5jddvz8aom1xg58hnc9fqboanz635f" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jeans.jpg|thumb|Àwọn jíìnsì méjì]]
[[File:Blue_jeans_fading.png|right|thumb|Àwòrán aṣọ tí ó ti kóbó tàbí Sá]]

'''Jìínsì''' jẹ́ irú ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tí a fi aṣọ denim tàbí [[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|dungaree]] ṣe. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;jínsì&quot; tọ́ka sí irú ẹ̀yà ṣòkòtò kan pàtó, tí a ń pè ní &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot;, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn àpò òní rivets tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] fi kún un ní ọdún 1871 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention|journal=Nevada State Museum Newsletter|volume=36|issue=3|page=4|date=2006|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2013|archivedate=April 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Davis àti [[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]] sì fún gba ìwé àṣẹ ìjònlónté lórí rẹ ni oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1873. Kí a tó fún wọn ní ìwé àṣẹ, ọ̀rọ̀ &quot;jínsì aláwọ̀ búlúù&quot; ti wà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ aṣọ iṣẹ́ (pẹ̀lú sòkòtò, aṣọ ìbora, àti àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́), tí a fi aṣọ denim aláwọ̀ búlúù wúwo ṣe. 

Ní Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a ṣe àwọn sókòtò wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọwọ́ bí àwọn awakùsà tí wọ́n si fi rivets kún etí enu àpò wọn ní àwọn agbègbè [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] kí ó bá fi lè ní agbára sí. Àwọn sókòtò onígun mẹ́rin òde òní wọ̀nyí ni [[Marlon Brando]] àti James Dean so di gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù wọn ti ọdún 1950, pàápàá jùlọ ''[[:en:The_Wild_One|The Wild One]]'' àti ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó mú kí aṣọ náà di àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láàárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ oníṣọ̀nà greaser . Láti ọdún 1960 lọ, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì di ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ láàrín onírúurú àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọdé gbogbogbòò. Lóde òní, wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà sòkòtò tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní àṣà àwọn èyàn ìwọ̀ oòrùn . Àwọn orúkọ ìtajà tí wọ́n ní ìtàn lẹ́yìn ní [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi's, Lee]], àti [[:en:Wrangler_(jeans)|Wrangler]].

== Ìtàn ==
===Ìrépé Aṣọ ===

[[File:Manifattura genovese, abito da festa in tela di genova (jeans), 1850-1900 ca..JPG|thumb|180px|A traditional women's Genoese dress in &quot;blue jeans&quot; (1890s). [[:en:Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria|Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria]], [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]], Italy.]]

Àwọn aṣọ owú tí wọ́n rẹ ni aró Èlu [[:en:Indigo_dye#History|Indigo dyed]] ní won ń tí n pèlò tí wọ́n ń sì ń tàá ní ilé India fún bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọdún sẹ́yìn, kí ó tó di wípé ni ìrépé aṣọ owú Aláró èlu wá di mimo sì àgbáyé ní nkan bi, Ọ̀rùndún kejìdínlógún (18th century) gẹgẹbi ‘''blue goods''’ ni èdè Gèésì, tàbí ‘''guinée''’ ni èdè Faransé, tí ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan gbòógì lára àwọn nkan ọjà tí òun gba orí omi Indian, àti ara ǹkan títà nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí òun kò àwọn ẹrú kọjá lórí omi Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Textiles in the Slave Trade |url=https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/trajecten-van-de-reis-en/afrika-en/samenstelling-cargazoen/textiel-slavenhandel/?lang=en |access-date=2026-02-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Kazuo |date=2013-06-27 |title=Indian cotton textiles in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy - Africa at LSE |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/27/indian-cotton-textiles-in-the-eighteenth-century-atlantic-economy/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=Africa at LSE - LSE’s engagement with Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òpò àwọn aṣọ olómi èlu ([[:en:Indigo|indigo]]) tí wọ́n n tá, ní o wa lati ibi oko ọ̀gbìn indigo ni India, kí ó tó di wípé ni wọn bèrè sí mi ṣe àtowodá àwò aró èlu ní orílẹ̀ èdè Germany ni Ọdún 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |title=The synthesis of indigo |publisher=Ingenious.org.uk |access-date=October 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&amp;Param=1&amp;SubParam=1&amp;Content=1&amp;ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&amp;ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&amp;MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí wọ́n ṣe lórí rírà àti títa Ìrépé Aṣọ Jìínsì òun ló fi hàn wípé ni agbègbè ìlú [[:en:Genoa|Genoa]],ni ọrílé-èdè Italy, ní ǹkan bí ọ̀rúndún érìndínlógún (16th century) óun ni ó ti jeyo,  tí [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], ni ọrílé-èdè faransé sì tẹ́lẹ̀, ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún  (17th century). Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí ìlú Genoa òun ni ó jẹ́ Ìrépé Aṣọ [[:en:Fustian|fustian]] tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe bí &quot;medium quality and of reasonable cost&quot;, aso tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá tí ó sì nípon ni ìwọ̀nba Pẹ̀lú àfijo aṣọ Olówu [[:en:Corduroy|corduroy]] lèyí ti o jẹ ki ìlú Genoa ni orúkọ ni Àgbáyé, gẹgẹbi ask na ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n lè wò fi ṣe iṣẹ́ gbọgbọ. Ọmọ ogun orí omi [[:en:Genoese_navy|Genoese navy]] pèsè aso òun na fún àwọn awakọ̀ ojú omi wọn, gẹgẹbi wọn ṣe nílò aso tí ó ṣe wọ bóyá ó tutù tàbí ó wà ní gbígbé. Gênes, orúkọ Genoa ni èdè Faransé, òun ni ó jẹ́ ipilese orúkọ jìínsì òun.[[Wikt:jeans|jeans]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning of the Name |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jean |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Nîmes, àwọn ahunṣọ won gbìyànjú láti ṣe èèdà Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì na sugbon dípò kí wọ́n ṣe èèdà rẹ gélé bí ó ti ri, wọn ṣe àwárí Ìrépé aso òmíràn tí ó fi ara pé tí ó jẹ́ [[:en:Twill|twill]] tí a mọ̀ sí  'denim' , &quot;''de Nîmes&quot;'', ìtumò rẹ jẹ &quot;láti Nîmes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction |author-last=Howard |author-first=Michael C. |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-78648625-0 |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&amp;pg=PA235#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |title=Jeans |website=facweb.cs.depaul.edu |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aṣọ &quot;denim&quot; láti Nîmes's ṣe Súkúṣúkú, tí wọ́n sì káàkun aṣọ tí ó dára jùlọ tí wọ́n sì ń lọ fún ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ bí &quot;Smock tàbí overalls&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=23}} Ní ọdún 1576, ìdiwọ̀n aṣọ jìínsì Fustian &quot;jean fustians&quot; de si pápákò ojú ọmi Barnstaple Lori ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan láti from Bristol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=National Archives |title=Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple |date=February 18, 1576 |id=E 190/930/5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Closeup of copper rivet on jeans.jpg|thumb|left|Copper [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.]]

Ní bi àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) , Ìrépé Aṣọ jìínsì tí di pàtàkì nínú aṣọ tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àríwá ilé Italy ń wò. Èyí je àfihàn Ninu òpó àwọn àwòrán tí wọ́n yà ni àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (17th century) tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ayàwòrán kan tí ìnagije rẹ ni ayé òde òní ń sì ń jẹ Ògá Aṣọ jìínsì alaro búlù &quot;the Master of the Blue Jeans&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruber_2010&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page=10}} Àwọn àwòrán mewa òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn àìní pẹ̀lú bi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ṣe wọ Ìrépé aṣọ tí ó dà bí &quot;denim&quot;. Lai si tàbí ṣùgbọ́n, aṣọ òun ni yio je jìínsì ti orílẹ̀ èdè Genoese, tí ọwọ́ rẹ kò gúnpá púpò. Ìyàwórán [[:en:Genre_painting|Genre painting]] óun lọ di mímò ni àkókò igbẹyin ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) , tí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ó ní ìbátan pẹ̀lú ọlá nínú àwọn àwòrán na si gbé wọn sì ìfègbé-kègbé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán yókù tí àwọn na ṣe àfihàn irú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bé .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Welch |author-first=Evelyn |title=Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600 |date=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[:en:Dungaree_(fabric)|Dungaree]], tí ń ṣe irúfé aṣọ kan ní wón dárúkọ ni igba àkókò ọdun 1613,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Saris |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/voyageofcaptainj00saririch |title=The voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 |last2=Satow |first2=Ernest Mason |date=1900 |publisher=London : Printed for the Hakluyt Society |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe tokasi gẹ́gẹ́bi aso Calico ti ó yí Pẹ̀lú Súkúṣúkú lọ́wọ́ tí ó sì ń sábà má ń wá ní àwo búlù tàbí funfun tí ó ti sáwé tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ó rí ọwọ́ horí sábà má ń wo ni agbegbe [[Bombay]], ni abúlé Dongri ní èèbá ilé odò kan ní ilè India. Aso yí ni wọn pé ní &quot;dungri&quot; ni èdè [[Hindi]]. Wọ́n kò Dungri lọ sí ilé England tí wọ́n ń sìn lò wọ́n láti pèsè àwon aso ìṣiṣẹ́ tí kò wón púpò bí àwọn àwòtélè ([[:en:Overalls|overalls]]) . Ní èdè Gèésì, wọn pé &quot;dungri&quot; ní &quot;dungaree&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |title=Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric |author-last=William |author-first=Carrie |date=September 3, 2017 |publisher=Historyofjeans.com |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn oníṣẹ́ eto amáyéderùn oníṣẹ́ ogun ọri omi tí ilé US lọ àwọn aṣọ dungaree na gba ìgbà ògùn àgbáyé àkókó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Denim|denim]],òun ni ó gba ipò aṣọ dungaree, Ìrépé aso tí wọ́n so lórúko látàrí àwọn èyàn [[:en:Nîmes|Nîmes]], tí ó di gbajúmọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:Jacob_W._Davis|Jacob W. Davis]] bèrè sí mi ṣe jáde.

=== Ìṣó-Pẹlẹbẹ (Rivets) ===
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Èdè àpèjúwe ''jeans'' jeyo ni ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1795, ní ìgbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìfowopamó Swiss kan tí orúkọ rẹ ń jẹ [[:en:Jean-Gabriel_Eynard|Jean-Gabriel Eynard]] áti bùròdá rẹ Jacques Jo lo sí Genoa tí àwọn méjèèjì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si ni darí ìṣe òwò tí ó múyán. Ní ọdún 1800, àwọn ológun ilé [[:en:Massena|Massena]] wo inú ìlú Genoa, tí wọ́n sì fi wọn lé ọwọ́ Jean-Gabriel láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ọjà fún wọn. Ní pàtó, aṣọ ẹgbẹ́ tí wọ́n dá látara aso búlù kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;bleu de Genes&quot; lèyí ti wọn padà yọ òun ti wọn pé ní &quot;blue jeans&quot; káríayé ní òní.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt;

[[:en:Levi_Strauss|Levi Strauss]], gẹgẹbi ọ̀dọ́langba ọkùnrin ní ọdún 1851, ó kúrò ní Germany losi New York láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ ọkùnrin tí ó ń ṣe òwò ọjà títà. Ní ọdún 1853, ó kó lọ sí San Francisco láti lo ṣí ilé ìtajà tí ara rẹ. [[:en:Jacob_Davis_(inventor)|Jacob Davis]] jẹ́ aránso ti o sábà má ń rà òpò aṣọ láti ilé ìtajà [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co|Levi Strauss &amp; Co]]. wholesale house. Ní ọdún 1872, Davis kò ìwé sì Strauss pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti jẹ ki wọn jọ da ọkọ òwò papò láti gba iwe òntè lórí títa àwọn aṣọ rírán tí wọ́n fi irin èsó, àti ìdáàbòbò [[:en:Rivet|rivets]] rán.&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-last=Downey |author-first=Lynn |date=2007 |publisher=official Levi Strauss &amp; Co. historian |url=http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |title=A Short History of Denim |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ìrìn ìdáàbòbò (copper rivets) òun ni ó jẹ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn àpò ṣòkòtò àti àwọn ìpele tí ó lè tètè ya lára ewu, bí ìsàlẹ̀ ṣòkòtò, ẹnu àpò, abé ẹnu ìpèlé bótìnì. Strauss gba ìmọ̀ràn Davis's wọlé ,&lt;ref&gt;Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&amp;pg=PT17 ''Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World''], Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn na ni àwọn méjèèjì gba iwe òntè ilé US patent Pẹ̀lú nọ́mbà ìdánimọ̀ No. 139,121 fun mímú ìtẹ̀síwájú de ba ẹnu àpò ṣòkòtò &quot;Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings&quot; ni ọgúnjó oṣù kaarun ọdún 1873.&lt;ref&gt;{{US patent|139121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Photo étiquette Levi's 501.jpg|thumb|The classic label for Levi 501 jeans]]

Davis àti Strauss ṣe ìdánwò ìwádìí ìjìnlè pẹ̀lú orisirisi aṣọ. Àwọn Ìgbìyànjú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ni ṣe pẹ̀lú àwo aṣọ Ẹpọ́nrusù (brown) [[:en:Cotton_duck|cotton duck]], aṣọ kan tó nípọn .{{efn|Bottom weight Ó jẹ́ Ìrépé aso kan tí ó dára fún rírán ṣòkòtò àti síkéètì pants (a.k.a. bottoms). Kí ṣe wípé ni aṣọ òun ó nípọn tàrà be na ṣùgbọ́n ó wúwo jù òun ti wọn lé fi rán àwọn ask bí bùláùsì tàbí èwù.}} Denim je aṣọ kan tí ó dára fún rírán àwọn aṣọ iṣẹ́, wọn bèrè sí ń lọ wọn láti ṣe àwọn ṣòkòtò onírin &quot;riveted pants&quot;. Aṣọ denim ni àwọn Olùpèsè aṣọ tí ilé Amẹrikà pèsè. Gbajúmọ̀ ìtàn àtenudénu se àṣìṣe pẹ̀lú wipe ni lati ile Nîmes ni wọ́n ti ko wá . Ìtàn àtenudénu míràn tún so wipe ni Strauss ń kókó tá àwọn ṣòkòtò aláwò Ẹpọ́nrusù fún àwọn awakùsà, tí wọ́n padà kùún ni àwò aró búlù, tí wọ́n sì yípadà sì lílọ aṣọ denim, tí ó sì jẹ́ wí pé lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Davis kò ìwé sì ni ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi irin ìdáàbòbò rivets kún .&lt;ref name=&quot;Downey_2007&quot;/&gt;

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Strauss kan je aṣọ tí ónípon tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìle isé [[:en:Working_class|factory workers]], awakùsà, àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn adaranjè ń wò káàkiri àwọn agbègbè apá ìwọ òòrùn Ariwa ilé Amẹrikà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Hobson |author-first=John |date=July 1, 2013 |title=To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion |journal=Occupational Medicine |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=317–319 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqt079 |pmid=23837074 |issn=0962-7480 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |title=A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic |work=Mother Earth News |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àwọn àkókò yí , ṣòkòtò àwọn ọkùnrin òun ni ó ní ojú Sípù [[:en:Fly_(clothing)|fly]] sì ọwọ́ iwájú, tí sòkòtò àwọn obìnrin sì ni ojú Sípù sì ègbẹ́ apá òsì. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |title=Style: August 2015 |work=New Orleans Living Magazine |access-date=March 17, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí [[:en:Levi_Strauss_&amp;_Co.|Levi Strauss &amp; Co.]] gbá ìwé àṣẹ ṣòkòtò jìínsì ìgbàlódé tí wọ́n pèsè púpò re ni Ọdún 1873, àpò ṣòkòtò méjì ni ó wà ní owó iwájú pẹ̀lú àpò ìlèmóra ni apá ọ̀tún ni ọwọ́ èyìn tí wọ́n fi èso pẹlẹbẹ  onírin bàbà (copper rivets) sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;/&gt; Àpò kékeré ònírin rífẹ́ẹ̀tì bàbà óun ni Levi Strauss kókó fi sì ṣòkòtò jìínsì wọn ní àwọn ìparí ọdún 1870s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |title=Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider |website=[[Insider.com]] |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìtẹ̀síwájú látìgbàdégbà ní àwọn ǹkan bi ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó sẹ́yìn ===

Ní Odún 1901, Levi Strauss fi àpò apá òsì ni ọwọ́ èyìn sì ara ṣòkòtò òní bọ́tìnì ọwọ́ iwájú wọn tí 501 model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |title=Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss &amp; Co |date=January 12, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleyi lọ je Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣòkòtò òde òní yìí tí a mọ̀ tí òun má ń ní àpò méjì ńlá àti kékeré kan ni iwájú, pẹ̀lú méjì ńlá mi lẹ́yìn tí àpapọ̀ àpò sì jẹ́ márùn.

Dídì gbajúmọ̀ àwọn aṣọ &quot;waist overalls&quot;, gẹ́gẹ́bí atúnṣe mòó si aṣọ jìínsì gbèrègèjigè sì ni àkókò ogun àgbáyé [[World War II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Schellinger | first=A. | title=Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 | access-date=January 29, 2024 | page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni ìgbà tí yíò fi di ọdún 1960s, àti sòkòtò ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní o ti ni ojú ihò [[:en:Zipper|zipper]] ní owó iwájú. Àwọn àwòrán ìgbàanì fi hàn wípé ni kí o tó di wípé aṣọ jìínsì di aṣọ ológe, télèri, òun má ń fẹ́ ni gẹgẹbi aṣọ àwọ̀lékè [[:en:Overall|bib overalls]] sugbon ti oun kí ṣe &quot;bib&quot;. Ní títí òótọ́, títí di ọdún 1960, Levi Strauss gan fúnra lára rẹ ni òun pé àwọn aṣọ tí òun ṣe jáde gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;waist overalls&quot; dípò &quot;jeans&quot;.

Lẹ́yìn tí [[:en:James_Dean|James Dean]] so aṣọ jìínsì di gbajúmọ̀ nínú eré ìtàgé ''[[:en:Rebel_Without_a_Cause|Rebel Without a Cause]]'', wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun àmì ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní àkókò ọdún 1950s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first1=Lauren |author-last1=Cochrane |author-first2=Helen |author-last2=Seamons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |title=James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion &amp;#124; Fashion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anna Schober|Schober, Anna]] (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.&lt;/ref&gt; ni nkan bí ọdún 1960s, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà, ní ìgbà tí yíò fi ó di ọdún 1970, wiwo aṣọ jìínsì to di òun èṣó gbọgbọ ni ọrílé-èdè United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith_2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Smith |author-first=Nancy MacDonell |title=The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200356-5 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |access-date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&amp;pg=PT42 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Japan ni Ọdún 1977, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n kan ní ilé ìwé Yunifásítì [[:en:Osaka_University|Osaka University]] Philip Karl Pehda ba omobìnrin opé ìwé na wí nípa wiwo ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni yàrá ìkéko. Lẹ́yìn na, àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ ìwé ṣe ìwòde ìfièrò-inú hàn, lèyí tí ó fà àríyànjiyàn ni orile Ede ni ọdun na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |title=女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」 老教授硬是不准入課堂 |language=zh |date=May 27, 1977 |work=The Kung Sheung Daily News |access-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&amp;p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&amp;_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |title=大阪大学講師 過去にジーンズ姿の女子大生の受講を拒否 |date=April 9, 2011 |language=ja |work=NEWSポストセブン |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò denim ti wọn mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ ya bèrè sí mi di òun èso ní àwọn àkókò ọdún 1935 ninu awon apẹ̀rẹ̀ àfihàn Vogue's June issue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2/ |title=De Nimes |website=vice.com |date=March 11, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5gw8dd/de-nimes-000413-v20n2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Michael Belluomo, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ oluye ìròyìn wo fún ''Sportswear International Magazine'', Oct/Nov 1987, p.&amp;nbsp;45, kò ní ọdún 1965, Limbo, Yàrá ìta aṣọ kan ní apá iyo-òòrùn ni àwọn abúlé New York, jẹ́ alágbàtà ṣòkòtò jìínsì àkókò tí ó mọ̀ọ́mọ̀ fò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tuntun lójúnà áti je ki o funfun lójú, èrò òun di di òun ìtẹ́wọ́gbà. Ó tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú gbígba oníṣẹ́ ọnà ìwọ òòrùn&quot;[Limbo] ṣíṣé láti mọ ran àwọn àjákù Ìrépé aṣọ mo ṣòkòtò jìínsì gborogidi tí òun sì ń tàwón ni $200.&quot;
Ní àwọn ìbéèrè ọdún 1980s, ilé itaja ṣòkòtò denim ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò tuntun tí wọ́n ti ní ojú fífò [[:en:Stonewashed_jeans|stone-washing]] Ọ̀nà ara fífọ̀ òun ti GWG ṣe ìdásílẹ̀ rẹ, tí wọ́n tún mọ̀ sì &quot;Great Western Garment Co.&quot; Donald Freeland ti [[:en:Edmonton,_Alberta|Edmonton, Alberta]], òun ni ó gbé àsíá ọ́nà ara tuntun òun dání,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 8, 2009 |title=Levi's By the Numbers (Men's) |publisher=Worldflow Knowledge |access-date=December 31, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó rán ṣòkòtò denim lọ́wọ́ láti wo òpò àwọn ọjà mìíràn. Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ṣòkòtò jìínsì òun ni ó tẹ̀síwájú gba àwọn ọdún 1980s wo 1990s. Ní Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè gẹ́gẹ́bi ṣòkòtò isé, ṣòkòtò jìínsì di aso afé ni àárín àwọn ọ̀rúndún ọgúnjó. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jean genie: The denim evolution |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |author-first=Katya |author-last=Foreman |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113743/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ṣòkòtò jìínsì Levi' 501s óun ni won ṣe àfihàn wọn gbangba-gbanga nínú ìpele akọsílẹ̀ àwọn ṣòkòtò ''A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man'' ni Ọdún 1987 láti ọwọ́ ọníròyìn ìwé aṣọ ilé British, Paul Keers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Keers|first= Paul|date= 1987|title= A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man|location= London|publisher= Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|pages= 56–57|isbn= 9780297791911}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ni àwọn nkan ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún ===

Ní ọdún 2001, Olùranso Ara ilè Japanese kan [[:en:Chuck_Roaste|Chuck Roaste]] gba iwe ìjònlóntè ilé United States láti pèsè aṣọ iṣẹ́ [[:en:Utility_patent|utility patent]] èyí tí ó ṣe wọ ni ọ̀tún àti òdì tí òun ti fi orí ro láti nkan bí ọdún 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malone |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Chuck Roaste's New 'Guru' |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/denim-dish-chuck-roaste-s-new-guru-galey-still-in-red-valley-connects-the-dot-696964/ |journal=WWD |volume=187 |issue=35 |pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; wọn pèsè ṣòkòtò na ni abé orúkọ ìdánimọ̀ aṣọ Chuck Roaste label, aṣọ sòkòtò na ni ó ṣe àfikún àwọn èròjà, bí àpò, ojúbo zíípù, àti àwọn nkan èso ara ṣòkòtò mìíràn tí ó jẹ́ ki ṣòkòtò na le ṣé wò lójú àti ní òdì-kejì.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọdún 2007, ''[[:en:Details_(magazine)|Details]] Men's Style Manual'' yaa abala ojú ìwé kan fún ṣòkòtò jìínsì, pẹ̀lú ọ̀rọ̀ ìso pé, &quot;Wàyí óò, ní ìgbà tí aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì tí di ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gbogboogbò, kò sì òun ti burú nínú kí ó ní eya ṣòkòtò jìínsì méjì tàbí jùbélo&quot;. Tí O sì tún ṣe àpèjúwe ṣòkòtò Levi's 501s gẹ́gẹ́bi òun &quot;Iyì láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀&quot; àti gẹgẹbi &quot;kòsémááni ṣòkòtò&quot;. Àkọsílẹ̀ ìlànà ṣòkòtò pé ẹ̀yà sòkòtò jìínsì èyí tí wọ́n rán gboro gẹgẹbi sòkòtò Iyì ìgbàlódé tí òun fúni ni ìrísí ''[[:en:American_Graffiti|American Graffiti]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Peres|editor-first= Daniel|editor-link= Dan Peres|title= Jeans|encyclopedia= Details Men's Style Manual|year= 2007|publisher= Gotham Books|location= New York|isbn= 9781592403288|pages= 132–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìlànà Ìṣàmújáde ==

=== Pípa-Aṣọ-Láró ===
{{See also|Azo dye}}
[[Image:Indigo skeletal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]], the blue of blue jeans]]

Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pèpè, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn má ń rẹ [[:en:Dye|dye]] ni aró búlù pẹ̀lú lílọ Aró Ẹ̀lú ara ewé [[:en:Indigo_dye|indigo dye]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ denim ni ayé òde òní ni wọn ń fi àwọn Aró Ẹ̀lú àtawódá ṣe. Ọ̀kẹ́rẹ́ jùlọ, Ẹgbẹ̀rún Tọ́ọ̀nù Aró Ẹ̀lú ni won pèsè ni ọdọọdún fún rírẹ̀ aṣọ jìínsì, botilejepe ìwọ̀nba gíràmù ni won nílò láti rẹ aṣọ sòkòtò jìínsì kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Steingruber_2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Elmar |author-last=Steingruber |chapter=Indigo and Indigo Colorants |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2004 |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |location=Weinheim, Germany |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_149.pub2|isbn=3527306730 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún àwọn àwò aṣọ sòkòtò denim mìíràn, àwọn àwò aró mìíràn ni wọn nílò láti lò. Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn pèlò ni oríṣiríṣi àwò tí wọ́n bá fẹ́ pẹ̀lú òwú.

Fún àwọn òye àti ìmọ̀ nípa ríre aṣọ ni aró, ká síwájú sí ní ibí [[:en:Denim#Dyeing|denim]] àti níbi abala àríwísí Aró Atọwọ́dá.

=== Sáájú-Ìmúsúnkì ===
[[File:Group at Piazza del Popolo, Rome.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including [[:en:Carpenter_jeans|carpenter jeans]], [[:en:Bootcut_jeans|bootcut jeans]], [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|drainpipe jeans]] and [[:en:Low-rise_jeans|lowrise jeans]] (Rome, 2008)]]

Ní ọdún 1962, Levi Strauss ṣe àfihàn àwọn ṣòkòtò oní-Ìsúnkì (àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì Lee ati Wrangler tí wá ní oní-ìsúnkì tipé-tipé); àwọn eleyi ò súnkì lẹ́yìn rírà wọn, lèyí tí ó fún àwọn tí wọ́n bá ra ni àyè láti ra ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó jẹ́ dèdé wọn. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ti súnkì tí pò lára àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì ni òde òní. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009083805/http://levistrauss.com/sites/levistrauss.com/files/librarydocument/2012/8/2012-company-timeline-short.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2012 |title=Levi Strauss &amp; Co. Timeline |access-date=November 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì yí ni wọn mò ń gẹ́gẹ́bi àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì 505. Àwọn sòkòtò jìínsì 505s óun na fi ara jọ ṣòkòtò 501s Pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ ojú ihò zíípù. Ilé iṣẹ́ Levi's Corporation tún ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò slim boot-cut tí won ń pè ni 517 àti 527. Ìyàtò tí ń bẹ ní àárín àwọn méjèèjì ní pe 517s jòkọ́ ni orí ìgégérù ìdí ti 527s sì wà ní abé ilà-Ìbàdí. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na, Levi's ṣe àfikún àwọn ṣòkòtò mìíràn òmíràn-rán bí ṣòkòtò èyí tí ó fè, èyí tí ó tóbi, èyí tí ó fún ní ẹnu ẹsẹ̀.

=== Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n mú ìyípadà àrà dé bá lẹ́yìn rírán ===
[[File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ronald Reagan]] wearing stonewash denim associated with [[:en:Western_clothing|Western clothing]], 1970s]]

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n wuyì lójú ni wọn mú àyípadà ọ̀tún dé bá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gé, tí wọ́n sì rán wọn. Púpò nínú àwọn èwù tí wọ́n fi asọ denim rán ni wọn fò lójúnà áti lè mú àdínku de ba ìsúnkì [[:en:Shrinkage_(fabric)|shrinkage]] aṣọ na. Àwọn aṣọ denim tí wọ́n bá fò dadada ma ń jó aso tí wọ́n ti ń lọ fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Látàrí bí ewa rẹ, wọn tún mọ̀ lọ àwọn kẹ́míkà láti lè mú kí aṣọ denim fi ojú sísá hàn pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà àtọwọ́dá orisirisi bí [[:en:Stone_washing|stone washing]].

Lílọ àwọn kẹ́míkà &quot;[[:en:Stone_washing|acid wash]]&quot; láti fò aṣọ denim ni wọn ṣe pèlò fífi àwọn kẹ́míkà bí acryl resin, phenol, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids áti beebelo bóo.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Preis der Bluejeans'' documentary by Studio Hamburg 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Botilejepe Aṣọ jìínsì yíya tàbí yíya aṣọ lójúnà áti ṣe ní òsó ( [[:en:Distressing|distressing]]) mó ń wáyé bí aṣó bá ti gbó, ṣùgbọ́n ni ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn olùgbàtà aṣọ má ń yaá pẹ̀lú bi ó ṣe jẹ́ wí pé aso tí wọ́n bá yaa tàbí tí ó ní ojú gbígbó má ń tà kíá kíá. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, [[:en:Emilio_Pucci|Pucci]] ta &quot;embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans&quot; fún £600 (US$860).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Am I too old for ... ripped jeans? |author-first=Laura |author-last=Craik |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=11 |date=March 8, 2014 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |access-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194903/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4021673.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Ìyípadà aṣọ látàrí lílò ====

Bí ó bá pè, àwọn aṣọ denim yio bèrè sí ṣáá, lèyí tí àwọn kan ká kùn òun èsó lábé àwọn àpẹrẹ kòkan. Ní àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n wo, ojú sísá yio bèrè sí mi hàn lára àwọn aso na pápá jùlọ ní àwọn ibi tí ó bá ń rí lílọ ju. Ní ara ṣòkòtò jìínsì, àwọn apẹ̀rẹ̀ agbègbè be a má wá ní orí itan, ìgìtísè, àti àwọn agbègbè ẹyin orúnkún. Ara àwọn àmì apẹ̀rẹ̀ ìdámò ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun ti ṣáá ní wọ̀nyí:

* Ìté Oyin (honeycombs) àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ojú ìlà sísá lẹ́yìn orókún

* Àwòrán fífasẹ́yìn lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (whiskers) –Dídán lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ibi awẹ́ (crotch) tàbí itan aṣọ jìnnsì, tí ó sì máa ń jọ irun imú ológbò.

* Àrà kíkárí aṣọ jìnnsì sí orí bàtà (stacks) –  Bí aṣọ ṣe máa ń kárí sínú tí ó sì ń peléke sí orí bàtà rẹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;/&gt;

* Àrà Ìlà lórí Aṣọ Jìnnsì (train tracks) – Àwọn ìlà funfun meji tí ó máa ń farahàn lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ itan aṣọ jìnnsì lẹ́yìn fífọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapira2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|title=The Denim Jeans Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2018|author=Shapira, J.A.|date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064306/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/denim-jeans-guide/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Denim Fibers.jpg|Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope
File:Full Count Denim Fade.jpg|alt=|Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== Àwọn aso jìínsì tí wọ́n yaa lọ́nà òsó =====
[[File: Ramones rocket to russia photo.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[:en:Punk_rock|Punk rock]] spearheads the [[:en:Ramones|Ramones]] wearing distressed jeans.]]
[[File:Recording artist Leigh Jones entertained troops at Fort Belvoir 090501 (4920457551).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.]]

Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì denim tí wọ́n ya ni yíya òsó jẹyọ láti ara àṣà ìgbàlódé [[:en:Punk_subculture|punk]] ní ọdún 1970s. Àmọ́, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1970s tí [[:en:Iggy_Pop|Iggy Pop]] láti [[:en:The_Stooges|The Stooges]] ṣe àfihàn èrò aṣọ yíya nípa òsó ni ori ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbé olórin punk [[:en:The_Ramones|The Ramones]] ṣe imujade aṣọ yíya ni ònà ọ̀tún pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ tí ó fún móni lára tí wọ́n so di aso ẹgbẹ́ [[:en:Uniform|uniform]] wọn. Eleyi gangan ni ó ṣe àfihàn aso jìínsì yíya gẹ́gẹ́bi aṣọ àwọn olórin Punk ìgbàlódé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pleasekillme.com/ripped-jeans/  | title =”Ripped Jeans: From Kate Hepburn to Iggy Pop” | last = Jensen | first = Ingrid | publisher = Please Kill Me| date = 24  July 2019 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woodward D&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33728/1/iggy-pops-top-ten-style-fashion-moments| title =”Ten of Iggy Pop's Stylish Moments” | last = Woodward | first = Daisy | publisher = DAZED| date = 16  November 2016 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Botilejepe àwọn olórin punk kan so yíya òun ìwò di ifi èrò inú wọn hàn lórí Ìsèjoba alasuwada àti ojúkòkòrò àwọn olóko-òwò, ọ̀pọ̀ won ni wọn lọ gẹ́gẹ́bi nkan òsó àwọn tálákà àti gẹ́gẹ́bi ìtakò sì asa iwoso lèyí tí ó papò mo akomona àkọ́lé [[:en:Do-it-yourself|do-it-yourself]] tí àwọn èyàn punk tí wọ́n tako àwọn ìṣẹ́ kan. Gégébí èrò ayélujára &quot;Please Kill Me website&quot;, o se ni àlàyé wípé ni wiwo aṣọ yíya ṣe àfihàn ẹni tí òun ti àwọn ènìyàn so kò ní nkan ṣe pẹ̀lú rẹ tí ó òun ti oun mú inú ara ẹni dún sì jẹ́ òun ti o ṣe pàtàkì jù sí irú àwọn ènìyàn be.”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen I&quot;/&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1980s, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ṣe ìyípadà [[:en:Gentrification|gentrified]] èrò òun pẹ̀lú bi wọn ṣe ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn aṣọ tí ó ní Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí nínú wọn, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ki ìtumò àṣà tuntun punk di òtúbánté.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts/ |title=Distressed denim: a history |date=September 15, 2023 |access-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152020/http://www.thenewspaper.ca/the-arts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pickering E&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mtsusidelines.com/2022/04/18/the-history-of-ripped-jeans-through-the-decades/  | title =” The History of Ripped Jeans through the Decades” | last = Pickering| first = Ethan | publisher = MTSU Sidelines | date = 18 April 2022 | accessdate = 15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;Aso Denim di òkan gbòógì nínú àwọn aso àfojúsí fún ìlòdì sì àwòn àṣà ìwoso ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú bi ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ṣe bèrè sí ní wo aso èwù àti ṣòkòtò tí ó ní àwọn nkan òsó bí Pínnì Aláàbò, [[:en:Safety_pins|safety pins]], Abẹ́rẹ́ Olórí, àti àwọn àtẹ̀jáde Ọ̀rọ̀-ìpinnu. Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àṣà na ni ó tún di gbajúmọ̀ padà ní àwọn ọdún 1990s Pẹ̀lú bí aṣọ àṣà [[:en:Grunge_fashion|grunge fashion]] ṣe jẹyọ. Àwọn aṣọ grunge àwọn ọ̀dọ́ je aṣọ jìínsì tí ó tóbi tí wọ́n yà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àrà, èwù [[:en:Flannel|flannel]] tàbí Aṣọ ti wọ́n fi irun àgùntàn hun bí [[:en:Pendleton_Woolen_Mills|Pendletons]] tí wọ́n rán lórí aṣọ èwù. Ihà ìtàpá sí àṣà aṣọ wíwò òun ló sọ asa &quot;casual chic&quot; di gbajúmọ̀ títí wo àwọn ọdún 2000s.

=== Ipa lórí Àyíká àti fífi ìjé ọmọ ènìyàn Ẹ̀dá síwájú ===

Eyo aṣọ jìínsì aláwò búlù kan yio lọ ìwọ̀n omi {{Convert|3479|L|gal}} ni àkókò ayé rẹ. Eléyí pẹ̀lú àwọn omi tí wọ́n fi gbìn òwú, tí wọ́n fi ṣe aṣọ na àti gbogbo ìgbà tí ẹni tí ó rá yio fi fo aso na.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Changes in the Air - Stone-Washed Blue Jeans (Minus the Washed) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=San Francisco, California, US |date=November 1, 2011 |author-first=Leslie |author-last=Kaufman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |access-date=March 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070856/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/science/earth/levi-strauss-tries-to-minimize-water-use.html |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{anchor|Droptima}}Ní àkókò tí wọ́n ń bá ṣe aso jìínsì, dédé iye omi tí wọ́n má ń lọ tí wọ́n ń bá ń lọ ẹ̀rọ Pullman ń má ń to àádọ́rùn omi lítà kan fún jìínsì kan àmọ́ tí wọ́n lè dínkù Étàdínlógbòn lítà nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìgbàlódé &quot;frontloaders&quot; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=DROPTIMA vs. industrielle Standard-Verfahren |language=de |editor-first=Thomas Michael |editor-last=Klink |date=2022 |work=Droptima - The Ecological Washing Technology |publisher=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste |location=Salzgitter, Germany |url=https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710070514/https://droptima.eco/#vergleich |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ask fífọ̀ bí 'Droptima' Le mú àdínku dé bá dórí mítà omi mẹ́fà omi títún àti mítà omi mẹ́rìn omi àlòkù.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klink_2022&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IKU_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Droptima - Abwasserfreie Wasch-Technologie |language=de |date=2022 |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlruhe, Germany |department=IKU Newsroom |url=https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234901/https://www.newsroom-iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-newsroom/aktuelles/Kandidaten-2022/Klink.php |archive-date=July 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISI_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Klink Textile Pflege-Dienste: Kooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern bei technischen oder sozialen Innovationen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz – Preisträger 2022 |language=de |date=2022 |work=Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt (IKU) |publisher=[[Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI]] |location=Karlsruhe, Germany |url=https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |access-date=July 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710074925/https://www.iku-innovationspreis.de/iku-info/preistraeger/2022/klink.php |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dontscheff_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Unternehmen aus Salzgitter will zig Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser retten - Für eine Neuerung der Jeans-Produktion gab es den Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Umwelt. |language=de |author-first=Alexander |author-last=Dontscheff |date=May 30, 2022 |website=regionalHeute.de |department=Salzgitter |publisher=Medien für die Region GmbH |publication-place=Wolfenbüttel, Germany |url=https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710095859/https://regionalheute.de/salzgitter/unternehmen-aus-salzgitter-will-zig-millionen-kubikmeter-wasser-retten-salzgitter-1653913331/ |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpèsè àwọn aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàbí pé wọ́n ti lọ wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀ mo ń ní àwọn ìpalára fún àwọn àyíká wa, ìpalára òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ọ́nà tí wọ́n bá gba ṣe àwọn òun èlò tí wọ́n fi pèsè aṣọ na. Lilo Sandblasting áti sandpaper le fa àìsàn [[:en:Silicosis|silicosis]] fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́, ní Turkey, ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún (5,000) òun ni wọn ti lùgbàdì àìsàn yí, tí mẹ́rìndínláàdọ́ta (46) sì ti pàṣè àìsàn na kú. Awon ile ise ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì kan tí kéde ìfòfindè lílọ sandblasting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sandblasted jeans: Should we give up distressed denim? |author-first1=Cordelia |author-last1=Hebblethwaite |author-first2=Anbarasan |author-last2=Ethirajan |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=October 1, 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15017790 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710080446/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15017790 |archive-date=July 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtọ́jú àti Wíwò ==

Bótilèjépé òpò aṣọ jìínsì ni wọn ti súnkì láti ilé iṣẹ́, wọn si tún lè súnkì síwájú sí pẹ̀lú ìpàdánù àwò ara wọ látàrí fífọ̀. Ìpè iṣẹ́ aṣọ Levi Strauss gba ni ìmọ̀ràn láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì ni òpò ìgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=LS&amp;CO. UNZIPPED |title=Wash My Jeans? Hardly. |date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=September 12, 2026 |archivedate=September 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911121229/http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/wash-my-jeans-hardly |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eléyi àti àwọn ìmọ̀ràn miran láti mọ ṣe mọ fo aṣọ jìínsì òun ni wón rí àtakò. Cory Warren, olóòtú ìròyìn ni ''LS&amp;Co. Unzipped'', ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ àwọn àtakò won yí nínú àtẹ̀jáde èèsì rẹ kan:

{{blockquote|text= ìmọ̀ràn tí àwa fún yín ní pe ki ẹ mọ fòó ni èkòkan, àmọ́ ni inú ara yín, ẹ mọ oun ti ó tó. Ọjọ́ tí òrùn bá mú, ẹ sisé ìdọ̀tí? Edákun ẹ fọ aso yín ó. Ọjọ́ tí òtútù mú, isé ọ́físì ni ẹ ṣe? Bóyá ẹ lè wọ ni èmejì kí ẹ tó kó wọn lọ sínú èrò ìfoso fún fífọ̀. Ní tèmi, bí mo bá wo aṣọ lọ sí ibise ni ọjọ Etì tí ojú ọjọ́ sì tutù, mo sábà má tun wò ní ọjọ́ àbáméta. Tí òjò àbáméta bá sì jẹ́ èyí tí mo lò ní inú ilé, mo tún lè wọ ni ọjọ Àìkú.|sign=Corey Warren&lt;ref name=&quot;Wash My Jeans? Hardly&quot;/&gt;}}

Fún àwọn ẹlòmíràn tí wọ́n ó nífé sì fifo aso jìínsì wọn ní gbogbo ìgbà, àwọn ìmọ̀ràn Ìtọ́kasí kan sọ pé kí wọ́n sọ sínú fíríjì láti dènà àwọn kòkòrò tí wọ́n fa òórùn. Ṣùgbọ́n , ìmọ̀ràn yí ni ìwádìí ìjìnlè tí fi idi rẹ múlè pé irọ́ ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &amp;#124; Smithsonian |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2011/11/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111150041/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-myth-of-the-frozen-jeans-129092730/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |publisher=Blogs.smithsonianmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ ìpèléjó ==
===Èsùn ìfipá báni lòpò ní Italy ===


Ní [[Rome]], Italy, ní ọdún 1992, wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn ìfipá bánilòpò kan olùkọ́ni lókowà wá kan ọmọ ọdún aárùndínláàádọ́ta. Ni ìgbà tí ó gbé ọmọbìnrin ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún kan láti kọ́ ni ọkọ̀ wà ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, wọn fi èsùn kàán wipe ní o fi ipá bá lòpò fún wákàtí mẹ́rìn gbáko, lẹ́yìn na ni ó sọ fún pé bí ó bá sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni òun yio pa. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà na ni alẹ́, ọmọbìnrin na so fún àwọn òbí rẹ tí àwọn òbí rẹ sì gbà láti pèé ni ẹjọ́. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí adájọ́ tí dajo fífi ipá bánilòpò fun tán, ilé ejò gíga tí [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] ní Italy padà yí ìdájọ́ na padà ní ọdún 1998 pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé ọmọbìnrin na wo ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó fún Gádí-gádí. Wọn jiyàn pé,ọmọbìnrin na nílò láti rán lọ́wọ́ bo ṣòkòtò rẹ ni lèyí tí ó so di ìbálòpọ̀ àjọṣe [[:en:Consensual|consensual]]. Ile ejó so nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ pé &quot;ó jẹ́ òun mímò pé ó ṣòro láti bo ṣòkòtò jìínsì fífún bí kò bá sì ipa ẹni tí ó wọ níbè&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=Columbia Journal of European Law |date=2009 |url= http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |access-date=April 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828180548/http://www.cjel.net/online/16_1-faedi/ |archive-date=August 28, 2011 }} {{Cite journal |author-last=Faedi |author-first=Benedetta |title=Rape, Blue Jeans, and Judicial Developments in Italy |journal=GGU Law Digital Commons |volume=104 |pages=1–4 |url= https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=2009 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123342/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/pubs/104/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìdájọ́ ilé ejò òun fà awuyewuye púpò larin awon ajàfétó ọmọbìnrin. Ojo kan lẹ́yìn ìdájọ́ tuntun òun, àwọn obìnrin ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Italian Parliament]] tí Italy ṣe ìwóde Pẹ̀lú wíwo sòkòtò jìínsì pẹ̀lú Pátákó Ìfihàn tí wọ́n kó sì ni ara pé, &quot; Jìínsì: Kí ṣe Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú Òfin fun yíyóríbó nínú èsùn ìfipá bánilòpò&quot;gẹgẹbi ifi àtìléyìn hàn. Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àgbà Ilé California [[:en:California_Senate|California Senate]] áti ilé -Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Olómìnira ti [[:en:California_Assembly|California Assembly]] na si fi owó tí lẹ́yìn. [[:en:Patricia_Giggans|Patricia Giggans]], ẹni tí ṣe olùdarí àgbà fún  Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) ní Los Angeles sì so ọjọ́ denim [[:en:Denim_Day|Denim Day]] di ayẹyẹ olódodún. {{as of|2011}} ó kéré jù lọ, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ogún ni ọrílé-èdè U.S. Ní wón ti ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ denim nínú oṣù kẹrin. Wiwo aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjọ na ti di àmì ìfi èrò inú hàn tako àwọn ìhà be sì esun ìfipá bánilòpò. Ní ọdún 2008 ilé ejò àgbà tí Supreme Court of Cassation da ìdájọ́ tuntun òun nu, fún ìdí èyí, kò sì òun ti je lílọ Sokoto denim lọ́ wọò gẹ́gẹ́bi Ẹ̀rí Ìmúdájú nínú ejó ìfipá báni lòpò.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Italian court reverses 'tight jeans' rape ruling |url= https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/italian-court-reverses-tight-jeans-rape-ruling-26464014.html |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Richard |last=Owen |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=Irish Independent |location= Dublin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faedi_2009&quot;/&gt;

===Èsùn Rokotov-Faibishenko===
{{main|Rokotov-Faibishenko case}}

Ní ọdún 1957, ní àkókò ìgbà ayẹyẹ ọdún kẹfà àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti akẹ́kọ [[:en:6th_World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|6th World Festival of Youth and Students]] tí ó wáyé ní [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]] òde òní), àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti apá ìwò òòrùn ni wọn ṣe àfihàn wọn sì apá ọ̀dọ́ ilé Moscow tí ó sì dá akitiyan ńlá Kale lórí rírà rẹ tí wọ́n ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bi &quot;jeans fever&quot; ni igba na lóùń. Àwọn ènìyàn nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ṣòkòtò búlù apá ilé ìwọ òrùn ju aláwò aro dúdú tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní ilé wọn lọ. Nínú ìròrí àwọn adarí ilé Soviet, irú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ be ni ó tàbùkù ìje ara ile Soviet tí ó sì dabi ìjáwé olú borí ilé ìwọ òrùn lórí wọn. Ní ọdún 1961, àwọn onífàyàwó méjì kán, Y. T. Rokotov àti V. P. Faibishenko, ní owó bá fún ṣíṣe fàyàwó ọwọ́ ilé òkèrè láti òkè òkun àti àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì búlù àti àwọn ẹrù òfin mìíràn. Lábé Ìsèjoba [[Nikita Khrushchev]], àwọn méjèèjì ní wón dájó ikú fún tí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n.

== Àwọn òun tí ó gbòde ==
=== Ọjà ni Àgbáyé fún Jìínsì ===

Ariwa ilé America kó ìdá 39% nípa jìínsì rírà ni Àgbáyé, lẹ́yìn na ni ó kan apá ìwò ọrùn ilé Europe pẹ̀lú rírà 20%, Japan àti Korea jẹ́ 10% tí gbọgbọ ẹka nínú ayé sì kó ìdá 31% tí ó kù. &lt;ref name=&quot;worldwide denim market report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |title=World Denim Market – A Report on Capacities, Market Size, Forecasts etc |work=Denimsandjeans.com |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213525/http://www.denimsandjeans.com/latest-denim-reports/denim-data-figures/world-denim-market-a-report-on-capacitiesmarket-size-forecasts-etc/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ jìínsì ni Orílẹ̀ èdè United States na bíllíónù mẹ́rìnlá ọwọ́ Dollar (US$14 billion) lórí rírà jìínsì ni ọdun 2004 àti bíllíónù máárùndínlógbòn dollar (US$15 billion) ní ọdún 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sullivan_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Sullivan |author-first=James |title=Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon |date=August 17, 2006 |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-59240-214-4 |oclc=62697070 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn oníbàrá jìínsì ni ọrílé-èdè US ra bíllíónù mẹ́tàlá bélénjá méjọ dollar (US$13.8 billion) lórí aṣọ jìínsì ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ní ìparí oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2011, gẹgẹbi ìwádìí ọjà tí aájò NPD Group ṣe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author-last=Binkley |author-first=Christina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |title=How Can Jeans Cost $300? |date=July 7, 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802195001/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303365804576429730284498872 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet Union ===

Ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Soviet Union]], jìínsì je àmì ìgbẹ́ ayé àwọn ará ilé ìwò òrùn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; eré kìtà-kìtà láti ra aṣọ jìínsì tí wọ́n dàpé ni &quot;jeans fever&quot; ṣẹlẹ̀ ni ọrílé-èdè USSR ni Ọdún 1957 ni àkókò ayẹyẹ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[:en:World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students|World Festival of Youth and Students]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;/&gt; Gégébí àtẹ̀jáde àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn orúkọ aso ọdún 1961 ni Soviet, jìínsì ni wọn rí bí aṣọ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilé iṣẹ́ jìínsì Rokotov àti Fainberg ni won so lórúko olùgbèjà adájọ́ nínú ejò tí Rokotov–Faibishenko, Yan T. Rokotov àti Vladislav P. Faibishenko, tí wọ́n pa lábé èsùn ìṣe fàyàwó jìínsì &lt;ref name=&quot;rua&quot;&gt;Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ò fi ìfòfindè aṣọ jìínsì pátápátá, ṣùgbọ́n ask jìínsì ni ó ṣòro rí ní orílẹ̀ èdè Soviet union látàrí bi àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ilé Soviet tí àwọn na fẹ̀ ṣe ìfarawé àwọn gbajúgbajà òṣèré orí ìtàgé ilé ìwò òòrùn ṣe rí wọn bí àmì ìtakò. Ijoba ilé [[:en:Soviet_government|Soviet union]] tako ìṣòwò  ọjà aṣọ jìínsì nítorí bí yio se dabi ẹni wípé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún aṣọ jìínsì ni ọjà   '[[:en:Market_(economics)|market]]' ni ó mú wọn tẹríba, fún ètò orò Ajé [[:en:Capitalist|capitalist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ènìyàn sá akitiyan àti ipá wọn láti rí aso ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ìwò-òòrùn wo.  Èyí sì ṣe okunfa ìdásílẹ̀ ọjà gbàrogùdù ' [[:en:Black_markets|black markets]]' àti ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn àgbélèro ọjà '[[:en:Counterfeit_consumer_goods|bootlegging]]' sòkòtò jìíns lèyí tí ó padà nkan ńlá nínú ìwé ìtàn àṣà  [[:en:History_of_the_Soviet_Union|history of the Soviet Union]].ilé Soviet union&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-ọjà aṣọ ìdárayá ṣí aṣọ fásíònù nínú ètò ọrọ̀-ajé===

Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ń rà àwọn aṣọ ìgbàlódé bi [[:en:Athleisure|athleisure]] láti àwọn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso bí [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] àti [[:en:Lululemon|Lululemon]] dípò àwọn aṣọ denim classics láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aṣọ bí [[:en:Abercrombie_&amp;_Fitch|Abercrombie &amp; Fitch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |title=How Teens Are Spending Money |website=Business Insider |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[:en:Activewear|Activewear]] ní ọdún 2014 àkọsílẹ̀ rírà aṣọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́ wá ní nkan ni 28%, lèyí tí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè sì títí 6% ni Ọdún 2008. Ní ọdún 2014, Nike, Lululemon, [[:en:Under_Armour|Under Armour]], àti [[:en:Adidas|Adidas]] jẹ́ ara àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso tí wón gbájugbajà larin awon ọ̀dọ́. Àwọn alágbàtà aṣọ tí bèrè sí mú àdínku de ba iye tí wọ́n tá ọjà wọn. Bloomberg filéde pé  ilé iṣẹ́ ìpèsè aso Levi's dúró ṣinṣin pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n mo wọn mó (denim) dípò kí ó tẹ̀lé ojú òpó tuntun ti àwọn oníbàrá aṣọ sún sì. Látàrí èyí, ọwọ́ ọjà tí ń wọlé fún Levi's já wálẹ̀ láti bíllíónù méje Dollar (US$7 billion) sì bíllíónù Mẹ́rìn Bélénjá tondó méjọ (US$4.8 billion) ní ọdún 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Ashley |author-last=Lutz |url=http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |title=A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction |publisher=AOL |date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030095938/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2021, wọn ṣe àfihàn pé ìtẹ̀síwájú dé bá ọwọ́ tí [[:en:Athleisure|athleisure]] pa wọlé pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kùn bi 84% láti ǹkan bi oṣù kẹèta ọdún 2020 látàrí àtìmọ́lé ìdáàbòbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bottomley |first=Tom |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Athleisure orders rise by 84% since start of pandemic |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=TheIndustry.fashion |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145253/https://www.theindustry.fashion/athleisure-orders-rise-by-84-since-start-of-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àwọn àtúnṣe nípa ìrísí ṣòkòtò jìínsì ==

* Cigarette: Tí wón se lọ́nà tí yíò je ki o fún sugbon ko fún gádí-gádí mo itan àti gìgìtísè&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Cropped: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n gé ni ẹsẹ̀ tí kò gùn ju orí Kókó-ẹsẹ̀ lọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Relaxed&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Skinny: Sòkòtò tí wọ́n rán tí ó fún mo ara gádí-gádí&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: sòkòtò èyí je eyi ti o má ń dúró ní orí ìlà ìgégérù ìdí, tí ó sì má ń tobi níwònba soro láti orunkun de kókó ẹsẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhav_2020&quot;/&gt;
* Mom/Mum: Sòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má dúró ní orí òkè ìgégérù ìdí ti o si tobi ni ọwọ́ itan pẹ̀lú ẹnu ti o fún pò díẹ̀ ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Charlie Bell |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Boyfriend jeans vs mom jeans: what's the difference, and which is best for your style? |url=https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Woman and Home Magazine |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152043/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/mom-jeans-vs-boyfriend-jeans-whats-the-difference-386300/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Straight-leg: Awon ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí má ń wálẹ̀ sooro láti òkè de ìsàlẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Paul |title=What Are Straight Leg Jeans? (Explained) |url=https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Work Wear Command |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152044/https://workwearcommand.com/straight-leg-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Boyfriend: Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì eleyi má ń dúró ní orí ìka ìgégérù ìdí ti o si má ń tobi díẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;published&quot;/&gt;
* Flared, tàbí [[:en:Bell-bottoms|bell-bottomed]]: Ní òpò ìgbà, ṣòkòtò jìínsì irú èyí ma ń fún ní owó itan sugbon yio fe ni ọwọ́ ìsàlẹ̀ ẹsẹ̀ bèrè láti orókún.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2014 |title=The Difference Between Bootcut, Straight, Skinny, and Flare-Legged Jeans |url=https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Outfit Ideas HQ |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020152045/https://outfitideashq.com/difference-bootcut-straight-skinny-flare-legged-jeans/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[:en:High-waisted_jeans|High-waisted jeans]] Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo di gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn àkókò ìgbà ọdún 1970s, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n tún ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ bèrè sí mo di gbajúmọ̀ ni òde òní. Àwọn ṣòkòtò tí wọ́n ma ń dúró ní orí idodo òní won ṣe dámọ̀ pẹ̀lú bi won ṣe má ń dúró lórí idodo. Won lè fún mo ara, kí wọ́n tobi, tí wọ́n sì má ń wá ní oríṣiríṣi àwò àti ìrírí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=high-rise |date=2022 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion |page=75 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Fairchild Books |doi=10.5040/9781501365287.1334 |isbn=978-1-5013-6669-7 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064309/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781501365287.1334 |url-status=live |chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jìnnsì tí ó má ń jòkọ́ sì òkè ìbàdí ===

Àwọn ọníròyìn filéde ni ọdun 2017 wipe ni awuyewuye ọ̀tún lórí àwọn jìínsì tí wọ́n ń jòkọ́ ni ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ' [[:en:Low-rise_pants|low-rise jeans]]', tí ó jẹ́ gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan bí ọdún 1990s àti 2000s, òun ni ó tún ti ń padà gba òde látàrí ìfẹ́ tí wọ́n ní sì àṣà aṣọ wíwò ọ̀tun kan tí ń jẹ Y2K. 

Ní àwọn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000s, ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí òun ni wón sábà má ń rí ní àwọn ibi ayẹyẹ àjọ̀dún àwọn gbajúmọ̀ olórin bí [[:en:Britney_Spears|Britney Spears]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[:en:Paris_Hilton|Paris Hilton]], [[:en:Gwen_Stefani|Gwen Stefani]] àti [[Christina Aguilera]],tí wọ́n ní afijo pẹ̀lú àṣà ìwoso Y2K. No Odún 2021, iwadi ni ori èrò ayélujára fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso 'y2k fashion' òun ni ó tún ní ìdàgbàsókè 193%,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2021 |title=The Anatomy of a Trend: Y2K |url=https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://blog.trendalytics.co/2021/08/23/anatomy-trend-y2k |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=blog.trendalytics.co |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; lèyí tí ó fi hàn wípé ni àṣà ìwoso tí ń padà wá, tí aṣọ jìínsì tí òun dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí sì ti ń di nkan iyì ni àárín àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=April 6, 2021 |title=Low-rise jeans are back. Try not to scream. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22364404/low-rise-jeans-trend-y2k-fashion |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2022 |title=Low rise jeans are back – and the lower the better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145930/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/jan/15/low-rise-jeans-are-back-and-the-lower-the-better |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=How Low Can These Low-Rise Jeans Go? |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145932/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/low-rise-jeans |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí òun má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí ni ó má ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|2-3|in|cm|0}} tàbí jùbélo wálẹ̀ ni ìsàlẹ̀ idodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.womensweekly.com.sg/shopping/10-types-of-jeans-every-woman-should-have-wardrobe |title=  10 Types Of Jeans Every Woman Should Have In Her Wardrobe |author= &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= 26 Oct 2021 |publisher= The Singapore Women's Weekly 
|access-date= 7 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ṣòkòtò jìínsì tí ó má ń dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ ìbàdí tí wọ́n bá ṣe láti ilé iṣẹ́ aṣọ ni jíjìnnà ìlà ìbàdí sì abé ṣòkòtò sábà má ń kéré. Ìrísí àwọn ṣòkòtò yí òun ni wón je kó rí bè látàrí bí wọn ṣe ṣe lèyí tí ó má ń jẹ ki o dabi ẹni wípé ṣòkòtò òun Ṣáàgì tabi wá sí ilé ni ìdí ju bí ótiyẹ lo. Eleyi kí ṣe irú Ṣáàgì ' [[:en:Sagging_(fashion)|sagging]]' , tí àwọn olórin ọkùnrin tàkasúfe sódì gbajúmọ̀ ni àwọn nkan ọdún 1990s o.

== Bí wọn ṣe ń ṣe ṣòkòtò jìínsì láti ilé iṣẹ́ ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Denim Fabric Storing.JPG|Bí wọn ṣe ń kó àwọn jìínsì pamó
File:Denim fabric Cutting Machine.jpg|Èro machini ìgbàlódé Aládàáṣe  tí wọ́n ń fi ń gé aṣọ ni àwọn ile ise RMG. 
File:PP Spray.jpg|Lílọ P P Spray àti P P Sponging láti fi fún àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìrísí tuntun. 
File:3D Crinkle on Dummy.jpg|Lilo 3D crunching, láti fun awọn ask jìínsì ni ìpèlé whiskers, àti wrinkles lójúnà áti fún wọn ní ìrísí lílò òòsó.
File:Crinkle on Denim Jeans Pant.JPG|Fifi ojú ìlà rírún sì orí aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Hand Sanding on Denim Jeans.JPG|Lílọ ọwọ́ láti fi bó ojú aṣọ jìínsì. 
File:Curing.JPG|Lílọ ọoje ara igi (Resin) láti fi ṣe ìtọ́jú aṣọ jìínsì.
File:Tagging.JPG|Ìrán-wà-fún-ìgbà-díẹ̀ nínú Iṣẹ́ Aṣọ (Basting / Tacking Stitch) láti fun ni agbára sì.
File:Denim Washing.JPG|Àwọn ẹ̀rọ tí wọ́n ń lọ láti fi pa aṣọ ni aró àti fò wọ́n.
File:Denim Jeans Pant.jpg|Bí wọn ń ṣe ń fò aṣọ jìínsì àti bí wọn ṣe nò wọ́n sá
File:Denima Jeans Finishin.jpg|Ìpèlé ikehin nínú ìpèsè aṣọ jìínsì fún ọjà 
File:Live model Fitting of Ladies Denim Pant.JPG|Wiwo aṣọ fún olùyàwò Ọmọ-oge
File:Denim Jeans Pant QA checking.JPG|Àtúnyẹ̀wò bí aṣọ ṣe dára sí kí ó tó wo ọjà
File:Denim Jeans Pant Display.JPG|Àwọn aṣọ jìínsì ni ìyára ìyẹ̀wò àwọn aso ni ile ise RMG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ó tún lè yẹ àwọn eléyi náà wò ==

{{Portal|Fashion}}
* [[:en:Portal:Fashion|Athleisure]]
* [[:en:Baggy_jeans|Baggy jeans]]
* [[:en:Bell-bottoms|Bell-bottoms]]
* [[:en:Shorts#Daisy_Dukes|Daisy Dukes]]
* [[:en:Denim_skirt|Denim skirt]] (&quot;jean&quot; skirt)
* [[:en:Designer_clothing#Designer_jeans|Designer jeans]]
* [[:en:Drainpipe_jeans|Drainpipe jeans]]
* [[:en:Jean_jacket|Jean jacket]]
* [[:en:Jeggings|Jeggings]]
* [[:en:Jorts|Jorts]] (&quot;Sòkòtò jìínsì pénpé &quot;)
* [[:en:Mom_jeans|Mom jeans]]
* [[:en:Trousers_as_women's_clothing|Trousers as women's clothing]]
* [[:en:Western_wear|Western fashion]]

== Àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}

==Ìtọ́kasí==
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      <text bytes="1842" sha1="6hlc9vs2engygh166tjupso6myya0uf" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Nigerian hibiscus beverage}}

'''Zobo''' jẹ́ òun mímu (tea) tí a ń pè ní Zobo láti apá [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà|ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà]] tí a fi ewéko hibiscus, roselle ( ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' ) ṣe, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn òun èso àti àwọn èròjà ata olóòórùn dídùn sí . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ojileh|first=Prince C.|date=2023-09-01|title=Value-Added Zobo Drink with Date Juice|url=https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/21993/|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni ọrílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] wọn ń pè ní Zobo, ní orílẹ̀ èdè Ghana, wọn ń pè ní '''sobolo.'''  Wọn ń sábà máa ń mú ní tútù, tí ó sì ní adùn dídùn pẹ̀lú òòrùn aládídùn.  

Ohun mímu Zobo náà tàn kálẹ̀ láti ilé Áfíríkà sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean nípasẹ̀ [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ọjà ẹrú lórí omi Àtìláńtíìkì]] .  Zobo sábà máa ń lo àwọn èròjà tó pọ̀ ju àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ayé òde òní lọ. Zobo jẹ́ orísun fún àwọn èròjà asara lóre bí fítámìnì, àti àwọn ohun alumọ́ni tó ń dènà àrùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwasola|first=E. I.|last2=Ahmad|first2=A. L.|last3=Robinson|first3=J. G.|last4=Arinola|first4=S. O.|last5=Balogun|first5=O. S|date=2021-01-01|title=Micronutrients profiles and nutraceutical potential of developed instant zero “Zobo” blends for a diabetics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320396590|journal=Materials Today: Proceedings|series=International Conference of Chemical Engineering &amp; Industrial Biotechnology|volume=42|pages=234–239|doi=10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.983|issn=2214-7853}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chilled Zobo drink.jpg|thumb|Zobo drink]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3595" sha1="63nqkbuejwkfmdglagphog3vg9blybp" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Nigerian hibiscus beverage}}

'''Zobo''' jẹ́ òun mímu (tea) tí a ń pè ní Zobo láti apá [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà|ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà]] tí a fi ewéko hibiscus, roselle ( ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' ) ṣe, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn òun èso àti àwọn èròjà ata olóòórùn dídùn sí . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ojileh|first=Prince C.|date=2023-09-01|title=Value-Added Zobo Drink with Date Juice|url=https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/21993/|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni ọrílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] wọn ń pè ní Zobo, ní orílẹ̀ èdè Ghana, wọn ń pè ní '''sobolo.'''  Wọn ń sábà máa ń mú ní tútù, tí ó sì ní adùn dídùn pẹ̀lú òòrùn aládídùn.  

Ohun mímu Zobo náà tàn kálẹ̀ láti ilé Áfíríkà sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean nípasẹ̀ [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ọjà ẹrú lórí omi Àtìláńtíìkì]] .  Zobo sábà máa ń lo àwọn èròjà tó pọ̀ ju àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ayé òde òní lọ. Zobo jẹ́ orísun fún àwọn èròjà asara lóre bí fítámìnì, àti àwọn ohun alumọ́ni tó ń dènà àrùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwasola|first=E. I.|last2=Ahmad|first2=A. L.|last3=Robinson|first3=J. G.|last4=Arinola|first4=S. O.|last5=Balogun|first5=O. S|date=2021-01-01|title=Micronutrients profiles and nutraceutical potential of developed instant zero “Zobo” blends for a diabetics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320396590|journal=Materials Today: Proceedings|series=International Conference of Chemical Engineering &amp; Industrial Biotechnology|volume=42|pages=234–239|doi=10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.983|issn=2214-7853}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chilled Zobo drink.jpg|thumb|Zobo drink]]

== Bí wọn ń ṣe ń ṣe Zóbò ==

Zobo ni wọn ń ṣe látara ewé made with [[sepal]]s hibiscus tí ó bá ti gbe, tí wọ́n yio gbé kaná láti yọ àwọn èròjà oloorun àdídùn ara rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti fóònù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchen |first=Kauna |date=2013-06-14 |title=Zobo Drink Recipe |url=https://kaunakitchen.com/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Kauna Kitchen |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bí ó bá ti ń gbóná, àwọn nkan èròjà ọbẹ̀ bí Kànáfùrù [[cloves]], èpo igi cinnamon '[[cinnamon stick]]' , [[ginger]] àti [[black pepper]]àgbàdo ni wọn yio kò sí nínú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zobo drink |url=https://proveg.org/ng/recipes/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=ProVeg Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ẹlòmíràn a fi [[star anise]] tàbí àwọn nkan ọbẹ̀ mìíràn si. Omi ara ewé Zobo ni wọn má ń ṣè pẹ̀lú èpo ẹyin èso òyìnbó [[pineapple]] tàbí kí wọ́n fi omi ara èso òyìnbó sì lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ti jìnà. Wọn sì lè fi Omi ọsàn tàbí àwọn omi ara èso mìíràn sì ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan. Kí omi ara Zobo fi le dùn,wọn lé fi sugar tàbí oyin gidi sì tàbí kí wọ́n lọ dábínò tàbí àwọn àádùn gberefu ara àwọn èso mìíràn sì. Won sì lè gé àwọn èso bí ọsàn, jagain, òronbó sì. Tí a ó sì jẹ́ kí ó tútù kí a tó mó n mú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-01-09 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Zobo''' jẹ́ òun mímu (tea) tí wọ́n ń pè ní Zobo láti apá [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà|ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà]] tí a fi ewéko hibiscus, roselle ( ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' ) ṣe, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn òun èso àti àwọn èròjà ata olóòórùn dídùn sí . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ojileh|first=Prince C.|date=2023-09-01|title=Value-Added Zobo Drink with Date Juice|url=https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/21993/|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni ọrílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] wọn ń pè ní Zobo, ní orílẹ̀ èdè Ghana, wọn ń pè ní '''sobolo.'''  Wọn ń sábà máa ń mú ní tútù, tí ó sì ní adùn dídùn pẹ̀lú òòrùn aládídùn.  

Ohun mímu Zobo náà tàn kálẹ̀ láti ilé Áfíríkà sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean nípasẹ̀ [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ọjà ẹrú lórí omi Àtìláńtíìkì]] .  Zobo sábà máa ń lo àwọn èròjà tó pọ̀ ju àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ayé òde òní lọ. Zobo jẹ́ orísun fún àwọn èròjà asara lóre bí fítámìnì, àti àwọn ohun alumọ́ni tó ń dènà àrùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwasola|first=E. I.|last2=Ahmad|first2=A. L.|last3=Robinson|first3=J. G.|last4=Arinola|first4=S. O.|last5=Balogun|first5=O. S|date=2021-01-01|title=Micronutrients profiles and nutraceutical potential of developed instant zero “Zobo” blends for a diabetics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320396590|journal=Materials Today: Proceedings|series=International Conference of Chemical Engineering &amp; Industrial Biotechnology|volume=42|pages=234–239|doi=10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.983|issn=2214-7853}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chilled Zobo drink.jpg|thumb|Zobo drink]]

== Bí wọn ń ṣe ń ṣe Zóbò ==

Zobo ni wọn ń ṣe látara ewé made with [[sepal]]s hibiscus tí ó bá ti gbe, tí wọ́n yio gbé kaná láti yọ àwọn èròjà oloorun àdídùn ara rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti fóònù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchen |first=Kauna |date=2013-06-14 |title=Zobo Drink Recipe |url=https://kaunakitchen.com/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Kauna Kitchen |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bí ó bá ti ń gbóná, àwọn nkan èròjà ọbẹ̀ bí Kànáfùrù [[cloves]], èpo igi cinnamon '[[cinnamon stick]]' , [[ginger]] àti [[black pepper]]àgbàdo ni wọn yio kò sí nínú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zobo drink |url=https://proveg.org/ng/recipes/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=ProVeg Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ẹlòmíràn a fi [[star anise]] tàbí àwọn nkan ọbẹ̀ mìíràn si. Omi ara ewé Zobo ni wọn má ń ṣè pẹ̀lú èpo ẹyin èso òyìnbó [[pineapple]] tàbí kí wọ́n fi omi ara èso òyìnbó sì lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ti jìnà. Wọn sì lè fi Omi ọsàn tàbí àwọn omi ara èso mìíràn sì ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan. Kí omi ara Zobo fi le dùn,wọn lé fi sugar tàbí oyin gidi sì tàbí kí wọ́n lọ dábínò tàbí àwọn àádùn gberefu ara àwọn èso mìíràn sì. Won sì lè gé àwọn èso bí ọsàn, jagain, òronbó sì. Tí a ó sì jẹ́ kí ó tútù kí a tó mó n mú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-01-09 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Zobo''' jẹ́ òun mímu (tea) tí wọ́n ń pè ní Zobo láti apá [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà|ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà]] tí a fi ewéko hibiscus, roselle ( ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' ) ṣe, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn òun èso àti àwọn èròjà ata olóòórùn dídùn sí . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ojileh|first=Prince C.|date=2023-09-01|title=Value-Added Zobo Drink with Date Juice|url=https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/21993/|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni ọrílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] wọn ń pè ní Zobo, ní orílẹ̀ èdè Ghana, wọn ń pè ní '''sobolo.'''  Wọn ń sábà máa ń mú ní tútù, tí ó sì ní adùn dídùn pẹ̀lú òòrùn aládídùn.  

Ohun mímu Zobo náà tàn kálẹ̀ láti ilé Áfíríkà sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean nípasẹ̀ [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ọjà ẹrú lórí omi Àtìláńtíìkì]] .  Zobo sábà máa ń lo àwọn èròjà tó pọ̀ ju àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ayé òde òní lọ. Zobo jẹ́ orísun fún àwọn èròjà asara lóre bí fítámìnì, àti àwọn ohun alumọ́ni tó ń dènà àrùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwasola|first=E. I.|last2=Ahmad|first2=A. L.|last3=Robinson|first3=J. G.|last4=Arinola|first4=S. O.|last5=Balogun|first5=O. S|date=2021-01-01|title=Micronutrients profiles and nutraceutical potential of developed instant zero “Zobo” blends for a diabetics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320396590|journal=Materials Today: Proceedings|series=International Conference of Chemical Engineering &amp; Industrial Biotechnology|volume=42|pages=234–239|doi=10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.983|issn=2214-7853}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chilled Zobo drink.jpg|thumb|Zobo drink]]

== Bí wọn ń ṣe ń ṣe Zóbò ==

Zobo ni wọn ń ṣe látara ewé made with [[sepal]]s hibiscus tí ó bá ti gbe, tí wọ́n yio gbé kaná láti yọ àwọn èròjà oloorun àdídùn ara rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti fóònù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchen |first=Kauna |date=2013-06-14 |title=Zobo Drink Recipe |url=https://kaunakitchen.com/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Kauna Kitchen |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bí ó bá ti ń gbóná, àwọn nkan èròjà ọbẹ̀ bí Kànáfùrù [[cloves]], èpo igi cinnamon '[[cinnamon stick]]' , [[ginger]] àti [[black pepper]]àgbàdo ni wọn yio kò sí nínú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zobo drink |url=https://proveg.org/ng/recipes/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=ProVeg Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ẹlòmíràn a fi [[star anise]] tàbí àwọn nkan ọbẹ̀ mìíràn si. Omi ara ewé Zobo ni wọn má ń ṣè pẹ̀lú èpo ẹyin èso òyìnbó [[pineapple]] tàbí kí wọ́n fi omi ara èso òyìnbó sì lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ti jìnà. Wọn sì lè fi Omi ọsàn tàbí àwọn omi ara èso mìíràn sì ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan. Kí omi ara Zobo fi le dùn,wọn lé fi sugar tàbí oyin gidi sì tàbí kí wọ́n lọ dábínò tàbí àwọn àádùn gberefu ara àwọn èso mìíràn sì. Won sì lè gé àwọn èso bí ọsàn, jagain, òronbó sì. Tí a ó sì jẹ́ kí ó tútù kí a tó mó n mú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-01-09 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀dà oríṣi Zóbò==

Àwọn ẹ̀dá oríṣi nkan imú yí, òun ni ó wà ní apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean, bí Jamaica ni ile Afrika tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''sorrel'' ṣùgbọ́n tí kò ní èròjà púpò nínú. Láti ibí yí ọ ní ti tàn lọ sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Latin America, tí orúkọ rẹ sì di ''agua de Jamaica'' ni Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lois |date=2018-03-17 |title=Zobo Drink (Sobolo/Bissap Juice): African Hibiscus Tea |url=https://www.yummymedley.com/hibiscus-iced-tea-zobo-with-a-twist/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Yummy Medley |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Zobo''' jẹ́ òun mímu (tea) tí wọ́n ń pè ní Zobo láti apá [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà|ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà]] tí a fi ewéko hibiscus, roselle ( ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' ) ṣe, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn òun èso àti àwọn èròjà ata olóòórùn dídùn sí . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ojileh|first=Prince C.|date=2023-09-01|title=Value-Added Zobo Drink with Date Juice|url=https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/21993/|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni ọrílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] wọn ń pè ní Zobo, ní orílẹ̀ èdè Ghana, wọn ń pè ní '''sobolo.'''  Wọn ń sábà máa ń mú ní tútù, tí ó sì ní adùn dídùn pẹ̀lú òòrùn aládídùn.  

Ohun mímu Zobo náà tàn kálẹ̀ láti ilé Áfíríkà sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean nípasẹ̀ [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ọjà ẹrú lórí omi Àtìláńtíìkì]] .  Zobo sábà máa ń lo àwọn èròjà tó pọ̀ ju àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ayé òde òní lọ. Zobo jẹ́ orísun fún àwọn èròjà asara lóre bí fítámìnì, àti àwọn ohun alumọ́ni tó ń dènà àrùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwasola|first=E. I.|last2=Ahmad|first2=A. L.|last3=Robinson|first3=J. G.|last4=Arinola|first4=S. O.|last5=Balogun|first5=O. S|date=2021-01-01|title=Micronutrients profiles and nutraceutical potential of developed instant zero “Zobo” blends for a diabetics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320396590|journal=Materials Today: Proceedings|series=International Conference of Chemical Engineering &amp; Industrial Biotechnology|volume=42|pages=234–239|doi=10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.983|issn=2214-7853}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chilled Zobo drink.jpg|thumb|Zobo drink]]

== Bí wọn ń ṣe ń ṣe Zóbò ==

Zobo ni wọn ń ṣe látara ewé made with [[sepal]]s hibiscus tí ó bá ti gbe, tí wọ́n yio gbé kaná láti yọ àwọn èròjà oloorun àdídùn ara rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti fóònù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchen |first=Kauna |date=2013-06-14 |title=Zobo Drink Recipe |url=https://kaunakitchen.com/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Kauna Kitchen |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bí ó bá ti ń gbóná, àwọn nkan èròjà ọbẹ̀ bí Kànáfùrù [[cloves]], èpo igi cinnamon '[[cinnamon stick]]' , [[ginger]] àti [[black pepper]]àgbàdo ni wọn yio kò sí nínú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zobo drink |url=https://proveg.org/ng/recipes/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=ProVeg Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ẹlòmíràn a fi [[star anise]] tàbí àwọn nkan ọbẹ̀ mìíràn si. Omi ara ewé Zobo ni wọn má ń ṣè pẹ̀lú èpo ẹyin èso òyìnbó [[pineapple]] tàbí kí wọ́n fi omi ara èso òyìnbó sì lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ti jìnà. Wọn sì lè fi Omi ọsàn tàbí àwọn omi ara èso mìíràn sì ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan. Kí omi ara Zobo fi le dùn,wọn lé fi sugar tàbí oyin gidi sì tàbí kí wọ́n lọ dábínò tàbí àwọn àádùn gberefu ara àwọn èso mìíràn sì. Won sì lè gé àwọn èso bí ọsàn, jagain, òronbó sì. Tí a ó sì jẹ́ kí ó tútù kí a tó mó n mú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-01-09 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀dà oríṣi Zóbò==

Àwọn ẹ̀dá oríṣi nkan imú yí, òun ni ó wà ní apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean, bí Jamaica ni ile Afrika tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''sorrel'' ṣùgbọ́n tí kò ní èròjà púpò nínú. Láti ibí yí ọ ní ti tàn lọ sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Latin America, tí orúkọ rẹ sì di ''agua de Jamaica'' ni Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lois |date=2018-03-17 |title=Zobo Drink (Sobolo/Bissap Juice): African Hibiscus Tea |url=https://www.yummymedley.com/hibiscus-iced-tea-zobo-with-a-twist/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Yummy Medley |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ó tún lè Kàá Síwájú si ==
*[[Hibiscus tea]]</text>
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'''Zobo''' jẹ́ òun mímu (tea) tí wọ́n ń pè ní Zobo láti apá [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà|ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà]] tí a fi ewéko hibiscus, roselle ( ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' ) ṣe, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn òun èso àti àwọn èròjà ata olóòórùn dídùn sí . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ojileh|first=Prince C.|date=2023-09-01|title=Value-Added Zobo Drink with Date Juice|url=https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/21993/|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni ọrílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] wọn ń pè ní Zobo, ní orílẹ̀ èdè Ghana, wọn ń pè ní '''sobolo.'''  Wọn ń sábà máa ń mú ní tútù, tí ó sì ní adùn dídùn pẹ̀lú òòrùn aládídùn.  

Ohun mímu Zobo náà tàn kálẹ̀ láti ilé Áfíríkà sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean nípasẹ̀ [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ọjà ẹrú lórí omi Àtìláńtíìkì]] .  Zobo sábà máa ń lo àwọn èròjà tó pọ̀ ju àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ayé òde òní lọ. Zobo jẹ́ orísun fún àwọn èròjà asara lóre bí fítámìnì, àti àwọn ohun alumọ́ni tó ń dènà àrùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwasola|first=E. I.|last2=Ahmad|first2=A. L.|last3=Robinson|first3=J. G.|last4=Arinola|first4=S. O.|last5=Balogun|first5=O. S|date=2021-01-01|title=Micronutrients profiles and nutraceutical potential of developed instant zero “Zobo” blends for a diabetics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320396590|journal=Materials Today: Proceedings|series=International Conference of Chemical Engineering &amp; Industrial Biotechnology|volume=42|pages=234–239|doi=10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.983|issn=2214-7853}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chilled Zobo drink.jpg|thumb|Zobo drink]]

== Bí wọn ń ṣe ń ṣe Zóbò ==

Zobo ni wọn ń ṣe látara ewé made with [[sepal]]s hibiscus tí ó bá ti gbe, tí wọ́n yio gbé kaná láti yọ àwọn èròjà oloorun àdídùn ara rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti fóònù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchen |first=Kauna |date=2013-06-14 |title=Zobo Drink Recipe |url=https://kaunakitchen.com/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Kauna Kitchen |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bí ó bá ti ń gbóná, àwọn nkan èròjà ọbẹ̀ bí Kànáfùrù [[cloves]], èpo igi cinnamon '[[cinnamon stick]]' , [[ginger]] àti [[black pepper]]àgbàdo ni wọn yio kò sí nínú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zobo drink |url=https://proveg.org/ng/recipes/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=ProVeg Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ẹlòmíràn a fi [[star anise]] tàbí àwọn nkan ọbẹ̀ mìíràn si. Omi ara ewé Zobo ni wọn má ń ṣè pẹ̀lú èpo ẹyin èso òyìnbó [[pineapple]] tàbí kí wọ́n fi omi ara èso òyìnbó sì lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ti jìnà. Wọn sì lè fi Omi ọsàn tàbí àwọn omi ara èso mìíràn sì ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan. Kí omi ara Zobo fi le dùn,wọn lé fi sugar tàbí oyin gidi sì tàbí kí wọ́n lọ dábínò tàbí àwọn àádùn gberefu ara àwọn èso mìíràn sì. Won sì lè gé àwọn èso bí ọsàn, jagain, òronbó sì. Tí a ó sì jẹ́ kí ó tútù kí a tó mó n mú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-01-09 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀dà oríṣi Zóbò==

Àwọn ẹ̀dá oríṣi nkan imú yí, òun ni ó wà ní apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean, bí Jamaica ni ile Afrika tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''sorrel'' ṣùgbọ́n tí kò ní èròjà púpò nínú. Láti ibí yí ọ ní ti tàn lọ sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Latin America, tí orúkọ rẹ sì di ''agua de Jamaica'' ni Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lois |date=2018-03-17 |title=Zobo Drink (Sobolo/Bissap Juice): African Hibiscus Tea |url=https://www.yummymedley.com/hibiscus-iced-tea-zobo-with-a-twist/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Yummy Medley |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== O tún le Kàá Síwájú si ==
*[[Hibiscus tea]]

==Ìtọ́kasí==</text>
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'''Zobo''' jẹ́ òun mímu (tea) tí wọ́n ń pè ní Zobo láti apá [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà|ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà]] tí a fi ewéko hibiscus, roselle ( ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' ) ṣe, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn òun èso àti àwọn èròjà ata olóòórùn dídùn sí . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ojileh|first=Prince C.|date=2023-09-01|title=Value-Added Zobo Drink with Date Juice|url=https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/21993/|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni ọrílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] wọn ń pè ní Zobo, ní orílẹ̀ èdè Ghana, wọn ń pè ní '''sobolo.'''  Wọn ń sábà máa ń mú ní tútù, tí ó sì ní adùn dídùn pẹ̀lú òòrùn aládídùn.  

Ohun mímu Zobo náà tàn kálẹ̀ láti ilé Áfíríkà sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean nípasẹ̀ [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ọjà ẹrú lórí omi Àtìláńtíìkì]] .  Zobo sábà máa ń lo àwọn èròjà tó pọ̀ ju àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ayé òde òní lọ. Zobo jẹ́ orísun fún àwọn èròjà asara lóre bí fítámìnì, àti àwọn ohun alumọ́ni tó ń dènà àrùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwasola|first=E. I.|last2=Ahmad|first2=A. L.|last3=Robinson|first3=J. G.|last4=Arinola|first4=S. O.|last5=Balogun|first5=O. S|date=2021-01-01|title=Micronutrients profiles and nutraceutical potential of developed instant zero “Zobo” blends for a diabetics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320396590|journal=Materials Today: Proceedings|series=International Conference of Chemical Engineering &amp; Industrial Biotechnology|volume=42|pages=234–239|doi=10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.983|issn=2214-7853}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chilled Zobo drink.jpg|thumb|Zobo drink]]

== Bí wọn ń ṣe ń ṣe Zóbò ==

Zobo ni wọn ń ṣe látara ewé made with [[sepal]]s hibiscus tí ó bá ti gbe, tí wọ́n yio gbé kaná láti yọ àwọn èròjà oloorun àdídùn ara rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti fóònù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchen |first=Kauna |date=2013-06-14 |title=Zobo Drink Recipe |url=https://kaunakitchen.com/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Kauna Kitchen |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bí ó bá ti ń gbóná, àwọn nkan èròjà ọbẹ̀ bí Kànáfùrù [[cloves]], èpo igi cinnamon '[[cinnamon stick]]' , [[ginger]] àti [[black pepper]]àgbàdo ni wọn yio kò sí nínú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zobo drink |url=https://proveg.org/ng/recipes/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=ProVeg Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ẹlòmíràn a fi [[star anise]] tàbí àwọn nkan ọbẹ̀ mìíràn si. Omi ara ewé Zobo ni wọn má ń ṣè pẹ̀lú èpo ẹyin èso òyìnbó [[pineapple]] tàbí kí wọ́n fi omi ara èso òyìnbó sì lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ti jìnà. Wọn sì lè fi Omi ọsàn tàbí àwọn omi ara èso mìíràn sì ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan. Kí omi ara Zobo fi le dùn,wọn lé fi sugar tàbí oyin gidi sì tàbí kí wọ́n lọ dábínò tàbí àwọn àádùn gberefu ara àwọn èso mìíràn sì. Won sì lè gé àwọn èso bí ọsàn, jagain, òronbó sì. Tí a ó sì jẹ́ kí ó tútù kí a tó mó n mú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-01-09 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀dà oríṣi Zóbò==

Àwọn ẹ̀dá oríṣi nkan imú yí, òun ni ó wà ní apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean, bí Jamaica ni ile Afrika tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''sorrel'' ṣùgbọ́n tí kò ní èròjà púpò nínú. Láti ibí yí ọ ní ti tàn lọ sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Latin America, tí orúkọ rẹ sì di ''agua de Jamaica'' ni Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lois |date=2018-03-17 |title=Zobo Drink (Sobolo/Bissap Juice): African Hibiscus Tea |url=https://www.yummymedley.com/hibiscus-iced-tea-zobo-with-a-twist/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Yummy Medley |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== O tún le Kàá Síwájú si ==
*[[:en:Hibiscus_tea|Hibiscus tea]]

==Ìtọ́kasí==</text>
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      <text bytes="4385" sha1="8ivzgzb3zwlidq1a0tbdroizb7bjsmv" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Nigerian hibiscus beverage}}

'''Zobo''' jẹ́ òun mímu (tea) tí wọ́n ń pè ní Zobo láti apá [[Ìwọòrùn Áfíríkà|ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà]] tí a fi ewéko hibiscus, roselle ( ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' ) ṣe, pẹ̀lú àfikún àwọn òun èso àti àwọn èròjà ata olóòórùn dídùn sí . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ojileh|first=Prince C.|date=2023-09-01|title=Value-Added Zobo Drink with Date Juice|url=https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/21993/|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni ọrílé-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] wọn ń pè ní Zobo, ní orílẹ̀ èdè Ghana, wọn ń pè ní '''sobolo.'''  Wọn ń sábà máa ń mú ní tútù, tí ó sì ní adùn dídùn pẹ̀lú òòrùn aládídùn.  

Ohun mímu Zobo náà tàn kálẹ̀ láti ilé Áfíríkà sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean nípasẹ̀ [[Atlantic slave trade|ìṣòwò ọjà ẹrú lórí omi Àtìláńtíìkì]] .  Zobo sábà máa ń lo àwọn èròjà tó pọ̀ ju àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe ní ayé òde òní lọ. Zobo jẹ́ orísun fún àwọn èròjà asara lóre bí fítámìnì, àti àwọn ohun alumọ́ni tó ń dènà àrùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwasola|first=E. I.|last2=Ahmad|first2=A. L.|last3=Robinson|first3=J. G.|last4=Arinola|first4=S. O.|last5=Balogun|first5=O. S|date=2021-01-01|title=Micronutrients profiles and nutraceutical potential of developed instant zero “Zobo” blends for a diabetics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320396590|journal=Materials Today: Proceedings|series=International Conference of Chemical Engineering &amp; Industrial Biotechnology|volume=42|pages=234–239|doi=10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.983|issn=2214-7853}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chilled Zobo drink.jpg|thumb|Zobo drink]]

== Bí wọn ń ṣe ń ṣe Zóbò ==

Zobo ni wọn ń ṣe látara ewé made with [[:en:Sepal|sepals]] hibiscus tí ó bá ti gbe, tí wọ́n yio gbé kaná láti yọ àwọn èròjà oloorun àdídùn ara rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti fóònù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchen |first=Kauna |date=2013-06-14 |title=Zobo Drink Recipe |url=https://kaunakitchen.com/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Kauna Kitchen |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bí ó bá ti ń gbóná, àwọn nkan èròjà ọbẹ̀ bí Kànáfùrù ( [[:en:Cloves|cloves]]), èpo igi cinnamon ('[[:en:Cinnamon_stick|cinnamon stick]]) , [[:en:Ginger|ginger]] àti [[:en:Black_pepper|black peppercorn]] ni wọn yio kò sí nínú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zobo drink |url=https://proveg.org/ng/recipes/zobo-drink/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=ProVeg Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ẹlòmíràn a fi [[:en:Star_anise|star anise]] tàbí àwọn nkan ọbẹ̀ mìíràn si. Omi ara ewé Zobo ni wọn má ń ṣè pẹ̀lú èpo ẹyin èso òyìnbó [[pineapple]] tàbí kí wọ́n fi omi ara èso òyìnbó sì lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ti jìnà. Wọn sì lè fi Omi ọsàn tàbí àwọn omi ara èso mìíràn sì ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan. Kí omi ara Zobo fi le dùn,wọn lé fi sugar tàbí oyin gidi sì tàbí kí wọ́n lọ dábínò tàbí àwọn àádùn gberefu ara àwọn èso mìíràn sì. Won sì lè gé àwọn èso bí ọsàn, jagain, òronbó sì. Tí a ó sì jẹ́ kí ó tútù kí a tó mó n mú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-01-09 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀dà oríṣi Zóbò==

Àwọn ẹ̀dá oríṣi nkan imú yí, òun ni ó wà ní apá ilẹ̀ Caribbean, bí Jamaica ni ile Afrika tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''sorrel'' ṣùgbọ́n tí kò ní èròjà púpò nínú. Láti ibí yí ọ ní ti tàn lọ sí àwọn apá ilẹ̀ Latin America, tí orúkọ rẹ sì di ''agua de Jamaica'' ni Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lois |date=2018-03-17 |title=Zobo Drink (Sobolo/Bissap Juice): African Hibiscus Tea |url=https://www.yummymedley.com/hibiscus-iced-tea-zobo-with-a-twist/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Yummy Medley |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== O tún le Kàá Síwájú si ==
*[[:en:Hibiscus_tea|Hibiscus tea]]

==Ìtọ́kasí==</text>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345979826|Ten Commandments Monument (Nigeria)]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Àkọsílẹ̀ Àwọn Òfin Mẹ́wàá
|- class=&quot;mw-file-element&quot; data-file-height=&quot;3120&quot; data-file-type=&quot;bitmap&quot; data-file-width=&quot;4160&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;188&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; resource=&quot;./File:Ten_Commandments_plateau_state.jpg&quot; src=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ten_Commandments_plateau_state.jpg/250px-Ten_Commandments_plateau_state.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail&quot; srcset=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ten_Commandments_plateau_state.jpg/500px-Ten_Commandments_plateau_state.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x&quot; width=&quot;250&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Ten_Commandments_plateau_state.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Àmì ìrántí náà ní ọdún 2017&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |&lt;mapframe zoom=&quot;13&quot; frameless=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; longitude=&quot;8.9247222222222&quot; latitude=&quot;9.8205833333333&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; width=&quot;250&quot;&gt;{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Feature&quot;,&quot;geometry&quot;:{&quot;coordinates&quot;:[8.924722222222222,9.820583333333333],&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;},&quot;properties&quot;:{&quot;marker-color&quot;:&quot;#5E74F3&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Ten Commandments Monument (Nigeria)&quot;,&quot;marker-symbol&quot;:&quot;monument&quot;}}&lt;/mapframe&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Maapu ajọṣepọ ti Monument Awọn Òfin Mẹwa&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Ibi tí a wà
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; | Dwoi, [[Jos South]], [[Plateau State]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Àwọn ìṣọ̀kan 
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |
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A gbe ère '''Àwọn Ofin Mẹ́wàá''' náà kalẹ̀ ní agbègbè New Jerusalem, ní Dwoi (tí a tún lè kọ ní Doi), ní Jos South, Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau, Nàìjíríà. Wọ́n kọ́ ọ kí ọdún 2017 tó dé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ya a sí mímọ́ lọ́nà tí ó bófin mu ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2021; ó ní pẹpẹ kan àti ibi ìpàdé ní gbangba tí ó lè gba ènìyàn 5,800.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jang taking after Gowon in uniting Nigerians – Ex-President, Jonathan|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/jang-taking-after-gowon-in-uniting-nigerians-ex-president-jonathan/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=March 22, 2023|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sẹ́nétọ̀ àti Gómìnà tẹ́lẹ̀ rí ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau, Jonah Jang, ló ṣe ìtìlẹ́yìn owó fún kíkọ́ ọ nípasẹ̀ àjọ Yeshua Kingdom Foundation International.[2]

Ààrẹ tẹ́lẹ̀ rí ti Nàìjíríà Goodluck Jonathan ló wá síbi ìyàsímímọ́ náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jonah Jang 5,000-Capacity Prayer Altar Dedicated In Jos|url=https://independent.ng/jonah-jang-5000-capacity-prayer-altar-dedicated-in-jos/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=March 15, 2023|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayẹyẹ yii dá wahala silẹ laarin ijọba ipinlẹ Plateau. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Furore in Plateau over Jang's 10 Commandments monument|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/12/furore-in-plateau-over-jangs-10-commandments-monument/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=March 8, 2023|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn eré orin ni a ti ṣe ní ibi ìrántí náà, fún àpẹẹrẹ eré orin &quot;One More Soul&quot; tí a ṣètò ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2023 pẹ̀lú àwọn òṣèré ìhìnrere ti Àríwá Nàìjíríà bíi Panam Percy Paul àti Jeremiah Gyang . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-04-30|title=Music Sensation Mallam Razphil, Holds 'One More Soul Concert'|url=https://leadership.ng/music-sensation-mallam-razphil-holds-one-more-soul-concert/|access-date=2023-08-31|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2023, olórin rap ti Nàìjíríà, Vector, gbé orin náà jáde &quot;Why Me&quot; pẹ̀lú fídíò kan tí ó yà ní Ten Commandments Monument. 

Ààmì ìrántí náà ga tó ẹsẹ̀ mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì jẹ́ èyí tó tóbi jùlọ lára àwọn Ààmì Òfin Mẹ́wàá tó wà ní Áfíríkà. Àwọn ènìyàn tó fẹ́ ṣètò àdúrà ìsìn ni wọ́n ń ṣàkóso ilé náà. Ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ náà tún máa ń fúnni ní owó ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti ṣe àtúnṣe ilé náà nígbà míì.

== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Nigeria|Visual arts}}

* Àkójọ Àmì Ìrántí Àwọn Òfin Mẹ́wàá (Little Rock, Arkansas)
* Àmì Àmì Mẹ́wàá (Ìlú Oklahoma)
* Àkójọ Àṣẹ Mẹ́wàá (Austin, Texas)

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Àyọkà pẹ̀lú ìjúwe ṣókí]]</text>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361319368|Emotan Statue]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Infobox artwork|title=Emotan Statue|other_language_1=|other_title_1=|image=|image_upright=|alt=|caption=Full portrait of ''Emotan Statue'' in [[Benin City]], [[Edo State]]|artist=|catalogue=|year={{Start date|1954|3|20}}|type=[[Statue]]|medium={{flat list |
* [[Concrete]]
* [[bronze]]}}|subject=|condition=Erect|city=[[Benin City]]|museum=|accession=|owner=[[Benin Kingdom]]|website=}}

'''''Ère Emotan'''''  jẹ́ ère tí ó ní ìwọ̀n gidi gẹ́gẹ́ bí ènìyàn, tí a sì ṣe láti fi bu ọlá fún Emotan; obìnrin aṣáájú nínú iṣẹ́ òwò ni obìnrin yìí, ẹni tí ó máa ń ṣe òwò ní ọjà Oba ní Ilẹ̀-ọba Benin ti ìgbàanì ní àkókò ìjọba Oba Uwaifiokun àti Oba Ewuare the Great.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=S. B. Omoregie|title=Emotan and the Kings of Benin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zusJAQAAIAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Longman Group (Far East), Limited|isbn=978-0-582-60925-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;Oba Akenzua II ló ṣí ère náà síta ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1954, wọ́n sì gbé e sí ibi tí ó kọjú sí ọjà Oba ní ìlú Benin.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=27 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368976354|Emeka Okereke]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4380" sha1="qhnwu7y8sb5k2sbxakq938qf0xpnutx" xml:space="preserve"> {{Infobox person|name=Emeka Okereke|image=|birth_date={{birth year and age|1980}}|birth_place=[[Aba, Abia]], Nigeria}}

'''Emeka Okereke''' fetisi ⓘ (tí a bí ní ọdún 1980) Jẹ́ olùyàwòrán, olùṣe fíìmù, òǹkọ̀wé, àti òṣèré-oníṣọ̀nà láti Nàìjíríà, ẹni tí ó ń gbé tí ó sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní Èkó àti Berlin.

Okereke ni oludasile Àjọ awọn Olùyàwòrán Láàrin Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà ti Invisible Borders . 

Ní ọdún 2018, ó gba Chevalier des Arts et Lettres láti ọwọ́ ìjọba ilẹ̀ Faransé . 

== Ẹ̀kọ́ ==
Emeka gba Master's lati Ilé-ìwé Orílẹ̀-èdè fún Àwọn Iṣẹ́ Ọ̀nà ti Paris (The National Superior school of fine arts of Paris) ni 2008. 

== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Ní ọdún 2009, Okereke dá ẹgbẹ́ àwọn òṣèré tí wọ́n ń ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn bíi Invisible Borders Trans-African Road Trip àti The Trans-African, ìwé ìròyìn nípa àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà àti àṣà ìríran ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=10 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wọ́n ṣe àfihàn ìgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀ ‘A Trans-African Workspace’ ní Venice Biennale 56th ní ọdún 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=29 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 2018, àlejò Okereke kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Summer Academy of Fine Arts, Salzburg, Austria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=16 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ọdún 2018, wọ́n fún un ní ẹ̀bùn Ọmọ-ẹgbẹ́ Ọlá ti Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Oníṣẹ́-ọnà àti Oníwé-kíkọ (Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters) láti ọwọ́ ìjọba ilẹ̀ Faransé, nítorí àwọn àfikún pàtàkì tí ó ṣe sí iṣẹ́ ọnà ní Áfíríkà àti Yúróòpù. 

== Àwọn ìfihàn tí a yàn ==

=== Àwọn ìfihàn ìdánìkan ===

* 2018: &quot;Ṣíṣàwárí Òfo Kan&quot;. Salzburger Kunstverein, Salzburg Austria (Afihan Solo) 
* 2008 Bagamoyo – Fọ́tò àti Ààyè Tó Wúlò / Maputo-Catembe – Maputo, Mozambique 

=== Àwọn ìfihàn ẹgbẹ́ ===
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* 2017 * Ìrònú Àpapọ̀, Fún Àwọn Òmìnira / Ìpìlẹ̀ Aperture – New York, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà 
* 2017 * Ìṣọ̀kan Àpapọ̀. Àwọn Àpapọ̀ àti Ìwákiri Wọn fún Iye / Ilé Ìkóhun-Ìṣẹ̀dá Fọ́tò Amsterdam (Foomu) – Amsterdam, Netherlands 
* 2018: &quot;Ilẹ̀ Ta Ni Mo Ti Tan Sí Nísinsìnyí?&quot; , Savvy Contemporary Berlin 
* 2016 * Ko si Ààlà / Gallery Dominique Fiat, – Paris, France &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=17 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016 * Ìpàtẹ fọ́tò àwòrán tí a kò rí / [[Unseen Amsterdam|Àìrí Amsterdam]] – Amsterdam, Netherlands 
* 2015 * 56th Venice Biennale / Venice Biennale – Venice, Italy 

== Àwọn ìtẹ̀jáde ==

* 2018 * Gbígbógun ti Ìlà Oòrùn Nípasẹ̀ Pàṣípààrọ̀ Trans-Africa 
* 2017 * Africulture- Le Grand Palais n'aurait pas pu être construit sans l'exploitation coloniale de l'Afrique
* 2017 * Òde òní àti : Iṣẹ́ Àjọṣepọ̀ Àdúgbò 
* 2016 * Ìfẹ́-ẹ̀sìn-Afirika: Àròkọ Ìlú kan nínú Ìwé Ìròyìn Tuntun ti Áfíríkà 
* 2015 * Àwọn àwòrán dúdú: Ta ni dúdú náà? nínú Ìwé Kékeré 
* 2013 * Artscape by Al Jazeera- Emeka Okereke: Invisible Borders 
* 2013 * O dara Afirika- Emeka Okereke lori fọtoyiya ati agbaye ti awọn iṣeeṣe

== Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ àti ọlá ==
2018 - Ọmọ-ẹgbẹ́ Ọlá ti Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Oníṣẹ́-ọnà àti Oníwé-kíkọ )

Odun 2016 yiyan, Prix Elysée fun fọtoyiya (2016–2018) 

Ẹni tí a yàn fún àkójọpọ̀ gígùn ti ọdún 2016, Prix Pictet, 2016

Olórin Ọdún 2009, Àwọn Ẹ̀bùn Ọjọ́ iwájú ní Áfíríkà

2008 Winner, Ṣe àyẹ̀wò iṣẹ́-ìdáǹdá fún rarẹ fun ise agbese &quot;Bagamoyo&quot;, Maputo Mozambique

2004 TV5, Ẹ̀bùn Paris fún Fọ́tò Tí Ó Dáa Jùlọ ní Ìfihàn &quot;Ṣè ní Áfíríkà&quot;, Milan Italy.

Olùyàwòrán ọ̀dọ́ tó dára jùlọ ní ọdún 2003 ti ayẹyẹ fọ́tò karùn-ún. Bamako, Mali.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1980]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adetona Omokanye</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372547136|Adetona Omokanye]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; {{Infobox person|name=Adetona Omokanye|image=Adetona Omokanye.jpg|caption=|birth_name=Adetona Omokanye|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|07|17}}|birth_place=[[Erin-Ile]], [[Kwara]], Nigeria|education=[[University of Lagos]]|occupation=Photographer, visual artist|organization=|known_for=Photography|awards=|website={{URL|adetonaomokanye.com}}}}

'''Ṣe àyẹ̀wò iṣẹ́-ìdáǹdá fúnra rẹ.Adetona Omokanye''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtadinlógún oṣù Keje ọdún 1990) jẹ́ olùyàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ní ẹ̀bùn àtinúdá. Wọ́n bí i ní Erin-Ile, ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, Nàìjíríà, ó sì ń gbé ní Toronto, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Kánádà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti kó lọ síbẹ̀ láti Èkó, Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2020.   Omokanye ti ṣiṣẹ́ lori awọn iṣẹ́ ati awọn adehun iṣẹ́ lọpọlọpọ fun Bloomberg, Getty Images, World Food Programme, Eater, Global Citizen, ati awọn miiran. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-17|title=Surprise Uptick in Nigerian Inflation Unlikely to Spur Rate Hike|language=en|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-17/surprise-uptick-in-nigerian-inflation-unlikely-to-spur-rate-hike|access-date=2022-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;    Àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tó gbajúmọ̀ ti mú kí ó gbajúmọ̀ kárí ayé, ó sì ti ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìfihàn àti àwọn ìkànnì ìròyìn kárí ayé.

== Ẹ̀kọ́ ==
Omokanye gba oyè Bachelor of Science nínú ìmọ̀ nípa omi ní [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó|Yunifásítì ti Èkó]] ní ọdún 2013. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó tẹ̀síwájú láti gba oyè Master of Science nínú ìbàjẹ́ omi àti ìṣàkóso ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kan náà ní ọdún 2017. 

== Awọn iṣẹ ati idanimọ ==
Ní ọdún 2018, Adetona Omokanye ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú oníròyìn ọ̀fẹ́ ará Germany Petra Sorge láti ṣe ìwádìí ìwé àkọsílẹ̀ oṣù mẹ́ta tí ó ń tú àṣírí àwọn ewu iṣẹ́, ìpalára àti ìbàjẹ́ àyíká láàárín àti ní àyíká àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ àtúnlo bátírì adí-àsídì ní ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó àti [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ogun]] ní Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-12-14|title=Dying in instalments: How lead battery recyclers are poisoning Nigerians (Part I)|url=https://businessday.ng/businessday-investigation/businessday-investigation-f/article/dying-in-instalments-how-lead-battery-recyclers-are-poisoning-nigerians-part-i/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-12-17|title=Dying in instalment: Foreign buyers pile pressure on polluting company (2)|url=https://businessday.ng/businessday-investigation/businessday-investigation-f/article/dying-in-instalment-foreign-buyers-pile-pressure-on-polluting-company-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìròyìn oníròyìn mẹ́ta tí a gbé jáde láti inú ìwádìí lórí ìwé ìròyìn ''BusinessDay'' ni a fún ní ẹ̀bùn àkọ́kọ́ ti àwọn ẹ̀bùn ìròyìn Fetisov nínú ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ìròyìn tó dára jùlọ ní agbègbè ní ọdún 2019.  Wọ́n ti gbé Omokanye sí orí ''ìwé ìròyìn Ṣẹ̀dá'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2022-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adetona Omokanye ni ọmọ Naijiria ati ọmọ Afirika akọkọ ti o gba ẹbun Creative Bursary ti Getty Images ati Verizon Media (ti a mọ si Yahoo bayii) fun. Ó gba owó ìrànlọ́wọ́ tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àkójọpọ̀ àwọn aláìlera ní ọdún 2019 gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùborí ipò kẹta pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀ tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ &quot;Beyond 4ft-10inch&quot; èyí tí ó ń gbìyànjú láti mú àwọn èrò àìdámọ̀ràn nípa àṣà àti àṣà àwọn ẹ̀dá aláìsàn kúrò nínú ìròyìn àti ìpolówó ní Nàìjíríà.    Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ ti ẹgbẹ́ Bakanal de Afrique 2020 Artist Fellowship Cohort, àkójọpọ̀ rẹ̀ &quot;Fàyàwọ̀&quot; tí ó ń ṣàfihàn àwọn òtítọ́ líle koko ti ìfàmọ́ra kọjá ààlà Benin-Naijiria ni a ṣe àfihàn ní Bakanal de Afrique 'Mi Soon Come 2020' tí ń ṣe àwárí àwọn oríta ìrìnnà ìlú pẹ̀lú àṣà, ìpele àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè.   Ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ ọlá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùdíje tí a ti kọ sílẹ̀ fún PhMuseum Mobile Photo Prize ní ọdún 2020.  Ó kópa nínú ìwé ìròyìn New York Portfolio Review 2021 tí ẹ̀ka fọ́tò ''[[The New York Times]]'' àti Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism gbé jáde ní City University of New York .

Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2022, Omokanye wọ inú àkójọ àwọn tó fẹ́ gba ẹ̀bùn fọ́tò àwòrán ti ìgbàlódé ti ọdún 2022 pẹ̀lú àwọn àwòrán oní-nọ́ńbà rẹ̀ tó ń ṣàwárí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àṣà àti àṣà nínú aṣọ Egúngún àti àwòrán haute-couture ti ìgbàlódé.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-05-20|title=Contemporary African Photography prize – a shortlist selection|language=en-GB|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2022/may/20/contemporary-african-photography-prize-a-shortlist-selection|access-date=2022-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2022, àkójọpọ̀ kan náà, tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ &quot;Spiritually Fashionable&quot;, ló gba ẹ̀bùn àkọ́kọ́ fún LensCulture Awards Summer Open Awards, pẹ̀lú àwọn ayàwòrán 19 mìíràn.  Àwọn àwòrán láti inú àkójọ náà tún jẹ́ ara ìfihàn iṣẹ́ ọnà gbogbogbò tí àkọlé rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ &quot;I Am Still Here: Black Joy is Resistance,&quot; èyí tí a gbé kalẹ̀ ní Union Station ní Toronto láti oṣù Kejì sí oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2023.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=February 15, 2023|title=I Am Still Here: Union Station's new public art exhibition celebrates Black joy and resistance|url=https://www.cbc.ca/arts/i-am-still-here-union-station-s-new-public-art-exhibition-celebrates-black-joy-and-resistance-1.6748314}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Láàárín oṣù kẹrin sí oṣù keje ọdún 2023, àwọn iṣẹ́ míìrán tí Omokanye ṣe jẹ́ ara àwọn ìfihàn ẹgbẹ́ méjì mìíràn ní Toronto.  

Àwọn iṣẹ́ Omokanye tó sọ̀rọ̀ nípa [[Fòpin sí SARS|#EndSARS Àwọn ìwọ́de]] lòdì sí ìwà ìkà ọlọ́pàá ní Nàìjíríà ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2020 ni a ti ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀ lórí onírúurú àwọn ìkànnì ìròyìn àgbáyé bíi Getty Images, &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwlg&quot;&gt;Bloomberg&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwmA&quot;&gt;Wall Street Journal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwmg&quot;&gt;Times&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Magazine, ''Huffington Post'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwoA&quot;&gt;BuzzFeed News&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ''GQ'', àti [[Amnesty International]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-10-23|title=Young Nigerians Came to Protest Police Brutality. Then the Shooting Started.|language=en-US|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/young-nigerians-came-to-protest-police-brutality-then-the-shooting-started-11603452187|access-date=2022-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2021-12-01|title=Lagos Rejects 'Massacre' Findings About 2020 Protest|language=en|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-12-01/nigeria-s-lagos-rejects-massacre-findings-about-2020-protest|access-date=2022-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;    [     Àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lórí ìgbésí ayé àti àwùjọ lásìkò [[Àjàkáyé-àrùn èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020|àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn Coronavirus]], ìfàmọ́ra oní-nọ́ńbà àti ìdàgbàsókè ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ, àṣà oúnjẹ àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ àti àwọn ọ̀ràn àwùjọ ní Èkó àti àwọn ìlú Nàìjíríà mìíràn ti farahàn lórí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn àgbáyé mìíràn bíi ''Al Jazeera'', &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwzQ&quot;&gt;Bloomberg&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ''Reuters'', ''Der Spiegel'', ''World Magazine'', Eater, ''Financial Times'', ''CNBC Africa'', ''[[TechCabal]]'', àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn mìíràn.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2021-05-30|title=Nigeria's Commercial Hub Threatens to Jail Covid Transgressors|language=en|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-30/nigeria-s-commercial-hub-threatens-to-jail-covid-transgressors|access-date=2022-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Looking in, looking out on the world while under lockdown|language=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/looking-in-looking-out-on-the-world-whil-idUSRTS39CE2|access-date=2022-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-12-14|title=Nigeria: Wo das Blei aus unseren Batterien die Menschen vergiftet|language=de|url=https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/nigeria-wo-das-blei-aus-unseren-batterien-die-menschen-vergiftet-a-00000000-0002-0001-0000-000161350428|access-date=2022-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-07-28|title=A timely photo prize asks: What does home mean to you?|url=https://www.ft.com/content/75b8555b-3500-4380-99b1-6ba489e38030|access-date=2022-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-02-15|title=Nigeria: Africa's paradoxical powerhouse|url=https://www.ft.com/content/2b4233d7-2c7d-4e42-a243-ae5e9d6ef147|access-date=2022-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-09-19|title=How Nigeria's state lost the trust of its citizens|url=https://www.ft.com/content/bc086fd8-12c5-4a15-afc2-734be4443aac|access-date=2022-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2022, wọ́n gbé orúkọ Omokanye kalẹ̀ nínú ''ìwé ìròyìn The Globe and Mail'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùyàwòrán pàtàkì ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tó ń kojú “ìwòye òṣì” lórí Áfíríkà nípa ṣíṣe ayẹyẹ àṣà ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà nípasẹ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=With his celebration of West African fashion, photographer Adetona Omokanye goes beyond the 'poverty gaze'|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/style/article-photographer-adetona-omokanye-explores-the-past-present-of-west/|accessdate=2022-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n tún fọ̀rọ̀ wá a lẹ́nu wò láti ọ̀dọ̀ Union Art gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ayàwòrán méjìlá tí wọ́n ṣe àfihàn iṣẹ́ wọn ní ìfihàn “Black Dreams and Aspirations” tí wọ́n ṣe ní Toronto Union Station láti oṣù Kejì sí Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2024.  

Omokanye jẹ́ ọmọ-ẹgbẹ́ Diversify Photo—èyí tí í ṣe ẹgbẹ́ oníyàwòrán tí ó tako ìṣàkóso àwọn òkèèrè (colonialism) àti ìjọba ọkùnrin (patriarchy), tí ó sì ń ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún fífi àwọn ènìyàn aláwọ̀ dúdú, aláwọ̀ kọfí, àti àwọn tí kì í ṣe funfun (BIPOC) kún àwọn ètò—àti ti African Photojournalism Database (APJD), èyí tí ó jẹ́ iṣẹ́ àjọṣepọ̀ láàrin World Press Photo Foundation àti Everyday Africa.  

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Herzekiah Andrew Shanu</title>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362759565|Herzekiah Andrew Shanu]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox artist|name=Herzekiah Andrew Shanu|image=Hezekiah Andrew Shanu-Anciens rois de Boma.jpg|image_size=|caption=The Nine Kings of [[Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Boma]], [[Congo Free State]], c. 1890, halftone. A photograph by Shanu published in ''[[Le Congo illustré]]'' 1/19 (1892), p. 149.|birth_date=1858|birth_place=[[Lagos]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(modern-day [[Nigeria]])&lt;/small&gt;|death_date=1905|death_place=[[Boma, Kongo Central|Boma]], [[Congo Free State]]|nationality=|known_for=19-th century photography in West Africa}}


'''Herzekiah Andrew Shanu''' (1858 – Oṣù Keje 1905) jẹ́ olùyàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, tí a sì bí ní ìlú Èkó, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ti òde-òní. Ní Congo Free State, ó wá ṣí ilé-iṣẹ́ ìyàwòrán ní ìlú Boma, èyí tí ó jẹ́ olú-ìlú nígbà yẹn, ó sì kópa nínú ìpolongo lòdì sí ìlòkulò àwọn aláṣẹ ilẹ̀ Belgium.

== Àwọn ọdún ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Shanu jẹ́ ọmọ [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]], láti [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] báyìí. Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Grammar Church Missionary Society, lẹ́yìn náà ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ fún Àwọn Olùkọ́, lẹ́yìn náà ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ . Fún ọdún díẹ̀, ó kọ́ni ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Àkọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ kan ní Lagos.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|location=Paris}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 1884, ó wọ iṣẹ́ ìjọba amúnisìn ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Òmìnira ti Kongo gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀wé, nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yín ó dé ipò aṣojú agbègbè, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí atúmọ̀ èdè Faransé sí Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ọ́fíìsì gómìnà gbogbogbò ní Boma .  Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ara rẹ̀ kalẹ̀ ní Boma, olú ìlú nígbà náà, ó ṣí ilé ìtajà gbogbogbò àti ilé iṣẹ́ fọ́tò . Ní ọdún 1894, ó rìnrìn àjò lọ sí Antwerp láti lọ sí Àfihàn Àgbáyé ti Antwerp . A tẹ̀ àwọn fọ́tò rẹ̀ jáde nínú ''àwòrán Kóngò'' .  Ní ọdún 1900, ó fi ìdúróṣinṣin rẹ̀ hàn sí Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Congo nípa ṣíṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún àwọn aláṣẹ nígbà ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ Agbára Àwùjọ . 

== Ìjàpá ==
Ní ọdún 1903, Shanu fún Roger Casement ní ìwífún nípa ìlòkulò àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà ní Congo, àwọn náà sì tọ́ka sí i sí E.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwNw&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;D. Morel . Morel àti Shanu pàṣípààrọ̀ ìránṣẹ́ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún; pẹ̀lú àwọn nǹkan mìíràn, wọ́n fi àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ẹjọ́ lòdì sí àwọn aláṣẹ ìjọba Congo Free State tí ó wà ní ipò kékeré hàn. Nígbà tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú láti gba ìwífún láti ọ̀dọ̀ olórí ọlọ́pàá Boma, wọ́n rí Shanu, nítorí náà àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba dààmú rẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n rí i pé Shanu ti fún Ẹgbẹ́ Àtúntò Congo ní ẹ̀rí ìwà ìkà ní Congo, wọ́n pàṣẹ fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba láti má ṣe gba iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. Ó jìyà ìfowópamọ́, ó sì pa ara rẹ̀ ní oṣù Keje ọdún 1905.  &lt;sup&gt;[ojú ìwé tí a nílò]&lt;/sup&gt;

== Wo tun ==

* Ọgọ́sítọ́sì Wọ́sítín
* John Parkes Decker
* Francis W. Joaque
* Àwọn ayàwòrán Lutterodt
* [[Neils Walwin Holm]]
* JA Green (ayàwòrán)
* Alex Agbaglo Acolatse

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1905]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1858]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>ltbsghjaxr9soz8ot13vura8zvbe3at</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fọ́tò ní Nàìjíríà</title>
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      <id>636737</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T13:26:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370366112|Photography in Nigeria]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5735" sha1="fh1ha1obf369wbatvs1dyqgi8cthqlj" xml:space="preserve">'''Fọ́tò ní Nàìjíríà''' Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí iṣẹ́ ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, ó sì fa àwọn oníṣẹ́ mọ́ra láti oríṣiríṣi apá ibi ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà. Ọlá tí wọ́n ń fi fún iṣẹ́ yíyàwòrán ní Nàìjíríà ti mú kí wọ́n máa pe orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní 'ńlá nínú iṣẹ́ yíyàwòrán' ní agbègbè náà. 

== Ìgbà àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ fídíò ==
Daniel West (1815-1857), pásítọ̀ kan láti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ó ń rìnrìn àjò lọ sí àwọn ìjọ míṣọ́nnárì ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà, ó hàn gbangba pé ó lo àwọn àwòrán daguerrotypes ní [[Abẹ́òkúta|Abeokuta]] àti [[Èkó]] ní ọdún 1856, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn àwòrán nìkan ló ṣẹ́kù. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Paul Jenkins|title=A Provisional Survey of Nineteenth Century Photography on the Gold Coast and in Ashanti|url=https://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/127}}&lt;/ref&gt; Láti ọdún 1880 lọ, àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ fọ́tò ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n wà ní ìlú Èkó, tí àwọn ará Sierra Leone, Liberia, tàbí Brazil ní Nàìjíríà sábà máa ń ṣe.  Láti ọdún 1890 títí di ọdún 1910, [[Neils Walwin Holm]], tí a bí ní [[Etí Òkun Wúrà|Gold Coast]], ni “olùyàwòrán tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní ìlú Èkó”. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Charles Gore|title=Neils Walwin Holm: Radicalising the Image in Lagos Colony, West Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn aṣáájú àwòrán Nàìjíríà mìíràn ni HS Freeman (fl. 1925), Emmanuel Rockson, Alfred Mamattah, àti [[George Da Costa|George SA da Costa]] (1853-1929?). &lt;ref name=&quot;Nimis&quot; /&gt; Níta ìlú Èkó, Jonathan Adagogo Green (1873-1905) kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa fọ́tò ní [[Siẹrra Léònè|Sierra Leone]] kí ó tó padà sílé láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ kan sílẹ̀ ní Bonny . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Photographer J. A. Green: Reimagining the Indigenous and the Colonial|location=Bloomington}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní àwọn ọdún 1920 àti 1930 Kriol  Àwọn míṣọ́nnárì Kristẹni gba àwọn ènìyàn níyànjú láti ya fọ́tò ní Nàìjíríà.  Ní àwọn ọdún 1930, Olóyè Solomon Osagie Alonge di olùfọ́tò àkọ́kọ́ ní ààfin ọba [[Ìlú Benin|Benin City]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;PraiseNdecheAgbo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Billy Praise|title=The Evolution of Nigerian Photography|date=29 April 2018|url=https://guardian.ng/life/on-the-cover/the-evolution-of-nigerian-photography/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n dá Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Olùyàwòrán Ọjọ́gbọ́n ti Orílẹ̀-èdè (NPPA) sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1947. Ní àwọn ọdún 1950 àti 1960, iṣẹ́ náà gbilẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn olùyàwòrán olókìkí bíi Jackie Philips, Billyrose, àti Sunmi Smart-Cole . Peter Obe (1932-2013), oníròyìn fọ́tò fún ''Daily Times'', gba orúkọ rere fún ìròyìn rẹ̀ nípa Ogun Abẹ́lé Biafra . &lt;ref name=&quot;Nimis&quot; /&gt;

Wiwa ti aworan oníwọ̀ (colour) ní àwọn ọdún 1970 kọ́kọ́ fún àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ fọ́tò kékeré ní ìṣírí. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ní àwọn ọdún 1980, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńláńlá bíi Agfa dá àwọn ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ títẹ̀ àti ṣíṣe àwọn fọ́tò tiwọn sílẹ̀. Àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ fọ́tò tí ó wà ní ipò gíga pàdánù ipò wọn fún àwọn olùyàwòrán tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ fúnra wọn (freelance photographers); bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ń gbé ní òkè-òkun ti tẹ̀síwájú láti ní orúkọ rere fún iṣẹ́ fọ́tò tó pegedé ní Ghana, Niger, Ivory Coast àti Cameroon. 

== Fọ́tò ní Nàìjíríà lónìí ==
Àṣà àwòrán àwọn [[Ìran Yorùbá|ará Yorùbá]] ń tẹ̀síwájú láti gbilẹ̀, àwọn ilé ìtajà tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn ohun èlò àwòrán sì wà ní [[Alaba International Market|Ọjà Àgbáyé Alaba]] àti [[Lagos Island|Erékùsù Lagos]] . 

[[Yaba College of Technology|Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Yaba]] ní ìlú Èkó, àti Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìròyìn ti orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní [[Ìbàdàn|ìlú Ìbàdàn]], ń fúnni ní ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa iṣẹ́ ìròyìn fọ́tò . Ìwé ìròyìn ojoojúmọ́ náà, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian,]]'' gba àwọn oníròyìn fọ́tò méjìlá tí wọ́n ń gba owó oṣù, tí wọ́n sì ń fi àwọn fọ́tò ránṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìròyìn wọn.  Àwọn oníròyìn fọ́tò ti ní ìkọlù ní Nàìjíríà nígbà míì. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2012/aug/14/journalist-safety-nigeria|title=Attacks on Nigerian photojournalists}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, wọ́n ṣì ní orúkọ rere ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. [[Terra Kulture]] ṣe ìfihàn iṣẹ́ oníròyìn fọ́tò onígbàlódé Sunmi Smart-Cole ní ọdún 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Retrospective 43 years of photojournalism from the veteran, Sunmi Smart-Cole|url=https://guardian.ng/art/retrospective-43-years-of-photojournalism-from-the-veteran-sunmi-smart-cole/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikú oníròyìn fọ́tò ti ''Guardian'' Najeem Raheem ní ọdún 2021 ni wọ́n ṣọ̀fọ̀ rẹ̀ gan-an. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Makinde mourns Guardian newspaper's photo journalist Raheem|url=https://thisnigeria.com/makinde-mourns-guardian-newspapers-photo-journalist-raheem/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=MMPN Mourns Passage Of Guardian Photojournalist|url=https://independent.ng/mmpn-mourns-passage-of-guardian-photojournalist/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <comment>Dídá CSS Ojúewé Àkọ́kọ́ (Propose)</comment>
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      <comment>HERODOE changed the content model of the page [[Oníṣe:HERODOE/sandbox/styles.css]] from &quot;CSS&quot; to &quot;Sanitized CSS&quot;: TemplateStyles update</comment>
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    line-height: 1.6; /* Establishes a comfortable baseline grid for reading */
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/* Give the left column (Featured Articles) slightly more visual weight */
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/* Typographic Hierarchy for Section Headers */
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    <title>Misan Harriman</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373507851|Misan Harriman]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Misan Harriman &lt;!-- use common name/article title --&gt;|image=2022 - Opening Night PO1 3566 (52470197912) (cropped).jpg|alt=&lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;|caption=Harriman in 2022|birth_name=&lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1977|12|15|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Calabar]], [[Cross River State]], Nigeria|death_date=&lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --&gt;|death_place=|other_names=|occupation=Photographer, entrepreneur, Chair of [[Southbank Centre]]|years_active=2017–present|known_for=Photography|notable_works=|spouse=Camilla Holmstroem|children=2|website=}}'''Misan Harriman''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1977)  Ó jẹ́ olùyàwòrán, oníṣòwò, àti ajìjàgbara fún ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọnìyàlà, tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà tí ó sì jẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Britain. Yàtọ̀ sí pé ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn olùyàwòrán tí àwọn iṣẹ́ wọn gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìgbésẹ̀ 'Black Lives Matter', Harriman tún jẹ́ ọkùnrin aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ya àwòrán fún ojú-ìwé iwájú ìwé-ìròyìn 'British Vogue'. Ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2021, Harriman bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Alága ìgbìmọ̀ àwọn olùtọ́jú fún Southbank Centre ní London.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2021/may/20/black-lives-matter-photographer-misan-harriman-becomes-southbank-centre-chair|title=Black Lives Matter photographer becomes Southbank Centre chair|first=Mark|last=Brown|newspaper=The Guardian|date=20 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ní oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2025, wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú tí ó ní ipa pàtàkì jùlọ ní orílẹ̀-èdè UK nínú àkójọ 'Powerlist' ti ọdún 2026.

== Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
A bí Harriman ní [[Calabar]], Nàìjíríà, ní ọdún 1977.   Ọmọ Chief Hope Harriman ni, oníṣòwò àti olóṣèlú tó jẹ́ bílíọ̀nù kan láti [[Warri]] ní [[ìpínlẹ̀ Delta]] ní Nàìjíríà. Olórí Harriman jẹ́ ẹni tó ní orúkọ oyè nínú ètò àwọn ọba Nàìjíríà, ó sì jẹ́ ọmọ ọba Akengbuwa Kìíní, Olú ti Warri ní ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún àti kọkàndínlógún.   Bàbá bàbá rẹ̀ ni Arthur Leonard Harriman (1899 - 1991) láti Romford, Essex, United Kingdom. Ọmọ John Leonard Harriman àti Alice Isabelle Smith ni. Wọ́n gbé Arthur Leonard, baba Hope, láti United Kingdom lọ sí Nigeria, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ John Holt &amp; Co. (Liverpool) Ltd, láti mú kí àǹfààní ìṣòwò àti ìfẹ̀sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pọ̀ sí i ní Niger Delta, pàápàá jùlọ Warri.

Harriman lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Stubbington House àti Ile-iwe giga Bradfield ní England. Lẹ́yìn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó ṣiṣẹ́ ní iṣẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ ní ìlú London . 

== Iṣẹ́ fọ́tò ==
Harriman ní ìfẹ́ sí fọ́tò láti ìgbà ọmọdé, èyí pẹ̀lú ṣíṣe ìgbéjáde ní ilé ìwé nípa lílo ìmọ́lẹ̀ Stanley Kubrick nínú ''Barry Lyndon'' (1975) ọmọ ọdún mẹ́sàn-án. Ní ọdún 2016, Harriman dá ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára sílẹ̀, What We See. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ya fọ́tò ní ọdún 2017, ó sì ń kọ́ ara rẹ̀ lẹ́kọ̀ọ́.  

=== Àwọn Gbajúmọ̀ ===
Iṣẹ́ fọ́tò Harriman ti ní nínú yíyàwòrán àwọn gbajúmọ̀, títí bí [[Rihanna]], Stormzy, Olivia Colman, Princess Beatrice, Meghan, Duchess ti Sussex, [[Cate Blanchett]], [[Chiwetel Ejiofor]] àti [[Tom Cruise]] .  Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2021, Harriman ya àwòrán tí wọ́n fi kéde oyun Meghan, Duchess ti Sussex.  Ní oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2022, Harriman ya àwòrán ọmọ ọdún kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor . 

=== Ìròyìn ===
Harriman ya àwọn àwòrán tó ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi &quot;Extinction Rebellion,&quot; ìwọ́de láti tako ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti àwọn ìwọ́de láti tako Trump ní ọdún 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;BJPJune202&quot;&gt;Warner, Marigold (23 June 2020). [https://www.bjp-online.com/2020/06/misan-harriman-black-lives-matter-london/ &quot;Misan Harriman on photographing London's BLM protests&quot;]. ''[[The British Journal of Photography]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ìgbà ìrúwé ọdún 2020, ó ya ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwòrán àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ń gbé lábẹ́ àṣẹ títìpa-ìlú-mọ́-ni (lockdown) nítorí àrùn COVID-19 ní ìlú rẹ̀, Woking; èyí jẹ́ ara iṣẹ́-àkànṣe kan tí ó pè ní &quot;Lost in Isolation.&quot;.   Àwọn àwòrán rẹ̀ ti àwọn ìfẹ̀hónúhàn [[Black Lives Matter]] tí a yà ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 2020 fara hàn lórí BBC àti nínú ìwé ìròyìn ''Vogue'' àti ''[[The Guardian]]'', wọ́n sì fi hàn ní oṣù Keje lórí Piccadilly Lights ní Piccadilly Circus ní Àárín Gbùngbùn London.  Àwòrán Harriman tó ní ìbòjú mẹ́ta fún ìwé ìròyìn ''Vogue'' ti oṣù kẹsàn-án—tí ó jẹ́ àtẹ̀jáde pàtàkì jùlọ ní ọdún yìí     —ní àwọn àwòrán Adwoa Aboah, Marcus Rashford àti àwọn ajìjàgbara mẹ́jọdínlógún mìíràn tí wọ́n ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Black Lives Matter láti gbogbo àgbáyé.   Àwọn olùyàwòrán méjì, Cornelius Walker àti Ron Timehin, ló ràn án lọ́wọ́.  
[[File:Misan_Harriman_-_Stop_the_genocide_(2024_film).jpg|thumb| Harriman kópa nínú ẹ̀bẹ̀ lórí ìjà Gaza ní ọdún 2024]]
Ní ọdún 2024, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ iṣẹ́ Harriman dá lórí àwọn ìwọ́de ní London tí wọ́n ń rọ àwọn ènìyàn láti dá ogun Gaza dúró . 

Ní ọdún 2025, Harriman ṣe ìfihàn pàtàkì àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Hope 93 ní Fitzrovia, London, tí ó ṣe àfihàn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2019 sí 2025 lórí ìgbòkègbodò kárí ayé. 

Wọ́n gbé ''fíìmù Shoot the People'' jáde, fíìmù ìtàn nípa ìgbésí ayé Harriman gẹ́gẹ́ bí ajìjàgbara àti olùyàwòrán, ní Watermelon Pictures ní oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2026. 

== Àwọn ìgbòkègbodò míràn ==
Ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2021, Harriman gba ipò alága àwọn olùtọ́jú ilé-iṣẹ́ Southbank Centre .  

Ní ọdún 2023, ó ṣe àkójọpọ̀ fíìmù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ''The After'', fíìmù kúkúrú kan nípa ọkùnrin kan tí ó pàdánù ìdílé rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n fi ọ̀bẹ gún ún, tí [[David Oyelowo]] kópa nínú rẹ̀. Fíìmù náà, tí Nicky Bentham ṣe fún [[Netflix]], ni wọ́n yàn fún Fíìmù Kúkúrú Tí Ó Dáa Jùlọ Nínú Fíìmù Àkọ́kọ́ Tí Ó Dáa Jùlọ ní Àmì Ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards ti ọdún 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://von.gov.ng/short-film-the-after-gets-nominated-for-2024-oscar-awards/|title=Short film 'The After' gets nominated for 2024 Oscar Awards|author=Stephanie Simon|date=24 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí a fi ẹ̀sùn kan lòdì sí àwọn Júù ==
Lẹ́yìn ìkọlù ọ̀bẹ tí wọ́n fi ọ̀bẹ ṣe ní Golders Green ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2026, Harriman ṣe àríwísí àwọn oníròyìn fún bí wọ́n ṣe ń sọ̀rọ̀ nípa ẹni tí wọ́n kọ́kọ́ pa, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Mùsùlùmí, ju bí wọ́n ṣe ń sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn méjì tí wọ́n kú lẹ́yìn náà, tí wọ́n wọ aṣọ àwọn Júù Orthodox. Lẹ́yìn ìdìbò agbègbè UK ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2026, níbi tí Reform UK ti ṣe dáadáa, Harriman fa ọ̀rọ̀ Susan Sontag yọ nípa Ìpakúpa Rẹpẹtẹ : &quot;10% àwọn ènìyàn ní gbogbo àwùjọ jẹ́ oníkà láìka ohun tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ sí, àti 10% jẹ́ aláàánú láìka ohun tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ sí, àti èkejì - èyí ṣe pàtàkì - àwọn 80% yòókù tí ó kù lè yí padà sí ìhà méjèèjì. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀nà jíjinlẹ̀ láti wo wa. Ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àbájáde ìdìbò àná, ó jẹ́ ohun tí mo rò pé ó jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀ pàtàkì.&quot;  Ní oṣù kẹfà, Harriman sọ̀rọ̀ lórí àwọn ìwọ́de ńlá ní Albania lòdì sí ètò ìsinmi Sazan Island Resort tí Jared Kushner àti Ivanka Trump ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún. Nínú ìfìwéránṣẹ́ kan lórí ìkànnì àwùjọ, Harriman pín ìjápọ̀ sí ìfìwéránṣẹ́ kan tí ó sọ pé Kushner àti Ivanka Trump “ń ta etíkun Albania fún àwọn olówó-ọrọ̀ Júù àti iṣẹ́ ológun Ísírẹ́lì.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Southbank chief in fresh row over ‘anti-Semitic’ conspiracy theory|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2026/06/08/southbank-chief-anti-semitic-conspiracy-theory/|access-date=10 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìpolongo lòdì sí àwọn Júù sọ pé díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ Harriman jẹ́ ohun tó ń fa ìbínú. Lẹ́yìn ẹ̀sùn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn aṣòfin àti ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tó ju 64 lọ, Lisa Nandy sọ pé Ìgbìmọ̀ Àjọ Àánú, Ìgbìmọ̀ Arts Council England, àti Southbank Centre ń ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ọ̀ràn náà, pẹ̀lú Ìgbìmọ̀ Arts Council ní agbára láti dá owó ìnáwó gbogbogbò dúró tàbí láti yọ kúrò tí a bá rí i pé wọ́n ti rú òfin ìrànlọ́wọ́ náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph-SC&quot; /&gt; 

Nígbà tí Lanre Bakare ń kọ̀wé sí ''[[The Guardian|ìwé ìròyìn The Guardian]]'', ó sọ pé apá kan lára àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì bínú sí bí àwọn ènìyàn ṣe gba èrò Harriman dáadáa àti pé Harriman ti gba ìròyìn búburú nínú ìwé ìròyìn ''The Daily Telegraph'', ''The Times'', ''The Daily Mail'', ''The Daily Express'' àti GB News .  Ìwé ẹ̀bẹ̀ tí Mark Ruffalo, [[Susan Sarandon]], Gary Lineker, Greta Thunberg, Tracey Emin, Benjamin Moser àti àwọn mìíràn fọwọ́ sí sọ pé Harriman ni wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn èké kàn. Ẹ̀rí àtìlẹ́yìn lórí ayélujára kan tó yàtọ̀ sí ti Harriman gba ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ tó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún (100,000). &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian070726&quot; /&gt;  

Ní Okudu kẹfà ọdún 2026, Harriman kéde pé òun yóò fi ipò aláàga àwọn olùtọ́jú ilé-iṣẹ́ Southbank sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ìwọ́-oòrùn ọdún 2026. Òun àti Southbank Centre sọ pé ìpinnu náà wáyé ní oṣù January, kò sì ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àríyànjiyàn tó wáyé nípa àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ àti ìgbòkègbodò rẹ̀ lórí ìkànnì ayélujára. &lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph-SC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2026/06/24/southbank-chairman-misan-harriman-quitting-accusations/|title=Southbank chief in anti-Semitism row to stand down a year early|journal=The Telegraph|first1=Janet|last=Eastham|first2=Craig|last2=Simpson|date=24 June 2026|accessdate=7 July 2026|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/RaFIL|archivedate=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;JPost-SC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-900547|title=Chair of Britain's largest arts center to step down amid antisemitism scrutiny|journal=The Jerusalem Post|first1=Kelly|last=Hartog|date=25 June 2026|accessdate=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harriman ti fẹ́ Camilla Holmstroem. Wọ́n ní ọmọbìnrin méjì. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1977]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
      <sha1>nonfei9csxmiolsbhgykwemcmeapbj8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>August Udoh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373602548|August Udoh]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>636741</origin>
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      <text bytes="2967" sha1="7jk2f57u81ysq16xs7rgo1hl1cb3djl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=August Udoh|image=|citizenship=[[Nigeria]]|death_date=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_place=|occupation=Photographer|years active=}}

 
'''August Udoh'''  jẹ́ olùyàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ fún àwọn àwòrán rẹ̀ ti àwọn akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ agbá-ìjà-ẹlẹ́ṣẹ̀ (Dambe) ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated12&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/08/africa/august-udoh-dambe-nigeria/index.html|title=Forgotten Nigerian martial art is growing online|first=Nosmot|last=Gbadamosi|publisher=CNN|access-date=9 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ti ya àwòrán ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn gbajúmọ̀ ènìyàn, títí kan M.I Abaga, eLDee, Eva Alordiah, Burna Boy, YCee,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://farabaleweekly.com/2016/12/01/feel-the-monochrome-mode-10-photos-by-portraitist-august-udoh/|title=Feel The Monochrome Mode: 10 Photos By Portraitist August Udoh|last=Caine|first=Banke|date=9 October 2018|website=Farabale Weekly}}&lt;/ref&gt;Iceprince àti àwọn mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://resourcemagonline.com/2013/06/august-udoh-chairman-of-photography-in-nigeria-shares-his-insight-of-the-field/27793/|title=August Udoh, Chairman of Photography in Nigeria, Shares his Insight of the Field|website=resourcemagonline.com|access-date=9 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=This Photo Series By August Udoh Explores The Beauty of Alpha Beach {{!}} Ndani Lifestyle|url=http://ndanilifestyle.com/this-photo-series-by-august-udoh-explores-the-beauty-of-alpha-beach/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322101800/http://ndanilifestyle.com/this-photo-series-by-august-udoh-explores-the-beauty-of-alpha-beach/|archive-date=2017-03-22|access-date=9 October 2018|website=ndanilifestyle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ní ọdún 2017, ó ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn àwòrán nípa àwọn eléré-ìdárayá tí wọ́n ní àbùkù ara, èyí tí ó ṣe láti mú kí àwọn ènìyàn mọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpèníjà tí wọ́n ń kojú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jacon|date=7 July 2017|title=August Udoh Beautifully Captures The Strength of Athletes With Disabilities|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/lifestyle/photographer-captures-athletes-with-disabilities-in-these-striking-shots/|archivedate=2017-07-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 2018, ó ṣe àwòrán eré &quot;Dambe&quot; tí ó ṣe àfihàn ẹgbẹ́ ìjà ogun lábẹ́ ilẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní Dambe. Ó ṣẹ̀dá àwọn àwòrán náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti “tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ sí irú àwọn ìyàtọ̀ agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.” &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/08/africa/august-udoh-dambe-nigeria/index.html|title=Forgotten Nigerian martial art is growing online|first=Nosmot|last=Gbadamosi|publisher=CNN|access-date=9 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>7jk2f57u81ysq16xs7rgo1hl1cb3djl</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>James Iroha Uchechukwu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84273</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636742</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T13:33:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372665036|James Iroha Uchechukwu]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|image=|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth year and age|1972}}|birth_place=[[Enugu (city)|Enugu]], Nigeria|education=[[University of Port Harcourt]]|occupation=Photographer|years_active=1996 - Present|other_names=Uche James-Iroha; Uchechukwu James Iroha|spouse=Chinwe James Iroha ( m. 2007)|father=James Iroha|awards=Prince Claus Award 2008}}


'''James Iroha Uchechukwu''' // ⓘ Ó jẹ́ olùyàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Wọ́n bí i ní ọdún 1972 ní ìlú Enugu. A mọ̀ ọ́n fún iṣẹ́ yíyàwòrán rẹ̀, àtìlẹ́yìn rẹ̀ fún àwọn olùyàwòrán ọ̀dọ́, àti fífi ìmọ̀ rẹ̀ kọ́ àwọn ọ̀dọ́. Bákan náà, wọ́n kà á sí ẹni tí ó ti fẹ̀ ààlà iṣẹ́ yíyàwòrán ní Nàìjíríà sí i ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.. &lt;ref name=&quot;PCP2008UJI&quot;&gt;Prince Claus Fund (2008) [http://www.princeclausfund.org/en/network/user/id/105 biography]{{Dead link|date=September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Uchechukwu ni ọmọ kẹta ti James Iroha, apanilerin ọmọ Naijiria olokiki, ẹniti o ṣẹda eto apanilerin tẹlifisiọnu olokiki - The New Masquerade ati pe o tun ṣe bi ohun kikọ Gringori. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=29 December 2019|title=Nollywood history can’t be written without Giringory’s name —Son|url=https://punchng.com/nollywood-history-cant-be-written-without-giringorys-name-son/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ka bàbá rẹ̀ sí ẹni tó lágbára jùlọ nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=My father, strongest influence on my works|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/my-father-strongest-influence-on-my-works/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ẹ̀kọ́ àti iṣẹ́ ==
Uchechukwu bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ère ní ọdún 1990 ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Àwòrán ti Yunifásítì ti Port Harcourt . Ó gba oyè ìwé-ẹ̀rí rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1996, lẹ́yìn náà ó tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú iṣẹ́ tí ó ń ṣe lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ báyìí, ìyẹn iṣẹ́ fọ́tò. Nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀, Uchechukwu yọ́ àtúnṣe òtítọ́ gbogbogbò pẹ̀lú “èdè” ìṣẹ̀dá ti ìrònú, nípa èyí tí ó fi ń fa àwọn àǹfààní fọ́tò tí ó sì ń fúnni ní ìtọ́sọ́nà tuntun sí iṣẹ́ ọnà àdúgbò.  

Ó jẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ Depth of Field (DOF), àpapọ̀ àwọn ayàwòrán, àwọn ayàwòrán, àti àwọn ayàwòrán. Ó gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti kó àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin mẹ́fà tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀bùn fọ́tò jọ láti dá ẹgbẹ́ DOF sílẹ̀. Ó ṣètò ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìfihàn iṣẹ́ wọn ní Nàìjíríà àti ní òkèèrè. Ó tún ń kọ́ni ní fọ́tò nípa ṣíṣe àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́.  

Ní ọdún 2004. Uchechukwu gbé àwọn fọ́tò tó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ kalẹ̀ lórí àwọn ilé ìtajà àwọn ẹran tí wọ́n ń pa ẹran ní gbangba ní [[Èkó]], pẹ̀lú orúkọ rẹ̀ ni ''Iná, Ẹran àti Ẹ̀jẹ̀'' . Àkọ́kọ́, àwọn fọ́tò náà ní ìtàn àròkọ, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn nítorí bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe àwọn àwòrán aláwọ̀ dúdú àti àwọn àwòrán tó ń mú èéfín pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn adájọ́ ti Prince Claus Fund ti ọdún 2008 ṣàpèjúwe àwọn fọ́tò náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “kíkankíkan, onínúure, alágbára àti ewì”.  

Ní ọdún 2005. Uchechukwu gba ẹ̀bùn Élan Price lórí African Photography Encounters ní [[Mali]] fún iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ''Fire, Flesh and Blood'' .  &lt;ref name=&quot;PCP2008UJI&quot; /&gt; Ní ọdún 2008, wọ́n fún un ní ẹ̀bùn Prince Claus láti [[Nẹ́dálándì|Netherlands]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;PCP2008UJI&quot; /&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
Uche jẹ́ Kristẹni. Ó pàdé Chinwe ìyàwó rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2007, ó sì fẹ́ ẹ 

== Àwọn ìfihàn ==
Uchechukwu kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìfihàn, títí kan àwọn wọ̀nyí:    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=22 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2005: ''Ijinle ti Field'', South London Gallery, London
* 2005: ''Un autre monde/Agbaye miiran:'' VI Rencontres Africaines de la Photographie, Maison Africaine de la Photographie &amp; Center de Cultura Contemporània, [[Bamako]]
* 2006: ''1st Singapore Biennale'', Singapore
* 2007: ''Àyájọ́ Kejì ti Àgbáyé ti Àwọn Ọnà Ìṣẹ̀dá Ọjọ́ Òní ti Seville (BIACS 2): Àwọn Àìníláárí: Àwọn Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Àwòrán nínú Àgbáyé'', Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo, [[Seville]]
* 2007: ''Àwòrán Ìgbésí Ayé: Láti Bamako sí San Francisco'', Ilé Ìkóhun-Ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé ti Àwọn Ará Áfíríkà, San Francisco
* 2008: ''Travesia'', Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno, Las Palmas de [[Gran Canaria]]
* 2008: ''Awọn idajọ Snap'', nipasẹ [[Okwui Enwezor]], Ile ọnọ Stedelijk, Amsterdam
* 2009: ''Ìpàdé Bamako kẹjọ, Àkójọpọ̀ Fọ́tò-Ààlà Áfíríkà ní ọdún méjì'', Bamako
* 2018: ''Ṣíṣe ìdíje fún ìfihàn tó kọjá'', Institute of African Studies . [[Yunifásítì ìlú Ìbàdàn|Yunifásítì ti Ìbàdàn]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Ìpínlẹ̀ Oyo]] .
* 2019: ''A quelle ijinna est le passé du présent'' ? , LeCentre [[Benin]]

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1972]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <comment>Àdánwò fún ojúewé àkọ́kọ́ tuntun</comment>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348225117|J. A. Green (photographer)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person/Wikidata|fetchwikidata=ALL|image=File:Jonathan Adagogo Green portrait.jpg|image_upright=0.8|caption=Jonathan Adagogo Green, 1900|birth_place=[[Asarama|Ayama]], [[Kingdom of Bonny]]|years_active=|known_for=early photography in historical Nigeria}}

 
[[File:Uvorama_(Overami)_Nabeshi,_The_Last_King_(Oba)_Of_Benin.jpg|thumb| Ovonramwen, [[Oba of Benin|Oba Benin]], tí Green yàwòrán rẹ̀ lórí ọkọ̀ ojú omi SY ''Ivy'' ti Niger Coast Protectorate, nígbà tí Oba ń lọ sí ìgbèkùn ní ọdún 1897]]
'''Jonathan Adagogo Green''' (1873–1905) Ó jẹ́ olùyàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, tí wọ́n sì kà sí ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn olùyàwòrán ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n àkọ́kọ́ láti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ní orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀. Wọ́n mọ̀ ọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣáájú nínú iṣẹ́ yíyàwòrán ní Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà, tí ó sì gbajúmọ̀ fún gbígbàsílẹ̀ àwòrán ìgbésí ayé lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso àwọn amúnisìn àti ti àṣà àdúgbò, pàápàá jùlọ ti àwùjọ Ibani Ijo rẹ̀.

Ilé ìkópamọ́ àwòrán rẹ̀ ni Ile ọnọ ti Ilu Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Àwọn Àkọsílẹ̀ Unilever àti awọn Àkọsílẹ̀ Ìtàn Bristol ní United Kingdom, àti Ile-išọ́ Àwòrán Áfíríkà ti Orílẹ̀-èdè ní Washington, DC ló kó àwọn iṣẹ́ fọ́tò rẹ̀ jọ.

== Ìgbésí ayé àti iṣẹ́ ==
A bi Green ni Ayama-Peterside, Ijọba Bonny, [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Rivers|Ipinle Rivers]] loni, Nigeria, fun Sunju Okoronkwoye Dublin Green ati Idameinye Green. Bàbá rẹ̀ jẹ́ olórí abúlé àti oníṣòwò epo ọ̀pẹ tí ó kú ní ọdún 1875, lẹ́yìn náà ni àbúrò baba rẹ̀, Uruasi Dublin Green, tọ́ Green dàgbà. Ó gba ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Bonny's Church Mission Society àti ní [[Èkó]] .  &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Akyeampong|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Green kọ́ iṣẹ́ oluyàwòrán ní Sierra Leone nígbà tó wà ní nǹkan bí ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún, lẹ́yìn náà ló sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ tirẹ̀ sílẹ̀ ní Bonny. Agbègbè tí ó ń gbé di ara agbègbè ààbò &quot;British Oil Rivers&quot; ní ọdún 1884, èyí tí wọ́n sì yí orúkọ rẹ̀ padà sí &quot;Niger Coast Protectorate&quot; ní ọdún 1893. Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn àwòrán rẹ̀ ni ó yà ní Bonny, Opobo, àti Kalabari. Láti ọdún 1900 lọ, àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí di ara agbègbè ààbò &quot;Southern Nigeria Protectorate&quot; fún àwọn ọdún díẹ̀ tó kẹ́yìn nínú ayé Green.

Àwọn àwòrán Green ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ kókó ọ̀rọ̀, láti àwòrán títí dé àwòrán ìgbésí ayé ojoojúmọ́ àti ti ìbílẹ̀, ìṣòwò, àti àwọn àwòrán ilé. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn fọ́tò rẹ̀ tó lé ní 300 ni wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde nínú àwọn ìwé àti ìwé ìròyìn ní Yúróòpù àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ni afikun, o ṣe awọn kaadi ifiranṣẹ ti a wọpọ ati awọn kaadi ifiranṣẹ gidi pẹlu aami rẹ ti a fi ami si . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|location=Boston}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Rp|}}

Green jẹ́ olùfọ́tò fún ìgbà díẹ̀, nítorí ó kú ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n. Ọmọkunrin rẹ̀, Gobo Green, tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ fọ́tò yíyàwòrán lẹ́yìn náà, ọmọ ìran rẹ̀ kan, James A. Green, sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ilé iṣẹ́ náà títí di ọdún 1993. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

== Ìwé ìtàn ==
Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé nígbà ayé Green kò tẹ ìwé jáde fúnra rẹ̀, a tún àwọn fọ́tò rẹ̀ kan ṣe àtúnsọ nínú ìwé ìròyìn àti nínú ìwé fọ́tò ''Benin, orílẹ̀-èdè tó yí i ká, àwọn olùgbé, àṣà àti ìṣòwò'' (Ìtẹ̀wé “Ìwé Ìròyìn ti Commerce”, Liverpool 1897) láti ọwọ́ James Pinnock. 

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Nínú iṣẹ́ àkójọpọ̀ wọn nípa Green, Martha G. Anderson àti Lisa Aronson, àti àwọn olùkópa Christraud M. Geary àti àwọn òǹkọ̀wé Nàìjíríà Ebiegberi Joe Alagoa àti [[Tam Fiofori]] tẹ àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ wọn jáde pẹ̀lú 350 àwòrán Green láti inú àkójọ ìwé, àwọn ìtẹ̀jáde, àti àwọn àwo orin nípa àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìjọba amúnisìn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/12258076|title=African photographer J.A. Green: reimagining the indigenous and the colonial|date=2017|location=Bloomington, Indiana, USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Robert Cochran láti Yunifásítì Arkansas ṣe kọ nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ lórí ìwé Oluyaworan ọmọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà JA Green: ''Reimagining the Indigenous and the Colonial'', “[...] ó ní agbára láti ṣiṣẹ́, ó sì jẹ́ onígboyà ní ṣíṣiṣẹ́ fún àwọn oníbàárà àti àwọn ará ìbílẹ̀. [...] Nígbà tí ó dá ilé ìtajà sílẹ̀, àwọn àwùjọ méjì tí ó yàtọ̀ síra ló mọrírì iṣẹ́ rẹ̀, wọ́n sì san án lẹ́san.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2018-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; “Lílo àwọn lẹ́tà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ lórí káàdì ìṣòwò àti sítáǹbù rẹ̀ [...] fi ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ pamọ́ sí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà”, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ara iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn aláṣẹ ìgbà ìjọba amúnisìn. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Àwọn fọ́tò tí a fi Green ṣe àti èyí tí a lè rí lórí ayélujára ni a lè rí nínú Àkójọpọ̀ Jones ti Ilé-ìkówọ́-pamọ́-sí-ìtàn Bristol  àti  Ile-iṣẹ Ìṣọ̀kan Afirika ti Unilever Archives ní London.  Ni afikun, a ṣe awọn fọto aadọrin ni Ile ọnọ musiọmu ti Ilu Gẹẹsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2024-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwo orin àwọn fọ́tò rẹ̀ tún wà nínú Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives of the National Museum of African Art ní Washington, DC, èyí tí kò sí lórí ayélujára (Nigeria Photography Album ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1890–1900). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-01-01|title=Photography as Absence: Implicit Histories (Africa, Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries)|url=https://www.academia.edu/104268165}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwòrán ibi ìkópamọ́ ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Portrait-of-Prince-Archibong-II-by-J.A.-Green.jpg|alt=Prince Archibong II, Calabar| Ọmọ-alade Archibong Kejì, [[Calabar]]
File:J_A_Green_photograph_of_Chief_Dore,_Benin.jpg|alt=Chief Dore, Benin City| Olórí Dore, [[ìlú Benin]]
File:Attributed_to_J.A._Green,_Chief_William_Brown_and_his_wives,_Bonny,_Nigeria.jpg|alt=Chief William Brown and his wives, Bonny, Nigeria| Olórí William Brown àti àwọn ìyàwó rẹ̀, Bonny, Nàìjíríà
File:J_A_Green_Photograph_of_Chief_Arthur_Prest_and_the_Olu_of_Warri.jpg|alt=Chief Arthur Prest and Erejuwa II, the Olu of Warri| Chief Arthur Perst and Erejuwa II, the [[Olú|Olu]] of [[Warri]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Wo tun ==

* John Parkes Decker
* Francis W. Joaque
* Àwọn ayàwòrán Lutterodt
* [[Neils Walwin Holm]]
* Ọgọ́sítọ́sì Wọ́sítín
* Alphonso Lisk-Carew
* Alex Agbaglo Acolatse

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1905]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1873]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
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    <title>Tidiani Shitou</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354835974|Tidiani Shitou]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox artist|name=Tidiani Shitou}}&quot;El Hadj&quot; '''Tidiani Shitou''' (1933–2000) jẹ́ olùyàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ fún àwọn àwòrán aṣáájú-ọ̀nà rẹ̀ nípa àwọn ayẹyẹ àwọn Yorùbá àti àwọn àwòrán àwọn ìbejì ní Nàìjíríà.

== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
A bí Shitou ní Shaki, ní agbègbè Oyo ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1933. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ẹ̀yà Yorùbá, iṣẹ́ akọ́kọ́ tí Shitou ṣe ní Nàìjíríà ni ti irán-aṣọ àti títà ọjà. Ní àárín àwọn ọdún 1950, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní kọ́ iṣẹ́ yíya àwòrán lọ́dọ̀ Mama Awane, ní parí rẹ̀ ó sì kó lọ sí Mopti, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Mali ní ọdún 1962.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=MIcheli|first=Angelo|title=Tidiani Shitou|url=http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=evenement&amp;no=13166|work=AfriCulture|publisher=WikiAfrica|accessdate=25 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní Mali, Shitou tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nípa yíya àwòrán pẹ̀lú olùyàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Mali kan tí a ń pè ní Bosco Maiga. Láàárín àkókò yìí, Shitou rin ìrìn-àjò lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè náà, ó sì kọ́kọ́ dúró sí Gao kí ó tó wá lọ sí Bamako. Ó tẹ̀síwájú láti máa rin ìrìn-àjò káàkiri gúúsù ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà láti wá àwọn ohun tí yóò yà ní àwòrán àti àwọn olùkọ́ni ní iṣẹ́ yíya àwòrán. Ní ọdún 1971, ó tún padà lọ dúró sí Mopti pẹ̀lú aya rẹ̀ kejì, Sarah Woussouf. Ó tẹ̀síwájú láti máa rin ìrìn-àjò káàkiri agbègbè gúúsù Sahara ní Áfíríkà láti wá àwọn ohun tí yóò yà ní àwòrán àti àwọn ọgbọ́n iṣẹ́ tuntun. Ní ọdún 1980, ó lọ ṣe ìrìn-àjò ẹ̀sìn sí Mecca, nígbà tí ó sì padà dé, ó gba orúkọ-ògo tí a ń pè ní &quot;El Hadj,&quot; èyí tí ó jẹ́ orúkọ tí wọ́n máa ń pe àwọn Mùsùlùmí tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìrìn-àjò lọ sí Mecca. Níbẹ̀ ni ó ti dá ilé-iṣẹ́ yíya àwòrán rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, tí ó pè ní Gangal, níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ títí tí ó fi kú ní ọdún 2000. Shitou fi aya mẹ́rin àti ọmọ mẹ́rìndinlọgbọn-lé-ní-wẹ́wẹ́ (26) sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀.

== Iṣẹ́ fọ́tò ==
A mọ̀ Shitou dáadáa fún àtúnṣe iṣẹ́ ọnà ìbílẹ̀ Ibeji ti ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Nínú fọ́tò ìbílẹ̀ Ibeji, a máa ń ṣe fọ́tò ní ìlọ́po méjì láti lè mú àìní àwọn ènìyàn tí a ń lò nínú ẹgbẹ́ ìsìn náà ṣẹ. Marilyn Houlberg kọ̀wé pé: “Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tuntun kan ní Ila-orangun, Ibomina, ni lílo àwọn fọ́tò láti ṣàpẹẹrẹ àwọn ìbejì tí wọ́n ti kú. Lílo fọ́tò náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìsopọ̀ pẹ̀lú ayé ẹ̀mí kò tíì ṣẹlẹ̀ rí nínú ìtàn fọ́tò bí mo ti mọ̀.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lawal|first1=Babtunde|title=Twins in African and Diaspora Cultures: Double Trouble, Twice Blessed|year=2011|publisher=Indiana University Press|place=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=978-0-253-35624-6|page=94}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn fọ́tò Shitou lo àwọn ọ̀nà ìṣàpẹẹrẹ àwòrán àti àwòrán àtijọ́ tí àwọn Yorùbá ṣe. Shitou sọ fún ọmọ rẹ̀ pé: &quot;O gbọ́dọ̀ fi ìbáramu sọ́kàn. Lo àwọn ohun èlò ìtọ́jú ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ ìlà, ṣètò àwọn olùgbé, ronú nípa àwọn ohun èlò onígun mẹ́ta tàbí onígun mẹ́rin.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lawal|first1=Babtunde|title=Twins in African and Diaspora Cultures: Double Trouble, Twice Blessed|year=2011|publisher=Indiana University Press|place=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=978-0-253-35624-6|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yàtọ̀ sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìfọ́tò, Shitou yan àwọn ènìyàn tí a máa ń rí ní àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìbejì tàbí ìbejì nípasẹ̀ aṣọ wọn, ìdúró wọn, àti ìwà wọn, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tí a bá ṣe àyẹ̀wò fínnífínní, a ó fi wọ́n hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ènìyàn ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀. Shitou ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn kámẹ́rà 6x6 (Yashika) àti DSRL fún àwọ̀. 

== Àwọn ìfihàn ==
Ilé ìtọ́jú àwọn àwòrán Shitou ni Sokkelund Museum ti Copenhagen àti àwọn ilé ìtọ́jú àwọn ènìyàn àdáni ra. Ni afikun, a ṣe afihan awọn iṣẹ rẹ ni Photography Encounters ni Bamako ni ọdun 2001, ni Ile ọnọ aworan ti Yunifasiti Indiana ni oṣu kẹrin ọdun 2007, ati Chronicles Nomads ti Honfleur ni oṣu karun ọdun 2007. Àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tún ti ṣe àfihàn àwòrán Pierre Malbec (Isle sur la Sorgue) ní oṣù Keje àti oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2007, ní Dettinger-Meyer Gallery (Lyon) ní oṣù Kẹsán àti oṣù Kẹ̀wàá ọdún 2007, Ilé Ìkàwé Municipal ti Lyon ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2008 àti oṣù Kínní ọdún 2009, àti ní Ilé Ìkóhun-Ìṣẹ̀m̀báyé ti Áfíríkà ti Lyon láti oṣù Kejì sí oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2012. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2000]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1933]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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    <title>Ere Ikorodu Oga</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345993844|Ikorodu Oga Statue]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox artwork|title=Ikorodu Oga Statue|image=IKORODU OGA.jpg|caption=Ikorodu Oga at the center of [[Ikorodu]] garage roundabout in [[Lagos]]|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_map_caption=|artist=Samuel Omobowale Oduyebo|year={{start date|1991}}|medium=[[Concrete]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bronze]]|subject=Ogaremade|height_metric=|condition=Erect|city=[[Ikorodu]], [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]]|coordinates={{coord|6|36|N|3|30|E|region:NG|display=inline}}|owner=[[Lagos State Government]]}}

 
'''Ikorodu Oga'''Èyí jẹ́ ère tí a fi kọnkiri àti idẹ ṣe, tí ó sì wà ní ojú-ọ̀nà yípo ibi ìdúró ọkọ̀ ní Ikorodu, Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, Nàìjíríà. Ó ṣàpèjúwe ọdẹ kan tí ó dúró ṣinṣin lórí erin kan—tí gíga rẹ̀ ju ẹsẹ̀-bàtà mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15 ft) lọ—tí ó sì di ìbọn ìbílẹ̀ mú ní ọwọ́ ọ̀tún rẹ̀, tí àpò ọdẹ sì wà ní èjìká òsì rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú fìlà lórí orí rẹ̀. A lè tọpa ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ padà sí ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún; wọ́n sì ṣí ère náà síta ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Historical Facts|url=https://www.ikoroduoga.net/history/historical-facts#:~:text=OGA%20Statue,%20(the%20royal%20prince,at%20the%20age%20of%2077|access-date=2024-12-05|website=www.ikoroduoga.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;Olóògbé Samuel Omobowale Oduyebo ló ṣe àpẹẹrẹ ère náà. Ère náà dúró fún ìgboyà àti ipa aṣáájú Ogaremade, ẹni tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó dá Ikorodu sílẹ̀; ọmọ-ọba kan láti Sagamu àti ẹni pàtàkì nínú ìdásílẹ̀ Ikorodu ní ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún.

== Ìtàn ==
{{Main|Ikorodu}}Ikorodu wá láti ẹ̀yà Remo ti [[Ìran Yorùbá|ẹ̀yà Yorùbá]], tí àwọn ọdẹ àti àgbẹ̀ tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọdẹ àti àgbẹ̀ láti Sagamu kọ́kọ́ dá sílẹ̀. Wọ́n pe ìlú wọn ní &quot;Ikorodu&quot; orúkọ tí a rí láti inú &quot;Oko-Odu,&quot; tí ó túmọ̀ sí &quot;ogbin Odu,&quot; nítorí pé àwọn agbègbè náà ní &quot;Odu&quot; (irú ewébẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún fífi àwọ̀ kun aṣọ). Bí àkókò ti ń lọ, orúkọ náà yípadà láti &quot;Okorodu&quot; sí &quot;Ikorodu&quot;. Ibùdó náà gbilẹ̀ lábẹ́ ìdarí Oga Lasunwon, ọmọ-aládé kan láti ìran [[Akarigbo of Remo|Akarigbo]] . Oga ṣe aṣaaju awọn atipo ninu awọn iṣẹ ọdẹ ati iṣẹ-ogbin, o si fi ipilẹ silẹ fun ohun ti o di agbegbe ti o n dagba.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Boge|first=Faruq Idowu|title=An Administrative History of Ikorodu, 1894 - 1960|url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/lhr/article/view/130201}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nígbà tí ó fi di ọdún 1630, ìpín kan lára àwọn aṣíwájú orílẹ̀-èdè Benin dé, wọ́n sì dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ Akarigbo ní àlàáfíà. Nígbà tí ó fi di àárín ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún, Ikorodu ti di agbègbè pàtàkì kan, pẹ̀lú ìgbékalẹ̀ Obaship ( [[Àdájọba|ọba]] ) tí a fipamọ́ fún àwọn ọmọ Akarigbo àti Olisaship (ọba-ìjọba) tí a fi lé àwọn olùgbé [[Benin]] lọ́wọ́.  

== Àròsọ ==
Ogaremade, ọdẹ àti ọmọ-aládé jagunjagun, ni a fi ìyìn fún pé ó dá Ikorodu sílẹ̀. Agbára rẹ̀ hàn gbangba nígbà tí ó pa [[Erin|erin eléwu]] kan tí ó ti halẹ̀ mọ́ ààbò àwọn olùgbé ìṣáájú. Ìṣe ìgboyà yìí mú kí ìdarí àti ipa rẹ̀ lágbára sí i nínú dídá ètò ìṣèlú tó wà ní àárín gbùngbùn fún àwùjọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adeyemi-Suenu|first=Adebowale|title=Trade, Violence and Diplomacy on the Coast of Ikorodu: The Resistance of Balogun Mabadeje Jaiyesimi|url=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ṣe pàtàkì nínú dídáàbòbò agbègbè náà kúrò lọ́wọ́ àwọn ewu láti òde, nípa lílo ìmọ̀ rẹ̀ nípa ogun láti mú agbára ìṣèlú pọ̀ sí i. Ogún Oga ti di ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìtàn Ikorodu, àwọn ènìyàn Ikorodu sì ń fi ìgbéraga pe ara wọn ní &quot;Omo Ikorodu Oga&quot; (Àwọn ọmọ Ikorodu Oga).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Suenu|first=Adebowale Adeyemi-|title=Ikorodu-Igbogbo Military Relations in the 19th Century|url=https://ijhumas.com/ojs/index.php/niuhums/article/view/1371}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn Àṣà Àṣà ==

=== Ayẹyẹ Ikorodu Oga ===
Ere Ikorodu Oga ni ipa pataki ninu Ayẹyẹ Ọjọ́ Ikorodu-Oga lododun, ayẹyẹ ọsẹ kan ti o n ṣe afihan awọn iṣẹ oriṣiriṣi, pẹlu awọn ifihan, orin ibile, awọn ere ijó, ati awọn ifihan asa. Ayẹyẹ naa tun ni ifihan kan ti a mọ si Woro, nibiti awọn olukopa ti n ṣe afihan aṣọ ibile ati awọn ibora nigba ti wọn n bọwọ fun awọn ọba agbegbe naa. 

=== Àwọn Ìgbésẹ̀ Àṣà ===
Ìrìn Woro jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú àwọn ayẹyẹ náà, tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìbílẹ̀, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú, àti àwọn ará ìlú ń rìn kiri ní Ikorodu láti ṣe ayẹyẹ ogún wọn. Ayẹyẹ yii pẹlu awọn iṣe lati ọdọ awọn eniyan ti o ṣe afihan ara wọn ati awọn ẹgbẹ aṣa, ti o mu ẹmi agbegbe ati ikopa pọ si. 

=== Àṣà àti Ìbọ̀wọ̀ ===
Ibi tí wọ́n gbé ère náà sí tún ṣe pàtàkì nínú ìṣàkóso àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń gbé ọba tuntun kalẹ̀, ọba tí wọ́n yàn yóò ṣe ìpalẹ̀mọ́ ayẹyẹ ní ibi yìí. Àwọn ìṣe wọ̀nyí fi hàn pé ère náà ṣe pàtàkì tó wà nílẹ̀ fún ìṣàkóso àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Ikorodu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Telegraph|first=New|title=Pomp, festivity as 30th Ikorodu-Oga Day ends|url=https://newtelegraphng.com/pomp-festivity-as-30th-ikorodu-oga-day-ends/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wo tun ==

* [[Akarigbo of Remo|Akarigbo ti Remo]]
* [[Ìkòròdú|Ikorodu]]

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ère Elizabeth Kejì, Èkó</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T14:42:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361384342|Statue of Elizabeth II, Lagos]]&quot;</comment>
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Ayaba Elizabeth II paṣẹ fun oluṣe ere ọmọ orilẹ-ede Naijiria, Ben Enwonwu, lati ṣe ere idẹ rẹ nigba ti o ṣabẹwo si Naijiria ni ọdun 1956, o si joko fun Enwonwu ni ilu London ni ọdun 1957. Enwonwu pari ere naa ni ilu London, o si gbe e kalẹ fun ifihan ni ibi iṣafihan ti Royal Society of British Artists ni ilu London ni oṣu kọkanla ọdun 1957.. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogbechie&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ben Enwonwu: The Making of an African Modernist|last=Ogbechie|first=Sylvester|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Times57&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigerian Statue of the Queen|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS168647024/TTDA?u=wes_ttda&amp;sid=bookmark-TTDA&amp;xid=b915ef90|access-date=6 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ère tí ó tóbi jù yìí fi Ayaba tí ó jókòó pẹ̀lú ọwọ́ rẹ̀ ní ìdí rẹ̀ hàn. &lt;ref name=&quot;Times57&quot; /&gt;

== Àtilẹ̀ àti ìṣẹ̀dá ==
Ìdámọ̀ràn fún ère náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Enwonwu, ẹni tí ó bá Alan Lennox-Boyd, Akọ̀wé Ìjọba fún Àwọn Agbègbè Ìjọba Britain sọ̀rọ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;BenFound&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-04-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwonwu ni ero lati se ami eye Elizabeth si Naijiria ni osu kinni ati osu keji odun 1956. Wọ́n ní kí ère tí wọ́n parí náà wà ní Ilé Aṣòfin Nàìjíríà kí ìjọba àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà tó di òmìnira àti òpin ìjọba àwọn ará ìlú Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ọdún 1960. Àjọṣepọ̀ Nàìjíríà ti jẹ́ ààbò lábẹ́ ìjọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti ọdún 1954. &lt;ref name=&quot;BenFound&quot; /&gt; Lẹ́yìn ìkéde ìgbìmọ̀ náà ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1956, ìwé ''ìròyìn West African Review'' kọ̀wé pé ó “ṣe àmì sí òkìkí olókìkí olókìkí jùlọ ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà”. &lt;ref name=&quot;BenFound&quot; /&gt;

Àwọn ìjókòó àkọ́kọ́ ni wọ́n ṣe ní Buckingham Palace ní oṣù kẹta ọdún 1957. Wọ́n ṣẹ̀dá sítọ́ọ̀dì kan fún Enwonwu ní ààfin; ó máa ń lo wákàtí kan láti ya àwòrán àti láti fi amọ̀ ṣe àwòṣe ní sítọ́ọ̀dì lójoojúmọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;BenFound&quot; /&gt; Lẹ́yìn náà, Enwonwu ṣiṣẹ́ ní ilé iṣẹ́ kan tí ó jẹ́ ti Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland, William Reid Dick, ní Maida Vale ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn London nítorí pé ère náà ń pọ̀ sí i. Elizabeth jókòó fún Enwonwu ní ìgbà méjìlá; ìjókòó mẹ́jọ ni a ṣe ní ààfin àti mẹ́rin ní ilé iṣẹ́ Reid-Dick's Maida Vale. &lt;ref name=&quot;BenFound&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT19&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/arts/ben-enwonwu-artist-africa.html|title=Rediscovering the Art of Ben Enwonwu|last=Farah Nayeri|access-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enwonwu kọ́kọ́ ya àwọn àwòrán ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ti Ayaba náà ní lílo àwọ̀ omi (watercolours); ó yà á ní ipò tí ó kọjú síta, ó sì tún ya àwọn àwòrán rẹ̀ láti ẹ̀gbẹ́ méjèèjì. Enwonwu tún ṣe ère orí àti àyà Ayaba Elizabeth láti lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòṣe tí yóò ràn án lọ́wọ́ láti pinnu ipò tí yóò wà nígbà tí iṣẹ́ náà bá parí, àti láti ṣe àpèjúwe àwọn aṣọ àti ohun-ọ̀ṣọ́ ọba rẹ̀ dáadáa. &lt;ref name=&quot;BenFound&quot; /&gt; Giulio Galicie ló fi idẹ ṣe é ní ìlú London; wọ́n fi epoxy resini ṣe àtúnṣe tuntun tó tóbi ju ti tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, òun sì ni wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ níbi ìfihàn Royal Society of British Artists ní ìlú London ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1957. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogbechie&quot; /&gt;

Olùkọ̀wé ìtàn ìgbésí ayé Enwonwu, Sylvester Ogbechie, rò pé òun “tún àwọn ìrísí ara Ayaba ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ìrísí tí ó rí láti inú àwọn ìwádìí rẹ̀ nínú ère” ó sì ṣẹ̀dá “àdàpọ̀ onídùnmọ́ni kan tí ó so àwọn ìrísí pàtàkì Ayaba pọ̀ mọ́ “ìrísí ìparọ́rọ́” ti ère ''Ori ti Ọmọbìnrin Yoruba'' rẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogbechie&quot; /&gt; Ogbechie ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò ère náà dáadáa nípa bí ojú funfun ṣe ń yí padà, àti bí àwọn ará ìlú ṣe ń ronú nípa bí àwọn ọkùnrin dúdú ṣe ń lo agbára ìbálòpọ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogbechie&quot; /&gt;

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Nígbà tí wọ́n ṣe ìfihàn rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn Royal Society of British Artists ní ọdún 1957, ìwé ìròyìn ''The Times'' sọ pé ère náà “...ó gbé ìmọ̀lára ọlá ọba tí ó yẹ kalẹ̀ èyí tí kò ní ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa títí a ó fi rí i láti òkèèrè ní irú àyíká tí wọ́n ti yàn án fún. Nínú ìfaramọ́ tí ó jọra ti ibi ìkópamọ́ àwòrán, síbẹ̀ ìtọ́jú ìsàlẹ̀ aṣọ náà kò wulẹ̀ darí àfiyèsí sókè, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe ṣe é, sí òtítọ́ orí tí ó wọ́pọ̀ jù, ṣùgbọ́n ó tẹnu mọ́ nínú àwọn ẹsẹ pàtàkì mìíràn tí ó ṣe pàtàkì nípa àwòrán náà, ìmọ̀lára gbogbogbòò ti ìdènà àti àìní agbára.” &lt;ref name=&quot;Times57&quot; /&gt; BBC fọ̀rọ̀ wá Enwonwu lẹ́nu wò níbi ìfihàn náà, wọ́n sì gbé ìròyìn kan jáde nípa rẹ̀, wọ́n sì gbé ère náà jáde ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kọkànlá. &lt;ref name=&quot;Times57&quot; /&gt; Ayaba lọ sí ibi ìfihàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùtọ́jú rẹ̀, Enwonwu sì sìn ín káàkiri ibi ìfihàn náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogbechie&quot; /&gt;

Wọ́n ṣí ère náà ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1959 kí ìpàdé karùn-ún ti Ilé Aṣòfin Nàìjíríà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìlú Èkó. &lt;ref name=&quot;Times59&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Cheering Crowds Welcome The Queen Mother to Nairobi|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS184769606/TTDA?u=wes_ttda&amp;sid=bookmark-TTDA&amp;xid=a2395178|access-date=6 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gomina Gbogbogbo ti Naijiria, [[James Wilson Robertson]] fi ifiranṣẹ ranṣẹ si Ayaba ninu eyiti o sọ pe ere naa &quot;...yoo ma jẹ iranti ayeye ayọ ni diẹ sii ju ọdun mẹta sẹhin nigbati Kabiyesi ati Duke ti Edinburgh ṣe ọla fun Ile naa nipasẹ wiwa rẹ ati nipasẹ ọrọ rere Kabiyesi rẹ&quot;. Ayaba dáhùn nínú ìránṣẹ́ kan tí ó sọ pé “Èmi náà yóò rántí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìrántí tí mo ṣe nígbà tí mo lọ sí Ilé náà ní ọdún mẹ́ta sẹ́yìn. Mo fi ìfẹ́ rere mi ránṣẹ́ sí gbogbo àwọn ọmọ ilé náà bí wọ́n ṣe ń wọ inú ìpàdé mìíràn, mo sì lo àǹfààní yìí láti fi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé mi hàn pé àṣà ìjọba tiwantiwa ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin, èyí tí àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ti gbà kíákíá tí wọ́n sì ti gbé kalẹ̀, yóò di èyí tí yóò máa tẹ̀lé nígbà tí Nàìjíríà bá di ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ òmìnira ti Commonwealth.” &lt;ref name=&quot;Times59&quot; /&gt;

Lẹ́yìn náà ni ayaba pàṣẹ fún Enwonwu láti ṣẹ̀dá ìgbẹ́ ọmọ rẹ̀ àgbà, [[Charlesì Kẹta|Prince Charles]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogbechie&quot; /&gt; Enwonwu fún un ní àwòrán kékeré rẹ̀ tó fi hàn pé ó ní àwòrán rẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogbechie&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ẹ kú àbọ̀ sí Èkó (ère)</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368241369|Welcome to Lagos (statue)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox artwork|title=Welcome to Lagos|other_language_1=Yoruba|other_title_1=Aro Meta|other_title_2=Agba Meta|image=Welcome to Lagos.JPG|image_size=270px|alt=|caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_size=270|pushpin_caption=Location of ''Welcome to Lagos''|artist=Bodun Shodeinde|catalogue=|year=1991: Original work&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date|2004}}: Rehabilitated work|type=[[Sculpture]]|medium=Fibre glass|subject=|condition=Erect|city=[[Lagos]], [[Lagos State]], Nigeria|museum=|accession=|coordinates={{coord|6|35|1.464|N|3|58|32.916|E|display=inline}}|owner=[[Lagos State Government]]|website=}}

 
'''''Ẹ kú àbọ̀ sí Èkó''''' ( [[Èdè Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] : ''Agba Meta'' tàbí ''Aro Meta'' ) Ó jẹ́ ère tí a fi ọ̀nà 'Art Deco' ṣe, tí ó sì dúró fún àwọn olórí mẹ́ta tí wọ́n ń wọ̀ fìlà funfun (White-cap chiefs) ti ìlú Èkó; ère yìí wà ní ìlú Èkó, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Bolaji Campbell|author2=R. I. Ibigbami|title=Diversity of Creativity in Nigeria: A Critical Selection from the Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Diversity of Creativity in Nigeria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4MYAAAAYAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Department of Fine Arts, Obafemi Awolowo University|isbn=978-978-32078-0-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bodun Shodeinde ló ṣe àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1991, gíga rẹ̀ sì ju ẹsẹ̀ bàtà méjìlá (12 ft) lọ; a sì kọ́ àwọn ère àwọn olórí mẹ́ta wọ̀nyí láti máa kí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ń wọ̀ wá sí Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=18 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ==
Bodun Shodeinde ló kọ́ ''ìlú Eko'' ní ọdún 1991 lábẹ́ ìṣàkóso Colonel [[Raji Rasaki]], wọ́n sì gbé e sí ẹ̀bá ẹnu ọ̀nà owó tí wọ́n ń pè ní Lagos-Ibadan . Nítorí àwọn àbájáde pé ère náà ló ń fa ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìjànbá ojú ọ̀nà déédéé ní ojú ọ̀nà Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, àwọn ènìyàn kan sun ún ní ọdún 2004. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynaija.com/truth-or-myth-statue-of-three-lagos-elders-causes-accidents-wherever-it-is-placed/|title=Truth or Myth? Statue of three Lagos elders causes accidents wherever it is placed|last=Reuben Daba|date=2 October 2012|access-date=29 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2004, wọ́n tún un ṣe, wọ́n sì kó o lọ sí ibi tí ó wà ní ìsinsìnyí ní ẹ̀bá [[Epe, Nàìjíríà|Epe]] . Ní ọdún 2012, wọ́n tún ère náà ṣe fún ìgbà kẹta lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n sun ún ní àkókò ìtàn ìrànlọ́wọ́ epo rọ̀bì . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/lagos-three-elders-back-under-close-watch/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Lagos 'three elders' back under close watch|access-date=29 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ipilẹ eto ati asa ==
Wọ́n gbé e kalẹ̀, wọ́n sì gbé e kalẹ̀ sí orí ìdúró gíga láti kí àwọn ènìyàn káàbọ̀ sí ìlú Èkó, ''Kaabo sí Èkó'' ṣe àfihàn àwòrán àwọn olórí mẹ́ta tí wọ́n ní fìlà funfun ( [[Èdè Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] : ''Idejo'' ) ní ipò tí ó yàtọ̀ díẹ̀, tí wọ́n wọ aṣọ funfun tí wọ́n so mọ́ èjìká wọn pẹ̀lú ìka ọwọ́ ọ̀tún wọn tí wọ́n di mú, èyí sì fi hàn pé wọ́n gbàgbọ́ gidigidi pé ọwọ́ ọ̀tún ló ga jù òsì lọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/new/bodun-sodeinde-my-physical-and-spiritual-attachment-to-welcome-to-lagos-statue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Bodun Sodeinde: My physical and spiritual attachment to 'Welcome to Lagos' statue|last=Dotun Olubi &amp; Akinsola Omidire|access-date=29 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ẹni tí ó wà ní apá ọ̀tún náà na ìka ọwọ́ rẹ̀ síwájú sí afẹ́fẹ́; pẹ̀lú ìka ọwọ́ tí ó tẹ̀ sí ìsàlẹ̀ díẹ̀, ẹni tí ó wà ní àárín gbé ìka ọwọ́ ọ̀tún rẹ̀ síwájú nígbà tí ẹni tí ó wà ní apá òsì náà so ìka ọwọ́ rẹ̀ méjèèjì pọ̀, ó fọwọ́ kan ara wọn díẹ̀ ní afẹ́fẹ́. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=R. O. Ajetunmobi|title=The evolution and development of Lagos State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WcguAQAAIAAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bodun Shodeinde, nípasẹ̀ ère yìí, ṣe àfihàn ọlá gíga jùlọ tí a lè fún ẹnikẹ́ni nínú àṣà ìkíni ''Eko'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-05-12|title=Historical Monuments in Nigeria|url=https://guardian.ng/life/life-features/historical-monuments-in-nigeria/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-09-12|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345038341|Jacob Zuma Statue]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Jacob_Zuma.jpg|thumb| Jacob Zuma]]
'''Ère Jacob Zuma''' Eyi jẹ ere iranti ti a fi idẹ ṣe ni Ipinle Imo, ni orilẹ-ede Naijiria.[1] Gomina Rochas Okorocha ti Ipinle Imo lo gbe e duro. Ere naa ṣe iranti ibewo Aare orilẹ-ede South Africa, Jacob Zuma, si Ipinle Imo nigba ti o wa ni ipo Aare. Lakoko ti o n ṣii ere naa, Gomina Okorocha sọ pe: &quot;A ti pinnu lati bu ọla fun ọ nitori ifẹ rẹ si eto-ẹkọ; botilẹjẹpe o koju awọn ipenija ni igba ewe rẹ, o n ṣiṣẹ takuntakun lati rii daju pe gbogbo ọmọde ti o wa ninu osi lọ si ile-iwe&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Munachim Amah|title=Nigerians are wondering why Jacob Zuma now has a statue in their country|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/16/africa/nigeria-jacob-zuma-statue/index.html|access-date=2021-02-21|website=CNN|date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ṣe ayẹyẹ ṣiṣii ere naa ni Owerri, olu-ilu ipinle naa, pẹlu wiwa Aare tẹlẹri Olusegun Obasanjo, awọn gomina tẹlẹri, awọn ọba ati awọn ọlọla pataki ti ipinle naa.

Owó ère náà tó nǹkan bí 520 mílíọ̀nù Naira. 

Gomina Okorocha ati Aare Zuma fowo si iwe adehun oye (MOU), lati pese eto-ẹkọ ọfẹ fun awọn ọmọde talaka ni ilẹ naa. Aare Zuma tun fun ni akọle Oloye ti Ochiagha Imo ti o tumọ si &quot;olori ayeye ti awọn alagbara&quot; nipasẹ Eze Imo, Samuel Ohiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Okorocha and Jacob Zuma's statue|url=https://www.thecable.ng/okorocha-jacob-zumas-statue|accessdate=2021-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Ori Ife Terracotta</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370410831|Ife Terracotta Head]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox artefact|name=Ife Terracotta Head|image=[[File:Ife commemorative head-73.1996.1.4-DSC00301-white.jpg|Ife_commemorative_head-73.1996.1.4-DSC00301-white|225px]]|image_caption=|material=[[Terracotta]] with residue of red pigment and traces of mica &lt;ref&gt;https://www.entwistlegallery.com/notable-sales/ife-terracotta-head&lt;/ref&gt;|size=height: {{cvt|16|cm}}|weight={{cvt|1.80|kg}}|writing=|created=Between 12th and 15th century|discovered=|location=[[Nigerian National Museum|Nigerian National Museum, Lagos]]|id=|registration=[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1934-0716-1 Af1934,0716.1]|culture=[[Yoruba people|Yoruba]]}}

 
'''Orí Ife Terracotta''' jẹ́ ère terracotta, tó ga tó 16 centimeters, tí ayàwòrán ìlú [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] ti [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀|Ilé-Ife]] ní [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun|ìpínlẹ̀ Osun]], [[Nàìjíríà]] ṣe, tí a sì ti ṣe é láti ọ̀rúndún kejìlá sí ìkẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún.   Orí náà ṣàpẹẹrẹ obìnrin tàbí ọmọbìnrin kan tí a fi irun rẹ̀ dì sí oríṣiríṣi àkàrà àti ìbúgbà kékeré kan tí a gbé sókè ní apá òsì òkè orí rẹ̀.  Èyí ni ọ̀kan lára àwọn orí àti àwòrán ilẹ̀ tí a ṣe ní Ife ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1000 sí 1400AD tí àwọn òpìtàn iṣẹ́ ọnà kà sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn àṣà ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ tí ó yàtọ̀ ní ti ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ti Áfíríkà kí ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ tó dé. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2025-12-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ife terracotta art ==
[[File:Kopf_Ife_EthnM_III_IIIC27527.jpg|thumb| Ori eniyan, eniyan Ife, Guusu Iwọ oorun Naijiria; terracotta]]
Awọn iṣẹ-ọnà amọ̀ (terracotta) ti ilẹ̀ Ifẹ̀ kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ gbajúmọ̀ ní ìta àgbègbè Áfíríkà títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún ogún. Onímọ̀ nípa àṣà àti ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ ènìyàn láti ilẹ̀ Jámánì, Leo Frobenius, ló kọ́kọ́ rí àwọn ère wọ̀nyí láti Ifẹ̀ ní ọdún 1910. Wọ́n tún ṣàwárí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn iṣẹ́-ọnà wọ̀nyí ní agbègbè ààfin àtijọ́ ní Ifẹ̀ ní ọdún 1938; ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí sì mú kí wọ́n tún ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò bí iṣẹ́-ọnà ti ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà ṣáájú àkókò ìṣàkóso àwọn òkèèrè ṣe ní ìjìnlẹ̀ àti ọgbọ́n tó ga tó. 

Nínú àṣà [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]], àwọn obìnrin ti ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn oníṣẹ́ amọ̀ tí wọ́n ń ṣe àwọn ohun mímọ́ àti ohun àìní ayé wọ̀nyí, nígbà tí àwọn ọkùnrin sábà máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí òkúta, igi àti àwọn ohun èlò irin. Pàtàkì iṣẹ́ ọnà àti ìtàn àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà wọ̀nyí wà nínú àṣà ọnà wọn tó ti dàgbàsókè gan-an àti tó yàtọ̀, àwọn kan ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun àdánidá, bí àwòrán, àti àní ohun àdánidá. Pupọ julọ ninu awọn aworan wọnyi ni awọn ori ati awọn eniyan ti o duro fun awọn ọba ti a fi ade fun ati awọn iranṣẹ wọn, ati awọn aworan ti awọn eniyan ti o ni ailera ati awọn ti o ni ailera &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2025-12-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Africa_Ife_Head_1_Kimbell.jpg|thumb| Ife Head (ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ ọba kan, ọ̀rúndún 12-14) tí a rí ní Ilé Ìkóhun-Ìṣẹ̀dá Ọnà Kimbell, [[Fort Worth]] ]]
Nítorí pé àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà ilẹ̀ tẹ́rákọ́tà wọ̀nyí ṣọ̀wọ́n, wọ́n jẹ́ àdánidá, wọ́n sì ní ìníyelórí ọjà gíga, wọ́n ti ń tàn káàkiri fún ìgbà pípẹ́ ní ìṣòwò ọnà kárí ayé. Àwọn ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé ńláńlá àti àwọn àkójọpọ̀ àdáni ló wà níta Nàìjíríà, títí kan Ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní [[Lọndọnu|London]] àti Ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé Kimbell ní [[Fort Worth]], [[Texas]] .   Lábẹ́ òfin Nàìjíríà, ọjà àti ìtajà àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí ni a dínkù, àwọn ohun tí ó dé ọjà àwọn ohun ìgbàanì kárí ayé sì sábà máa ń jẹ́ àbájáde ìwakùsà tàbí olè jíjà tí kò bófin mu 

== Ìpadàbọ̀ sí ìlú mìíràn ==

=== Ìyọkúrò àti ìtajà ọjà ===
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn aláṣẹ Nàìjíríà àti Dutch ti sọ, wọ́n jí orí terracotta náà ní Nàìjíríà, wọ́n sì fi pàṣípààrọ̀ jáde kúrò ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà nípasẹ̀ pápákọ̀ òfurufú Accra ní [[Gánà|Ghana]], nípa lílo àwọn ìwé àfọwọ́kọ tí wọ́n fi kó ọjà jáde, kí wọ́n tó fi ránṣẹ́ sí [[Nẹ́dálándì|Netherlands]]  

=== Ìdájọ́ ní Netherlands ===
Olórí aṣọ́bodè ilẹ̀ Netherlands ní Schiphol ní Papa ọkọ̀ òfurufú Amsterdam ló gbé orí ilẹ̀ náà ní àpò ìdìpọ̀ kan tí wọ́n rí nínú àdírẹ́sì sí ẹnì kan ní Netherlands pẹ̀lú àwọn ìwé àfọwọ́kọ tí wọ́n fi ṣe ẹlẹ́yà.  Wọ́n kàn sí àwọn ẹ̀ka ìwádìí nípa ìròyìn àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀ ti Netherlands, wọ́n sì kàn sí àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn ní Nàìjíríà, èyí sì mú kí wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dá ohun ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé náà padà  

=== Ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìjọba àti ìpìlẹ̀ òfin ===
Àwọn Aṣojú Ìròyìn àti Àṣà Àjogúnbá sọ fún Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ààbò Nàìjíríà ní The Hague, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìbáṣepọ̀ ìjọ́ba láàárín àwọn ìjọba méjèèjì lórí ohun ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé náà.   Ilé Iṣẹ́ aṣojú orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ẹ̀ka òfin ti Ìgbìmọ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè fún Àwọn Ilé Àkójọ Ìtàn àti Àwọn Àkójọ Ìtàn bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í sọ ẹ̀tọ́ Nàìjíríà fún ohun tí wọ́n fẹ́ ṣe, wọ́n sì tọ́ka sí òfin Nàìjíríà tí ó fi àwọn ohun ìgbàanì ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà lé lọ́wọ́ láti inú Òfin Ìgbìmọ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè fún Àwọn Ilé Àkójọ Ìtàn àti Àwọn Àkójọ Ìtàn àti Àkójọ Ìtàn àti ẹ̀tọ́ Nàìjíríà lábẹ́ Àdéhùn UNESCO ti ọdún 1970 tí wọ́n fọwọ́ sí ní ọdún 1972, àti Àdéhùn UNIDROIT ti ọdún 1995 lórí Àwọn Ohun Àṣà tí a jí tàbí tí a kó jáde lọ́nà àìtọ́  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ife cultural property returns to Nigeria|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ife-cultural-property-returns-nigeria|archivedate=2026-01-02|access-date=2026-08-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Ìtọ́jú ìgbà díẹ̀ ní ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀m̀báyé Wereld ===
Nígbà tí wọ́n ń fìdí àwọn ẹ̀sùn wọ̀nyí múlẹ̀, wọ́n gbé orí terracotta sí ibi ìtọ́jú ìgbà díẹ̀ ní Wereldmuseum Leiden ní Rotterdam, ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kan tí a mọ̀ fún ìrírí gígùn rẹ̀ nínú fífi àṣà ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ àti ìtọ́jú àwọn ohun ìní ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà hàn. 

=== Ifijiṣẹ deede ===
Ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2020, wọ́n fi Ife Terracotta Head lé Nàìjíríà lọ́wọ́ ní ayẹyẹ kan ní Netherlands. Akọ̀wé Àgbà ti Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ẹ̀kọ́, Àṣà àti Ìmọ̀ Sáyẹ́ǹsì ti Netherlands, Maryan Hammersma gbé àkóso ohun náà sí ọwọ́ Kabiru Musa, Olùdarí Àjọ ní Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ààbò Nàìjíríà ní The Hague   Àwọn aláṣẹ Netherlands tọ́ka sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun àkọ́kọ́ tí Netherlands dá padà fún ẹgbẹ́ ìjọba kan lábẹ́ Àdéhùn UNESCO ti ọdún 1970 lórí Ọ̀nà láti Dènà àti Dídènà Gbígbé wọlé, Gbéjáde àti Gbígbé Owó Nílẹ̀ tí kò bófin mu 

Ayeye siwaju sii waye ni Ile-iṣẹ Ijọba Apapọ fun Alaye ati Asa ni Abuja, Nigeria ti o wa nipasẹ Minisita fun Alaye ati Aṣa, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, Minisita fun Oro Ajeji, Geoffrey Onyema, Aṣoju Netherlands si Nigeria, Harry Van Dijk, Nigeria Charge de Affairs si Netherlands, Kabiru Musa ati Oludari Gbogbogbo National Commission for Museum and Monuments, Ojogbon Abba Isa Tijani .   Nígbà tí Lai Mohammed gba orí náà, ó ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí “aláìníyelórí àti aláìlópin” ó sì sọ pé ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ àmì pàtàkì nínú ìsapá gbogbogbòò ti Nàìjíríà, tí a ṣe ní ọdún tó kọjá, láti gba àwọn ohun ìgbàanì tí a gbé kalẹ̀ ní òkèèrè padà. 

Lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n gbé Àgbàyanu náà lọ sí Ilé Ìkóhun-Ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé Orílẹ̀-èdè ní Èkó fún àkọsílẹ̀, ìyàsọ́tọ̀ àti ìṣàyẹ̀wò ìpamọ́. 

== Wo tun ==

* [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀|Ife]]
* [[Àwọn Idẹ Benin|Àwọn Idẹ Bẹ́níì]]
* Ilé ọnà ti Ife
* Igbimọ Orilẹ-ede fun Awọn Ile ọnọ ati Awọn ohun iranti
* [[National Museum tí orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà|Ilé ọnà Àgbáyé ti Nàìjíríà]]

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
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    <title>Àwọn ère Ben Enwonwu ti Daily Mirror</title>
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        <username>Bamjos</username>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368422438|Ben Enwonwu's Daily Mirror sculptures]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4763" sha1="e0rnkkos7b91xrf20oeyive0rb198s3" xml:space="preserve"> {{Multiple image|align=right|width=200|image1=Seven Wooden Sculptures, Room 2, Ben Enwonwu - Ghosts of Tradition, Nigerian Modernism, Tate Modern, London 24.jpg|image2=Seven Wooden Sculptures, Room 2, Ben Enwonwu - Ghosts of Tradition, Nigerian Modernism, Tate Modern, London 26.jpg|footer=Enwonwu's seven sculptures exhibited at [[Tate Modern]] in 2026}}

Olóṣòóye ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Ben Enwonwu, ṣe àwọn ère onígi kan fún ilé-iṣẹ́ àgbà ti ìwé-ìròyìn Daily Mirror ní London ní ọdún 1961. Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn ère náà pòórá kúrò ní ilé-iṣẹ́ ìwé-ìròyìn náà, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún rí wọn, wọ́n sì tà wọ́n ní ọjà ìtajà-nípa-ìdíje-owó (auction) ní ọdún 2013.

Enwonwu ní orúkọ rere gbogbogbò nígbà tí wọ́n gbé iṣẹ́ ''Daily Mirror'' kalẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gba ère ''Anyanwu'' rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1956 fún Ilé Ìkóhun-Ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti ère Ayaba Elizabeth Kejì rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1957 fún Ilé Aṣòfin Nàìjíríà . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bon13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwonwu ṣẹ̀dá àwọn ère méje nínú eré ''Daily Mirror'' . Ìwé ìròyìn ''Daily Mirror'' ló pàṣẹ pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ère náà sí iwájú ilé iṣẹ́ tuntun wọn ní Holborn Circus, níbi tí wọ́n kó lọ sí ní ọdún 1961. Àwọn ère náà ni a gbé kalẹ̀ ní ojú ìwé kẹta ti ''Daily Mirror'' ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1961 nínú àpilẹ̀kọ kan tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ &quot;Nígbà tí ìròyìn bá gba apá&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bon13&quot; /&gt; Àwọn ère náà fa ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn àlejò mọ́ra nígbà tí wọ́n gbé wọn kalẹ̀; wọ́n lè rìn káàkiri àwọn àwòrán náà, nítorí náà wọ́n lè di apá kan lára àwọn ohun èlò ìṣeré náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bon13&quot; /&gt; Wọ́n ṣe àfihàn Enwonwu nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò kan lórí BBC lẹ́yìn ìṣípayá àwọn iṣẹ́ náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bon13&quot; /&gt;

Olùkọ̀wé ìtàn ìgbésí ayé Enwonwu, Sylvester Ogbechie, ṣàpèjúwe àwọn eré náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí a ti ṣí sílẹ̀ fún “ìyìn gbogbogbòò” nígbà tí wọ́n fi wọ́n sílẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogbechie&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ben Enwonwu: The Making of an African Modernist|last1=Ogbechie|first1=Sylvester|date=2008|publisher=University Rochester Press|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wọ́n tún rí àwọn nǹkan náà ní ọdún 2013 lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti pòórá kúrò ní orílé-iṣẹ́ ''Daily Mirror'' ' ọdún 1960. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mirror13&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Did Kray twins steal lost Daily Mirror sculptures? Recovered art treasures sell at auction for £300,000|date=25 May 2013|archivedate=2016-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ère náà ni a rí ní gáréèjì kan ní Ile-iwe Bethnal Green Academy ní Ìlà-oòrùn London. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mirror13&quot; /&gt; Wọ́n gbé àwọn ohun èlò náà kalẹ̀ fún ìtajà ní Bonhams ní New Bond Street ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2013, wọ́n sì tà á ní £361,250 (pẹ̀lú owó tí wọ́n gbà), èyí sì mú kí Enwonwu ní àkọsílẹ̀ ìtajà náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Artnet18&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A Long-Lost Nigerian Masterpiece Found in a London Apartment Just Set a Record at Bonhams|date=1 March 2018|last1=Sarah Cascone|archivedate=2021-09-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fọọmu ati itumọ ==
Àwọn ère méje náà ni a gbẹ́ láti inú igi líle ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà. A ṣe àfihàn márùn-ún tí wọ́n dúró. Olúkúlùkù mú ìwé ìròyìn onípele kan lọ́wọ́, a ti fi àwọn ìwé ìròyìn tí ó wà ní ọwọ́ wọn wé àwọn ìwé ìyẹ́ tàbí àwọn ìwé orin ìyìn . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bon13&quot; /&gt; Gbogbo àwọn àwòrán méje náà ni a fi ìrísí àti ìdúró kọ̀ọ̀kan yàwòrán wọn, a ti fi ìtẹ̀síwájú àwọn àwòrán náà láti ìsàlẹ̀ wọn sí ara wọn wé ère Enwonwu ''Anyanwu'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bon13&quot; /&gt; Ìdúró ẹwà àwọn àwòrán náà jẹ́ àfihàn àṣà gbígbẹ́ igi àti àṣà ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀ àwọn [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|ará Igbo]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bon13&quot; /&gt;

Enwonwu sọ nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò kan pẹ̀lú ''Daily Mirror'' ní ọdún 1961 pé òun ti gbìyànjú láti ṣẹ̀dá iṣẹ́ náà láti “... ṣojú fún àwọn ìyẹ́ apá ''Daily Mirror'', ìròyìn tí ń tàn káàkiri àgbáyé.”&amp;nbsp;... Ẹgbẹ́ náà para pọ̀ di irú ẹgbẹ́ akọrin kan. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ ìsìn kan. Mo gbàgbọ́ pé gbogbo iṣẹ́ ọnà ní ìmọ̀lára ìsìn kan.&amp;nbsp;– ìgbàgbọ́ nínú &lt;ref name=&quot;Bon13&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Tutu (àwòrán)</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321757157|Tutu (painting)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Tutu''''' jẹ́ àkójọpọ̀ àwòrán mẹ́ta tí oṣèré-àwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Ben Enwonwu, yà nípa ọmọ-ọba obìnrin ilẹ̀ Ifẹ̀, Adetutu Ademiluyi ('Tutu'), ní ọdún 1973. Àwọn àwòrán mẹ́ta náà ti sọnù láti ọdún 1975; wọ́n sì tún rí èyí kejì ní ìlú London ní ọdún 2017, wọ́n sì tà á ní ọdún 2018 ní iye owó tó ju mílíọ̀nù kan pọ́ùn-ún lọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;CNN18&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/ben-enwonwu-tutu-painting-auction/index.html|title='Tutu' painting by Ben Enwonwu sells for $1.6 million|date=1 March 2018|work=[[CNN]]|accessdate=25 September 2021|archivedate=25 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wọ́n ya àwòrán náà lẹ́yìn Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà, wọ́n sì rí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì ìṣọ̀kan láàárín ìjọba àti àwọn ọmọ ogun [[Biafra]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Guard18&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=8 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-wednesday-edition-1.4524467/decades-after-it-went-missing-nigerian-masterpiece-is-found-in-london-apartment-1.4524479|title=Decades after it went missing, Nigerian masterpiece is found in London apartment|access-date=8 February 2018|language=en|archivedate=8 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwòrán àwòrán náà ni wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ níbi ìsìnkú Enwonwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guard18&quot; /&gt; Enwonwu ya àwòrán mẹ́ta lára àwòrán náà; gbogbo wọn ló sọnù títí di ìgbà tí wọ́n ṣe àwárí rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guard18&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;CNN18&quot; /&gt;

Mark Brown, tó ń kọ̀wé nínú ''ìwé ìròyìn The Guardian,'' ṣàpèjúwe àwòrán náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “àmì orílẹ̀-èdè ní Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú àwọn àtúnṣe àwòrán tí wọ́n gbé sórí ògiri ní àwọn ilé káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè náà.” &lt;ref name=&quot;Guard18&quot; /&gt;

Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ẹni tí wọ́n kọ́ àwòrán náà, ọmọ-ọba Ife, Adetutu Ademiluyi, ṣì wà láàyè nígbà tí wọ́n ta àwòrán kejì náà ní ọdún 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;Artnet&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 March 2018|title=A Long-Lost Nigerian Masterpiece Found in a London Apartment Just Set a Record at Bonhams|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/ben-enwonwu-nigerian-masterpiece-bonhams-1234223|archivedate=6 September 2021|access-date=30 September 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n jí àtúnṣe àkọ́kọ́ náà kí Enwonwu tó kú ní ọdún 1994. &lt;ref name=&quot;Artnet&quot; /&gt;

== Ṣíṣàwárí ==
A kò tíì mọ ibi tí èyíkéyìí nínú àwọn àwòrán mẹ́ta náà wà láti ọdún 1975, nígbà tí wọ́n ṣe àfihàn ọ̀kan lára àwọn àwòrán náà ní ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba Ítálì ní Èkó. Olùdarí iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé ní ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ní ilé ìtajà Bonhams ní London, Giles Peppiatt, ni wọ́n máa ń fi àwọn àwòrán àwòrán 'Tutu' ránṣẹ́ sí, kò sí èyí tí ó jẹ́ òótọ́ nínú wọn, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn àwòrán iṣẹ́ Enwonwu àtilẹ̀wá. Ìdílé kan ní àríwá ìlú London tọ̀ Peppiatt wá ní ìparí ọdún 2017 láti ṣe àyẹ̀wò àwòrán kan tí wọ́n sọ pé Enwonwu ni, Peppiatt sì jẹ́rìí sí i pé ó jẹ́ òótọ́, ó sì ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí &quot;...ìyanu ńlá. Ó jẹ́ àwòrán kan, ní ti àwòrán, tí mo ti mọ̀ fún ìgbà pípẹ́, nítorí náà ó jẹ́ àkókò iná gílóòbù gidi kan; mo rò pé: 'Olúwa mi, èyí jẹ́ àrà ọ̀tọ̀'&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guard18&quot; /&gt; Bàbá ìdílé náà ló ra àwòrán náà, wọn kò sì mọ iye rẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guard18&quot; /&gt; [[Ben Okri|Ben Okri,]] òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn, ṣàpèjúwe àwòrán náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “àwárí tó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ nínú iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà Áfíríkà òde òní láàárín ọdún àádọ́ta. Òun ni Tutu tòótọ́ kan ṣoṣo, tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé tó ṣọ̀wọ́n. Ó jẹ́ ìdí fún ayẹyẹ, àkókò tó lè yí padà nínú ayé iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà”. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guard18&quot; /&gt;

Lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n tà á ní ọjà ìtajà ní Bonhams ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 2018 fún £1,205,000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1218563/the-long-lost-painting-known-as-africas-mona-lisa-has-sold-for-a-record-price/|title=The long lost painting known as Africa's Mona Lisa has sold for a record price|last=Chutel|first=Lynsey|work=Quartz|access-date=1 March 2018|language=en-US|archivedate=1 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;CNN18&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Rántí Láti Dìde</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370252153|Remember To Rise]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox Artwork|image=Remember_To_Rise.jpg|caption=Remember To Rise artwork unveiled (2018)|image_size=220px|title=Remember To Rise|other_title_1=Black's Dream|artist=[[Ade Olufeko]]|medium=[[Mixed media]] on coated paper|movement=[[Pan-Africanism|Pan African]], [[Afrofuturism]]|subject=''Modern Second Scramble For Africa''|year=2018|condition=|height_metric=60|width_metric=91|metric_unit=cm|imperial_unit=in|designation=|city=[[Lagos]]|museum=}}

 
'''''Ranti Lati Dide'''''Iṣẹ́ yìí, tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ &quot;Black's Dream&quot; (ní èdè Lárúbáwá: كن يقضا أحلام سوداء), jẹ́ èyí tí a gbé kalẹ̀ lára ​​iṣẹ́ ńlá kan tí a pè ní &quot;Iyasile Naa&quot; — èyí tí ó jẹ́ iṣẹ́ ọnà àjọṣepọ̀ tí ó ní ìpínlẹ̀ gbòòrò. Ade Abayomi Olufeko, amòye nípa ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ tí ó wá láti ilẹ̀ Ijebu, tí ó sì lókìkí fún àmì àrà-ọ̀tọ̀ nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀, ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ iṣẹ́ yìí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ogún àṣà fún ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti ṣàkíyèsí àwọn ìdàgbàsókè àti ìmọ̀ tuntun ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ń dàgbà sókè. &lt;ref name=&quot;Vanguard&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Agbana|first1=Rotimi|title=Seun Kuti, Ozwald Boateng, others endorse Ade Olufeko's groundbreaking digital painting|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/seun-kuti-ozwald-boateng-others-endorse-ade-olufekos-groundbreaking-digital-painting/|place=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=13 January 2019|date=13 November 2018|journal=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;naijatribune&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Seun Kuti, Sir Ozwald Boateng, Others Endorse Ade Olufeko's Groundbreaking Digital Painting|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/seun-kuti-sir-ozwald-boateng-and-others-endorse-ade-olufekos-groundbreaking-digital-painting/|accessdate=12 January 2019|date=13 November 2018|journal=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bí ''[[Vanguard]]'' ṣe pè é ní ìwádìí tó gbajúmọ̀ nípa iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ kárí ayé, [[Adé Olúfẹkọ́|Olufeko]] dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ ''ìṣòwò ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà'' ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ìṣòwò London, nígbà ìpàdé wọn tí ó wáyé ní ilé ìtura Landmark, ó ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àwòrán oní-nọ́ńbà pẹ̀lú wíwá rẹ̀ àti ìṣàkóṣo àwọn àlejò ti ìgbìmọ̀ àṣà àwùjọ kan tí ó ní àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì. &lt;ref name=&quot;Vanguard&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Omenka&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Innovative Painting: Remember To Rise is an Olufeko and London Business School collabo endorsed by the noteworthy|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/innovative-painting-remember-rise-olufeko-london-business-school-africa-club-collabo-endorsed-celebrities-business-noteworthy/|accessdate=5 January 2019|date=13 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
[[File:Remember_to_rise_riad.jpg|thumb| [[Adé Olúfẹkọ́|Olufeko]] fi àwọn àwòrán Zellige kún àpótí iṣẹ́ ọnà ní ''ibi ìtọ́jú àwòrán'' ní agbègbè Bab Doukkala, Marrakech, [[Morocco]] .]]
Iṣẹ́ ọnà náà yí padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfihàn àti gbólóhùn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé, ní ti fífi àwọn ìṣòro ọrọ̀ ajé, ìpínyà, àti ìṣọ̀kan ẹ̀yà sí ilẹ̀ adúláwọ̀ láti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn. ''Rántí To Rise'' jẹ́ àmì tí kìí ṣe ti ìṣèlú àti ìpè sí ìgbésẹ̀ sí àwọn ọ̀dọ́, tí ó ń fún ìdàgbàsókè níṣìírí ju agbára àṣà gbogbogbòò àti orin Áfíríkà lórí ìtàgé kárí ayé lọ. Ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ láàárín Olufeko àti ẹgbẹ́ náà ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìṣòwò ló mú kí àwọn ènìyàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ní gbogbogbòò wá síbi iṣẹ́ wọn. &lt;ref name=&quot;The Punch&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ade Olufeko moderates socio-cultural panel at London Business School African Summit|url=https://punchng.com/ade-olufeko-moderates-socio-cultural-panel-at-london-business-school-african-summit/|access-date=12 January 2019|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ntele&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Olufeko's Death Ground Strategy: The relationship of Art And Technology In Africa's Second Scramble|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/2018/11/olufekos-death-ground-strategy-the-relationship-of-art-and-technology-in-africas-second-scramble/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=13 January 2019|archivedate=16 December 2018|work=[[New Telegraph]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ọnà, orúkọ àti ìkọ́lé ==
Ní ti ọ̀ràn ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipa rẹ̀, nígbà tí a ń kíyèsí àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ọ̀pọ̀ ilé iṣẹ́ lórí ìṣòwò àárín gbùngbùn ní Áfíríkà, àkọlé ''Rántí Dídìde; Àlá Àwọn Aládú'' wá sí ìmúṣẹ. Iṣẹ́ ọnà náà jẹ́ àwòrán àfọwọ́kọ tí ó ń fi àwọn ìwádìí tí a ṣe nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìrísí onípele-ìrísí hàn, ó sì ń ṣe àfihàn àwọn àkójọ ìwé èdè Lárúbáwá láti ọwọ́ akéwì olókìkí ''[[Rumi]]'' . Ó tún ń ṣe àfihàn àwọn àmì tí ó wà títí, àwọn ìṣùpọ̀ citrine tí a fọ́nká pẹ̀lú glitter acrylic lulú lórí ìwé tí a fi aṣọ bò, èyí tí ó mú kí iṣẹ́ ọnà náà jẹ́ àkójọpọ̀ onírúurú.

Nípa fífi ẹ̀mí àṣà ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà hàn, àwòrán tí a fi àwọn àwòrán Zellige ṣe ní àwọn èdè Amazigh àti Berber . Ní àfikún sí àṣà ìfàmọ́ra ní agbègbè Sahara, ìpàdé ìkẹyìn ni a ṣe ní agbègbè Ojuelegba . Àwọn apá àkópọ̀ ìwé ''Remember To Rise'' ni ìràwọ̀ onímọ̀ nípa ìràwọ̀ Eta Carinae mí sí. &lt;ref name=&quot;naijatribune&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ntele&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ tó ṣe pàtàkì ==
Àkójọ àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n wà ní àkójọpọ̀ àti àwọn tí wọ́n wà níta àpérò náà tí wọ́n fọwọ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà náà ní ọdún 2018 nìyí. &lt;ref name=&quot;The Punch&quot; /&gt;{{Columns-list|*[[Seun Kuti]] (Nigerian musician)
*[[Ozwald Boateng]] OBE (British fashion designer)
*[[Sola David-Borha]] (Financial executive)
*[[Karim_Sy|Karim SY]] (Senegalese businessman)
*[[Amy Jadesimi]] (Award-winning businesswoman)
*[[Didi Akinyelure]] (Award-winning journalist)
*Rikki Stein (Media executive)
*[[Biola Alabi]] (Media entrepreneur)
*[[Adebola Williams]] (Media entrepreneur and journalist)
*Franklin Amoo (Investment executive)
*[[Alexander Amosu]] (Luxury designer)
*[[Tara_Fela-Durotoye|Tara Durotoye]] (Nigerian makeup artist)
*[[Mostafa Terrab]] (Celebrated Moroccan engineer)
*[[Michael Ugwu]] ( [[General_manager|GM]] for Sony Music Entertainment West Africa, 2018)
*[[Kanya King]] CBE (Founder of [[MOBO Awards]])
*Bronwyn Nielsen (Former Editor-in-Chief, [[CNBC Africa]])
*George Asamani (Entrepreneur)
*Oyinda Emelia Olufeko (Businesswoman)
*Niyi Richard Michael (Entrepreneur)
*Sade Michael . A (Legal entrepreneur)
*Neanda Salvaterra (Journalist)
*Jido Akran (Preschooler)}}

== Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ==
Oríṣiríṣi ènìyàn ló wà nínú iṣẹ́ ''Remember To Rise'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;The Punch&quot; /&gt;

=== Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Iṣòwò Lọ́ndọ́nù ===

* Soji Solanke - Alakoso Agba Ajọṣepọ ti Ẹgbẹ́ Afirika ti ọdun 2018
* Amine Bendriss - Ààrẹ Àjọ-àjọ-àjọ-àjọ-ẹgbẹ́ Áfíríkà ti ọdún 2018
* Elena Zhukova - 2018 African Club Conference Alaga

=== Ìṣẹ̀dá ===

* R. Sibaoueih - Ẹgbẹ́ àwọn òṣèré
* Wonu Talabi - Ẹgbẹ oluranlọwọ olorin (Apejọ)
* Abdellatif Abdul - Amazigh, Arabic ati berber linguist

== Wo tun ==

* Ìtúnsípadà Áfíríkà
* ''Iyasile Naa'', àwòrán

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340248035|Ibadan Military Cemetery]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Itẹ́ òkú àwọn ológun ní ìlú Ìbàdàn''' wà ní agbègbè Jericho ní ìlú [[Ìbàdàn]], Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref&gt;http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/cem&amp;cemetery=2037200 {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìsìnkú ló jẹ́ ti Ogun Àgbáyé Kejì 

Àárín ibi-isinku náà ni àgbélébùú ìrúbọ wà, pẹ̀lú àwọn agbègbè mẹ́jọ fún àwọn ẹ̀ka ìjọ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ níbi tí wọ́n ti pín àwọn ibi-isinku náà sí.

Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ìgbìmọ̀ Àwọn Ibojì Ogun Àgbáyé (CWGC) ti sọ, ibojì náà ní ibojì àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ mẹ́tàdínlógóje Commonwealth tí Ogun Àgbáyé Kejì farapa, ìsìnkú orílẹ̀-èdè àjèjì mẹ́jọ àti ìsìnkú mẹ́tàdínlógún tí kì í ṣe ti ogun àgbáyé. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Igbo ẹ̀rù Ibadan</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T15:01:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369535806|Ibadan forest of horror]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Igbó ìpayà ti Ibadan''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''ilé ìpayà ti Ibadan''' tàbí '''Soka''', jẹ́ ilé kan tí ó ti bàjẹ́, tí wọ́n sì gbàgbọ́ pé wọ́n ń lò ó fún títà ènìyàn àti fún ṣíṣe ẹbọ, èyí tí ó wà ní igbó Soka ní ìlú Ìbàdàn, Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́, ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-26721112|title=Nigerian 'House of Horror' riot in Ibadan|work=BBC News|date=24 March 2014|access-date=June 3, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;Àwọn awakọ̀ okùn-kẹ̀kẹ́-alágbèérù kan ló ṣàwárí ilé náà ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2014; wọ́n ti ṣètò àwárí lójijì lẹ́yìn tí awakọ̀ kan nínú wọn sọnu ní agbègbè náà.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/anxiety-grows-fate-okada-rider-exposed-ibadan-horror/|place=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Anxiety grows over fate of Okada rider who exposed Ibadan horror|date=29 March 2014|accessdate=May 1, 2022|journal=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn mẹ́jọ tó là á já ni wọ́n gbà là kúrò nínú ilé náà, nígbà tí a rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀yà ara, ara tó ń bàjẹ́ àti àwọn ohun tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ sí àwọn tó farapa ní agbègbè náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ajínigbé àti àwọn oníṣẹ́ àjẹ́ tí a kò mọ̀ ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà ló ṣe àkóso àwọn ìgbòkègbodò tó wáyé nínú igbó náà, àwọn tí àwọn ọmọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] àti àwọn olóṣèlú ọlọ́rọ̀ máa ń ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún nígbà gbogbo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kò tó ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n rí ibi tí ó wà ní Soka, wọ́n rí irú ibi kan náà ní Adigbe ní Abeokuta, Ìpínlẹ̀ Ogun . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=April 3, 2014|title=Another Horror Forest Uncovered In Ogun State|url=https://saharareporters.com/2014/04/03/another-horror-forest-uncovered-ogun-state|location=New York City, United States}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=April 4, 2014|title=Police rescue five babies, three pregnant women from baby factory in Abeokuta|url=https://dailypost.ng/2014/04/04/police-rescue-five-babies-three-pregnant-women-baby-factory-abeokuta/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Olatunji|first=Segun|date=May 25, 2014|title=Gory scenes in Ogun!|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/gory-scenes-ogun/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ilé tó wà níbẹ̀ ni wọ́n ti wó lulẹ̀ láti ìgbà náà, wọ́n sì ti tún un ṣe sí Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Àwòrán Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Àwòrán Àgbáyé ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Oyo, ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ girama kan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/soka-kidnappers-den-turns-college-but-its-past-haunts-residents-hampers-enrolment/|title=Soka kidnappers' den turns college but its past haunts residents, hampers enrolment|date=25 March 2018|access-date=May 1, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìṣesí ==
Àwárí igbó ìbẹ̀rù mú kí àríyànjiyàn wáyé ní gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àníyàn kan wà lórí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn olùṣàkóso (àwọn ajínigbé àti àwọn arúfin) ti igbó ìbẹ̀rù àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba pàtàkì kan àti àwọn olóṣèlú pàtàkì ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà ṣùgbọ́n ó dà bíi pé kò sí ẹ̀rí tó ṣe kedere láti fìdí òtítọ́ yẹn múlẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní agbègbè náà sọ pé àjọ ọlọ́pàá ìpínlẹ̀ Oyo kọ̀ láti ṣe ìwádìí lórí igbó náà bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà ni wọ́n ròyìn nípa ìjínigbé ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/man-caught-with-3-human-tongues-in-ibadan/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Man caught with 3 human tongues in Ibadan|accessdate=June 3, 2015|archivedate=July 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn kan lára àwọn tó là á já láti inú ihò náà sọ pé ẹni tó ń ṣe ìsìn náà jí àwọn tó kú gbé nípa sísọ pé àwọn ni àwọn aláṣẹ ètò ìtúnṣe ìlú tí ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ Oyo ń ṣètò. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/03/true-face-horror-ibadan-bow-knife-expose-herdsmen-suspects/|title=True face horror Ibadan bow knife expose herdsmen suspect|accessdate=June 3, 2015|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-26707586|title=Nigeria: Police probe Ibadan 'house of horror'|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Nani boi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T15:31:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374842641|Nani Boi]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Infobox writer|name=Nnaemeka Charles Eze|image=|image_size=|caption=|pen_name=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1983|03|23}}|birth_place=[[Nsukka]], [[Enugu State]]|education=[[University of Nigeria Nsukka]]|occupation=Screenwriter, author, Actor|period=2008-Present|genre=children's fiction|subject=|movement=|notable_works=|spouse=Uloma Eze|partner=|children=|relatives=|influences=|influenced=}}

== Ìgbésí ayé àti ẹ̀kọ́ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
A bi Nani Boi, ọmọ [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|Igbo]], ni [[Nsukka]], ni Ipinle Enugu . Ọmọ ìlú Orba ni ní agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Udenu|Udenu]], [[ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu]], Nàìjíríà. Ọmọ ilu Orba ni, ni agbegbe Ijọba Ibilẹ Udenu, ni Ipinle Enugu, Nàìjíríà,. O pari ẹkọ nipa imọ-jinlẹ nipa ilẹ (Geology) ni Yunifásítì ti Nàìjíríà, Nsukka.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Ola|last=Yinka|title=NANI BOI: MY DREAM WAS TO BE A FOOTBALLER|url=http://www.informationng.com/2017/10/nani-boi-dream-footballer.html|date=19 October 2017|access-date=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Nani jẹ́ onírúurú ní Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Nàìjíríà &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Newton-Ray|last=Ukwu|title=Pete Edochie, Mr. Ibu, Others Join Nani Boi To Meet Governor Ugwuanyi|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/pete-edochie-mr-ibu-others-join-nani-boi-to-meet-governor-ugwuanyi/|date=23 July 2018|access-date=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ti kọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé, ọ̀kan nínú wọn ni iṣẹ́ ìṣáájú rẹ̀ ''Mummy Why'' èyí tí ó ṣe àtúnṣe sí fíìmù kan tí ó ṣe àfihàn Pete Edochie, Ernest Obi, Uloma Eze àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2016.  Ó fẹ́ òṣèrébìnrin Uloma Eze. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Uche|last=Atuma|title=Actresses make good wives –Nani Boi, producer|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/actresses-make-good-wives-nani-boi-producer/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=30 September 2017|access-date=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ti lo àwọn iṣẹ́ orin díẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórin, tí ó ní àwọn olórin bíi Mr Raw, [[Kcee]], [[Dekumzy]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Winifred|last=Chisom|title=INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE IN ENUGU TO WATCH OUT FOR IN 2017|url=http://blueprintafric.com/opinion/influential_people_in_enugu_to_watch_out_for_in_2017.htmlWe|access-date=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó tún jẹ́ olùgbékalẹ̀ rédíò alákòókò díẹ̀ ní Dream 92.5FM [[Ẹnúgu|Enugu]] níbi tí ó ti ní ètò tirẹ̀ tí àkọlé rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ #Ogabugaa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Ovwe|last=Medeme|title=NANI BOI: My dream was to be a footballer|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/nani-boi-dream-footballer/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=28 October 2017|access-date=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=DTN|last=Staff|title=Pete Edochie, Ernest Obi turned my life around- Nani Boi, movie Producer|url=https://dailytimes.ng/pete-edochie-ernest-obi-turned-life-around-nani-boi-movie-producer/|date=20 September 2017|access-date=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìwé ìtàn ==

* ''Ìyá Kílódé'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eze|first=Charles|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books/about/Mummy_why.html?id=z7UcywAACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y|title=Mummy why|date=2008|publisher=El 'Demak Publishers|isbn=978-978-8143-26-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Àwọn Olùtẹ̀wé El 'Demak, 2008.{{ISBN|978-9-788-14326-0}}
* ''Àwọn Ìbejì'' . Àwọn Ìgbéjáde Nani Boi, ọdún 2008.{{ISBN|978-9-782-47311-0}}
* ''Àwọn Ọ̀dọ́mọdé Talenti'' . Àwọn Olùtẹ̀wé El 'Demak, 2008.{{ISBN|978-9-788-14329-1}}
* ''Ọmọ Ilẹ̀'' . Àwọn Olùtẹ̀wé El 'Demak, 2008.{{ISBN|978-9-788-14330-7}}
* ''Ọmọbìnrin ọlọ́rọ̀ àti Ọmọkùnrin Tútù'' . Àwọn Olùtẹ̀jáde El 'Demal, 2008.{{ISBN|978-9-788-14322-2}}
* ''Àwọn tí ebi pa'' . Àwọn Olùtẹ̀wé El 'Demak, 2008.{{ISBN|978-9-788-14321-5}}

== Fíìmù àwòrán ==

=== Fíìmù ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width 33:px;&quot; |Ọdún
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Fíìmù
|-
! Òṣèré
! Òǹkọ̀wé
! Olùgbéjáde
! Àwọn Àkíyèsí
|-
| 2016
| ''Ìyá Kílódé'' |{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}}
| Àtúnṣe fíìmù ìwé náà
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Lionheart (fiimu 2018)|Lionheart (fíìmù ọdún 2018)]]'' |{{yes}}|{{no}}|{{no}}
| (Awakọ̀) Ìrìn Àjò Àlàáfíà
|-
| 2019
| ''Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ tí kò tọ́'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NOLLYWOOD PRODUCER, NANI BOI MAKES PLANS FOR WRONG INITIATION|url=http://allure.vanguardngr.com/2017/10/nollywood-producer-nani-boi-makes-plans-for-wrong-initiation/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=10 October 2017|access-date=4 January 2019|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; |{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}}
| Olùdarí àjọ pẹ̀lú Saint-Do pẹ̀lú Jude Thomas Dawam
|-
| 2023
| Labalábá tí ń ṣẹ̀jẹ̀  |{{No}}|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
|}

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn òṣeré fílmù ará Nàìjíríà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1983]]
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360445469|Olamidotun Votu-Obada]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Olamidotun Votu-Obada''' jẹ́ oníṣòwò ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, olùkọ̀wé ìwé àwọn ọmọdé, àti olùbánisọ̀rọ̀ gbogbogbò . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Votu-Obada celebrates MKO in commemoration of Nigeria's Independence Anniversary|url=https://guardian.ng/art/votu-obada-celebrates-mko-in-commemoration-of-nigerias-independence-anniversary/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó jẹ́ alábáṣiṣẹpọ̀ olùdarí Filii Magna Limited, ilé-iṣẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ràn àti olùtọ́jú ìrìn-àjò pàtàkì kan,  àti alábáṣiṣẹpọ̀ olùdásílẹ̀ The Fun Central Company, ilé-iṣẹ́ eré ìdárayá ìdílé kan tí ó lókìkí ní [[Nàìjíríà]] .  Votu-Obada gba oyè nínú Ìṣòwò Ọrọ̀-ajé àti Ìṣòwò Owó Àgbáyé láti Yunifásítì Warwick àti Yunifásítì Reading, lẹ́sẹẹsẹ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=why every child deserves heroes who look like them|url=https://businessday.ng/opinion/article/why-every-child-deserves-heroes-who-look-like-them/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=28 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=literacy is a right but culture makes it powerful|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/literacy-is-a-right-but-culture-makes-it-powerful/amp/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=28 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbàmọ̀ràn lórí ètò ìṣàkóso, lẹ́yìn náà ó wá bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ṣe iṣẹ́ òwò ti ara rẹ̀, níbi tí ó ti dá àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tó ń ṣe àṣeyọrí sílẹ̀ ní ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ìgbàmọ̀ràn àti ti eré-ìdárayá. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí òǹkọ̀wé ìwé àwọn ọmọdé, Votu-Obada ti fa ọkàn àwọn òǹkàwé kékeré mọ́ra pẹ̀lú ọ̀nà àrà tí ó fi ń sọ ìtàn rẹ̀.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Erezi|first=Dennis|date=2024-04-22|title=Children must know, appreciate culture, says Votu-Obada|url=https://guardian.ng/news/children-must-know-appreciate-culture-says-votu-obada/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Meshioye|first=David|date=2024-04-24|title=With 'BIG series', Votu-Obada inspires culture knowledge for children|url=https://guardian.ng/art/with-big-series-votu-obada-inspires-culture-knowledge-for-children/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=April 16, 2024|title=I want to educate children on African history with book series – Olamidotun Votu-Obada|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/04/i-want-to-educate-children-on-african-history-with-book-series-olamidotun-votu-obada/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó tún jẹ́ agbọ̀rọ̀sọ ní gbangba tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn máa ń fẹ́ láti gbọ́ ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀, tí a sì mọ̀ fún ìwà rẹ̀ tó máa ń fa àfiyèsí àti bí ó ṣe máa ń ṣe àlàyé àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó kún fún ọgbọ́n àti òye. Ní ọdún 2019, wọ́n fi orúkọ rẹ̀ kún àtòjọ àwọn obìnrin &quot;50 tó ń fúnni ní ìwúrí jùlọ&quot; láti ọwọ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ìròyìn Business Day, èyí tí ó jẹ́ àmì ìdánimọ̀ fún àwọn ipa pàtàkì tí ó ti kó nínú ètò òwò àti iṣẹ́ ìdásílẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=BusinessDay|date=2024-10-24|title=&quot;Your hands are not empty&quot;- Olamidotun Votu-Obada on business management and personal finance for SMEs|url=https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/your-hands-are-not-empty-olamidotun-votu-obada-on-business-management-and-personal-finance-for-smes/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-10-28|title=Breaking Boundaries In Business And Literature: How Olamidotun Votu-Obada Inspires The Next Generation|url=https://independent.ng/breaking-boundaries-in-business-and-literature-how-olamidotun-votu-obada-inspires-the-next-generation/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Davidson|first=Japhet|title=Olamidotun Votu-Obada|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/tag/olamidotun-votu-obada/|access-date=2025-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Efua Traoré</title>
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      <id>636773</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T15:34:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345240943|Efua Traoré]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Efua Traoré|image=Efua Traoré.jpg|alt=|caption=|occupation=Story writer|notable_works={{Plainlist| 
* ''True Happiness'' (short story)
* ''Children of the Quicksands'' (novel)
}}|awards=[[Commonwealth Short Story Prize]] (2018)}}

 
'''Efua Traoré'''Ó jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti Jámánì. Ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Commonwealth Short Story Prize ti agbègbè ní ọdún 2018, wọ́n sì yàn án fún àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Waterstones Children's Book Prize ní ọdún 2022.

== Ìgbésí ayé àti iṣẹ́ ==
A bí Traoré, a sì tọ́ ọ dàgbà ní ìlú kékeré kan ní gúúsù [[Nàìjíríà]] . Ó ti gbé ní [[Fránsì|Faransé]] àti [[Jẹ́mánì|Jámánì]] pẹ̀lú. &lt;ref name=&quot;brittle paper&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ibeh|first=Chukwuebuka|title=Efua Traorè is Cover Star for Inaugural Masobe Quarterly Magazine|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/efua-traore-is-cover-star-for-inaugural-masobe-quarterly-magazine2/|date=April 15, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ó gba Ẹ̀bùn Ìtàn Kúkúrú ti Orílẹ̀-èdè Adúláwọ̀ fún Ìtàn Kúkúrú rẹ̀ &quot; ''True Happiness'' &quot; ní ọdún 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigerian shortlisted for £5,000 Commonwealth Short Story Prize 2018|url=https://guardian.ng/art/nigerian-shortlisted-for-5000-commonwealth-short-story-prize-2018/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=27 June 2018|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 2019, ìwé àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ &quot; ''Children of the Quicksands'' &quot; borí ''ìdíje Ìtàn Àwọn Ọmọdé ti The Times/Chicken House'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;the times&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efua Traoré, winner of the Times/Chicken House children’s fiction competition|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/efua-traore-winner-of-the-times-chicken-house-childrens-fiction-competition-03jhr3nrw|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=September 13, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n tún yan ìwé ìtàn náà fún ẹ̀bùn ìwé àwọn ọmọdé Waterstones ní ọdún 2022. &lt;ref name=&quot;i news&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Waterstones Children’s Book Prize shortlist shows TikTok influencers driving sales surge|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/waterstones-childrens-book-prize-shortlist-shows-tiktok-influencers-driving-sales-surge-1451194|newspaper=i News|date=February 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ó gba ''ẹ̀bùn ìwé Munich Literaturreferat YA Literature'' ti ọdún 2019 fún ìwé ìtàn rẹ̀ [[Èdè Germany|ní èdè Jámánì]] ''Die Hüter des Schlafes'' (The Guardians of Sleep). 

== Àwọn ìwé ==

* ''Àwọn Ọmọdé ti Quicksands'' (2021) — ìwé ìtàn àròsọ kan tí Ilé Àdìẹ gbé jáde &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The best children’s books of 2021|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/dec/12/the-best-childrens-books-of-2021|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ìwé The House of Shells'' (2022) — ìwé ìtàn àwọn ọmọdé tí Ilé Chicken ṣe.

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ọdún
! Àkọlé
! Iṣẹ́
! Àbájáde
! Gbékalẹ̀ láti ọwọ́
! &lt;abbr&gt;Àtúnṣe.&lt;/abbr&gt;
|-
| 2018
| Ẹ̀bùn Ìtàn Kúkúrú ti Commonwealth
| ''Ayọ̀ tòótọ́''|{{won}}
| Ìpìlẹ̀ Àjọ Agbáyé
| &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian nigeria&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 2019
| ''Idije Ìtàn Àròsọ Àwọn Ọmọdé Times/Chicken House''
| ''Àwọn ọmọ Quicksands''|{{won}}
| The Times / Ile Adie
| &lt;ref name=&quot;the times&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 2022
| Ẹ̀bùn Ìwé Àwọn Ọmọdé Waterstones
| ''Àwọn ọmọ Quicksands''|{{Nom}}
| Àwọn òkúta omi
| &lt;ref name=&quot;i news&quot; /&gt;
|}

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>hd9k9fzxi5dcu3vbpl9q4hm5m3oz8id</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kola Onadipe</title>
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      <id>636774</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371957405|Kola Onadipe]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Nathaniel Kolawole Onadipe''' (ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù Keje ọdún 1922 – ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1988), ẹni tí a mọ̀ dáadáa gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kola Onadipe, jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ fún kíkọ àwọn ìwé fún àwọn ọmọdé. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Nigerian Children's Literary Scene A View from Inside|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/mata/17-18/1/article-p177_14.xml}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìgbésí ayé ==
A bi Kola Onadipe ni [[Ìjẹ̀bú-Òde|Ijebu-Ode]], ipinle Ogun, Nigeria. A bí i sí ìdílé oníyàwó púpọ̀, òun sì ni ọmọkùnrin kejì ìyá rẹ̀. Onadipe kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa òfin ní Yunifásítì ti ìlú London ní ọdún 1949, lẹ́yìn náà ó ṣí ilé iṣẹ́ òfin kan pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ tímọ́tímọ́ [[Abraham Adesanya]] . Ó ní ọmọ mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún, ọmọkùnrin méje àti ọmọbìnrin mẹ́jọ, tí ó fi ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ fún, ó sì rí i dájú pé wọ́n tayọ̀ ní gbígba ipò ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára. Ó kú ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́ta lẹ́yìn tí ó ní àrùn ọpọlọ ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1988. Inu ile re to wa ni Ogbogbo, Ijebu-Ode, Naijiria ni won ti sin i. 

Ó jẹ́ Olórí Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Olu-Iwa (ọ̀kan lára àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga mẹ́rin pàtàkì ní Ijebu-Ode ní ìparí àwọn ọdún 1940, àwọn ọdún 1950 àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1960). Ó jẹ́ onímọ̀ràn tó lágbára, ó sì jẹ́ kí ilé ìwé náà wà ní ipò gíga nínú ẹ̀kọ́ àti ìwà rere. Ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ tó gbajúmọ̀ ni “Ìwọ lọ” èyí tó túmọ̀ sí wípé tí ó bá rí ọ tí o ń sá lọ, wọn yóò lé ọ kúrò nílé, láìka ẹni tí àwọn òbí rẹ lè jẹ́ sí. Olórí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, Olórí Timothy Adeola Odutola, bọ̀wọ̀ fún un gidigidi. 

Ó ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwùjọ àdúgbò rẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìrànlọ́wọ́ ìrànlọ́wọ́ àti ìtìlẹ́yìn fún àwọn àfojúsùn ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àdúgbò náà. 

== Àwọn ìtẹ̀jáde ==
Ó fi gbogbo ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ sí ẹ̀kọ́ àti kíkọ ìwé fún àwọn ọmọdé. Ó kọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé àwọn ọmọdé tí ó ní nínú wọn:

* ''The Adventures of Souza.'' [[Ìbàdàn|Ibadan]]: African Universities Press, 1963. {{ISBN|0-410-80038-4}}
* ''The Boy Slave.'' [[Èkó|Lagos]]: African Universities Press, 1966. OCLC number 623440282
* ''Koku Baboni.'' Ibadan: African Universities Press, 1965. OCLC number 26910639
* ''Sugar girl.'' [[Nairobi]]: East African Pub, 1964. OCLC number 731260
* ''The Magic land of the Shadows.'' Lagos: African University Press, 1970. OCLC number 32497510
* ''The Forest is our Playground.'' Lagos, Nigeria: Africa Universities Press, 1972. OCLC number 1736920
* ''The Return of Shettima.'' Lagos: University Press, 1972. OCLC number 1747640
* ''Builders of Africa.'' Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria: Natona Press, 1980. {{ISBN|978-178-004-5}}
* ''Footprints on the Niger''. Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria: Natona Press, 1980. {{ISBN|978-178-006-1}}
* ''Sunny Boy''. Ijebu-Ode: Natona Press, 1980. OCLC number 9633828
* ''Sweet Mother.'' Ijebu-Ode [Nigeria]: Natona Press, 1980. {{ISBN|978-178-001-0}}
* ''Around Nigeria in Thirty days.'' Nigeria:Natona, 1981. {{ISBN|978-178-027-4}}
* ''Call Me Michael.'' Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria: Natona Press, 1981. {{ISBN|978-178-017-7}}
* ''Halima Must Not Die : and other plays for schools''. Ijebu-Ode: Natona Press, 1981. {{ISBN|978-178-026-6}}
* ''Happy Birthday : Gueen for a day.'' Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria: Natona Press, 1982. {{ISBN|978-178-005-3}}
* ''Mothers-In-Law''. 1982
* ''[[The Other Woman (Nathaniel Kolawole Onadipe novel)|The Other Woman]]''. 1982
* ''A Pot of Gold.'' Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria: Natona Press Publishers, 1984. {{ISBN|978-178-008-8}}
* ''Beloved Daughters''. Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria: Natona Press, 1985. {{ISBN|978-178-022-3}}
* ''The King is Naked : and other stories''. Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria: Natona Press, 1985. {{ISBN|978-178-025-8}}
* ''The Mysterious Twins.'' Ijebu-Ode: Natona, 1986. OCLC number 633642923
* ''Binta : The Beautiful Bride.'' Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria: Natona Press, 1988. {{ISBN|978-978-178-041-7}}

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1922]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1988]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>iojt8pms1llx5jmy0sjb1gr2ohz1j5l</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Anthony Anenih</title>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372805699|Anthony Anenih]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder|name=Anthony Akhakon Anenih|image=|caption=|office1=Minister of Works and Housing|term_start1=1999|term_end1=2003|predecessor1=|successor1=[[Isaiah Balat]]|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1933|8|04}}|birth_place=[[Uzenema-Arue]], [[Uromi]], [[Nigeria]]|spouse=[[Josephine Anenih]]|death_date={{Death date and age|df=y|2018|10|28|1933|8|04}}|death_place=|party=}}


'''Anthony Akhakon Anenih''' (ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 1933 – ọjọ́ kéjídínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2018) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ẹni tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Minisítà fún Iṣẹ́ àti Ilé láàárín ọdún 1999 sí 2003. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Bello|first=Elijah|date=2018-11-04|title=From policeman to political juggernaut: The story of Anthony Anenih|url=https://businessday.ng/politics/article/policeman-political-juggernaut-story-tony-anenih/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
A bí Anenih ní Uzenema-Arue, [[Uromi]], ní ọdún 1933. Ó dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ́pàá Nàìjíríà ní ìlú Benin. Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ láti ilé, ó sì gba ìwé ẹ̀rí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ girama. Ó lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ọlọ́pàá ní Ikeja, wọ́n sì yàn án fún ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ síwájú síi ní Bramshill Police College, Basingstoke, [[Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì|England]] ní ọdún 1966 àti ní Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Awọn ọlọpaa Kariaye, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] ní ọdún 1970. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-10-29|title=OBITUARY: Tony Anenih: Nigeria's 'Mr Fix It'|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/293131-obituary-tony-anenih-nigerias-mr-fix-it.html|access-date=2022-03-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn náà, ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọlọ́pàá fún Gómìnà-Gbogbogbò àkọ́kọ́ ti Nàìjíríà, [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] . Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ ní onírúurú kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ọlọ́pàá, ní ọdún 1975, wọ́n yàn án sí Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Àwọn Olùṣàkóso (ASCON), ní Èkó. Ó fẹ̀yìntì ní ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ́pàá Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ipò kọ́mísónà ọlọ́pàá. &lt;ref name=&quot;edow&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/index.php/columns/views/perspective/4411-anenih-driving-nigeria-from-uromi|title=Anenih: Driving Nigeria From Uromi|last=Tony Ikpasaja|date=4 August 2009|access-date=2009-11-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ìṣèlú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Anenih ni alaga ipinlẹ fun Ẹgbẹ́ Osẹ́gun Orilẹ-ede Naijiria (NPN) laarin ọdun 1981 si 1983, lakoko ti o ṣe atilẹyin fun idibo [[Samuel Ogbemudia]] gẹgẹbi gomina alagbada ti [[Agbègbè Àrin-Apáìwọ̀òrùn Nàìjíríà|Ipinle Bendel]] . Sibẹsibẹ, ijọba naa kuru nitori gbigba agbara ologun ni Oṣu kejila ọdun 1983. Ó jẹ́ Alága Orílẹ̀-èdè ti Ẹgbẹ́ Aláṣẹ Àwùjọ láti ọdún 1992 sí 1993, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún yíyàn [[M. K. O. Abíọ́lá|Moshood Abiola]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààrẹ. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìpàdé òfin ní ọdún 1994. &lt;ref name=&quot;edow&quot; /&gt;

Anenih jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Peoples Democratic Movement (PDM), United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP) àti [[People's Democratic Party|Peoples Democratic Party]] (PDP). Wọ́n sọ pé Anenih ló ṣe àkóso ìkéde Ààrẹ Obasanjo ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2002 ní International Conference Center ní Abuja.  Ó jẹ́ igbákejì olùdarí orílẹ̀-èdè fún ẹgbẹ́ ìpolongo [[Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́|Olusegun Obasanjo]] ní ìdìbò ọdún 1999 àti 2003. &lt;ref name=&quot;edow&quot; /&gt;

== Minisita fun Ise ati Ile ==
Wọ́n yan Anenih gẹ́gẹ́ bí Mínísítà fún Iṣẹ́ àti Ilé ní ọdún 1999. Lẹ́yìn náà ló di Alága Ìgbìmọ̀ Àwọn Olùtọ́jú ti PDP. &lt;ref name=&quot;edow&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn àríyànjiyàn ==
Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2009, ìgbìmọ̀ ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin kan gbé ìròyìn kan jáde lórí ìwádìí wọn lórí lílo owó tó ju ₦300 billion lọ ní ẹ̀ka ìrìnnà nígbà ìjọba Obasanjo. Igbimọ naa damọran pe ki a fi ẹsun kan awọn minisita atijọ mẹtala, pẹlu Anenih, pe oun ti fun ni awọn adehun laisi ipese isuna.  Ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2009, ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin dáwọ́ dúró lórí àyẹ̀wò ìròyìn náà láìlópin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/05/senate-suspends-n300bn-contract-report/comment-page-1/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Senate suspends N300bn contract report}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2009, Ilé ìfowópamọ́ Àárín Gbùngbùn Nàìjíríà gbé àkójọ àwọn oníbàárà tí wọ́n ní gbèsè ńlá sí àwọn ilé ìfowópamọ́ márùn-ún tí wọ́n ti ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn jáde. Ó ròyìn pé, nípasẹ̀ Mettle Energy and Gas limited, Anenih àti Osahon Asemota jẹ gbèsè ₦2.06 billion.  Anenih sẹ́ pé òun kò ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú Mettle Energy and Gas Limited, ó sì sọ pé òun ti kọ̀wé sí alága àjọ Ìgbìmọ̀ tó ń rí sí Àwọn Ọ̀daràn nípa Ọrọ̀-ajé àti Ètò Owó (EFCC), Farida Waziri, láti rọ̀ wọ́n láti ṣe ìwádìí lórí ọ̀rọ̀ náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22093/1/Anger-shock-over-list-of-troubled-banks-debtors/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Anger, shock over list of troubled banks' debtors|date=2009-10-16|access-date=2009-11-27|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
Anenih fẹ́ [[Josephine Anenih]], agbẹjọ́rò kan, tó sì ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alága fún Federation of Women Lawyers láti ọdún 1994 sí 2000. Wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Mínísítà fún Àjọ Àwọn Obìnrin ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2010, nígbà tí Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] kéde àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ rẹ̀. 

== Ikú ==
Anenih kú ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2018 nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́rin, wọ́n sì sin ín sí ìlú ìbílẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní Uromi. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn olókìkí ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà ló wá síbi ìsìnkú rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dogara mourns Tony Anenih|url=https://guardian.ng/news/dogara-mourns-tony-anenih/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=24 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Títí di ìgbà tí ó fi kú, òun ni ''Iyasele'' ti Esanland.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1933]]</text>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326179834|Emmanuel Bayode Ajulo]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Emmanuel Bayode Ajulo''' (ti a bi ni ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 1947) ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù Anglican àkọ́kọ́ ti Okene ní Agbègbè Lokoja ti Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì ti Nàìjíríà láti ọdún 2008 títí di ìgbà tí ó fẹ̀yìn tì lẹ́nu iṣẹ́ ní ọdún 2017.

A bi i ni Lampese (ti a mọ si Ipinle Edo bayi), o si lọ si Ile-ẹkọ Girama Anglican Igarra lati ọdun 1962 titi di ọdun 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=26 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ó gba oyè BA nínú èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (1973) àti MA (Ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì) ní ọdún 1978 láti [[Obafemi Awolowo University|Yunifásítì ti Ife]] àti PhD (Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì) láti Yunifásítì ti Sheffield, England (1980). Ajulo ti ni awọn ipo ni awọn ile-ẹkọ giga wọnyi: [[Yunifásítì Ambrose Alli|Ambrose Alli]], [[Yunifásítì Àmọ́dù Béllò|Ahmadu Bello]], ati [[Yunifásítì ìlú Jos|Yunifasiti ti Jos]] (nibi ti o ti di Ọjọgbọn ni ọdun 1995). 

Wọ́n fi í ṣe Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù Aṣáájú, Ẹgbẹ́ Anglicán ti Okene ní ọdún 2008 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, Emmanuel Onsachi sì gba ipò rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó fẹ̀yìntì ní ọdún 2017. 

Ó ti kọ ìtàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀: ''Ọmọ Àánú Rẹ̀'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=5 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1947]]</text>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342221038|Pauline Uwakweh]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Pauline Ada Uwakweh|image=|caption=|other_names=|birth_name=|birth_date=|birth_place=Uvuru in [[Aboh-Mbaise]], [[Imo State]]|death_date=|death_place=|death_cause=|education=[[Owerri Girls Secondary School]], [[University of Port Harcourt]], [[University of Calabar]] and [[Temple University]]|occupation=writer and academic|employer=|known_for=|spouse=|children=|parents=|relatives=|website=|signature=|footnotes=}}

 
'''Pauline Ada Uwakweh'''  fetisi ⓘ jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé àti ọ̀mọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀- [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Nígbà tí ó ń kọ̀wé gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''Pauline Onwubiko''', Ó ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ìwé *Running for Cover* (1988), èyí tí í ṣe ìwé ìtàn àròsọ fún àwọn ọmọdé tí ó sì ṣàlàyé Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà láti ojú ìwòye ọmọdé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fister1995&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Barbara Fister|chapter=Onwubiko, Pauline|title=Third World Women's Literatures: A Dictionary and Guide to Materials in English|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRievpkUWQkC&amp;pg=PA231|year=1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28988-0|pages=231–2}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ó jẹ́ Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú ẹ̀kọ́ Lítíréṣọ̀ ní Ẹ̀ka Ẹ̀kọ́ Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Yunifásítì North Carolina A&amp;T State.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCAT&quot;&gt;[https://www.ncat.edu/employee-bio.php?directoryID=1316297689 Pauline A Uwakweh], [[North Carolina A&amp;T State University]].&lt;/ref&gt; Àgbègbè pàtàkì tí ó kọ́jú sí nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ni àwọn iṣẹ́ ìkọ̀wé àti lítíréṣọ̀ ti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà àti ti àwọn ọmọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà tí wọ́n wà ní òkè-òkun, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn iṣẹ́ ìkọ̀wé àwọn obìnrin.

Ó gba oyè doctorate rẹ̀ láti Yunifásítì Temple, MA rẹ̀ láti Yunifásítì ti Calabar, àti BA rẹ̀ láti Yunifásítì ti Port Harcourt . Ògbóǹtarìgì rẹ̀ wà nínú ìwé àwọn obìnrin tí wọ́n ti di ará Áfíríkà lẹ́yìn ìjọba amúnisìn àti àwọn obìnrin tí wọ́n ti di ará Áfíríkà láti òkèèrè.

Uwakweh jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó kọ ìwé náà, ''Engaging the Diaspora: Migration and African Families'' (2013), àti olóòtú ìwé ''African Women Under Fire: Literary Discourses in War and Conflict'' (2017). Àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ fara hàn nínú àwọn ìwé àròjinlẹ̀ àti ìwé ìròyìn nípa ìwé àròjinlẹ̀ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Carnegie African Diaspora Fellowship Program .

== Ìgbésí ayé ==
Pauline Onwubiko was born in Uvuru, [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Aboh-Mbaise|Aboh-Mbaise]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo State]] .  Ó lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ girama àwọn ọmọbìnrin [[Owerri]], ní ọdún 1982 ó sì parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú oyè BA nínú [[Lítíréṣọ̀|ìwé kíkà]] láti [[Yunifásítì ìlú Port Harcourt|Yunifásítì ti Port Harcourt]] . Ó gba oyè master nínú ẹ̀kọ́ [[èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]] àti ìwé kíkà láti [[Yunifásítì ìlú Calabar|Yunifásítì Calabar]], &lt;ref name=&quot;Fister1995&quot; /&gt; àti PhD láti Temple University .  Kí ó tó kó lọ sí [[Àríwá Carolina|North Carolina]] A&amp;T, ó kọ́ni ní Ẹ̀ka Ẹ̀kọ́ Àwọn Adúláwọ̀ Amẹ́ríkà ní Yunifásítì Cincinnati àti Ẹ̀ka Ẹ̀kọ́ [[Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì|Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]] àti Ìwé ní [[Yunifásítì ìlú Calabar|Yunifásítì Calabar]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;UwakwehRotich2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Engaging the Diaspora: Migration and African Families|year=2013|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-7974-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Carnegie African Diaspora Fellow ní ọdún 2016. 

Uwakweh ti kọ awọn atako litireso lori ọpọlọpọ awọn onkọwe, pẹlu [[Toni Morrison]], Chinua Achebe, [[Buchi Emecheta]], Nawal El-Saadawi, [[Alice Walker]], [[Gloria Naylor]], Tsitsi Dangarembga, [[Cyprian Ekwensi]], [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Gomarehen]] Kẹyọmu Kẹyọmu . Ó ṣe àtúnṣe àti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àkójọpọ̀ kan ní ọdún 2013 lórí ìṣíwájú àti àwọn ìdílé Áfíríkà. &lt;ref name=&quot;UwakwehRotich2013-intro&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Engaging the Diaspora: Migration and African Families|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5FlAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Orí tirẹ̀ wo ìgbéyàwó, [[ìyá]] àti ìṣípòpadà nínú ìkọ̀wé Buchi Emecheta àti Chimamanda Adichie. &lt;ref name=&quot;UwakwehRotich2013-ch1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Engaging the Diaspora: Migration and African Families}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 2017, ó ṣe àtúnṣe ó sì ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àkójọ kan lórí ogun àti àwọn obìnrin Áfíríkà, &lt;ref name=&quot;Uwakweh2017-intro&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Women Under Fire: Literary Discourses in War and Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDw8DgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1}}&lt;/ref&gt; nínú èyí tí àfikún tirẹ̀ gbé àkọsílẹ̀ Grace Akallo, ''Girl Soldier'', àti ìwé ìtàn Susan Minot ''Thirty Girls'' kalẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;Uwakweh2017-memoir&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Women Under Fire: Literary Discourses in War and Conflict}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn iṣẹ́ ==

* ''Sáré fún ìbòrí'' . Owerri, Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo: Àwọn Ìwé Ìtẹ̀jáde KayBeeCee. Atun ṣe àtúnṣe láti ọwọ́ Africa First Publishers, 2010.
* (atúnṣe pẹ̀lú Jerono P. Rotich àti Comfort O. Okpala) ''Fífi àwọn ará ìlú òkèèrè sílé hàn: ìṣíkiri àti àwọn ìdílé ará Áfíríkà'' . Lanham: Àwọn Ìwé Lexington, 2013.
* (àtúnṣe.) ''Àwọn Obìnrin Áfíríkà Tí Wọ́n Ń Iná sí: Àwọn Ọ̀rọ̀ Ìkọ̀wé Nínú Ogun àti Ìjà'' . Lanham: Àwọn Ìwé Lexington, 2017.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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'''Rosina Umelo''' (tí a bí ní '''Rosina Martin''', ọdún 1930)  jJẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó gbajúmọ̀ fún àwọn ìtàn kúkúrú, àwọn ìwé fún àwọn ọmọdé, àti àwọn ìtàn àròsọ fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́. Ó tún ti ṣe àtẹ̀jáde àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lábẹ́ orúkọ ìkọ̀wé náà, '''Adaeze Madu.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Bearing Witness: Readers, Writers, and the Novel in Nigeria|location=Princeton, New Jersey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kf7_x8yz430C&amp;q=%22rosina%20umelo%22&amp;pg=PR3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé ==
A bí Rosina &quot;Rose&quot; Martin ní Cheshire, ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ó sì kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Bedford College, ní University of London. Ó fẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ John Umelo ní ọdún 1961, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti pàdé ní ojú-ọ̀nà ọkọ̀ ojú-irin abẹ́lẹ̀ ní London&lt;ref name=&quot;hurstpublishers.com2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/surviving-biafra/|title=Surviving Biafra &amp;#124; Hurst Publishers}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ní ọdún 1965, àwọn méjèèjì kó lọ sí Nàìjíríà. Ó kọ́ni ní èdè Latin ní ilé-ìwé Queens School, ní Enugu, títí di ìgbà tí Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà (1967–70) bẹ̀rẹ̀. Ó di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1971 nípasẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001/acref-9780195146561-e-3276|title=Umelo Rosina}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sì ṣẹ̀dá àwọn ohun èlò ẹ̀kọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Lẹ́yìn náà, Umelo di olùdarí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Stories About West Africans}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umelo ní ọmọ mẹ́fà. 

Umelo kó àwọn ìtàn kúkúrú méjìlá rẹ̀ jọ fún àwọn àgbàlagbà sínú ìwé ''The Man Who Eate the Money'' (1978), márùn-ún nínú wọn ló gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nancy J. Schmidt, tó ń kọ̀wé fún ''Africa Today'', pe ìwé Umelo nínú ìwé ''The Man Who Eate the Money ní'' “ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́,” bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kókó ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ dá lórí àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ tó wọ́pọ̀ nínú ìtàn àròsọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Umelo tún kọ̀wé fún eré orin àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba tó gbajúmọ̀ tí Macmillan tẹ̀ jáde, tí a pè ní Pacesetters Series . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Genre and Authority in Some Popular Nigerian Women's Novels|author=Erwin|pages=81–99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umelo tún ṣẹ̀dá àwọn iṣẹ́ fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba fún eré &quot;Heart Beats&quot;, tí Chelsea House Publishers tẹ̀ jáde ní àwọn ọdún 1990. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|archivedate=20 February 2016|title=Books &amp; Things: Nurturing the Image of the Black Child|author=Wells}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ọdún 1967, Agbègbè Ìlà Oòrùn Nàìjíríà, tí olú ìlú rẹ̀ jẹ́ [[Ẹnúgu|Enugu]], ya ara wọn sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí orílẹ̀-èdè tuntun tí wọ́n pè ní [[Biafra]] . Ìdílé Umelo sá kúrò ní ilé wọn ní Enugu lọ sí abúlé John Umelo ní àárín gbùngbùn Biafra. Nígbà ogun náà, Rosina ń kọ àkọsílẹ̀ sí àwọn àkíyèsí rẹ̀, èyí tí ó kọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ogun náà, èyí tí ó parí ní ọdún 1970 pẹ̀lú ó kéré tán mílíọ̀nù kan àwọn aráàlú tí wọ́n kú. Àkọsílẹ̀ yìí, tí a pè ní &quot;A World of our Own,&quot; kò sí ní ìtẹ̀jáde títí di ọdún 2018, nígbà tí ó di kókó ìwé kan, ''Surviving Biafra: A Nigerwife's Story'' (Hurst Publishers, London), tí wọ́n kọ pẹ̀lú onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá ènìyàn S. Elizabeth Bird. 

Nígbà tó yá, Umelo ṣiṣẹ́ ní Ile-iṣẹ Kariaye fun Iṣẹ-ogbin ni Agbegbe Gbigbona, [[Ìbàdàn|Ibadan]] . Ní ọdún 2023, ó ń gbé ní Dagenham ní United Kingdom . 

== Ìwé ìtàn ==

* {{Cite book|title=Who Are You?|publisher=Macmillan|year=2002|isbn=9780333992500}}
* {{Cite book|title=The House in the Forest|publisher=Macmillan|year=1996|isbn=9780333653494}}
* {{Cite book|title=Waiting for Tomorrow|publisher=Macmillan|year=1995|isbn=9780333641460}}
* {{Cite book|title=Soldier-Boy|publisher=Macmillan|year=1994|isbn=9780333615928}}
* {{Cite book|title=Dark Blue is for Dreams|publisher=Macmillan|year=1994|isbn=9780333610510}}
* {{Cite book|title=Loveletters|publisher=Macmillan|year=1994|isbn=9780333627426}}
* {{Cite book|title=Forever|publisher=Heinemann Heartbeats|year=1994|isbn=9780435934415}}
* {{Cite book|title=Sara's Friends|publisher=Macmillan|year=1993|isbn=9780333602133}}
* {{Cite book|title=No Problem!|publisher=Macmillan|year=1993|isbn=9780333587225}}
* {{Cite book|title=Days of Silence|publisher=Macmillan|year=1993|isbn=9780333581162}}
* {{Cite book|title=Striped Paint|publisher=Macmillan|year=1992|isbn=9780333568651}}
* {{Cite book|title=Please Forgive Me|publisher=Chelsea House Heartbeats|year=1993|isbn=9780791029374}}
* {{Cite book|title=Something to Hide|publisher=Macmillan|year=1986|isbn=9780333398975}}
* {{Cite book|title=Broken Promise|author=Madu|publisher=Paperback Publishers|year=1986|isbn=9789782432643}}
* {{Cite book|title=Finger of Suspicion|publisher=Macmillan|year=1984|isbn=9780333362990}}
* {{Cite book|title=Felicia|publisher=Macmillan|year=1978|isbn=9780333253472}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Man Who Ate the Money|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1978|isbn=9789781540837}}
* {{Cite book|title=Surviving Biafra: A Nigerwife's Story|publisher=Hurst|year=2018|isbn=978-1849049580}}

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn ==

* Ẹ̀bùn Àjọyọ̀ Ìwé Cheltenham (1973) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Ẹ̀bùn ìdíje ìtàn kúkúrú ti Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (1972 àti 1974) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Ẹ̀bùn Ìtàn BBC (1966) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372187388|Adaeze Atuegwu]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Adaeze Atuegwu|image=Adaeze Atuegwu.jpg|birth_date={{birth date and age|mf=yes|June 5, 1977}}|birth_place=Enugu, Nigeria|citizenship=American|education=Rutgers University
Johns Hopkins University 
University of Florida|occupation=Author, pharmacist|years_active=1994–present|website=adaezea.com}}


'''Adaeze Ifeoma Atuegwu''' // ⓘ (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kẹfà, ọdún 1977) jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé àti òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà-Amẹ́ríkà &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Revisiting Adaeze Atuegwu: 17 Books at 17|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/revisiting-adaeze-atuegwu-17-books-at-17/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-11-23|archivedate=November 24, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní àwọn ìwé ìtàn, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Adaeze Atuegwu: Paving the Way for Other Young Authors|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/07/16/adaeze-atuegwu-paving-the-way-for-other-young-authors/|access-date=2022-11-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; ìtàn àwọn ọmọdé, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Young Writers Should Be Encouraged – Adaeze Atuegwu|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/young-writers-should-be-encouraged-nigerian-author-adaeze-atuegwu/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; ìtàn àròsọ ìṣègùn, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Atuegwu: Enabling blind children through Braille and audio books|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/atuegwu-enabling-blind-children-through-braille-and-audio-books/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; àti eré orí ìtàgé.  Wọ́n kà á sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn òǹkọ̀wé tó kéré jùlọ ní Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ìwé mẹ́tàdínlógún tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàdínlógún. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's youngest most prolific author: Adaeze Atuegwu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/nigerias-youngest-most-prolific-author-adaeze-atuegwu/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Adaeze Atuegwu: Nigeria's Youngest Bestselling Author of 17 Books at 17 Years Old|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/adaeze-atuegwu-nigerians-youngest-bestselling-author-of-17-books-at-17-years-old/|access-date=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=17 Books At 17 Years Yet Adaeze Atuegwu Never Planned To Be A Writer|url=https://dailytrust.com/17-books-at-17-years-yet-adaeze-atuegwu-never-planned-to-be-a-writer/|access-date=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Young African Female Authors That Made History – Atuegwu, Oyeyemi, and Nkamankeng|url=https://leadership.ng/young-african-female-authors-that-made-history-atuegwu-oyeyemi-and-nkamankeng/|access-date=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Adaeze Atuegwu: Paving the Way for Other Young Authors|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/07/16/adaeze-atuegwu-paving-the-way-for-other-young-authors/|access-date=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé àti ìdílé ==
A bi Atuegwu ni ilu [[Ẹnúgu|Enugu]] &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt; ni [[Nàìjíríà|Nigeria]] si oogun &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=August 1, 2022|title=17 Books At 17 Years Yet Adaeze Atuegwu Never Planned To Be A Writer|url=https://dailytrust.com/17-books-at-17-years-yet-adaeze-atuegwu-never-planned-to-be-a-writer/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ati oninurere &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Philanthropist bequeaths Nnewi Anglican Community with modern Church building|date=January 14, 2020|url=https://authorityngr.com/2020/01/14/philanthropist-bequeaths-nnewi-anglican-community-with-modern-church-building/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=[[The Authority (newspaper)|The Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Prince Chris Atuegwu ti idile ọba Nnofo ni [[Nnewi]] &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=November 18, 2022|title=Atuegwu: Enabling blind children through Braille and audio books|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/atuegwu-enabling-blind-children-through-braille-and-audio-books/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=[[New Telegraph]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ati Lady Ifeoma Atuegwu, onina oogun &lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; oninurere oninurere,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=May 18, 2017|title=Physically challenged youths receive N13.5m interest-free loan in Enugu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/physically-challenged-youths-receive-n13-5m-interest-free-loan-enugu/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; oludasile Bina Foundation,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2022|title=PCN excited by BINA Foundation's contributions to blind powerlifting|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/pcn-excited-by-bina-foundations-contributions-to-blind-powerlifting/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Lady Ifeoma Atuegwu Bags Margarette Golding Award|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/04/07/lady-ifeoma-atuegwu-bags-margarette-golding-award/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=April 6, 2017|title=Pomp as Inner Wheel Club honours Atuegwu|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/pomp-as-inner-wheel-club-honours-atuegwu/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Margarette Golding ti International Inner Wheel ni ọdun 2017, lati [[Nnewi]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Ipinle Anambra]], Nigeria.

Atuegwu dàgbà ní [[Ẹnúgu|Enugu]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Oboh|date=July 8, 2022|title=Nigeria's youngest most prolific author: Adaeze Atuegwu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/nigerias-youngest-most-prolific-author-adaeze-atuegwu/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-11-24|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Atuegwu wrote her first novel, Fate at 17 years old&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt; in 1994&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; while awaiting her [[Eto eko ni orile-ede Naijiria|Senior Secondary School]] [[West African Examinations Council]] Certificate Examinations (WAEC) results.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt;

== Ẹ̀kọ́ ==
Atuegwu parí ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ìwé alàkọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ àti ti girama rẹ̀ ní àwọn ilé-ìwé alàkọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ àti girama ti Yunifásítì ní Enugu.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot; /&gt; níbi tí ó ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àmì-ẹ̀yẹ fún iṣẹ́ ẹ̀kọ́ àti àwọn ohun mìíràn. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt; Nígbà tí ó wà ní ilé-ìwé girama, ó jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé àti olóòtú fún 'Honour', ìwé-ìròyìn ilé-ìwé rẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt;

Atuegwu kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ilé ìtajà oògùn ní [[Yunifásítì ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà|Yunifásítì ti Nsukka]] (UNN) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=777xAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=adaeze+atuegwu|title=Enugu State FSP Magazine: A Quarterly Publication of Family Support Programme, Enugu State}}&lt;/ref&gt; fún ìgbà kan.  Ní ọdún 1996, ó kó lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà, lẹ́yìn náà ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ilé ìtajà oògùn ní Yunifásítì Rutgers .  Ó gba oyè Bachelor of Pharmacy àti oyè doctorate nínú ilé ìtajà oògùn ( PharmD ) ní ọdún 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; Nígbà tí ó wà ní Yunifásítì Rutgers, ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí òǹkọ̀wé olùrànlọ́wọ́ àti olóòtú àdàkọ fún ìwé ọdún ilé ìtajà oògùn rẹ̀, ''Pharmascript'' . 

Ní ọdún 2008, Atuegwu parí ìwé-ẹ̀rí master nínú ìkọ̀wé oníṣẹ̀dá ní Yunifásítì Johns Hopkins . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; Ní ọdún 2014, ó gba oyè master nínú ìṣàkóso ìtọ́jú oògùn láti Yunifásítì ti Florida . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; Atuegwu ní ìwé ẹ̀rí láti ọ̀dọ̀ American Medical Writers Association (AMWA). &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ kíkọ ==
Ní ọdún 1994, Ilé-iṣẹ́ Fourth Dimension Publishing Company [  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=International Books in Print|publisher=K.G. Saur|isbn=978-3-598-22133-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwankwo dá sílẹ̀, ó sì tẹ̀ ìwé ìtàn àkọ́kọ́ Atuegwu jáde, ''Fate'', ìtàn nípa ìbáṣepọ̀ ìfẹ́ tí ó ti bàjẹ́ &lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt; nígbà tí ó wà ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàdínlógún. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt; Ìwé ìtàn kejì rẹ̀, ''Tears'', ni a tẹ̀ jáde láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà &lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; láti ọwọ́ B-Teks Publishing. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot; /&gt; Àwọn ìwé mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún tó tẹ̀lé e ni Atuegwu tẹ̀ jáde láàrín oṣù mẹ́jọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Young writers should be encouraged – Nigerian Author Adaeze Atuegwu|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; tó mú kí ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn òǹkọ̀wé tó kéré jùlọ ní Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt; Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀, ''The Magic Leaf'', tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1994, jẹ́ ìtàn àdánidá &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Classic Folktales and Fantasy Books Set In Nigeria|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní Gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà . ''Wọ́n'' tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní &lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt; . Àwọn ìwé mìíràn tó kọ ni '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Adventures of Nnanna''' (1995), ''Chalet 9'' (1995), ''Bina and the Birthday Cake'' (1995), ''Bina and the Sailboat'' (1995), ''Bina at the Beach'' (1995), ''Bina at the Supermarket'' (1995), ''Bina at the Airport'' (1995), ''Lizzy's First Year at School'' (1995), ''Lizzy's'' ''Kejì Year at School'' (1995), àti ''Lizzy's Kẹta Year at School'' (1995). &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù keje, ọdún 1995,  wọ́n ṣe ìpàdé fún Atuegwu ní Enugu Press Centre. Níbi ayẹyẹ yìí, obìnrin àtijọ́ ti [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu]], Arábìnrin Olusola Torey, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; ìyàwó Colonel [[Mike Torey]], ṣàpèjúwe Atuegwu gẹ́gẹ́ bí &quot;ọlọ́gbọ́n ọmọdé&quot; àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn oníròyìn ṣe sọ, &quot;ọ̀kan lára àwọn òǹkọ̀wé tó kéré jùlọ pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ìkọ̀wé onígboyà àti ọmọdé onímọ̀ nípa ìwé.&quot; 

Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 1996, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; Àwọn ìwé mẹ́tàdínlógún tí Atuegwu kọ ni wọ́n para pọ̀ ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní ìlú Enugu ní Nàìjíríà lábẹ́ àkọlé náà “ìwé mẹ́tàdínlógún ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàdínlógún”. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=August 2, 2022|title=Adaeze Atuegwu: A legendary contribution to children's books in Nigeria|url=https://www.thecable.ng/adaeze-atuegwu-a-legendary-contribution-to-childrens-books-in-nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=[[TheCable]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Níbi ayẹyẹ yìí, General Sam Momah, mínísítà sáyẹ́ǹsì àti ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ tẹ́lẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà, ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí &quot;ọlọ́gbọ́n ìwé àti ẹ̀bùn fún Nàìjíríà.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;

A lo àwọn ìwé Atuegwu ní Nàìjíríà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé-ẹ̀kọ́ tí a nílò àti ohun-èlò fún kíkà ní àwọn ilé-ìwé alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀, ti girama, àti ti gíga, pẹ̀lú fún àwọn ìdánwò abala kékeré ti West African Examinations Council (WAEC) àti àwọn ìdánwò ilé-ìwé girama mìíràn.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot; /&gt; A kà Atuegwu sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó ṣáájú àkókò tuntun ti àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ọ̀dọ́mọdé Nàìjíríà òde òní.  A tun kà á sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó ṣáájú àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ìran kẹta ti Nàìjíríà . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt; Àwọn ìwé Atuegwu wà nílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé ohùn àti [[Abidi Braille|ìwé braille]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=October 22, 2022|title=Atuegwu: Touching lives of blind children with books|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/atuegwu-touching-lives-of-blind-children-with-books/|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ PEN America ni . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=November 24, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ifẹ́ àti ìfẹ́ni-ọkàn ==
Atuegwu jẹ́ olùgbèjà fún àwọn aláàbọ̀ ara pẹ̀lú àwọn afọ́jú àti àwọn tí ojú wọn ti bàjẹ́ nípasẹ̀ ìkópa rẹ̀ nínú Bina Foundation for People with Special Needs, àjọ tí kìí ṣe ti èrè kan ní Enugu, Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwafor|title=Respite at last for 200 people with special needs|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rapheal|title=Ability in disability|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Àwọn ìwé rẹ̀, tí ó wà ní Braille àti ohùn ni a ti fi ránṣẹ́ sí onírúurú ilé ìtọ́jú fún àwọn afọ́jú àti àwọn aláìsàn ojú ní Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot; /&gt;

Atuegwu, nípasẹ̀ Bina Foundation, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bina Foundation moves to promote blind football to international status|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bina Foundation promotes blind Football in Africa, hosts Nigeria vs Ghana friendlies|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; tún jẹ́ olùgbèjà fún ìfàmọ́ra àwọn aláàbọ̀ ara pàápàá jùlọ fún àwọn eré ìdárayá aláàbọ̀ ara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwafor|title=Bina Foundation reaches out to Enugu para-athletics champions|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; bíi bọ́ọ̀lù afọ́jú . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Blind but not bound: Visually-impaired athletes find new vision, hope through sports}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's blind women team win exhibition game in Enugu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 2022, Atuegwu jẹ́ ara àwọn olùyọ̀ǹda ara-ẹni nínú ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù afọ́jú Star Eagles ti Nàìjíríà sí [[Morocco]] fún ìdíje International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) Blind Football African Championships tí a ṣe ní Bouznika, Morocco láti ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá sí ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's national team, Star Eagles, relish experience in Morocco|location=Lagos, Nigeria|archivedate=November 24, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's 'Star Eagles stars in 2022 IBSA Africa Blind football championship in Morocco|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's Star Eagles triumph over Côte d'Ivoire}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
Atuegwu dàgbà ní [[Ẹnúgu|Enugu]], Nàìjíríà. Ó kó lọ sí [[New Jersey]] ní ọdún 1996.  Ó ń gbé ní Washington, DC lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, pẹ̀lú ìdílé rẹ̀. 

== Àwọn ipa lórí àwọn ẹlòmíràn ==

=== Àṣà ===
Ìwé Bina Series ti Atuegwu, ìwé márùn-ún tó dá lórí ọmọkùnrin oníwà ibi kan tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ àbúrò Atuegwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt; ló mú kí wọ́n ṣe àṣà irun orí àwọn ọmọdé àti ọ̀dọ́langba ní Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n mọ̀ sí ''Bina Haircut'' ní àwọn ọdún 1990 àti 2000.  &lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt;

=== Àwọn Òǹkọ̀wé ===
Ní ọdún 2019, òǹkọ̀wé Ever Obi, òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn àròsọ, tí kò tíì pàdé Atuegwu rí ṣùgbọ́n tí ọjọ́ orí rẹ̀ gbà ní ìmísí ní ìtẹ̀jáde àkọ́kọ́, ya ìwé àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ''Men Don't Die,'' sí Atuegwu, ó sọ fún “Adaeze Atuegwu...nínú iṣẹ́ àti ìkọ̀wé ẹni tí mo rí àwọn ìrònú ìgbà èwe mi.”   &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Author Profile: Ever Obi, on Growing Up, Literature, Influences and Quotidian Engagements}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot; /&gt; 

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn ==

* 1993: Idije Àròkọ Ọjọ́ Ìlera Àgbáyé (Nigeria) &lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot; /&gt;
* 1994: Ẹ̀bùn Rotary International fún Ìṣẹ̀dá &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;
* 1995: Ẹ̀bùn Rotary International fún Ìdàgbàsókè Ọmọdé &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt;
* 1996: Ẹ̀bùn Rotary International fún Àṣeyọrí nínú Kíkọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=October 1, 2022|title=Young African Female Authors That Made History – Atuegwu, Oyeyemi, and Nkamankeng|url=https://leadership.ng/young-african-female-authors-that-made-history-atuegwu-oyeyemi-and-nkamankeng/|access-date=2022-11-23|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1996: Ẹ̀bùn Àgbáyé Rotaract fún Ìṣẹ̀dá &lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtàn ìgbésí ayé tí a yàn ==

* Fate, Enugu: Fourth Dimensions Publishers, 1994,{{ISBN|978-156-398-2}} ; Cika Publishers, 1994,{{ISBN|978-2966-84-3}}
* Omije, Enugu: B-Teks Publishers, 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978290404X&lt;/nowiki&gt;; Cika Publishers, 1994,{{ISBN|978-2966-60-6}}
* Adventures of Nnanna, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|9783352911}}
* Chalet 9, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|978-33529-0-3}}
* Iyale oko Mi, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|978-33529-3-8}}
* Ewe idán, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|978-33529-2-X}}
* Bina and the Birthday Cake: Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|978-33529-4-6|978-2904-05-8}}  
* Bina and the Sailboat, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|978-33529-8-9|978-2904-06-6}}  
* Bina at the Beach, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|978-2904-07-4}}
* Bina ni Supermarket, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|978-33529-7-0|978-2904-08-2}}  
* Bina ni Papa ọkọ ofurufu, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995,{{ISBN|978-33529-5-4|978-2904-09-0}}  
* Ọdún Àkọ́kọ́ Lizzy ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, Enugu: Àwọn Olùtẹ̀jáde Cika, 1995,{{ISBN|978-33529-9-7}}
* Ọdún Kejì Lizzy ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, Enugu: Àwọn Olùtẹ̀jáde Cika, 1995,{{ISBN|978-2966-12-6}}
* Ọdún Kẹta Lizzy ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, Enugu, Àwọn Olùtẹ̀jáde Cika, 1995

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1977]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
      <sha1>qy3hooymnw5mss6yv9flozs7dzg4hns</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Teresa Oyibo Ameh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84296</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636780</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T15:58:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354435698|Teresa Oyibo Ameh]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Teresa Oyibo Ameh|birth_name=Teresa Oyibo Ameh|image=|image_size=|caption=|birth_date=|occupation=Author&lt;br /&gt;Television Personality&lt;br /&gt;Public Servant|education=[[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]]}}


'''Teresa Oyibo Ameh''' jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ìwé àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ lórí Aunty Talatu Read Campaign.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2018-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé àti ẹ̀kọ́ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Ameh ni ọmọ akọkọ ninu idile nla kan. Ó lọ sí Yunifásítì ní [[Yunifásítì ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà|Yunifásítì ti Nàìjíríà, Nsukka]] níbi tí ó ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ilé ìkàwé àti èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/the-arts/13013-i-don-t-think-all-children-s-stories-must-have-morals-teresa-ameh|title=I don't think all children's stories must have morals —Teresa Ameh|archivedate=June 28, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Ameh ti kọ ìwé mẹ́jọ fún àwọn ọmọdé &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Abuja, Nigeria|title=I'm privileged to be in children's formative life – Ameh|author=Adamu}}&lt;/ref&gt;, àwọn ìwé wọ̀nyí sì wà lára wọn:

* ''Ìbẹ̀wò Àwọn Ìbejì''
* ''Ìyá ọkọ àti àwọn ìtàn mìíràn''
* ''Funmi Ọmọbìnrin Oníwàrere àti àwọn ìtàn mìíràn''
* ''Àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Aunty Talatu''
* ''Fi foonu yẹn silẹ''
* ''Ọmọ kan ṣoṣo náà''
* ''Ewéko tí ó ya''
* ''Àpèjẹ Ọjọ́ Òmìnira''

Ní ọdún 2017, ó ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìwé náà, ''The Torn Petal'' ní Abuja, [[Nàìjíríà]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://uchennamadu.wordpress.com/2017/07/09/unveiling-the-torn-petal/#more-543|title=Unveiling the Torn Petal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn ==
Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Òǹkọ̀wé Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ti Abuja ló fi ọlá fún Ameh nítorí àfikún rẹ̀ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/children-writers-shouldnt-be-too-preachy-in-their-story-telling-ameh/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|title=Children writers shouldn't be too preachy in their story-telling – Ameh|last=Adamu|first=Muhammed|date=December 20, 2016|access-date=May 6, 2018|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>o5zv0atdh7xfehzmafo0i0rgo4q0aqy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ọmọbìnrin Súgà</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84297</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636781</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T16:02:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356381348|Sugar Girl]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>636781</origin>
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      <text bytes="2013" sha1="d03wo3h5yhavjaz7uzys97vqh7erif1" xml:space="preserve">

{{Infobox book|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]}}Ìwé ìtàn àwọn ọmọdé tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà, Kola Onadipe, kọ ní ọdún 1964 ''''', Sugar Girl''''' .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/towards-a-vibrant-reading-culture/|title=Towards a vibrant reading culture|access-date=January 16, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn yìí dá lórí Ralia, ọmọbìnrin kan tí ìyá rẹ̀ jẹ́ afọ́jú, tí baba rẹ̀ sì ní ẹ̀yìn tó ti fọ́. Ó sọnù nínú igbó nígbà tó ń kó igi idáná, obìnrin àgbàlagbà kan tó jẹ́ oṣó sì gbà á sílé, nípa fífún un ní ibi tí yóò máa gbé, láti pààrọ̀ fún ohùn orin rẹ̀.

Ní ọjọ́ díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, Ralia sá kúrò nílé àjẹ́ náà, ọdẹ kan àti ìdílé rẹ̀ sì gbà á. Ọdẹ náà ti fi ṣe àṣìṣe pé ẹranko ni. Ralia bá ọmọbìnrin ọdẹ náà ṣọ̀rẹ́. Lọ́jọ́ kan nígbà tí wọ́n jọ ń ṣeré, ọmọ aládé kan gbá a lulẹ̀, ó sì mú un lọ sílé láti tọ́jú rẹ̀.

Lẹ́yìn tí ara Ralia ti yá, wọ́n mú un padà sílé sí abúlé rẹ̀ níbi tí ó ti tún padà sọ́dọ̀ àwọn òbí rẹ̀.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ìwé náà gbajúmọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń lò ó ní àwọn ilé ìwé alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Top 10 Nigerian books that would remind you of your childhood, make you smile (photos)|url=https://www.legit.ng/889752-top-10-nigerian-books-remind-childhood-make-smile-photos.html|access-date=July 9, 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-list-10-nigerian-classic-books-that-should-be-made-into-movies-for-children/bdv1yv1|title=10 Nigerian classic books that should be made into movies for children|access-date=February 8, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite interview|url=Ainehi Edoro}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Edoheart</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366505049|Edoheart]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Eseohe Arhebamen|other_names=Edoheart; Eseohe Arhebamen-Yamasaki|birth_name=Obehioye Eseohe Ikhianose Oghomwenyenmwen Cleopatra Anne Arhebamen|image=|caption=Eseohe Arhebamen performing as Edoheart|birth_place=Zaria, Nigeria|occupation=Poet, dancer, singer, musician, producer, performance artist, visual artist|years_active=2000–present|known_for=Founder of Edoheart; pioneer of Butoh-Vocal Theatre; experimental poetry and performance art|notable_works=''Seeding the Clouds'' (2003); ''Fire Butoh'' series (2007-2011)|style=Butoh-Vocal Theatre; experimental performance; spoken word poetry|movement=Experimental performance art, Butoh dance, spoken word|spouse=Seth Yamasaki (m. 2006)}}'''Eseohe Arhebamen''' tàbí '''Eseohe Arhebamen-Yamasaki''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Edoheart''' (tí a bí ní '''Obehioye Eseohe Ikhianose Oghomwenyenmwen Cleopatra Anne Arhebamen''' ), jẹ́ akéwì, oníjó, akọrin, olórin, olùgbéréjáde, olórin ìṣeré àti olórin àwòrán. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=29 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;      A bí Eseohe ní Zaria, Nàìjíríà&lt;ref name=&quot;TPBBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/talking_point/talking_point_programme/4556215.stm|title=What's it like to live in Africa?|work=Talking Point|publisher=BBC News|date=4 June 2005|access-date=5 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ó sì wá láti inú ìdílé ọba ti Ìjọba Benin. Ìyá-ìyá Eseohe Arhebamen (ìyá ìyá rẹ̀) ni Ọmọ-ọba obìnrin Theresa Maria Nodumwenben Osazuwa, ọmọ-ọba obìnrin láàárín àwọn ènìyàn Edo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.performance.ee/2009/eseohe%20arhebamen.htm|title=Eseohe Arhebamen|last=Paldrok|first=Al|publisher=Diverse Universe Performance Festival|date=2009|accessdate=5 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200703030157.html|title=Nigeria: Help! Wicked People Have Sold Our Farmlands, Now We Have Nothing to Live On|last=Ebegbulem|first=Simon|newspaper=Vanguard|date=3 March 2007|accessdate=2 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bàbá-bàbá-bàbá Eseohe Arhebamen, ìyẹn Osazuwa Eredia—tí í ṣe bàbá Ọmọ-ọba obìnrin Theresa Osazuwa—jẹ́ Oba N’Ugu àti Enogie ti Umoghumwun; èyí sì sọ Eseohe Arhebamen di ọmọ-ọba àti ẹni tí ó ní ẹ̀yà-ìran ọba. &quot;A ti wá ipilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ìjọba Ugu, tí olú-ìlú rẹ̀ wà ní Umoghumwun, padà sí ọ̀dọ̀ Ọmọ-ọba Idu, àkọ́bí ọmọkùnrin Oba Eweka I.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Evolution of Benin Chieftaincy Titles|location=Benin City}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Eseohe Arhebamen ni ọmọ àgbà jùlọ nínú àwọn ọmọ ìyá márùn-ún, ó sì sábà máa ń kó ipa òbí nínú ìtọ́jú wọn. Nígbà tí ìdílé Eseohe pé ọmọ ọdún méje, wọ́n ṣí lọ sí Amẹ́ríkà, wọ́n sì gbé ní [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] .  Nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàdínlógún, ó forúkọ sílẹ̀ ní Yunifásítì Michigan ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Residential College. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n rọ̀ ọ́ gidigidi láti máa lépa iṣẹ́ ìṣègùn gẹ́gẹ́ bí iṣẹ́ tó yẹ, Eseohe tẹ̀lé ìfẹ́ ọkàn rẹ̀ fún ewì, èdè àti iṣẹ́ ọnà. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tí kò tíì pé ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, Eseohe dojúkọ àwọn ọ̀nà ìkọ̀wé àti ìṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti nípa lórí ìyípadà àwùjọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/2000/apr/04-07-2000/news/03.html|title=&quot;Night&quot; march on Diag goes co-ed|last1=Brill|first1=Marta|accessdate=5 April 2010|archivedate=12 September 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nígbà tí ó wà ní Yunifásítì Michigan, Eseohe gba ẹ̀bùn ọlá fún ìkọ̀wé rẹ̀  ó sì wà lára àwọn tó gba ẹ̀bùn Anthology of Hopwood ti University of Michigan. &lt;ref name=&quot;THA&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf7kPAVRZhkC&amp;q=Eseohe+Arhebamen+hopwood+awards&amp;pg=PA207|title=The Hopwood Awards: 75 Years of Prized Writing|first1=Nicholas|last1=Delbanco|first2=Andrea|last2=Beauchamp|first3=Michael|last3=Barrett|publisher=The University of Michigan Press|year=2006|isbn=0472069268|accessdate=5 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Nígbà tí Eseohe pé ọmọ ọdún mọ́kàndínlógún, ó gba ipò gẹ́gẹ́ bí òǹkọ̀wé ní InsideOut Literary Arts ní Detroit, [[Michigan]], ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọdé ní àwọn ilé ìwé tí wọ́n wà ní àárín ìlú láti mú kí ìmọ̀ ìwé wọn pọ̀ sí i. Lẹ́yìn tí ó kó lọ sí New York ní ọdún 2003, Eseohe dá ilé-iṣẹ́ EdoHeart tí a tún kọ sí Edoheart sílẹ̀, èyí sì di orúkọ ìṣeré rẹ̀. Eseohe Arhebamen ni a ń pè ní Edoheart.

Eseohe gba oye Ìwé Ẹ̀rí Bachelor of Arts lati Yunifasiti Michigan ni Creative Writing and Literature ni Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdun 2005, o si tun gba oye Bachelor of Arts ni Studio Art pẹlu ọmọ kekere ni ede Gẹẹsi lati Hunter College . Ó tún kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ jáde ní Yunifásítì New York pẹ̀lú oyè Master nínú Ẹ̀kọ́ Ìṣe, èyí tí a ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àyọkà láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa iṣẹ́ ọnà ìṣe, ìmọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá ènìyàn àti ìmọ̀ nípa àwùjọ, ìmọ̀ nípa ìwé, àti ẹ̀kọ́ òfin. Eseohe tun ṣe ikẹkọ ni itara lori ijó Butoh pẹlu Yukio Waguri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=12 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ibi tí ó wù mí nínú iṣẹ́ ìdánwò Eseohe Arhebamen ni ìṣẹ̀dá àwọn àyíká mìíràn tí a lè fojú rí, àti [[ewì]] àti ìró ohùn gẹ́gẹ́ bí orísun ìṣíkiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=12 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ti ṣe iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ àti kíkọ́ni tàbí kí ó darí àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀ka wọ̀nyí ní The Living Theatre àti Yunifásítì Columbia 's Teacher's College.   Eseohe Arhebamen ti farahàn lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n Korea àti Amẹ́ríkà àti ìròyìn, àti nínú àwọn ìwé ìròyìn Amẹ́ríkà, Estonia àti Latvia.    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.salon.com/news/letters/2005/09/01/katrina_letters/index.html|title=Letters|date=1 September 2005|accessdate=5 April 2010|archivedate=14 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=6 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 2011, ayàwòrán Kalup Linzy yàn án láti fara hàn nínú ìwé ìtàn nípa àwọn ayàwòrán ní ìlú New York. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kalup-linzy/and-then-there-were-five_b_1325724.html|title=Kalup Linzy: And Then There Were Five....|date=8 March 2012|accessdate=5 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=13 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eseohe Arhebamen tún farahàn nínú fídíò kan tí a fi kún àwọn ìwé tí akéwì Anne Waldman tí a mọ̀ sí akéwì pàtàkì tí Yunifásítì Michigan rà. 

== Ilé ìṣeré ohùn Butoh ==
Eseohe Arhebamen ni akọrin butoh ọmọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà àkọ́kọ́ tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ àti ọmọ ìbílẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;SPalms&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=25 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní àfikún, Eseohe Arhebamen ni òṣèré àkọ́kọ́ tó so ijó butoh pọ̀ mọ́ orin, sísọ̀rọ̀, mudra, èdè àwọn àmì-orí, ọ̀rọ̀ sísọ, àti ìṣàyẹ̀wò orin gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà ìjó ìbílẹ̀ àwọn [[Ìran Ẹdó|ará Edo]] ní Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn [[Áfríkà|Áfíríkà]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;SPalms&quot; /&gt; Ó pe àṣà ijó yìí ní Butoh-Vocal Theatre. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=15 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àṣà eré Butoh-Vocal Theatre ti Eseohe Arhebamen wá láti inú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú [[ewì]], orin àti eré ìtàgé ìbílẹ̀ Edo níbi tí àwọn òṣèré ti ń jó tí wọ́n sì ń kọrin ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbàgbọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìtàn èdè kan náà láàrín àwọn ènìyàn Edo ti Nàìjíríà àti àwọn ará Japan sì ní ipa lórí rẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;SPalms&quot; /&gt; Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2010, Eseohe ṣe ìṣeré kan ní ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ [[Yukio Waguri]] kan tó lágbára, tó ń ṣe àfihàn irú eré Butoh-Vocal Theatre tó ń ṣe nígbà tó ń jó butoh nígbà tó ń kọrin Pure Imagination láti ọ̀dọ̀ Willy Wonka &amp;amp;amp; the Chocolate Factory .

Kaarel Kressa ṣapejuwe iṣe pataki ti Eseohe ṣe lakoko irin-ajo 'Fifth Diverse Universe' gẹgẹbi eyi ti o ṣe afihan ẹwa ati iwa obinrin ti o jẹ ti ara; pẹlu ewi, ijó, ati orin ti o gba ọkan awọn oluwo.[1] A tun ti pe awọn iṣe Eseohe ni &quot;iṣe aṣa ti o ni agbara nla.&quot; 

== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
Ní ọdún 2006, Eseohe fẹ́ Seth Yamasaki, ọmọ olùyàwòrán tó gba ẹ̀bùn Pulitzer , Taro Yamasaki, àti ọmọ ọmọ Minoru Yamasaki, ayàwòrán ará Japan-Amẹ́ríkà tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ fún ṣíṣe àwòrán ilé ìtajà àgbáyé . Wọ́n ní ọmọbìnrin kan.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1981]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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    <title>Jacob Egharevba</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352621119|Jacob Egharevba]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6797" sha1="l59f6ar1lh38krzebn5i7i0yipx70r7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Jacob Uwadiae Egharevba|image=Jacob Egharevba.jpg|birth_date=1893|birth_place=[[Idanre]]|death_date=1980|death_place=[[Benin City]]|citizenship=Nigerian|known_for=Benin history|notable_works=A Short History of Benin, Pioneer curator, Benin  Royal Museum}}Olórí '''Jacob Uwadiae Egharevba''' MBE (1893–1980) Ó jẹ́ òpìtàn àti olórí ìbílẹ̀ ti ilẹ̀ Bini, ẹni tí àwọn ìwé rẹ̀ dá lórí ìtàn Ìjọba Benin. {{Sfn|Falola|Usuanlele|1994}}

== Ìgbésí ayé ==

=== Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ===
A bi Egharevba ni Idanre, Ipinle Ondo,[2] Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ìbátan Ohenmwen, Iyase ti Benin ati iya rẹ̀, Okunzuwa, jẹ́ ọmọ-ọmọ Ogie Ezomo I{{Sfn|Egharevba|1968}} Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ oníṣòwò ṣùgbọ́n ó kú ní ọdún 1902. {{Sfn|Egharevba|1968}} Egharevba lo apakan igba ewe re ni ile anti re ni Idanre. Ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ kò gùn rárá, ó sì ṣe déédéé, ó lo ọdún kan ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ St James' CMS, ní ìlú Ìbàdàn ní ọdún 1899, lẹ́yìn náà ó lo àkókò díẹ̀ níbi tí kò ti lọ sílé ìwé mọ́. Ó padà sí ẹ̀kọ́ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ St David, [[Àkúrẹ́|Akure]] ní ọdún 1911 kí ó tó kó lọ sí St. Mathews, Benin. Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọmọdé, ó ṣiṣẹ́ fún ìgbà díẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùrànlọ́wọ́ lórí àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí wọ́n ń gbé àwọn ẹrù tí wọ́n ń tà láàárín Ẹ̀ka Benin àti àwọn ìlú tí ó wà nítòsí. {{Sfn|Egharevba|1968}} Lẹ́yìn tí Egharevba parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ díẹ̀ tí owó wọn kò pọ̀. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀wé owó omi ní Benin {{Sfn|''Spear''|1968}} ṣùgbọ́n ó fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1917 láti ṣiṣẹ́ fún Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Gbogbogbò. Ní ọdún 1922, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ta ọjà ní Benin àti Sapele . Ní àsìkò yìí, ó sún mọ́ ìdílé Oba Akenzua II . {{Sfn|Egharevba|1968}} Ìbádọ́rẹ̀ẹ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìdílé ọba jẹ́ kí ó lè rí àwọn onímọ̀ nípa ìtàn ẹnu Benin. {{Sfn|Falola|Usuanlele|1994}}

=== Iṣẹ́ ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ===
Ní ọdún 1921, Egharevba kọ àkọsílẹ̀ ìwé àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ''Ekhere vb Itan Edo'' tí a mọ̀ sí ''Ìtàn Kúkúrú ti Benin'' lẹ́yìn náà. {{Sfn|Egharevba|1968}} Ìwé náà ni CMS Press tẹ̀ jáde ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1933 {{Sfn|Falola|Usuanlele|1994}}, ó sì ṣe àṣeyọrí púpọ̀. Àwọn ìwé mẹ́rin àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ wà ní [[Èdè Ẹdó|èdè Edo]], ṣùgbọ́n ó yí padà sí èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ọdún 1934 nítorí lílò rẹ̀ káàkiri àti ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìfẹ́ àwọn oníṣòwò. {{Sfn|Falola|Usuanlele|1994}} Ó tẹ̀lé ìwé àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ''Benin Law and Custom'', tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1934. Ìmọ̀ Egharevba nípa ìtàn, òfin àti àṣà Benin ni wọ́n lò nínú ẹjọ́ Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àbínibí níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdámọ̀ràn lórí àṣà Benin. Yàtọ̀ sí kíkọ ìwé, ó fi àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ ránṣẹ́ sí àwọn ìwé ìròyìn, ó sì kọ àwọn ẹ̀bẹ̀ sí ìjọba amúnisìn. Ní ọdún 1934, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ẹ̀rọ ìtẹ̀wé ní Benin.

Wọn yan Egharevba gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùtọ́jú Ilé-ìkópamọ́-ohun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé ti Benin ní ọdún 1946. Nígbà tí ó wà ní ipò yìí, ó tún jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé tí ó ní iṣẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́, níwọ̀n bí ó ti kọ ìwé mẹ́tàdínlọ́gbọ̀n (28) kí ọdún 1973 tó dé.{{sfn|''Spear''|1968}}Ní ọdún 1973, wọ́n tẹ̀ mẹ́tàlá nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ jáde ní ìwé méjì.

== Àwọn Iṣẹ́ ==
Iṣẹ́ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ lára ​​àwọn iṣẹ́ Egharevba ni *A Short History of Benin*. Wọ́n ti tẹ̀ ẹ́ ní onírúurú àtúnṣe, àti pé àwọn ìyàtọ̀ pàtàkì wà nínú àwọn ìpínrọ̀ kan láàrin àwọn àtúnṣe wọ̀nyí. Àwọn ìwé rẹ̀, tí ó ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ìtàn ẹnu àti àṣà ilẹ̀ Benin'''{{sfn|Falola|Usuanlele|1994|p=316}}''', kan onírúurú ẹ̀ka ìmọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ohun pàtàkì tí wọ́n dá lé lórí ni àwọn ọ̀rọ̀, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tàbí ètò àwùjọ, àṣà, àti àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì nínú ìtàn Benin.{{sfn|Falola|Usuanlele|1994|p=315}}Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìwé rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́, láàrin ọdún 1934 sí 1948, dá lórí ṣíṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ìtàn ẹnu, àròsọ àtijọ́, àti àwọn àṣà láti lè gbin ìwà rere sínú àwọn ọ̀dọ́. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi àwọn àlàyé nípa àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àti àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì ti àkókò tirẹ̀ nínú ìtàn Benin kún àwọn ìwé rẹ̀.{{sfn|Falola|Usuanlele|1994|p=315}}Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn ohun-ìkọ̀wé kan máa ń tún ohun tí ó ti kọ tẹ́lẹ̀ sọ lórí-lé-lórí.

=== Àwọn ìwé tí a yàn ===

* Ìtàn Kúkúrú ti Benin.
* Òfin àti Àṣà Benin.
* Ìgbésí ayé kúkúrú ti àwọn Iyases olókìkí ti Benin.
* Ipaniyan Imaguero ati ajalu Ogun Idah
* Awọn ere ati ere idaraya Benin
* Urod d'Agbon
* Ìhun-an Edo vb'Obo
* Àwọn Ìtàn Díẹ̀ Nípa Orílẹ̀-èdè Benin Ìgbàanì
* Àwọn òrìṣà ẹ̀yà kan ní Gúúsù Nàìjíríà
* Òtúmọ̀-Ozedu
* Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè Benin
* Àwọn Àkọlé Bini
* Amazevbo Omwan Tawiri
* Ìtàn Kúkúrú nípa Ìgbésí Ayé Gauis Obaseki
* Ìgbéyàwó àwọn ọmọ-ọba Benin
* Ere Ede vb'Obo
* Ominigbon vb'Obo
* Àkọsílẹ̀ Àwọn Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ní Benin
* Ìdàpọ̀ Àwọn Ẹ̀yà
* Àwọn ènìyàn Bini pàtàkì kan
* Ìdílé Egharevba
* Ìtàn Àkójọpọ̀ Kúkúrú
* Àkójọ àlàyé ti Ilé Àkójọ Ohun Ìṣẹ̀m̀báyé Benin
* Ìtàn Ìgbésí Ayé Kúkúrú ti Evian
* Itan Edagbon Mwen
* Okhuaihe ti Ikhuen
* Ake ti Isi

== Wo tun ==

* [[Ìwé ìkọ̀wé Edo]]

== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Àwọn Orísun ==

*  
* {{Cite journal|last1=Eisenhofer|first1=Stefan|year=1995|title=The Origins of the Benin Kingship in the Works of Jacob Egharevba|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Egharevba|first1=Jacob|title=Brief Autobiography|location=Benin city|publisher=Benin Museum in Komm}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Falola|first1=Toyin|last2=Usuanlele|first2=Uyilawa|title=The Scholarship of Jacob Egharevba of Benin}}
{{authority control}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1981]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1893]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>l59f6ar1lh38krzebn5i7i0yipx70r7</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Benson Idahosa</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T16:29:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347496285|Benson Idahosa]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder|office=[[Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria#Past presidents|3rd]] [[Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria|President of PFN]]|term_start=1995|term_end=1998|predecessor=[[Enoch Adeboye]]|successor=Mike Okonkwo|name=Benson Idahosa|birth_name=Benson Andrew Idahosa|honorific_prefix=[[Archbishop]]|image=BensonIdahosa.jpg|caption=Idahosa in 1997|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1938|09|11}}|birth_place=[[Benin City]], [[Edo State|Edo]], Nigeria|death_date={{Death date and age|1998|03|12|1938|09|11|df=yes}}|death_place=[[Benin City]], Nigeria|spouse=Archbishop [[Margaret Idahosa]]|children=3 sons, 5 daughters (4 being biological and 4 adopted)|occupation=[[Televangelist]], [[author]], [[pastor]]|resting_place=[[Benin City]], [[Nigeria]]}}

'''Benson Andrew Idahosa''' ((Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, ọdún 1938 – Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1998) jẹ́ oníwàásù ti ẹ̀ka ìjọ Pentecostal tí ó tẹnu mọ́ iṣẹ́ Ẹ̀mí Mímọ́ (Charismatic). Òun ló dá Ìjọ &quot;Church of God Mission International&quot; sílẹ̀. Wọ́n sábà máa ń pe Archbishop Benson Idahosa ní baba ìjọ Pentecostal ní Nàìjíríà. Idahosa ni oludasile Benson Idahosa University (BIU) ni [[Ìlú Benin|Ilu Benin]], Ipinle Edo, Nigeria.  Ọmọkùnrin kan ṣoṣo rẹ̀, Bishop FEB Idahosa, ni ààrẹ BIU báyìí, olùdásílẹ̀ àti ààrẹ ilé ìwòsàn àwọn ọmọdé Big Ben, àti igbákejì ààrẹ All Nations for Christ Bible Institute International, àti àwọn ipò mìíràn. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

== Ìtàn ìgbésí ayé ==
Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1968, Idahosa ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ Church of God Mission International, èyí tí ó ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ẹgbẹ́ àdúrà kékeré”.  Ẹ̀sùn tí Idahosa sọ pé òun jí ènìyàn mẹ́jọ dìde kúrò nínú òkú ni wọ́n kọ̀ nígbà tí Àjọ Ìpolówó Àwọn Ọ̀ràn Ìpolówó tako, wọ́n sì wá ẹ̀rí pé àwọn ẹni tí ọ̀ràn kàn ti kú. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sects, power and miracles in the Bible belt of Essex|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2000/dec/31/otherparties.uk?INTCMP=SRCH|date=31 December 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n yàn án sí iṣẹ́ ìránṣẹ́ ní ọdún 1971 láti ọwọ́ Pa Elton àti James Gordon Lindsey .  Wọ́n yan án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù ní ọdún 1981,  ó sì yan àwọn mìíràn, títí kan [[David Oyedepo|Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù David Oyedepo]] ti Living Faith Church Worldwide ní ọdún 1989. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Idahosa kú ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹta ọdún 1998.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aya rẹ̀, Margaret Idahosa àti àwọn ọmọ mẹ́rin ló fi sílẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn náà ni ìyàwó rẹ̀ gba ipò Àgbà ti Ìjọ Ọlọ́run Mission International (CGMI), iṣẹ́ ìsìn Kristẹni tí ó dá sílẹ̀, òun náà sì ni Alakoso Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Yunifásítì Benson Idahosa .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1998]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1938]]</text>
      <sha1>or91to8zmdtcb088tcnhys70jtour1l</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Sunny Obazu-Ojeagbase</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84301</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636792</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T16:33:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372543407|Sunny Obazu-Ojeagbase]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Sunny Obazu-Ojeagbase|image=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date|1950|12|31|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Osogbo]], [[Osun State]], [[Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria|Nigeria]]|death_date={{death date and age|2022|02|26|1950|12|31|df=y}}|death_place=[[Atlanta, Georgia]], U.S.|other_names=|education=[[University of Lagos]]|occupation={{flat list |
* Author
* business mogul
* pastor
}}|years_active=1976–2022|known_for=Founder of ''[[Complete Sports]]''|notable_works=}}'''Sunny Obazu-Ojeagbase''' (Ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1950 – ọjọ́ kẹ́rìndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kejì ọdún 2022) ni ẹni àkọ́kọ́ tó gbé ìròyìn eré ìdárayá jáde ní [[Nàìjíríà]], ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ̀wé pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn Sports Souvenir ní ọdún 1984.  Ó jẹ́ olùkọ́ni ìṣòwò, òǹkọ̀wé, pásítọ̀ àti olùtẹ̀wé. Òun ni olùdásílẹ̀ Complete Communications Limited, ilé-iṣẹ́ kan tí ó ní ìwé ìròyìn ''[[Complete Sports]]'', ó sì tún dá ìwé ìròyìn méjì mìíràn sílẹ̀, tí wọ́n ti parẹ́ báyìí, ''Climax Magazine'' àti ''International Soccer Review'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé àti ẹ̀kọ́ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
A bí Obazu-Ojeagbase sí àwọn òbí tí wọ́n wá láti Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo ní ìlú Osogbo, ní agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ kan ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Osun; níbẹ̀ ló ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní ilé-ìwé Alakọbẹrẹ St. James, Osogbo ní ọdún 1962. Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-ṣiṣẹ́ ní iṣẹ́ títẹ̀wé, ó tẹ̀síwájú láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ Ẹ̀ka-iṣẹ́ Ọmọ-ogun Nàìjíríà. Ó tún ní ìwé-ẹ̀rí Diploma nínú ìmọ̀ ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ gbogbo-gbòò (Mass Communication) láti Yunifásítì ti Èkó (Yunifásítì ti Èkó). 

== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Obazu-Ojeagbase ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Akọ̀ròyìn|oníròyìn]] eré ìdárayá fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn bíi ''Herald Newspaper'', ''[[Daily Times]]'', Concord Group of Newspapers àti ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'' . Ní ọdún 1983, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ìwé ìròyìn eré ìdárayá kan jáde lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀ tí a pè ní ''Sports Souvenir'' lẹ́yìn tí ó fi iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí oníròyìn fún ''ìwé ìròyìn The Guardian'', ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti tẹ̀wé ''Complete Football'' pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn eré ìdárayá àkọ́kọ́ ní Nàìjíríà nígbà tí ìwé ìròyìn kejì di ìwé ìròyìn bọ́ọ̀lù aláwọ̀ gbogbo ní Nàìjíríà àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ń jáde lóṣooṣù. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=4 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ọdún 1995, ó tẹ̀ ìwé ìròyìn ''[[Complete Sports]]'' jáde, ìwé ìròyìn eré ìdárayá ojoojúmọ́ àti ''ìwé ìròyìn Success Digest'', ìwé ìtọ́sọ́nà ìdásílẹ̀ ìṣòwò, èyí tí ó ti di ọ̀kan lára [[Ìwé Ìròyìn|àwọn ìwé ìròyìn]] àti ìwé ìròyìn tí a ń kà jùlọ ní [[Nàìjíríà]] . 

== Ìgbésí ayé àti ikú ara ẹni ==
Obazu-Ojeagbase [[Ikú|kú]] ní [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]], ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kejì ọdún 2022, nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún mọ́kànléláàádọ́rin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|archivedate=2 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtẹ̀jáde ==
Díẹ̀ lára àwọn iṣẹ́ tí Sunny Obazu-Ojeagbase tẹ̀ jáde ni:

* ''Bó o ṣe le ṣe é ní Nàìjíríà – Kíkọ́ Ọrọ̀ Rẹ láti Ilẹ̀ Ilẹ̀ sí I''
* ''Bí a ṣe lè fi ìbọn mú ara wa kúrò nínú òṣì, àwọn èrò – ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ gbogbo ọrọ̀ tòótọ́''

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2022]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1950]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>3026m3tto1bq2nzv3wgb01okqqtlsl5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Sarah Jibril</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84302</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T16:37:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ṣé ẹ̀dá ojú ewé tuntun</comment>
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      <text bytes="3050" sha1="4lw9dt2ldkgvqh8aej197c34kbebaup" xml:space="preserve">'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ Goodluck Jonathan lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà. 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn. Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ó pàdánù fún Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà. Lẹ́yìn tí ó pàdánù fún Ààrẹ Goodluck Jonathan nípa gbígba ìbò kan ṣoṣo, Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà (Special Adviser on Ethics and Values). Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>636804</id>
      <parentid>636795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T17:27:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Àfikún ìtọ́kasí</comment>
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      <text bytes="3359" sha1="7ydnz91n6zj6ry0jisfko02bb7s3zom" xml:space="preserve">'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ Goodluck Jonathan lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn. Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ó pàdánù fún Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà. Lẹ́yìn tí ó pàdánù fún Ààrẹ Goodluck Jonathan nípa gbígba ìbò kan ṣoṣo, Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà (Special Adviser on Ethics and Values). Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.</text>
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      <text bytes="3363" sha1="8vfqe4mlpfo7ae0gzveolaqq0s1tt63" xml:space="preserve">'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn. Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ó pàdánù fún Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà. Lẹ́yìn tí ó pàdánù fún Ààrẹ Goodluck Jonathan nípa gbígba ìbò kan ṣoṣo, Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà (Special Adviser on Ethics and Values). Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.</text>
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      <text bytes="3392" sha1="346cwnb9d75qy785w9xad1yfbg92i2r" xml:space="preserve">'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn. Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ó pàdánù fún Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà. Lẹ́yìn tí ó pàdánù fún Ààrẹ Goodluck Jonathan nípa gbígba ìbò kan ṣoṣo, Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà (Special Adviser on Ethics and Values). Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3573" sha1="ntchr6p5uonoxbf6dxppv0bk452vxdc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Sarah Jibril|image=Sarah Jibril.jpg|education=Queen Elizabeth Secondary School|alma mater=Senior Staff College
Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; University}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn. Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ó pàdánù fún Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà. Lẹ́yìn tí ó pàdánù fún Ààrẹ Goodluck Jonathan nípa gbígba ìbò kan ṣoṣo, Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà (Special Adviser on Ethics and Values). Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
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      <text bytes="3561" sha1="ee43pkxtipd8dez43vpczrpp0igr5rj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Sarah Jibril|image=Sarah Jibril.jpg|education=Queen Elizabeth Secondary School|alma mater=Senior Staff College
Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; University}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn. Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ko jawe olúborí, ti Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ si di ààrẹ ni odun na. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà, ti Goodluck Jonathan jawe olubori ni odun na. Jibril gba ìbò kan ṣoṣo ninu idibo na. Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà. Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
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Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó]]}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn. Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ko jawe olúborí, ti Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ si di ààrẹ ni odun na. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà, ti Goodluck Jonathan jawe olubori ni odun na. Jibril gba ìbò kan ṣoṣo ninu idibo na. Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà. Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
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Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó]]}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn.&lt;ref name=&quot;b733&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Daily | first=Peoples | title=Sarah Jibril: Unveiling the amazing world of 'Madam Ethics' | website=weekend.peoplesdailyng.com | date=2013-10-26 | url=http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028224930/http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-date=2013-10-28 | url-status= | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ko jawe olúborí, ti Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ si di ààrẹ ni odun na. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà, ti Goodluck Jonathan jawe olubori ni odun na. Jibril gba ìbò kan ṣoṣo ninu idibo na. Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà. Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
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        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
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      <text bytes="4468" sha1="7z04swk0ek12r2n3p6x4j1rckpd4hpa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Sarah Jibril|image=Sarah Jibril.jpg|education=Queen Elizabeth Secondary School|alma mater=Senior Staff College
Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó]]}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;p315&quot;&gt;{{cite | last=Ogba | first=Onyekachi | title=National Assembly Library Welcomes Women's Leadership Icon Dr. Sarah Jibril | date=2025-10-23 | url=https://naltf.gov.ng/national-assembly-library-welcomes-womens-leadership-icon-dr-sarah-jibril/ | language=en-US | access-date=2026-09-15 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn.&lt;ref name=&quot;b733&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Daily | first=Peoples | title=Sarah Jibril: Unveiling the amazing world of 'Madam Ethics' | website=weekend.peoplesdailyng.com | date=2013-10-26 | url=http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028224930/http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-date=2013-10-28 | url-status= | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ko jawe olúborí, ti Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ si di ààrẹ ni odun na. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà, ti Goodluck Jonathan jawe olubori ni odun na. Jibril gba ìbò kan ṣoṣo ninu idibo na. Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà. Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="4463" sha1="924nruppz77hvrq35islnsoec2taolp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Sarah Jibril|image=Sarah Jibril.jpg|education=Queen Elizabeth Secondary School|alma mater=Senior Staff College
Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó]]}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;p315&quot;&gt;{{cite | last=Ogba | first=Onyekachi | title=National Assembly Library Welcomes Women's Leadership Icon Dr. Sarah Jibril | date=2025-10-23 | url=https://naltf.gov.ng/national-assembly-library-welcomes-womens-leadership-icon-dr-sarah-jibril/ | language= | access-date=2026-09-15 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn.&lt;ref name=&quot;b733&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Daily | first=Peoples | title=Sarah Jibril: Unveiling the amazing world of 'Madam Ethics' | website=weekend.peoplesdailyng.com | date=2013-10-26 | url=http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028224930/http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-date=2013-10-28 | url-status= | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ko jawe olúborí, ti Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ si di ààrẹ ni odun na. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà, ti Goodluck Jonathan jawe olubori ni odun na. Jibril gba ìbò kan ṣoṣo ninu idibo na. Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà. Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
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      <text bytes="4699" sha1="mc724t1019ugookhp94648ensd9c7a8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Sarah Jibril|image=Sarah Jibril.jpg|education=Queen Elizabeth Secondary School|alma mater=Senior Staff College
Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó]]}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;p315&quot;&gt;{{cite | last=Ogba | first=Onyekachi | title=National Assembly Library Welcomes Women's Leadership Icon Dr. Sarah Jibril | date=2025-10-23 | url=https://naltf.gov.ng/national-assembly-library-welcomes-womens-leadership-icon-dr-sarah-jibril/ | language= | access-date=2026-09-15 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn.&lt;ref name=&quot;b733&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Daily | first=Peoples | title=Sarah Jibril: Unveiling the amazing world of 'Madam Ethics' | website=weekend.peoplesdailyng.com | date=2013-10-26 | url=http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028224930/http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-date=2013-10-28 | url-status= | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ko jawe olúborí, ti Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ si di ààrẹ ni odun na. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà, ti Goodluck Jonathan jawe olubori ni odun na. Jibril gba ìbò kan ṣoṣo ninu idibo na.&lt;ref name=&quot;s736&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Why Nigeria's women get a 50% election discount | publisher=BBC News | date=2018-09-08 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45450399 | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà. Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
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      <text bytes="4949" sha1="sufhlfuy91865s0rbsicsdry6zudcdu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Sarah Jibril|image=Sarah Jibril.jpg|education=Queen Elizabeth Secondary School|alma mater=Senior Staff College
Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó]]}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;p315&quot;&gt;{{cite | last=Ogba | first=Onyekachi | title=National Assembly Library Welcomes Women's Leadership Icon Dr. Sarah Jibril | date=2025-10-23 | url=https://naltf.gov.ng/national-assembly-library-welcomes-womens-leadership-icon-dr-sarah-jibril/ | language= | access-date=2026-09-15 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn.&lt;ref name=&quot;b733&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Daily | first=Peoples | title=Sarah Jibril: Unveiling the amazing world of 'Madam Ethics' | website=weekend.peoplesdailyng.com | date=2013-10-26 | url=http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028224930/http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-date=2013-10-28 | url-status= | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ko jawe olúborí, ti Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ si di ààrẹ ni odun na. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.&lt;ref name=&quot;n199&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Reasons I decided not to join big parties again | website=The Sun Nigeria | date=2019-01-13 | url=https://thesun.ng/reasons-i-decided-not-to-join-big-parties-again-sarah-jubril/?amp | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà, ti Goodluck Jonathan jawe olubori ni odun na. Jibril gba ìbò kan ṣoṣo ninu idibo na.&lt;ref name=&quot;s736&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Why Nigeria's women get a 50% election discount | publisher=BBC News | date=2018-09-08 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45450399 | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà. Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
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      <text bytes="5029" sha1="dd3u030id67uuz3pqm8gsdrj3tera1z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Sarah Jibril|image=Sarah Jibril.jpg|education=Queen Elizabeth Secondary School|alma mater=Senior Staff College
Dartford College of Education &lt;br&gt; [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó]]}}
'''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (tí a bí ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ àti ìwà ènìyàn, olùgbélárugẹ àwọn ìwà rere, àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn aláìní. A mọ̀ ọ́ fún ipa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] lórí ìwà rere àti àṣà, àti fún ìjàfáfá rẹ̀ nínú ìgbéga àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé ní Nàìjíríà.&lt;ref name=&quot;l639&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ex-presidential candidate, Sarah Jibril, condemns immoral acts among leaders | website=Vanguard News | date=2024-11-21 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/ex-presidential-candidate-sarah-jibril-condemns-immoral-acts-among-leaders/amp/ | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jibril ni obìnrin àkọkọ́ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé àti ìdíje gbogbogbòò, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mẹ́rin ọtọ̀tọ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;p315&quot;&gt;{{cite | last=Ogba | first=Onyekachi | title=National Assembly Library Welcomes Women's Leadership Icon Dr. Sarah Jibril | date=2025-10-23 | url=https://naltf.gov.ng/national-assembly-library-welcomes-womens-leadership-icon-dr-sarah-jibril/ | language= | access-date=2026-09-15 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ìgbésí Ayé Ibẹ̀rẹ̀ àti Ẹ̀kọ́==
A bí Sarah Nnadzwa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1945, ṣáájú kí Nàìjíríà tó gba òmìnira. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Nupe láti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Pategi ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara.
Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé gírámà Queen Elizabeth School, ní Ilorin, níbi tí ó ti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bíi bọ̀ọ̀lu alápẹ̀rẹ̀ àti òpòlopò àwọn eré ìdárayá míràn.&lt;ref name=&quot;b733&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Daily | first=Peoples | title=Sarah Jibril: Unveiling the amazing world of 'Madam Ethics' | website=weekend.peoplesdailyng.com | date=2013-10-26 | url=http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028224930/http://www.weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/womanhood/772-sarah-jibril-unveiling-the-amazing-world-of-madam-ethics | archive-date=2013-10-28 | url-status= | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nígbà ewe rẹ̀, ó fẹ́ di dókítà ìṣègùn, ṣùgbọ́n èyí yí padà lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ lọ sí Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ ìkọ́ni. Lẹ́yìn ìpadàbọ̀ rẹ̀ sí Nàìjíríà, ó di olùkọ́ni ní Advanced Teacher's College, ní Kano. Ó tún gba oyè àkọkọ́ nínú ìmọ̀ eré ìdárayá láti Senior Staff College ní Kansas City, ó sì tún ní oyè kejì nínú ìmọ̀ ọpọlọ ẹ̀kọ́ ní Fásitì Ìlú Èkó. Jibril lè sọ èdè Nupe, Hausa, Yorùbá, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì daradara.

==Iṣẹ́ Òṣèlú==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí òṣèlú bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1983 nígbà tí ó díje fún ipò sẹnétọ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara. Ní ọdún 1992, ó díje fún ipò Ààrẹ lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú Social Democratic Party (SDP), níbi tí ó ti gba ipò kẹrin nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé.
Ó tún díje fún ipò ààrẹ ní ọdún 1998 lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ People's Democratic Party (PDP) ṣùgbọ́n ko jawe olúborí, ti Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ si di ààrẹ ni odun na. Ní ọdún 2003, ó lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ Progressive Action Congress láti di obìnrin àkọkọ́ tí ó dúró fún ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó wọ̀ lẹ́gbẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdíje ààrẹ.&lt;ref name=&quot;n199&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Reasons I decided not to join big parties again | website=The Sun Nigeria | date=2019-01-13 | url=https://thesun.ng/reasons-i-decided-not-to-join-big-parties-again-sarah-jubril/?amp | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Nínú ìdíje abẹ́lé ti PDP ní ọdún 2011, Jibril ni obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí ó díje fún ipò náà, ti Goodluck Jonathan jawe olubori ni odun na. Jibril gba ìbò kan ṣoṣo ninu idibo na.&lt;ref name=&quot;s736&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Why Nigeria's women get a 50% election discount | publisher=BBC News | date=2018-09-08 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45450399 | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ààrẹ Jonathan yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùdámọ̀ràn Pàtàkì fún Ààrẹ lórí Ìwà Rere àti Àṣà. Nínú ipò yìí, ó tiraka fún mímú ìwà rere àti ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ àṣà tí yóò dín ìwà ibaje kù ní Nàìjíríà.

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ará Nàìjíríà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]</text>
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    <title>Nekpen Obasogie</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374695254|Nekpen Obasogie]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|honorific_prefix=|name=Nekpen Obasogie|honorific_suffix=|image=Nekpen Obasogie.png|caption=|other_names=|birth_name=|birth_date=|birth_place=Nigeria|monuments=|education=Master's Degree|alma_mater=[[York University]], Canada|occupation=Writer|years_active=|employer=|organization=|known_for=|notable_works=Great Benin: The Alcazar of Post-Colonial Culture|style=|television=|partner=|children=|parents=|relatives=|awards=Honorary Pen Award|website=}}

 
'''Nekpen Obasogie''' jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀- èdè Nàìjíríà tó ń gbé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Kánádà. Òun ni ó kọ ìwé ''Great Benin: Ile-odi ti Àṣà Lẹ́yìn Àkókò Ìṣàkóso Àwọn Àlejò''. Ní ọdún 2022, ó gba ẹ̀bùn Pen fún àwọn àfikún rẹ̀ sí ìgbéga àṣà [[Ìlú Benin|Benin]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-03-16|title=Edo ANA honours Canada-based Nigerian writer for promoting Benin culture|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/edo-ana-honours-canada-based-nigerian-writer-for-promoting-benin-culture/|accessdate=2022-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ní ọdún 2022, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ayẹyẹ ọdọọdún Edo Èdè Àgbáyé, èyí tí í ṣe ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹjọ ní gbogbo ọdún. Ó jẹ́ olùdíje ìgbìmọ̀ fún ìdìbò ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ ní York South-Weston ward ní Toronto, Canada.

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
A bi Nekpen Obasogie ni [[Ìlú Benin|ilu Benin]], olu ilu Ipinle [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Edo|Edo]] ni Nigeria. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kó lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè Kánádà níbi tí ó ń gbé báyìí.

== Iṣẹ́ ==
Ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí Ìtàn àti àṣà Benin ti mú kí ó ṣe àwọn ìwé onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀kọ́ náà. Àwọn ìwé rẹ̀ tí àkọlé wọn jẹ́ ''Benin Warriors àti British Colonial Rule ní Nàìjíríà'' àti ''Great Benin:'' Ile-odi ti Àṣà Lẹ́yìn Àkókò Ìṣàkóso Àwọn Aṣẹ́gun-ilẹ̀-òkè-òkun.  Òun ni CEO ti NEBO TV Canada. Ní ọdún 2022, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ayẹyẹ ọdọọdún Edo Èdè Àgbáyé, èyí tí í ṣe ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹjọ ní gbogbo ọdún. Nekpen tún ni olùdásílẹ̀ àti olùdarí Ìgbìmọ̀ Kánádà fún Àwọn Iṣẹ́ Ìtìlẹ́yìn Ìdílé ní Toronto. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olùrànlọ́wọ́ Akọ̀wé fún Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Ará Kánádà ti Nàìjíríà ní Toronto (NCA) láti ọdún 2021 sí 2023.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2023-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ń díje fún ìgbìmọ̀ ìlú Toronto ní ọdún 2026 fún Agbègbè ìdìbò York South-Weston.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ̀wé ará Nàìjíríà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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    <title>Awele Maduemezia</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354923547|Awele Maduemezia]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Awele Maduemezia|image=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=Awele Maduemezia|birth_date=7 August 1934|birth_place=[[Bukuru]], [[Jos]], [[Plateau State]], Nigeria|death_date=20 February 2018 (aged 83)|death_place=[[Asaba, Delta State]], Nigeria|burial_place=[[Asaba, Delta State]], Nigeria|other_names=Augustine|citizenship=|children=5|occupation={{flatlist|
* Educator
* Physicist
* Mathematician 
* Researcher}}}}


'''Awele Augustine Maduemezia''' (Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹjọ Ọdún 1934 – Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kejì Ọdún 2018) jẹ́ ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú ìmọ̀ Fíísíkì, onímọ̀ nípa ìṣirò, olùwádìí, àti olùkọ́ni láti orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó ti fìgbà kan jẹ́ Igbá-kejì Olùdarí (Vice-Chancellor) ti Yunifásítì Ambrose Alli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-07-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààrẹ ẹgbẹ́ Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Onímọ̀-ìjìnlẹ̀ Fíísíìkì Oníṣirò ti Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ọdún 1995, wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààrẹ ti Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Imọ-jinlẹ ti Naijiria láti gba ipò Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Anthony Afolabi Adegbola . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=July 7, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó kú ní oṣù kejì ọdún 2018.

== Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Awele Augustine Maduemezia ni a bi ni Bukuru, Dorowa Babuje, [[Jos]], Ipinle Plateau ni ọdun 1934. Oun ni ọmọ keji ti Mgotubo Selina Onyebashi ati Chisimbili Charles Maduemezia. Awon mejeeji je omo bibi [[Asaba]] to wa ni [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta|ipinle Delta]] sugbon Mgotubo wa lati Umu-Agu nigba ti Chisimbili wa lati Umu-Daike. Awele lo awọn ọdun ibẹrẹ rẹ ni Agbegbe Ariwa ti Naijiria nigba naa titi di ọdun 1945 nigbati o pada pẹlu baba rẹ si Asaba. Ó lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìjọba ní Asaba ní ọdún 1946, ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Holy Cross, [[Èkó]] (1947–1948), ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga St Patrick, Asaba (1949–1953) àti [[Yunifásítì ìlú Ìbàdàn|Yunifásítì ti Ìbàdàn]], [[Ìbàdàn]] (1954–1959, 1960–1961). Ó fi orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1962 láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ẹ̀kọ́ PhD rẹ̀ nínú ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ Theoretical Physics ní Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gba PhD rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1965 lẹ́yìn ọdún mẹ́ta péré, èyí sì jẹ́ àkọsílẹ̀ kan ní àkókò náà.

== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Lẹ́yìn tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ PhD rẹ̀, ó padà sí Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1965 pẹ̀lú ìyàwó rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́, Olóògbé Bibiana Ajoke, ẹni tí ó fẹ́ ní ọdún kan náà. Wọ́n kó lọ sí [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu]] níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùrànlọ́wọ́ olùkọ́ àti olùkọ́ ní Yunifásítì ti Nàìjíríà, [[Nsukka]] láti ọdún 1965 sí 1967. Ní ọdún 1967, wọ́n kó lọ sí Trieste, [[Itálíà|Ítálì]] níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùrànlọ́wọ́ àti olùrànlọ́wọ́ àgbà ní International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP). Ní ìparí ọdún kan tí wọ́n lò ní Trieste, wọ́n kó lọ sí [[Gánà|Ghana]] ní ọdún 1968 níbi tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ ní [[University of Ghana|Yunifásítì ti Ghana]], [[Aakrá|Accra]] fún ọdún díẹ̀. Wọ́n padà sí Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1972, pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Isioma. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ kan, Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú [[Físíksì|ìmọ̀ físíìsì]] àti olórí ẹ̀ka ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní [[Yunifásítì ìlú Ìbàdàn|Yunifásítì ti Ìbàdàn]] . Ó jẹ́ olóòtú abẹ́ agbègbè ti World Directory of Crystallographers. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùdásílẹ̀ àti ààrẹ fún Nigerian Academy of Science lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n yàn án ní ọdún 1995, lẹ́yìn tí ó gba ipò Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n [[Anthony Afọlábí Adegbola|Anthony Afolabi Adegbola]] . Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ American Physical Society àti Ààrẹ ti Science Association of Nigeria. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Ghana Science Association, International Association of Mathematical Physics, Nigerian Institute of Physics, Nigerian Society of Mathematical Sciences àti Sigma Xi . Ó tún jẹ́ ààrẹ ẹgbẹ́ Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics àti Nigerian Mathematical Society. Ó jẹ́ [[Gíwá yunifásítì|Igbákejì Gómìnà]] ti Bendel State University (tí ó jẹ́ Yunifásítì Ambrose Alli báyìí), [[Ekpoma]], àti Olùrànlọ́wọ́ Pàtàkì fún Mínísítà fún Ìmọ̀ Sáyẹ́ǹsì àti Ìmọ̀ Ẹ̀rọ ní Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀. Láìpẹ́ yìí kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2018, ó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí nínú ìbàjẹ́ àyíká, ó ń gba ìmọ̀ràn fún onírúurú àjọ ìbílẹ̀ àti ti àgbáyé. Ó kọ àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ lórí Ìṣirò Fisiksi àti Ẹ̀kọ́ Sáyẹ́ǹsì sí àwọn ìwé ìròyìn ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n.

== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
Awele fẹ́yàwó lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì bí ọmọ márùn-ún pẹ̀lú ọmọ ìyá rẹ̀ (Eleojo). Awele gbeyawo Late Bibiana Ajoke ni osu kefa odun 1965. Wọ́n bí ọmọ mẹ́ta, àwọn ọmọbìnrin ni Isioma, Obiageli àti Ezinwa. Ó tún fẹ́ Dókítà (Arábìnrin) Celina Peters ní ọdún 1995. Ẹgbẹ́ náà yóò wà fún ọdún mẹ́tàlélógún títí tí yóò fi kú. Kí Awele tó ṣe ìgbéyàwó, ó ní àwọn ọmọkùnrin méjì, Chike àti Amaechi láti inú àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ àtijọ́. Awele ní àwọn ọmọ ìyàwó méje àti àwọn ọmọ ọmọ ogún.

== Awọn ọdun ikẹhin ati iku ==
Lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì rẹ̀, Awele kó lọ sí ìlú ìbílẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní Asaba ní ọdún 2017. Ó kú ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 2018 ní ẹni ọdún mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin láti inú àwọn àrùn àdánidá. Wọ́n ṣe ìsìnkú ìsìnkú ní Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Kátólíìkì ti Assumption, Zappa, [[Asaba|Asaba, Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta]] ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2018. Wọ́n sin ín sí ìlú ìbílẹ̀ rẹ̀, Asaba, ní ìpínlẹ̀ Delta.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1934]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365514570|Kaduna Book and Arts Festival]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Infobox convention|name=Kaduna Book and Arts Festival|logo=|image=|caption=|status=Active|genre=[[Arts festival]], [[Book festival]]|date=|begins=|ends=|frequency=Annually|venue=Gusau Institute, [[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]]|location=[[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]], [[Kaduna State]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|first=2017|organizer=Book Buzz Foundation/[[Kaduna_State#Government|Kaduna State Government]]/Gusau Institute|attendance=|website={{URL|www.kabafest.org}}}}

'''Ayẹyẹ Ìwé àti Ọ̀nà ti Kaduna''', Ti a tun mọ̀ sí KABAFEST, jẹ́ ayẹyẹ ọdọọdún nípa lítíréṣọ̀, àṣà, àti iṣẹ́-ọnà ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, ní Nàìjíríà, èyí tí ó wáyé fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/kabafest-2017-taking-book-festival-train-to-kaduna/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=KABAFEST 2017… Taking book festival train to Kaduna|accessdate=2017-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àjọ Book Buzz Foundation ló ṣètò rẹ̀—àwọn náà ló sì máa ń ṣètò àpéjọpọ̀ ọlọ́dọọdún ti Aké Arts and Book Festival—ní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Ìjọba Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna àti Gusau Institute. Èyí tún jẹ́ àpéjọpọ̀ ìwé àkọ́kọ́ irúfẹ́ rẹ̀ tí a máa ń ṣe lọ́dọọdún ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/kabafest-2017-opening-up-conversation-creative-space-of-a-less-understood-region/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=KABAFEST 2017: Opening up conversation, creative space of a less understood region|accessdate=2017-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìdásílẹ̀ ==
Èrò kan wà nípa Àríwá Nàìjíríà pé ó jẹ́ ibi tí ó kọ̀ láti gba àwọn ohun tuntun, pàápàá jùlọ ní ti àwọn ìwé àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ̀wé.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ṣe agbekalẹ KABAFEST—eyiti o jẹ ipilẹṣẹ Ijọba Ipinle Kaduna—gẹgẹbi ọna lati koju ero ti ko tọ yẹn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nípa ìdásílẹ̀ yẹn, Lola Shoneyin ti Book Buzz sọ pé nípasẹ̀ àjọyọ̀ náà, òun ní ète láti &quot;ṣẹ̀dá àwọn àǹfààní tuntun àti èyí tí ó dùn mọ́ni fún ìbáṣepọ̀ láàrin àwọn ènìyàn àti pàṣípààrọ̀ àṣà, láti ṣe ayẹyẹ àti láti gbé àwọn oníṣẹ́-ọnà àti àwọn olùṣẹ̀dá ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà lárugẹ, àti láti mú kí ìfaradà àti òye wà nípasẹ̀ ìjíròrò nípa àwọn ìwé, àṣà, iṣẹ́-ọnà àti àwùjọ.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|archivedate=November 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àtẹ̀jáde àkọ́kọ́ ==
Àtẹ̀jáde àkọ́kọ́ ti KABAFEST ni a ṣe ní Gusau Institute ní ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, ó sì ní ìwé márùn-ún tàbí ìjíròrò, wíwà àwọn òǹkọ̀wé, ìjíròrò lórí àwọn ènìyàn, àfihàn fíìmù méjì, ìfihàn iṣẹ́ ọnà pẹ̀lú àwọn ayàwòrán mẹ́rin ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà, ìtọ́wò oúnjẹ, àti ìṣe ewì ìyanu kan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn òǹkọ̀wé, àwọn òṣèré, àwọn òṣèré, àwọn akéwì àti àwọn òṣèré tó lé ní àádọ́ta láti gbogbo àgbáyé ló wà níbẹ̀. Olórí ìwé náà ni Leila Aboulela, òǹkọ̀wé ará Sudan àti olùgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí ó gba ẹ̀bùn Caine, ló ṣe àkóso rẹ̀. 

Awọn onkọwe ati awọn oṣere miiran ti o wa pẹlu [https://www.kabafest.ng/kabafest/guests/abdulbasit-abubakar/ Abdulbasit Abubakar], Abdullah Musa Dona, Abubakar Adam Ibrahim, Aisha Umar, Aminu Alan Waka, Andrew Walker, Auwalu Anwar, Audee T. Giwa, Balaraba Ramat Yakubu, Carmen McCain, Chika Jones, Chitra Nagarajan, [[Hadiza Isma El-Rufai|Dami]] [[Dami Ajayi|Ajayi]], E. E Sule, Edify Yakusak, Efe Paul . Hafsah A. Matazu, [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]], Hafsat Ahmad Abdulwaheed, Hauwa Evelyn Shekarau, Ibrahim Bello-Kano, Ishaya Bako, Jamila Umar Tanko, Jerry Buhari, Joseph Hayab, [[Kadaria Ahmed]], Kaltume B. Gana, [[Kenneth Gyang]], [[Kinna Likimani]], [[Kola Tubosun]], Leilam Aboulela O Bukar Hassan, Methuselah Jeremiah, Nur'din Busari, Nura Garba, Odafe Atogun, Pearl Osibu, Rahama Sadau, Rahma Abdulmajid Sharif, Richard Ali, Saddiq Dzukogi, Samira Haruna Sanusi, Segun Adeniyi, Saudatu S. Mahdi, [[Temie Giwa-Tubosun]], [[Titilope Sonuga]], Toni Kan, Usman Bugaje, [[Wana Udobang]], Williams Tala Chechet, [[Zaynab Alkali|Zaynat alkali]], Abubakar Giwa, Jeremiah, Jeremiah, Mohammed Alkaki, Abubakar Giwa-Tubosun . 

The festival also featured the screening of two films: Ishaya Bako's Henna and Kenneth Gyang's Blood and Henna. It also had &quot;booklogues&quot;, panel discussions, poetry, art exhibition, and a fiction workshop.[citation needed]

== Ẹ̀tọ́ láti kọ ==
Ohun pàtàkì kan nínú ayẹyẹ náà ni ìṣípayá ìwé àdéhùn òye, ti 'Ẹ̀tọ́ láti Kọ Iṣẹ́ Àkànṣe', iṣẹ́ àkànṣe ìmọ̀ kíkà àti kíkà láàárín Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Ará Yúróòpù, àti àjọ àṣà ilẹ̀ Faransé kan, Africultures . Ète iṣẹ́ náà ni &quot;láti tan àwọn iṣẹ́ ìwé àti ẹ̀rọ ayélujára kálẹ̀ ní ìpínlẹ̀ márùn-ún ní Àríwá - [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna|Kaduna]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno|Borno]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa|Adamawa]] àti [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Bauchi|Bauchi]] .&quot; Iṣẹ́ náà jẹ́ EUR mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/kabafest-2017-opening-up-conversation-creative-space-of-a-less-understood-region/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=KABAFEST 2017: Opening up conversation, creative space of a less understood region}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ẹ̀bùn/Ìgbésí Ayé Èdè Hausa ==
Ohun pàtàkì mìíràn tí ó wáyé nínú ayẹyẹ náà ni ìkéde ẹ̀bùn ẹgbẹ̀rún márùn-ún náírà fún ìwé Hausa, àti ìgbé ayé àwọn òǹkọ̀wé tí wọ́n ń kọ èdè náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.olisa.tv/2017/07/kabafest-a-feasting-on-books-and-arts-in-the-city-of-crocodile/|title=Kabafest: A Feasting on Books and Arts in the City of Crocodiles|date=2017-07-07|archivedate=2017-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹlẹ ọdọọdun ==
Gomina ipinlẹ Kaduna, Mallam [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasir el-Rufai]], kede ayẹyẹ naa gẹgẹbi ayẹyẹ ọdọọdun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://leadership.ng/2017/08/04/el-rufai-declares-kabafest-annual-fete/|title=El-Rufai Declares KABAFEST An Annual Fete - leadership.ng|date=2017-08-04|access-date=2017-10-31|language=en-US|archivedate=2017-10-09|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Ayẹyẹ Ìwé àti Ọ̀nà ní Èkó</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365514769|Lagos Book and Art Festival]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Infobox convention|country=[[Nigeria]]|first={{start date and age|1999}}|frequency=Annually|genre=[[Arts festival]], [[book festival]]|location=Goethe-Institut, British Council, [[Freedom Park, Lagos]]|name=Lagos Book and Art Festival|organizer=[[Committee for Relevant Art]]|status=Active|website={{URL|http://www.lagosbookartfestival.org/}}}}

'''Ayẹyẹ Ìwé àti Ọ̀nà ní Èkó''' ( '''LABAF''' ) jẹ́ ayẹyẹ iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà ọdọọdún tí Ìgbìmọ̀ fún Àwọn Iṣẹ́ Ọ̀nà tó Yẹ (CORA), àjọ àṣà ìbílẹ̀ kan ní Nàìjíríà, dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1999.

== Ìtàn ==
A ṣe ayẹyẹ naa fun igba akọkọ ni oṣu kọkanla ọdun 1999 ni ibi ti Jazz 38 ti n ṣiṣẹ nigbagbogbo ni Lekki, Eko. Ero ti o wa lẹhin ayẹyẹ naa ni lati ṣe iranti ipadabọ Naijiria si ijọba tiwantiwa lẹhin ti awọn ologun ti wa ni agbara fun ọdun mẹta-din-lọgọta tabi ju bẹẹ lọ, ati lati ṣeto ayẹyẹ ti yoo tun mu agbara wa sinu eto naa ki o si tun fa ifojusi awọn ọdọ ati agbalagba mọra—paapaa julọ si aṣa kika iwe ti o ti n parẹ diẹdiẹ. Wọn pe e ni &quot;ayẹyẹ aṣa ti o tobi julọ ni Afirika.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2012-11-21|title=LABAF: Nigeria on hot seat at Culture Picnic|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/labaf-nigeria-on-hot-seat-at-culture-picnic/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-06|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ní Lagos Book and Art Festival, a máa ń ṣe é fún ọjọ́ méje &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/labaf-2019-a-week-of-52-engaging-events-with-loads-of-lessons-for-the-youths/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-06|title=A Week of 52 Engaging Events With Loads of Lessons for the Youths}}&lt;/ref&gt; ní àwọn ibi tó yàtọ̀ síra bíi Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Goethe, British Council, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=James Murua}}&lt;/ref&gt; àti Freedom Park, gbogbo wọn ní [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó]] .&amp;nbsp;

== Àwọn ohun pàtàkì ayẹyẹ náà ==
LABAF ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbòkègbodò tó yàtọ̀ síra, títí bí àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ṣáájú ayẹyẹ bíi ìrìn àjò ìwé  àti àwọn ìgbòkègbodò pàtàkì mìíràn, títí bí àwọn ìṣeré orin, kíkà ìwé, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Olorunsola|date=2019-09-14|title=LABAF to hold in November|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/labaf-to-hold-in-november.html|access-date=2020-08-06|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn àfihàn fíìmù,&amp;nbsp;ìtàkùn àwọn olùtẹ̀wé], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2020-02-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ìfihàn ìwé àti iṣẹ́ ọnà, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Asiri recounts Nigeria's history in colourful exhibition|url=https://punchng.com/asiri-recounts-nigerias-history-in-colourful-exhibition/|access-date=2020-08-06|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn ìjíròrò lórí ìkànnì, àwọn ìpàdé ìjíròrò,  àwọn àpérò, àwọn ìgbékalẹ̀ ìwé,  àwọn ìfihàn àṣà, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Yoruba Lakotun set for LABAF|url=https://punchng.com/yoruba-lakotun-set-for-labaf/|access-date=2020-08-06|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò ìwé, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-11-10|title=Winner Emerges For Ken Saro-Wiwa Prize For Review At LABAF 2018|url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/11/10/winner-emerges-ken-saro-wiwa-prize-review-labaf-2018|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2020-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; ayẹyẹ aláwọ̀ ewé  àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ míràn. Ayẹyẹ naa tun mu ki awọn ọmọ ile-iwe alakọbẹrẹ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/labafs-feast-of-ideas-and-life-opens-in-lagos/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-06|title=LABF's Feast of Ideas and Life Opens in Lagos}}&lt;/ref&gt; ati awọn ile-ẹkọ giga ni Nigeria kopa nipa fifi awọn aye idije ati imọran han fun wọn.

Àjọyọ̀ náà tún máa ń yan àwọn ìwé tó yàtọ̀ síra lọ́dọọdún tí wọ́n máa ń fi hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ìwé Àjọyọ̀  tí wọ́n sì jẹ́ ara àsọyé àjọyọ̀ náà fún ọdún náà.

Àtẹ̀jáde kọ́kànlélógún ti ayẹyẹ náà wáyé láti ọjọ́ 4–10 oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2019 pẹ̀lú àkọlé náà ''&quot;Yípadà sí Tuntun&quot;'' .  A ya àkòrí yìí sí mímọ́ láti fi rántí òṣèré oníṣẹ́ ọnà orin ńlá David Herbert Dale, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=David Dale, Renowned British-Nigerian Artist, Dies at 71|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/08/07/david-dale-renowned-british-nigerian-artist-dies-at-71/|access-date=2022-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí ó kú ní ọjọ́ ìṣẹ́gun, ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2019. A tun ṣeto ayẹyẹ naa lati ṣe ayẹyẹ awọn olokiki onkọwe oriṣiriṣi ti o ku ni ọdun naa, pẹlu Pius Adesanmi, Eddie Ugbomah, Bisi Silva, ati awọn miiran. Àkòrí ayẹyẹ náà ní ọdún 2017 ni ''Ìbúgbàù: Àgbáyé àti ìfọ́mọ́ ènìyàn'', nígbà tí ní ọdún 2018 ó jẹ́ ''Ìtúnṣe: Sí ayé kan tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ fún gbogbo ènìyàn'' .  Àjọyọ̀ náà máa ń jẹ́ àkókò tí àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò ìwé, àwọn àfihàn fíìmù, àwọn fíìmù onítàn, àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn eré, àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbéjáde láti mú kí àwọn àlejò àti àwọn olùwòran gbádùn.

== Ète àti ète ayẹyẹ náà ==
LABAF, tí a tún mọ̀ sí ìpànkì àṣà tó tóbi jùlọ ní ilẹ̀ adúláwọ̀, jẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbòkègbodò tó yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn kan kún fún ìgbádùn, nígbà tí àwọn kan jẹ́ ète ọgbọ́n inú tó jinlẹ̀ ni láti mú kí àṣà kíkà tó ń dínkù padà sípò, láti gbé àṣà lárugẹ àti láti máa fún àwọn ènìyàn níṣìírí láti máa sọ̀rọ̀ àti kíkọ ní èdè ìbílẹ̀ wa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Soyinka others advocate cultural renaissance at yoruba lakotun|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/365196-soyinka-others-advocate-cultural-renaissance-at-yoruba-lakotun.html|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ṣe ìgbéga ayẹyẹ náà kìí ṣe láti ta ìwé nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n láti gbé iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà lárugẹ àti ipa tí iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà àti ìwé ní lórí àwùjọ ní gbogbo onírúurú ẹ̀ka, onírúurú àti ìṣètò ènìyàn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kayode Kofoworola Nigerian writers now write for prizes|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kayode-kofoworola-nigerian-writers-now-write-for-prizes/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; LABAF ló gbé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìdíje kíkọ àti kíkà lárugẹ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Winner emerges at Ken Saro Wiwa prize review labaf-2018|url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/11/10/winner-emerges-ken-saro-wiwa-prize-review-labaf-2018|location=New York City, United States|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Ìpàtẹ Ìwé Àgbáyé ti Nàìjíríà</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T16:53:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365514399|Nigeria International Book Fair]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Infobox name||name=Nigeria International Book Fair Festival|language=Yoruba|meaning=Local Wrestling|region=southwestern Region, Nigeria|image=NIBF2025.jpg|caption=2025 Nigeria International Book Fair at the Balmoral Convention Centre, [[Sheraton Lagos Hotel|Sheraton]], Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.}}

'''Ìpàdé Ìwé Àgbáyé ti Nàìjíríà (NIBF)''' jẹ́ ayẹyẹ àṣà ọdọọdún ní [[Nàìjíríà]], tí a dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2001, tí Nigeria Book Fair Trust (NBFT) sì ṣètò.  Ní gbogbo ọ̀sẹ̀ kejì oṣù karùn-ún, NIBF máa ń kó àwọn olùfẹ́ ìwé jọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn òǹkọ̀wé, àwọn akéwì, àwọn olùta ìwé, àwọn olùtẹ̀wé, àwọn òǹkọ̀wé, àwọn ayàwòrán, àwọn olùta ìwé, àwọn olùtẹ̀wé, àwọn olùtọ́jú ilé ìwé, àwọn onílé ìwé, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba, àti àwọn òǹkàwé, láti orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti àwọn apá ibòmíràn ní àgbáyé. Ète pàtàkì ayẹyẹ náà ni láti gbé àṣà kíkà lárugẹ àti láti mú kí àṣà kíkà pọ̀ sí i láàrín àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti àwọn ará Áfíríkà lápapọ̀.

== Ìtàn ==
Wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìfihàn ìwé àgbáyé ti Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2001. Alága ayẹyẹ naa tun ni alaga Nigerian Book Fair Trust.

Níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ọdọọdún yìí ní ẹ̀dà rẹ̀ ogún (tí ó wáyé ní ọdún 2021), Ààrẹ Àjọ Àwọn Oníṣòwò Ìwé Kíkọ ti Àgbáyé (IPA) tí ó wà ní Geneva, Switzerland, ìyẹn Shiekha Bodour Al-Qasimi, ló ṣe àlejò pàtàkì tí ó sọ̀rọ̀ níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà. Àwọn mìíràn tí wọ́n sì wà níbẹ̀ pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Agbẹnusọ Ilé Aṣojú ti Àpapọ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Federal House of Representatives), Rt. Hon. Femi Gbajabiamila, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àlejò Pàtàkì; Iyaafin Àkọ́kọ́ ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Ekiti, Erelu Bisi Fayemi, tí ó jẹ́ Alága ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà; àti obìnrin tí ó ní ọrọ̀ jùlọ ní ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, Folorunso Alakija. Gómìnà Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, Babajide Sanwo-Olu, ló sì ṣe Olùgbàlejò Àgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|archivedate=10 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àtẹ̀jáde ogún ti NIBF yìí wáyé ní Harbour Point, Victoria Island, láti ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún sí ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù keje ọdún 2021. A ṣe ìpàdé àwọn oníròyìn ní Protea Hotels ní Ikeja níbi tí wọ́n ti ń ṣe àfihàn àkòrí náà “Jíjí Àwọn Obìnrin Jíjí fún Ìdàgbàsókè Àyíká Ìwé” tí wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ nínú àfihàn ìwé. Àwọn olùfẹ́ ìwé láti gbogbo àgbáyé ló wá síbi ìtàkùn náà, títí kan àwọn tó dara pọ̀ mọ́ ọn lórí fóònù. Ní ọdún 2022, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti ṣe é ní oṣù kẹsàn-án àti oṣù keje ní ọdún méjì tó kọjá nítorí [[Àjàkáyé-àrùn èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020|àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn COVID-19]], NIBF padà sí oṣù Karùn-ún tí wọ́n ti ń ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/2022-nigeria-international-book-fair-starts-may-12/|title=2022 Nigeria International Book Fair starts May 12|date=May 8, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayẹyẹ NIBF ti ọdun 2023 waye ni agbegbe ilu Eko ni [[Ikeja]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/05/07/nigeria-intl-book-fair-returns-to-mainland-holds-this-may|title=Nigeria Int'l Book Fair Returns To Mainland, Holds This May|first=Yinka|last=Olatunbosun|date=7 May 2023|access-date=6 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ọdún 2024, ìfihàn ìwé àgbáyé ti [[Nàìjíríà]] yóò gbàlejò àtúnse 23. Ayẹyẹ naa waye ni Yard 158, Kudirat Abiola Way, Oregun, [[Ikeja]], Lagos. Àkòrí ìpàdé náà ni Ẹ̀kọ́ Àkọ́kọ́ Àgbáyé àti Ìṣètò Ìwé: Ṣíṣe Àgbékalẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Emelike|date=2024-05-05|title=Nigeria's premier book fair holds this May, spotlights education|url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/nigerias-premier-book-fair-holds-this-may-spotlights-education/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-05-31|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ọdún 2025, wọ́n ṣe ayẹyẹ náà níIle-iṣẹ Apejọ Balmoral, Sheraton, Ikeja, Eko, láti ọjọ́ keje sí ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù karùn-ún, ọdún 2025. Ohun tí ó jẹ́ ọdún 2025 ni Ìṣelọ́pọ́ Ìwé Àdúgbò: Panacea sí Ìṣelọ́pọ́ Ìwé Tó Dára Jùlọ àti Ẹ̀kọ́ Tó Dára Jùlọ. Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Abiodun Oluwafemi Oluwadare, ti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ìgbó àti ọjà ní Yunifásítì ti Ibadan ló sọ ọ̀rọ̀ pàtàkì fún ìpàdé àgbáyé náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Emelike|first1=Obinna|date=2025-05-04|title=Two ministers, VCs, rector, others for NIBF 2025|url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/two-ministers-vcs-rector-others-for-nibf-2025/|place=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=2025-06-09|journal=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayẹyẹ ọdún 2025 tí Dare Oluwatuyi, Alága ti Nigeria Book Fair Trust, àti Olugbemi Malomo, Igbákejì Alága ti Nigeria Book Fair Trust, gbàlejò, ní àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì bíi Tunji Alausa, Minisita fún Ẹ̀kọ́, àti John Owan Enoh, Minisita fún Ìpínlẹ̀ fún Ilé Iṣẹ́, Ìṣòwò àti Ìdókòwò. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Àjọyọ̀ ==
Ayẹyẹ Ìfihàn Ìwé Àgbáyé ti Nàìjíríà ní pàtàkì ní fífi àwọn ìwé púpọ̀ hàn fún ìfihàn, èyí tí ó ń pèsè ìtà fún títà àwọn ìwé wọ̀nyí fún àwọn oníbàárà tí wọ́n nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí. Àjọyọ̀ náà tún ní àwọn ètò mìíràn tí ó ní nínú rẹ̀; ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àwọn olùkọ́, ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àwọn atẹ̀wé, ètò ọjọ́ méjì fún àwọn ọmọdé, ìpàdé ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn olórí ilé-iṣẹ́, ètò òǹkọ̀wé, ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àwọn atẹ̀wé àti àwọn mìíràn. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-05-07|title=The Nigerian International Book Fair begins May 11|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/bibliophile-announcement-the-nigerian-international-book-fair-begins-may-11/2j586c8|access-date=2021-08-10|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àpérò àwọn onílé ìwé àti àwọn olórí ilé ìwé ní Nàìjíríà ni wọ́n ṣe nígbà tó yá ní ọdún 2015 láti mú kí ayẹyẹ náà jẹ́ èyí tí a kò lè gbàgbé fún àwọn àlejò àti àwọn olùfihàn. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

NIBF ti ọdun 2021 ṣe afihan ifilọlẹ iwe ''Madagali'' ti Dokita Wale Okediran kọ, Akọwe Gbogbogbo ti Pan African Writers' Association . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Thisdaylive|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/|access-date=2021-08-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àlejò ọlá àti àkòrí rẹ̀ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Theme of the Year
!Venue
!Focus of Interest
!Guest of Honour
|-
|2002
|Publishing for Peace
|[[Àbújá|International Conference Centre, Abuja]]
|Promoting peace
|[[Wọlé Sóyinká|Wole Soyinka]]
|-
|2003
|Women Empowerment Through Publishing
|[[Eko Hotels and Suites|Le Meridien Eko Hotel]], [[Èkó|Lagos]]
|Women Empowerment
|
|-
|2004
|Book Trade Across Boundaries
|[[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó|Multi-purpose Hall, University of Lagos]]
|Trading
|Dirk Koehler
|-
|2011
|Technology and the Future of the Book: Implication for the African Book Industry
|[[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó|Afe Babalola Auditorium]], University of Lagos
|New Technology Application
|[[Lateef Jakande]] and Oyewusi Ibidapo-Obe
|-
|2012
|The State of Infrastructural Development in Africa and the Future of the Book Trade
|Multi-purpose Hall, University of Lagos
|Infrastructural Development
|
|-
|2014
|Emergence of E-book and the Survival of Physical Book in Africa
|Multi-purpose Hall, University of Lagos
|Promoting E-books
|
|-
|2015
|African Youth Empowerment through Book for sustainable National Development
|Multi-purpose Hall, University of Lagos
|Youth Empowerment
|Prof. Ismail Junaidu
|-
|2018
|Networking – A Sustainable Vehicle for Dynamism and Survival of Book Business in Africa.
|[[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó|Jelili Adebisi Omotola Hall]], University of Lagos
|Networking Application
|Dr. Lola Akande
|-
|2019
|Optimising New Technology in Book Development and Distribution for the Promotion of Book in Africa
|Jelili Adebisi Omotola Hall, University of Lagos
|Utilizing Technology Book Development and Distribution
|Hameed Bobboyi
|-
|2020
|Information Technology as a Panacea for the Book Industry Sustainability Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic
|Virtual (Online )
|Application of Information Technology
|Huago Setzer
|-
|2021
|Awakening the Giant in Women for the Growth of the Book Ecosystem&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria international book fair goes virtual|url=https://guardian.ng/art/nigeria-international-book-fair-goes-virtual/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Women take center stage in 2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Women take center stage in 2021 Nigeria Int'l Book Fair|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/women-take-center-stage-in-2021-nigeria-intl-book-fair/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Harbour Point Event Centre, Victoria Island, Lagos
|Women
|Bodour Al-Qasimi
|}

== Àwọn olùgbọ̀wọ́ àti àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ ==
Ìpàdé Ìwé Àgbáyé ti Nàìjíríà wà ní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Àjọ Onígbọ̀wọ́ Àfihàn Ìwé Nàìjíríà  Ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iṣẹ ati awọn ile-iṣẹ bii:

* Igbimọ Iwadi ati Idagbasoke Ẹkọ ti Ilu Naijiria
* Ìgbìmọ̀ Ẹ̀tọ́ Àdáwòkọ Nàìjíríà
* [[Fidelity Bank Nigeria|Ile-ifowopamọ Fidelity]]
* Àwọn agbára ìtẹ̀wé onípele mẹ́rin
* Ile-ifowopamọ Apapọ fun Afirika
* Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Òǹkọ̀wé Nàìjíríà (ANA)
* Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Olùtẹ̀wé Nàìjíríà
* Àwọn Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Àwọn Onítẹ̀wé Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ti Nàìjíríà tí a fún ní àṣẹ
* Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Olùtẹ̀wé Àgbáyé
* Ẹgbẹ́ Ilé Ìkàwé Nàìjíríà

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
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    <title>Àjọyọ̀ Things Fall Apart</title>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354599569|Things Fall Apart Festival]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox name||name=Things Fall Apart festival|language=English|meaning=Local Wrestling|region=Igbo, Nigeria|image=|caption=}}

 
'''Ayẹyẹ Things Fall Apart''' Eyi jẹ ayẹyẹ ọdọọdun ti o da lori iwe-kikọ ati aṣa ni Enugu, Naijiria, ti o n ṣe ayẹyẹ ọdun kẹtadinlọgọta (67) ti iwe itan-akọọlẹ Chinua Achebe ti ọdun 1958, &quot;Things Fall Apart&quot;. Ti a ṣeto nipasẹ Centre for Memories – Ncheta Ndigbo, ayẹyẹ yii gbe e lori ipilẹ &quot;Ọjọ Things Fall Apart&quot; (Things Fall Apart Day) ti a bẹrẹ ni ọdun 2020, o si n ṣawari awọn akori bii ipa ti akọ tabi abo, idanimọ aṣa, ati ogún awọn Igbo nipasẹ awọn iṣafihan, awọn ifihan iṣẹ-ọnà, ati awọn ijiroro.&lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu|url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/|date=May 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayẹyẹ akọkọ, ti o waye lati ọjọ kọkandinlọgbọn oṣu Kẹfa si ọjọ karun-un oṣu Keje ọdun 2025, fa ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun awọn olukopa ati akiyesi lati oke-okun, pẹlu awọn eto lati tẹsiwaju rẹ ni ọdọọdun.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture|newspaper=The Guardian|date=July 9, 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Headlines ‘Things Fall Apart’ Festival 2025|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/05/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-headlines-things-fall-apart-festival-2025/|date=May 13, 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ==
Ayẹyẹ náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọjọ́ Things Fall Apart, ìrántí ìwé ìtàn Chinua Achebe tí wọ́n ń ṣe lọ́dọọdún láti ọdún 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Homecoming fiesta for Things Fall Apart|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/06/homecoming-fiesta-for-things-fall-apart/amp/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=June 28, 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdarí àgbà Iheanyi Igboko ti sọ, wọ́n ṣe é nígbà ìpàdé àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ní ọdún 2025 ní Centre for Memories, wọ́n sì fẹ́ ṣẹ̀dá ìtàkùn fún ìṣẹ̀dá ìwé àti ìjíròrò lórí àwọn ọ̀ràn Igbo. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;westafweekly&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chimamanda Adichie Calls for Unity and Cultural Reawakening at Grand Finale of Things Fall Apart Festival in Enugu|url=https://westafricaweekly.com/chimamanda-adichie-calls-for-unity-and-cultural-reawakening-at-grand-finale-of-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/|newspaper=West Africa Weekly|date=July 8, 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2025, àjọ àwọn onímọ̀ nípa ìrìnàjò afẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà (ATPN) fọwọ́ sí ayẹyẹ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ayẹyẹ ìrìnàjò orílẹ̀-èdè kan, tí Igwe Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, [[Obi ilẹ̀ Onitsha|Obi ti Onitsha]] sì ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn rẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;von&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ATPN Endorses Things Fall Apart Festival 2025 as National Event|url=https://von.gov.ng/atpn-endorses-things-fall-apart-festival-2025-as-national-event/|date=July 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025|newspaper=[[Voice of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard&quot; /&gt; Ile-iṣẹ fun Awọn iranti, ti a da silẹ ni ọdun 2017 lati tọju ohun-ini Igbo, ni o ṣeto iṣẹlẹ naa, pẹlu Igboko gẹgẹbi oludari alaṣẹ ati James Eze gẹgẹbi alaga igbimọ eto. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot; /&gt;

== Àtúnse 2025 ==
A ṣe ayẹyẹ àkọ́kọ́ náà láti ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹfà sí ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù keje, ọdún 2025, ní ilé-iṣẹ́ fún ìrántí àti ilé-iṣẹ́ àpérò àgbáyé ní Enugu, èyí tí a ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò àkòrí náà “Ọkùnrin, Obìnrin, Ènìyàn: Ìjíròrò nípa Àwọn Àfikún nínú Àwọn Ohun Tí Ó Falẹ̀”. &lt;ref name=&quot;nation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chimamanda to headline “Things Fall Apart” festival in Enugu|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/chimamanda-to-headline-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/amp/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=May 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abúlé Umuofia tí a tún ṣe, tí ó ní ibi ìsìnkú, ilé ìtọ́jú ẹran, àti àwọn olùṣọ́ tí wọ́n wọ aṣọ ìbílẹ̀, gbàlejò àwọn ìṣeré Ijele Renaissance Theatre, títí kan ìdíje ìjàkadì Okonkwo, pẹ̀lú àwọn òṣèré bíi [[Pete Edochie]] àti [[Nkem Owoh]] láti inú àtúnṣe tẹlifíṣọ̀n ti ọdún 1987. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot; /&gt; Àwọn ìbòjú Ajofia, àwọn ìfihàn iṣẹ́ ọnà, àwọn àfihàn fíìmù, àwọn ìrìn ìrántí, àti àwọn ìgbékalẹ̀ ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ mú kí ìrírí náà sunwọ̀n síi. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot; /&gt; Àwọn olùṣètò ròyìn pé ó ju ìkọ̀wé àròkọ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 180 lọ, àwọn ọmọdé tó lé ní 320 ló kópa nínú ètò àwọn ọ̀dọ́, àti 3,000 ìfiránṣẹ́ fídíò láti àwọn kọ́ńtínẹ́ǹtì mẹ́rin fún ìdíje kíkà kárí ayé. &lt;ref name=&quot;westafweekly&quot; /&gt; Àwọn akọrin Oluomachukwu Odimegwu àti Gerald Eze ṣe ìtàn àròsọ Igbo. &lt;ref name=&quot;westafweekly&quot; /&gt; [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ló ṣe àkóso ìparí àṣeyọrí náà ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù Keje, ẹni tó sọ̀rọ̀ lórí ìṣọ̀kan àti ìtọ́jú àṣà ìbílẹ̀ àwọn ará Igbo, ó ní, “Ìṣọ̀kan kò túmọ̀ sí àìsí ìyàtọ̀ – ìpinnu láti wá papọ̀ láìka wọ́n sí ni.” &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianng&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chioke, Adichie make case for Igbo unity|url=https://guardian.ng/news/chioke-adichie-make-case-for-igbo-unity/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=July 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó rọ àwọn olórí Igbo láti para pọ̀ lórí ìṣèlú láti kojú ìyàsọ́tọ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianng&quot; /&gt; Alága ayẹyẹ náà [[Ike Chioke|, Ike Chioke]], Olùdarí Àgbà fún Afrinvest, pè fún àtúnkọ ìtàn Nàìjíríà, ó sì tọ́ka sí ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Achebe nínú “Things Fall Apart”. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianng&quot; /&gt; Àwọn tó tún kópa nínú rẹ̀ ni òṣèré [[Swanky JKA|Jidekene Achufusi]] àti oníròyìn Larry Madowo . &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot; /&gt; Gómìnà ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu, Peter Mbah, gbàlejò Adichie, ó sì yìn ín gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣojú àṣà ìbílẹ̀ àwọn ará Igbo. &lt;ref name=&quot;dw&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns to Nigeria on book tour|url=https://www.dw.com/en/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-returns-to-nigeria-on-book-tour/video-73233404|newspaper=DW|date=July 10, 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gbigbawọle ati Ipa ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Òpin Àwọn Ẹni Burúkú</title>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360557293|End of the Wicked]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox film|name=End Of The Wicked|image=Movie poster of End of the Wicked.jpg|caption=Original release poster|director=[[Teco Benson]]|writer=[[Helen Ukpabio]]|producer=Helen Ukpabio|starring=[[Charles Okafor]]&lt;br&gt;[[Charles Okafor]]&lt;br&gt;Hilda Dokubo&lt;br&gt;[[Alex Usifo]]&lt;br&gt;[[Helen Ukpabio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ramsey Nouah]]|cinematography=Solomon Nwoko|editing=Iyke Okafor Nwoko|music=[[Stanley Okorie]]|studio=Liberty Films|distributor=|released={{Film date|1999}}|runtime=94 minutes|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English}}

 
'''''End Of The Wicked''''' jẹ́ fíìmù ìbẹ̀rù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ti ọdún 1999 tí Teco Benson darí, tí Helen Ukpabio sì kọ.  Wọ́n dá fíìmù náà lẹ́bi fún ìbísí nínú àwọn ẹ̀sùn àjẹ́ sí àwọn ọmọdé ní ọdún 1990 àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000. 

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==

== Àwọn òṣèré ==

* [[Charles Okafor]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí Chris
* [[Hilda Dokubo]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí Stella
* Alex Usifo Omiagbo gẹ́gẹ́ bí Beelzebub
* Patience Oseni gẹ́gẹ́ bí Mama Chris
* Larry Okon gẹ́gẹ́ bí Morgan
* Mary Ushie gẹ́gẹ́ bí Stephanie
* Helen Ukpabio gẹ́gẹ́ bí Pásítọ̀
* Elizabeth Akpabio gẹ́gẹ́ bí Tina
* Iniobong Ukpabio gẹ́gẹ́ bí Mercy
* Kanu Unoaba gẹ́gẹ́ bí Tempest
* Abasiofon gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ kékeré
* [[Ramsey Nouah]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí Emeka
* Mfonido Ukpabio
* Chukwudi Onu

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Fíìmù náà fa àríyànjiyàn púpọ̀ ní Nàìjíríà àti ní òkè òkun, wọ́n sì tún ṣe àríwísí rẹ̀ gidigidi fún “fíìmù náà tí ó ń sọ ìyàtọ̀ láàárín òtítọ́ àti ìtàn àròsọ di ohun tí kò dáa.”   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/22/us/22beliefs.html|title=A Nigerian Witch-Hunter Defends Herself|first=Mark|last=Oppenheimer|date=21 May 2010|access-date=24 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/5-scariest-nollywood-movie-of-all-time-id7506738.html|title=5 scariest Nollywood movie of all time|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|date=25 October 2017|access-date=24 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/5612/i-will-never-stop-fighting-witchcrafthelen-ukpabi.html|title=I will never stop fighting witchcraft...........Helen Ukpabio.|access-date=24 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ẹja Labalaba (ìtàn tuntun)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>636807</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:16:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360323216|Butterfly Fish (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Butterfly Fish|image=File:Butterfly Fish (novel).jpg|caption=First edition|alt=|author=[[Irenosen Okojie]]|title_orig=|working_title=|translator=|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=Nigeria|language=English|series=|release_number=|subject=|genre=[[Magic realism]]|publisher=[[Jacaranda Books]]|pub_date=2015|pages=304 ''(first edition)''|awards=[[Betty Trask Prize]] (2016)|isbn=9781909762060|oclc=|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=Speaking Gigantular|wikisource=}}


'''''Butterfly Fish''''' Ó jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Irenosen Okojie, kọ ní ọdún 2015. Ilé-iṣẹ́ Jacaranda Books ló tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/blogs/rise-black-speculative-fiction-1252601|title=The rise of Black speculative fiction &amp;#124; The Bookseller|website=www.thebookseller.com|first=Kadija|last=Sesay|author-link=Kadija Sesay|date=12 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2015/09/irenosen-okojie-radiant-launch-butterfly-fish/|title=Irenosen Okojie Looks Radiant For the Launch of Her New Novel Butterfly Fish|date=September 7, 2015|website=Brittle Paper|first=Einehi|last=Edoro|author-link=Aineho Edoro}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&amp;UID=38816|title=Butterfly Fish|website=www.litencyc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Betty Trask Prize ní ọdún 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Betty Trask Prize {{!}} Past winners|url=https://societyofauthors.org/prizes/the-soa-awards/betty-trask-prize-awards/|access-date=20 June 2026|website=Society of Authors}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé ìtàn náà dá lórí Joy, ayàwòrán ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kan tó ń gbé ní ìlú London tó ń gbé pẹ̀lú ìyá rẹ̀. Bí ìtàn náà ṣe ń lọ lọ́wọ́, ìyá Joy kú, ó fi ogún ìdílé sílẹ̀ fún un, títí kan ìwé àkọsílẹ̀ bàbá-ńlá rẹ̀ àti ìwé idẹ láti [[Ilẹ̀ Ọba Benin|Benin Kingdom]], wọ́n sì yàn án láti ṣọ̀fọ̀ ìyá rẹ̀ tó ti kú àti láti rí àṣírí ìdílé rẹ̀.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jordan Ifueko</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:19:33Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374879193|Jordan Ifueko]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox writer|name=Jordan Ifueko|image=Jordan Ifueko.webp|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1993|8|16}}|birth_place=[[Southern California]], U.S.|death_date=|occupation=Writer|period=2019-Present|notable_works=''[[Raybearer]]'', ''[[Redemptor]]''|spouse=|website={{URL|www.jordanifueko.com}}|education=[[George Fox University]]|awards=|genre=[[Fantasy]]|caption=Jordan Ifueko in 2020}}

 
'''Jordan Ifueko''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1993) Ó jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti Amẹ́ríkà tí ó máa ń kọ ìtàn àròsọ oní-ìrònú àràmàdà (fantasy) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=This San Fernando Valley author was just 13 when she started plotting her YA fantasy debut|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2020/08/14/this-san-fernando-valley-author-was-just-13-when-she-started-plotting-her-ya-fantasy-debut|first=Liz|last=Ohanesian|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Orange County Register|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505205309/https://www.ocregister.com/2020/08/14/this-san-fernando-valley-author-was-just-13-when-she-started-plotting-her-ya-fantasy-debut/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;àti àwọn ìtàn fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́. Ó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ fún ìwé ìtàn rẹ̀ tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ *Raybearer*, èyí tí ó di ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn ìwé tí ó ta dáadáa jùlọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkọsílẹ̀ 'New York Times', àti ìwé tí ó tẹ̀lé e, *Redemptor*.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ifueko|first=Jordan|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1152281861|title=Raybearer|date=18 August 2020|publisher=Abrams|isbn=978-1-68335-719-3|oclc=1152281861}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ìwé kẹta rẹ̀, *The Maid and the Crocodile*—èyí tí ó wáyé nínú ayé kan náà pẹ̀lú *Raybearer*—ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Raybearer' Author Jordan Ifueko Reveals Cover of New Fantasy Novel: 'I Am Overjoyed' (Exclusive)|url=https://people.com/raybearer-author-jordan-ifueko-reveals-cover-of-new-book-exclusive-8604274|access-date=2024-05-24|website=Peoplemag|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó tún máa ń kọ àwọn ìtàn kúkúrú, èyí tí wọ́n ti tẹ̀ jáde nínú ìwé ìròyìn tàbí àkópọ̀ ìtàn *Strange Horizons*.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
A bí Jordan Ifueko ní Gúúsù California fún àwọn òbí méjì láti Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ṣí lọ sí Amẹ́ríkà; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; ìyá rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] nígbà tí baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà [[Ìran Ẹdó|Bini]] . Ifueko sọ pé òun dàgbà láti máa gbọ́ ìtàn àròsọ tí ìyá òun ń sọ nípa rẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Àwọn òbí rẹ̀ ló kọ́ ọ nílé, ó sì lọ sí Yunifásítì George Fox ní [[Oregon]] . Ó ti ṣe ìgbéyàwó, ó sì ń gbé ní [[Atlanta]] pẹ̀lú ìdílé rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=7 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Nígbà tí ó jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́langba ní ọdún 2008, Ifueko kọ̀wé. Jane Austen ló fún ní àfikún ìtàn àròsọ ''Neopets'' tí wọ́n ṣe àtúnṣe sí i nínú ìwé ìròyìn ''Neopets'' nínú eré, ''The Neopian Times'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=November 7, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé ìtàn àkọ́kọ́ tí Ifueko kọ, ''Raybearer'', tí ó jẹ́ àkọ́lé ìtàn ìbílẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà àti àwọn àṣà àgbáyé mìíràn ló mú kí ó ní ìmísí, ni Abrams Books, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; tẹ̀ jáde ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2020, ó sì di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé ìròyìn tó tà jùlọ &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwSQ&quot;&gt;ní New York Times&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n yàn án fún ẹ̀bùn Andre Norton, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; ẹ̀bùn Ignyte fún ìwé ìtàn ọ̀dọ́ tó dára jùlọ  àti ẹ̀bùn àṣàyàn Goodreads fún ìwé ìtàn àkọ́kọ́ tó dára jùlọ àti ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àti ìtàn sáyẹ́ǹsì tó dára jùlọ fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=March 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=September 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n bu ọlá fún ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé àfọwọ́kọ tó yanilẹ́nu fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba ti American Library Association (ALA) àti ìwé àfọwọ́kọ tó dára jùlọ fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba tó wà ní ALA   Lẹ́yìn náà ni a tún ṣe àtẹ̀lé rẹ̀, ''Redemptor'', tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2021 tí a yàn fún Ignyte Awards, Lodestar Award àti Andre Norton Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ifueko|first=Jordan|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1262873440|title=Redemptor|date=17 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2022-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2022-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2022-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2021, wọ́n kéde pé [[Netflix]] wà ní ìpele ìdàgbàsókè láti yí ''Raybearer'' padà sí eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n kan, lábẹ́ àdéhùn tuntun pẹ̀lú Gina Atwater, pẹ̀lú àwọn olùgbéjáde Sugar23 àti Macro Television Studios. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní ọdún 2024, Ifueko kéde ìwé tuntun kan, ''The Maid and the Crocodile'', ìtàn àròsọ kan tí a gbé kalẹ̀ ní ayé kan náà pẹ̀lú ''Raybearer'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2024-03-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tẹ̀ ìwé náà jáde ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2024. 

=== Àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn ===
Ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2022, Marvel Comics kéde pé Ifueko yóò kọ ìwé apanilerin Moon Girl &amp; Devil Dinosaur tuntun kan, tí Alba Glez yà. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún kan náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2022-09-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2022-09-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìwé ìtàn ==

=== Àwọn ìwé ìtàn ===

* ''Raybearer'', Àwọn Ìwé Amulet (2020)
* ''Olurapada'', Awọn iwe Amulet (2021)
* ''[[The Maid and the Crocodile|Ọmọbìnrin àti Ọ̀nì]]'', Àwọn Ìwé Amulet (2024)

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist|}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1993]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>p83wa333uka9npi2yc5r2zpstzmr9ng</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sakobi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84312</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636809</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362183475|Sakobi]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>636809</origin>
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      <text bytes="4133" sha1="n5ekp3ijnu5o6d7cxuihq0m365n5qss" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vevent&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; |Sakobi
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Directed by
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[:en:Zeb_Ejiro|Zeb Ejiro]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Produced by
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Zeb Ejiro
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |&lt;div&gt;Production
company
&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div&gt;Zeb Ejiro Productions&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |&lt;div&gt;Release date&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist film-date&quot;&gt;
* 1998&amp;nbsp;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated itvstart&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |&lt;div&gt;Running time&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |107 minutes
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Country
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Nigeria
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Language
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |English
|}
'''Sakobi''' jẹ́ fíìmù ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà ti ọdún 1998 tí ó dá lórí àròsọ àti ìtàn ẹ̀rù, èyí tí Zeb Ejiro darí tí ó sì tún ṣe àgbéjáde rẹ̀. Àwọn òṣèré pàtàkì nínú fíìmù náà ni Saint Obi àti Susan Patrick, pẹ̀lú Tony Umez, Edith Ujay, Sunday Omobolanle, Patience Oghre, Basorge Tariah Jr., àti Zik Zulu Okafor. Nínú fíìmù náà, obìnrin kan tí ó ní ìrísí ejò tan ọkùnrin kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Frank Davies jẹ́ láti lo ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ fún ètò ìṣẹ̀dá (àjẹ́ṣe). Ó sì dojúkọ àwọn àbájáde ìgbésẹ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú aya rẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=izuzu|first=chibumga|date=2018-08-09|title=10 memorable Nollywood movie characters of the 90s &amp; 2000s|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-list-10-memorable-nollywood-movie-characters-of-the-90s-and-2000s/b4b2d2z|access-date=2022-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Sakobi: The Snake Girl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Frank Davies ni ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ Patrick mú un wá sí Sakobi nítorí ìfẹ́kúfẹ̀ẹ́ Frank fún ọrọ̀. Sakobi, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìsìn Kongodis tí ó sì ń jọ́sìn abo-ọlọ́run tí a mọ̀ sí Ejò Alágbára, pàṣẹ fún Frank láti fi ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ kan ṣoṣo, Hope, rúbọ fún àwọn ààtò ìsìn. Àdéhùn mìíràn tí Sakobi gbé kalẹ̀ ni pé kí Frank fẹ́ ẹ, èyí sì mú kí Frank fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀. Níkẹyìn, abo-ọlọrun náà kọ̀ ẹbọ ìrètí sílẹ̀, ó sì fi ẹ̀mí kúkúrú bú Frank. Nígbà tí Frank gbìyànjú láti fi ọwọ́ dókítà ìbílẹ̀ kan mú àwọn òrìṣà náà tù ú nínú, Sakobi, ọmọbìnrin ejò náà, gbé e mì lẹ́yìn tí dókítà ìbílẹ̀ náà pòórá.

== Àwọn òṣèré ==

* Saint Obi gẹ́gẹ́ bí Frank Davies
* Susan Patrick gẹ́gẹ́ bí Sakobi
* Ọmọ-ọba Akor gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyá Sakobi
* Emmanuel Frank gẹ́gẹ́ bí baba Sakobi
* Dusty Edet gẹ́gẹ́ bí Dókítà Ìbílẹ̀
* Patience Oghre gẹ́gẹ́ bí Nene
* Gloria Ogunjiofor bi Dora Davies
* Domitilla Oleka bi Ejo Alagbara
* Tony Umez gẹ́gẹ́ bí Patrick
* Mimi Ejiro gẹ́gẹ́ bí Hope Davies

Wọ́n gbé fíìmù náà jáde ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1998.

Fiimu naa tun ṣe afihan Edith Ujay, Sunday Omobolanle, Zik Zulu Okafor ati Basorge Tariah Jr. ni awọn ipa atilẹyin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Saint Obi Tasks Movie Producers On Variety|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/07/14/saint-obi-tasks-movie-producers-variety/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=izuzu|first=chibumga|title=Do you remember the movie 'Sakobi - The Snake Girl?'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/throwbackthursday-do-you-remember-the-movie-sakobi-the-snake-girl/zjqfbt6|access-date=2024-08-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wo tun ==

* Àkójọ àwọn fíìmù Nàìjíríà ti ọdún 1998

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
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    <title>Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki</title>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>28839</id>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371380502|Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki'''(Ẹni tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kínní) jẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn àròsọ oní-ìrònú-jíjinlẹ̀ (speculative fiction), olóòtú, àti olùtẹ̀wé; òun sì ni òǹkọ̀wé aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí a bí ní Áfíríkà tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Nebula.&lt;ref name=&quot;BayView&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://sfbayview.com/2022/10/first-african-born-black-nebula-award-winner-faces-death-threats-and-a-hostile-embassy-to-attend-worldcon/ First African-born Black Nebula Award winner faces death threats &amp; hostile embassy to attend WorldCon]&quot; by Sumiko Saulson, [[San Francisco Bay View]], 13 October 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisIsAfrica2&quot;&gt;&quot;Historic Nebula winner Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki came for everything&quot; by Onai Stanely Mushava, [[This Is Africa]], 2 June 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;Ó ti gba àwọn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ bíi World Fantasy Award, British Fantasy Award, Otherwise Award, àti àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Nommo méjì; ó sì ti wà lára ​​àwọn tí ó dé ìpele ìparí fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àmì-ẹ̀yẹ mìíràn ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, títí kan àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Hugo.

Ekpeki sábà máa ń kọ̀wé nípa àléébù, ipò, àìdọ́gba àti àwọn ọ̀ràn mìíràn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìṣèlú àti ìṣèlú ìṣèlú .   Ó tún ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ náà ''afropantheology'', èyí tí ó jẹ́ oríṣi ìtàn àròsọ kan pàtó tí a “gbé kalẹ̀ láti fi ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ iṣẹ́ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà tí, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó ní àwọn èrò àròsọ, a tún fi kún àwọn òtítọ́ ẹ̀mí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà.” 

== Ìgbésí ayé ==
A bi Ekpeki ni [[Ughelli]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Delta, Nigeria.  Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa òfin ní Yunifásítì ti Èkó . 

Ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2024, ìwé ìròyìn &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwRg&quot;&gt;Locus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ròyìn pé “ẹ̀sùn ìwà àìtọ́ àti àìtọ́ nípa Ekpeki” ti di mímọ̀ ní gbangba láìpẹ́ yìí àti pé Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Ìròyìn àti Ìròyìn Ìròyìn ti yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìgbìmọ̀ àwọn olùdarí wọn. 

Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2024, ''Locus'' tẹ̀síwájú ìròyìn náà pẹ̀lú àwọn ìròyìn tuntun láti inú ''File 770'' àti The African Speculative Fiction Society, pé wọ́n rí Ekpeki ní aláìmọwọ́mẹsẹ̀ nínú àwọn ẹ̀sùn náà, lẹ́yìn àwọn ìwádìí síwájú àti àwọn ìfàsẹ́yìn.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=Jason Sanford}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2026, ó ní ìjàǹbá kan tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ pa ènìyàn tí ó jẹ́ pé ẹlẹ́ṣin Chowdeck ló fà á.   Lẹ́yìn náà, ó sọ pé òun àti ẹni tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ ẹlẹ́wọ̀n, Purity Adheke, ni wọ́n fi ṣe ewu láti ọ̀dọ̀ ilé iṣẹ́ ìtọ́jú àwọn ohun èlò. 

== Kíkọ ==
Ekpeki bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ jáde ní ọdún 2018. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìtàn ìṣáájú rẹ̀, &quot;The Witching Hour&quot;, ló gba ẹ̀bùn Nommo .  Ìwé ìtàn rẹ̀ ti ọdún 2020 '', Ife-Iyoku, Tale of Imadeyunuagbon,'' gba ẹ̀bùn Alternative Award  àti Nommo Award,  pẹ̀lú jíjẹ́ ẹni tí ó dé ìparí fún ẹ̀bùn BSFA fún ìtàn kúkúrú tí ó dára jùlọ,  Theodore Sturgeon Award,  àti Nebula Award fún Novella tí ó dára jùlọ . 

Ní ọdún 2021, wọ́n tẹ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ Ekpeki tí wọ́n pè ní &quot;O2 Arena&quot; jáde nínú ìwé ìròyìn ''Galaxy's Edge'', wọ́n sì gba ẹ̀bùn Nebula fún ìwé ìtàn tó dára jùlọ, èyí ló mú kí ó jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé aláwọ̀ dúdú ọmọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà àkọ́kọ́ tí wọ́n bu ọlá fún.  Ìwé ìtàn náà tún jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Hugo fún ìwé ìtàn tó dára jùlọ .  ''This Is Africa'' ṣàpèjúwe ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “àìlera ìṣèlú tí afẹ́fẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ ti di ohun èlò, pẹ̀lú gbogbo ìtumọ̀ ìpele.”  Ìtàn kúkúrú rẹ̀ ti ọdún 2022, &quot;Destiny Delayed&quot;, tí a tẹ̀ jáde nínú ìwé ìròyìn ''Asimov's Science Fiction'', jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Nebula Award fún Ìtàn kúkúrú tó dára jùlọ ní ọdún 2022. 

Ìwé Ekpeki àti Joshua Uchenna Omenga tí wọ́n pè ní ''Between Dystopias: The Road to Afropantheology'' dá lórí “ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa àwọn ẹ̀sìn, ọlọ́run, àti àwọn ẹ̀sìn tí wọ́n ti ṣẹ̀ wá láti Áfíríkà (àti àwọn tí wọ́n ti ṣẹ̀ wá láti Áfíríkà) àti àwọn ìmọ̀ tí wọ́n ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú wọn”.  Ìwé náà ní ìtàn mẹ́tàlá àti àròkọ mẹ́ta “tí ó ń ṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn ìlànà ìgbàgbọ́ àti àwọn ìrírí ìgbésí ayé tí ó ń fún ìtàn àròsọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ní ìmọ̀” àti “ìyàtọ̀ láàárín ojú ìwòye ìwọ̀-oòrùn àti Áfíríkà lórí ìtàn àròsọ”. 

Ìtàn àròsọ àti ìtàn àròsọ Ekpeki ti farahàn nínú ''ìwé ìròyìn Omenana'', ''Cosmic Roots àti Eldritch Shores'', ''Tor.com'', ''Strange Horizons'', ''Uncanny Magazine'', NBC àti àwọn ibòmíràn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Admin|date=2020-08-30|title=The Mannequin Challenge - By Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki - omenana.com|url=https://omenana.com/2020/08/30/the-mannequin-challenge-by-oghenechovwe-donald-ekpeki/|access-date=2026-05-21|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;      Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ African Speculative Fiction Society, Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association, Horror Writers Association, àti Codex Writers Group . 

== Ṣíṣe àtúnṣe ==
Ekpeki ti ṣe àtúnṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé àti ìwé ìròyìn, bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìwé àkójọ ìwé ti ọdún 2020 ''Dominion: Àkópọ̀ Àwọn Ìtàn Àròsọ Oníyàwòrán-ọkàn láti Áfíríkà àti láàrín Àwọn Ọmọ Áfíríkà ní Òkè-òkun'' (tí a ṣe àtúnṣe pẹ̀lú Zelda Knight ). Àkọsílẹ̀ náà gba ẹ̀bùn Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ British Fantasy fún Àkópọ̀ Àròsọ tó Dáa Jùlọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tó gba ipò ìkẹyìn fún ẹ̀bùn Locus Award ti ọdún 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=17 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; àti ẹ̀bùn This Is Horror ti ọdún 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ekpeki tún ṣe àtúnṣe ìwé ''The Year’s Best African Speculative Fiction'', ó sì tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde nípasẹ̀ ìwé ìròyìn Jembefola Press ní ọdún 2021. Ní ọdún 2022, ó ṣe àtúnṣe àti ìtẹ̀jáde ''ìwé Bridging Worlds: Global Conversations on Creating Pan-African Speculative Literature In a Pandemic'' . Àkọsílẹ̀ náà ni ó jẹ́ àṣeyọrí fún Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Locus fún Àkọsílẹ̀ Otitọ́. 

Ní ọdún 2022, ó ṣe àtúnṣe ìwé àkójọ ìwé Tor Books ''Africa Risen: A New Era of Speculative Fiction'' pẹ̀lú Sheree Renée Thomas àti Knight.  Àkọsílẹ̀ ìtàn náà gba ẹ̀bùn Locus Award ti ọdún 2023   ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó kẹ́yìn fún ẹ̀bùn NAACP Image Award ti ọdún 2023 fún iṣẹ́ ìwé tó tayọ – Ìtàn àròsọ . 

Ó tún ti ṣe àtúnṣe àwọn ìwé ìròyìn ''Invictus Quarterly'' àti ''Interstellar Flight Press'' lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan. 

Ekpeki ti jẹ́ ẹni tí ó gba ipò ìkẹyìn ní ẹ̀ka àtúnṣe fún Ẹ̀bùn Hugo fún Olóòtú Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Tí Ó Dáa Jùlọ àti Ẹ̀bùn Locus .

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn àti yíyàn ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|-
!2019
|&quot;The Witching Hour&quot;
|Nommo Award
|Short Story
| {{won}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |''Ife-Iyoku, the Tale of Imadeyunuagbon''
|Nommo Award
|Short Story
| {{longlisted}}
|
|-
|BSFA Award
|Short Fiction
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|Nebula Award
|Novella
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|Otherwise Award
|—
| {{won}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|Nommo Award
|Novella
| {{won}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Dominion: An Anthology of Speculative Fiction From Africa and the African Diaspora''
|British Fantasy Award
|Anthology
| {{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=19 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Locus Award
|Anthology
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|''Ife-Iyoku, the Tale of Imadeyunuagbon''
|Theodore Sturgeon Award
|Short fiction
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;O2 Arena&quot;
|Nebula Award
|Novelette
| {{won}}
|
|-
|Hugo Award
|Novelette
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|''The Year's Best African Speculative Fiction''
|World Fantasy Award
|Anthology
| {{won}}
|
|-
| {{n/a}}
|Hugo Award
|Editor, Short Form
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2023
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;Destiny Delayed&quot;
|Nebula Award
|Short Story
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|''Asimov's'' Readers' Award
|Short Story
| {{won}}
|
|}

== Ìwé ìtàn ==

=== Àwọn àkójọ ===

* {{Cite book|last=Ekpeki|first=Oghenechovwe Donald|title=Between Dystopias: The Road to Afropantheology|date=24 Oct 2023}}

=== Àwọn ìtàn kúkúrú àti àwọn ìwé ìtàn ===

*  
*  
*  
* {{Cite book|first=Oghenechovwe Donald|last=Ekpeki|date=28 Sep 2020|title=Slay: Stories of the Vampire Noire}}
*  
*  
* {{Cite book|last=Ihezue|first=Somto|title=[[Mothersound: The Sauútiverse Anthology]]|date=21 Nov 2023}}

=== Àwọn Àkójọ Ọ̀rọ̀ ===

* {{Cite book|date=17 Aug 2020|title=[[Dominion: An Anthology of Speculative Fiction From Africa and the African Diaspora]]}}
* {{Cite book|date=21 Sep 2021|title=[[The Year's Best African Speculative Fiction|The Year's Best African Speculative Fiction (2021)]]}}
* {{Cite book|date=21 Feb 2022|title=Bridging Worlds: Global Conversations on Creating Pan-African Speculative Literature in a Pandemic}}
* {{Cite book|access-date=Zelda Knight|title=[[Africa Risen: A New Era of Speculative Fiction]]|location=New York|date=15 Nov 2022}}

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Articles with hCards]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinelo Onwualu</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>636811</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:32:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329986456|Chinelo Onwualu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Chinelo Onwualu''' fetisi ⓘ jẹ́ olóòtú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn àròsọ .   Òun ni olùdásílẹ̀ àti olóòtú àgbà ''ìwé ìròyìn Omenana'' tẹ́lẹ̀.  Ó tún jẹ́ olùdarí-olórí ní ''Anathema Magazine'' . 

== Ìgbésí ayé àti iṣẹ́ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
A bí Onwualu ní [[Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . O da iwe ''irohin Omenana'' jọ pẹlu [[Mazi Nwonwu]] . Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, ó jẹ́ olóòtú ìwé ìròyìn ''Anathema Magazine'' àti òǹkọ̀wé òṣìṣẹ́ ní ''NPR'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/12/29/461379780/john-boyega-is-awakening-star-wars-fans-in-nigeria|title=John Boyega Is Awakening 'Star Wars' Fans In Nigeria|date=29 December 2015|last=Onwualu|first=Chinelo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ti farahàn ní ''Uncanny Magazine'', ''Slate Magazine'' àti ''Strange Horizons'' .  Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùkópa nínú ìwé àkójọpọ̀ ''New Sun'' tí ó ti gba àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò rere.  

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn àti ọlá ==
Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tí wọ́n yàn fún Àwọn Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Nommo,   o gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ British Science Fiction Award àti Short Story Day Africa Award. Ó tún wà lára ​​àwọn tó dé ìpele ìparí fún àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Ignyte Award ti ọdún 2021 lábẹ́ ẹ̀ka Community Award, pẹ̀lú Andrew Wilmot.  Ìtàn kúkúrú rẹ̀ &quot;What The Dead Man Said&quot; ni a kọ sí lára àwọn ìtàn márùn-ún tí ó kọ lẹ́yìn-A àti ìtàn dystopian láti ọwọ́ àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ará Áfíríkà láti ọwọ́ ''Tor.com'' .  Ó wà lára àwọn òǹkọ̀wé tó lọ síbi ayẹyẹ ìwé Houston ti ọdún 2021.  Ìwé rẹ̀ &quot;Ohun tí Àwọn Òkú Sọ&quot; ni wọ́n yàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àti ìtàn àròsọ tó dára jùlọ ní ọdún 2019 láti ọwọ́ ''ìwé ìròyìn The Washington Post'' . 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Àkókò Idán</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84315</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636812</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:37:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315711055|The Age of Magic]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] --&gt;|name=The Age of Magic|title_orig=|translators=|image=File:The Age of Magic.jpg|caption=First edition|authors=[[Ben Okri]]|illustrators=|cover_artist=|country=Nigeria|language=English|series=|genres=[[magic realism]]|publisher=[[Head of Zeus]]|release_date=1 January 2014|english_release_date=|oclc=|media_type=Print (hardback)|isbn=9781784081478|pages=287|preceded_by=[[Starbook]]|followed_by=The Freedom Artist}}'''''Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ The Age of Magic''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọdún 2014 tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Ben Okri]] kọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-age-of-magic-review-giving-substance-to-the-abstract-1.2356643|title=The Age of Magic review: giving substance to the abstract|journal=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/eb09e32a-634f-11e4-9a79-00144feabdc0|title='The Age of Magic', by Ben Okri|first1=Carl|last=Wilkinson|journal=Financial Times|date=7 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ &quot;Bad Sex in Fiction&quot; ní ọdún 2014.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-30307247|title=Bad Sex in Fiction: Ben Okri scoops 2014 prize|journal=BBC News|date=3 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ere Idanilaraya Alẹ Afirika kan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>636813</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:42:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368148307|An African Night's Entertainment]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=An African Night's Entertainment|release_number=|preceded_by=|congress=|oclc=|isbn=|awards=|pages=96|published=1962|publisher=African Universities Press|genres=[[Fiction]]|subjects=|series=|image=File:An_African_Night's_Entertainment_book_cover.jpg|language=English|country=[[Nigeria]]|cover_artist=|illustrators=|translators=|title_orig=|authors=[[Cyprian Ekwensi]]|alt=|caption=|followed_by=}}{{Infobox book|name=An African Night's Entertainment|release_number=|preceded_by=|congress=|oclc=|isbn=|awards=|pages=96|published=1962|publisher=African Universities Press|genre=[[Fiction]]|subject=|series=|image=File:An_African_Night's_Entertainment_book_cover.jpg|language=English|country=[[Nigeria]]|cover_artist=|illustrator=|translator=|title_orig=|author=[[Cyprian Ekwensi]]|alt=|caption=|followed_by=}}Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ kan tí a pè ní '''''An African Night’s Entertainment''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọdún 1962 tí òǹkọ̀wé [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ará Nàìjíríà]] Cyprian Ekwensi kọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ekwensi|first=Cyprian|title=An African night's entertainment|date=1996|publisher=John Murray|isbn=0-7195-7126-X|location=London|oclc=59651912}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-24|title=Remebering [sic] Cyprian Ekwensi And His Phenomenal Works|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn inú ìwé yìí wáyé ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà, ẹni tí ó sì ń sọ ọ́ jẹ́ àgbàlagbà onítàn kan. Ó sọ nípa Abu Bakir àti bí ó ṣe ń wá ọ̀nà láti gbẹ̀san lẹ́yìn tí Zainobe—ọmọbìnrin tí wọ́n ti fún un ní ìlérí ìgbéyàwó tí ó sì jẹ́ olùfẹ́ rẹ̀—finú-findọ̀ fẹ́ Mallam Shehu, ọlọ́rọ̀ oníṣòwò kan tí ó nílò ọmọ. Mallam Shehu àti Zainobe bí ọmọkùnrin kan tí wọ́n pè ní Kyauta.

Abu búra ẹ̀san, ó sì rìn kiri ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìlú àti abúlé (ó pàdánù ojú àti etí nígbà tí ó ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀) láti lè rí àwọn nǹkan tí ó nílò fún iṣẹ́ ọnà láti sọ Kyuta di aláìníláárí. Níkẹyìn, ó ṣe àṣeyọrí nínú ṣíṣe àmì náà, ó sì lò ó fún Kyuta, ẹni tí ó di ọ̀daràn tí ó ń ṣe àkóso ara ẹni, tí ó sì pa baba rẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn gbẹ́yín. Nígbà díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, Kyuta pa Abu fúnra rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ipa ìṣẹ́ náà ti di ohun ìgbàgbé.

== Àwọn Àkòrí ==
Àwọn kókó pàtàkì nínú ìwé ìtàn náà ni ìfẹ́ ọkàn, ẹ̀san àti ìgbéyàwó ọmọdé . 

== Àríyànjiyàn ==
Ìwé ìtàn náà jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀ àríyànjiyàn nígbà tí wọ́n fi ẹ̀sùn kan òǹkọ̀wé rẹ̀ Cyprian Ekwensi pé ó fi ìwé Jikin Magayi ṣe ìwé ìtàn ọdún 1934 tí Rupert East àti John Tafida Umaru kọ ní èdè Hausa ṣùgbọ́n ó gbèjà rẹ̀ pé òun fúnra òun ló tún ìtàn àròsọ kan tí mallam Hausa kan sọ fún òun nígbà kan rí.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2016-01-18|title=Could This Be Literary Fraud? Dissecting Cyprian Ekwensi's An African Night Entertainment And John Tafida's Jiki Magayi By Ibrahim Musa|url=http://saharareporters.com/2016/01/18/could-be-literary-fraud-dissecting-cyprian-ekwensi%E2%80%99s-african-night-entertainment-and-john|place=New York City, United States|accessdate=2021-08-20|journal=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>bwhzhu31bzmga4arltlc470h7xu310l</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Akata Obinrin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84317</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636814</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:44:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354732113|Akata Woman]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Akata Woman|image=File:Akata Woman.jpg|caption=First edition|alt=|author=[[Nnedi Okorafor]]|working_title=|cover_artist=Greg Ruth|country=United States|language=English|series=''The Nsibidi Scripts'' #3|subject=|genre=[[Young adult literature|Young adult]], [[fantasy]]|publisher=[[Viking Books for Young Readers|Viking Books]]|pub_date=January 18, 2022|pages=416 pp|awards=|isbn=9780451480583|oclc=1246726914|congress=PZ7.O4157 An 2022|preceded_by=[[Akata Warrior]]|media_type=Print, kindle, audio CD, audiobook|set_in=[[Aba, Nigeria]]|isbn_note=&lt;br&gt;(hardcover 1st ed.)|illustrator=Designed by Jim Hoover|dewey=813.6|audio_read_by=Nene Nwoko}}


'''''Akata Woman''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọ̀dọ́mọdé ọdún 2022 láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ará Amẹ́ríkà ti Nàìjíríà Nnedi Okorafor .   Ó jẹ́ àtẹ̀lé ìwé ''Akata Witch'' àti ''Akata Warrior'' àti ìwé kẹta nínú ìwé rẹ̀ ''The Nsibidi Script'' . Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í jáde nínú àkójọ àwọn tó tajà tó dára jùlọ ní ''New York Times'' lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n tú u jáde ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=Toni Kan}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Children's Series Books – Best Sellers – Books – The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/series-books/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìwé kejì, Sunny Nwazue, ẹni tí ó ṣàwárí pé òun jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn obìnrin Nimm Warriors, ni Udide, aláǹtakùn ńlá kan tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀, yàn láti wá ghazal tí ìyá Chichi jí kí ó sì dá padà. Tí kò bá ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, yóò dojúkọ àwọn àbájáde búburú. Sunny, Orlu, Chichi, àti Sasha yóò ní láti rìnrìn àjò lọ sí onírúurú ibi—ilẹ̀ ẹ̀mí, abúlé Nimm, àti àgbáyé ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ewéko kan náà—láti dá Udide dúró láti má ba àwọn obìnrin Nimm jẹ́.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ìwé náà ni a yàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára ìwé tí a retí jùlọ ní oṣù kíní ọdún 2022 láti ọwọ́ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé ìròyìn àti àwọn ojú-òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù ìkọ̀wé bíi ''Polygon'', ''PopSugar'', ''Book Riot'' àti ''Tor.com'' .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-31|title=Books that'll make a good read in 2022|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ó gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìtẹ́wọ́gbà rere láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn atúnyẹ̀wò nígbà tí wọ́n tú u sílẹ̀. Nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò kan tí ''Kirkus Reviews'' ṣe, ó pe ìwé ìtàn náà ní “Àfikún tó gbayì sí àwọn eré tó ń bọ̀ wá sí ọjọ́ orí tó gbọ́n”. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=AKATA WOMAN by Nnedi Okorafor review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Murad Mahvesh nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò ''Tor.com'' sọ pé &quot;Ìtàn náà kún fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó dùn, ẹ̀rù àti ìyàlẹ́nu, àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣe, Okorafor kò fi ọ̀rọ̀ àsọyé àwùjọ sílẹ̀ rárá.&quot; 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Kikoro (itan-akọọlẹ)</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365545081|Bitter (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Bitter|image=Bitter (novel).jpeg|image_size=|caption=First edition|author=[[Akwaeke Emezi]]|cover_artist=Shyama Golden|country=Nigeria|language=English|genre=[[Young adult novel]]|publisher=[[Knopf]]/Random House Children's Books|pub_date=15 February 2022|pages=272|awards=|isbn=978-0-593-30903-2|website=[https://www.akwaeke.com/bitter www.akwaeke.com/bitter]|followed_by=[[Pet (novel)|Pet]]}}


'''''Bitter''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọ̀dọ́mọdé tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Akwaeke Emezi]] kọ tí Knopf sì tẹ̀ jáde ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kejì ọdún 2022. Bítter, tó jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ sí ìwé Emezi's ''Pet'', sọ ìtàn ọmọbìnrin dúdú kan tó ń gbé ní ìlú kan tí àwọn ìwọ́de àti ìwà ipá ń yọ lẹ́nu nígbà gbogbo.

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Pupọ ninu igba ewe Bitter ni o lo ni abojuto awọn ẹlomiran ti kii ṣe obi rẹ gangan. Inu rẹ dun pupọ nigba ti wọn yan an lati darapọ mọ Eucalyptus, ile-iwe pataki kan nibi ti o ti le fi gbogbo ọkan rẹ si iṣẹ kikun aworan, pẹlu awọn ọmọde miiran ti wọn ni ẹbun ati agbara ọpọlọ ti o ga julọ. Sibẹsibẹ, awọn ifihan atako fun idajọ ododo ti o maa n waye nigbagbogbo ni ita ile-iwe rẹ maa n mu ki o ni aniyan. O maa n wa ọna abayo nipa yiya aworan awọn ẹranko ati mimu wọn wa si aye gidi. Aye kikun aworan ti o farapamọ yii n fun un ni aye lati sa fun otitọ aye, titi ti ọkan ninu awọn ẹda rẹ fi ni majele ti o si bẹrẹ si ni huwa ibi ati iwa-ipa. Bitter gbọdọ ṣe ohun gbogbo ti o le ṣe lati da ẹranko burúkú ti o ṣẹda yẹn duro.

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Nígbà tí Emezi kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ orin ''Pet'' ní ọdún 2017, wọ́n ti gbèrò láti jẹ́ ara ìwé mẹ́ta kan ṣùgbọ́n nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yín wọ́n jáwọ́ nínú èrò náà. Fún ''Bitter'', Emezi “fẹ́ kọ̀wé nípa ìyípadà ṣùgbọ́n àwùjọ” àti bí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n lè fẹ́ ran lọ́wọ́ kò ṣe nílò láti wà ní iwájú. &lt;ref name=&quot;pwinter&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|location=New York|last=Grey|first=Idris|title=Q &amp; A with Akwaeke Emezi|date=3 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
''Kirkus Reviews'' fún ìwé náà ní àtúnyẹ̀wò pàtàkì kan, nínú èyí tí wọ́n tẹnu mọ́ “ìṣòro tó wà ní àkókò” tó wà nínú ìkọ̀wé Emezi nítorí pé àwọn ohun kikọ náà gbọ́dọ̀ pinnu “ìgbà àti bí wọ́n ṣe lè hùwà nígbà tí ìwà ipá ìjọba kò bá ní ìdí, láàárín àwọn ìwà ìkà mìíràn láàárín àwùjọ.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ní àfikún, olùṣàtúnyẹ̀wò náà kíyèsí bí onírúurú àwọn ẹ̀dá oníwà ìbàjẹ́ ṣe “ń gba ìfẹ́ àti ìtìlẹ́yìn” láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn tí ó yí wọn ká.  ''Ìwé ìròyìn Publishers Weekly'' gbóríyìn fún àwọn ènìyàn náà, pàápàá jùlọ nítorí pé wọ́n ní “aṣojú láti pinnu ọjọ́ iwájú fún ara wọn àti ìlú wọn.” Wọ́n tún pe olórí ìtàn náà, Bitter, ní “ohun tí ó túbọ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìrántí fún ìṣòro rẹ̀.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|location=New York|title=Bitter|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-593-30903-2|access-date=4 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Natalie Berglind, ẹni tó ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò fún ìwé ìròyìn ''ti Ilé-iṣẹ́ fún Àwọn Ìwé Àwọn Ọmọdé'', pe ìwé ìtàn náà ní àkókò tó yẹ nítorí pé “àwọn ènìyàn dúdú ló pọ̀ jù nínú rẹ̀ àti pé àwọn ìfẹ̀hónúhàn ń pọ̀ sí i lòdì sí ayé àìṣòdodo.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Berglind tún kíyèsí bí ó ṣe gbìyànjú láti sọ̀rọ̀ nípa lílo ìwà ipá gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ọ̀nà láti da agbára tí ó ti wà fún ìgbà pípẹ́ rú” àti bí òǹkọ̀wé náà kò ṣe pèsè ìdáhùn sí àwọn ìbéèrè tí ó jọra ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀ ó ń retí láti ru “ìjíròrò onírònú sókè.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Wọ́n parí ọ̀rọ̀ wọn nípa sísọ pé “òpin náà jẹ́ òjijì” ṣùgbọ́n “ó fún ọ̀dọ́langba náà ní ìrètí tó jinlẹ̀ tí […] ó ní ìjákulẹ̀ ńláǹlà pẹ̀lú ayé tí kò bìkítà nípa ọjọ́ iwájú wọn.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Berglind|first1=Natalie|title=Bitter by Akwaeke Emezi|journal=[[Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books]]|date=Feb 2022|volume=75|issue=6|page=187|doi=10.1353/bcc.2022.0061}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Susan Harari, tó ń kọ̀wé fún Massachusetts 'Youth Services Book Review, fún un ní ìràwọ̀ márùn-ún (nínú márùn-ún) ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìwé náà fún &quot;Àwọn òǹkàwé tí wọ́n lè mọrírì ọgbọ́n Emezi tí wọ́n sì ní ìtẹ́lọ́rùn láti ṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn ìbéèrè láìsí ìdáhùn tí ó rọrùn;&quot; ó tún dámọ̀ràn pé kí àwọn ilé ìwé gíga àti àwọn ilé ìkàwé gbogbogbò gba ìwé náà. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T18:48:34Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753783|Beasts Made of Night]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Beasts Made of Night|title_orig=|translator=|image=Beasts Made of Night.jpg|caption=Beasts Made of Night|author=[[Tochi Onyebuchi]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=Nigeria|language=English|series=Made of Night|subject=|genre=Fiction, [[Fantasy]], [[Dark fantasy]]|published=2017|pages=304|isbn=978-0-448-49390-9|congress=|oclc=|preceded_by=|followed_by=Crown of Thunder|publisher=Razorbill}}Ìwé ìtàn '''''àròsọ Beast Made of Night'''''  jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ oní-ìtàn àròsọ (fantasy) fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́ tí a kọ ní ọdún 2017 láti ọwọ́ Tochi Onyebuchi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Beasts Made of Night|url=https://www.tochionyebuchi.com/books|archive-date=|access-date=2021-07-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti Amẹ́ríkà. Òun ni ìwé àkọ́kọ́ nínú àkópọ̀ ìwé méjì tí ó wáyé ní àgbáyé tí ó kún fún idán, èyí tí a gbé karí àwọn nǹkan tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú Nàìjíríà.. 

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
''Beast Made of Night'' gba àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò rere fún ìkọ́lé àti àwọn àkòrí rẹ̀. Àtúnyẹ̀wò láti ''ọ̀dọ̀ NPR'' gbé ìwé ìtàn náà ga gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn ńlá kan.  Nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò kan tí ''Kirkus'' ṣe, ó yìn ín gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàn kan tí ó “rékọjá ìtàn boom-bang, ẹ̀kọ́ ìgbàgbọ́ tí ó ń múni súni láti inú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àlá àlá—àti, ní àkókò náà, ó ń ṣẹ̀dá, ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ dàbí griot, ìtàn àròsọ dúdú tí ń jáde wá.”  ''Ìwé Time'' gba ìwé náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé ìtàn àròsọ tó dára jùlọ ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì yin iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ Onyebuchi àti ìkọ́lé rẹ̀. 

== Ẹ̀bùn ==

* Ẹ̀bùn Nommo ti ọdún 2018 fún ìwé ìtàn àròsọ tó dára ''jùlọ'' 

== Tẹ̀lé e ==
Razorbill ṣe àgbéjáde eré tó tẹ̀lé e, ''Crown of Thunder'' ní ọdún 2018. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Blackass</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369793484|Blackass]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book||name=''Blackass''|title_orig=|translator=|image=File:Blackass.jpg|caption=First edition|author=[[A. Igoni Barrett]]|cover_artist=|country=Nigeria|language=|series=|genre=|publisher=[[Chatto &amp; Windus]]|pub_date=|english_pub_date=|media_type=Print (Hardcover)|pages=|isbn=|oclc=}}

'''''Ìwé Blackass''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, A. Igoni Barrett. Wọ́n ṣe àtẹ̀jáde rẹ̀ ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2015, àti ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2016. Àwọn ènìyàn ní èrò ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ nípa rẹ̀.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Habila review&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Blackass by A Igoni Barrett review – a cocktail of Kafka and comedy|last=Habila|first=Helon|date=14 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
''Ìtàn Blackass'' jẹ́ ìtàn nípa ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin ará Nàìjíríà Furo Wariboko kan,  tó jí ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò iṣẹ́ láti rí i pé òun ti yípadà sí ọkùnrin funfun ní alẹ́ kan. Bí ó ṣe ń ṣe àtúnṣe sí ìrísí tuntun rẹ̀, ó pàdé Arinze, ẹni tí ó fún Furo ní iṣẹ́ tí ó wúlò ju bí ó ti rò lọ. 

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ìwé ''ìròyìn Financial Times'' pe ''Blackass'' ní “ohun àjèjì (àti) ohun tó wúni lórí, (...pẹ̀lú) ohun kan láti sọ fún gbogbo wa,” ó sì fi wéra ní tààràtà pẹ̀lú ìwé [[Franz Kafka|Kafka]] ’s ''The Metamorphosis'' .  Nígbà tí [[Helon Habila]] ń kọ̀wé sí ''[[The Guardian|ìwé ìròyìn The Guardian]]'', ó yin Barrett fún “agbára rẹ̀ láti fi àwọn ohun tí àwọn ènìyàn, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ará Lagos, ń lọ láti fi ara wọn hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni pàtàkì.” &lt;ref name=&quot;Habila review&quot; /&gt; Claire Fallon fún ìwé ìròyìn ''Huffington Post'' rí i pé ìwé ìtàn náà “jẹ́ èyí tí a kọ ní ọ̀nà tí kò ṣe kedere”, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jẹ́ “ẹni tí ó ní ọgbọ́n àti òye.”  Aaron Bady ti ''Okayafrica'' sọ pe o jẹ “iwe ti ko ni idariji julọ ti awọn olutẹjade Amẹrika ti tẹjade ni igba pipẹ”. 

Ní ọdún 2016, ''Blackass'' gba ẹ̀bùn ìwé ìròyìn Ile-iwe-kikọ ti Awọn Eniyan àti ẹ̀bùn ìwé ìròyìn àgbáyé ti China Foreign Literature Society ti ọ̀rúndún 21st.  Wọ́n yàn án fún ẹ̀bùn FT/OppenheimerFunds Emerging Voices àkọ́kọ́,  ẹ̀bùn PEN Open Book ti ọdún 2017,  ẹ̀bùn Kitschies Golden Tentacle ti ọdún 2015,  àti ẹ̀bùn Nommo àkọ́kọ́ fún ìwé ìtàn tó dára jùlọ.  Ní ọdún 2017, wọ́n yan ''Blackass'' fún ẹ̀bùn Hurston/Wright Legacy ní ẹ̀ka ìtàn àròsọ àkọ́kọ́.  

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339408228|The Concubine (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3561" sha1="malmu24ut72tlhb0i9crq27xn6o45m0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|name=The Concubine|title_orig=The story concerns a woman of great beauty and dignity who inadvertently brings suffering and death to all her lovers|translator=|image=File:The_Concubine_(novel).jpg|caption=|author=[[Elechi Amadi]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|series=[[African Writers Series]]|genre=[[Literary Fiction]]|publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]]|release_date=1966|media_type=Print ([[Paperback]])|pages=216 pp|isbn=|preceded_by=|followed_by=[[The Great Ponds]]}}'''&quot;The Concubine&quot;''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà, Elechi Amadi, èyí tí wọ́n kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1966 gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara àkójọ ìwé &quot;Heinemann African Writers Series&quot;.

Itan yii waye ni abule kan ti o ya sọtọ ni apa Ila-oorun Naijiria—agbegbe ti awọn aṣa ati iwa ti awọn ara Yuroopu ko tii kan, ti awujọ rẹ si wa ni eto ti o duro ṣinṣin ti a si le sọ tẹlẹ bi nkan yoo ṣe lọ. O da lori obinrin kan ti o ni &quot;ẹwa ati ọlá nla,&quot; ṣugbọn ti o fa ijiya ati iku ba gbogbo awọn ọkunrin ti o ni ibasepọ ifẹ pẹlu rẹ laimọ-ọkan.

Ìwé ìtàn náà ṣàfihàn àwùjọ kan tí àwọn ọlọ́run ìbílẹ̀ ṣì ń ṣàkóso, ó sì fi ojú ìwòye kan hàn nípa àjọṣepọ̀ ènìyàn tí irú àwùjọ bẹ́ẹ̀ ń dá sílẹ̀. 

Nígbà tí Heinemann Educational Books tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ìlú London, wọ́n yìn ''The Concubine'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí “iṣẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ṣe àṣeyọrí jùlọ” àti “iṣẹ́ ìtàn àròsọ tí ó tayọ”.   Ìwádìí àgbéyẹ̀wò lórí ìwé ìtàn náà ni Alastair Niven kọ, ẹni tí ó pè é ní: “àpẹẹrẹ bí àìsí ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n tàbí àdánwò tí ó mọ́ ṣe lè yọrí sí ìwé ìtàn tí ó rọrùn láti gbọ́... Bí ó ti fìdí múlẹ̀ ṣinṣin láàárín àwọn abúlé ọdẹ àti apẹja ní [[Niger Delta|Niger delta]], ''The Concubine'' ṣì ní àìlópin àti gbogbogbòò ti ìwé ìtàn pàtàkì kan.” 

Wọ́n ti ṣe fíìmù ''The Concubine'' sí fíìmù kan, Elechi Amadi ló kọ ọ́, olùdarí [[Nollywood]] Andy Amenechi ló sì darí rẹ̀; wọ́n ṣe fíìmù náà ní [[Àbújá|Abuja]] ní oṣù kẹta ọdún 2007. 

== Àkóónú ==
''Akọbìnrin náà'' sọ ìtàn Ihuoma, obìnrin kan tó lẹ́wà gan-an tó sì ní inú rere, tí kò dà bí ẹni pé ó ní ìbálòpọ̀ ìfẹ́, pàápàá jùlọ ìgbéyàwó nítorí pé àwọn tó fẹ́ ẹ kú lábẹ́ àwọn ipò tó yàtọ̀ síra.

Ọkọ àkọ́kọ́ Ihuoma ni Emenike tó kú lẹ́yìn tó bá Madume jà, òun náà sì fẹ́ Ihuoma fún ara rẹ̀.

Nígbà tí Madume gbìyànjú láti gba Ihuoma lọ́wọ́ nínú ìgbéyàwó, ó kùnà. Ó kú nípa síso ara rẹ̀ po lẹ́yìn tí ejò kan bu ú ní ojú.

Ẹlẹ́kẹta ni Ekwueme, ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin arẹwà kan. Nígbà tí wọ́n fi hàn pé Ihuoma jẹ́ abo-ọlọ́run òkun tí a kò lè fẹ́ ọkùnrin aláìlágbára kankan, Ekwueme pinnu láti ṣe àṣà ìtùnú fún Ọba Òkun ní òru. Ó kú nígbà tí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ Ihuoma fi ọ̀fà yìnbọn pa á ní àṣìṣe nígbà tí ó ń gbìyànjú láti gba akọ aláǹgbá pupa tí ó nílò fún àṣà náà.

== Àwọn Òṣèré ==

* Ekwuem
* Madume
* Ihuoma
* Emenike
* Ahurole
* Anyaka
* Wigwe 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>David Mogo, Godhunter</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326169525|David Mogo, Godhunter]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=David Mogo, Godhunter|title_orig=|translator=|image=File:David_Mogo,_Godhunter.jpg|caption=|author=[[Suyi Davies Okungbowa]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|series=|genre=[[Fantasy]], Godpunk|publisher=[[Abaddon Books]]|release_date=2019|media_type=|pages=|isbn=|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}

'''David Mogo, Godhunter'''Eyi ni iwe itan-akọọlẹ akọkọ lati ọwọ onkọwe ọmọ orilẹ-ede Naijiria, Suyi Davies Okungbowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Three Books for the Price of One: A Review of David Mogo, Godhunter by Suyi Davies Okungbowa – F(r)iction|url=https://frictionlit.org/a-review-of-david-mogo-godhunter-by-suyi-davies-okungbowa/|access-date=2019-10-07|website=frictionlit.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ile-iṣẹ Abaddon Books, eyiti o jẹ ẹka kan labẹ Rebellion Publishing ni Oxford, UK, lo ṣe atẹjade rẹ ni ọjọ kẹsan-an oṣu Keje ọdun 2019 ni orilẹ-ede Amẹrika, ati ni ọjọ meji lẹhin naa ni UK ati Yuroopu.

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé ìtàn yìí tẹ̀lé orúkọ ọlọ́run tí a mọ̀ sí “demigow”, ẹni tí ó tún jẹ́ ọdẹ ọlọ́run, bí ó ṣe ń rìn kiri ní òpópónà ìlú ìbílẹ̀ Okungbowa ní Èkó, Nàìjíríà, lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan tí a pè ní The Falling níbi tí ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún [[Òrìṣà|àwọn òrìṣà]] ti ṣubú sí ìlú náà.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ìwé ìtàn náà gba ìtẹ́wọ́gbà tó dára, pẹ̀lú àwọn ibi bíi ''WIRED'' tí wọ́n ń sọ̀rọ̀ nípa rẹ̀ pé, “ọ̀pọ̀ ìwé ni wọ́n ti pè ní ‘godpunk’, ṣùgbọ́n ìwé ìtàn Suyi Davies Okungbowa lè jẹ́ ìwé tí kò dára fún ẹ̀yà ara ìwé náà,”  nígbà tí ''Publishers Weekly'' mẹ́nu kàn án pé “ìtàn yìí dùn mọ́ni, àwọn òǹkàwé tí wọ́n sì gbádùn ìtàn àròsọ tí kì í ṣe ti ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ìtàn àròsọ, àti ìtàn ìdílé tí wọ́n rí yóò rí i pé ó dùn mọ́ni.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2019-08-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, a mẹ́nu ba àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àríwísí nípa ìṣètò ìtàn náà, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ní apá mẹ́ta, tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jọ àkójọ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ. Giancarlo Riccobon ti F(r)iction pè é ní &quot;ìwé mẹ́ta fún iye owó kan&quot;  ) àti bí a ṣe ń tọ́jú àwọn kan lára àwọn ohun kikọ kéékèèké. Ṣùgbọ́n ní gbogbogbòò, gbogbo èrò náà ni pé ohùn òǹkọ̀wé náà jẹ́ tuntun tí a sì gbà, pàápàá jùlọ nínú ẹ̀yà-ìwé aláwọ̀ funfun tí ó ní agbára lórí.

“Àròsọ ìlú Amẹ́ríkà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí irú ìtàn àtijọ́ èyíkéyìí, lè di ohun tí a lè sọ tẹ́lẹ̀,” LEH Light of ''BlackNerdProblems'' sọ nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò gígùn àti rere kan.  &quot; ''David Mogo, Godhunter'' kò jẹ́ nǹkan míì.&quot;

Ni Oṣu Kẹwa Ọdun 2020, ''David Mogo, Godhunter'' ni a kede gẹgẹ bi olubori ti Aami Eye Nommo 2020 fun Aramada Apejuwe Ti o dara julọ nipasẹ ọmọ Afirika kan (Eye Ilube).  

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn ==
Ẹ̀bùn Nommo ti ọdún 2020 fún ìwé ìtàn àròsọ tó dára jùlọ láti ọwọ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà kan (Ilube Award), ''ló gba.'' 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ó ń tàn yanranyanran (ìtàn tuntun)</title>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1252134514|Dazzling (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Dazzling|image=File:Dazzling_(novel).jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=|author=[[Chikodili Emelumadu]]|audio_read_by=|translator=|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=United Kingdom|language=English|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|set_in=Nigeria|publisher=Wildfire|pub_date=14 February 2023|media_type=Print ([[paperback]])|pages=368|awards=|isbn=9781472289650|oclc=|dewey=|notes=}}


'''''Dazzling''''' Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọdún 2023 kan ni èyí, tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Chikodili Emelumadu, kọ, tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Wildfire sì tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/life-arts/book-review-two-nigerian-girls-come-of-age-in-dazzlings-overreaching-jumble-of-real-and-otherworld/|title=Book review: Two Nigerian girls come of age in Dazzling’s overreaching jumble of real and otherworldly experiences|first=Niamh|last=Donnelly|date=14 February 2023|access-date=27 August 2023|website=[[Business Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=''Dazzling'' by Chikodili Emelumadu review – an otherworldly vision of Nigeria|url=https://theguardian.com/books/2023/mar/11/dazzling-by-chikodili-emelumadu-review-an-otherworldly-vision-of-nigeria|first=Percy|last=Zvomuya|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 August 2023|date=11 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé náà dá lórí Treasure, ẹni tí ó ti fẹ́ ẹ̀mí kan, àti Ozoemena, ẹni tí wọ́n gbà wọlé sínú ẹgbẹ́ 'Leopard Society' (Ẹgbẹ́ Amọ̀tẹ́kùn); ẹgbẹ́ yìí sì fún un ní agbára láti ní ìsopọ̀ pàtàkì pẹ̀lú òrìṣà obìnrin àwọn ọmọ Igbo, ìyẹn Idemili. Wọ́n gbé iṣẹ́ lé Ozoemena lọ́wọ́ láti wá ọ̀nà láti so ẹ̀mí Amọ̀tẹ́kùn tí ó wà nínú ara rẹ̀ pọ̀ mọ́ nǹkan kan tí yóò mú kí ó dúró ṣinṣin. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753825|Forged by Blood]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Forged by Blood|image=Forged_by_Blood_cover.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=The cover at for ''Forged by Blood''|author=[[Ehigbor Okosun]]|audio_read_by=|translator=|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=Nigeria|language=English|genre=[[Fantasy]]|set_in=Nigeria|publisher=Harper Voyage|pub_date=8 August 2023|media_type=Print ([[hardback]], [[paperback]]), eBook|pages=400|awards=|isbn=978-0-06-311262-9|oclc=|series=The Tinted Blood|notes=}}


Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba '''''tí a kọ ní''''' ọdún 2023 láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ará Nàìjíríà Ehigbor Okosun, tí Harper Voyage sì tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2023. Ìwé ìtàn náà, ìwé àkọ́kọ́ tí Okosun kọ àti ìwé àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìwé àkọ́kọ́ tí a gbèrò láti kọ, tẹ̀lé Dèmi tí ó jí ọmọ-aládé ìjọba Ife gbé láti lè ṣe àdéhùn láti tú ọmọ-aládé rẹ̀ Oluso sílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ ìnilára.

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Wọ́n bí Dèmi ní àkókò ìjọba aláìláàánú ti ọba kan tí ó kórìíra oṣó àti àwọn tí ń ṣe iṣẹ́ oṣó; Dèmi àti ìyá rẹ̀ (tí wọ́n jẹ́ ti ẹ̀yà Oluso) máa ń fi ara wọn pamọ́ bíi pé àwọn jẹ́ Aje kí wọ́n lè máa ran àwọn ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ ní ìkọ̀kọ̀. Wọ́n pa ìyá Dèmi lẹ́yìn tí ó ti wo ọmọkùnrin obìnrin Aje kan sàn; obìnrin náà ló sì fi wọ́n hàn nítorí pé ó bẹ̀rù agbára oṣó àwọn Oluso. Dèmi, tí ó ti di ọmọ òtòṣì aláìní òbí báyìí, ní ìfẹ́ ọkàn láti gbẹ̀san, ó sì fi ara rẹ̀ pamọ́; ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún mẹ́sàn-án lẹ́yìn náà, Lord Ekwenski gba iṣẹ́ lé e lọ́wọ́ láti kópa nínú jíjí ọmọ ọba gbé kí ó lè ní ohun tí yóò fi bá ọba dúnàádúnàá—ìyẹn ni láti jẹ́ kí Lord Ekwenski wọ inú ìgbìmọ̀ ọba, kí ó sì tún mú òpin bá ìṣe-ẹrú tí àwọn Oluso ń jìyà rẹ̀.

== Àwọn Òṣèré ==

* '''Dèmi''' — ohun kikọ pàtàkì
* '''Jonas''' — ọmọ-aládé adé
* '''Colin''' — Ọ̀rẹ́ tímọ́tímọ́ Dèmi
* '''Oluwa Ekwenski''' — olóṣèlú kan tó fẹ́ dara pọ̀ mọ́ ìgbìmọ̀ ọba
* '''Edinard''' — ọba

== Ìtàn ìpìlẹ̀ àti ìtàn ìtẹ̀jáde ==
[[Fáìlì:Ehigbor_Okosun_2023_Texas_Book_Festival.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px| Okosun ní Àjọyọ̀ Ìwé Texas ti ọdún 2023]]
Okosun kọ ìwé àfọwọ́kọ ìwé ìtàn náà lẹ́yìn ìsinmi díẹ̀ láti ilé ìwé gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà ìdààmú ọkàn. &lt;ref name=&quot;Write&quot; /&gt; Ó kọ ìwé àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2016, ó sì “tún ṣe é” ní ọdún 2019 kí ó tó ta ìwé náà fún Harper Voyage ní ọdún 2020. 

Okosun gba ìmísí láti inú ìtàn àròsọ Nàìjíríà (pàápàá ìtàn àròsọ Yorùbá) fún àwọn ibi tí ìwé ìtàn rẹ̀ wà. 

Wọ́n tẹ̀ ''ìwé Forged by Blood'' jáde ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2023 láti ọwọ́ Harper Voyage, pẹ̀lú ìjàkadì òṣèlú, ẹ̀yà, ẹgbẹ́ àti ìnilára tí ó jẹ́ kókó pàtàkì rẹ̀. 

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Wọ́n gba ìyìn fún Forged by Blood. Ó gba àtúnyẹ̀wò tó gbajúmọ̀ láti ''ọ̀dọ̀ Publishers Weekly''  àti ''Booklist'' .  Ẹni àkọ́kọ́ gbóríyìn fún “Ìgbékalẹ̀ ayé tí Okosun ṣe jẹ́ èyí tí ó kún fún àwọn kúlẹ̀kúlẹ̀ àti tí a kọ́ ní ọ̀nà tí ó yẹ,” ó sọ pé “àbájáde rẹ̀ jẹ́ àtúnṣe ojú ìwé àtilẹ̀wá tí ó yanilẹ́nu tí yóò mú kí àwọn òǹkàwé máa retí ìwé kejì pẹ̀lú ìtara.” &lt;ref name=&quot;Week&quot; /&gt; Emily Whitmore tí ó ń ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ní ''Booklist'' gbóríyìn fún “ìkọ́lé ayé àti àwọn ìṣòro ìṣèlú” tí àwọn òǹkàwé yóò gbádùn. &lt;ref name=&quot;Book&quot; /&gt; Leigh Verburg tó ń kọ̀wé fún ''Library Journal'' gbóríyìn fún “ìrìn àjò oníyára tí àwọn olùfẹ́ Rebecca Ross àti [[Tomi Adeyemi]] yóò gbádùn.” 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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{{Infobox book|country=United Kingdom}}

Ìwé ìtàn àkọ́kọ́ tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì [[Helen Oyeyemi]] kọ ni '''''The Icarus Girl''''', tí Bloomsbury sì tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2005. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Helen Oyeyemi: 'My characters changed my mind'|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a27d1141-f6a6-4607-82d1-06bfd65245ca|access-date=2022-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ìtàn náà dá lórí Jessamy &quot;Jess&quot; Harrison, ọmọbìnrin ọlọ́dún mẹ́jọ kan tí bàbá rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, tí ìyá rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. 

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Oyeyemi kọ ìwé ìtàn ẹ̀rù nígbà tí ó wà ní ọmọ ọdún méjìdínlógún nígbà tí ó ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ fún ipele A rẹ̀ ní Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=18 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ó kọ ìwé náà lórí kọ̀ǹpútà àwọn òbí rẹ̀ ní ìparí ọ̀sẹ̀, lẹ́yìn ilé ìwé àti ní àárín òru. 

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ìwé ìròyìn *The New York Times* sọ nípa ìwé ìtàn àròsọ yìí pé: &quot;Ó tọ́ sí gbogbo ìyìn tí ó ń gbà; èyí jẹ́ ìwé àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ pẹ̀lú ọgbọ́n àgbàyanu—ó sì jẹ́ ìtàn tó kún fún ìbẹ̀rù àti àlá burúkú tí yóò máa wà lọ́kàn àwọn òǹkàwé Oyeyemi fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ oṣù tí ń bọ̀.&quot;[1] Ali Smith, nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ fún ìwé ìròyìn *The Guardian*, ṣàkíyèsí pé: &quot;Ohun tó mú kí ìtàn *The Icarus Girl* ní ìparí tó kún fún ìbànújẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yẹ́ sílẹ̀ ni bí ìgbà èwe ṣe máa ń fọ́ túútúú nígbà tí ènìyàn bá kọjú sí ìpele ìgbà tí ó ti dàgbà; àìní-ìtùnú tó wà nínú ayọ̀ àti ìmọ́lẹ̀ ìgbà èwe gan-an ni kókó ọ̀rọ̀ ìwé àròsọ yìí, èyí tí ó jẹ́ àrà ọ̀tọ̀ nítorí bí ó ṣe kún fún àwọn nǹkan tó yani lẹ́nu—yálà nípa bí ó ṣe le koko tàbí bí ó ṣe ní ohùn tó kún fún ayọ̀... Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó dàbí ẹni pé ó kàn tún àwọn èrò inú tó rọrùn kọ ni, ìwé yìí lọ jinlẹ̀ ju pé kí ó kàn túmọ̀ bí ènìyàn ṣe lè pàdánù àṣà tàbí ipò rẹ̀ lọ; ó ń fi hàn pé kò sí irú ìgbà èwe kankan tí ó wà ní ipò déédé tàbí kí ó rọrùn pátápátá, àti pé àwọn ìṣòro tàbí ìforígbárí láàrin àwọn òbí àti àwọn ọmọ yóò ní ipa tó lágbára lórí rẹ, yálà o jẹ́ òbí tàbí o jẹ́ ọmọ.&quot;  ''Àwọn Publishers Weekly'' sọ pé: “Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó ní ìmọ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ tó, àwọn àkíyèsí Jess ọmọ ọdún mẹ́jọ fúnni ní àfiyèsí tó kéré, nígbà míìrán, ìtàn àròsọ inú ìwé náà máa ń yí padà sí agbègbè ìdààmú àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba.”  ''Kirkus Reviews'' sọ pé: “Láti ojú ìwòye Jess, eré onímọ̀-ọkàn tó lágbára yìí máa ń di ohun tó ń tún ara rẹ̀ ṣe, kò sì lè máa gbé ohùn àgbàlagbà ró nígbà gbogbo. Ìparí kan ní Nàìjíríà gbìyànjú láti so ayé mẹ́ta Jess pọ̀—àwọn ohun tó jẹ́ ti gidi, àwọn ohun tó jẹ́ ti ẹ̀mí àti “Igbó”—ṣùgbọ́n kò gbà tàbí yanjú ìtàn tó ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nǹkan ṣùgbọ́n tí kò ní ìwọ́ntúnwọ́nsì nínú ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ.” 

Wọ́n yan ìwé ìtàn náà fún ẹ̀bùn Alternative Award ní ọdún 2005.   Ní UK, ''The Icarus Girl'' ti ta ẹ̀dà 20,799 nínú ìwé onípele nípasẹ̀ ọjà oníbàárà gbogbogbò ti Nielsen BookScan ti UK, ní ọdún 2020. 

== Wo tun ==

* [[Abiku]]

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ife-Iyoku, the Tale of Imadeyuagbon</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355395407|Ife-Iyoku, the Tale of Imadeyunuagbon]]&quot;</comment>
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{{infobox book||name=Ife-Iyoku, the Tale of Imadeyunuagbon|title_orig=|translator=|image=|caption=|author=[[Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|series=''Dominion: An Anthology of Speculative Fiction from Africa and the African Diaspora''|release_number=5|genre=[[Fantasy]]/[[Science fiction]]|publisher=Aurelia Leo|pub_date=17 August 2020|english_pub_date=|media_type=Print ([[Paperback]]), E-book|pages=|dewey=|awards=[[Otherwise Award]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Nommo Award]]|isbn=|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}


'''''Ife-Iyoku, the Tale of Imadeyunuagbon''''' Jẹ́ ìtàn àròsọ kúkúrú oní-ìtàn-àròsọ (fantasy) láti ọwọ́ Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki, òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà tí ó máa ń kọ irúfẹ́ àwọn ìtàn bẹ́ẹ̀.A kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ''Selene Quarterly'' ní oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2019, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=4 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; a sì tún tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde nínú ''ìwé Dominion: An Anthology of Speculative Fiction From Africa and the African Diaspora,'' èyí tí Aurelia Leo tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2020. Ìwé ìtàn náà gba àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò pàtàkì.   

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ayé lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìparun ayé pàápàá lẹ́yìn ogun àgbáyé kan. Lẹ́yìn ogun náà, àwọn ohun tí ó kù ní [[Áfríkà|Áfíríkà]] fìdí kalẹ̀ sí Ife-Iyoku, ibì kan ní Ilẹ̀ Ọba Oyo.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Wọ́n yàn án fún ẹ̀bùn Nebula fún Novella tó dára jùlọ .  Wọ́n tún yan án fún ẹ̀bùn Theodore Sturgeon   Wọ́n tún yan án fún ẹ̀bùn BSFA .   Ó gba Ẹ̀bùn Olódì ti ọdún 2020   àti Ẹ̀bùn Nommo ti ọdún 2021 fún Novella Tó Dáa Jùlọ. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Jagunjagun Afẹ́fẹ́</title>
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        <id>28839</id>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753960|Warrior of the Wind]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Jagunjagun ti Afẹfẹ'''''  jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ oní-ìrònú-ijìnlẹ̀ ti ọdún 2023, tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Suyi Davies Okungbowa, kọ. Ó jẹ́ ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwé 'Son of the Storm', àti ìwé kejì nínú àwọn ìwé tí ó wà lábẹ́ àkòrí 'Nameless Republic'.  

Wọ́n yàn án fún àwọn ẹ̀bùn Nommo ti ọdún 2024. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ìwé Ìràwọ̀</title>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357690418|Starbook]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Starbook|title_orig=|translator=|image=File:StarbookNovel.jpg|caption=First edition|author=[[Ben Okri]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=|language=English|series=|genre=|publisher=[[Rider (imprint)|Rider]]|release_date=16 August 2007|media_type=Print ([[Hardback]])|pages=384|isbn=978-1-84604-082-5|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}'''Ìwé Starbook''', ti a fun ni akọle abẹ-rẹ pe &quot;Itan Iyanu ti Ifẹ ati Atunbi&quot;, jẹ aramada ti a kọ ni ọdun 2007 nipasẹ Ben Okri, akọwi ati onkọwe aramada ọmọ orilẹ-ede Naijiria.

== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==

; Àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò

* [https://sabookworm.blogspot.com/2007/11/bookworm-book-of-week_25.html &quot;Àtúnyẹ̀wò Bookworm: Starbook&quot;], ''SA bookworm'' (Gúúsù Áfíríkà), 25 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2007
* Ben Brown, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/aug/19/fiction.benokri &quot;Ní ọjọ́ kan ọmọ-aládé rẹ̀ yóò dé&quot;], ''The Observer'' (UK), 19 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2007.
* Elspeth Sandys, [http://www.listener.co.nz/culture/books/falling-star/ &quot;Ìràwọ̀ Tí Ń Falling&quot; (àtúnyẹ̀wò)], ''The Listener'' (New Zealand), 1 Oṣù Kejìlá 2007.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Somadina (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366138562|Somadina (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|author=[[Akwaeke Emezi]]|language=English|genre=Young Adult (YA) Fantasy and Magical Realism|publisher=[[Knopf Books for Young Readers]]|pub_date=April 15, 2025|media_type=Print, e-book, audiobook|pub_place=[[New York City|New York]]|pages=304|isbn=9780593309100}}

 
'''Somadina''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ti ọdún 2025 fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́, èyí tí ó dá lórí àròsọ oní-ìtàn-àròsọ àti àwọn ohun ìyanu tí ó dàbí òtítọ́ (magical realism); Akwaeke Emezi, òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ló kọ ọ́. Ilé-iṣẹ́ Knopf Books for Young Readers ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà àti Faber and Faber ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ló tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2025-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn yìí tẹ̀lé Somadina ọ̀dọ́langba àti ìbejì rẹ̀ ọkùnrin, Jayaike, tí wọ́n ní àjọṣepọ̀ tó jinlẹ̀, tí wọ́n sábà máa ń parí gbólóhùn ara wọn, tí wọ́n sì wà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdajì méjì gbogbo. Wọ́n tún ní irú agbára àrà ọ̀tọ̀ kan náà. Nígbà tí wọ́n jí Jayaike gbé, Somadina bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìrìn àjò láti wá a rí, kódà bí ó bá tilẹ̀ túmọ̀ sí wíwá kiri inú igbó mímọ́ àti ilẹ̀ ayé mìíràn tí ó wà ní ìta, gbogbo rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ń kọ́ bí a ṣe ń rìn kiri nínú agbára tuntun tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rí.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2026-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìtàn náà tún jẹ́ kí ó túbọ̀ kún fún èrò àwọn onímọ̀ nípa àwọn ènìyàn àjèjì bíi Emezi. Nípasẹ̀ ìrírí Somadina, Jayaike, àti Uwafulamiro, ìtàn náà ṣàyẹ̀wò ìkọ̀sílẹ̀, ìyọkúrò, àti àwọn nǹkan míìrán, ó fún àwọn òǹkàwé ní ìrònú tó ń múni ronú jinlẹ̀ lórí bí àwùjọ ṣe máa ń ṣe sí àwọn tí a kà sí &quot;àwọn àṣà tó yàtọ̀&quot; tàbí àwọn àṣà tí a gbà láti òde. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2026-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Nígbà tí Alex Brown ń kọ̀wé fún Locus Magazine, ó ṣàpèjúwe ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ó jẹ́ àmì iṣẹ́ Emezi, tí ó ní ìtàn alárinrin, orin àti ìtàn àròsọ tí ó ṣe kedere, tí ó sì yàtọ̀. Brown ṣe àkíyèsí pé, “nínú ìtẹ̀jáde tí ó ní oríṣiríṣi ìtàn àròsọ ìfẹ́ àti ìtàn àròsọ tí ó ní àwọn ọ̀dọ́langba àgbà nínú, ó hàn gbangba gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tuntun àti ohun àjèjì.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2026-01-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Kirkus Reviews'' ṣàpèjúwe ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “iṣẹ́ ìyanu wà ní gbogbo igun ìtàn aládùn, bí kò bá tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó gbòòrò déédé,” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/akwaeke-emezi/somadina/|title=Sọmadịna {{!}} Kirkus Reviews|language=en|access-date=23 June 2025|archive-date=14 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; nígbà tí Alexandra Quay, tó ń kọ̀wé fún School Library Journal, fi wé àwọn ìwé Nsibidi Scripts ti Nnedi Okorafor ( Akata trilogy ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2026-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn ==
Orísun &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

* Wọ́n yàn án fún ẹ̀bùn ìwé kíkà ti Pennsylvania Keystone ti ọdún 2027 
* A yan án fún ìwé tó dára jùlọ nínú àwọn ìwé tó dára jùlọ ní ilé ìkàwé gbogbogbò Chicago ti ọdún 2026 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://chipublib.bibliocommons.com/v2/record/S126C2631893|title=Sọmadịna|location=New York|archive-date=2026-02-17|access-date=2026-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ikenga (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
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        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354731717|Ikenga (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|country=Nigeria|website=}}

Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ onípele àárín ọdún 2020 tí òǹkọ̀wé ará Amẹ́ríkà ará Nàìjíríà, Nnedi Okorafor, kọ ní '''''Ikenga''''' ni. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1225190265|title=IKENGA.}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.bookishfirst.com/books/ikenga|title=Ikenga - Nnedi Okorafor {{!}} BookishFirst}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Eyi ni iwe akọkọ ti Okorafor ti akọni rẹ jẹ ọkunrin, a si yan an fun ami-eye Edgar ti ọdun 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Edgar Award Winners and Nominees|url=http://www.theedgars.com/nominees.html#juv|access-date=2021-08-28|website=www.theedgars.com|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307172053/http://www.theedgars.com/nominees.html#juv|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Iwe naa sọ itan Nnamdi, ọmọkunrin kan ti o le lo awọn agbara ti o kọja ti eniyan deede pẹlu iranlọwọ Ikenga. 

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Okorafor sọ pé òun bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ ìwé àkọ́kọ́ ìwé ìtàn náà ní ọdún 2009, òun sì gbé e kalẹ̀ lórí ìtàn àròsọ Nàìjíríà àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Igbo ní ti ìtọ́kasí sí ọlọ́run Igbó Ikenga . 

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ní ìlú Kaleria, ìlú àròsọ kan ní Nàìjíríà òde òní, baba Nnamdi, tí ó jẹ́ olórí ọlọ́pàá tí a mọ̀ fún mímú àwọn ọ̀daràn ni ẹgbẹ́ kan tí a gbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ Olórí Àwọn Olóyè pa, ọmọ rẹ̀ Nnamdi sì ṣèlérí láti gbẹ̀san rẹ̀.

Ní ọjọ́ ayẹyẹ ìrántí baba rẹ̀, ẹ̀mí baba rẹ̀ farahàn láìpẹ́, ó sì fún un ní ẹ̀bùn ère kékeré kan tí a mọ̀ sí Ikenga, èyí tí ó lè yí Nnamdi padà sí ènìyàn dúdú ńlá kan pẹ̀lú agbára àti ìbínú tí ó ju ti ènìyàn lọ, tí ìwé ìròyìn ń pè ní Ọkùnrin náà. Pẹ̀lú agbára tuntun tí ó ní, ó di ọlọ́pàá, ó sì mú àwọn ọ̀daràn eléwu Kaleria, títí kan àwọn olórí àwọn olóyè.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ìwé náà gba àwọn ìdáhùn rere  pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn New York Times tí wọ́n ń yin àwọn ènìyàn tí Okorafor kọ.  Ìwé ìròyìn Ilé-ìkàwé Ilé-ìwé nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò kan tí àwọn olókìkí kọ sọ pé &quot;ìtàn ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ akọni tuntun yìí ń fúnni ní ìwòye sí àwọn agbára òjìji àti àìlóye tí a fi fún ọmọ lójijì&quot;. 

Kirkus Review sọ pé ó jẹ́ “àròjinlẹ̀ ìpànìyàn àárín àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ tí a kò lè gbàgbé.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/nnedi-okorafor/ikenga/|title=IKENGA {{!}} Kirkus Reviews|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ẹ̀bùn àti ìdámọ̀ ==

* Nominated for the 2021 Edgar Award for Best Juvenile&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2012-03-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Amazon Best Children Book of 2020
* NPR Best Book of the Year&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315711074|Songs of Enchantment]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] --&gt;|country=Nigeria|language=English}}

'''''Orin Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́''' j''ẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Ben Okri; òun ni ìwé kejì nínú àkójọ ìwé mẹ́ta tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú 'The Famished Road' (1991) tí ó sì tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú 'Infinite Riches' (1998). Ilé-iṣẹ́ Doubleday ló tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ìlú London ní ọdún 1993.   

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369971065|Bag]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi aṣọ, awọ, igi oparun, [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí ike ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, owú, tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ Norse ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú Proto-Indo-European bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.</text>
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'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.</text>
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'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]</text>
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'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.
 Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ [[Bronze Age]], ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
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      <comment>/* Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4334" sha1="lqxuke42t6u0bj3pxnpighp7okdd7y4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ [[Bronze Age]], ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.</text>
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      <text bytes="5094" sha1="dcn3mrmggvw6x0kf2gszjswnfadns2v" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ [[Bronze Age]], ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko [[plant fibre]]s. Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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        <id>31612</id>
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      <text bytes="5676" sha1="gbnu72oi6x3z3fl8d8v0h4qoenr5uea" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ [[Bronze Age]], ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko [[plant fibre]]s. Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="7350" sha1="l1t80duwtlct9qnw11ts6pc6zwa2btd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ [[Bronze Age]], ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko [[plant fibre]]s. Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe [[Renaissance]], àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="8347" sha1="kf70ohvvfosuac7bzev3n25e4pyhl6s" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ [[Bronze Age]], ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko [[plant fibre]]s. Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe [[Renaissance]], àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ onílẹ̀ gangan láti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí wọ́n ó padà di ẹ̀yà United States àti Canada ṣe ''[[parfleche]]'', tí ó jẹ́ àpò tàbí ibi tí èyàn lè kó ǹkan sì ti wọn fi awọ Ẹfọ̀n ṣe tí wọ́n sì paà ni aró òsó.

Ìwúlò àpò yí ni lati ko àwọn ẹrú wọn sì, bóyá ni igba ti wọn n bá kúrò láti ibìkan sì ibikan tàbí tí wọ́n bá tèdó sí ibikan. Àpò parfleche yí ni àwọn obìnrin ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́bi isé-ọ́nà tí òun fi àmì wọn hàn. Àwọn Àmì wọn yí òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwòye àwọn ará ìlú yí tí ó sì lè yàtò sì ti àgbègbè mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=America |date=2020 |title=PARFLECHES: How Native Women Pushed the Envelope of Abstraction |url=https://firstamericanartmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/faam26_34_parfleches.pdf |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=First American Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ [[Bronze Age]], ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko [[plant fibre]]s. Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe [[Renaissance]], àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ onílẹ̀ gangan láti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí wọ́n ó padà di ẹ̀yà United States àti Canada ṣe ''[[parfleche]]'', tí ó jẹ́ àpò tàbí ibi tí èyàn lè kó ǹkan sì ti wọn fi awọ Ẹfọ̀n ṣe tí wọ́n sì paà ni aró òsó.

Ìwúlò àpò yí ni lati ko àwọn ẹrú wọn sì, bóyá ni igba ti wọn n bá kúrò láti ibìkan sì ibikan tàbí tí wọ́n bá tèdó sí ibikan. Àpò parfleche yí ni àwọn obìnrin ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́bi isé-ọ́nà tí òun fi àmì wọn hàn. Àwọn Àmì wọn yí òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwòye àwọn ará ìlú yí tí ó sì lè yàtò sì ti àgbègbè mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=America |date=2020 |title=PARFLECHES: How Native Women Pushed the Envelope of Abstraction |url=https://firstamericanartmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/faam26_34_parfleches.pdf |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=First American Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àpò Ìgbàlódé ==

[[File:Burberry handbag.jpg|thumb|A [[tote bag]]]]
[[File:Pouch, Arapaho (Native American), Late 19th or early 20th cent., 08.434.jpg|thumb|''Pouch'', [[Arapaho]] (Native American), late 19th or early 20th century, [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8655" sha1="99dy9jbe9lcrdhix6vuuwwrfsk8espt" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ [[Bronze Age]], ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko [[plant fibre]]s. Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe [[Renaissance]], àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ onílẹ̀ gangan láti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí wọ́n ó padà di ẹ̀yà United States àti Canada ṣe ''[[parfleche]]'', tí ó jẹ́ àpò tàbí ibi tí èyàn lè kó ǹkan sì ti wọn fi awọ Ẹfọ̀n ṣe tí wọ́n sì paà ni aró òsó.

Ìwúlò àpò yí ni lati ko àwọn ẹrú wọn sì, bóyá ni igba ti wọn n bá kúrò láti ibìkan sì ibikan tàbí tí wọ́n bá tèdó sí ibikan. Àpò parfleche yí ni àwọn obìnrin ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́bi isé-ọ́nà tí òun fi àmì wọn hàn. Àwọn Àmì wọn yí òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwòye àwọn ará ìlú yí tí ó sì lè yàtò sì ti àgbègbè mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=America |date=2020 |title=PARFLECHES: How Native Women Pushed the Envelope of Abstraction |url=https://firstamericanartmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/faam26_34_parfleches.pdf |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=First American Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àpò Ìgbàlódé ==

[[File:Burberry handbag.jpg|thumb|A [[:en:Tote_bag|tote bag]]]]
[[File:Pouch, Arapaho (Native American), Late 19th or early 20th cent., 08.434.jpg|thumb|''Pouch'', [[:en:Arapaho|Arapaho]] (Native American), late 19th or early 20th century, [[:en:Brooklyn_Museum|Brooklyn Museum]]]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8741" sha1="obgh5mt0ub018av7stkv29xj0uz7rlr" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[:en:Egyptian_hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ ( [[:en:Bronze_Age|Bronze Age]]) , ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[:en:Xiaohe_Cemetery|Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[:en:Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[:en:Dillybag|dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[:en:Australian_Aboriginal|Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko [[plant fibre]]s. Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe [[Renaissance]], àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ onílẹ̀ gangan láti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí wọ́n ó padà di ẹ̀yà United States àti Canada ṣe ''[[parfleche]]'', tí ó jẹ́ àpò tàbí ibi tí èyàn lè kó ǹkan sì ti wọn fi awọ Ẹfọ̀n ṣe tí wọ́n sì paà ni aró òsó.

Ìwúlò àpò yí ni lati ko àwọn ẹrú wọn sì, bóyá ni igba ti wọn n bá kúrò láti ibìkan sì ibikan tàbí tí wọ́n bá tèdó sí ibikan. Àpò parfleche yí ni àwọn obìnrin ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́bi isé-ọ́nà tí òun fi àmì wọn hàn. Àwọn Àmì wọn yí òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwòye àwọn ará ìlú yí tí ó sì lè yàtò sì ti àgbègbè mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=America |date=2020 |title=PARFLECHES: How Native Women Pushed the Envelope of Abstraction |url=https://firstamericanartmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/faam26_34_parfleches.pdf |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=First American Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àpò Ìgbàlódé ==

[[File:Burberry handbag.jpg|thumb|A [[:en:Tote_bag|tote bag]]]]
[[File:Pouch, Arapaho (Native American), Late 19th or early 20th cent., 08.434.jpg|thumb|''Pouch'', [[:en:Arapaho|Arapaho]] (Native American), late 19th or early 20th century, [[:en:Brooklyn_Museum|Brooklyn Museum]]]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8816" sha1="2cmqpbffjtvrd5e7854679ue6gejumf" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[:en:Egyptian_hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ ( [[:en:Bronze_Age|Bronze Age]]) , ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[:en:Xiaohe_Cemetery|Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[:en:Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[:en:Dillybag|dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[:en:Australian_Aboriginal|Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko ( [[:en:Plant_fibre|plant fibres]]) . Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[:en:Ancient_China|Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[:en:Tang_dynasty|Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe ( [[:en:Renaissance|Renaissance]]) , àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ onílẹ̀ gangan láti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí wọ́n ó padà di ẹ̀yà United States àti Canada ṣe ''[[parfleche]]'', tí ó jẹ́ àpò tàbí ibi tí èyàn lè kó ǹkan sì ti wọn fi awọ Ẹfọ̀n ṣe tí wọ́n sì paà ni aró òsó.

Ìwúlò àpò yí ni lati ko àwọn ẹrú wọn sì, bóyá ni igba ti wọn n bá kúrò láti ibìkan sì ibikan tàbí tí wọ́n bá tèdó sí ibikan. Àpò parfleche yí ni àwọn obìnrin ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́bi isé-ọ́nà tí òun fi àmì wọn hàn. Àwọn Àmì wọn yí òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwòye àwọn ará ìlú yí tí ó sì lè yàtò sì ti àgbègbè mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=America |date=2020 |title=PARFLECHES: How Native Women Pushed the Envelope of Abstraction |url=https://firstamericanartmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/faam26_34_parfleches.pdf |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=First American Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àpò Ìgbàlódé ==

[[File:Burberry handbag.jpg|thumb|A [[:en:Tote_bag|tote bag]]]]
[[File:Pouch, Arapaho (Native American), Late 19th or early 20th cent., 08.434.jpg|thumb|''Pouch'', [[:en:Arapaho|Arapaho]] (Native American), late 19th or early 20th century, [[:en:Brooklyn_Museum|Brooklyn Museum]]]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8830" sha1="q0ks59oa88bp4srluqg370v90lzmm41" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[:en:Egyptian_hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ ( [[:en:Bronze_Age|Bronze Age]]) , ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[:en:Xiaohe_Cemetery|Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[:en:Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[:en:Dillybag|dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[:en:Australian_Aboriginal|Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko ( [[:en:Plant_fibre|plant fibres]]) . Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[:en:Ancient_China|Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[:en:Tang_dynasty|Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe ( [[:en:Renaissance|Renaissance]]) , àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ onílẹ̀ gangan láti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí wọ́n ó padà di ẹ̀yà United States àti Canada ṣe ''[[:en:Parfleche|parfleche]]'', tí ó jẹ́ àpò tàbí ibi tí èyàn lè kó ǹkan sì ti wọn fi awọ Ẹfọ̀n ṣe tí wọ́n sì paà ni aró òsó.

Ìwúlò àpò yí ni lati ko àwọn ẹrú wọn sì, bóyá ni igba ti wọn n bá kúrò láti ibìkan sì ibikan tàbí tí wọ́n bá tèdó sí ibikan. Àpò parfleche yí ni àwọn obìnrin ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́bi isé-ọ́nà tí òun fi àmì wọn hàn. Àwọn Àmì wọn yí òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwòye àwọn ará ìlú yí tí ó sì lè yàtò sì ti àgbègbè mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=America |date=2020 |title=PARFLECHES: How Native Women Pushed the Envelope of Abstraction |url=https://firstamericanartmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/faam26_34_parfleches.pdf |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=First American Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àpò Ìgbàlódé ==

[[File:Burberry handbag.jpg|thumb|A [[:en:Tote_bag|tote bag]]]]
[[File:Pouch, Arapaho (Native American), Late 19th or early 20th cent., 08.434.jpg|thumb|''Pouch'', [[:en:Arapaho|Arapaho]] (Native American), late 19th or early 20th century, [[:en:Brooklyn_Museum|Brooklyn Museum]]]]</text>
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'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[:en:Egyptian_hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ ( [[:en:Bronze_Age|Bronze Age]]) , ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[:en:Xiaohe_Cemetery|Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[:en:Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[:en:Dillybag|dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[:en:Australian_Aboriginal|Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko ( [[:en:Plant_fibre|plant fibres]]) . Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[:en:Ancient_China|Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[:en:Tang_dynasty|Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe ( [[:en:Renaissance|Renaissance]]) , àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ onílẹ̀ gangan láti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí wọ́n ó padà di ẹ̀yà United States àti Canada ṣe ''[[:en:Parfleche|parfleche]]'', tí ó jẹ́ àpò tàbí ibi tí èyàn lè kó ǹkan sì ti wọn fi awọ Ẹfọ̀n ṣe tí wọ́n sì paà ni aró òsó.

Ìwúlò àpò yí ni lati ko àwọn ẹrú wọn sì, bóyá ni igba ti wọn n bá kúrò láti ibìkan sì ibikan tàbí tí wọ́n bá tèdó sí ibikan. Àpò parfleche yí ni àwọn obìnrin ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́bi isé-ọ́nà tí òun fi àmì wọn hàn. Àwọn Àmì wọn yí òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwòye àwọn ará ìlú yí tí ó sì lè yàtò sì ti àgbègbè mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=America |date=2020 |title=PARFLECHES: How Native Women Pushed the Envelope of Abstraction |url=https://firstamericanartmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/faam26_34_parfleches.pdf |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=First American Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àpò Ìgbàlódé ==

[[File:Burberry handbag.jpg|thumb|A [[:en:Tote_bag|tote bag]]]]
[[File:Pouch, Arapaho (Native American), Late 19th or early 20th cent., 08.434.jpg|thumb|''Pouch'', [[:en:Arapaho|Arapaho]] (Native American), late 19th or early 20th century, [[:en:Brooklyn_Museum|Brooklyn Museum]]]]

Ní ayé òde òní, àwọn àpò alágbèéká tí je òun ti o wà ní ibi gbogbo,&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;/&gt; Pẹ̀lú bí àwọn ènìyàn ń ṣe gbé onírúurú àpò kiiri nípasẹ̀ àwọn àpò alayika [[briefcase]], àpamọ́wọ́ [[handbag]], alápònséyìn [[backpack]] èyí tí wọ́n ṣe pẹ̀lú aṣọ, awo, tàbí àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn èròjà bí pálí, tàbí ike tí wọ́n ń lọ ní àwọn ilé ìtajà láti fi kò nkan ọjà. Ní ayé òde òní, àwọn àpò ni wọn ń lọ bí nkan òsó. Àpò-atọwọ́mú lè jẹ èyí tí ó ní zíípù [[zipper]], [[snap fastener]], àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lo., tàbí èyí tí a kàn lè ká lórí arawon (bí àpẹẹrẹ. Àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe). Ní àwọn ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn àpò ọwọ́ tàbí Àpò ìrìnàjò ni wọn má ń ní kòkòrò ìdáàbòbò [[Lock (security device)|lock]]. Irú àwọn àpò eleyi ni ó wà lẹ́yìn àwọn àpò bi àpò alápẹ̀rẹ̀ [[basket]], tí òun ti má ń ní ìwúlò mìíràn látàrí bí ó ti ṣe káákò tàbí tí ó ṣe tè mọ́lẹ̀ láti mú àdínku de ba. Sugbon ni apá ibo mìíràn, àwọn àpò alápẹ̀rẹ̀ tí wọ́n fi àwọn ohun èlò tí ó lè ṣe ní àǹfààní ìdáàbòbò to péye ju ti àwọn akegbé rẹ̀ ló látàrí òun ti wọn fi ṣe wọn.</text>
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        <username>Olaoye Sheu Ibrahim</username>
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      <comment>/* Àpò Ìgbàlódé */</comment>
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      <text bytes="10842" sha1="l6k6qkvm89yuvs4uitmzfiq62gp5arl" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú,  oni ìwé pẹ̀lú ọwọ́]]

'''Àpò''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''àpò saka''' tàbí '''Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́''', jẹ́ ohun èlò tí a sábà máa ń lò ti o ní ìrísí àpótí ìpamọ́, tí a sábà máa ń fi [[aṣọ]], [[:en:Leather|awọ]], [[:en:Bamboo|igi oparun]], [[Paper|ìwé]], tàbí [[:en:Plastic|ike]] ṣe. Lílo àwọn àpò ti wà ṣáájú ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àpò àkọ́kọ́ tí a fi awọ ẹranko, [[:en:Cotton|Òwú]], tàbí okùn igi hun, tí a fi àwọn okùn igi na gbáamú ni etí, tí a sì tún fi dèèsé òkun igi na hun ni ìrísí tí a fé&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn àpò baagi òun ni a fi má ń gbe awọn ohun kan bi awọn ohun-ini ara ẹni, awọn ounjẹ, awọn irinṣẹ, ati awọn nkan miiran. Wọ́n wà ní onírúurú ìrísí àti ìwọ̀n, wọ́n sábà máa ń ní àwọn ojúbo ìka tàbí okùn fún ìrọrùn gbígbé wọn.

Àpò òun ni ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè ọ̀làjú ènìyàn, nítorí wọ́n ń jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn kó àwọn ohun èlò bí èso berries tàbí ọkà jọ kí wọ́n sì gbé wọn, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ànfàní láti tún lè gbé àwọn nǹkan míì sí i lọ́wọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Chenoune|first1=Farid|title=Carried Away: All About Bags|date=2005|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=9780865651586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀rọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì náà ṣeé ṣe kí ó wá láti inú ọ̀rọ̀ [[:en:Old_Norse_language|Norse]] ''baggi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; láti inú [[:en:Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Indo-European]] bʰak tí a tún ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jọ èdè Welsh baich (load, bundle), àti ti èdè Greek Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', load).

Àwọn Àpò aláṣọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́ tí a lè lò tí ó rọrùn àti àwọn àpò ìrajà ni ile itaja tí a lè lò pọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára tó yàtọ̀ síra nínú iṣẹ́ títà ọjà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó rọrùn fún àwọn oníbàárà, ilé ìtajà náà sì sábà máa ń pèsè wọn lọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí fún owó díẹ̀. Àwọn oníbàárà tún lè mú àpò ìtajà tiwọn láti lò ní àwọn ilé ìtajà.

==Ìtàn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ==

[[File:Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD - Cinquantenaire Museum - Brussels, Belgium - DSC08798.jpg|thumb|upright|Embroidered purse, France, mid 14th century AD]]

Àwọn àpò ni àwọn ọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọ kékeré tí ń lọ láti ǹkan bi ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn. Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú ni wọ́n ti wá seyin ni àwọn agbègbè Egypt tí ayé ọjọ́un [[Ancient Egypt]]. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ [[:en:Egyptian_hieroglyphs|hieroglyphs]] òun ni ó ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọkùnrin pẹ̀lú àpò ìgbàdí.

Àwọn Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n kó àwọn nkan òsó sì nínú ni àkókò Sànmánì Idẹ ( [[:en:Bronze_Age|Bronze Age]]) , ni àwọn ǹkan bi 2000 BCE, òun ni wón ti wù jáde ní ibòji [[:en:Xiaohe_Cemetery|Xiaohe Cemetery]] ní [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mai |first1=Huijuan |last2=Yang |first2=Yimin |last3=Abuduresule |first3=Idelisi |last4=Li |first4=Wenying |last5=Hu |first5=Xingjun |last6=Wang |first6=Changsui |date=2016-01-28 |title=Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |article-number=18939 |doi=10.1038/srep18939  |doi-access=free|issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4730899 |pmid=26820435 |bibcode=2016NatSR...618939M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé Bíbélì ménuba àpò, ní pápá jùlọ, èyí tí Judas Iscariot gbé kiri níbi tí òun kò àwọn ǹkan rẹ sí ní àwọn àkókò ọ̀rúndún Kínní. Ní àwọn ọ̀rúndún kẹrìndínlógún, pẹ̀lú ìbẹ̀rù àwọn olè, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn bèrè sí mi lọ àpò olókùn-ìgbàdí fífà láti kọ́ àwọn ǹkan ìní wọn. Àwọn àpò yí ni wón so mó ìgbàdí '[[:en:Girdle|girdles]]' pẹ̀lú okùn tí ó ṣe sọ mó ìdí.

Àwọn Àpò àwòfín [[:en:Dillybag|dillybag]] tí àwọn ènìyàn Australianis òun ni ó jẹ́ àpò kan tí àwọn ènìyàn ijoun [[:en:Australian_Aboriginal|Australian Aboriginal]] hun láti ara ewéko ( [[:en:Plant_fibre|plant fibres]]) . Àpò àwòfín (Dillybags) óun ni ó jẹ́ èyí tí àwọn obinrin ńṣe tí wọ́n ń sì ń lọ láti kọ́ oúnjẹ láti ibi kan sì ibi kan tí ó sì wọ́pọ̀ ni apá ilẹ̀ àríwá Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dilly Bags|url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Western Australian Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071659/http://museum.wa.gov.au:80/explore/intertwined/basket-types/dilly-bags |archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bótilèjépé wọn ń lọ ìwé láti we nkan ni ile China àtijọ́ [[:en:Ancient_China|Ancient China]] láti ǹkan bi àkókò ọ̀rúndún kejì,&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4 |date=1965 |isbn=9780521058032 |page=122 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; àkọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí wọ́n ó kọ́kọ́ lọ àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe ní ilé China láti dáàbò ìpèsè tíì (Tea) ni ó wáyé ní àkókò [[:en:Tang_dynasty|Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;needham volume 4 122&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn Àkókò Sànmánì Sẹ́ńtúrì ọwọ́ Àárín ní Ilẹ̀ Europe, àwọn obìnrin má ń lọ àpò òsó tí wọ́n fi okùn fífà pèlò rẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''hamondeys'' tàbí ''tasques'', láti fi ṣe àfihàn ọlá àti ipò wọn ní àwùjọ. Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí àkókò ọ̀rúndún kẹrìnlá òun ni ó yírapadà di àwọn ẹ̀bùn ẹrù ìyàwó láti ọwọ́ ọkọ sì ìyàwó. Àwọn àpò pélébé ọjọ́un yí ni wón sábà má ń ṣe isé onà sì lára, àwọn iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí òun ṣe àfihàn ìtàn ìfẹ́, tàbí orin. Ní ìgbà tí ó yá, àwọn àpò pélébé yí ni a padà mò sì ''chaneries'', lèyí tí wọ́n ń lò fún ìṣe eré ìdárayá àti ìtọ́jú ẹyẹ àṣá. Ní àwọn Àkókò Olájú ati Ìmọ̀ Tuntun ní Ilẹ̀ Europe ( [[:en:Renaissance|Renaissance]]) , àwọn aṣọ òsó Elizabethan ti ilẹ̀ England òun ni ó ní àwọn nkan òsó púpò lára ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ. Àwọn obìnrin ń wo àpò pélébé wọn sì abé aṣọ wọn ti àwọn ọkùnrin na si n wo àwọn àpò tàbí ṣe ''bagges'' ti wọn fi awọ sínú èwù wọn. Tí Àwọn Ọlọ́lá, sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ si mi lọ ''swete bagges'' tí wọ́n fi àwọn òun ìpèlò olóorùn àdídùn ṣe láti bo àwọn òórùn mọ́lẹ̀.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Handbags: A Timeline |url=http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |website=Handbag Heaven |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184927/http://www.handbagheaven.com/history-of-handbags.html |archive-date=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ onílẹ̀ gangan láti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí wọ́n ó padà di ẹ̀yà United States àti Canada ṣe ''[[:en:Parfleche|parfleche]]'', tí ó jẹ́ àpò tàbí ibi tí èyàn lè kó ǹkan sì ti wọn fi awọ Ẹfọ̀n ṣe tí wọ́n sì paà ni aró òsó.

Ìwúlò àpò yí ni lati ko àwọn ẹrú wọn sì, bóyá ni igba ti wọn n bá kúrò láti ibìkan sì ibikan tàbí tí wọ́n bá tèdó sí ibikan. Àpò parfleche yí ni àwọn obìnrin ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́bi isé-ọ́nà tí òun fi àmì wọn hàn. Àwọn Àmì wọn yí òun ni ó ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwòye àwọn ará ìlú yí tí ó sì lè yàtò sì ti àgbègbè mìíràn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=America |date=2020 |title=PARFLECHES: How Native Women Pushed the Envelope of Abstraction |url=https://firstamericanartmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/faam26_34_parfleches.pdf |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=First American Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Àpò Ìgbàlódé ==

[[File:Burberry handbag.jpg|thumb|A [[:en:Tote_bag|tote bag]]]]
[[File:Pouch, Arapaho (Native American), Late 19th or early 20th cent., 08.434.jpg|thumb|''Pouch'', [[:en:Arapaho|Arapaho]] (Native American), late 19th or early 20th century, [[:en:Brooklyn_Museum|Brooklyn Museum]]]]

Ní ayé òde òní, àwọn àpò alágbèéká tí je òun ti o wà ní ibi gbogbo,&lt;ref name=&quot;Chenoune&quot;/&gt; Pẹ̀lú bí àwọn ènìyàn ń ṣe gbé onírúurú àpò kiiri nípasẹ̀ àwọn àpò alayika [[briefcase]], àpamọ́wọ́ [[handbag]], alápònséyìn [[backpack]] èyí tí wọ́n ṣe pẹ̀lú aṣọ, awo, tàbí àwọn èyí tí wọ́n ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn èròjà bí pálí, tàbí ike tí wọ́n ń lọ ní àwọn ilé ìtajà láti fi kò nkan ọjà. Ní ayé òde òní, àwọn àpò ni wọn ń lọ bí nkan òsó. Àpò-atọwọ́mú lè jẹ èyí tí ó ní zíípù [[zipper]], [[snap fastener]], àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lo., tàbí èyí tí a kàn lè ká lórí arawon (bí àpẹẹrẹ. Àpò tí wọ́n fi ìwé ṣe). Ní àwọn ìgbà mìíràn, àwọn àpò ọwọ́ tàbí Àpò ìrìnàjò ni wọn má ń ní kòkòrò ìdáàbòbò [[Lock (security device)|lock]]. Irú àwọn àpò eleyi ni ó wà lẹ́yìn àwọn àpò bi àpò alápẹ̀rẹ̀ [[basket]], tí òun ti má ń ní ìwúlò mìíràn látàrí bí ó ti ṣe káákò tàbí tí ó ṣe tè mọ́lẹ̀ láti mú àdínku de ba. Sugbon ni apá ibo mìíràn, àwọn àpò alápẹ̀rẹ̀ tí wọ́n fi àwọn ohun èlò tí ó lè ṣe ní àǹfààní ìdáàbòbò to péye ju ti àwọn akegbé rẹ̀ ló látàrí òun ti wọn fi ṣe wọn.

Àpò òfìfo lè jẹ fúfúyé òsì tún lè Mon je fúfúyé tàbí kí ó ṣe dínkù. Tí ó bá jé è, yio rọrùn láti gbé lọ sí ibi tí wọ́n ti nílò rẹ, bí ilé ìtajà, àti láti kọ́ àwọn àpò òfìfo pamó. Àwọn àpò wá ní oríṣiríṣi bèrè láti èyí tí ó kéré,  bí àpò alápamówó [[handbag|purse]], títí tí ó fi dé orí èyí tí ó tóbi bí àpò alagberin ìrìn àjò [[suitcase]]. Àwọn àpò [[pocket]] ara aṣọ na je ara oríṣiríṣi Àpò-atọwọ́mú tí wọ́n rán mó ara aṣọ láti lè má kò àwọn ǹkan ìlò kékèké.</text>
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        <id>33915</id>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357743999|Abdul Karim Disu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Abdul Karim Disu''' (Ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kẹwàá, ọdún 1912 – ọdún 2000) jẹ́ oníròyìn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, òun sì ni ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà àkọ́kọ́ tó gba oyè lẹ́yìn-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga nínú [[Journalism|iṣẹ́ ìròyìn]] nígbà tó lọ sí [[Yunifásítì Kòlúmbíà|Yunifásítì Columbia]] ní ọdún 1944.  Láti Isale-Eko, [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ni Disu ti wá, ó sì jẹ́ ọ̀rẹ́ tímọ́tímọ́ [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], [[Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà|Ààrẹ àkọ́kọ́ ní Nàìjíríà]] .

Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé King's College ní Èkó, ó sì parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ níbẹ̀ ní ọdún 1931. Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba oyè B.A. nínú iṣẹ́ ìròyìn láti University of Wisconsin ní ọdún 1943, ó tún gba oyè M.Sc. nínú iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ní Columbia University.

Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀wé pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ojú omi Nàìjíríà ní Ẹ̀ka Ojú Omi Àtijọ́ láti ọdún 1931 sí 1938. Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ ní Ẹ̀ka Ìwé àti Ààbò fún Ilé-iṣẹ́ Àjọ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè láti ọdún 1947 sí 1948, ó sì di Olùdarí Alágbàṣe fún Alágbàṣe Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà ní ọdún 1955. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2023-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí ó wà ní atukọ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú náà, ó di Olùdarí Àgbà àti Alága fún Ìpèsè Ìròyìn ti Ìlà Oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Ní ọdún 1960, ó di Akọ̀wé Ìròyìn fún Gómìnà-Gbogbogbò ti Nàìjíríà. Wọ́n gbé e ga sí ipò Akọ̀wé Àgbà fún Gómìnà Àgbà ní ọdún 1961, ó sì wà ní ipò náà títí di ọdún 1963. Ní ọdún 1963, ó di Akọ̀wé fún Ààrẹ Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àpapọ̀ ti Nàìjíríà. Ní ọdún 1968, ìjọba ológun àpapọ̀ yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Aṣojú Àjọṣepọ̀ Gbogbogbòò sí Ìgbìmọ̀ Àtúnṣe ti Orílẹ̀-èdè láti ọwọ́ ìjọba àpapọ̀, ó sì di ipò náà mú títí di ìgbà tí ó fẹ̀yìntì ní ọdún 1971. Nígbà tí ó fẹ̀yìntì, wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ àdáni títí di ìgbà ikú rẹ̀.

Ó fẹ́ obìnrin kan láti Nnewi, Rose Asomugha, láti Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra, olóòtú ìròyìn àgbà kan, Chief Melie Chukelu Kafu Ajuluchukwu (1924-2003), sì ni ó dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀rẹ́ tímọ́tímọ́ tí ó ń ràn án lọ́wọ́ nígbà ìgbéyàwó wọn.[1]

Ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ lẹ́yìn ìpayà fún “Iṣẹ́ ìsìn rẹ̀ tí kò fi ara rẹ̀ fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ Isale Eko” láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ Isale Eko ní ọjọ́ Isale Eko ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2019.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2000]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1912]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mọ́sálásí Banda Nkwanta</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366945843|Banda Nkwanta Mosque]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox religious building|image=|location=[[Banda Nkwanta]]|website=}}'''Mossalassi Banda Nkwanta wa ni Mossalassi Banda Nkwanta ni agbegbe Savannah ti Ghana.'''

== Àkótán Àkótán ==
Àwọn Mùsùlùmí tí wọ́n ṣí lọ sí apá gúúsù láti Sudan ló kọ́ másùálà náà ní ọ̀rúndún kejìdínlógún. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn òpìtàn ṣe sọ, àwọn Mùsùlùmí kọ́kọ́ wọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà nípasẹ̀ ilẹ̀ Egypt ní ọ̀rúndún kẹwàá, wọ́n sì tàn káàkiri apá ìwọ̀-oòrùn àti gúúsù ilẹ̀ náà ní àkókò ìṣòwò wúrà àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìṣòwò ẹrú tí ó gba agbègbè aṣálẹ̀ Sahara kọjá.[1]

Wọ́n fi àwọ̀ ojú irin aláwọ̀ ilẹ̀ kọ ọ́ ní ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé Sudano-Sahelian . Mọ́sálásí náà ga gan-an, wọ́n sì sọ pé ó ní àwọn minaret tó ga jùlọ láàrín àwọn mọ́sálásí adobe ní Ghana. Ilé gogoro ìlà-oòrùn mọ́sálásí náà tó nǹkan bíi {{Convert|42|ft|m}} gíga.  Ó tún ní àwọn páàtì gíga.  Ó ní ìrísí onígun mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun èlò onígi àti àwọn òpó tí ó ń fún òrùlé ní ìtìlẹ́yìn. Ó ní àwọn minaret méjì tí wọ́n fi pyramidal ṣe àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìtìlẹ́yìn. Ó ní àwọn òkè tí ó dúró síta lórí àtẹ̀gùn náà. 

== Wo tun ==
{{Stack|{{portal|Africa|Islam}}}}

* Islam ni Ghana
* Àkójọ àwọn mọ́sálásí ní Ghana

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}{{Mosques in Ghana}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Àgọ́ Bender</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343625960|Bender tent]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Àgọ́ tí a fi ẹ̀ka igi ṣe jẹ́ ibi ìgbé tí kò díjú láti kọ́. A máa ń fi àwọn ẹ̀ka igi tí ó rọrùn láti tẹ̀—bíi ti igi hazel tàbí willow—kọ́ irú àgọ́ yìí. A máa ń càn wọ́n mọ́lẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀, a ó sì tẹ̀ wọ́n pọ̀ mọ́ra kí a sì hun wọ́n papọ̀ láti ṣe àpúráńgá tó lágbára tí ó rí bíi òrùlé oníyíká (dome). Lẹ́yìn náà, a ó fi aṣọ ìbòrí (bíi tarpaulin) bo ibi tí a ti hun igi náà. A lè lo ààrò igi láti mú kí inú àgọ́ náà gbóná ní àkókò òtútù, wọ́n sì lè dúró gbọn-in láìjẹ́ kí afẹ́fẹ́ líle wó wọn, bí a bá ti fi nǹkan tó wúwo di aṣọ ìbòrí wọn múlẹ̀ dáadáa.[1]'''
[[File:A_physician_examining_a_gypsy_child_with_a_stethoscope_outsi_Wellcome_V0016271.jpg|thumb| Dókítà kan ń ṣe àyẹ̀wò ọmọbìnrin arìnrìn-àjò Gẹ̀ẹ́sì kan nínú àgọ́ bender kan ( Swain after W. Small, 1898.)]]
A ko le sọ pe ẹya kan pato lo pilẹṣẹ iru ibugbe 'bender' yii. Awọn agọ ti a fi ẹni ṣe, ti awọn ẹya Tuareg ti wọn maa n rin kiri lati ibi kan si ekeji maa n lo, jọ ọ gan-an; bakanna, iru awọn ibugbe bẹẹ wọpọ ni gbogbo agbegbe Afirika ti o wa ni isalẹ aginju Sahara. Awọn eniyan Romani ni Yuroopu maa n lo wọn titi di igba aipẹ yii, ni orilẹ-ede UK si, awọn ẹgbẹ arinrin-ajo ti a mọ si 'New Age travellers' tun bẹrẹ si ni lo wọn fun igba diẹ.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930020006/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/learning/supporting-children/travellers_education/services-2/ta_images/bender_tent.htm Àwọn àwòrán ìgbésí ayé àwọn arìnrìn-àjò - Kíkọ́ àgọ́ Bender kan] ní Ìgbìmọ̀ Agbègbè Devon.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110813010403/http://www3.hants.gov.uk/gypsy-travellers-report-2.pdf Àwòrán &quot;Ìdílé tí ń gbé ní ibi tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1930&quot; ojú ìwé 30] 'Iṣẹ́ Àgbékalẹ̀ Ọkọ̀ Akérò Igbó'.
* [http://www.enslin.com/rae/gypsy/bender.htm Àwọn àwòrán láti inú ìwé ''àjẹ́ àti idán Gypsy'']{{ISBN|978-1-56718-097-8}}
* [https://www.tentandtable.net/blog/post/pole-tent-vs-frame-tent-quick-guide Àgọ́ Pólà àti Fárámù: Ìtọ́sọ́nà Kíákíá sí Irú Àgọ́]
{{Tents}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ilé Mbari</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368469998|Mbari house]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Àwọn ilé Mbari''' tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ ní agbègbè [[Owerri]] - [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|Igbo]] ní Gúúsù Ìlà Oòrùn Nàìjíríà, jẹ́ àwọn ilé ìgbà díẹ̀, tí ó gbòòrò, tí ó ṣí sílẹ̀, tí a ṣe ní ìrísí onígun mẹ́rin, tí a kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹbọ fún ìbàjẹ́ dípò ìjọsìn, tí a sì kọ́ láti tu àwọn ọlọ́run kan pàtó nínú, bíi Ala, ọlọ́run kan nínú ìtàn àròsọ Igbo.  Wọ́n kọ́ wọn ní ìhùwàpadà sí àwọn àjálù àdánidá tí a sọ pé ó jẹ́ nítorí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àdánidá tí kò dára; wọn kò ṣe wọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi mímọ́. Wọ́n fi amọ̀ kòkòrò kọ́ wọn pẹ̀lú èrò láti jẹrà kí wọ́n sì padà sọ́dọ̀ Ala, abo-ọlọ́run ayé ti iṣẹ́-ṣíṣe, ẹni tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó ti tù ú nínú lẹ́yìn tí ó ti jẹ àwọn iṣẹ́-ọnà wọ̀nyí tán. 

== Àpèjúwe ==
[[Fáìlì:Illustration_of_the_sacred_'forbidden'_inner_chamber_of_an_Mbari_house_in_the_Urata-Echie_Igbo_area_(Imo_and_Rivers_today)_by_P._A._Talbot_in_&quot;Some_Nigerian_Fertility_Cults,&quot;_1927.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán yàrá inú ilé Mbari kan tí a kà sí mímọ́]]
'''Mbari''' Listen ⓘ jẹ́ àwòrán àwòrán tí ó ní ilé mímọ́ onípele méjì tí a kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààtò ìwẹ̀nùmọ́. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cole&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mbari: Art and Life among the Owerri Igbo|location=Bloomington}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ilé Mbari ti [[Owerri]] -Igbo, tí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ onígun mẹ́rin ńlá tí a ṣètò ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ onígun mẹ́rin, ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àwòrán tí ó tóbi bí ẹ̀mí, tí a kùn (tí a gbẹ́ nínú ẹrẹ̀ láti tu Alusi (ọlọ́run) àti Ala, ọlọ́run ilẹ̀ ayé, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọlọ́run ààrá àti omi mìíràn nínú). &lt;ref name=&quot;Architecture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|location=Geographic influences, Palaces and shrines, last paragraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n ṣe ilé Mbari gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀bùn fún Ala, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti fi hàn pé Ala jẹ́ onínúure àti olùfẹ́. Àwọn ilé Mbari kan ni a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún Ala nìkan. Ṣùgbọ́n, nígbà míìrán, a máa ń fi àwọn ọlọ́run mìíràn hàn pẹ̀lú Ala nínú ilé náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Mbari Is Life}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ère mìíràn tí a lè fi kún ni ti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba, àwọn oníṣẹ́ ọwọ́, [[Ẹranko|àwọn ẹranko]], àwọn ẹ̀dá àti àwọn baba ńlá . &lt;ref name=&quot;Architecture&quot; /&gt; Ilé Mbari gba ọpọlọpọ ọdun lati kọ ati pe a ka wọn si mimọ. Pẹ̀lú jíjẹ́ àwọn àmì ọrọ̀ àti ìṣọ̀kan, wọ́n sábà máa ń wáyé ní àkókò àlàáfíà àti ìdúróṣinṣin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Mbari: Art and Religion among the Owerri Ibgo}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ṣe ayẹyẹ kan nínú ilé náà fún ìpàdé àwọn olórí ìlú. Lẹ́yìn tí ààtò ìsìn náà bá parí, wíwọlé tàbí wíwo ilé Mbari jẹ́ ohun tí a kà sí èèwọ̀. Mbari jẹ́ ibi ìjókòó gbogbogbòò níbi tí a ti ń gbé àwọn ohun kikọ onírúurú ìtàn àròsọ, ìtàn àròsọ, àti àwùjọ àwọn ará Igbo jáde nínú ilẹ̀ àwọn kòkòrò.

== Ìtàn ==
Àwọn ará ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì kọ́kọ́ ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ilé Mbari ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún ogún. Àmì ìrúbọ wọn ti yọrí sí píparẹ́ àwọn ohun ìrántí mímọ́ wọ̀nyí.  Ogun [[Ogun Abele Nigeria|abẹ́lé Biafra àti ti Nàìjíríà]] tún mú ìbànújẹ́ pípadánù ilé Mbari pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ilé Mbari òde òní jẹ́ ti símẹ́ǹtì, èyí tí ó ń pa àwọn ilé wọ̀nyí àti ìtàn wọn mọ́, nígbà tí ó sì ń mú àmì ìbàjẹ́ kúrò. 

== Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ ==
Àwọn [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|ará Igbo]] ní gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà ni wọ́n lo ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;Mba-ari.&quot; Àwọn ilé Mbari, tí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ibi tí a kọ́ láti fi bọlá fún abo-ọlọ́run ilẹ̀ ayé Ala àti àwọn ọlọ́run mìíràn, ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ̀lú àṣà ìbílẹ̀ àti àṣà ìsìn. Nínú [[Èdè Ígbò|èdè Igbo]], ọ̀rọ̀ náà &quot;mbari&quot; túmọ̀ sí &quot;ìṣẹ̀dá&quot; tàbí &quot;ìkọ́lé,&quot; pàápàá jùlọ ní ti iṣẹ́ ọnà àti ẹ̀mí.  Ojú ìwòye àti àníyàn àwùjọ náà hàn nínú àwọn ilé dídíjú wọ̀nyí, tí a fi àwọn ère amọ̀ tí ó jẹ́ àmì ènìyàn, ẹranko, àwọn ọlọ́run àti àwọn ẹ̀dá olókìkí ṣe lọ́ṣọ̀ọ́. Mbari ju kíkọ́ ilé lọ; ó jẹ́ irú ìṣẹ̀dá àti ìfọ̀rọ̀wérọ̀ ìsìn tí a sábà máa ń ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ojúṣe mímọ́ láti pa àlàáfíà mọ́ láàárín àwọn ènìyàn nípa ti ẹ̀mí àti ti ènìyàn  Ilé náà ṣì jẹ́ àfihàn ìtàn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ àwọn ará Igbo, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àṣà ìbílẹ̀ náà ti dínkù.

== Àwọn àbùdá olùgbé ==
Ilé Mbari, tí ó wà ní àwọn [[Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Nàìjíríà|ìpínlẹ̀ ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà]] ( [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Imo|Imo]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Anambra|Anambra]], àti [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Abia|Abia]] ), ni àwọn ará ìlú kọ́, àwọn “aláwọ̀ funfun” sì yà á láti fi hàn bí àwọn ènìyàn ṣe ń tẹ̀síwájú àti bí nǹkan ṣe ń lọ sí lóde òní. Àwọn White Walkers ni a yàn ní pàtàkì láti ya àwòrán; wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọlọ́run. Àwọn ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ló ṣe iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé ilé Mbari, iṣẹ́ ọnà, kíkùn, àti iṣẹ́ ọ̀ṣọ́ oníṣẹ̀dá. 

== Ohun tó ń fa ènìyàn mọ́ra ==

=== Irin-ajo Afẹ́ ===
Kí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ àti àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ènìyàn mìíràn tó ba àwọn apá kan nínú àwọn ilé náà jẹ́, ilé ńlá Mbari ló jẹ́ ibi ìgbafẹ́ ní ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Ilé Mbari tí ó kù kò jẹ́ ibi tí àwọn arìnrìn-àjò lè ṣèbẹ̀wò mọ́ nítorí ipò tí ó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.

=== Ìtàn àròsọ ===
Ilé Mbari tí a kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹbọ sí àwọn ọlọ́run bíi Ala, jẹ́ ìtàn àròsọ mímọ́ ti àwọn ará Igbo tí ó so iṣẹ́ ọnà, ìtàn àròsọ, àti ẹ̀mí pọ̀. Àwọn ìrísí rẹ̀ tó lágbára, tó ní àmì, àti tó ń dúró pẹ́lú ń pa ìgbàgbọ́, ìtàn àti ìdámọ̀ àwọn ará Igbo mọ́. Àwọn ère àti àwòrán amọ̀ rẹ̀ ń ṣàfihàn àwọn ọlọ́run, ènìyàn, àti ẹ̀mí.  Ìtàn àròsọ náà tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú onírúurú àṣà ìbílẹ̀ tí wọ́n fi ń kọ́ ilé Mbari, bí wọ́n ṣe ń pèsè àwọn ohun èlò àti ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé, wọ́n ń kọ́ ilé Mabari láìsí ìlànà.

=== Iṣẹ́ Ọ̀nà Bari ===
Àwọn ère amọ̀ àti àwọn àwòrán tí ó wà nínú àwọn ilé Mbari—èyí tí wọ́n kọ́ fún ìjọsìn àwọn òrìṣà bíi Ala, òrìṣà ilẹ̀—jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ iṣẹ́-ọnà Mbari, èyí tí í ṣe àṣà pàtàkì àti èyí tí wọ́n bọ̀wọ̀ fún gidigidi láàrin àwọn ọmọ Igbo ní apá gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Àwọn ilé wọ̀nyí máa ń fi èrò àwọn ọmọ Igbo nípa bí ayé ṣe rí hàn; wọ́n sì máa ń ní àwòrán ènìyàn, ẹranko, ẹ̀mí, àti àwọn ẹ̀dá àràmàdà inú ìtàn àròsọ. Àwọn ère tí wọ́n fi àwọ̀ funfun kùn, tí wọ́n sì sábà máa ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ àwọn ẹ̀mí, dúró fún ìwà mímọ́ tàbí àwọn baba-ńlá.[1] Mbari máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọrẹ fún ìjọsìn àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti tọ́jú àṣà, nígbà tí ó sì ń mú ìṣọ̀kan nípa tẹ̀mí, ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ tuntun nínú iṣẹ́-ọnà, àti ìṣọ̀kan àwùjọ wá. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé kò dúró pẹ́, àwọn àwọ̀ rẹ̀ tí ó mọ́lẹ̀ dáadáa, àwọn àwòrán tí ó ní ìtumọ̀ pàtàkì, àti ìtumọ̀ àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń gbé àṣà Igbo lárugẹ; wọ́n sì máa ń ṣẹ̀dá àpapọ̀ àrà-ọ̀tọ̀ ti iṣẹ́-ọnà, ọ̀rọ̀ nípa tẹ̀mí, àti ìtàn tí ó ṣì ń fún àwọn ènìyàn ní ìwúrí títí di òní. Ilé náà ní àwọn ère amọ̀ tí ó tóbi bíi gidi ènìyàn tàbí ẹranko, tí wọ́n ní orí àti ọrùn tí ó tóbi ju ti déédé lọ, àti ọwọ́ àti ẹsẹ̀ tí ó gùn tí kò sì ní iṣan ara; gbogbo wọn sì ní àwọ̀ onírúurú tí ó lẹ́wà, èyí tí ó mú kí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan wọn ní àbùdá àrà-ọ̀tọ̀. Àwọn ère náà pẹ̀lú àwọn òrìṣà bíi Ala, Amadioha, àti Alusi, àti àwọn ènìyàn láti ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù, ẹranko, àwọn oníṣẹ́-ọwọ́, àti àwọn ẹranko àràmàdà inú ìtàn àròsọ.[2]

[[Chinua Achebe]], olókìkí akọ̀ròyìn àti onímọ̀ nípa ìwé, sọ nínú àròkọ rẹ̀ lórí Mbari, “Mbari jẹ́ ayẹyẹ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ọnà ayé àti ti ìgbésí ayé tí ó wà nínú rẹ̀. Àwùjọ ló ṣe é nípasẹ̀ àṣẹ láti ọwọ́ ọlọ́run wọn, tí ó sábà máa ń jẹ́ abo ọlọ́run ayé, [[Ala (goddess)|Ala]], tí ó para pọ̀ ṣe ipa pàtàkì méjì nínú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ará Igbo gẹ́gẹ́ bí orísun ìṣẹ̀dá ní ayé àti olùtọ́jú ìlànà ìwà rere nínú àwùjọ ènìyàn.” &lt;ref name=&quot;Cole&quot; /&gt; Ẹgbẹ́ Mbari — ilé-iṣẹ́ àṣà fún àwọn òǹkọ̀wé àti àwọn ayàwòrán tí [[Ulli Beier]] àti àwọn mìíràn dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1961 ní Ibadan — ni wọ́n dámọ̀ràn rẹ̀ fún Achebe. 
[[Fáìlì:A_clay_figure_of_Amadioha_in_an_Mbari_house_in_&quot;Some_Nigerian_Fertility_Cults,&quot;_1927.jpg|left|thumb| Àwòrán amọ̀ Amadioha ní ilé Mbari nínú &quot;Some Nigerian Fertility Cults,&quot;]]
[[Fáìlì:Mbari_figure_near_Owere._British_Museum,_c._1930s.jpg|thumb| Àwòrán Mbari nitosi [[Owerri]]]]
[[Fáìlì:A_hippo_swallowing_a_person_on_a_face_of_an_mbari_in_the_Urata_Igbo_(Owere_-_Owerri)_area,_photographed_by_a_European_c._1904._Mbari_are_public_shrine_galleries_where_complex_characters_of_Igbo_mythology,_folklore,_and_society_are_fles.jpg|center|thumb| Erinmi kan gbé eniyan mì loju '''mbari''' ni [[Owerri]]]]
{{Clear}}

=== Àwọn Ilé-iṣẹ́ Àwùjọ ===
Nígbà tí wọ́n kọ́ ilé Mbari, ó jẹ́ ibi tí gbogbo ènìyàn ti máa ń péjọpọ̀, àwọn ayẹyẹ àjọyọ̀, àti ìjọsìn abo-ọlọ́run ìṣẹ̀dá. Àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí gbé àṣà ìbílẹ̀ lárugẹ bí ìtàn àròsọ, orin, àti ijó. 

== Àwòṣe ìkọ́lé ==
Ile Mbari jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé ìbílẹ̀ tí ó ní àgbàlá, èyí tí àwọn ènìyàn Igbo ní apá gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà máa ń lò. Ó jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé ìbílẹ̀, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń lo amọ̀ fún àwọn ògiri àti àwọn ère, tí wọ́n sì ń lo òrùlé koríko fún ibi ìbòji. Ní àkókò yìí, wọ́n máa ń lo òrùlé aluminiomu àti simenti nígbà mìíràn láti mú kí ilé náà pẹ́ títí nípa dídáàbò bò ó lọ́wọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ búburú àti òjò.[1] Àpẹẹrẹ ilé náà ní àwọn ihò tí ó ń jẹ́ kí afẹ́fẹ́ lè wọlé kí ó sì jáde dáadáa, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ inú ilé àti ti ìta dára sí i. Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé àwọn ènìyàn máa ń ṣàṣìṣe rẹ̀ nígbà mìíràn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìrúbọ tàbí tẹ́ńpìlì, ilé Mbari jẹ́ ibi tí a ń bọ̀wọ̀ fún gidigidi nítorí wíwà àwọn òrìṣà àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà tí ó ní ìtumọ̀ pàtàkì níbẹ̀. Àwọn ògiri onígun-mẹ́rin àti òrùlé tí ó gòòrò kọjá àwọn igun mẹ́rin ilé náà tẹnu mọ́ bí ilé Mbari ṣe ní àpẹẹrẹ tí ó gbòòrò tí ó sì ṣí sílẹ̀ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ rẹ̀.

== Àjogúnbá ilé ==
Ìtọ́jú ẹ̀mí, iṣẹ́ ọnà, àti ilé àwọn ará Igbo ló mú kí ilé Mbari jẹ́ ohun iyebíye. Wọ́n ní ipa lórí iṣẹ́ ọnà Áfíríkà òde òní nípa fífi iṣẹ́ ọnà ìbílẹ̀, ìtàn àròsọ, àti ìkópa ẹgbẹ́ hàn. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn nǹkan díẹ̀ ni wọ́n ń kọ́ báyìí, àwọn ẹ̀yà àṣà wọn, àwọn ọ̀nà ìṣẹ̀dá wọn, àti àmì wọn ń fún àwọn ìtumọ̀ òde òní níṣìírí, èyí sì ń fún wọn ní ìdánilójú pé wọ́n ṣe pàtàkì sí i. Ayẹyẹ Mbari ṣì ń bá a lọ nípasẹ̀ ijó, orin àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀ tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní apá ìlà-oòrùn orílẹ̀-èdè náà.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ilé àti ìdòpómúlẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà]]
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    <title>Àwọn ibi mímọ́ pírámìdì Nsude</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365591585|Nsude pyramid shrines]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Àwọn ibi-ìrúbọ tí ó rí bíi pírámídì ní Nsude jẹ́ ibi ìwádìí nípa àwọn ohun ìgbàanì, tí ó sì wà ní Nsude, abúlé kan ní Gúúsù-Ìlà-Oòrùn Nàìjíríà, nínú ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu ti òde-òní.'''
[[Fáìlì:Nsude_pyramids.jpg|thumb|301x301px| Pírámìdì Nsude tí GI Jones yà ní ọdún 1935]]
Àwọn [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|ará Igbo]] ló kọ́ àwọn ibi mímọ́ onípele pírámídì wọ̀nyí. Ní àwọn ọdún 1930  onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá ènìyàn àti olùṣàkóso àwọn ará ìlú ní agbègbè náà, GI Jones, ya àwòrán wọn. 

== Àwọn ìròyìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ẹni tí ó fi ojú wọn rí i ==
Onímọ̀ nípa àwọn ohun ìgbàanì Kenneth Murray tẹ àpilẹ̀kọ kan jáde lórí àwọn pírámìdì wọ̀nyí nínú ìwé ìròyìn &quot;The Nigerian Field&quot;, ìwé ìròyìn ti Nigerian Field Society. Nínú rẹ̀, ó jíròrò wíwá àwọn pírámìdì onípele mẹ́wàá tó wà ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|1.25|miles}} sí Nsude ṣùgbọ́n ní ilẹ̀ tí kò sí ní Nsude tí a kò lè rí. Àwọn wọ̀nyí jẹ́ yípo, a sì ṣírò pé wọ́n jẹ́ ẹsẹ̀ bàtà mẹ́tàdínlọ́gbọ̀n ní ìwọ̀n iwọ̀n, {{Convert|18-19|feet}} gíga àti ní ìlà méjì ogún yààdì sí ara wọn àti àádọ́rin yààdì gígùn. Ní ìlà kọ̀ọ̀kan, wọ́n tó nǹkan bíi {{Convert|12|feet}} yàtọ̀. Ó bá àwọn ènìyàn ìbílẹ̀ sọ̀rọ̀ nípa wọn, wọ́n sì sọ fún un pé “a ń pe ìtọ́jú tàbí ààbò ní abúlé Nsude ní Uto, wọ́n sì sọ pé ó ní àǹfààní pàtàkì láti pa àwọn olè.” &lt;ref name=&quot;Basden&quot; /&gt;

George Basden kọ ìwé méjì nípa àwọn ìwádìí nípa ẹ̀yà-ara àwọn ará Igbo. Nínú ọ̀kan lára wọn, ó kọ nípa ìbẹ̀wò sí àwọn pírámídì mẹ́wàá nítòsí Nsude. Ní ọdún méjì ṣáájú ìbẹ̀wò Basden, Dibia, onímọ̀ nípa àjẹ́ tàbí ajẹ́, sọ fún àlùfáà Uto pé Uto fẹ́ kí Nkpura (àwọn pírámídì) ńlá mẹ́wàá tí a kọ́ fún ọlá rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì ọlá ńlá rẹ̀. Basden sọ pé wọ́n ní kí mẹ́wàá nínú ìwọ̀nyí wà nítorí pé “mẹ́wàá nínú mẹ́rin tàbí ìdílé tó gbòòrò ló wà ní abúlé náà, wọ́n sì ní kí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan wọn kọ́ Nkpuru kan.” Ilẹ̀ laterite tí ó wà ní àdúgbò náà kò dára, nítorí náà wọ́n kọ́ ọ sórí ilẹ̀ rírọ̀ tí ó wà nítòsí. &lt;ref name=&quot;Basden&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Basden|first1=G. T.|author1-link=George Basden|title=Among the Ibos of Nigeria: 1912|date=1 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-24849-8|page=109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKssBgAAQBAJ|access-date=25 October 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn Ohun Èlò ==
[[Fáìlì:Three_nsude_pyramids.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px| Àwọn Pírámìdì Mẹ́ta Nsude]]
[[Fáìlì:The_Nsude_pyramids_in_1935._These_ten_circular_stepped_pyramids_were_associated_with_the_Uto_deity_and_were_made_of_mud._Their_reconstruction_is_needed._-_Bournemouth_University_Archaeological_team.jpg|thumb|348x348px| Àwọn Pírámìdì Nsude Púpọ̀]]
A kọ́ àwọn pírámídì Nsude yìí pẹ̀lú lílo erùpẹ̀ àti amọ̀, wọ́n sì ní àwọn ìpele tí ó gòkè lọ ní ọ̀nà tí ó jọ ti pírámídì. Apá ìsàlẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀n yíká tó tó ẹsẹ̀ bàtà 60 (mita 18) àti gíga tó tó ẹsẹ̀ bàtà 3 (mita 0.91). Apá tí ó tẹ̀lé e ní ìwọ̀n yíká tó tó ẹsẹ̀ bàtà 45 (mita 14). Wọ́n tẹ̀síwájú láti kọ́ àwọn ìpele yíká wọ̀nyí títí tí ilé náà fi dé òkè rẹ̀ pàápàá. A gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn pírámídì wọ̀nyí ní ipa pàtàkì nínú àwọn ayẹyẹ àti ètò ìsìn; wọ́n jẹ́ apá kan ibi ìrúbọ tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún òrìṣà Uto (tàbí Ala/Uto), níbi tí wọ́n ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ètò ìsìn àti ìrúbọ. Wọ́n sì tún gbàgbọ́ pé wọ́n máa ń lò wọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí pèpéle fún ṣíṣe àwọn ètò ìsìn àti àwọn ayẹyẹ.

=== Pataki asa ===
Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn pírámídì náà ní pàtàkì nípa ti ẹ̀mí àti àṣà fún àwọn ará Igbo. Ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn àṣà àti ààtò ìsìn ìgbà náà. Àwọn ìtẹ̀gùn pírámídì ni a lè lò fún onírúurú ìgbòkègbodò ìsìn, títí bí ẹbọ, ẹbọ, àti àwọn ayẹyẹ tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìbọ̀wọ̀ fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tàbí àwọn baba ńlá. A gbàgbọ́ pé ète àwọn pírámìdì wọ̀nyí jẹ́ ti ayẹyẹ àti ti ìsìn. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé wọ́n ti lò wọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtàgé fún àwọn ààtò ìsìn àti ayẹyẹ ìsìn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Early Art and Architecture of Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=An Igbo Civilization: Nri Kingdom and Hegemony}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bí àkókò ti ń lọ, àwọn pírámídì Nsude ní ìrírí ìfọ́ àti ìbàjẹ́ nítorí ìkọ́lé amọ̀ àti ìfarahàn wọn sí àwọn afẹ́fẹ́. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Early Art and Architecture of Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Archaeology of Nsude Pyramids}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lónìí, àṣẹ́kù àwọn pírámìdì nìkan ló kù.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ilé àti ìdòpómúlẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Áfríkà]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marwan Attia</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T22:56:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khodijah 157</username>
        <id>33008</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mó fi ìtumọ̀ sí ise apá agbaboolu ile Éjíbítì</comment>
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      <text bytes="14521" sha1="2rr8jxzqcum3m6wqytr6o50vxb0mlca" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;{Short description|Egyptian footballer (born 1998)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}{{Infobox football biography|name=Marwan Attia|image=Marwan Attia Argentina v Egypt 7 July 2026-247.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=Attia with [[Egypt national football team|Egypt]] in 2026|full_name=Marwan Attia Fahim Ghallab Rashwan&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce233/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA Club World Cup 2025™ – Squad List: Al Ahly FC (EGY) |publisher=FIFA |page=1 |date=4 July 2025 |access-date=18 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713085533/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce233/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |archive-date=13 July 2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1998|8|1|df=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|birth_place=[[Kafr El Dawwar]], Egypt|height=1.76 m&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|position=[[Midfielder]]|currentclub=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]|clubnumber=13|youthyears1=|youthclubs1=|years1=2019–2023|clubs1=[[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad]]|caps1=92|goals1=1|years2=2023–|clubs2=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]|caps2=61|goals2=2|nationalyears1=2023–|nationalteam1=[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]|nationalcaps1=40|nationalgoals1=1|medaltemplates=|club-update=19 July 2024|nationalteam-update=7 July 2026}}'''Marwan Attia Fahim Ghallab''' ({{langx|ar|مروان عطية فاهم غلاب رشوان}}; (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 1998) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní ipò agbedemeji fún ẹgbẹ́ Al Ahly ní Lígì Premier ti Egypt àti fún ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt..&lt;ref name=&quot;AlAhlyElShenawyAttiaSuperCup&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=El Shenawy named Best Goalkeeper, Attia wins Best Player in Egyptian Super Cup|url=https://www.alahlyegypt.com/en/news/article/el-shenawy-named-best-goalkeeper-attia-wins-best-player-in-egyptian-super-cup|website=Al Ahly SC|date=9 November 2025|access-date=6 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ní ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ==
Attia bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọọlu rẹ̀ nínú ètò àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ti ẹgbẹ́ Al Ittihad Alexandria, nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yín wọ́n sì gbé e lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ ṣáájú àsìkò eré ti ọdún 2019–2020 lábẹ́ olùkọ́ni Talaat Youssef..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.masrawy.com/sports/sports_news/details/2024/7/23/2616261/%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-|title=كسر في الذراع واستغناء الاتحاد عنه.. كيف كانت مسيرة مروان عطية قبل الانضمام للأهلي؟ (صور) &amp;#124; مصراوي|website=مصراوي.كوم|date=23 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́rin àti ààbọ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al Ahly SC ní àárín àkókò ìdíje ọdún 2022–23, láàrin àkókò tí ẹgbẹ́ abanidíje wọn gidi, Zamalek SC, náà tún ń fẹ́ láti gbà á..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=أخبار|date=2023-01-10|title=الأهلي المصري يضم مروان عطية من الاتحاد السكندري|trans-title=Al-Ahly of Egypt add Marwan Attia from Al-Ittihad Alexandria|url=https://www.beinsports.com/ar-mena/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-|access-date=2023-12-15|website=beIN SPORTS|language=ar-mena}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=الأهلي يضم مروان عطية لمدة أربع سنوات ونصف|url=https://www.alahlyegypt.com/ar/news/article/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81-63bdd74d43766}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Attia fi ara rẹ̀ mulẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù pàtàkì fún ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ àti fún orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀. Ó kó ipa pàtàkì nínú kí Al Ahly gba ife-ẹ̀yẹ Egyptian Premier League ní ìgbà mẹ́ta àti ife-ẹ̀yẹ CAF Champions League ní ìgbà méjì. Ní ọdún 2023, Attia gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó dára jùlọ nínú eré ìparí Egyptian Super Cup. Ní ọdún 2025, Marwan Attia gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó pegedé jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe àgbàyanu nínú ìdíje Egyptian Super Cup. Al Ahly fa àkókò àdéhùn rẹ̀ gùn títí dé ọdún 2030..&lt;ref name=&quot;AlAhlyElShenawyAttiaSuperCup&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KingFutMarwanAttia2030&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Al Ahly Extend Marwan Attia Contract Until 2030|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2026/08/27/al-ahly-extend-marwan-attia-contract-until-2030/|website=KingFut|date=27 August 2026|access-date=6 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ní ìpele àgbáyé ==
Wọn pe e si ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2022.,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/441509|title=مروان عطية لـ في الجول: لم أكن أعرف أمر انضمامي لمنتخب مصر ولكن توقعته|first=هاني|last=العوضي|date=31 August 2022|website=FilGoal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ki o to farahan ni igba akọkọ ni ọjọ́ kẹrinlelogun oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/3/24/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85/6126565|title=مروان عطية يسجل المشاركة الدولية الأولى مع منتخب مصر أمام مالاوى|date=24 March 2023|website=اليوم السابع}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ni ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2025, wọ́n pe Attia sínú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ilẹ̀ Egypt fún ìdíje Ife Ẹ̀yẹ Orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà ti ọdún 2025..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/egypt-name-final-28-man-squad-for-totalenergies-caf-afcon-2025-salah-leads-pharaohs-charge/|title=Egypt name final 28-man squad for TotalEnergies CAF AFCON 2025, Salah leads Pharaohs' charge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=2 December 2025|access-date=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ni ọjọ́ keje oṣù Keje ọdún 2026, nínú ìpele àwọn ẹgbẹ́ mẹ́rìndínlógún (Round of 16) ti ìdíje Ife Ẹyẹ Àgbáyé FIFA ti ọdún 2026 ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń kọjú ìjà sí Argentina, adájọ́ François Letexier fagilé góòlù kan tí Mostafa Ziko gbá lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti ṣe àyẹ̀wò VAR; adájọ́ náà pinnu pé Marwan Attia ti ṣe àṣìṣe sí Lisandro Martínez ti Argentina nígbà tí wọ́n ń kọ́ ìgbésẹ̀ náà sílẹ̀, nípa títẹ ẹsẹ̀ rẹ̀ mọ́lẹ̀, èyí sì mú kí wọ́n fagilé góòlù tí ó tẹ̀lé e. Àwọn tó ń ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò eré náà ṣàkíyèsí pé ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà wáyé ní ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá mélòó kan ṣáájú kí wọ́n tó gbá góòlù náà, ó sì wáyé ní ibi tí ó jìnnà sí ibi tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀ gbígbá góòlù náà gan-an.,&lt;ref name=&quot;FOX&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/egypts-goal-vs-argentina-disallowed-after-var-check-not-why-var-brought-game|title=Egypt Goal vs. Argentina Controversially Disallowed After VAR Check|publisher=FOX Sports|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Baker|first=Luke|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/egypt-argentina-goal-disallowed-var-mostafa-ziko-world-cup-2026-b3010691.html|title=Why was Egypt’s second goal against Argentina disallowed by VAR in World Cup last 16?|publisher=The Independent|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé ìpinnu náà dá lórí àwọn ìlànà IFAB tó ń darí ìlànà VAR ní ti ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ àti òfin eré náà.&lt;ref name=&quot;IFAB_APP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/video-assistant-referee-var-protocol/|title=Video Assistant Referee (VAR) Protocol|publisher=[[International Football Association Board]]|access-date=8 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Argentina bọ́ sínú eré náà padà lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti kọ́kọ́ wà lẹ́yìn pẹ̀lú àmúyọ̀ méjì sí òdo, wọ́n sì wá borí pẹ̀lú àmúyọ̀ mẹ́ta sí méjì ní ìparí eré náà..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Howarth|first=Matthew|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cdr4m2122lgt|title=Argentina 3–2 Egypt|publisher=BBC Sport|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgbésí ayé ara-ẹni ==
Baba Attia kú ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù Keje ọdún 2023, nígbà tí Attia wà ní ibùdó láti múra sílẹ̀ fún eré Zamalek..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=وفاة والد مروان عطية قبل ساعات من مباراة القمة - اليوم السابع|work=اليوم السابع|date=13 July 2023|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/7/13/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9/6240115}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó fẹ́ ẹni tí wọ́n ti fẹ́ra wọn, Salma Saqr, ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje ọdún 2024, lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti sun ún síwájú láti ọdún tó kọjá nítorí ikú bàbá rẹ̀..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=السبب رابطة الأندية، سر تحديد مروان عطية حفل زفافه قبل لقاء بيراميدز المصيري|date=22 July 2024|url=https://www.vetogate.com/5199779}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=مروان عطية يحتفل بمولودته الأولى ويطلق عليها هذا الاسم|work=مصراوي.كوم|url=https://www.masrawy.com/sports/sports_news/details/2025/7/28/2827033/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85|date=28 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Awọn iṣiro iṣẹ ==

=== Club ===
{{Updated|15 December 2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|647623|accessdate=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other{{Efn|Includes [[Egyptian Super Cup]], [[FIFA Club World Cup]], [[African Football League]] and [[CAF Super Cup]]|name=Other|group=lower-alpha}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad]]
|[[2019–20 Egyptian Premier League|2019–20]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Egyptian Premier League]]
|19
|0
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|21
|0
|-
|[[2020–21 Egyptian Premier League|2020–21]]
|29
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|29
|0
|-
|[[2021–22 Egyptian Premier League|2021–22]]
|33
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|33
|0
|-
|[[2022–23 Al Ittihad Alexandria Club season|2022–23]]
|11
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|11
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!92
!1
!2
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!94
!1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]
|[[2022–23 Al Ahly SC season|2022–23]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Egyptian Premier League
|16
|0
|2
|0
|10
|0
|3
|0
|31
|0
|-
|[[2023–24 Al Ahly SC season|2023–24]]
|3
|0
|2
|0
|4
|0
|6
|0
|15
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!19
!0
!4
!0
!14
!0
!9
!0
!46
!0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!111
!1
!6
!0
!14
!0
!9
!0
!140
!1
|}
{{Notelist}}

=== International ===
{{updated|match played 7 July 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|id=90526|accessdate=1 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by national team and year
!National team
!Year
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]
|2023
|6
|0
|-
|2024
|13
|0
|-
|2025
|9
|0
|-
|2026
|12
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!40
!1
|}

: ''Scores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Attia goal.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+List of international goals scored by Marwan Attia
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |No.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Date
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Venue
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Opponent
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Score
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Result
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Competition
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|5 January 2026
|[[Adrar Stadium]], [[Adrar]], Morocco
|{{fb|BEN}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
|[[2025 Africa Cup of Nations knockout stage|2025 Africa Cup of Nations]]
|}

== Àwón ólà ==
'''Al Ahly'''

* [[Egyptian Premier League]]: [[2022–23 Egyptian Premier League|2022–23]], [[2023–24 Egyptian Premier League|2023–24]] [[2024-25 Egyptian Premier League|2024-25]]
* [[Egypt Cup]]: [[2021–22 Egypt Cup|2021–22]], [[2022–23 Egypt Cup|2022–23]]
* [[Egyptian Super Cup]]: [[2023–23 Egyptian Super Cup|2022–23]], [[2023–24 Egyptian Super Cup|2023–24]], [[2025 Egyptian Super Cup|2025]]
* [[CAF Champions League]]: [[2022–23 CAF Champions League|2022–23]], [[2023-24 CAF Champions League|2023-24]]
* [[FIFA African–Asian–Pacific Cup]]: [[2024 FIFA Intercontinental Cup|2024]]

== Àwón ítókasi ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{UEFA player}}

{{Al Ahly SC squad}}{{Navboxes|title=Egypt squads|bg=#CE1126|fg=white|bordercolor=black|list1={{Egypt squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations}}
{{Egypt squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations}}
{{Egypt squad 2026 FIFA World Cup}}}}{{Navboxes|title=Awards|bg=gold|fg=navy|list={{2022–23 Egyptian Premier League Team of the Season}}
{{2023–24 Egyptian Premier League Team of the Season}}
{{2024–25 Egyptian Premier League Team of the Season}}}}{{Egypt-footy-bio-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>2rr8jxzqcum3m6wqytr6o50vxb0mlca</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mohamed Abdelmonem</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84339</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636845</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T23:12:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khodijah 157</username>
        <id>33008</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mó fi ìtumọ̀ sí ise apá agbaboolu ile Éjíbítì</comment>
      <origin>636845</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10928" sha1="38i1330qtf01xqepzj0xxmuxy2hbhuq" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Egyptian footballer (born 1999)}}{{distinguish|Muhammad Abdel Moneim}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}{{Infobox football biography|name=Mohamed Abdelmonem|image=Abdelmonem asse ogcn 2425.png|image_size=|caption=Abdelmonem with [[OGC Nice|Nice]] in 2025|full_name=Mohamed Abdelmonem El-Sayed Mohamed Ahmed&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce71/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2022™: List of Players: Al Ahly SC |publisher=FIFA |page=1 |date=7 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212205323/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce71/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |archive-date=12 February 2023 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1999|2|1|df=y}}&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|birth_place=[[Zagazig]], [[Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]], Egypt|height=1.84 m&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|position=[[Centre-back]]|currentclub=[[OGC Nice|Nice]]|clubnumber=5|youthyears1=2009–2020|youthclubs1=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]|years1=2018–2024|clubs1=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]|caps1=59|goals1=4|years2=2020–2021|clubs2=→ [[Smouha SC|Smouha]] (loan)|caps2=32|goals2=2|years3=2021–2022|clubs3=→ [[Future FC|Future]] (loan)|caps3=7|goals3=0|years4=2024–|clubs4=[[OGC Nice|OGC Nice]]|caps4=22|goals4=0|nationalyears1=2021|nationalteam1=[[Egypt national under-23 football team|Egypt U23]]|nationalcaps1=1|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=2021–|nationalteam2=[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]|nationalcaps2=38|nationalgoals2=3|pcupdate=12 September 2026|ntupdate=27 June 2026|medaltemplates={{MedalCountry|{{fb|EGY}}}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[association football|football]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Africa Cup of Nations]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations|2021 Cameroon]]|}}}}'''Mohamed Abdelmonem El-Sayed Mohamed Ahmed''' ({{langx|ar|محمد عبد المنعم السيد محمد أحمد}}; (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1999) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọjọ́gbọ́n láti ilẹ̀ Egypt, ẹni tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbèjà àárín fún ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Nice àti ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt..&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ogcnice.com/en/article/127449/mohamed-abdelmonem-joins-les-aiglons.html|title=Mohamed Abdelmonem joins Les Aiglons|publisher=OGC Nice|date=29 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ní ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ==
Abdelmonem bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ́ Al Ahly, níbi tí ó ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ife-ẹ̀yẹ ti abẹ́lé àti ti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà. Ó gba góòlù pàtàkì kan tí ó mú kí ìdíje dọ́gba lòdì sí ẹgbẹ́ Wydad AC nínú eré kejì ti ìparí ìdíje CAF Champions League ti ọdún 2023; èyí sì ran ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife-ẹ̀yẹ náà pẹ̀lú àpapọ̀ àmì-ayò 3–2..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/668083|title=Al Ahly beat holders Wydad to win CAF Champions League|publisher=ESPN|date=11 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pẹlupẹlu, wọn fi i ranṣẹ lọ si Smouha ati Future gẹgẹbi oṣere ti a ya ni awin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2020/01/26/salah-mohsen-abdelmonem-loan-smouha/|title=Al Ahly duo Salah Mohsen, Abdelmonem loaned out to Smouha|publisher=Kinfut|date=26 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ni ọjọ́ kọkandinlọgbọn oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2024, Abdelmonem darapọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Nice tó ń kópa ní Ligue 1, nípa fíwọlé àdéhùn kan tó máa wà títí di ọdún 2028..&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ni ọjọ́ díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kẹsàn-án, ó ṣe ìṣàfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí wọ́n fi rọ́pò ẹlòmíràn nínú ìdíje kan tí wọ́n borí Angers pẹ̀lú àmì-ayò mẹ́rin sí ọ̀kan ní ilé àwọn alátakò..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/53/531114/Sports/Talents-Abroad/Egypt%E2%80%99s-Abdelmonem-makes-Nice-debut.aspx|title=Egypt's Abdelmonem makes Nice debut|publisher=Ahram Online|date=1 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kẹsàn-án, ó ṣe ìṣàfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí wọ́n fi rọ́pò ẹlòmíràn nínú ìdíje kan tí wọ́n borí Angers pẹ̀lú àmì-ayò mẹ́rin sí ọ̀kan ní ilé àwọn alátakò..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Saher|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2025/04/27/mohamed-abdelmonem-suffers-acl-injury-faces-lengthy-layoff/|title=Mohamed Abdelmonem Suffers ACL Injury, Faces Lengthy Layoff|publisher=KingFut|date=27 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ní ìpele àgbáyé ==
Abdelmonem ṣojú fún ilẹ̀ Éjíbítì ní ọdún 2021.,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/59818147|title=Afcon 2021: Aston Villa's Trezeguet returns to join Salah and Elneny in Egypt squad|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=29 December 2021|access-date=29 December 2021|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231083437/https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/59818147|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ati Ife Eye Awọn Orilẹ-ede Afirika ti ọdun 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/514851.aspx|title=Egypt coach Vitoria announces final squad for AFCON 2023; veterans El Shahat and El-Said left out|publisher=[[Al-Ahram]]|last=Elassal|first=Mahmoud|date=30 December 2023|access-date=30 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Awọn iṣiro iṣẹ ==

=== Club ===
{{updated|match played 12 September 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|mohamed--abdel-monem/650469}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]
|[[2017–18 Egyptian Premier League|2017–18]]
|[[Egyptian Premier League]]
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[2021–22 Egyptian Premier League|2021–22]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|15
|0
|3
|1
|8
|1
|1
|0
|27
|2
|-
|[[2022–23 Egyptian Premier League|2022–23]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|21
|0
|2
|0
|14{{efn|Appearances in [[CAF Champions League]]}}
|4
|1{{efn|Appearance in [[Egyptian Super Cup]]|name=ESC}}
|0
|38
|4
|-
|[[2023–24 Egyptian Premier League|2023–24]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|23
|1
|0
|0
|13{{efn|Twelve appearances and one goal in CAF Champions League, one appearance in [[CAF Super Cup]]}}
|1
|2{{efn|name=ESC}}
|0
|38
|5
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!59
!1
!3
!0
!35
!6
!4
!0
!101
!10
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Smouha SC|Smouha]] (loan)
|[[2019–20 Egyptian Premier League|2019–20]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|8
|1
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|9
|1
|-
|[[2020–21 Egyptian Premier League|2020–21]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|24
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|24
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!32
!2
!1
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!33
!2
|-
|[[Future FC|Future]] (loan)
|[[2021–22 Egyptian Premier League|2021–22]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|7
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|7
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[OGC Nice|Nice]]
|[[2024–25 OGC Nice season|2024–25]]
|[[Ligue 1]]
|12
|0
|2
|0
|4{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|18
|0
|-
|[[2026–27 Ligue 1|2026–27]]
|Ligue 1
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!16
!0
!2
!0
!4
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!22
!0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!129
!3
!9
!1
!47
!7
!5
!0
!190
!14
|}
{{notelist}}

=== International ===&lt;!-- NOTE: when updating stats, update the infobox too! --&gt;
{{updated|match played 27 June 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{NFT player|84960}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by national team and year
!National team
!Year
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]
|2021
|2
|0
|-
|2022
|7
|2
|-
|2023
|8
|0
|-
|2024
|11
|1
|-
|2025
|2
|0
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!38
!3
|}

: ''Scores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Abdelmonem goal.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+List of international goals scored by Mohamed Abdelmonem
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |No.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Date
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Venue
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Opponent
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Score
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Result
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Competition
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|19 January 2022
|[[Stade Ahmadou Ahidjo]], [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon
|{{fb|SUD}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations Group D|2021 Africa Cup Of Nations]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|27 September 2022
|[[Borg El Arab Stadium]], [[Alexandria]], Egypt
|{{fb|LBR}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|26 March 2024
|[[New Administrative Capital Stadium]], [[New Administrative Capital]], Egypt
|{{fb|CRO}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–4
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–4
|[[2024 FIFA Series]]
|-
|}

== Honours ==
'''Al Ahly'''

* [[Egyptian Premier League]]: [[2022–23 Egyptian Premier League|2022–23]], [[2023–24 Egyptian Premier League|2023–24]]
* [[Egypt Cup]]: [[2021–22 Egypt Cup|2021–22]], [[2022–23 Egypt Cup|2022–23]]
* [[Egyptian Super Cup]]: [[2021–22 Egyptian Super Cup|2021–22]], [[2022–23 Egyptian Super Cup|2022–23]], [[2023–24 Egyptian Super Cup|2023–24]]
* [[CAF Champions League]]: [[2022-23 CAF Champions League|2022–23]], [[2023-24 CAF Champions League|2023–24]]

'''Awards'''

* [[Africa Cup of Nations|Africa Cup of Nations Dream Team]]: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Best XI|2021]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet|user=CAF_Online|number=1490747184668717062|date=7 February 2022|access-date=7 February 2022|title=Not your average players Here is the #TotalEnergiesAFCON2021 best XI #AFCON2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}

* [https://www.ogcnice.com/en/fiche/4965/mohamed-abdelmonem.html Profile] at the OGC Nice website
* [https://www.efa.com.eg/ar/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85/ Profile] at the Egyptian Football Association website {{in lang|ar}}
* {{UEFA player}}

{{OGC Nice squad}}{{Navboxes|title=Egypt squads|bg=#DD0000|fg=white|bordercolor=black|list1={{Egypt squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations}}
{{Egypt squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations}}
{{Egypt squad 2026 FIFA World Cup}}}}{{Navboxes|title=Awards|bg=gold|fg=navy|list={{2021 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament}}
{{2022–23 Egyptian Premier League Team of the Season}}
{{2023–24 Egyptian Premier League Team of the Season}}}}{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>38i1330qtf01xqepzj0xxmuxy2hbhuq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ingrid Rüütel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84340</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636849</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T01:02:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheAanuoluwa</username>
        <id>24053</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mo dá ojúewé yìí</comment>
      <origin>636849</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2186" sha1="b5jkbjt5vl3vw6kg3d6mr8ywbffxxkf" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Estonian folklorist (born 1935)}}{{Infobox officeholder|name=Ingrid Rüütel|image=Ingrid Rüütel - Laulupidu 2009 (cropped).jpg|caption=Ingrid Rüütel at the [[Estonian Song Festival]] in 2009|order=[[First Lady of Estonia]]|president=[[Arnold Rüütel]]|term_start=8 October 2001|term_end=9 October 2006|predecessor=[[Helle Meri]]|successor=[[Evelin Ilves]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1935|11|3|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Pahavalla]], [[Estonia]]|death_date=|death_place=|spouse=[[Arnold Rüütel]] (died 2024)|children=2|signature=|relations=[[Neeme Ruus]] (father)}}'''Ingrid Rüütel''' (tí orúkọ àbísọ rẹ̀ jẹ́ '''Ruus'''; wọ́n bi ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1935)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Proua Ingrid Rüütel|url=http://vp2001-2006.vpk.ee/et/president/proua.php|access-date=2010-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930030300/http://vp2001-2006.vpk.ee/et/president/proua.php|archive-date=2010-09-30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; jẹ́ onímọ̀ ìtàn-ajẹmáṣà orílẹ̀-èdè [[Estonia|Estonian]], aṣèwádìí nípa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ èdè, ó sì tún fìgbà kan jẹ́ Aya Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Ó jẹ́ aya Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Estonia, Arnold Rüütel títí ó fi papò dà ní ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ọjọ́ ní oṣù kejìlá, ọdún 2024.

== Ìgbésí Ayé rẹ̀ ==
Wọ́n bí Ingrid Rüütel sí [[Tallinn]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ọmọ olóṣèlú kọ́múnísì Neeme Ruus àti aya rẹ̀ tí ń ṣe òṣèré, Linda Karen Ruus (tí orúkọ àbísọ rẹ̀ jẹ́ '''Aruküll'''). Àwọn apàṣẹ ọmọ lẹ́yìn Hitler lo pa bàbá rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1942.

Ní ọdún 1958, ó fẹ́ Arnold Rüütel. Wọ́n jọ bí àwọn ọmọbìnrin méjì, wọ́n sì jọ ní àwọn ọmọ-ọmọ mẹ́fà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.err.ee/1609564279/politicians-leaders-remember-arnold-ruutel-as-a-devoted-unifier-of-estonia|title=Politicians, leaders remember Arnold Rüütel as a devoted unifier of Estonia|website=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling|ERR]]|date=1 January 2025|access-date=1 January 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>b5jkbjt5vl3vw6kg3d6mr8ywbffxxkf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>636954</id>
      <parentid>636849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:51:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheAanuoluwa</username>
        <id>24053</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>636954</origin>
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      <text bytes="2209" sha1="rslo5431einntwj911jeb6hm0a53j26" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Estonian folklorist (born 1935)}}{{Infobox officeholder|name=Ingrid Rüütel|image=Ingrid Rüütel - Laulupidu 2009 (cropped).jpg|caption=Ingrid Rüütel níbi Àjọ̀dún Orin Ilẹ̀ Estonian ní odún 2009|order=Obìnrin Àkọ́kọ́ Ilẹ̀ Estonia|president=Arnold Rüütel|term_start=8 October 2001|term_end=9 October 2006|predecessor=Helle Meri|successor=Evelin Ilves|birth_date={{birth date and age|1935|11|3|df=y}}|birth_place=Pahavalla, [[Estonia]]|death_date=|death_place=|spouse=[[Arnold Rüütel]] (died 2024)|children=2|signature=|relations=[[Neeme Ruus]] (father)}}'''Ingrid Rüütel''' (tí orúkọ àbísọ rẹ̀ jẹ́ '''Ruus'''; wọ́n bi ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1935)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Proua Ingrid Rüütel|url=http://vp2001-2006.vpk.ee/et/president/proua.php|access-date=2010-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930030300/http://vp2001-2006.vpk.ee/et/president/proua.php|archive-date=2010-09-30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; jẹ́ onímọ̀ ìtàn-ajẹmáṣà orílẹ̀-èdè [[Estonia|Estonian]], aṣèwádìí nípa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ èdè, ó sì tún fìgbà kan jẹ́ Obìnrin Àkọ́kọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Ó jẹ́ aya Ààrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Estonia, Arnold Rüütel títí ó fi papò dà ní ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ọjọ́ ní oṣù kejìlá, ọdún 2024.

== Ìgbésí Ayé rẹ̀ ==
Wọ́n bí Ingrid Rüütel sí [[Tallinn]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ọmọ olóṣèlú kọ́múnísì Neeme Ruus àti aya rẹ̀ tí ń ṣe òṣèré, Linda Karen Ruus (tí orúkọ àbísọ rẹ̀ jẹ́ '''Aruküll'''). Àwọn apàṣẹ ọmọ lẹ́yìn Hitler lo pa bàbá rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1942.

Ní ọdún 1958, ó fẹ́ Arnold Rüütel. Wọ́n jọ bí àwọn ọmọbìnrin méjì, wọ́n sì jọ ní àwọn ọmọ-ọmọ mẹ́fà.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.err.ee/1609564279/politicians-leaders-remember-arnold-ruutel-as-a-devoted-unifier-of-estonia|title=Politicians, leaders remember Arnold Rüütel as a devoted unifier of Estonia|website=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling|ERR]]|date=1 January 2025|access-date=1 January 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==</text>
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    <title>Ìgbésí Ayé Mi Nínú Igbó Àwọn Ẹ̀mí (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:04:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753865|My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=My Life in the Bush of Ghosts|title_orig=|translator=|image=File:MyLifeInTheBushOfGhosts.jpg|caption=First edition (UK)|author=[[Amos Tutuola]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=Nigeria|language=English|series=|genre=Fairy Tale, Fantasy|publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] (UK)
[[Grove Press]] (US)|release_date=1954|english_release_date=|media_type=|pages=174|isbn=|preceded_by=[[The Palm-Wine Drinkard]]|followed_by=Simbi and the Satyr of the Dark Jungle}}'''''Ìtàn ìgbésí ayé mi nínú igbó àwọn ẹ̀mí''''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tutuola|first=Amos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tri1AwAAQBAJ|title=My Life in the Bush of Ghosts|date=2014-07-01|publisher=Faber &amp; Faber|isbn=978-0-571-31155-2|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Amos Tutuola, tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1954. Ó sọ ìtàn ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin kan láti Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà tí ó sọnù sínú igbó lẹ́yìn tí ó sá fún àwọn oníṣòwò ẹrú pẹ̀lú ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀ ọkùnrin. A gbé ìwé náà kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìtàn tí ó ní ìsopọ̀ mọ́ ara wọn—bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé wọn kò tẹ̀lé ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ àkókò déédé—èyí sì fi kún àbùdá ìtàn náà tí ó dàbí àlá tàbí ohun tí ó kọjá òye déédé.

A ṣe àpèjúwe akọni náà, tí a kò dárúkọ rẹ̀ jálẹ̀ ìwé náà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀dọ́ àti aláìní ìrírí, tí kò mọ ewu tó ń fara pamọ́ sínú igbó, títí kan àwọn iwin àti ẹ̀mí tó ń fa ewu ńlá fún àwọn ènìyàn. Bí ó ṣe ń rìn kiri ní ibi àjèjì àti ohun ìjìnlẹ̀ yìí, ó ń pàdé àwọn ẹ̀dá àti ìrírí àjèjì àti àwọn tí wọ́n sábà máa ń jẹ́ aláràárùn .  Lílo èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Tutuola láti ojú ìwòye ẹni tí kò mọ̀ nípa ìtàn àti ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin, ló mú kí ohùn àrà ọ̀tọ̀ àti òótọ́ kan wà tó ń fi kún ẹwà àti ìfọkànsìn ìwé ìtàn náà.

Gẹ́gẹ́ bí iṣẹ́ Tutuola tẹ́lẹ̀, ''The Palm-Wine Drinkard'', ''My Life in the Bush of Ghosts'' jẹ́ àfiwé àti [[Ìwéìgbésíayéaraẹni|ìtàn ara ẹni]] . Tutuola lo àwọn ìrírí tirẹ̀ àti ìtàn àròsọ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà láti ṣe ìtàn kan tí ó ń ṣàwárí àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ ìdámọ̀, àṣà, àti ipò ènìyàn. Ìṣètò ìtàn tí ó pín sí méjì àti àwọn ohun ìyanu tí ó wà nínú ìwé ìtàn náà, tí ó jọ ti Grimms' Fairy Tales, fún un ní ìmọ̀lára ìwà mìíràn, ó sì jẹ́ kí ó jẹ́ ìwé tí ó fani mọ́ra tí ó ń kojú àwọn èrò ìbílẹ̀ nípa ìtàn.

== Gbigbawọle pataki ==
Ìwé ìròyìn ''Time'' yan ''My Life in the Bush of Ghosts'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé rẹ̀ tó ń jẹ́ &quot;Àwọn Ìwé Ìròyìn Àròsọ Tó Dáa Jùlọ Nínú Gbogbo Ìgbà&quot;. 

Àkọlé náà ni ẹni tí a yàn fún ìtàn Strainers ní ọdún 1984 láti ọwọ́ Premio Grinzane Cavour. 

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn ==
Àkọlé àwo orin ''My Life in the Bush of Ghosts'' ti ọdún 1981 láti ọwọ́ David Byrne àti Brian Eno ni a mú láti inú ìwé ìtàn yìí. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iye Àlá</title>
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      <id>636862</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:05:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361370213|Dream Count]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|image=File:Dream_Count.jpg|authors=[[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]]|isbn=978-0-593-80272-4|pub_date=7 March 2025|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]]|pages=416}}'''''Ìwé ìtàn Dream Count''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kọ, tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2025.    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Jacobs|first=Alexandra|date=2025-03-02|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Aims to 'Write a Wrong' in 'Dream Count'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/02/books/review/dream-count-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html?searchResultPosition=1|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ yìí dá lórí àwọn obìnrin mẹ́rin tí a sì ń sọ ìtàn wọn ní tẹ̀lé-n-tẹ̀lé: Chiamaka, ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tó jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé nípa ìrìn-àjò, ẹni tí ó di ẹni tí kò lè padà sílé nígbà àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn ní Amẹ́ríkà; ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ Zikora, tí ó jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò tó ti ní àṣeyọrí; ìbátan rẹ̀ Omelogor, ẹni tí ó ti ṣiṣẹ́ ní ẹ̀ka ọ̀rọ̀ ìnáwó kí ó tó wá sí Amẹ́ríkà fún ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú sí i; àti Kadiatou, ẹni tí ń ṣe iṣẹ́ ìtọ́jú ilé fún Chiamaka.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò kan fún Associated Press, Helen Wieffering jẹ́wọ́ “agbára alágbára” ''Dream Count'' ' ó sì sọ pé “ó ń yọrí sí rere nítorí pé gbogbo ojú ìwé kún fún ìfọkànsìn, àti nítorí pé ohùn Adichie jẹ́ kedere àti kedere bí ó ti rí.” 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Koríko Sísun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:07:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292594450|Burning Grass]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Cyprian_Ekwensi_-_Burning_Grass_Book_Cover.jpg|thumb| Àtẹ̀jáde Àkọ́kọ́, 1962 (Ẹ̀ka Àwọn Òǹkọ̀wé Adúláwọ̀ Heinemann)]]
Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Cyprian Ekwensi]] ni '''''Burning Grass''''' . Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 1962 gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé kejì nínú ìwé Heinemann's African Writers Series .

== Ìtẹ̀jáde ==
&quot;Burning Grass&quot; ni ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ fún títẹ̀jáde nínú &quot;African Writers Series,&quot; èyí tí ó ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ nípa títẹ̀ àwọn ìwé tí ó ti jáde ní ibòmíràn tẹ́lẹ̀ jáde lẹ́ẹ̀kan sí i. Olùtẹ̀wé dín iye ọ̀rọ̀ inú àkọsílẹ̀ náà kù láti ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́rin-dínlọ́gọ́rin (80,000) sí ẹgbẹ̀rún méjì-dínlógún (40,000). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Abdurrahman|first1=Umar|date=1988|title=Cyprian Ekwensi's Burning Grass: A Critical Assessment|url=free|journal=Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies|language=en|volume=16|issue=1|doi=10.5070/F7161016959|issn=0041-5715}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heinemann gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ girama ni yóò jẹ́ àwọn olùwòran pàtàkì nínú ìwé ìtàn náà, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ohun tí wọ́n fẹ́ ṣe ju ohun tí wọ́n retí lọ. Ìtẹ̀jáde àkọ́kọ́ tó jẹ́ 2,500 ta ní kíákíá, Heinemann sì ti tún tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.  Lẹ́yìn náà ni East African Educational Publishers tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde, wọ́n sì ti túmọ̀ rẹ̀ sí èdè Jámánì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Der Wanderzauber'' . 

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Àwọn olórí ìtàn inú ìwé náà ni àwọn ọmọ ìdílé [[Àwọn Fúlàní|Mbororo-Fulani]] tí wọ́n ń gbé ní àríwá orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ń ṣe ìjọba amúnisìn . Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé òǹkọ̀wé náà kì í ṣe ọmọ Mbororo-Fulani, ìwé náà fúnni ní ìròyìn tó dájú nípa àwọn ìwà rere àti ìgbésí ayé àwùjọ yìí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nyamnjoh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó da lórí ìbẹ̀wò kúkúrú tí Ekwensi ṣe sí agbègbè náà. Ó kọ àwọn ìrírí rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nínú ìwé “Three Weeks among the Fulani”, èyí tí ó fara hàn nínú ìwé ìròyìn ''Nigeria Magazine'' ti oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1960. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Abdurrahman|language=en|url=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àwọn Mbororo-Fulani jẹ́ olùṣọ́-àgùntàn, àyíká ìgbèríko sì yàtọ̀ pátápátá sí ti ìlú ńlá tí òǹkọ̀wé yàn fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìwé rẹ̀ mìíràn. Ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ náà jẹ́ pàtàkì nínú ìtàn àròsọ náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Abdurrahman|first=Umar|date=1988|title=Cyprian Ekwensi's Burning Grass: A Critical Assessment|url=free|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn náà dá lórí àwọn ìrìn àjò tó wáyé láàárín ìdílé [[Àwọn Fúlàní|Fulani]] Sunsaye, pàápàá jùlọ Mai Sunsaye, olórí ilé àti olórí Dokan Toro. Mai Sunsaye gba ẹrúbìnrin kan, Fatimeh, lọ́wọ́ ìránṣẹ́ ọkùnrin oníwà ipá kan tí a mọ̀ sí Shehu. Ìfarahàn Fatimeh nínú ìdílé náà yọrí sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àìníláárí tí ó mú kí àwọn ìrìn àjò inú ìyókù ìwé ìtàn náà, èyí tí ó mú kí Shaitu, ìyàwó Mai Sunsaye, wò ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí oríire búburú. Àkọ́kọ́, Rikku, ọmọ àbíkẹ́yìn Mai Sunsaye fẹ́ràn Fatimeh tó dàgbà jù ú lọ. Sibẹsibẹ, Hodio, arakunrin Rikku, ati ọmọkunrin keji ti Mai Sunsaye, salọ pẹlu Fatimeh, o si fi Rikku silẹ ti o n ṣaisan ifẹ. Mai Sunsaye ṣèlérí láti ṣe gbogbo ohun tó bá lè ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ara Rikku yá gágá. Ní àkókò kan náà, Ardo, alábàádíje Mai Sunsaye sí ìtẹ́ Dokan Toro, fi agbára ìṣẹ́gun kan tí a so mọ́ ẹsẹ̀ ẹyẹ àdàbà Senegal kan tí ó ní “owú aláwọ̀ ewé” àti “ìka pupa” ṣe àfọ̀ṣẹ sí Mai Sunsaye. Àfọ̀ṣẹ náà, tí a mọ̀ sí &quot;sokugo&quot; tàbí &quot;àìsàn ìrìn àjò&quot; jẹ́ àmì ìdámọ̀ kan tí ó &quot;sọ àwọn ọkùnrin onímọ̀ sí ìrìn àjò di arìnrìn àjò, tí ó mú kí àwọn ọkọ kọ ìyàwó wọn sílẹ̀, kí àwọn olórí sọ àwọn ènìyàn wọn di arìnrìn àjò, kí àwọn ọkùnrin onímọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ wọn sì kọ èrò wọn sílẹ̀.&quot; Lábẹ́ agbára ìfẹ́kúfẹ̀ẹ́ ìrìn àjò yìí, Mai Sunsaye bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rìn kiri nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìrìn àjò, níbi tí ó ti ń kọjá pẹ̀lú Jalla, ọmọkùnrin rẹ̀ àkọ́bí, àti àwọn ènìyàn mìíràn, títí bí Baba, ọkùnrin arúgbó kan tí ó pàdé ní abúlé Old Chanka tí a ti kọ̀ sílẹ̀ (àwọn aláṣẹ ìjọba ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ti kó wọn kúrò níbẹ̀, àwọn olùgbé ibẹ̀ sì kó lọ sí New Chanka, nítorí ìbúgbàù eṣinṣin tse-tse, olùdarí àìsàn oorun ), àti obìnrin onímọ̀ nípa agbo ẹran tí a mọ̀ sí Ligu, &quot;aṣíwájú olùṣọ́ màlúù&quot;. Ní ìparí ìwé ìtàn náà, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìdílé tún padà sí Dokan Toro, Mai Sunsaye sì kú nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yín nítorí àwọn ìṣòro ìrìn àjò rẹ̀.

== Àwọn Òṣèré ==

* ''Mai Sunsaye'' : Olórin pàtàkì; arìnrìn-àjò onítara, àti baba àwọn ọmọkùnrin mẹ́ta.
* ''Rikku'' : Ọmọkunrin àbíkẹ́yìn Mai Sunsaye, ọmọ kẹta rẹ̀.
* ''Hodio'' : Ọmọ keji Mai Sunsaye.
* ''Shaitu'' : Iyawo Mai Sunsaye
* ''Leibe'' : Ọmọbìnrin Mai Sunsaye àti ọmọ kẹrin.
* ''Jalla'' : Ọmọ àkọ́bí Mai Sunsaye, ọmọ àkọ́bí rẹ̀.
* ''Ligu'' : Obìnrin olókìkí kan tí a mọ̀ sí ''olùdarí olùṣọ́-málúù'' .
* ''Baba'' : Àgbàlagbà kan tí kò ní ìfẹ́ sí i tí kò fẹ́ kúrò ní ìlú Old Chanka tí ó ti kọ̀ sílẹ̀.
* ''Fatimeh'' : ẹrúbìnrin [[Kánúrí|Kanuri]] tí ìdílé Sunsaye gbà là.
* ''Kantuma'' : Obìnrin [[Kánúrí|Kanuri]] arẹwà kan tó nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí Rikku lọ́nà àjèjì, tó sì ń ran Rikku lọ́wọ́; ó kú nígbà tí ìtàn náà parí.
* ''Shehu'' : Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olórí alátakò ìwé ìtàn náà àti ẹni tó ni Fatimeh tẹ́lẹ̀.
* ''Ardo'' : Ọ̀kan lára àwọn alátakò pàtàkì, àti alátakò sí Mai Sunsaye fún ipò olórí ìlú àwọn Fulani ní Dokan Toro.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Margaret Laurence ṣàpèjúwe ìwé *Burning Grass* gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí ó ní &quot;...ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ànímọ́ ìtàn àròsọ àtọwọ́dọ́wọ́ ti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà: àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ oní-idán, àwọn obìnrin tí ó ní ohun ìjìnlẹ̀ tí wọ́n sì ní agbára ìfanimọ́ra, àwọn ìṣe akíkanjú tí ó kọyọrí, àti ìrìn-àjò oní-ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ó kánkán.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Laurence|first=Margaret|title=Long Drums and Cannons: Nigerian Dramatists and Novelists 1952-1966|publisher=Macmillan|year=1968|location=London|pages=158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Àwọn ènìyàn ìlú náà</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:09:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361439889|People of the City]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3061" sha1="mccse1i4sbnwnazud7bnnsik1m4wogz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|author=Cyprian Ekwensi|isbn=9780435900052|name=People Of The City|image=PeopleOfTheCity.jpg|language=English|country=Nigeria|genre=Fiction|published=1963|publisher=Heinemann|media_type=Print (paperback)}}

{{Infobox book|isbn=9780435900052|language=English|country=Nigeria|publisher=Heinemann}}

Ìwé ìròyìn '''''People of the City''''' ni ìwé ìtàn àkọ́kọ́ ti [[Cyprian Ekwensi]] tí Andrew Dakers Ltd kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1954. Ìwé ìtàn náà jẹ́ ìwé àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ṣáájú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé ìtàn ìlú mìíràn nínú àṣà [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Nnolim2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Charles E. Nnolim|title=Approaches to the African Novel: Essays in Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vP8f1YLYH4EC&amp;pg=PA198|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-978-8422-19-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìdàgbàsókè ==
Ekwensi bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ yìí nígbà tó ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa iṣẹ́ oògùn (pharmacy) pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó ẹ̀kọ́ ní Yunifásítì ti London.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jan/24/culture.obituaries|title=Cyprian Ekwensi|last=Adenekan|first=Shola|date=2008-01-24|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=2016-02-19|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀, ìwé náà jẹ́ àkópọ̀ àwọn ìtàn tí wọ́n máa ń gbé jáde lórí rédíò fún àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà tí wọ́n ń gbé ní ilẹ̀ Britain lẹ́yìn Ogun Àgbáyé Kejì. &lt;ref name=&quot;Schellinger2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Okonkwo|first1=Chidi|editor=Paul Schellinger|title=Encyclopedia of the Novel|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPdRAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA985|date=8 April 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-91826-2|pages=984–985|chapter=People of the City}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Alárìíwísí Chidi Okonkwo, sọ pé àwọn ipa pàtàkì tí Ekwensi ní nígbà tí ó ń ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ìwé ìtàn àti ọ̀nà ìkọ̀wé rẹ̀, ní àwọn “Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn, àwọn ìtàn amóríyá, àwọn ìtàn ìlà-oòrùn bíi Arabian Nights ”, àwọn ìtàn “Akọni-European-heroin-in-Africa”, bíi ti H. Rider Haggard, àwọn ìtàn ìrìn àjò bíi ti Robert Louis Stevenson, àti àwọn fíìmù Íńdíà. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Schellinger2014&quot; /&gt; Okonkwo ṣàpèjúwe àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó ń bò ìrírí Ekwensi tẹ́lẹ̀ mọ́lẹ̀ nípa títúmọ̀ àwọn ìtàn ìbílẹ̀ Áfíríkà sí èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. &lt;ref name=&quot;Schellinger2014&quot; /&gt;

== Àṣà ==
Ìwé ìtàn náà ní ohùn ẹ̀kọ́ . &lt;ref name=&quot;Schellinger2014&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn Àkòrí ==
Ìwé ìtàn yìí pe ìjọba àwọn ará Yúróòpù ní Áfíríkà níjà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Schellinger2014&quot; /&gt;

== Àríwísí ìwé ==
Ìgbà tí wọ́n kọ́kọ́ gbọ́ ìwé ìtàn náà jẹ́ ohun rere, ó dá lórí bí ìlú ṣe rí. &lt;ref name=&quot;Schellinger2014&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iye Iyawo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:11:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371126210|The Bride Price]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] --&gt;|name=The Bride Price|title_orig=|translators=|image=A&amp;B 1st edition Buchi Emecheta- Bride price hb (1976).jpg|caption=First UK edition|authors=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|illustrators=|cover_artist=[[Taiwo Jegede]]|country=Nigeria|language=|series=|genres=|publisher=[[Allison &amp; Busby]] (UK)&lt;br /&gt;[[George Braziller]] (US)|release_date={{Start date and age|1976}}|english_release_date=|media_type=Print (hardback)|pages=168|isbn=978-0-85031-165-5|oclc=2912824|preceded_by=[[Second Class Citizen (book)|Second Class Citizen]]|followed_by=[[The Slave Girl (1977 novel)|The Slave Girl]]}}

Ìwé ìtàn '''''The Bride Price''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà Buchi Emecheta kọ ní ọdún 1976. Allison &amp;amp;amp; Busby ló kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní UK, George Braziller sì tún tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní Amẹ́ríkà. Nígbà tí Emecheta dá lórí àwọn obìnrin ní àkókò ìjọba Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn ìjọba amúnisìn, ó ya ìwé náà sí mímọ́ fún ìyá rẹ̀, Alice Ogbanje Emecheta.

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ní ìlú Èkó, ní Nàìjíríà, bàbá wọn Ezekiel dágbére fún Igbo Aku-nna àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ọkùnrin, Nna-nndo, ó sì sọ pé òun máa lọ sí ilé-ìwòsàn fún wákàtí díẹ̀—ìyá wọn, Ma Blackie, wà nílé ní Ibuza, ó sì ń ṣe àwọn ààtò ìbímọ. Ó wá hàn pé àìsàn rẹ̀ le ju bí ó ṣe jẹ́ kí àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ mọ̀ lọ, ó sì kú lẹ́yìn ọ̀sẹ̀ mẹ́ta. Wọ́n ṣe ayẹyẹ ìsìnkú rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kan kí Ma Blackie tó dé; ó sì mú wọn padà sí Ibuza pẹ̀lú rẹ̀, níwọ̀n bí ó ti di aya àbúrò Ezekiel báyìí.

Ìdílé náà ní ìṣòro ní Ibuza – Ma Blackie ní owó tirẹ̀, nítorí náà àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ń gba ẹ̀kọ́ ju àwọn ọmọ mìíràn lọ ní abúlé náà, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn ọmọ àwọn ìyàwó ọkọ rẹ̀ tuntun mìíràn. Aku-nna ń tàn bí ewé, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó ti rẹrin tí kò sì lè ṣe nǹkan, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fa àfiyèsí àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin ní àdúgbò náà, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò tíì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rí nǹkan oṣù. Bàbá ọkọ rẹ̀, Okonkwo, tí ó ní ìfẹ́ ọkàn láti di olórí, bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í retí owó ìyàwó ńlá fún un. Nibayi, o ti bẹrẹ si nifẹẹ si olukọ rẹ Chike, ẹniti o tun ti ni ifẹ si i. Àtọmọdọ́mọ ẹrú ni Chike – nígbà tí ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn ará Igbo sábà máa ń rán àwọn ẹrú wọn lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn míṣọ́nnárì kí wọ́n lè tẹ́ àwọn míṣọ́nnárì lọ́rùn láìsí dí ìgbésí ayé àwọn ará Igbo lọ́wọ́, àti nísinsìnyí, àwọn ọmọ àwọn ẹrú wọ̀nyẹn ló ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipò àǹfààní ní agbègbè náà.

Ìpìlẹ̀ Chike tí kò dára tó túmọ̀ sí wípé kò ṣeéṣe kí Okonkwo gbà láti jẹ́ kí ó fẹ́ Aku-nna, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdílé rẹ̀ ní ọrọ̀ tó láti fún un ní owó ìyàwó tó pọ̀. Nígbà tí Aku-nna bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe nǹkan oṣù – àmì tó fi hàn pé ó ti dàgbà tó láti ṣe ìgbéyàwó báyìí – ó kọ́kọ́ fi pamọ́ kí ó lè dènà ìjà tí kò ṣeé yẹ̀ sílẹ̀. Nígbà tí ó sọ nígbẹ̀yìn pé ó ti ń ṣe nǹkan oṣù rẹ̀, àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin wá fẹ́ ẹ, wọ́n sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀bùn láti ọ̀dọ̀ Okonkwo. Ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ kan, lẹ́yìn tí ó gbọ́ pé òun ti yege ìdánwò ilé ìwé rẹ̀ (èyí tó túmọ̀ sí wípé ó lè di olùkọ́, tí ó sì ń gba owó láti ọwọ́ àwọn ẹlòmíràn yàtọ̀ sí owó ìyàwó), òun àti àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọbìnrin mìíràn tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ń jó fún ayẹyẹ Kérésìmesì tí ń bọ̀ nígbà tí àwọn ọkùnrin wọlé tí wọ́n sì jí i gbé.

Ìdílé Okoboshi, ọkùnrin onígbéraga tí ó sì ní àbùkù ní ẹsẹ̀, jí i gbé láti fi í ṣe aya kí wọ́n lè &quot;gbà&quot; á lọ́wọ́ ìfẹ́ tí Chike ní sí i. Ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó wọn, ó purọ́ fún Okoboshi pé òun kì í ṣe wúńdíá mọ́ àti pé òun ti bá Chike ní ìbálòpọ̀; èyí sì mú kí ọkùnrin náà kọ̀ láti fọwọ́ kàn án. Ní ọjọ́ kejì, ìròyìn nípa ìtìjú rẹ̀ ti tàn káàkiri abúlé náà nígbà tí Chike wá gbà á là, tí àwọn méjèèjì sì sá lọ sí Ughelli, níbi tí Chike ti ní iṣẹ́. Àwọn méjèèjì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní gbé ìgbé-ayé aláyọ̀ pọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n inú rẹ̀ kò balẹ̀ nítorí pé wọn kò tíì san owó orí rẹ̀—Okonkwo, tí inú rẹ̀ ti ru sókè, kọ̀ láti gba àwọn ọrẹ tó pọ̀ gan-an tí bàbá Chike ń fún un, ó sì ti dé ibi pé ó ti kọ Ma Blackie sílẹ̀, ó sì ń ṣe inúnibíni sí ère kan tí wọ́n fi àwòrán Aku-nna ṣe.

Nígbà tí ara Aku-nna bá yá, ó máa ń lọ sílé. Níbẹ̀, kò dájú bóyá òun yóò bí ọmọ. Láìpẹ́, dókítà ní ilé iṣẹ́ epo Chike jẹ́rìí sí i pé Aku-nna yóò bí ọmọ kan. Nígbà tó yá, tí ara rẹ̀ sì ń bàjẹ́, Chike mú un lọ sí ilé ìwòsàn. Níbẹ̀ ni Aku-nna kú nígbà tí ó ń bímọ. Chike ṣe ayẹyẹ ọmọ rẹ̀ Ayọ̀.

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Ìwé àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ tí Emecheta kọ ni ''The Bride Price'', ṣùgbọ́n àtúnṣe rẹ̀ àtilẹ̀wá sọnù nígbà tí ọkọ rẹ̀ ju ìwé àfọwọ́kọ náà sí iná - èyí tí ó fi hàn pé ó jẹ́ ìyọnu ìkẹyìn nínú ìgbéyàwó oníwà ipá tí ó fi sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà.  Ó tún kọ ìwé ìtàn náà lẹ́yìn náà, Allison &amp; Busby sì tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ìlú London ní ọdún 1976, lẹ́yìn tí ilé-iṣẹ́ náà ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ìwé ''Second Class Citizen'' (1974). 

== Gbigbawọle pataki ==
Wọ́n ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ''owó ìyàwó'' ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ méjèèjì ti Atlantic. Peter Tinniswood, tó ń kọ̀wé nínú ''ìwé ìròyìn The Times'', pe ìwé ìtàn náà ní “ohun tó yani lẹ́nu gan-an,” ó parí ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ pé: “Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá sẹ́yìn tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ìwé tó dùn mọ́ni ti wá láti dúdú Áfíríkà, ìwé yìí sì wà ní ipò gíga jùlọ nínú ìgbìmọ̀ náà. Mo dámọ̀ràn rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìtara àti láìsí ìfojúsùn.”  Anthony Thwaite kọ̀wé nínú ''ìwé The Observer'' pé: “Buchi Emecheta jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé tó ní ìtara gidigidi, tó máa ń fi òtítọ́ ìtàn àti ìmọ̀lára fún ìwà rẹ̀ dáni lójú.”  Hilary Bailey sọ nínú ''ìwé ìròyìn Tribune'' pé ìwé ìtàn náà “ṣe àṣeyọrí láti mú kí àwọn òǹkàwé mọ àwọn ohun tó wọ́pọ̀ fún gbogbo wa.”  Susannah Clapp nínú ''ìwé The Times Literary Supplement'' sọ pé dídára ìwé náà “kò sinmi lórí ìtàn tàbí ìrísí rẹ̀ ju lórí ìwífún tí a gbé kalẹ̀ nípa àwọn àṣà àti àwọn èrò tí ó wà lábẹ́ wọn lọ,” nígbà tí Valerie Cunningham nínú ìwé ''New Statesman'' pè é ní “ìwé ìtàn Nàìjíríà tí ó fani mọ́ra tí a kọ pẹ̀lú ìfẹ́ ṣùgbọ́n tí a kò fi ìmọ̀lára kọ, nípa bí àṣà ìgbéyàwó ìgbàanì ṣe ń wà láàyè ní Nàìjíríà òde òní” ó fi kún un pé ìwé yìí “fi hàn pé Buchi Emecheta jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé pàtàkì.” 

Àtúnyẹ̀wò náà nínú ìwé ìròyìn ''The New Yorker'' sọ pé: “Ìforígbárí àṣà Kristẹni àti ti Áfíríkà, ti ìran, ti àwọn ẹ̀sìn ìgbàanì àti ti òde òní, àti ti àṣà àwùjọ àti ìfẹ́ ẹnìkọ̀ọ̀kan ni a ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀ kedere nínú ìwé ìtàn mímọ́ àti aláìlágbára yìí…. Òǹkọ̀wé náà ní àṣà tí ó rọrùn, tí ó sì wúni lórí, ó sì ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ gbogbo ìwà ọ̀làjú, [[Àìní|òṣì]], ìgbàgbọ́ nínú ohun asán, àti ìwà ìkà lásán ti àṣà àtọwọ́dọ́wọ́ kan tí ó ṣì yàtọ̀ (fún àwọn òǹkàwé ìwọ̀-oòrùn) nígbà tí ó ń pa ìtàn rẹ̀ mọ́ bí orin àròsọ.” 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753806|Destination Biafra]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Destination Biafra|image=Destination Biafra.jpg|caption=|alt=|author=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|country=UK|language=English|series=[[Heinemann African Writers Series]]|set_in=[[Biafra]]/[[Nigeria]]|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]]|pub_date=1982|pages=246 (first edition)|isbn=9780435909925|oclc=8309889|preceded_by=The Moonlight Bride|followed_by=[[Naira Power]]}}


Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ '''''tí a ń pè ní &quot;Destination Biafra&quot;''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ tí a kọ ní ọdún 1982 láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Buchi Emecheta]], tí Allison &amp;amp;amp; Busby kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ jáde ní ìlú London. Wọ́n gbà pé ó jẹ́ ìròyìn ti Emecheta nípa [[Ogun Abele Nigeria|Ogun Biafra]] . A tún tẹ̀ ìwé ''ìròyìn Biafra'' jáde ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹta ọdún 1994 láti ọwọ́ Heinemann Educational Books gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ìwé ìròyìn African Writers Series . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ryan|url=Alan Ryan (horror writer)}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jilani|url=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Adams|pages=287–300}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Unnithan|pages=274–285}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Debbie Ogedemgbe, ọmọbinrin minisita kan ninu ijọba Naijiria ti o ni ọwọ ninu iwa ibajẹ, tako ifẹ awọn obi rẹ nipa didapọ mọ ẹgbẹ ọmọ-ogun. Awọn ero rẹ ti o tako ara wọn—ti o ni ibatan si ipa rẹ gẹgẹbi obinrin Naijiria ti o tẹle aṣa ati ifẹ rẹ lati kopa taara ninu ogun Biafra—n ṣe afihan ijakadi ti n lọ ni agbegbe rẹ.

== Àṣẹ tí a ti ṣe àkóso rẹ̀ ==
Nígbà tí ó ń tún ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ìwé ìtàn náà ní ọdún 2023, Ijedike Jeboma parí ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ pé: “Láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti tẹ̀ ìwé ìròyìn Destination Biafra jáde, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn òǹkọ̀wé Nàìjíríà ti ṣe àfikún sí ìwé ìtàn ogun Biafra . Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òǹkọ̀wé wọ̀nyí ti ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìrírí ara ẹni díẹ̀ nípa ogun Biafra, láti ilé wọn níta Nàìjíríà. Láti Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie sí Uwem Akpan, wíwa àwọn ìrántí tí a jogún lápapọ̀ ti di pàtàkì sí àtúnsọ ìtàn Biafra.... Síbẹ̀, Biafra ti Emecheta dúró ní iwájú gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìmọ́lẹ̀ ìtọ́sọ́nà; iṣẹ́ àkànṣe ńlá kan tí a gbọ́dọ̀ ṣe àwárí àti yí àwọn èrò padà láti inú rẹ̀.” 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Àjàgà Méjì</title>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753809|Double Yoke]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Double Yoke|image=Double Yoke.jpg|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=|authors=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|country=|language=[[English language|English]]|cover_artist=|genres=[[fiction]]|set_in=[[Nigeria]]|publisher=[[George Braziller]]|publisher2=|pub_date=2 September 1982|published=|media_type=Print ([[hardcover]])|pages=163 pp (1st edition)|isbn=978-0-8076-1128-9|isbn_note=(1st edition)|oclc=567508653|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=[[The Rape of Shavi]]|followed_by=|website=}}Ìwé ìtàn '''''Double Yoke''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Buchi Emecheta]] kọ ní ọdún 1982. A tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1982, láti ọwọ́ George Braziller .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1300473970|title=Double Yoke, Buchi Emecheta (Book Review)}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3991668|title=The Double Yoke: Women's Writing from the Third World}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn yìí tẹnu mọ́ bí ìgbésí ayé àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti àwọn olùkọ́ ṣe rí ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn yunifásítì ní Nàìjíríà. Ilé-ìwé gíga ti University of Calabar ni wọ́n ti gbé ìtàn náà kalẹ̀. Ete Kamba, ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin kan tí wọ́n ń retí pé yóò di ẹni pàtàkì ní ọjọ́ iwájú, pàdé Nko níbi àpèjẹ kan fún Arit—ìyáwó-ìbátan rẹ̀ tí ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ híhun irun. Nígbà tí wọ́n ń padà lọ sí ilé Nko, Ete fi agbára bá Nko ní ìbálòpọ̀; síbẹ̀, Nko kò kọ̀ ọ́ tàbí kí ó gbìyànjú láti dá a dúró. Ete kọ̀ láti fẹ́ Nko, ó sì sọ pé òun kò lè fẹ́ ẹni tí kì í ṣe wúńdíá mọ́. Ní parí, Ete Kamba sọ ipò tí Nko wà fún Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Ikot, ẹni tí ó lo àǹfààní ipò náà láti fi ipa mú Nko pé ó gbọ́dọ̀ bá òun ní ìbálòpọ̀ kí ó lè ṣe àṣeyọrí nínú ìdánwò rẹ̀. Nko gba láti ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n Ete Kamba gbọ́ nípa rẹ̀, ó sì lu Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n náà. Nko wá mọ̀ pé òun ti lóyún fún Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n náà.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
DAN Jones kọ̀wé nínú ìwé ''ìròyìn London Review of Books pé'' : “Ìwé ìtàn Buchi Emecheta ni a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1981 ní Yunifásítì Calabar . ''Ìyàrá méjì'' jẹ́ ìtàn ìgbésí ayé akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní yunifásítì náà, ó sì hàn gbangba pé olùkọ́ náà ti kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ rẹ̀, ó ń fa àwọn ẹsẹ ìwé jáde láti inú àwọn àròkọ àti ìdánrawò wọn láti sọ èrò tirẹ̀ nípa ìgbésí ayé àti èrò wọn. ... Inú Miss Emecheta dùn láti dá ìtàn rẹ̀ dúró kí ó sì sọ fún ẹni tó ń kà á ní tààràtà nípa àwọn ìwà àti ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ ní gbogbogbòò. Ọ̀nà yìí, ìwàásù nínú àkámọ́, jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn tó ní ìmọ̀, bíi Miss Emecheta, gbà.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v04/n17/d.a.n.-jones/a-good-girl-in-africa|title=A Good Girl in Africa|first=D.A.N.|last=Jones|date=16 September 1982|access-date=2 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní ọdún 1985, ìwé ìròyìn ''[[The New York Times]] kà á sí ìwé tuntun àti ohun pàtàkì.'' 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Gwendolen (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366652011|Gwendolen (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2752" sha1="qz71sx88n8ahj51aseel7bo0h3r5lci" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|authors=Buchi Emecheta|pub_date=1989-11-23|name=Gwendolen|image=Gwendolen (novel).jpg|language=English|genres=Literary Fiction|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.|media_type=Print (paperback)}}'''''Gwendolen''''' (orúkọ United Kingdom) jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọdún 1989 láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Buchi Emecheta]],  tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''''The Family''''' ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ìwé ìtàn kẹwàá rẹ̀ ni.

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Gwendolen, tí wọ́n tún ń pè ní June-June, jẹ́ ọmọbìnrin aláwọ̀ dúdú kan láti ilẹ̀ Jamaica, ẹni tí ó ń dàgbà lọ́dọ̀ ìyá-ìyá rẹ̀ ní ọ̀dọ̀ ìyá, ìyẹn Naomi. Àwọn òbí rẹ̀ tí wọ́n ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ láti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, Winston àti Sonia Brillianton, kó lọ sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì nígbà tí ó ṣì jẹ́ ọmọdé. Sonia kò béèrè fún un títí tí Gwendolen fi pé ọmọ ọdún mọ́kànlá, nígbà tí ó san owó ìrìn-àjò rẹ̀ lọ sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.

Ní Jamaica, aládùúgbò kan tó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlọ́gbọ̀n, Àbúrò Johnny, ló fipá bá Gwendolen lòpọ̀. Ó sọ àṣírí yìí fún ìyá-ìyá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó dojúkọ ọkùnrin náà, tí ó sì fi hàn fún àwọn aládùúgbò wọn yòókù, èyí tí ó mú ìtìjú bá Gwendolen.

Ní England, Gwendolen lọ sí ilé ìwé, ó sì ń ran àwọn àbúrò rẹ̀ ọkùnrin méjì, Ronald àti Marcus lọ́wọ́, àti àbúrò wọn obìnrin, Cheryl.

Nígbà tí ìyá rẹ̀ padà sí Jamaica fún ìbẹ̀wò gígùn láti bójútó ọ̀rọ̀ ìyá-ìyá rẹ̀ tó ti kú, Naomi, wọ́n tún fi ipá bá Gwendolen lòpọ̀—ní àkókò yìí, baba rẹ̀ Winston ló ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ó lóyún; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé Emmanuel, ọ̀dọ́kùnrin ọmọ ilẹ̀ Greece tí wọ́n jọ ń fẹ́ra wọn, ló ni ọmọ náà. Wọ́n gbé Gwendolen lọ sí ilé-ìtọ́jú àwọn aláìsàn ọpọlọ lẹ́yìn tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní hùwà tí ó fi hàn pé ọpọlọ rẹ̀ ti dàrú, ṣùgbọ́n kò sọ fún ẹnikẹ́ni ẹni tí ó jẹ́ baba ọmọ tí ó wà nínú rẹ̀ nítorí ìbẹ̀rù pé wọ́n lè fi baba rẹ̀ sẹ́wọ̀n. Ní àkókò kan náà, Winston kú nínú ìjìnlẹ̀ àjálù níbi iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn tí ó bí ọmọbìnrin kan tí ara rẹ̀ le koko, Gwendolen sọ ọmọ náà ní &quot;Iyamide&quot;, orúkọ Yorùbá tí ó túmọ̀ sí &quot;Ìyá mi ti dé&quot;. Nígbà tí Sonia rí bí wọ́n ṣe jọra tó, ó wá mọ̀ pé ọkọ rẹ̀ tó ti kú gan-an ni baba ọmọ Gwendolen.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Orí Orí Omi (ìwé)</title>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334627203|Head Above Water (book)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Head above Water|image=Head above Water.jpg|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=|author=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English language|cover_artist=[[Victor Ehikhamenor]]|genre=[[Non-fiction]], [[Autobiography]]|set_in=[[Nigeria]], [[London]]|publisher=Heinemann publisher Heinemann publisher|publisher2=|pub_date=1986|published=|media_type=Print ([[hardcover]])|pages=229 pp (first edition)|series=African Writers Series|isbn=9780950817736|isbn_note=(first edition)|oclc=59798996|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=|website=}}


Ìwé '''''Head Above Water''''' jẹ́ ìwé tí kì í ṣe ìtàn àròsọ tí a kọ ní ọdún 1986 láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn Nàìjíríà [[Buchi Emecheta]] . A tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 1986 nínú ìwé African Writers Series láti ọwọ́ Heinemann   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Head above water|first=Buchi|last=Emecheta}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Suspense Strategies in Buchi Emecheta's Head Above Water|first=S. J.|last=Boakye}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mfune-Mwanjakwa|first=Damazio|title=Ambivalence: Buchi Emecheta's rugged road towards female self-actualisation in Head Above Water}}&lt;/ref&gt; a sì ti ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí &quot;ìtàn-ọkàn [[Anecdote|onítàn-ọkàn]] .&quot; 

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
&quot;Head above Water&quot; jẹ́ ìtàn ìgbésí-ayé Buchi Emecheta fúnra rẹ̀. Ó sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn ọjọ́ rẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà, títí dé ìgbà tí ó wà ní London gẹ́gẹ́ bí òǹkọ̀wé olókìkí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17528631.2012.739913|title=Diasporan subjectivity and the dynamics of empowerment in Buchi Emecheta's Head Above Water}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ajaronline.com/index.php/AJAR/article/view/167|title=Autobiographical Traces of Bond Between A Novelist and Her Characters: The Case of Buchi Emecheta}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753842|In the Ditch (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book||name=In the Ditch|title_orig=|translator=|image=File:In_the_Ditch.jpg|caption=|author=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|series=[[African Writers Series]]|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|set_in=[[Nigeria]], [[London]]|publisher=[[Allison &amp; Busby]]|release_date=1972|media_type=Print ([[paperback]])|pages=|isbn=|oclc=|preceded_by=|followed_by=[[Second Class Citizen (novel)|Second Class Citizen]]}}


Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ kan tí òǹkọ̀wé [[ọmọ Nàìjíríà]] [[Buchi Emecheta]] kọ ní ọdún 1972 ni '''''In the Ditch''''' . A kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde lórí ''New Statesman'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé àkọsílẹ̀ déédéé, lẹ́yìn náà ni Allison &amp;amp;amp; Busby tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 1972 ní [[Lọndọnu|London]],  níbi tí Margaret Busby ti jẹ́ olóòtú rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=Margaret Busby|author=Busby}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
&quot;In the Ditch&quot; ni ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ tí òǹkọ̀wé Buchi Emecheta kọ. Apá kan ìwé náà dá lórí ìtàn ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ gan-an, ó sì jẹ́ èyí tí ó dá lórí àwọn ìrírí ara-ẹni rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó dojú kọ ipò òṣì nígbà tí ó ń tọ́ àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ dàgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyá tí kò ní ọkọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bekers|first1=Elisabeth|chapter=Experimenting in the Ditch: Buchi Emecheta's Early Novels of Transformation|date=2021|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72766-6_12|title=British Experimental Women's Fiction, 1945—1975: Slipping Through the Labels|pages=257–278|editor-last=Radford|editor-first=Andrew|place=Cham|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-72766-6_12|isbn=978-3-030-72766-6|access-date=23 August 2021|editor2-last=Van Hove|editor2-first=Hannah}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó sọ pé òun ka ìwé náà sí &quot;ọmọ òun kẹfà,&quot; ó sì wáyé lẹ́yìn tí ó pinnu láti kọ ohun tí òun mọ̀, ní fífi àwọn ìrírí gidi ìgbésí ayé òun ṣe ìpìlẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Emecheta|first1=Buchi|date=1982|title=A Nigerian writer living London|url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol4/iss1/11|journal=[[Kunapipi]]|volume=4|publisher=University of Wollongong Research Online|issue=1|issn=0106-5734}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lẹ́yìn tí Emecheta bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ nípa àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ láti inú ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀, ọ̀rẹ́ kan dábàá pé kí ó fi wọ́n hàn Richard Crossman, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ olóòtú ìwé ìròyìn ''New Statesman'' nígbà náà. Emecheta bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ “Observations” lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀ èyí tí ó fi ránṣẹ́ sí Crossman, ẹni tí ó tẹ̀ wọ́n jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé àkọsílẹ̀ déédéé. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Scholes|first=Lucy|date=28 February 2019|title=Re-Covered: In the Ditch|url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2019/02/28/re-covered-in-the-ditch/|access-date=23 August 2021|journal=[[The Paris Review]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọkọ Emecheta nígbà náà gbìyànjú láti ba ìkọ̀wé rẹ̀ jẹ́, ó sì ti pa ìwé àfọwọ́kọ àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ run, ''The Bride Price'', èyí tí wọ́n tún kọ ní ọdún 1976 lẹ́yìn náà. Nítorí èyí, Emecheta parí sí kíkọ àti ìtẹ̀jáde ìwé ''In the Ditch'', nípa ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ó ti ya ara rẹ̀ kúrò lọ́dọ̀ ọkọ rẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Jussawalla|first1=Feroza F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmNRxj5pzTYC&amp;dq=%22Interviews+with+Writers+of+the+Post-colonial+World%22+buchi+emecheta&amp;pg=PA85|title=Interviews with Writers of the Post-colonial World|last2=Dasenbrock|first2=Reed Way|date=1992|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-0-87805-572-2|pages=84–85|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Nínú ìwé The Ditch,'' ó sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ ẹlẹ́yàmẹ̀yà, ìbálòpọ̀, ìṣọ̀kan àti [[Àìní|òṣì]] nípasẹ̀ ìrírí Emecheta gẹ́gẹ́ bí àlejò nínú ètò ìrànlọ́wọ́. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Olúbùnmi Smith|first=Pamela J.|date=1995|title=In the Ditch|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/232774509.pdf|publisher=University of Nebraska at Omaha|journal=Goodrich Scholarship Faculty Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bruner|first=Charlotte|date=1986|title=The Other Audience: Children and the Example of Buchi Emecheta|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/524087|journal=African Studies Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Umeh|first=Marie|date=1980|title=African Women in Transition in The Novels of Buchi Emecheta|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/presa.116.0190|journal=[[Présence Africaine]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní pàtàkì, ó dojúkọ àìṣòdodo tí àwọn obìnrin òṣìṣẹ́ ní Britain ń dojúkọ, tí wọ́n fi ìyà jẹ nílé àti ìpele méjì ní àwùjọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn náà dá lórí Adah, ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kan tó fẹ́ ọmọ ìlú London. Ọkọ rẹ̀ pinnu láti padà sí Nàìjíríà ṣùgbọ́n ìyàwó náà kọ̀. Lẹ́yìn náà, ọkùnrin náà lọ sí Nàìjíríà; ó fi ìyàwó rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ márùn-ún sílẹ̀ ní London. Iyawo naa ni lati gbarale iranlọwọ ijọba ati iṣẹ meji lati le wa laaye pẹlu awọn ọmọ rẹ.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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{{Infobox book|country=Nigeria}}

'''''Kehinde''''' jẹ̀ Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ kan tí Buchi Emecheta kọ ní ọdún 1994 ni èyí. Ó sọ nípa obìnrin ọmọ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbé ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Kehinde Okolo, àti ọkọ rẹ̀ Albert, pẹ̀lú bí wọ́n ṣe ń ronú nípa ṣíṣe ìpadàbọ̀ sí Nàìjíríà láti London.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Emecheta|first=Buchi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a5AAAACAAJ&amp;q=kehinde|title=Kehinde|date=2005|publisher=Waveland Press|isbn=978-1-57766-419-2|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Albert ní ìfẹ́ ọkàn láti ní ipò pàtàkì ní Nàìjíríà, nígbà tí Kehinde, tí ó lóyún, kò sì fẹ́ fi London sílẹ̀. Ní parí, Albert—tí ó máa ń fẹ́ láti máa darí ohun gbogbo—kúrò níbẹ̀ nìkan, ó sì fi Kehinde sílẹ̀ láti pinnu fún ara rẹ̀ bóyá yóò tẹ̀lé e tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Naira Power</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371791027|Naira Power]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Naira Power|image=Naira Power.jpg|caption=|alt=|author=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|country=Nigeria|language=English|series=[[Pacesetter Novels|Pacesetter series]]|set_in=[[Nigeria]]|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]]|pub_date=1982|pages=108 (first edition)|isbn=9780333336380|oclc=11331334|preceded_by=[[Destination Biafra]]|followed_by=Adah's Story}}'''''Naira Power'''''  jẹ́ ìwé-ìtàn àròsọ tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Buchi Emecheta, kọ ní ọdún 1982. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara àkjọpọ̀ ìwé-ìtàn àròsọ gbajúmọ̀ tí a mọ̀ sí 'Pacesetter series', èyí tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Macmillan tẹ̀ jáde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=Q00028569|title=Environmental issues in Buchi Emecheta's 'Naira Power'|journal=Bridges (Dakar, Senegal)|last=Dieng|first=G.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J8xDWDqOkEC&amp;q=Buchi+Emecheta+21+July+1944&amp;pg=PA161|title=The International Who's Who of Women 2002|last=Sleeman|first=Elizabeth|publisher=Psychology Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwankwo|first=Chimalum|title=Emecheta's Social Vision: Fantasy or Reality?|journal=Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies|date=1988|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt0rt7p8ck/qt0rt7p8ck.pdf?t=mniqis|publisher=University of California}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
&quot;Naira Power&quot; jẹ́ ìtàn kan nípa ìbàjẹ́ àti ìwà-àìṣòdodo, níbi tí Ramonu, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ akọni-ìtàn náà, ti lo ọrọ̀ rẹ̀ láti darí ọ̀rọ̀ ìdájọ́. Gbogbo nǹkan wá dàrú nígbà tí agbára rẹ̀ yẹn wá parí.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Ẹ̀yà Tuntun</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753876|The New Tribe]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book||name=The New Tribe|image=File:The_New_Tribe.jpg|caption=|author=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|series=[[African Writers Series]]|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|set_in=[[Nigeria]], [[London]]|publisher=[[Allison &amp; Busby]]|pages=|isbn=|oclc=|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}Ìwé ìtàn '''''The New Tribe''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2000 tí òǹkọ̀wé [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]] Buchi Emecheta kọ. Allison &amp;amp;amp; Busby ló kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde, Heinemann sì tún tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú Ẹ̀ka Àwọn Òǹkọ̀wé Áfíríkà .  &lt;ref&gt;https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php%3Fid%3D5157 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41556165|title=Postcolonial Fictions of Adoption|last=McLeod, John}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé ìtàn yìí sọ nípa Chester, ọmọkùnrin ọmọ Nàìjíríà kan tí ìdílé aláwọ̀ funfun kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì—tí wọ́n wà ní ipò ọrọ̀ àárín—gbà tọ́ dàgbà; òun nìkan sì ni ọmọ aláwọ̀ dúdú ní àdúgbò rẹ̀. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìrìn-àjò lọ sí Nàìjíríà láti wá mọ̀ nípa ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Ìfipábánilòpọ̀ Shavi</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753905|The Rape of Shavi]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=The Rape of Shavi|image=The Rape of Shavi.jpg|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=|author=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|cover_artist=|genre=[[fiction]]|set_in=Shavi, [[Africa]]|publisher=[[George Braziller]]|publisher2=|pub_date=1983|published=|media_type=Print ([[hardcover]])|pages=229 pp (first edition)|isbn=0807611182|isbn_note=(first edition)|oclc=11519833|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=Adah's Story|followed_by=[[Double Yoke]]|website=}}'''''Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ The Rape of Shavi''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọdún 1983 tí òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] Buchi Emecheta kọ. George Braziller ló kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 1983.  

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn yìí dá lórí àwọn ará Shavi; àwùjọ àròsọ kan ní agbègbè aṣálẹ̀ Sahara níbi tí kò sí ẹni tí ó ga ju ẹlòmíràn lọ. Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn dé: Andria, Ista, Flip, Mendoza, àti Ronje; wọ́n ṣàdédé dé sí Shavi nígbà tí Ọba Patayon the Slow ń bá aya rẹ̀ sọ̀rọ̀. Àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn náà—tí àwọn ará Shavi rò pé wọ́n jẹ́ ońṣẹ́—kọ́kọ́ bá àwọn ènìyàn náà gbé ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àṣà àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí-ayé wọn, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé Ronje fi ipá bá obìnrin ará Shavi kan lòpọ̀. Àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn náà kópa nínú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti títà ọjà pẹ̀lú àwọn ará Shavi, nígbà tí wọ́n sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti fi epo sí ọkọ̀ òfuurufú wọn tí wọ́n ń pè ní &quot;Newark&quot; kí wọ́n sì tún un ṣe. Níkẹyìn, àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn náà padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú àwọn òkúta iyebíye (diamond) àti àwọn òkúta &quot;crystal,&quot; pẹ̀lú Asogba, ọmọkùnrin Ọba Patayon the Slow. Mendoza, ẹni tí ó ti rí ọ̀nà ìṣòwò tuntun kan, rán Asogba padà sí Shavi pẹ̀lú àwọn ìbọn àti ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ oníwọ̀-ilẹ̀-gbígbóná (jeeps). Ní ​​ti Asogba, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fi ipá gba ohun-ìní lọ́wọ́ àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀ àti àwọn ará abúlé tó wà ní àyíká wọn, kí ó lè fi àwọn òkúta iyebíye àti &quot;crystal&quot; ránṣẹ́ sí Mendoza. Ọjà &quot;crystal&quot; náà wó lulẹ̀, èyí sì fi Asogba sí ipò ìdààmú ńlá àti àìní owó kankan.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Richard Eder tó ń kọ ìwé fún ''Los Angeles Times'' pè é ní “àròsọ aláìlágbára.”  Nígbà tí Michiko Kakutani ń ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ìwé náà fún ìwé ìròyìn ''[[The New York Times|The New York Times,]]'' ó sọ pé “Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, ìtumọ̀ Emecheta jẹ́ ohun tí kò ṣe kedere, tí ó sì jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ ohun tí kò ṣe kedere, tí òǹkàwé kò fi lè gbé e sókè rárá.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/23/books/books-of-the-times-africa-despoiled.html|title=Books of the Times; AFRICA DESPOILED|first=Michiko|last=Kakutani|date=23 February 1985|access-date=19 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olùwádìí kan ní ''Gale'' fi wé “ìṣẹ́gun àwọn ará Yúróòpù lórí Áfíríkà.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&amp;sw=w&amp;issn=08884412&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;id=GALE%7CA205735219&amp;sid=googleScholar&amp;linkaccess=abs|title=The cycle of Utopia in Buchi Emecheta's The Rape of Shavi|first=Danita|last=Dodson|date=22 March 1996|access-date=19 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753917|Second Class Citizen (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Second Class Citizen|title_orig=|translator=|image=Second Class Citizen (book).jpg|caption=First edition cover|author=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[London]], England|language=English|series=|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|publisher=[[Allison &amp; Busby]]|release_date={{date and age|1974}}|english_release_date=|media_type=Print|pages=174|isbn=978-0-8076-1128-9|oclc=|preceded_by=[[In the Ditch (novel)|In the Ditch]]|followed_by=[[The Bride Price]]}}'''''Ìwé ìtàn Second Class Citizen''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 1974 tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Buchi Emecheta]] kọ. Allison àti Busby ló kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ìlú London, England, níbi tí olóòtú Emecheta ti jẹ́ Margaret Busby, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=Deirdre Osborne}}&lt;/ref&gt;, George Braziller sì tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 1975. A sábà máa ń pè é ní ìtàn ìgbésí ayé aláìlẹ́gbẹ́, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_YatfLrgnMC&amp;q=Buchi+Emecheta+21+July+1944&amp;pg=PA164|title=The Atlantic Companion to Literature in English}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ìwé ìtàn náà ní ìtàn Adah, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré pàtàkì nínú ìwé náà, obìnrin ará Nàìjíríà tí ó borí ìjẹgàba ẹ̀yà àwọn obìnrin àti àìmọye ìdènà láti ṣe àṣeyọrí ìgbésí ayé òmìnira fún ara rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀. Ó ṣí láti Nàìjíríà lọ sí London, níbi tí ó ti dojú kọ ipò ìgbésí ayé líle àti ìgbéyàwó oníwà ipá pẹ̀lú Francis. Ìwé ìtàn náà ń ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ nípa ìbálòpọ̀ àti ìgbéyàwó, ẹ̀sìn àti ìṣíwájú.

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Adah jẹ́ ọmọbìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀yà Igbo. Ó wá láti Ibuza, ó sì ń gbé ní ìlú Èkó. Ó ní àlá láti lọ máa gbé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Britain. Lẹ́yìn tí bàbá rẹ̀ kú, wọ́n rán Adah lọ máa gbé pẹ̀lú ẹbí àbúrò tàbí ẹ̀gbọ́n bàbá rẹ̀. Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé ní ​​Nàìjíríà, wọ́n sì gbà á síṣẹ́ ní ilé-iṣẹ́ aṣojú ìjọba Amẹ́ríkà gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣìṣẹ́ ní ilé-ìwé-ìwé wọn. Owó tí ó ń rí gbà nínú iṣẹ́ yìí tó láti mú kí ó jẹ́ ẹni tí Francis fẹ́ láti fẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí aya.

Francis rin irin-ajo lọ si ilẹ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú iranlọwọ Adah lati lọ kọ́ nípa iṣẹ́ iṣiro-owo (accountancy). Adah ni ẹni ti n pese ohun gbogbo ti idile rẹ̀ ati idile ọkọ rẹ̀ nilo. O yi ọkan idile ọkọ rẹ̀ pada lati gba pe oun ati awọn ọmọ naa tun ni ẹtọ lati wa ni ilẹ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Francis gbagbọ pe awọn jẹ olugbe ti ko ni ẹtọ kikun (ti a ka si ẹlẹẹkeji) ni ilẹ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì nitori wọn kii ṣe ọmọ ilu naa. Adah wa iṣẹ ni ile-ikawe kan, o si n san gbogbo awọn inawo wọn, lakoko ti o tun n tọju awọn ọmọ wọn.

Kò pẹ́ lẹ́yìn tí Adah bí ọmọ kẹrin rẹ̀, ó kọ ìwé kan tí ó dá lórí ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Ó fi í hàn àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ kan ní ilé ìkàwé, wọ́n sì fún un níṣìírí, wọ́n sì gbà á nímọ̀ràn láti fi í hàn àwọn olùtẹ̀wé. Ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tí ó tún fi ìwé àfọwọ́kọ náà hàn Francis, ó ju ìwé náà sínú iná. Èyí mú inú bí Adah, ẹni tí ó jà nípa fífi í sílẹ̀ tí ó sì mú àwọn ọmọ náà lọ pẹ̀lú rẹ̀.

Sibẹsibẹ, Francis wa wọn ni ibi tuntun wọn o si lu Adah lailoriire ni igbiyanju lati mu u pada si ile, pelu oyun ti o ni fun ọmọ karun wọn. Adah dáhùn nípa wíwá ìrànlọ́wọ́ òfin. Ilé ẹjọ́ pàṣẹ fún Francis láti yẹra fún wọn, wọ́n sì pàṣẹ fún un láti san owó ìtọ́jú ọmọ, èyí tí ó dáhùn pé kò bìkítà fún un bóyá wọ́n gbé àwọn ọmọ náà fún ìgbàṣọmọ. Èyí tún mú kí Adah bínú sí i, ẹni tó kéde fún ilé ẹjọ́ pé òun ni àwọn ọmọ náà, òun kò sì ní já wọn kulẹ̀ níwọ̀n ìgbà tí òun bá wà láàyè.

Ìwé náà parí pẹ̀lú Adah àti àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ tí wọ́n fi ààfin sílẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́gun. Bí wọ́n ṣe ń lọ, Adah pàdé ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ àtijọ́ kan láti Nàìjíríà, ẹni tí ó ń sanwó fún ọkọ̀ takisí rẹ̀ nílé.

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
A kọ ìtàn tuntun yìí sí ìwé ìtàn Emecheta tí wọ́n pè ní ''In the Ditch ní'' ọdún 1972 lẹ́yìn tí Emecheta fi ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ tí kò ní ìtẹ́lọ́rùn sílẹ̀, tó sì ń tọ́ àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ márùn-ún gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìyá kan ṣoṣo. Ní ojú ìwé ìyàsímímọ́ sí ''Second Class Citizen'', òǹkọ̀wé náà tọ́ka sí “àwọn ọmọ mi ọ̀wọ́n, Florence, Sylvester, Jake, Christy àti Alice, láìsí àwọn ohùn ìpìlẹ̀ dídùn tí a kò bá ti kọ ìwé yìí”. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=Margaret Busby|title=Buchi Emecheta obituary|first=Margaret|last=Busby|date=3 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gbigbawọle pataki ==
Hermione Harris kọ̀wé nínú ''ìwé Race &amp;amp;amp; Class pé'' : “Nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé nípa ẹ̀yà àti àwùjọ dúdú ní Britain tí ó ti farahàn ní àwọn ọdún 1960 àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1970, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé funfun ni wọ́n kọ nípa ìbáṣepọ̀ láàárín àwùjọ funfun àti àwọn “aṣíwájú” dúdú. Àwọn ìròyìn díẹ̀ ló ti farahàn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn tí wọ́n gba ẹ̀tanú ẹ̀yà tàbí òmìnira ti ìrírí àwọn dúdú ti Britain. Nípa ipò pàtó ti àwọn obìnrin dúdú, kò sí ohunkóhun. Nítorí náà, ''Second Class Citizen'' jẹ́ ohun kan tí ó jẹ́ ìfihàn.” 

Wọ́n tẹ̀ ìwé tuntun kan jáde fún eré Penguin Modern Classics ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2020, lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún tí wọ́n ti fi ṣe ìwé náà. John Self nínú ''[[The Guardian|ìwé ìròyìn The Guardian]]'' kọ̀wé pé, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó wà lórí àkójọ àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ìwé ìròyìn ''Granta'' tó dára jùlọ ní ọdún 1983, ní àwọn ọdún tó tẹ̀lé e, Emecheta “kò gba àmì ìtẹ̀sí. Nítorí náà, ó jẹ́ ìdájọ́ òdodo pé òun jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Granta díẹ̀, pẹ̀lú Martin Amis àti Shiva Naipaul, tí wọ́n gbé ga sí àkójọ àwọn òǹkọ̀wé Penguin Modern Classics.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2021-10-31|title=Second-Class Citizen by Buchi Emecheta review – fresh and timeless|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/oct/31/second-class-citizen-by-buchi-emecheta-review-fresh-and-timeless|access-date=2021-12-28|first=John|last=Self}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ainehi Edoro]], tó ń kọ̀wé nínú ìwé ''Times Literary Supplement'', ṣàkíyèsí pé ''Second Class Citizen'' “jẹ́ ìwé kan nípa àlá, òtítọ́ kan tí a sábà máa ń gbàgbé nígbà tí a bá ń yára gbé e kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ lórí ìṣèlú ẹ̀yà àti abo,” ó kíyèsí pé bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwé ìtàn náà ń ṣe àwárí àwọn ọ̀ràn wọ̀nyí, “ó tún sọ ìtàn ìjíde utopian kan: nípa bí Adah, ọmọbìnrin kan tí baba ńlá yàn láti jẹ́ aláìsọ̀rọ̀ àti aláìṣe pàtàkì, ṣe rí ohùn láti sọ fún gbogbo ayé pé òun ṣe pàtàkì.” 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Ọmọbìnrin Ẹrú (ìtàn 1977)</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371400086|The Slave Girl (1977 novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=The Slave Girl|image=The Slave Girl (a novel).jpg|caption=Cover of the UK 1st edition|cover_artist=[[Taiwo Jegede]]|author=[[Buchi Emecheta]]|country=United Kingdom|language=English|subject=|genre=Historical fiction|publisher=[[Allison and Busby]]|published=1977 (hardback)|pages=179|awards=[[Jock Campbell, Baron Campbell of Eskan|Jock Campbell]] Award from the ''[[New Statesman]]''|preceded_by=[[The Bride Price]]|followed_by=[[The Joys of Motherhood]]}}Ìwé ìtàn '''''The Slave Girl''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 1977 láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé [[ọmọ Nàìjíríà]] [[Buchi Emecheta]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Grimes|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí Allison àti Busby tẹ̀ jáde ní UK àti ní Amẹ́ríkà láti ọwọ́ George Braziller . Ó gba Ẹ̀bùn Jock Campbell láti ọwọ́ ''New Statesman'' ní ọdún 1978. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|publisher=Atlantic Publishers &amp; Dist|isbn=9788126908325}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ìwé ìtàn náà ni ìwé kẹrin tí Emecheta kọ; wọ́n yà á sí mímọ́ fún olóòtú rẹ̀ Margaret Busby . 

Wọ́n tún gbé ''Ọmọbìnrin Ẹrú jáde'' ní ọdún 2018 láti ọwọ́ Omenala Press. 

== Àkótán ==
Ìtàn ìwé &quot;The Slave Girl&quot; wáyé ní Nàìjíríà ní àkókò ìṣàkóso àwọn òkèèrè (colonial era), ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1900, ó sì sọ nípa Ogbanje Ojebeta, ẹni tí wọ́n ta sí ipò ẹrú láti máa ṣiṣẹ́ nílé lẹ́yìn ikú àwọn òbí rẹ̀. Ó rí ìtùnú láàárín àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tí wọ́n jẹ́ ẹrú pẹ̀lú rẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún kọ́ àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ líle koko nípa ohun tí ó túmọ̀ sí láti jẹ́ ẹni tí ẹlòmíràn ni gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun-ìní. Bí Ojebeta ṣe ń dàgbà di obìnrin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fẹ́ òmìnira àti láti ní ìdílé tirẹ̀. Ó wá mọ̀ pé òun fúnra rẹ̀ gbọ́dọ̀ pinnu ọjọ́-iwájú òun, nígbà tí àǹfààní sì yọjú, ó ṣe ìpinnu kan tí ó lè ya àwa òde-òní tí a ń ka ìwé náà lẹ́nu.&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

== Gbigbawọle pataki ==
Àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò tó dára nípa ìwé ìtàn náà fara hàn nínú àwọn ìwé tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú ''New Statesman'' – èyí tó sọ pé: “Buchi Emecheta mú kí ènìyàn ní ìbánikẹ́dùn gidigidi; ìwé ìtàn onífẹ̀ẹ́ yìí fi ẹ̀sùn ìwà àìdáa àwọn abọ̀rìṣà àti ìwà àìdáa Kristẹni sí àwọn obìnrin hàn” – àti ìwé ''Sunday Telegraph'' : “Arábìnrin Emecheta tún ṣẹ̀dá ìwà àti ìran tó dájú, ó sì... ṣàlàyé àpapọ̀ àṣà ìgbà àtijọ́ tí ó ti ṣe àfikún sí ìwà ìsinsìnyí.” 

Nígbà tí Carol Dix ń kọ̀wé sí ''[[The Guardian|ìwé ìròyìn The Guardian]]'', ó sọ pé ìwé ìtàn náà “sọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìkọ̀wé àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ìfẹ́ obìnrin di ohun tí kò ṣe pàtàkì....Ó mú kí o fẹ́ kí àwọn òǹkọ̀wé púpọ̀ sí i wá láti àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ aláwọ̀ funfun tí wọn kò kàwé ní àárín; èyí tí ó jẹ́ ohun tí a gbọ́dọ̀ máa gbìyànjú láti fún níṣìírí.”  Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àtúnyẹ̀wò Juliana Ogunseiju fún Africa Book Club ti sọ: “Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé tó dára jùlọ ní Áfíríkà kí ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ tó dé, a sì gbà ọ́ níyànjú gidigidi.”  Anita Kern nínú ''ìwé World Literature Today'' sọ pé: “Ojebeta jẹ́ àfikún tó dára sí àwòrán àwọn akọni obìnrin Nàìjíríà tó kéré jù.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Review of The Slave Girl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn ==

* 1978: Ẹ̀bùn Jock Campbell láti ọwọ́ ''New Statesman''

== Kíkà síwájú síi ==

* Brodzki, Bella (1994), &quot;  Àwọn Olùkọ́ Tó Ń Yípadà': Ìbálòpọ̀, Irú-ẹ̀kọ́, àti Àwọn Ọ̀rọ̀ Nípa Ìsìnrú&quot;, nínú Margaret R. Higonnet (àtúnṣe), ''Iṣẹ́ Ààlà: Ìbálòpọ̀ Obìnrin pẹ̀lú Ìwé Ìfiwéra'', Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press, ojú ìwé 42–60.
* 
* Sheldon, Kathleen (2000) “Ọmọbìnrin ẹrú Buchi Emecheta,” nínú Margaret Jean Hay (àtúnṣe), Àwọn ìwé ìtàn ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà nínú kíláàsì, Boulder, Kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì: Lynne Rienner, ojú ìwé 133-144.
* Tahbildar, Barnali (1997), [https://www.postcolonialweb.org/nigeria/emecheta/btwomen1.html &quot;Ipa Obìnrin Nàìjíríà nínú Ọmọbìnrin Ẹrú Emecheta&quot;], ''Postcolonial Web'' .

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364515145|Little Rot]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|author=[[Akwaeke Emezi]]|pub_date=4 July 2024|genre=Fiction|language=English|publisher=[[Riverhead Books]]|title_orig=Little Rot|set_in=Nigeria|pages=288|image=File:Little_Rot.jpg}}


Ìwé ìtàn '''''Little Rot''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2024 tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Akwaeke Emezi]] kọ. Ìwé ìtàn yìí tẹ̀lé àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ márùn-ún tí wọ́n di ẹni tí ó kó sínú ìdẹkùn ìbálòpọ̀, irọ́ pípa, àti ìwà ìbàjẹ́.

== Àkótán ==
Ìtàn &quot;Little Rot&quot; waye láàárín àwọn ọlọ́rọ̀ àti àwọn ẹni pàtàkì ní ìlú kan ní Nàìjíríà, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ṣàfihàn àwọn apá ibi tí ó farapamọ́ nínú ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ìtàn náà dá lórí àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ márùn-ún kan tí wọ́n retí ìrọ̀lẹ́ tí ó kún fún ayọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n wá bá ara wọn nínú ipò rúdurùdu àti ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ó kún fún ìgbámú-ọkàn. Ìwé náà tún sọ nípa tọkọtaya kan, Aima àti Kalu, tí wọ́n ti wà papọ̀ fún ìgbà pípẹ́ ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n wá pínyà lẹ́yìn àkókò gígùn yẹn. 

Kalu, tí ó ní ìdààmú nítorí ìpínyà rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú alábàáṣiṣẹ́pọ̀ rẹ̀ Aima láìpẹ́ yìí, lọ síbi àríyá ìbálòpọ̀ tí ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ tímọ́tímọ́, Ahmed, ṣe. Kò mọ̀ rárá pé yíyàn yìí yóò mú ìdàrúdàpọ̀ àti ìyípadà ńlá kan wá sí ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀. Láàrín gbogbo èyí, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìbálòpọ̀ méjì láti Nàìjíríà, Ola àti Suoraya, tí wọ́n wá láti [[Kuala Lumpur]], di ẹni tí wọ́n kó ara wọn jọ nínú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́ yìí. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọn rí wọn bí wọ́n ṣe dì mọ́ ara wọn nínú ayé òjìji ìlú náà àti àìní láti sá fún ewu ewu náà.

== Àwọn Òṣèré ==

* '''Aima''' ni ọ̀rẹ́bìnrin Kalu, ẹni tí ìpinnu rẹ̀ mú ìdàrúdàpọ̀ wá.
* '''Kalu''' ni ọ̀rẹ́kùnrin náà, ẹni tí ìfọ́mọbìnrin rẹ̀ àti ọ̀rẹ́bìnrin rẹ̀ dùn ún gidigidi.
* '''Ahmed''' ni ọ̀rẹ́ Kalu tó dára jùlọ, ẹni tó ń ṣètò àpèjẹ ìbálòpọ̀.
* Olówò ìbálòpọ̀ ni '''Ola''', ó sì di ẹni tí ó kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ìsopọ̀ ìbálòpọ̀, irọ́ pípa àti ìwà ìbàjẹ́.
* Obìnrin oníṣekúṣe ni '''Suoraya''' tó kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ìsopọ̀ ìbálòpọ̀, irọ́ pípa àti ìwà ìbàjẹ́.

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Chelsea Leu ti ''[[The New York Times]]'' ṣe àpèjúwe ìparí ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ní pàtàkì nínú ìyípadà inú àti ìyípadà ìkẹyìn pípé tí ó fa àwọn òǹkàwé pàápàá sínú àjọṣepọ̀.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-06-16|title=It Was Supposed to Be a Fun Night Out. It Led to a Criminal Underworld. (Published 2024)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/16/books/review/little-rot-akwaeke-emezi.html|archivedate=2025-07-21|access-date=2025-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Carol V. Bell, tó ń kọ̀wé fún ''Los Angeles Times,'' ṣàpèjúwe ''Little Rot'' gẹ́gẹ́ bí &quot;...ìsọ̀kalẹ̀ tó dùn mọ́ni ṣùgbọ́n tó ṣòro láti yípadà sí òkùnkùn&quot;. 

''Àtúnyẹ̀wò Chicago of Books''  àti ''Kirkus Reviews''  sọ pé, “Little Rot yóò gbé ọ lọ sí ìrìn àjò onílùú lábẹ́ ojú àwọn ènìyàn, àwọn ibi, àti àwọn nǹkan,” àti pé ó jẹ́ “ìfẹ́ òde òní fún àwọn aláìṣòótọ́ àti àwọn aláìṣòótọ́”, ní ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>O fi Ẹwà Rẹ Ṣe Òmùgọ̀ Ikú</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:45:31Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372052808|You Made a Fool of Death with Your Beauty]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=You Made a Fool of Death with Your Beauty|image=File:You Made a Fool of Death with Your Beauty.jpg|caption=First edition|author=[[Akwaeke Emezi]]|country=United States&lt;br&gt;United Kingdom|language=English|genre=[[Romance novel]]|published=|pages=336 pp.|isbn=9781982188702|publisher=[[Atria Books]] (US)&lt;br&gt;[[Faber &amp; Faber]] (UK)|pub_date=24 May 2022 (US)&lt;br&gt;26 May 2022 (UK)|audio_read_by=Bahni Turpin|dewey=823/.92|congress=PR9387.9.E42 Y68 2022|media_type=Print, ebook, audiobook|isbn_note=&lt;br&gt;(hardcover 1st ed.)}}


Ìwé ìtàn ìfẹ́ tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Akwaeke Emezi]] kọ ní ọdún 2022 ni '''''ìwọ fi ṣe òmùgọ̀ ikú''''' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kwon|first=R. O.|date=2022-05-20|title=An Ode to Living With, and Despite, Pain and Mortality|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/20/books/you-made-a-fool-of-death-with-your-beauty-akwaeke-emezi.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ìwé ìtàn ìfẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Emezi àti ìwé ìtàn àròsọ kẹta fún àwọn àgbàlagbà ni, ó sì tẹ̀lé Feyi Adekola, ayàwòrán ojú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ará Amẹ́ríkà, bí ó ṣe ń wo ara rẹ̀ sàn kúrò nínú ìbànújẹ́ opó tí ó sì rí ìfẹ́ tuntun. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
ÌÌwé ìtàn àròsọ yìí ni ìwé àròsọ oní-ìtàn ìfẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ láti ọwọ́ Emezi, wọ́n sì sọ pé orin &quot;Hunger&quot; ti Florence + the Machine ló fún wọn ní ìwúrí díẹ̀ fún kíkọ ọ́.    Emezi fa orukọ iwe naa yọ lati inu awọn ọrọ orin kan, lẹyin ti wọn ti gbiyanju awọn orukọ miiran fun iwe-itan naa ti wọn si rii pe wọn ko ba a mu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Nígbà tí wọ́n ń kọ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ yìí, wọn kò fẹ́ kí ó tẹ̀lé àwọn ọ̀nà tí wọ́n sábà máa ń gbà kọ àwọn ìwé ìtàn ìfẹ́ lásán; dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n sọ ọ́ di ìtàn nípa ìbáṣepọ̀ ìfẹ́ láàárín àwọn ènìyàn mẹ́ta tí kò bá òfin tàbí ìlànà àwùjọ mu. Emezi kọ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ náà pẹ̀lú ojú-ìwòye àwọn oní-ìbálòpọ̀-pẹ̀lú-ẹni-tí-ó-jẹ́-irú-kannáà (queer), ó sì tún fi ìbáṣepọ̀ ọ̀rẹ́ tó kún fún àtìlẹ́yìn láàárín irú àwọn ènìyàn bẹ́ẹ̀ sínú rẹ̀.  Wọ́n yà kúrò nínú ìtàn ìfẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin àti obìnrin nípa sísọ ọ́ di ìtàn ìfẹ́ tí ó ní àwọn ẹ̀dá àjèjì nínú, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀dá pàtàkì Feyi àti Alim tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọkùnrin àti obìnrin àti Joy tí wọ́n jẹ́ obìnrin àti obìnrin . Àwọn iṣẹ́ ọnà Feyi nínú ìwé ìtàn náà tún dá lórí ìrírí Emezi gẹ́gẹ́ bí ayàwòrán oníṣẹ́ ọnà. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ìwé náà gba ìyìn àti ìtẹ́wọ́gbà rere lápapọ̀.   Ó jẹ́ ìwé tí ọ̀pọ̀ ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn máa retí jùlọ ní ọdún 2022, títí bí &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwUQ&quot;&gt;Vogue&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ''Thrillist'', &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwVQ&quot;&gt;Essence&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ''The Washington Post'' àti &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwWQ&quot;&gt;Vulture&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; .    Fún ''ìwé ìròyìn British Vogue'', Olivia Marks yin ìwé náà pé: “Akwaeke Emezi ti gbé ìtàn ìfẹ́ jáde láti fi ìtàn ìfẹ́ òde òní tí a kò lè gbàgbé—àti ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé tí ó dùn mọ́ni jùlọ ní ọdún yìí.” 

''Ìwé ìròyìn The New York Times Book Review'' gbóríyìn fún ìwé ìtàn náà tí ó pè é ní “[A]n kò ní ìtìjú láti gbé pẹ̀lú, àti láìka, ìrora àti ikú sí…ó sì lè fà mọ́ àwọn ènìyàn tí, ní pàtàkì, ń gbé nínú àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn tí ó ya ara wọn sọ́tọ̀ tí ó ti mú kí àdánù yára dé, tí wọ́n sì ń fẹ́ kí ayọ̀ púpọ̀ sí i wà nínú rẹ̀.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Àtúnyẹ̀wò láti ''ọ̀dọ̀ PopSugar'' pe ìwé ìtàn náà ní “Ìwádìí ìbànújẹ́ tó gbayì àti ìmọ̀lára àti gbígbà àǹfààní kejì lórí ìfẹ́.”  ''Ìwé ìròyìn Publishers Weekly'' sọ pé ó “dájúdájú yóò fa ọkàn àwọn òǹkàwé mọ́ra.” 

== Ìyípadà ==
Ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2021, ''Deadline Hollywood'' kéde pé Amazon Studios gba ẹ̀tọ́ láti yí ''You Made a Fool of Death pẹ̀lú Your Beauty'' padà sí fíìmù pàtàkì kan.   Wọ́n rà á pẹ̀lú àdéhùn tó gbajúmọ̀ bíi ti àwọn tó tóbi jùlọ ní ọdún yìí, èyí tí ''Deadline'' pè ní àdéhùn ìwé tó tóbi jùlọ ní ọdún yìí. Ẹgbẹ́ Outlier ti Michael B. Jordan yóò ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Elizabeth Raposo. Emezi yóò ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbéjáde àgbà. &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ àti ọlá ==

* Ẹ̀bùn Àṣàyàn Goodreads - Ẹni tí a yàn fún ìfẹ́ ayanfẹ́ àwọn òǹkàwé (2022) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Emezi|publisher=Atria Books|isbn=978-1-9821-8870-2|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ìwé ìròyìn [[The New York Times|New York Times]] - Àwọn ìwé ìtàn ìfẹ́ tó dára jùlọ ní ọdún 2022 (Ọlá) 
* Washington Post - Àwọn ìwé ìtàn ìfẹ́ tó dára jùlọ ní ọdún 2022 (Ọlá) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ẹ̀bùn Àwòrán NAACP - Ìtàn Àròsọ Tó Dáa Jùlọ (2023) 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Àwọn Ọlọ́run Àjèjì, Inc.</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:46:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341762557|Foreign Gods, Inc.]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] --&gt;|name=Foreign Gods, Inc.|title_orig=|translator=|image=Foreign Gods, Inc. novel cover.png|caption=|author=[[Okey Ndibe]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English|series=|genre=Fiction|publisher=[[Soho Press]]|media_type=Print ([[Paperback]])|pages=357|isbn=9781616954581|preceded_by=[[Arrows of Rain]]|followed_by=}}'''''Ìwé ìtàn Foreign Gods, Inc.''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ ọdún 2014 tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà Okey Ndibe kọ.      &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Premium Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn &quot;Foreign Gods, Inc.&quot; dá lórí Ike, ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kan tí ó bá ara rẹ̀ nínú ìṣòro lẹ́yìn tí ó rìnrìn-àjò lọ sí New York láti ṣiṣẹ́ awakọ̀ takisí. Ó padà sí abúlé rẹ̀ láti jí ère òrìṣà ogun kan láti ìgbàanì, kí ó sì tà á fún oníṣòwò kan ní New York fún owó. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Adágún (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:49:39Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354728984|Lagoon (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Lagoon|author=[[Nnedi Okorafor]]|image=LagoonNovel.jpg|caption=First edition|cover_artist=Joey Hi-Fi|language=English|publisher=[[Hodder and Stoughton]]|genre=[[Science fiction]]}}'''''Lagoon''''' jẹ aramada olubasọrọ akọkọ ti Africanfuturist nipasẹ Nnedi Okorafor (2014, Hodder &amp; Stoughton; 2015, Saga Press/Simon &amp; Schuster). Ó ti fa àfiyèsí àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé púpọ̀ láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde, díẹ̀ lára èyí tí wọ́n kọ ṣáájú àlàyé pàtàkì tí Okorafor ṣe pé iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ jẹ́ &quot;Africanfuturist&quot; dípò &quot;Afrofuturist.&quot;   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=O'Connell|first=Hugh Charles|title='We are change': The Novum as Event in Nnedi Okorafor's ''Lagoon''|date=2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ní ọdún 2014, wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkọlé ọlá fún Ẹ̀bùn James Tiptree Jr. 

''Orisun 'Lagoon' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn fíìmù tí Okorafor kọ fún olùdarí fíìmù Nollywood, Tchidi Chikere, lẹ́yìn tí inú wọn kò dùn sí bí wọ́n ṣe ń fi àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà hàn lọ́nà tí kò dára rárá nínú fíìmù ilẹ̀ South Africa kan tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ ;'District 9'.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Tubosun|first=Kola|date=2013-05-07|title=Nigeria: when aliens took Lagos|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/07/nigeria-nnedi-okorafor-book|access-date=2024-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkótán ==
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Hugh Charles O'Connell ti sọ:&lt;blockquote&gt;''Lagoon'' ndagbasoke ... Ìtàn lórí àwọn ìṣe mẹ́ta: “Ẹ kú àbọ̀” (níbi tí àwọn àlejò ti ń bá àwọn ènìyàn [[Èkó]] sọ̀rọ̀), “Ìjíjí” (ìbúgbàù ìwà ipá jákèjádò ìlú lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n bá ti pàdé), àti “Àkókò ìyípadà utopian, nínú èyí tí àwọn àjèjì àti ènìyàn ti ń péjọpọ̀ láti dá Nàìjíríà tuntun lẹ́yìn ìṣúra-owó ). Ní gbogbo àwọn ìṣe mẹ́ta wọ̀nyí, ìtàn pàtàkì ìwé ìtàn náà dá lórí aṣojú àjèjì, Ayodele, àti ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ènìyàn mẹ́ta tí wọ́n jẹ́ akọni: Adaora, onímọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá inú omi; Agu, [[Nigerian Army|ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà]] ; àti Anthony, olórin hip-hop ará Gánà. Nípa ṣíṣe àdàpọ̀ topoi SF rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìtàn àròsọ àti ìtàn àròsọ, a kọ́ pé àwọn olórí ìtàn ènìyàn mẹ́ta náà ní àwọn agbára pàtàkì (Adaora lè ṣẹ̀dá ààbò yí ara rẹ̀ ká kí ó sì mí ẹ̀mí lábẹ́ omi, Agu ní agbára tí ó ju ti ènìyàn lọ, Anthony sì lè jẹ́ kí a gbọ́ ohùn rẹ̀ kí a sì lóye rẹ̀ ní ọ̀nà jíjìn). Lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ àwọn agbára ìyanu wọ̀nyí, ìwé ìtàn náà tún ní onírúurú ìtàn àròsọ àti ìtàn àròsọ ní Nàìjíríà, tí wọ́n ń fi ara wọn hàn ní ti ara, tí wọ́n sì ń bá ayé ohun ìní ṣe lẹ́yìn tí àwọn àjèjì jí wọn nínú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kejì. Àwọn irú àwọn ènìyàn bẹ́ẹ̀ ni Udide Okwanka, aláǹtakùn ẹlẹ́tàn àti ògbóǹtarìgì oníṣẹ́ ìtàn láti inú ìtàn àròsọ [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|Igbo]] ; Legba, ọlọ́run èdè [[Ìran Yorùbá|àwọn Yorùbá]] àti oríta tí wọ́n tún ń pè ní ògbóǹtarìgì oníṣòwò 419, ṣùgbọ́n tí ó tún farahàn ní ìrísí ẹ̀mí gẹ́gẹ́ bí Papa Legba; àti àwọn ènìyàn tuntun bíi Bone Collector, apá kan tí ó wà ní ojú ọ̀nà Lagos-Benin tí ó ń kọlù ènìyàn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=O'Connell|pages=291–312}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Àṣà ==
Ìtàn náà máa ń yí padà láàárín ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ojú-ìwòye, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ó sábà máa ń dá lórí àwọn àwòrán tó lágbára. Àwọn ànímọ́ ìṣesí-kọ̀wé wọ̀nyí lè jẹ́ àbájáde òtítọ́ náà pé ìwé-ìtàn náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé-ìtàn fún fíìmù.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>Mó fi ìtumọ̀ sí ise apá agbaboolu ile Éjíbítì</comment>
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      <text bytes="34345" sha1="lgso2onfpdv1boelr2872lpkeittmnj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;Short description|Egyptian footballer (born 1993)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{distinguish|Ramy Rabie}}{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}{{Infobox football biography|name=Ramy Rabia|image=Ramy Rabia Argentina v Egypt 7 July 2026-223.jpg|image_size=|caption=Rabia with [[Egypt national football team|Egypt]] in 2026|full_name=Ramy Hisham Abdel Aziz Moustafa Rabia&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce233/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA Club World Cup 2025™ – Squad List: Al Ain FC (UAE) |publisher=FIFA |page=2 |date=21 June 2025 |access-date=26 June 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_date={{birth date and age|1993|5|20|df=y}}&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|birth_place=[[Cairo]], Egypt|height=1.83 m&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|position=[[Centre-back]]|currentclub=[[Al Ain FC|Al Ain]]|clubnumber=25|youthclubs1=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]|youthyears1=2003–2010|years1=2010–2014|clubs1=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]|caps1=26|goals1=2|years2=2014–2015|clubs2=[[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting CP]]|caps2=0|goals2=0|years3=2014–2015|clubs3=[[Sporting Clube de Portugal B|Sporting CP B]]|caps3=21|goals3=0|years4=2015–2025|clubs4=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]|caps4=162|goals4=9|years5=2025–|clubs5=[[Al Ain FC|Al Ain]]|caps5=11|goals5=0|totalcaps=|totalgoals=|nationalyears1=2011–2013|nationalteam1=[[Egypt national under-20 football team|Egypt U20]]|nationalcaps1=12|nationalgoals1=1|nationalyears2=2014–2015|nationalteam2=[[Egypt national under-23 football team|Egypt U23]]|nationalcaps2=5|nationalgoals2=1|nationalyears3=2012–|nationalteam3=[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]|nationalcaps3=49|nationalgoals3=6|club-update=17:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC)|nationalteam-update=7 July 2026|medaltemplates=}}'''Ramy Hisham Abdel Aziz Mostafa Rabia''' ({{langx|ar|رامي هشام عبد العزيز مصطفى ربيعة}}; (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 1993) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọjọ́gbọ́n láti ilẹ̀ Egypt, ẹni tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbèjà àárín fún ẹgbẹ́ Al Ain ní UAE Pro League àti fún ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt..&lt;ref name=&quot;fiat&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2015/05/01/driving-your-ferrami-like-a-fiat-the-curious-case-of-rami-rabia/|title=Driving your Ferrami like a FIAT: The curious case of Rami Rabia|website=KingFut.com|first=Ahmed|last=Assem|date=1 May 2015|access-date=28 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O bẹrẹ iṣẹ rẹ pẹlu Al Ahly, ṣiṣe akọrin akọkọ rẹ ni ọmọ ọdun mẹtadilogun ni ọdun 2010. Ti ṣe akiyesi bi ọkan ninu awọn ireti didan julọ ni bọọlu afẹsẹgba Egipti,,&lt;ref name=&quot;fiat&quot; /&gt; Ó fa àfiyèsí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù kí ó tó dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ Sporting CP ti ilẹ̀ Portugal ní ọdún 2014 fún iye owó €750,000. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, lẹ́yìn àsìkò ìdíje kan tí ó kópa nínú eré ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ ní ìgbà mẹ́ta péré, ó padà sí ẹgbẹ́ Al Ahly..

== Ìgbà èwe ==
A bí Rabia ní Cairo, Egypt ní ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 1993..&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|168474|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù-àfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ bọ́ọ̀lù ti Al Ahly..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ramy Rabia ( Ramy Rabia)|url=https://misrconnect.com/en/profiles/932|access-date=2024-10-27|website=misrconnect.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ní ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ==

=== Al Ahly ===
[[Fáìlì:RamyRabia2011.jpg|thumb|Ramy Rabia with Al Ahly in 2011]]
Rabia bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Al Ahly; ó sì kọ́kọ́ gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún wọn nínú eré kan lòdì sí Haras El Hodoud lábẹ́ olùkọ́ni Abdul-Aziz Abdul-Shafi nígbà tó wà ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàdínlógún, nítorí àwọn ìfarapa tí ó ṣe àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù pàtàkì kan nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà..&lt;ref name=&quot;fiat&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;focused&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/05/17/egypts-rabia-focused-on-u20-world-cup-despite-chelsea-manchester-united-links/|title=Egypt's Rabia focused on U20 World Cup despite Chelsea, Manchester United links|website=KingFut.com|date=17 May 2013|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé Abduk-Shafi kúrò níbẹ̀ nígbà díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, Rabia tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ lábẹ́ olùkọ́ni tuntun, Manuel José de Jesus..&lt;ref name=&quot;fiat&quot; /&gt; Lẹ́yìn tí àìsàn tàbí ìpalára ti mú kí olórí ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà, Hossam Ghaly, kò lè kópa, wọ́n yan Rabia láti rọ́pò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín pápá tó ń gbèjà nígbà ìdíje FIFA Club World Cup ti ọdún 2013 ní orílẹ̀-èdè Morocco. Ó gba ìyìn fún bí ó ṣe ṣe dáadáa nínú ìdíje náà àti nínú àwọn eré ìdíje abẹ́lé tí wọ́n ṣe lẹ́yìn náà; ó sì ran ẹgbẹ́ náà lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife-ẹ̀yẹ Egyptian Premier League lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n borí àlàfo àmì-ayò méje tí ẹgbẹ́ abanidije wọn, Zamalek, fi ṣáájú wọn tẹ́lẹ̀..&lt;ref name=&quot;fiat&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/06/22/player-profile-rami-rabia/|title=Player Profile: Rami Rabia|website=KingFut.com|first=Mohamed|last=Al-Hendy|date=22 June 2013|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó fa àfiyèsí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù, títí kan Manchester United, Chelsea àti Borussia Dortmund. Wọ́n fún un ní àǹfààní láti wá ṣe ìdánwò pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Lille ti ilẹ̀ Faransé, ṣùgbọ́n ó ní láti fagilé rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti ṣe iṣẹ́-abẹ fún un nítorí ìpalára ní orúnkún tí ó dé bá a nígbà eré ìdíje kan lòdì sí Smouha..&lt;ref name=&quot;focused&quot; /&gt;

Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013, ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Hull City tó wà ní Premier League ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì fi ìbéèrè síwájú láti gba Rabia wọlé fún àkókò ìdánwò, pẹ̀lú ìṣeéṣe láti gbà á wọlé nípasẹ̀ ìwé àdéhùn yíyà-lò (loan) fún ìyókù àsìkò ìdíje ọdún 2013–14..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/51/89717/Sports/Egyptian-Football/Hull-City-interested-in-signing-Ahly-youngster-on-.aspx|title=Hull City interested in signing Ahly youngster on loan|publisher=Ahram Online|date=21 December 2013|access-date=14 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà ti kàn sí Al Ahly ṣáájú ìdíje Club World Cup, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti fi ọ̀rọ̀ ìjíròrò náà sùn láti jẹ́ kí Rabia lè kópa nínú ìdíje náà..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/12/20/hull-city-to-loan-al-ahly-rami-rabia/|title=Hull City request to loan Al Ahly youngster Rami Rabia|website=KingFut.com|first=Marwan|last=Ahmed|date=20 December 2013|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sibẹsibẹ, Al Ahly kọ ipese naa, pẹlu oludari ẹgbẹ Sayed Abdel-Hafiz ti o sọ pe: &quot;A kọ ero naa patapata pe ki oṣere kan lọ gba bọọlu fun ẹgbẹ miiran ni ọna yiya lati ọdọ Al Ahly, nigba ti ẹgbẹ yẹn ko tilẹ mọ boya wọn yoo fowo si iwe adehun pẹlu rẹ tabi rara.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/12/21/al-ahly-reject-hull-citys-trial-offer-rabia/|title=Al Ahly reject Hull City offer for Rami Rabia|website=KingFut.com|first=Marwan|last=Ahmed|date=21 December 2013|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé wọ́n ti fagilé ìgbésẹ̀ náà, olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ Hull, Steve Bruce, ṣàpèjúwe Rabia gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ó ní &quot;ọjọ́-ọ̀la tó dára gan-an níwájú rẹ̀.&quot;m.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/12/21/steve-bruce-rami-rabia-big-future/|title=Steve Bruce: Rami Rabia 'has a big future’|website=KingFut.com|date=21 December 2013|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nígbà tí ó kọ́kọ́ wà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Al Ahly, Rabia kó ipa pàtàkì nínú kí ẹgbẹ́ náà gba ife ẹ̀yẹ Egyptian Premier League méjì, ife ẹ̀yẹ CAF Champions League méjì, àti ife ẹ̀yẹ CAF Super Cup méjì..&lt;ref name=&quot;farewell&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2014/08/04/rabias-sends-message-al-ahly-fans/|title=Rami Rabia writes open farewell letter to Al Ahly fans|website=KingFut.com|first=Nouran|last=Hegazy|date=4 August 2014|access-date=27 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ramy Rabia jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù olùgbèjà ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt, ẹni tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ fún ẹgbẹ́ Al-Ahly nínú Lígì Premier ti Egypt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ramy Rabia - biography, stats, rating, footballer’s profile {{!}} Football Top.com|url=https://www.footballtop.com/players/ramy-rabia|access-date=2024-10-27|website=www.footballtop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sporting CP ===
Ní oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014, ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sporting CP ti ilẹ̀ Portugal ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìfilọ́lẹ̀ owó láti ra Rabia; wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú €250,000, wọ́n sì pọ̀ sí i dé €550,000, ṣùgbọ́n ẹgbẹ́ Al Ahly kọ̀ gbogbo wọn nítorí pé wọ́n ka iye owó agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà sí €1.5 mílíọ̀nù..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2014/05/31/sporting-lisbon-increases-offer-rami-rabia/|title=Sporting Lisbon improve offer for Rami Rabia|website=KingFut.com|first=Alexandre|last=Queirós|date=31 May 2014|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2014/06/12/al-ahly-set-rami-rabia-price/|title=Al Ahly set Ramy Rabia price for Sporting Lisbon|website=KingFut.com|first=Alexandre|last=Queirós|date=12 June 2014|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olùdarí ẹgbẹ́ Al Ahly, Wael Gomaa, rọ Rabia láti fi ọkàn sí àwọn ojúṣe rẹ̀ sí ẹgbẹ́ náà, kí ó sì kọbi ara sí èyíkéyìí ìgbìyànjú láti gbé e lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2014/07/20/gomaa-rabiaa-commit-contract/|title=Gomaa: I would like Rabia to commit to his contract|website=KingFut.com|first=Abdelrahman|last=Amr|date=20 July 2014|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sibẹsibẹ, a pari gbigbe rẹ lọ si ẹgbẹ miiran ninu adehun ti iye rẹ to bii €750,000, pẹlu eto pe Al Ahly yoo gba ipin 15% ninu eyikeyi gbigbe rẹ ni ọjọ iwaju. Rabia darapọ mọ ẹgbẹ naa pẹlu adehun ọdun mẹfa, eyi ti o ni ipese pe wọn le ta a kuro fun iye €45 million..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|website=King Fut.com|title=Exclusive: Egypt’s Rami Rabia signs for Sporting Lisbon|url=http://www.kingfut.com/2014/07/23/egypts-rami-rabia-signs-sporting-lisbon/|date=23 July 2014|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2014/08/09/official-rami-rabia-moves-sporting-lisbon/|title=Rami Rabia moves to Sporting Lisbon|website=KingFut.com|first=Ahmad|last=Yousef|date=9 August 2014|access-date=27 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti lọ, ó ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ọ̀rọ̀ kan fún àwọn olólùfẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ náà, ní sísọ pé &quot;Al Ahly ni ìfẹ́ ọkàn mi.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;farewell&quot; /&gt;

Nígbà tí ó dé sí Sporting, Rabia dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ kejì wọn, ìyẹn Sporting CP B. Ó ṣe eré àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún ẹgbẹ́ náà nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–0 lórí Aves ní ìdíje Segunda Liga, ó sì pèsè bọ́ọ̀lù fún Lewis Enoh láti gbógo wọlé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2014/08/27/video-rami-rabia-stars-sporting-b-win/|title=Rami Rabia stars in Sporting B win|website=KingFut.com|first=Andrew|last=Finn|date=27 August 2014|access-date=27 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sibẹsibẹ, wọn fi agbara mu Rabia lati ṣe iṣẹ-abẹ ikun lẹhin ifarahan akọkọ rẹ, lati le yanju iṣoro kan ti o ti wa fun igba pipẹ..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/53/109764/Sports/Talents-Abroad/Sportings-Rabiea-out-for-five-weeks.aspx|title=Sporting's Rabiea out for five weeks|publisher=Ahram Online|date=1 September 2014|access-date=14 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He Ó ti ń fi ọgbẹ́ náà ṣeré fún oṣù kan, ṣùgbọ́n ó sọ pé òun kò lè fara da ìrora náà mọ́..&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2014/09/01/exclusive-rabia-to-undergo-surgery/|title=Rami Rabia to undergo surgery on Tuesday night|website=KingFut.com|first=Marwan|last=Ahmed|date=1 September 2014|access-date=27 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹhin ti o padanu ọsẹ marun nitori iṣẹ abẹ naa, Rabia pada si ẹgbẹ ifiṣura ẹgbẹ ṣugbọn o gba ibawi lati ọdọ oluṣakoso Sporting Marco Silva lẹhin ti a ro pe o jẹ ẹbi fun awọn ibi-afẹde meji lakoko ijatil 5-0 lodi si Atlético CP. Silva ṣapejuwe Rabia bi jije “ni ipele idaduro pupọ ti itankalẹ rẹ bi ere.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2014/11/08/sporting-coach-rabia-evolve/|title=Sporting coach: Rabia needs to evolve as a player|website=KingFut.com|first=Alexandre|last=Queirós|date=8 November 2014|access-date=28 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015, Rabia ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù àkọ́kọ́ ti Sporting nínú ìdíje Taça de Portugal—èyí tí í ṣe ìdíje ife-ẹ̀yẹ níbi tí ẹni tí ó bá ṣẹ́gun nìkan ti ń tẹ̀síwájú—nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Boavista pẹ̀lú àmì-ayò kan sí odo (1–0); ó wọlé gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ó rọ́pò Ryan Gauld ní ìparí eré náà..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2015/01/15/rabia-debuts-sporting-cup-win-boavista/|title=Rabia debuts for Sporting in Portuguese League Cup win over Boavista|website=KingFut.com|author=Ahmed Yasser Othman|date=15 January 2015|access-date=28 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré fún ẹgbẹ́ náà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìdíje àkọ́kọ́ ti ìpele tó tẹ̀lé e, èyí tí wọ́n fi 3–2 ṣẹ́gun wọn nípasẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ Belenenses..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2015/01/22/rami-rabia-plays-first-official-90-minutes-sportings-3-2-defeat/|title=Rami Rabia plays first official 90 minutes in Sporting’s 3-2 defeat|website=KingFut.com|first=Mohamed|last=Osama|date=22 January 2015|access-date=28 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lapapọ, o gba bọọlu ni ẹẹmẹta fun ẹgbẹ agbabọọlu akọkọ ti Sporting ni saa yẹn, gbogbo rẹ si waye ninu idije Taça de Portugal..&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot; /&gt;

=== Return to Al Ahly ===
Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n rán an lọ láti lọ kọ́ eré pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ kejì Sporting ní àkókò ìpalémáre ṣááju àsìkò eré ti ọdún 2015–16, Rabia kéde ète rẹ̀ láti fi Sporting sílẹ̀, yálà títí láé tàbí nípasẹ̀ ìwé àdéhùn yíyà-ẹlẹ́gbẹ́-lò (loan)..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2015/07/09/exclusive-rami-rabia-leaving-sporting/|title=Rami Rabia to KingFut: I’m leaving Sporting|website=KingFut.com|first=Marwan|last=Ahmed|date=9 July 2015|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2015, ó padà sí ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ rí, Al Ahly, pẹ̀lú àdéhùn ọdún márùn-ún..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/51/139349/Sports/Egyptian-Football/Ahly-bring-back-defender-Rabia-from-Sporting-Lisbo.aspx|title=Ahly bring back defender Rabia from Sporting Lisbon|publisher=Ahram Online|date=31 August 2015|access-date=14 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al Ahly san €750,000 lati tun gba Rabia pada—iye owo kanna ti wọn fi ta a ni saa ti o kọja—pẹlu pe Sporting yoo tun gba ida mẹdogun ninu owo ti wọn yoo fi ta a ni ọjọ iwaju..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2015/08/31/rami-rabia-rejoins-al-ahly/|title=Rami Rabia rejoins Al Ahly on five-year deal|website=KingFut.com|first=Salma|last=Abdallah|date=31 August 2015|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní àsìkò ìdíje ọdún 2016–17, Rabia ní ìṣòro láti dáàbò bo ipò rẹ̀ nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn tí ó ní àwọn ìṣòro ìfarapa léraléra. Wọ́n ní láti ṣe iṣẹ́-abẹ́ ní orúnkún rẹ̀ ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2016—èyí tí wọ́n rò pé yóò mú kí ó dúró lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ fún oṣù kan—ó sì tún nílò iṣẹ́-abẹ́ kejì fún ìfarapa náà ní oṣù tó tẹ̀lé e..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2016/09/28/rami-rabia-undergo-second-knee-operation/|title=Rabi Ramia to undergo second knee operation|website=KingFut.com|first=Marwan|last=Ahmed|date=28 September 2016|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn tí ó bọ́ lọ́wọ́ iṣẹ́-abẹ, Rabia kópa fún Al Ahly ní ìgbà méjì kí ó tó tún ní ìṣòro mìíràn; èyí wáyé lẹ́yìn tí ó kọlu olùṣọ́-lé-àwọ̀n Ahmed Adel Abdel Moneam nígbà ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́, tí ó sì fara pa ní iṣan ẹsẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní apá ibi ìsopọ̀ ẹsẹ̀ (ankle ligament)..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2016/12/26/rami-rabia-miss-afcon/|title=Rami Rabia to miss AFCON due to injury|website=KingFut.com|first=Seif|last=Soliman|date=26 December 2016|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awọn iṣoro nipa ipalara tẹsiwaju fun un ni saa ti o tẹle e, nibi ti o ti ni ipalara ni agbegbe itan rẹ lakoko ere ti orilẹ-ede rẹ kopa ninu rẹ ni oṣu kọkanla ọdun 2017.,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2017/11/13/rami-rabia-groin-injury/|title=Rami Rabia reveals the extent of groin injury|website=KingFut.com|first=Abdelrahman|last=Amr|date=13 November 2017|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó pàdánù àwọn eré mẹ́wàá. Ní oṣù Kínní ọdún 2018, ó tún ní ìfarapa ní apá ibi ìtàn rẹ̀ nígbà eré ìdíje kan lòdì sí àwọn alátakò rẹ̀, Zamalek, èyí sì mú kí ó má ​​lè kópa nínú eré fún oṣù méjì..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/0/288150/Sports/0/Ahlys-Rabia-out-for-weeks-with-muscle-injury.aspx|title=Ahly's Rabia out for weeks with muscle injury|publisher=Ahram Online|date=14 January 2018|access-date=14 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2018/01/14/rami-rabia-two-months-groin/|title=Rami Rabia ruled out for at least two months with groin injury|website=KingFut.com|first=Seif|last=Soliman|date=14 January 2018|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn tí ó pàdánù àwọn eré tó ṣẹ́kù nínú àsìkò ìdíje náà, ó di dandan fún Rabia láti sọ ní gbangba pé òótọ́ kọ́ ni àwọn ìròyìn tó sọ pé ó lè fi eré-ìdárayá sílẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ìṣòro ìpalára tó ń bá a lọ; ó ní: &quot;Mi ò lè sọ ìgbà tí màá padà wá, ó gba àkókò.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2018/07/23/rabia-injury-recover/|title=Al Ahly defeat Rami Rabia rejects retirement talk|website=KingFut.com|first=Ramez|last=Nathan|date=23 July 2018|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rabia kuro ni ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà ní ìparí àsìkò ìdíje ọdún 2024–25, lẹ́yìn tó ti kópa nínú eré fún ẹgbẹ́ náà ní ìgbà 337 lápapọ̀..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2025/06/03/official-ramy-rabia-joins-uae-giants-al-ain/|title=OFFICIAL: Ramy Rabia Joins UAE Giants Al Ain|publisher=KingFut|date=3 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al Ain ===
Ní Okudu Kẹfà ọdún 2025, Rabia dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al Ain tí ó wà ní UAE Pro League gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí kò ní ẹgbẹ́ kankan nígbà náà..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://alainclub.ae/fc/ramy-rabia-joining-al-ain-football-club-is-a-turning-point-in-my-professional-football-career-i-am-also-feeling-proud-for-being-affiliated-to-the-ainawi-nation/|title=Ramy Rabia: Joining Al Ain football club is a turning point in my professional football career.. I am also feeling proud for being affiliated to the Ainawi nation|publisher=Al Ain FC|access-date=8 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iṣẹ́ ní ìpele àgbáyé ==

=== Youth teams ===
Rabia ṣojú orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt ní ìpele àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí kò tíì pé ọmọ ọdún ogún (U-20), ó sì ṣe aṣáájú ẹgbẹ́ náà sí ìṣẹ́gun nínú ìdíje African U-20 Championship ti ọdún 2013. Ó gba góòlù kan pẹ̀lú orí rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n ń kojú Algeria—èyí tí wọ́n fi gba àmì-ayò kan sí òdo (1–0)—èyí sì jẹ́ kí ẹgbẹ́ náà pegedé fún ìdíje FIFA U-20 World Cup ti ọdún 2013, ó sì tún mú kí wọ́n dé ìpele ìdíje àwọn mẹ́rin tó kẹ́yìn (semi-finals)..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/03/20/video-captain-rami-rabia-heads-egypt-to-u20-world-cup/|title=Captain Rami Rabia heads Egypt to U20 World Cup|website=KingFut.com|date=20 March 2013|access-date=25 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó ṣe amọ̀nà ẹgbẹ́ náà sí àmì-ẹ̀yẹ ìdíje wọn kẹrin—èyí tí ó jẹ́ èyí àkọ́kọ́ láti ọdún 2003 wá—lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Ghana ní ìdíje ìparí..&lt;ref name=&quot;focused&quot; /&gt; Nígbà tó yá, Rabia ṣojú ilẹ̀ Egypt fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí kò tíì pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlélógún, ó sì kópa nínú ìsapá wọn láti péye fún ìdíje Olympics ti ọdún 2016, èyí tí kò yọrí sí rere..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2015/12/10/rami-rabia-on-olympic-failure/|title=Rami Rabia sheds light on failure to reach Olympics|website=KingFut.com|first=Marwan|last=Ahmed|date=10 December 2015|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bi o ti jẹ pe o tun wa ni imularada lẹhin ti o ti ṣiṣẹ abẹ orokun,,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/52/70558/Sports/National-Teams/Egypt-U-defender-Rabiaa-may-miss-World-Cup.aspx|title=Egypt U-20 defender Rabiaa may miss World Cup|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Eslam|last=Omar|date=2 May 2013|access-date=14 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọn fi orukọ Rabia kun atike akọkọ ti olukọni Rabie Yassin fun idije Ife Agbaye ti awọn ti ko tii pe ọmọ-ọdun ogun (Under-20)..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/05/19/young-pharaohs-coach-rabie-yassin-names-35-man-provisional-squad/|title=Young Pharaohs coach Rabie Yassin names provisional squad for U-20 World Cup|website=KingFut.com|date=19 May 2013|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìfarapa náà mú kí Rabia pàdánù àwọn eré ìgbá-ara-mú-múrasílẹ̀ ṣáájú ìdíje náà, ṣùgbọ́n ó padà wá ṣáájú eré àkọ́kọ́ tí orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt yóò ṣe nínú ìpele wọn, wọ́n sì yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ẹgbẹ́; ó sọ pé: &quot;Ọjọ́ díẹ̀ péré ṣáájú eré àkọ́kọ́ wa ni mo padà dé, nítorí náà mi ò retí ọlá yìí rárá, mo sì mọ̀ pé mo jẹ olùkọ́ni náà ní gbèsè ńlá.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;talks&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/06/29/interview-ramy-rabia-talks-epl-wenger-and-captain-responsibilities/|title=Ramy Rabia talks EPL, Wenger and captain responsibilities – FIFA|website=KingFut.com|first=Mohamed|last=Seif|date=29 June 2013|access-date=25 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó kópa nínú gbogbo àwọn eré mẹ́ta tí orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt ṣe ní ìpele àwọn ẹgbẹ́, nígbà tí wọ́n bị wọ́n jáde lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n parí sí ipò kẹta..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/06/29/video-egypt-2-0-england-pharoahs-crash-out-of-the-u-20-world-cup/|title=Egypt 2–0 England Pharaohs Crash Out of U-20 World Cup|website=KingFut.com|date=29 June 2014|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Senior team ===
Rabia ṣe ifẹsẹwọnsẹ akọkọ rẹ fun ẹgbẹ agbabọọlu agba ti Egypt labẹ olukọni Bob Bradley ni ọjọ kẹrindadinlọgbọn oṣu Kejila ọdun 2012, ninu ere ti wọn fi ami ayo meji si odo (2–0) bori Qatar..&lt;ref name=&quot;nft&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|50380|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ keje oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2013, Rabia gba góòlù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún ẹgbẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ nínú eré ọ̀rẹ́ kan lòdì sí Qatar; òun nìkan ló sì gba góòlù fún ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré tí wọ́n fi 3–1 ṣẹ́gun wọn..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2013/03/07/video-ahly-flavoured-egypt-lose-3-1-to-qatar/|title=Qatar punish Ahly flavoured Egypt|website=KingFut.com|date=7 March 2013|access-date=25 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó tún gba góòlù mìíràn nígbà tí ó tún kópa fún ẹgbẹ́ náà—níbi tí wọ́n ti ṣẹ́gun Zambia pẹ̀lú àbájáde 2–0—kí ó tó wá gba góòlù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje gidi ní ọdún 2015, nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Tanzania pẹ̀lú àbájáde 3–0 nínú ìpele ìdíje àṣàyàn fún ìdíje Africa Cup of Nations ti ọdún 2017..&lt;ref name=&quot;nft&quot; /&gt;

Ní oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2017, Rabia wà lára ​​ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ilẹ̀ Egypt tí ó pegedé fún ìdíje FIFA World Cup ti ọdún 2018—èyí tí í ṣe ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí orílẹ̀-èdè náà yóò kópa nínú ìdíje náà láti ọdún 1990 wá—lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Congo pẹ̀lú àmì-ayò méjì sí ọ̀kan (2–1)..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/oct/08/world-cup-round-up-egypt-poland-qualify|title=Mo Salah’s late penalty gives Egypt first World Cup qualification since 1990|newspaper=The Guardian|date=8 October 2017|access-date=14 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sibẹsibẹ, awọn iṣoro ipalara rẹ lakoko akoko ere 2017–18 fa ki wọn ma fi i kun ẹgbẹ agbabọọlu Egypt fun idije naa..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-cup/0/egypt-world-cup-2018-team-guide-squad-list/|title=Egypt World Cup 2018 team guide and squad list|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=25 June 2018|access-date=14 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ni ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2025, wọ́n pe Rabia sínú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ilẹ̀ Egypt fún ìdíje Africa Cup of Nations ti ọdún 2025..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/egypt-name-final-28-man-squad-for-totalenergies-caf-afcon-2025-salah-leads-pharaohs-charge/|title=Egypt name final 28-man squad for TotalEnergies CAF AFCON 2025, Salah leads Pharaohs' charge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=2 December 2025|access-date=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwón ísíró ísé ==

=== Club ===
{{updated|match played 8 May 2025}}&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/rami-hesham/168474/|title=R. Hesham|website=Soccerway}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Egypt Cup]], [[Taça de Portugal]], [[Taça da Liga]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Al Ahly]]
|[[2010–11 Egyptian Premier League|2010–11]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Egyptian Premier League]]
|6
|0
|2
|0
|5{{efn|Appearance(s) in [[CAF Champions League]]|name=CCL}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|13
|0
|-
|[[2011–12 Egyptian Premier League|2011–12]]
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3{{Efn|name=CCL}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|5
|0
|-
|[[2012–13 Egyptian Premier League|2012–13]]
|8
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|9{{Efn|name=CCL}}
|0
|4{{Efn|One appearance in [[Egyptian Super Cup]], one appearance in [[CAF Super Cup]] &amp; two in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}}
|1
|21
|2
|-
|[[2013–14 Egyptian Premier League|2013–14]]
|10
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4
|0
|3{{efn|One appearance in CAF Super Cup &amp; two in FIFA Club World Cup}}
|0
|17
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!26
!2
!2
!0
!21
!0
!7
!1
!56
!3
|-
|[[Sporting CP]]
|[[2014–15 Primeira Liga|2014–15]]
|[[Primeira Liga]]
|0
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3
|0
|-
|[[Sporting CP B]]
|[[2014–15 Segunda Liga|2014–15]]
|[[Liga Portugal 2]]
|21
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|21
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |[[Al Ahly]]
|[[2015–16 Egyptian Premier League|2015–16]]
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |[[Egyptian Premier League]]
|25
|4
|4
|0
|9
|2
|1{{efn|Appearance(s) in Egyptian Super Cup|name=ESC}}
|0
|39
|6
|-
|[[2016–17 Egyptian Premier League|2016–17]]
|11
|1
|4
|0
|10{{efn|name=CCL}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|25
|2
|-
|[[2017–18 Egyptian Premier League|2017–18]]
|6
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|6
|0
|-
|[[2018–19 Egyptian Premier League|2018–19]]
|6
|0
|1
|0
|1{{Efn|name=CCL}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|7
|0
|-
|[[2019–20 Egyptian Premier League|2019–20]]
|22
|0
|1
|0
|9{{efn|name=CCL}}
|0
|1{{efn|name=ESC}}
|0
|33
|0
|-
|[[2020–21 Egyptian Premier League|2020–21]]
|16
|0
|2
|0
|5{{efn|name=CCL}}
|0
|1{{efn|Appearance in CAF Super Cup|name=CSC}}
|0
|24
|0
|-
|[[2021–22 Egyptian Premier League|2021–22]]
|20
|3
|5
|1
|3{{Efn|name=CCL}}
|0
|2{{efn|Appearance(s) in FIFA Club World Cup|name=CWC}}
|0
|30
|4
|-
|[[2022–23 Egyptian Premier League|2022–23]]
|16
|0
|4
|0
|5{{Efn|name=CCL}}
|0
|1{{efn|name=CWC}}
|0
|26
|0
|-
|[[2023–24 Egyptian Premier League|2023–24]]
|24
|0
|1
|0
|12{{efn|name=CCL}}
|0
|9{{Efn|One appearance in CAF Super Cup, two appearances in Egyptian Super Cup, two in FIFA Club World Cup &amp; four in [[African Football League]]}}
|0
|46
|0
|-
|[[2024–25 Egyptian Premier League|2024–25]]
|20
|1
|0
|0
|12{{efn|name=CCL}}
|2
|5{{Efn|One appearance in CAF Super Cup, two appearances in Egyptian Super Cup, one in [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup]]}}
|0
|37
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!166
!9
!22
!1
!66
!5
!20
!0
!274
!15
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!213
!11
!27
!1
!87
!5
!27
!1
!354
!18
|}
{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{Updated|match played 7 July 2026}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by national team and year
!National team
!Year
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;15&quot; |[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]
|2012
|1
|0
|-
|2013
|5
|2
|-
|2014
|2
|0
|-
|2015
|5
|1
|-
|2016
|5
|0
|-
|2017
|4
|0
|-
|2018
|0
|0
|-
|2019
|1
|0
|-
|2020
|0
|0
|-
|2021
|0
|0
|-
|2022
|1
|0
|-
|2023
|0
|0
|-
|2024
|8
|2
|-
|2025
|9
|0
|-
|2026
|8
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!49
!6
|}

: ''Scores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Rabia goal.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+List of international goals scored by Ramy Rabia
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |No.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Date
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Venue
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Opponent
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Score
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Result
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Competition
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|7 March 2013
|[[Thani bin Jassim Stadium]], [[Doha]], Qatar
|{{fb|QAT}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–3
|[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|14 November 2013
|[[30 June Stadium]], [[Cairo]], Egypt
|{{fb|ZAM}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|Friendly
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|14 June 2015
|[[Borg El Arab Stadium]], [[Alexandria]], Egypt
|{{fb|TAN}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group G|2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|26 March 2024
|[[New Administrative Capital Stadium]], [[New Administrative Capital]], Egypt
|{{fb|CRO}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–4
|[[2024 FIFA Series]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5
|6 September 2024
|[[Cairo International Stadium]], [[Cairo]], Egypt
|{{fb|CPV}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|[[2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group C|2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6
|10 January 2026
|[[Adrar Stadium]], [[Agadir]], Morocco
|{{fb|CIV}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–2
|[[2025 Africa Cup of Nations knockout stage|2025 Africa Cup of Nations]]
|}

== Àwón ólà ==
'''Al Ahly'''

* [[Egyptian Premier League]]: [[2010–11 Egyptian Premier League|2010–11]], [[2013–14 Egyptian Premier League|2013–14]], [[2015–16 Egyptian Premier League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Egyptian Premier League|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Egyptian Premier League|2017–18]], [[2018–19 Egyptian Premier League|2018–19]], [[2019–20 Egyptian Premier League|2019–20]], [[2022–23 Egyptian Premier League|2022–23]], [[2023–24 Egyptian Premier League|2023–24]], [[2024–25 Egyptian Premier League|2024–25]]
* [[Egypt Cup]]: [[2016–17 Egyptian Premier League|2016–17]], [[2019–20 Egypt Cup|2019–20]], [[2021–22 Egypt Cup|2021–22]], [[2022–23 Egypt Cup|2022–23]]
* [[Egyptian Super Cup]]: [[2015–16 Egyptian Super Cup|2015]], [[2023–24 Egyptian Super Cup|2023–24]], [[2024 Egyptian Super Cup|2024]]
* [[CAF Champions League]]: [[CAF Champions League 2012|2012]], [[CAF Champions League 2013|2013]], [[2019–20 CAF Champions League|2019–20]], [[2020–21 CAF Champions League|2020–21]], [[2022–23 CAF Champions League|2022–23]], [[2023–24 CAF Champions League|2023–24]]
* [[CAF Confederation Cup]]: [[2014 CAF Confederation Cup|2014]]
* [[CAF Super Cup]]: [[2013 CAF Super Cup|2013]], [[2014 CAF Super Cup|2014]], [[2021 CAF Super Cup (May)|2021]], [[2021 CAF Super Cup (December)|2022]]
* [[FIFA African–Asian–Pacific Cup]]: [[2024 FIFA Intercontinental Cup|2024]]

'''Sporting CP'''

* [[Taca de Portugal]]: [[2014–15 Taça de Portugal|2014–15]]

'''Egypt U20'''

* [[Africa U-20 Cup of Nations|African U-20 Championship]]: [[2013 African U-20 Championship|2013]]

== Àwón ítókasi ==
{{reflist}}{{Authority control}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}

* [https://www.efa.com.eg/ar/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9/ Profile] at the Egyptian Football Association website {{in lang|ar}}
* {{FIFA player}}
* {{UEFA player}}

{{Al Ain FC squad}}{{Navboxes|title=Egypt squads|bg=#DD0000|fg=white|bordercolor=black|list1={{Egypt squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations}}
{{Egypt squad 2026 FIFA World Cup}}}}{{2024–25 Egyptian Premier League Team of the Season}}</text>
      <sha1>lgso2onfpdv1boelr2872lpkeittmnj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noor (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354732171|Noor (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Noor|image=File:Noor by Nnedi.jpg|caption=Cover for first edition|author=[[Nnedi Okorafor]]|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English|subject=|genre=[[Africanfuturism]], [[Science fiction]]|publisher=[[DAW Books]]|published=|pages=224|awards=|preceded_by=&lt;!-- for books in a series --&gt;|followed_by=&lt;!-- for books in a series --&gt;}}

'''''Noor''''' jẹ iwe itan itan-akọọlẹ imọ-jinlẹ ti 2021 Africanfuturist nipasẹ onkọwe ara ilu Amẹrika Nnedi Okorafor.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/blog/show/2149-6-great-books-hitting-shelves-this-week|title=6 Great Books Hitting Shelves|author=Cybil|date=November 16, 2021|website=[[Goodreads]]|access-date=February 27, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwe aramada naa ni a gbejade ni Oṣu kọkanla ọjọ 9, ọdun 2021, nipasẹ DAW Books ati pe o jẹ aramada agba kẹrin ti Okorafor kọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;BUS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/entertainment/nnedi-okorafor-noor-africanfuturism-disability-quotes|title=Nnedi Okorafor Is Tired Of Labels|first=K.W.|last=Colyard|date=November 22, 2021|website=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]]|access-date=February 27, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jẹ ipari ipari fun Aami Eye Locus fun aramada itan-akọọlẹ imọ-jinlẹ ti o dara julọ 

== Ìtàn náà ==
Obìnrin aláàbọ̀ ara ọmọ ilẹ̀ Igbo kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Anwuli Okwudili, tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ AO (Autobionic Organism  ), ń gbé ní [[Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] kan tí ó wà ní ọjọ́ iwájú, níbi tí ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ tó ti lọ síwájú ti jẹ́ kí ó lè ṣe àtúnṣe àwọn ẹ̀yà ara tí kò ní ìrísí tàbí tí kò lágbára pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun èlò ìṣiṣẹ́ cybernetic tí ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá-ńlá Ultimate Corp dá. AO ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí onímọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ní olú ìlú [[Àbújá|Abuja]] . Ní àríwá, ìjì iyanrìn ńlá kan tí a ń pè ní &quot;Ojú Pupa&quot; ń fẹ́ nígbà gbogbo. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti kọlù ú ní ọjà kan, AO jà padà, ó sì pa ọ̀pọ̀ ọkùnrin. Nígbà tí wọ́n ń wá a fún ìpànìyàn, ó sá lọ, ó sì pàdé ọkùnrin darandaran Fulani kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Dangote Nuhu Adamu, ẹni tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ &quot;DNA&quot;. Nítorí pé wọ́n tún ń wá a fún ìpànìyàn, DNA àti AO sá papọ̀ lọ sí àríwá.  

== Ìdàgbàsókè ==
Ní ọjọ́ ìbí Okorafor, ó gbé àwòrán ìkọ̀wé tí a ti parí fún ''Noor'' jáde èyí tí ó fi ránṣẹ́ sí olóòtú rẹ̀ ní DAW Books .  Nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò kan pẹ̀lú ''Bustle'', ó sọ pé òun ní àwọn tí wọ́n pe ara wọn ní cyborgs lọ́kàn nígbà tí òun ń kọ ìwé ''Noor'', àti pé a retí pé ìwé náà yóò gbé àwọn aláàbọ̀ ara lárugẹ nínú ìtàn àròsọ . 

== Àwọn Àkòrí ==
Noor da lórí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn kókó-ọ̀rọ̀, títí kan ìmọ̀ nípa ìṣàkóso àti ìbáṣepọ̀ láàrin ẹ̀rọ àti ènìyàn (cybernetics), àṣà àtọwọ́dọ́wọ́, agbára tí a lè tún lò (renewable energy), àríwí nípa ètò ọrọ̀-ajé ti kapitalismu, ìdánimọ̀ ipa akọ tàbí abo, èrò-ìmọ̀ solarpunk, àti ìtàn tí a tún gbé kalẹ̀ ní ọ̀nà ti ọjọ́-iwájú nípa ìforígbárí láàrin àwọn àgbẹ̀ àti àwọn darandaran ní Nàìjíríà.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=Gary K. Wolfe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
''Noor'' gba àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò olókìkí láti ''ọ̀dọ̀ Publishers Weekly''  àti ''Kirkus Reviews'' .  ''Kirkus Reviews'' pè é ní &quot;Ẹ̀sùn onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ tó lágbára nípa ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;KIR&quot; /&gt; Mahvesh Murad ti ''Tor.com'' ṣe àpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ìwé kan tí ó gbé ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára, tó sì ṣe kedere lòdì sí ìṣọ́ ìjọba àti ìfipábáni-ní-ọrọ̀-ajé.” 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>krix4hryxa5exn8dnluliu87hvn6rse</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Àwọn ọfà Òjò</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>636891</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T08:52:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1223663644|Arrows of Rain]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Arrows of Rain|image=Arrows of Rain.jpg|caption=|alt=|author=[[Okey Ndibe]]|title_orig=|working_title=|translator=|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=Nigeria|language=English|series=[[African Writers Series]]|release_number=|subject=|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann Publisher]]|pub_date=2000|pages=|awards=|isbn=0-435-90657-7|oclc=44629058|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=[[Foreign Gods, Inc.]]|wikisource=}}


Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀- [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|èdè Nàìjíríà]] Okey Ndibe ni '''''Arrows of Rain''''' . A tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 2000, ìwé àròsọ rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ ni.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-ca-jc-okey-ndibe-20150111-story.html|title=Review: Okey Ndibe's 'Arrows of Rain' splits its powerful message|date=January 9, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>7pfadjawcev44wmtl39nhv6uwx2xu6n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Àwọn Olùtumọ̀ (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84364</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636894</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:05:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753850|The Interpreters (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>636894</origin>
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{{Infobox book||name=''The Interpreters''|title_orig=|translator=|image=TheInterpreters.jpg|caption=|author=[[Wole Soyinka]]|cover_artist=|country=|language=[[English language|English]]|series=|genre=|publisher=[[André Deutsch]]|release_date=1965|media_type=Print|pages=253|isbn=|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}


'''''Ìwé ìtàn The Interpreters''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Wọlé Sóyinká|Wole Soyinka]] kọ, èyí tí André Deutsch kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ jáde ní ìlú London ní ọdún 1965 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Interpreters}}&lt;/ref&gt; lẹ́yìn náà ó tún tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ìwé Heinemann African Writers Series tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ.  Ó jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìwé ìtàn mẹ́ta péré   tí Soyinka kọ; òun ni a mọ̀ sí òǹkọ̀wé eré. Wọ́n kọ ìwé ìtàn náà ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, wọ́n sì túmọ̀ rẹ̀ sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ èdè lẹ́yìn náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;gillard&quot; /&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn ìwé náà wáyé ní àwọn ọdún 1960, ní àkókò tí Nàìjíríà ti gba òmìnira ṣùgbọ́n tí ogun abẹ́lé kò tíì bẹ̀rẹ̀, pàápàá jùlọ ní ìlú Èkó. Àwọn ènìyàn márùn-ún pàtàkì ló wà nínú ìtàn náà: Egbo, òṣìṣẹ́ ní ilé-iṣẹ́ ìjọba tó ń rí sí ọ̀rọ̀ ilẹ̀ òkèèrè; Bandele, ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n ní ilé-ìwé gíga; Sagoe, oníròyìn; Sekoni, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó wá di oníṣẹ́-ọnà gbígbẹ́ ère; àti Kola, oníṣẹ́-ọnà. Wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀rẹ́ nígbà tí wọ́n wà ní ilé-ìwé girama, lẹ́yìn náà wọ́n lọ sí ilẹ̀ òkèèrè láti lọ kẹ́kọ̀ọ́, wọ́n sì padà wá sí Nàìjíríà láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ tí ó bá ipò àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n wà ní àárín gbùngbùn nínú ọrọ̀-ajé mu.

== Àṣà ==
Ìtàn ''The Interpreters'' dà bí èyí tí ó kún fún ìdàrúdàpọ̀, pẹ̀lú Soyinka tí ó ń lo ọ̀nà ìtàn tí kò ní ìlà, tí ó sì máa ń tún wo àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àtijọ́. Nítorí náà, lílóye àwọn ohun kikọ pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ Egbo àti Sagoe, nílò àfiyèsí àti ìsapá gidigidi. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn mìíràn (àwọn ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n yunifásítì, ìgbìmọ̀ olóòtú ìwé ìròyìn níbi tí Sagoe ti ń ṣiṣẹ́) ni a fi hàn ní ọ̀nà tí ó yàtọ̀ sí àwọn àṣà ìgbà náà. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ìwé ìtàn náà jáde ní ọdún 1960, lẹ́yìn tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà di òmìnira, Soyinka sì gbìyànjú láti kọ́ ìtàn rẹ̀ láti tako àwọn èrò àìdáa tí wọ́n sábà máa ń fi kún ìwé ìtàn lẹ́yìn ìjọba amúnisìn.  Ìṣètò ìtàn náà tún ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àkíyèsí lórí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìgbésí ayé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀. 

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Thomas Lask, tó ń kọ̀wé fún ''ìwé ìròyìn The New York Times'', tako ìgbékalẹ̀ ìwé ìtàn náà “tí ó tàn kálẹ̀.”  Sibẹsibẹ, atunyẹwo rẹ jẹ rere, o si yin apapo awọn &quot;awọn iṣoro ẹwa ati ti iṣelu&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;nyt&quot; /&gt; Wọ́n ti pe ìwé ìtàn náà ní “oníṣòro” àti “tí kò tíì gba àfiyèsí tó yẹ fún rí”. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kinkead-Weekes|first=Mark|title=Critical Perspectives on Wole Soyinka|publisher=Three Continents Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ẹgbẹ́ àti Olórí</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84365</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636895</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:06:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340178083|Kinsman and Foreman]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1403" sha1="or4xgm3wme1a657xjhko22nu20esqgn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|caption=Title page for ''Kinsman and Foreman'' (1966)|author=[[T.M. Aluko]]|isbn=978-0435900328|name=Kinsman and Foreman|image=File:Kinsman_and_Foreman.png|language=English|country=Nigeria|genre=Literary Fiction|publisher=Heinemann}}'''''Kinsman and Foreman''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ tí ó dá lórí ọ̀rọ̀ àwùjọ, tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, T. M. Aluko, kọ ní ọdún 1966. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn ìwé tí ó wà nínú àkójọ &quot;Heinemann African Writers Series.&quot; Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé akọni ìtàn náà—tí ó jẹ́ òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba—gbìyànjú láti kojú ìwà ìbàjẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà, kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, ní parivẹ́, wọ́n sì gbé e lọ sí ibi iṣẹ́ tí ó jìnnà réré.[1] Nígbà tí ó ń ṣàpèjúwe ìwà ìbàjẹ́ nínú àwùjọ Nàìjíríà, ìwé náà ṣàgbéyẹ̀wò àwọn kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó jẹyọ láti inú ìrírí Aluko gẹ́gẹ́ bí onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nípa iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ìjọba (civil engineer).[2] Ní ti àkòrí, ìwé náà dá lórí àwọn ìlànà ìwà rere àti ìforígbárí àṣà tí ó ń fa ìwà ìbàjẹ́ náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cortese&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=9783039106325|author=Cortese|pages=109–133}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ọmọ kan ṣoṣo (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
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    <id>84366</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:07:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319384494|The Only Son (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1581" sha1="e044pwioieks4ye7gbq4yjn7s92f5cd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|caption=Title page for ''The Only Son'' (1966)|author=John Munonye|isbn=9780435900212|name=The Only Son|image=File:The_Only_Son_(novel).png|language=English|country=Nigeria|genre=Fiction|published=1966|publisher=Heinemann|media_type=Print (paperback)}}


'''''Ọmọ Kanṣoṣo''''' ni iwe itan-akọọlẹ akọkọ lati ọwọ onkọwe ọmọ orilẹ-ede Naijiria, John Munonye. A kọkọ tẹ iwe naa jade ni ọdun 1966 gẹgẹbi apakan ti jara 'Heinemann African Writers Series'. Iwe naa sọ itan obinrin Igbo kan ti ọkọ rẹ ti ku, bi o ṣe n tọ ọmọ rẹ ọkunrin, Nnanna, ẹni ti o gba ẹkọ ni ile-iwe ti aṣa Iwọ-oorun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Munonye#ref254142|title=John Munonye {{!}} Nigerian educator and novelist|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-07-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Àríyànjiyàn láàárín ìyá àti ọmọ rẹ̀ ló gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìtàn náà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Only Son|url=http://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/glendora%20review/vol3no1/graa003001012.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìwé ìtàn Munonye mìíràn, ìwé ìtàn náà tẹ̀lé ìjàkadì Nnanna láti kojú àwọn ohun tí àwọn ènìyàn yòókù ń retí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Individual and Society: A Study of John Munonye's Early Novels|url=http://academics.tctc.edu/lynx/Authors/Munonye_Oil.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Ọkùnrin Kan, Ìjà Kan</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753884|One Man, One Matchet]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=One Man, One Matchet|title_orig=|translator=|image=OneManOneMatchet.jpg|caption=First edition|author=[[T. M. Aluko]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English|series=|genre=[[Historical novel]]|publisher=[[Heinemann (book publisher)|Heinemann]]|release_date=1964|english_release_date=|media_type=Print ([[Hardcover|hardback]] &amp; [[paperback]])|pages=203|isbn=978-0435900113|isbn_note=(reissued)|preceded_by=[[One Man, One Wife]] (1959)|followed_by=[[Kinsman and Foreman]] (1966)}}


Ìwé ìtàn '''''One Man, One Matchet''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀- [[Nàìjíríà|èdè Nàìjíríà]] [[T. M. Aluko|TM Aluko]] kọ tí wọ́n sì tẹ̀ jáde ní ìlú London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24394595M/One_man_one_matchet|title=One man, one matchet|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; ní ọdún 1964 gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé kọkànlá nínú ìwé Heinemann African Writers Series. Ìwé ìtàn náà sọ ìtàn àwùjọ kan ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà ní ìparí àkókò ìjọba amúnisìn àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ òmìnira. Ó wà ní agbègbè kékeré kan níbi tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olùgbé ibẹ̀ gbára lé owó tí wọ́n ń rí láti inú èso koko wọn, ìtàn náà sì wo ipa àwọn tí kò mọ̀wé. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e6onAQAAMAAJ|title=One Man, One Matchet}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benjamin Benjamin ní nínú àwùjọ kékeré náà. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ohùn (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753944|The Voice (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book||name=The Voice|title_orig=|translator=|image=The Voice (novel).jpg|caption=|author=[[Gabriel Okara]]|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|series=[[African Writers Series]]|genre=Fiction|publisher=Africana Publisher|release_date=1964|media_type=Print|pages=127|isbn=0-8419-0015-9|oclc=1162390|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}


'''''Ìwé ìtàn The Voice''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 1964 tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Gabriel Okara]] kọ, èyí tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ìwé ìtàn àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà . &lt;ref name=&quot;BTR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|location=}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn ìwé náà wáyé ní àwọn ọdún 1960, ní ilẹ̀ Igbo ní Nàìjíríà lẹ́yìn tí orílẹ̀-èdè náà ti gba òmìnira. Lẹ́yìn tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀, Okolo padà sí ilé láti wá òtítọ́. Àwọn olórí ilẹ̀ náà lé e kúrò ní agbègbè náà nítorí ẹ̀rù pé ó lè gba ipò wọn.  

== Àṣà ==
Olóòtú kan ní ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' sọ pé &quot;Okara túmọ̀ tààrà láti èdè Ijo (Ijaw), ó sì fi ìlànà Ijo sí èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì láti fi hàn pé àwọn èrò àti àwòrán ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ló wà níbẹ̀. Ìwé ìtàn náà ṣẹ̀dá àwọ̀ ilẹ̀ tí agbára àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Áfíríkà àti ìfẹ́ ohun ìní ìwọ̀ oòrùn ń jà... Bí Okara ṣe ṣe àfihàn àwọn ìdààmú inú akọni rẹ̀ yàtọ̀ sí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn Nàìjíríà mìíràn.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;BTR&quot; /&gt; Aṣa Okara fi iwa gidi ti ẹni ti ebi n pa agbara han. 

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Thomas Hinde, tó ń kọ̀wé fún ''The Times Literary Supplement'', sọ pé ''The Voice'' jẹ́ “ìtàn ìwà rere dípò ìtàn àròsọ” àti pé “àwọn ohun kikọ rẹ̀ ní àmì tó tẹ́jú”. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Ọ̀pá igi Noble</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1221818065|Wand of Noble Wood]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Ìwé Wand of Noble Wood''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà Onoura Nzekwu kọ ní ọdún 1961, èyí tí Heinemann tún tẹ̀ jáde lẹ́yìn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ìwé ìtàn pàtàkì ti àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà . Wọ́n ti fi ìwé ìtàn náà wé ìwé Achebe tí a pè ní ''No Longer at Ease'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Black Mind: A History of African Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGoe_ZOLs-sC&amp;pg=PA178|year=1974|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-1-4529-1228-8|page=178}}&lt;/ref&gt; ÌÌwé ìtàn àròsọ yìí ṣe àlàyé kíkún nípa àṣà àwọn ọmọ Igbo; àní, olùtúpalẹ̀ kan ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí &quot;ìwé ìtàn àròsọ tí ó ní àlàyé tó péye nípa ìgbésí ayé àti àṣà ènìyàn, èyí tí ó tó fún ohunkóhun tí òǹkàwé lè fẹ́ mọ̀.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Olney2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_t9BgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA60|title=Tell Me Africa: An Approach to African Literature|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-7059-2|page=60}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àyẹ̀wò àṣà ìbílẹ̀ di ohun pàtàkì, pẹ̀lú ìwádìí jíjinlẹ̀ lórí àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ bíi ìgbéyàwó ẹ̀yà. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292417573|Chief the Honourable Minister]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Chief the Honourable Minister|image=File:Chief_the_Honourable_Minister_book_cover.jpg|caption=|author=[[T. M. Aluko]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English|series=[[African Writers Series]]|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|publisher=[[African Writers Series]]|release_date=1970|media_type=Print ([[Paperback]])|pages=|isbn=|preceded_by=[[One Man, One Matchet]]|followed_by=}}


'''''Olórí Àgbà Minisita'''''Jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ tí ó dá lórí ọ̀rọ̀ àwùjọ, tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà T. M. Aluko kọ ní ọdún 1970. Òun ni ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ kẹta rẹ̀ tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde lábẹ́ àkójọ ìwé olókìkí náà, 'African Writers Series', lẹ́yìn ìwé 'One Man, One Matchet'.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Delany|first1=J. Dennis|title=Two African Tales - Chief the Honourable Minister. T. M. Aluko. New York: Humanities Press, 1970. 214 pp. - Danda. Nkem Nwankwo. New York: Humanities Press, 1970. 205 pp.|journal=[[African Studies Review]]|date=1971|volume=14|issue=2|pages=328–330|doi=10.2307/523840|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/two-african-tales-chief-the-honourable-minister-t-m-aluko-new-york-humanities-press-1970-214-pp-danda-nkem-nwankwo-new-york-humanities-press-1970-205-pp/D4357D475208591973FF72522E49E96F|publisher=African Studies Association|jstor=523840|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé náà sọ̀rọ̀ nípa Alade Moses, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ akọni nínú ìwé náà. Onírònú ará Áfíríkà tí ó jẹ́ ìgbéraga ìlú ìbílẹ̀ rẹ̀ (Newtown), ó gba ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní òkè òkun kí ó tó padà sí ipò olórí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Grammar. Wọ́n pè é padà sí iṣẹ́ lójijì nígbà tí ó wà ní [[Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì|England]] níbi ìrìn àjò ọ̀sẹ̀ márùn-ún ti British Grammar Schools tí British Council gbèrò láti ṣe, wọ́n sì sọ fún un nípasẹ̀ káàbù pé wọ́n ti fi í ṣe mínísítà nínú ìjọba tuntun náà. 

Ní tòótọ́, Mose fẹ́ ṣe ohun tó dára jùlọ, ó sì jẹ́ olóòótọ́ ní pàtàkì, ṣùgbọ́n ìsapá rẹ̀ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àbùkù nípasẹ̀ ìṣèlú ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú àti àwọn mínísítà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tí wọ́n jẹ́ oníwà ìbàjẹ́ 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <text bytes="1093" sha1="5anb43hz3fkslsfy6g6diz66dwy9va1" xml:space="preserve">'''''Danda''''' jẹ aramada 1970 nipasẹ onkọwe Naijiria [[Nkem Nwankwo]] . Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde nínú 'African Writers Series' àti nípasẹ̀ 'Open Humanities Press' ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Two African Tales - Chief the Honourable Minister. T. M. Aluko. New York: Humanities Press, 1970. 214 pp. – Danda. Nkem Nwankwo.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/two-african-tales-chief-the-honourable-minister-t-m-aluko-new-york-humanities-press-1970-214-pp-danda-nkem-nwankwo-new-york-humanities-press-1970-205-pp/D4357D475208591973FF72522E49E96F|publisher=African Studies Association}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijah/article/view/106675|title=Oral Tradition as the Literary Skeleton of African Novels: A Study of Nkem Nwankwo's Danda}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25115285|title=Tricksters Don't Walk the Dogma: Nkem Nwankwo's 'Danda'|year=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <text bytes="1156" sha1="gscne5742urk780rn6cboabv0u1js74" xml:space="preserve">'''''Danda''''' jẹ ìwé àròsọ láti ọwọ́ oǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè Naijiria [[Nkem Nwankwo]] ní ọdún 1970. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde nínú ìpele ìwé 'African Writers Series' nípasẹ̀ 'Open Humanities Press' ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Two African Tales - Chief the Honourable Minister. T. M. Aluko. New York: Humanities Press, 1970. 214 pp. – Danda. Nkem Nwankwo.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/two-african-tales-chief-the-honourable-minister-t-m-aluko-new-york-humanities-press-1970-214-pp-danda-nkem-nwankwo-new-york-humanities-press-1970-205-pp/D4357D475208591973FF72522E49E96F|publisher=African Studies Association}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijah/article/view/106675|title=Oral Tradition as the Literary Skeleton of African Novels: A Study of Nkem Nwankwo's Danda}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25115285|title=Tricksters Don't Walk the Dogma: Nkem Nwankwo's 'Danda'|year=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="1173" sha1="5yud44e1xkpdzlnniu6pqogfsunznsi" xml:space="preserve">'''''Danda''''' jẹ ìwé àròsọ láti ọwọ́ oǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè Naijiria [[:en:Nkem_Nwankwo|Nkem Nwankwo]] ní ọdún 1970. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde nínú ìpele ìwé 'African Writers Series' nípasẹ̀ 'Open Humanities Press' ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Two African Tales - Chief the Honourable Minister. T. M. Aluko. New York: Humanities Press, 1970. 214 pp. – Danda. Nkem Nwankwo.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/two-african-tales-chief-the-honourable-minister-t-m-aluko-new-york-humanities-press-1970-214-pp-danda-nkem-nwankwo-new-york-humanities-press-1970-205-pp/D4357D475208591973FF72522E49E96F|publisher=African Studies Association}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijah/article/view/106675|title=Oral Tradition as the Literary Skeleton of African Novels: A Study of Nkem Nwankwo's Danda}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25115285|title=Tricksters Don't Walk the Dogma: Nkem Nwankwo's 'Danda'|year=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <comment>Mo fi ìtumọ̀ sí ise apá agbaboolu ile Egypt</comment>
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      <text bytes="65964" sha1="djkhzy429e2d9iba4a8vs2pk8b6vg0l" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;{short description|Egyptian footballer (born 1997)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}{{Infobox football biography|name=Mostafa Ziko|image=Mostafa Ziko Argentina v Egypt 7 July 2026-100.jpg|caption=Ziko with [[Egypt national football team|Egypt]] in 2026|full_name=Mostafa Mohamed Zaky Abdelraouf&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce281/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup 2026™ – Squad List: Egypt (EGY) |publisher=FIFA |page=17 |date=19 July 2026 |access-date=21 July 2026 |archive-date=21 July 2026 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260721042044/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce281/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_date={{birth date and age|1997|4|27|df=y}}&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|birth_place=[[Shibin El Kom]], Egypt&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=إبراهيم |first=هند |date=2026-05-29 |title=بعد تألقه مع منتخب مصر.. والدة مصطفى زيكو تروى كواليس رحلة الكفاح من شبين الكوم إلى حلم المشاركة فى كأس العالم |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/4280932 |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=المصري اليوم |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;|height=1.79 m&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|position=[[Left winger]]/[[Midfielder#Winger|right winger]]/[[Midfielder#Advanced playmaker|attacking midfielder]]/[[Forward (association football)#Centre-forward|centre-forward]]&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot;/&gt;|currentclub=[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]|clubnumber=30|years1=2016–2019|clubs1=[[Gomhoriat Shebin SC|Gomhoriat Shebin]]|caps1={{tooltip|?|Senior league appearance records unavailable}}|goals1={{tooltip|?|Senior league goal records unavailable}}|years2=2019–2023|clubs2=[[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]]|caps2={{tooltip|?|Senior league appearance records unavailable}}|goals2={{tooltip|?|Senior league goal records unavailable}}|years3=2023–2025|clubs3=[[ZED FC|ZED]]|caps3=56|goals3=18|years4=2025–|clubs4=[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]|caps4=22|goals4=6|nationalyears1=2026–|nationalteam1=[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]|nationalcaps1=7|nationalgoals1=4|club-update=17:36, 1 June 2026 (UTC)|nationalteam-update=7 July 2026}}'''Mostafa Mohamed Zaky Abdelraouf''' ({{langx|ar|مصطفى محمد زكي عبد الرؤوف}}; Wọn bi i ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1997; orúkọ tí a mọ̀ ọ́ sí ni Mostafa Zico (tàbí Mostafa Ziko), tàbí kí a kàn pè é ní Zico (tàbí Ziko) (زيكو). Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọjọ́gbọ́n láti ilẹ̀ Egypt, ó sì máa ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní ipò agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì (left winger) fún ẹgbẹ́ Pyramids tó wà ní Lígì Premier ti Egypt àti fún ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt. Ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní ipò agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá ọ̀tún, agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín pápá tó ń gbógun ti àtakò (attacking midfielder), àti agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú (centre-forward) pẹ̀lú..&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/446478/رحلة-صعود-وعيب-وحيد-من-هو-زيكو-أحدث-اختيارات-فيتوريا-لـ-منتخب-مصر|title=رحلة صعود وعيب وحيد.. من هو &quot;زيكو&quot; أحدث اختيارات فيتوريا لـ منتخب مصر|trans-title=A Rise to Prominence and One Single Flaw: Who Is &quot;Ziko&quot;, Vitória’s Latest Pick for the Egypt National Team?|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first1=Mahmoud|last1=Hamdy|first2=Reda|last2=El-Sonbaty|access-date=3 November 2022|date=7 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Orúkọ àpèlé rẹ̀, 'Ziko', tọ́ka sí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ilẹ̀ Brazil tí a mọ̀ sí Zico.,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=June 6, 2026|title=Entenda relação de Ziko, do Egito, carrasco da Seleção Brasileira, com Zico|url=https://www.lance.com.br/copa-do-mundo/entenda-relacao-de-ziko-do-egito-carrasco-da-selecao-brasileira-com-zico.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610080144/lance.com.br/copa-do-mundo/entenda-relacao-de-ziko-do-egito-carrasco-da-selecao-brasileira-com-zico.html|archive-date=June 10, 2026|access-date=June 23, 2026|website=[[Lance!]]|language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nítorí pé bàbá rẹ̀ nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí eléré-ìdárayá náà.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2026-06-06|title=Brasil enfrenta Ziko, jogador do Egito que se inspira em Zico|url=https://www.band.com.br/esportes/futebol/copa-do-mundo/noticias/brasil-vai-enfrentar-ziko-jogador-do-egito-com-apelido-inspirado-em-zico-202606061819|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607223746/https://www.band.com.br/esportes/futebol/copa-do-mundo/noticias/brasil-vai-enfrentar-ziko-jogador-do-egito-com-apelido-inspirado-em-zico-202606061819|archive-date=June 7, 2026|access-date=June 23, 2026|website=[[Rede Bandeirantes]]|language=pt-BR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ziko bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọọlu rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Gomhoriat Shebin, kí ó tó dara pọ̀ mọ́ Haras El Hodoud ní ọdún 2019; níbẹ̀ ni ó ti ní ìdàgbàsókè gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọọlu apá (winger) nínú Lígì Premier ti ilẹ̀ Egypt. Ní ọdún 2023, ó dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ ZED, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọọlu tí ó gba àmì-ayò (goal) púpọ̀ jùlọ fún ẹgbẹ́ náà ní àwọn àsìkò méjèèjì tí ó lò níbẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Zamalek ti fi ìfẹ́ hàn sí i, Ziko dara pọ̀ mọ́ Pyramids, níbi tí ó ti gba ife-ẹ̀yẹ Egypt Cup, CAF Super Cup, àti FIFA African–Asian–Pacific Cup ní àsìkò àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú wọn..

Botilẹjẹpe ko tii gba bọọlu fun awọn ẹgbẹ ọdọ orilẹ-ede rẹ tẹlẹ, Ziko bẹrẹ ere fun ẹgbẹ agba orilẹ-ede Egypt ni ọdun 2026 nigba ti o wa ni ọmọ ọdun mọkandinlọgbọn. Bi o tilẹ jẹ pe ko nireti pe wọn yoo pe e, wọn wa fi orukọ rẹ kun ẹgbẹ ti yoo kopa ninu idije Ife Agbaye FIFA ti ọdun 2026; nibẹ ni o ti di pataki ninu igbiyanju ẹgbẹ Egypt lati de ipele ti awọn ẹgbẹ mẹrindilogun (Round of 16), pẹlu gbigba ami ayo meji wọle..&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.flashscore.co.uk/news/egyptian-star-zico-has-already-made-a-name-for-himself-at-the-world-cup/0UchfFM9/|title=Egyptian star Ziko has already made a name for himself at the World Cup|publisher=FlashScore|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;arabnewsfuture&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.pk/node/2650616/sport|title=Egyptian football looks toward bright future after World Cup heroics|website=[[Arab News]]|date=12 July 2026|access-date=13 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==
Lẹ́yìn tí bàbá rẹ̀ kú nígbà tí ó wà ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá, Ziko ní láti máa ṣiṣẹ́ ní ilé-ìtajà aṣọ ti ìdílé wọn ní Shibin El Kom, ní Monufia..&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt; Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀ ọkùnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n máa ń pe ní 'Ziko' tẹ́lẹ̀, fi eré bọ́ọ̀lù sílẹ̀ láti lè fi ààyè pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ rẹ̀.r.&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;

== Club career ==

=== Early career ===
Ziko bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ ní Gomhoriat Shebin. Ní ọdún 2022, olùkọ́ni rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ níbẹ̀, Samir Kamouna, sọ fún FilGoal pé: &quot;Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó tayọ gan-an; nígbà tí mo wà ní ipò olùkọ́ni ní Gomhoreyat Shebin, ó ṣe dáadáa gan-an, ó sì fa àfiyèsí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù... Ziko gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpèsè ní àkókò mi – pàápàá jùlọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ENPPI àti Ismaily tí wọ́n nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí i jùlọ – ṣùgbọ́n àìléègbà lórí ọ̀rọ̀ owó ló dí ìlọsí rẹ̀ lọ sí èyíkéyìí nínú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí lọ́wọ́, nítorí náà ó dúró pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ náà.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt;

Lẹ́yìn náà, Ziko darapọ̀ mọ́ Haras El Hodoud ní ọdún 2019; àdéhùn náà sì ní ìlànà kan tó sọ pé wọn yóò gba ìpín mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (25%) tí wọ́n bá tún ta ẹrjọ̀sì náà ní ọjọ́ iwájú..&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/530478|title=رجل مباريات الدوري المصري.. كيف تغيرت مسيرة زيكو في 304 أيام|trans-title=Egyptian League Man of the Match... How Ziko's career transformed in 304 days|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Amr|last=Abdel Moneim|access-date=24 July 2026|date=7 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó kópa nínú àsìkò ìdíje àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Lígì Àkọ́kọ́ ti ilẹ̀ Éjíbítì ní àsìkò ìdíje ọdún Ní àsìkò eré 2022–23, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní gba àmì-ayò wọlé fún àsìkò náà nínú eré tí wọ́n fi 2–1 ṣẹ́gun wọn ní ọwọ́ Cleopatra FC ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2022..&lt;ref name=&quot;fr.h&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.footmercato.net/live/1398696346558923518-ceramica-cleopatra-vs-haras-el-hodood|title=Ceramica Cleo 2–1 Haras|lang=fr|work=Foot Mercato|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù Kínní, ọdún 2023, ó gba góòlù kan láti inú ìyọ̀ǹda ìjìyà (penalty) nínú eré tí ó parí sí ìdọ́gba 2–2 pẹ̀lú Al Mokawloon..&lt;ref name=&quot;fr.hm&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.foot-direct.com/live/7826189615043839133-al-mokawloon-vs-haras-el-hodood|title=Mokawloon 3–2 Haras|lang=fr|work=Foot Direct|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù Kínní, nínú eré rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e, Ziko gba àmì-ayò méjì wọlé lòdì sí ẹgbẹ́ Ismaily; eré náà parí pẹ̀lú àbájáde 2–0.[1] Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù Kejì, ó gba àmì-ayò kan wọlé, ó sì tún ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àmì-ayò mìíràn nínú ìṣẹ́gun 1–2 lórí ẹgbẹ́ Ghazl El Mahalla..&lt;ref name=&quot;sr.hm&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/2/5/زيكو-رجل-مباراة-غزل-المحلة-وحرس-الحدود/6073779|title=&quot;زيكو&quot; رجل مباراة غزل المحلة وحرس الحدود|lang=ar|trans-title=&quot;Zick&quot; named Man of the Match in the Ghazl El-Mahalla vs. Haras El-Hodoud game|work=[[Youm7]]|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù Kẹta, Ziko gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó dára jùlọ nínú eré náà fún ipa tó kó nínú ìdíje tí kò sí ẹni tí ó gba àmì-ayò wọlé (tí ó parí sí 0-0) pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Cleopatra FC..&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFc&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/458178/الرابعة-من-أصل-9-مصطفى-زيكو-رجل-مباراة-الحدود-وسيراميكا|title=الرابعة من أصل 9.. مصطفى زيكو رجل مباراة الحدود وسيراميكا|trans-title=Fourth out of 9... Mostafa Zico named Man of the Match in Haras El Hodoud vs. Ceramica clash|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=5 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà ti pinnu iye owó tí wọ́n yóò fi tú u sílẹ̀ (release clause) sí mílíọ̀nù 40 pọ́ọ̀ndì ilẹ̀ Egypt, Ziko sọ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2023 pé: &quot;Ẹnu yà mí sí bí ẹgbẹ́ Haras El Hodoud ṣe béèrè fún mílíọ̀nù 40 pọ́ọ̀ndì láti jẹ́ kí n kúrò; mo gbàgbọ́ pé kò sí agbábọ́ọ̀lù kankan ní ilẹ̀ Egypt tó tó iye owó yẹn.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;40m&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/459265/زيكو-تفاجأت-بطلب-الحدود-40-مليون-لبيعي-لا-يوجد-لاعب-في-مصر-يستحق-هذا-المبلغ|title=زيكو: تفاجأت بطلب الحدود 40 مليون لبيعي.. لا يوجد لاعب في مصر يستحق هذا المبلغ|trans-title=Ziko: I was surprised by Haras El Hodoud asking 40 million for my transfer... No player in Egypt is worth that amount|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=22 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OFFERSa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/510551/زد-يعلن-تلقيه-4-عروض-لرحيل-زيكو|title=زد يعلن تلقيه 4 عروض لرحيل زيكو|trans-title=ZED announces receiving four offers for Ziko's departure|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026|date=4 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ssFG&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/510482/خبر-في-الجول-صابر-ونبيه-ضمن-الصفقة-بيراميدز-يتوصل-لاتفاق-مع-زد-لضم-زيكو|title=خبر في الجول - صابر ونبيه ضمن الصفقة.. بيراميدز يتوصل لاتفاق مع زد لضم زيكو|trans-title=FilGoal Exclusive: Saber and Nabih Included in the Deal – Pyramids Reach Agreement with ZED to Sign Zico|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Amr|last=Nabil|access-date=24 July 2026|date=3 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó tún sọ pé: &quot;Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ báyìí, a ti dájú láti gbé ẹgbẹ́ náà jáde kúrò nínú ipò tí kò dára tí ó wà, nítorí pé Haras El Hodoud jẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ tó ní ìtàn gbígba àwọn oyè, ipò tí ó sì wà báyìí kò yẹ ẹ́ rárá.&quot;t.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;40m&quot; /&gt; ] Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Karùn-ún, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ìjìyà (penalty) wọlé, ó sì tún ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún góòlù kan nínú eré tí wọ́n fi 1–3 ṣẹ́gun wọn ní ọwọ́ Tala'ea El Gaish..&lt;ref name=&quot;fr.hm1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/match/2023-05-04/haras-el-hodood-sc-vs-talaea-el-gaish-sc/2987689|title=d Haras El Hodoud SC 2–3 Tala'ea El Gaish SC|lang=en|work=GSA|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lapapọ, ni gbogbo akoko, Zico gba ami-ẹri ọkunrin ti ere ni awọn akoko 7 - diẹ sii ju eyikeyi oṣere miiran lọ ni 2022–23 Premier League Egypt.&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt; Ní ti àkókò tí wọ́n máa ń ta tàbí ra agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn tó tẹ̀lé e, arákùnrin Ziko, ìyẹn Mohamed Abdel-Raouf, sọ nígbà tó yá pé: &quot;Arákùnrin mi gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpèsè kí wọ́n tó gbé ẹgbẹ́ Haras El Hodoud lọ sí Premier League, ṣùgbọ́n ẹgbẹ́ náà tẹnumọ́ pé àwọn fẹ́ dá a dúró, wọn kò sì gbà kí ó lọ.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; Ní ọdún 2025, Amr Abdel Moneim ti FilGoal kọ̀wé pé ní Haras, &quot;Ziko fi agbára rẹ̀ hàn fún gbogbo lìgì bọọlu ti ilẹ̀ Egypt; bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé ó ń gbá bọọlu fún ẹgbẹ́ kan tí ó máa ń tiraka nígbà gbogbo láti yẹra fún sísọ̀kalẹ̀ lọ sí ìpele tí ó kéré sí èyí tí wọ́n wà, ó tayọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn agbábọọlu tí ó dára jùlọ nínú lìgì náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìṣirò ṣe fi hàn.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt;

=== ZED ===

==== 2023–24: ZED top scorer and Egypt Cup final ====
Ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2023, Ziko dara pọ̀ mọ́ ZED FC láti ọ̀dọ̀ Haras El Hodoud pẹ̀lú àdéhùn àkókò eré márùn-ún.,&lt;ref name=&quot;n&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://egyptianproleague.com/league/scorrer|title=دوري نايل 2023/24 - ترتيب الهدافين|trans-title=2023/24 Nile League - Top goalscorers|lang=ar|publisher=EPL|access-date=13 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5s&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/466923/خبر-في-الجول-زد-يتمم-اتفاقه-مع-زيكو-وإسلام-عبد-الله-ثنائي-حرس-الحدود|title=خبر في الجول - زد يتمم اتفاقه مع زيكو وإسلام عبد الله ثنائي حرس الحدود|trans-title=FilGoal Exclusive – ZED FC Finalizes Deal for Haras El Hodoud Duo &quot;Ziko&quot; and Islam Abdallah|lang=ar|first=Reda|work=[[FilGoal]]|last=El-Sonbaty|access-date=25 July 2026|date=7 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; mu nọmba ẹgbẹ 10.&lt;ref name=&quot;s10&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dz.ma/players-football/mostafa-ziko.html|title=مصطفى عبد الرؤوف زيكو Mostafa Ziko مهاجم نادي زد اف سي|trans-title=Mostafa Abdel Raouf &quot;Ziko&quot; – ZED FC striker|lang=ar|work=DZ|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haras lẹhinna fowo si arakunrin arakunrin rẹ, Mohamed Abdel-Raouf, lati Tanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;ssFG&quot; /&gt; ] Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Ziko ṣí i payá pé òun ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ dara pọ̀ mọ́ Al Masry, &quot;ṣùgbọ́n ZED parí àdéhùn náà ní àkókò tó kẹ́yìn.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;almasry&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/468923/زيكو-زد-خطفني-من-المصري-في-اللحظات-الأخيرة-وكنت-أتمنى-مقابلة-محمد-صلاح|title=زيكو: زد خطفني من المصري في اللحظات الأخيرة.. وكنت أتمنى مقابلة محمد صلاح|trans-title=Ziko: ZED Snatched Me from Al Masry at the Last Minute... I Had Hoped to Meet Mohamed Salah|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=11 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù Kẹwa, Ziko gba góòlù méjì nínú eré tí ó parí sí ìdọ́gba 3–3 pẹ̀lú Baladiyat.t.&lt;ref name=&quot;Baladiyat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/470304/6-أهداف-وطرد-بداية-زد-المثالية-تصطدم-بتعادل-أمام-بلدية-المحلة|first=Islam|last=Ahmed|title=6 أهداف وطرد.. بداية زد المثالية تصطدم بتعادل أمام بلدية المحلة|trans-title=Six Goals and a Red Card: ZED's Perfect Start Halted by Draw Against Baladiyat El-Mahalla|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=5 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni 22 Oṣu Kẹwa, Ziko gba ijiya kan ni iyaworan 3–3 si Al Mokawloon; Ere naa ṣeto igbasilẹ fun awọn ijiya pupọ julọ ni Premier League Egypt, pẹlu 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;El Mokawloon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/471213|title=رقم لم يتحقق منذ 24 عاما.. المقاولون يتعادل مع زد بثلاثية في موقعة ركلات الجزاء|trans-title=A record unmatched in 24 years: Al Mokawloon draws 3-3 with ZED in a penalty-filled clash|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=22 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹwa, ó gba góòlù kan nínú eré tí ó parí sí ìdọ́gba 1–1 pẹ̀lú Smouha, nípa lílo àǹfààní àṣìṣe tí olùṣọ́-àwọ̀n El Hany Soliman ṣe..&lt;ref name=&quot;SmouhaSC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.btolat.com/news/328987|title=التعادل الإيجابي يحسم مباراة سموحة وزد في الدوري المصري|first=Ahmed|last=Owais|trans-title=Smouha vs. ZED Match in Egyptian League Ends in a Draw|work=btolat.com|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=28 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2023, Ziko gba bọ́ọ̀lù wọlé nínú ìṣẹ́gun 1–2 tí wọ́n fi padà bọ̀ láti borí Zamalek; èyí sì jẹ́ ìṣẹ́gun àkọ́kọ́ rí tí ZED ní lórí ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù yẹn..&lt;ref name=&quot;comeback&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/471914/زيكو-عودتنا-أمام-الزمالك-من-صفات-الكبار|title=زيكو: عودتنا أمام الزمالك من صفات الكبار|trans-title=Our comeback against Zamalek is a mark of a big team|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=3 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;comeback2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/471910|title=فوز أول تاريخي.. عودة زد تكتب خسارة الزمالك الثانية على التوالي|trans-title=A Historic First Win: ZED's Comeback Hands Zamalek Their Second Consecutive Defeat|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=3 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nítorí náà, Ziko gba góòlù karùn-ún rẹ̀ nínú eré mẹ́rin tí wọ́n tẹ̀lé ara wọn,[1] ó sì gbé ara rẹ̀ sí ipò tí ó wà lẹ́yìn Mabululu ti Al Ittihad nínú ìdíje láti di agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí ó ti gba góòlù jùlọ nínú lìígì náà..&lt;ref name=&quot;comeback&quot; /&gt; Nígbà tí ó ń bá ON Time Sports sọ̀rọ̀ lẹ́yìn ìdíje náà, Ziko sọ pé: &quot;Wọ́n gbá àfẹ́sẹ̀gbá wọlé sí wa ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ gan-an, láàrin ìṣẹ́jú márùn-ún àkọ́kọ́, ṣùgbọ́n láti lè padà wá borí ẹgbẹ́ tó lágbára bíi Zamalek jẹ́ àmì pàtàkì ti ẹgbẹ́ tó wà ní ipò gíga.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;comeback&quot; /&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀dógún oṣù Kejìlá, Ziko gba góòlù nípasẹ̀ ìyọ̀ǹda ìjìyà (penalty) sí àwọ̀n Pharco, èyí sì mú kí wọ́n borí nínú eré náà pẹ̀lú àbájáde 1–2.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pharco1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/474416|title=زد ينقض على وصافة الدوري بعودة الشوط الثاني أمام فاركو|trans-title=ZED pounces on second place in the league with a second-half comeback against Pharco|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nítorí náà, ó dé ipò gíga jùlọ nínú àtòjọ àwọn tó ń gba góòlù nínú lìgì pẹ̀lú góòlù mẹ́fà, ó sì dọ́gba pẹ̀lú Mabululu, Hossam Ashraf ti Baladiyat, àti Ahmed Belhadji ti Gouna..&lt;ref name=&quot;Pharco1&quot; /&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2023, Ziko gba góòlù kan nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–1 tí wọ́n ní lórí El Dakhleya nínú ìdíje lìgì, èyí sì sọ ọ́ di ẹni tí ó ti gba góòlù púpọ̀ jùlọ nínú lìgì náà..&lt;ref name=&quot;topscorer initially&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/475148/زيكو-أشعر-بالسعادة-لأنني-هداف-الدوري-وزد-المتصدر-وهذا-موقفي-من-العروض|title=زيكو: أشعر بالسعادة لأنني هداف الدوري وزد المتصدر.. وهذا موقفي من العروض|trans-title=Zico: I'm happy to be the league’s top scorer and for ZED to be leading the table... Here is my stance on transfer offers|first=Amr|last=Nabil|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=27 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn ìdíje náà, nígbà tó ń bá ON Time Sports sọ̀rọ̀, Ziko sọ pé: &quot;ZED ló wà ní ipò kìíní nínú lìgì náà, èmi sì ni agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó ti gba àmì-ayò tó pọ̀ jùlọ; inú mi dùn gan-an nípa èyí.&quot; Nígbà tí wọ́n béèrè lọ́wọ́ rẹ̀ nípa àwọn ìpèsè láti lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn, ó dáhùn pé: &quot;Mo wà lára ​​ẹgbẹ́ kan tó lágbára tó sì dọ́gba pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn nínú lìgì náà. Inú mi dùn ní ZED; àwọn olùdarí máa ń pèsè gbogbo ohun tí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù nílò. Mo wà ní ìlànà ẹgbẹ́ náà – bóyá mo kúrò lẹ́yìn tí mo bá gba ìpèsè tó dára tàbí kí n dúró pẹ̀lú ZED, inú mi yóò dùn ní ọ̀nà méjèèjì.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;topscorer initially&quot; /&gt;

Ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2024, Ziko gba góòlù kan láti inú ìyọ̀ǹda ìjìyà (penalty) nínú ìṣẹ́gun 0–3 lórí Baladiyat.;&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhbar el-Yom.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/4353049/1/زد-يواصل-سلسلة-الانتصارات-بالدوري-بثلاثي|title=زد يواصل سلسلة الانتصارات بالدوري بثلاثية في بلدية المحلة|trans-title=ZED FC Continues League Winning Streak with a 3-0 Victory over Baladiyat El-Mahalla|first=Amira|last=Anwar|work=[[Akhbar el-Yom]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=27 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhbar El-syaha.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://akhbarelsyaha.com/2024/04/271218.html|title=زد يكتسح بلدية المحلة ويقتنص الوصافة|trans-title=ZED Routs Baladiyat El-Mahalla and Claims Second Place|work=Akhbar El-syaha|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=27 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akhbar El-syaha royin pe o &quot;pada si atokọ awọn ti o n gba ami-ayò wọle&quot; lẹhin igba diẹ ti ko tii gba ami-ayò kankan wọle.[1] Pẹlu ami-ayò mẹjọ ninu liigi, o wa lẹhin Mabululu ati Ashraf, ti olukuluku wọn ni ami-ayò mọkanla..&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhbar El-syaha.1&quot; /&gt; On 28 May, Ziko scored a 90+6th minute equaliser with a volley against El Dakhleya in the [[round of 32]] of the [[2023–24 Egypt Cup|Egypt Cup]], helping ZED to a 2–1 win after extra time.&lt;ref name=&quot;fg1.23&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/483697|title=انتهت في كأس مصر - زد (2)-(1) الداخلية.. المتأهل الثالث|trans-title=Egypt Cup match concluded: ZED 2–1 El Dakhleya... the third team to advance|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=28 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 27 June, he scored and assisted in a 4–1 rout of [[Tala'ea El Gaish SC|Talaea El Gaish]];&lt;ref name=&quot;youm7.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2024/6/27/أهداف-مباراة-نادي-زد-وطلائع-الجيش-4-1-فى-دوري/6621148|title=أهداف مباراة نادي زد وطلائع الجيش 4-1 فى دوري نايل.. فيديو|trans-title=Highlights of the ZED FC vs. Tala'ea El Gaish match (4-1) in the Nile League... Video|work=[[Youm7]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=27 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vg.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vetogate.com/5182899|title=الدوري الممتاز، مصطفى زيكو أفضل لاعب في مباراة زد وطلائع الجيش|trans-title=Premier League: Mostafa Zico Named Man of the Match in ZED vs. Tala'ea El Gaish|work=Veto Gate|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=27 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; he repeated the feat in a 1–4 victory over [[ENPPI SC|ENPPI]] on 21 July.&lt;ref name=&quot;fg1.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/matches/352003/over/مباراة-إنبـي-زد-في-الدوري-المصري|title=الرابعة بلا فوز والرباعية الثانية.. زد يضرب إنبي ويواصل مطاردة المربع الذهبي|trans-title=A fourth victorious match and a second four-goal haul: ZED defeats ENPPI and continues the chase for the top four|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=21 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 4 August, he scored &quot;with a powerful header&quot; in a 2–1 defeat to [[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fg1.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/487651/بيراميدز-ينتصر-على-زد-ويؤجل-تتويج-الأهلي-بالدوري|title=بيراميدز ينتصر على زد ويؤجل تتويج الأهلي بالدوري|trans-title=Pyramids defeat ZED, delaying Al Ahly's league title win|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=4 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 14 August, he scored the sole goal with another header in a 1–0 victory over Al Masry, securing ZED's first-ever win over the club and ending their three-match losing streak.&lt;ref name=&quot;fg1.22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/488279/رأسية-زيكو-تكتب-ما-يحدث-لأول-مرة-في-مواجهات-زد-أمام-المصري|title=رأسية زيكو تكتب ما يحدث لأول مرة في مواجهات زد أمام المصري|trans-title=Zico's header marks a first in matches between ZED and Al Masry|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=4 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 August 2024, Ziko's ZED lost 1–0 to Pyramids in the [[2024 Egypt Cup final|Egypt Cup final]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/6/531026/Sports/Pyramids-FC-break-finals-jinx-to-claim-first-ever-.aspx|title=Pyramids FC break finals jinx to claim first ever Egypt Cup title|work=[[Al-Ahram|Al Ahram Online]]|date=30 August 2024|accessdate=2 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Journalists wrote that Ziko had, over the course of the season, established himself as one of the Egyptian Premier League's most effective wingers;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt; Ziko finished the season with 12 league goals, meaning he was [[2023–24 ZED FC season#Top goalscorer|ZED's top]] and [[2023–24 Egyptian Premier League#Top scorers|the league's joint-fourth top]] scorer.&lt;ref name=&quot;goal1ia..22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/ar-eg/أخبار/جدول-ترتيب-هدافي-الدوري-المصري-2023-2024/bltccc3217d9fdeaeae|title=جدول ترتيب هدافي الدوري المصري 2023-2024|trans-title=2023–2024 Egyptian League Top Scorers Table|work=[[Goal.com|Goal]]|lang=ar|first=Bilal|last=Mohamed|access-date=27 July 2026|date=18 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islam Ahmed of ''[[FilGoal]]'' reported that Ziko also won the joint-most penalties and made the joint-most appearances in the league.&lt;ref name=&quot;fg1ia..22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/488547|title=الشيبي والشناوي وكالوشا ووسام.. أبرز أرقام الدوري المصري موسم 2023-24|trans-title=Al-Chibi, El-Shenawy, Kalousha, and Wissam: Key stats from the 2023–24 Egyptian League season|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Islam|last=Ahmed|access-date=27 July 2026|date=19 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2024–25: ZED top scorer ====
On 12 October 2024, ''[[FilGoal]]'' reported that [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]'s sporting director, [[Mohamed Ramadan (footballer, born 1970)|Mohamed Ramadan]], was attempting to convince head coach [[Marcel Koller]] to agree to the signing of ZED duo Ziko and Abdelrahman El Banouby before the closing of the transfer window 25 October.&lt;ref name=&quot;ALKOLLER&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/491854/في-الجول-يكشف-كيف-يخطط-الأهلي-للتعاقدات-قبل-غلق-باب-القيد|title=في الجول يكشف كيف يخطط الأهلي للتعاقدات قبل غلق باب القيد|trans-title=FilGoal Reveals Al Ahly's Transfer Plans Before the Registration Window Closes|first=Ahmed|last=El-Khouli|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=12 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In November, ZED's [[Chief executive officer|CEO]], Ahmed Abdallah, noted external interest in Ziko, saying: &quot;[[Pyramids FC]] was the most persistent in seeking Ziko, followed by [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]], and finally Al Ahly.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEDCEO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/493389/مدير-زد-التنفيذي-لـ-في-الجول-ما-فعلناه-مع-الزمالك-حدث-مع-الأهلي-وبيراميدز-وهذا-طموحنا-الموسم-الحالي|title=مدير زد التنفيذي لـ في الجول: ما فعلناه مع الزمالك حدث مع الأهلي وبيراميدز.. وهذا طموحنا الموسم الحالي|trans-title=ZED FC CEO to FilGoal: What we did with Zamalek, we also did with Al Ahly and Pyramids... and here is our ambition for the current season|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=6 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 November, Ziko scored in a 2–0 win over his former club [[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]],&lt;ref name=&quot;former&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/495012/زد-يبدأ-مشواره-انتصاراته-في-الدوري-بثنائية-البانوبي-وزيكو-ضد-حرس-الحدود|title=زد يبدأ مشواره انتصاراته في الدوري بثنائية البانوبي وزيكو ضد حرس الحدود|trans-title=ZED kicks off its league wins with a brace from El-Banouby and a goal from Ziko against Haras El-Hodoud|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=30 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; helping ZED to its first league win that season.&lt;ref name=&quot;former2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2024/11/30/زد-يفوز-على-حرس-الحدود-بثنائية-ويحقق-انتصاره-الأول-فى/6795450|title=زد يفوز على حرس الحدود بثنائية ويحقق انتصاره الأول فى الدورى|trans-title=ZED Beats Haras El Hodoud 2–0 to Secure First League Win|work=[[Youm7]]|first=Soliman|last=El-Naqar|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=30 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 28 January 2025, Ziko netted in a 2–1 loss against [[Smouha SC|Smouha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Smouha.1.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.yallakora.com/egyptian-league/2935/news/497644/ثنائية-أمادي-تنقذ-الموج-الأزرق-سموحة-يستعيد-نغمة-الانتصارات-في-الدوري-بفوز-مثير|title=ثنائية أمادي تنقذ الموج الأزرق.. سموحة يستعيد نغمة الانتصارات في الدوري بفوز مثير|trans-title=Amadi’s brace saves the &quot;Blue Wave&quot;... Smouha returns to winning ways in the league with a thrilling victory|work=Yallakora|first=Mohamed|last=Galal|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=28 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 12 February, Ziko scored &quot;arguably the league's best goal of the season – a spectacular bicycle kick – in the 69th minute&quot; of a 1–1 draw against [[Ceramica Cleopatra FC|Cleopatra FC]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cleo.&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/499842|title=بهدف خرافي من زيكو.. تعادل معتاد بين سيراميكا كليوباترا وزد في الدوري|trans-title=Video: A spectacular goal by Zico... A familiar draw between Ceramica Cleopatra and ZED in the League|work=[[FilGoal]]|first=Mohamed|last=Samir|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=12 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko had a second goal in the 95th minute ruled out for offside.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleo.&quot; /&gt; On 27 February, Ziko scored in a 1–1 draw to Zamalek.&lt;ref name=&quot;zam.&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/videos/48188|title=ملخص تعادل الزمالك أمام زد 1-1 (الدوري المصري)|trans-title=Highlights: Zamalek 1-1 ZED (Egyptian League)|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=27 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 11 May 2025, Ziko scored and assisted in a 2–2 draw to [[Modern Sport FC|Modern Sport]].&lt;ref name=&quot;mos.&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/505080|title=انتهت الدوري - الجونة (0)-(1) الجيش.. وزد (2)-(2) مودرن|trans-title=League matches concluded: El Gouna 0–1 El Gaish, and ZED 2–2 Modern|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=11 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mos.matchreport&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.yallakora.com/egyptian-league/2935/match/102328/زد-مودرن-سبورت-الدوري-المصري|title=ZED 2–2 Modern Sport|work=Yallakora|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=11 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored in his next match, netting in a 1–1 draw to [[ENPPI SC|ENPPI]] on 25 May.&lt;ref name=&quot;enp.youm&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2025/5/25/زد-يتقدم-على-إنبى-بهدف-زيكو-فى-الشوط-الأول-بدورى/6999865|title=زد يتقدم على إنبى بهدف زيكو فى الشوط الأول بدورى نايل|trans-title=ZED takes the lead against Enppi with a goal from Zico in the first half of the Nile League match|work=[[Youm7]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=25 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko again finished as the club's [[2024–25 ZED FC season#Top goalscorer|top scorer]] in the 2024–25 season, scoring 6 times.&lt;ref name=&quot;n&quot; /&gt; At the end of the season, ZED reportedly received offers for Ziko from three Egyptian clubs, including Zamalek and Pyramids, and a Gulf-based side.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/zed-fc-confirm-offers-mostafa-ziko/|title=ZED FC confirm multiple offers for star winger Mostafa Ziko|work=Pan Africa Football|date=4 August 2025|access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OFFERSa&quot; /&gt; Although reports from 3 August said that Pyramids and ZED had agreed a transfer for Ziko,&lt;ref name=&quot;ssFG&quot; /&gt; on 4 August ZED released an official statement, saying: &quot;The club's management is currently evaluating all available options, and an appropriate decision will be made in the coming hours.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;OFFERSa&quot; /&gt; Ziko transferred to Pyramids on 7 August.&lt;ref name=&quot;p.&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/6/550892/Sports/Pyramids-FC-land-ZED-FC-forward-Mostafa-Ziko.aspx|title=Pyramids FC land ZED FC forward Mostafa Ziko|work=[[Al-Ahram|Ahram Online]]|date=7 August 2025|access-date=1 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pyramids ===

==== 2025–2026: First season and three titles ====
On 7 August 2025, Ziko signed for [[Pyramids FC]] on a contract lasting until June 2029, joining a side that had won their first-ever [[CAF Champions League]] title [[2024–25 CAF Champions League|earlier that year]].&lt;ref name=&quot;p.&quot; /&gt; He therefore became Pyramids' second signing of the summer, following [[Ewerton (footballer, born 1996)|Ewerton]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ssFG&quot; /&gt; The deal was reportedly worth 35 million [[Egyptian pound|Egyptian pounds]] and included the loan of [[Mahmoud Saber]] and the sale of [[Youssef Osama]] to [[ZED FC|ZED]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ta&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/510746/كما-انفرد-في-الجول-لا-يمكن-مراقبته-حتى-بالكاميرات-بيراميدز-يضم-زيكو|title=كما انفرد في الجول - &quot;لا يمكن مراقبته حتى بالكاميرات&quot;.. بيراميدز يضم زيكو|trans-title=As exclusively reported by FilGoal - &quot;He can't even be monitored by cameras&quot;... Pyramids signs Zico|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Amr|last=Nabil|access-date=24 July 2026|date=7 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko scored his first goal in the [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup]], and first Pyramids goal, on 14 September in a [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#First round|3–0 victory]] over [[Auckland City FC|Auckland City]], with &quot;a composed finish in the 85th minute&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;intercontinental1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.oceaniafootball.com/pyramids-too-strong-for-auckland-city-in-fifa-intercontinental-cup-2025-play-off/|title=Pyramids Too Strong for Auckland City in FIFA Intercontinental Cup 2025 Play-Off|work=[[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko scored his first Pyramids league goal on 18 September, heading in the winner in a 1–0 victory over his former club ZED.&lt;ref name=&quot;pan.zed&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/pyramids-fc-edge-zed-with-zikos-decisive-header-in-nile-egyptian-league|title=Pyramids Too Strong for Auckland City in FIFA Intercontinental Cup 2025 Play-Off|work=Pan Africa Football|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 September, Ziko was an unused substitute as Pyramids won the [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#African–Asian–Pacific Cup|African–Asian–Pacific Cup]] 1–3 against [[Al-Ahli Saudi FC|Al-Ahli]],&lt;ref name=&quot;intercontinental2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2025/09/23/pyramids-cruise-past-al-ahli-in-fifa-intercontinental-cup/#google_vignette|first=Saher|last=Ahmed|title=Pyramids cruise past Al Ahli in FIFA Intercontinental Cup|work=[[KingFut]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;intercontinental3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/egypts-pyramids-beat-al-ahli-secure-african-asian-pacific-cup-title-2025-09-23/|title=Egypt’s Pyramids beat Al-Ahli to secure African-Asian-Pacific Cup title|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; the club's first international title.&lt;ref name=&quot;intercontinental2&quot; /&gt; On 5 October, Ziko opened the scoring in a 3–0 win &quot;with a well-taken finish from inside the box&quot; against [[APR F.C.|APR FC]] in the [[2025–26 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds#FR03.2|first round]] of the [[2025–26 CAF Champions League]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/pyramids-ease-past-apr-to-reach-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-second-round/|title=Pyramids ease past APR to reach TotalEnergies CAF Champions League second round|work=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aprA&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/514747/زيكو-الفوز-على-الجيش-الرواندي-لا-يعكس-صعوبة-المباراة|title=زيكو: الفوز على الجيش الرواندي لا يعكس صعوبة المباراة|trans-title=Ziko: Victory Over APR FC Doesn't Reflect the Match's Difficulty|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026|date=5 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his post-match interview, Ziko said: &quot;The scoreline might make it look like an easy match, but on the contrary, APR FC has good players, and the game was difficult.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;aprA&quot; /&gt; He added: &quot;This match was special for me as it was my first appearance [in the CAF Champions League], and I also scored my first goal in the tournament.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;aprA&quot; /&gt; On 18 October, Ziko was an unused substitute as Pyramids won the [[2025 CAF Super Cup]] 1–0 against [[RS Berkane]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf.bein&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/caf-super-cup/articles/pyramids-fc-make-history-with-maiden-caf-super-cup-triumph-2025-10-18|title=Pyramids FC Make History With Maiden CAF Super Cup Triumph|work=[[beIN Sports]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;caf.reut&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/pyramids-score-late-win-african-super-cup-2025-10-18/|title=Pyramids score late to win African Super Cup|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;caf.kf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2025/10/18/pyramids-fc-clinch-caf-super-cup-crown/|title=Pyramids FC clinch CAF Super Cup crown|first=Saher|last=Ahmed|work=[[KingFut]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;caf.365&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.365scores.com/football/match/caf-super-cup-5581/pyramids-rsb-berkane-9974-22143-5581|title=Pyramids 1–0 RS Berkane|work=365 scores|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 October, Ziko scored in Pyramids' [[2025–26 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds#SR02.2|2–0]] CAF Champions League win over [[Ethiopian Insurance FC|Ethiopian Insurance]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/title-holders-pyramids-cruise-into-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-group-stage/|title=Title holders Pyramids cruise into TotalEnergies CAF Champions League group stage|work=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko scored in Pyramids' 2–1 loss to [[Ceramica Cleopatra FC|Cleopatra FC]] in the [[2025 Egyptian Super Cup#Third place match|third-place play-off]] of the [[2025 Egyptian Super Cup]] on 9 November.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.super.al.a&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/51/556542/Sports/Egyptian-Football/Belhadj-penalties-give-Ceramica--win-over-Pyramids.aspx|title=Belhadj penalties give Ceramica 2-1 win over Pyramids in Super Cup third-place match|work=[[Al-Ahram|Ahram Online]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko scored his first brace in a 2–2 draw against [[Petrojet SC|Petrojet]] on 6 December.&lt;ref name=&quot;petrojet.p.a.f&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/nile-league-pyramids-fc-drop-points-at-petrojet|title=Nile League: Pyramids FC drop points at Petrojet|first=Andrew|last=Olsson|work=Pan Africa Football|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 11 December, before the upcoming [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#Challenger Cup|Challenger Cup]] match against [[CR Flamengo|Flamengo]], Ziko said that it was &quot;a great honour&quot; to face the side where his namesake [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]] played.&lt;ref name=&quot;FMFLa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/518993/زيكو-والدي-حكى-لي-عن-أسطورة-فلامنجو-وسعيد-بمواجهة-الفريق-الذي-مثله-كلاعب|title=زيكو: والدي حكى لي عن أسطورة فلامنجو.. وسعيد بمواجهة الفريق الذي مثله كلاعب|trans-title=Ziko: My father told me about the Flamengo legend... and I am happy to face the team he represented as a player|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Hamed|last=Wagdy|access-date=24 July 2026|date=11 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 13 December, Ziko played 74 minutes of the match; Pyramids lost 2–0.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.interc.al.a&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/558576.aspx|title=Pyramids FC lose 2-0 to Flamengo in FIFA Intercontinental Cup|work=[[Al-Ahram|Ahram Online]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 22 December, Ziko scored in a 2–0 win over [[FC Masar|Masar]] in the round of 32 in the 2025–26 [[Egypt Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2025/12/22/بيراميدز-يهزم-مسار-بثنائية-زيكو-وعبد-الرحمن-مجدى-ويتأهل-لدور/7243254|title=بيراميدز يهزم مسار بثنائية زيكو وعبد الرحمن مجدى ويتأهل لدور الـ 16 بكأس مصر|trans-title=Pyramids defeats Masar with a brace from Zico and Abdel Rahman Magdy, advancing to the Egypt Cup Round of 16|work=[[Youm7]]|lang=ar|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 20 January 2026, Ziko scored in a 3–0 win over [[El Gouna FC|Gouna]] in the round of 16 in the Egypt Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.maspero.eg/sport/2026/01/20/922133/بيراميدز-إلى-ربع-نهائي-كأس-مصر-بثلاثية-في-الجونة|title=بيراميدز إلى ربع نهائي كأس مصر بثلاثية في الجونة|trans-title=Pyramids reach Egypt Cup quarter-finals with 3-0 win over El Gouna|work=Maspero|lang=ar|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored in his second consecutive league match in a 1–1 draw to Gouna on 28 January.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2026/1/28/بيراميدز-يتعادل-أمام-الجونة-بهدف-لمثله-ويفقد-نقطتين-فى-سباق/7285408|title=بيراميدز يتعادل أمام الجونة بهدف لمثله ويفقد نقطتين فى سباق الصدارة على الدورى|trans-title=Pyramids draws 1-1 with El Gouna, dropping two points in the race for the league lead|work=[[Youm7]]|first=Haitham|last=Owais|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/522223/التعادل-الثاني-الجونة-يفرض-التعادل-على-بيراميدز|title=التعادل الثاني.. الجونة يفرض التعادل على بيراميدز|trans-title=Second draw... El Gouna holds Pyramids to a draw|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 14 February, Ziko scored his final CAF Champions League goal of the season in a [[2025–26 CAF Champions League group stage#Pyramids v Power Dynamos|3–1 win]] over [[Power Dynamos F.C.|Power Dynamos]], helping Pyramids progress from [[2025–26 CAF Champions League#Group A|Group A]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/defending-champions-pyramids-fc-joined-by-berkane-in-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-quarter-finals/|title=Defending champions Pyramids FC joined by Berkane in TotalEnergies CAF Champions League quarter-finals|work=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 1 March, Pyramids exited the CAF Champions League after a 1–2 loss to [[AS FAR]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/far-rabat-knock-out-title-holders-pyramids-to-reach-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-semi-finals/|title=FAR Rabat knock out title holders Pyramids to reach TotalEnergies CAF Champions League semi-finals|work=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 3 April, Ziko scored and assisted in a 4–0 rout of [[ENPPI SC|ENPPI]] in the semi-final of the Egypt Cup.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.yahoo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/pyramids-thrash-pyramids-reach-egyptian-163344699.html|title=Pyramids thrash ENPPI to reach the Egyptian Cup final|work=[[Goal.com]]|via=[[Yahoo Sports]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.goal&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/pyramids-thrash-enppi-to-reach-the-egyptian-cup-final/blt9f5249ea26520dc2|title=Pyramids thrash ENPPI to reach the Egyptian Cup final|first=Abdelmawgood|last=Samir|work=[[Goal.com]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.p.a.f&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/pyramids-cruise-past-enppi-4-0-to-reach-egypt-cup-final|title=Pyramids cruise past ENPPI 4-0 to reach Egypt Cup final|first=Hossam|last=Ahmed|work=Pan Africa Football|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hence, Pyramids progressed to the final against ZED, a repeat of the [[2024 Egypt Cup final|2024 final]] in which Ziko was on the losing side.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.yahoo&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.goal&quot; /&gt; On 1 May, Ziko scored a second brace in a 3–2 win against ENPPI; Amr Osama of ''Yallakora'' wrote that &quot;Mostafa Ziko has emerged as Pyramids' 'savior' for the fourth time this league season&quot;, citing his previous contributions against ZED, Petrojet and Gouna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.yallakora.com/egyptian-league/2977/news/549351/المرة-الرابعة-مصطفى-زيكو-ي-نقذ-بيراميدز-في-الدوري-ويمنحه-ثلاث-نقاط-أمام-إنبي|title=المرة الرابعة.. مصطفى زيكو &quot;يُنقذ&quot; بيراميدز في الدوري ويمنحه ثلاث نقاط أمام إنبي|trans-title=For the fourth time... Mostafa Ziko 'rescues' Pyramids in the league, securing three points against ENPPI|work=Yallakora|lang=ar|first=Amr|last=Osama|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 10 May, Pyramids beat ZED 2–1 in the Egypt Cup final; Ziko received a late [[Penalty card#Red card|red card]] in the 81st minute after a challenge on Pyramids loanee [[Tarek Alaa (footballer, born 2002)|Tarek Alaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.kf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2026/05/11/pyramids-fc-claim-egypt-cup-with-win-over-zed/|title=Pyramids FC Claim Egypt Cup With Win Over ZED|work=[[KingFut]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.p.a.f2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/pyramids-egypt-cup-champions-zed|title=Pyramids crowned Egypt Cup champions again after defeating ZED to keep domestic double dream alive|first=Hossam|last=Ahmed|work=Pan Africa Football|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Speaking to [[ON Sport FM|ON Sport]] in his post-match interview, Ziko said: &quot;This season has been exceptional for me, as I have won three trophies, and God willing, we will win even more.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/528898|title=زيكو: سنلعب على بطولة الدوري حتى الدقيقة الأخيرة|trans-title=Zico: We will fight for the league title until the very last minute|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026|date=10 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Referring to Pyramids' league title prospects, he added: &quot;As long as the league hasn't been mathematically decided, it remains up for grabs. If [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]] loses their next match and we win, we will be crowned champions. We will play until the final minute; God willing, we will win the league title.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECa&quot; /&gt; However, whilst Pyramids won their final league match against [[Smouha SC|Smouha]] 2–1 on 20 May,&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.league.kf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2026/05/20/zamalek-seal-egyptian-premier-league-title-on-final-day/|title=Zamalek Seal Egyptian Premier League Title on Final Day|work=[[KingFut]]|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; with Ziko suspended owing to his accumulation of yellow cards,&lt;ref name=&quot;ZIKO.SMOUHA.suspension&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://sport.elwatannews.com/ar/1/1/1306319/سيراميكا-كليوباترا-ينهي-موسم-جناح-بيراميدز-في-الدوري-المصري|title=سيراميكا كليوباترا ينهي موسم جناح بيراميدز في الدوري المصري|lang=ar|trans-title=Ceramica Cleopatra ends Pyramids winger's Egyptian League season|work=[[El Watan News]]|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zamalek also won theirs against Cleopatra 1–0 to clinch the title.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.league.kf&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.league.reur&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/zamalek-claim-15th-egyptian-league-title-2026-05-20/|title=Zamalek claim 15th Egyptian league title|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; After his successful season, Ziko was rewarded with his first international appearances and a place in Egypt's [[2026 FIFA World Cup]] [[2026 FIFA World Cup squads#Squad|squad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;26b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.efa.com.eg/ar/الأخبار/حسام-حسن-يعلن-القائمة-النهائية-لمنتخب-مصر-في-كأس-العالم/|title=حسام حسن يعلن القائمة النهائية لمنتخب مصر في كأس العالم|trans-title=Hossam Hassan announces the final squad for the Egyptian national team in the World Cup|publisher=[[Egyptian Football Association]]|date=29 May 2026|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amr Abdel Moneim of ''[[FilGoal]]'' wrote that &quot;[l]ess than a year ago, when Mostafa Abdel-Raouf 'Ziko' transferred from ZED FC to Pyramids FC, anyone asked about his prospects would have predicted – even the most optimistic Egyptian fans – that he would simply try to secure a starting spot in the squad of the 'Sky Blues' ... Yet, in less than a year, Ziko surprised everyone. ... It was a career turnaround beyond anyone's imagination.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt; He added: &quot;Ziko rose rapidly from obscurity, achieving in a short time what takes other players years to accomplish.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt;

== International career ==
Ziko was first called up to the [[Egypt national football team|Egypt national team]] in late 2022 under coach [[Rui Vitória]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; Commenting on his inclusion, his Haras el Hodoud manager [[Ahmed Ayoub]] said: &quot;When I first saw him, I knew he would become a shining star in the league and eventually be selected for the Egypt national team. He possesses all the attributes; he just needs to improve his finishing in front of goal.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; Ziko himself said: &quot;I am overjoyed to have joined the Egyptian national team; it is a feeling I cannot describe. I thank all the coaches and teammates who supported me; every coach I worked with told me I would reach great heights.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; However, he did not make an appearance.&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;almasry&quot; /&gt; In 2026, he received another call-up under coach [[Hossam Hassan]] for the final training camp before the World Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filgoal.com/players/136189|title=مصطفى زيكو - لاعب نادي بيراميدز|website=FilGoal|access-date=1 June 2026|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt; On 28 May, he made his debut for the national team against the [[Russia national football team|Russia national team]], and scored the only goal of the match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/52/569809/Sports/National-Teams/Egypt-warm-up-for--World-Cup-finals-with--win-over.aspx|title=Egypt warm up for 2026 World Cup finals with 1-0 win over Russia|first=Ahmed|last=Ghandour|publisher=Ahram Online|date=28 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; He then scored his second goal in a 2–1 friendly defeat to [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] on 6 June 2026, capitalising on a mistake by [[Marquinhos]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/ce8plnkzzg3t|title=Brazil 2-1 Egypt|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=6 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; This earned him praise from his namesake, [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt;
[[Fáìlì:Mostafa_Ziko.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Ziko with the Egypt national football team in 2026]]
Ziko was selected in the 26-man squad for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].&lt;ref name=&quot;26b&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/egypt-name-final-26-man-squad-for-2026-fifa-world-cup/|title=Egypt Name Final 26-Man Squad for 2026 FIFA World Cup|work=Africa Top Sports|date=May 2026|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/fifa-world-cup-2026-mohamed-salah-and-egypt-chase-first-ever-quarter-final-berth-all-players-full-squad-list-key-stats-and-schedule|title=Egypt at FIFA World Cup 2026: All players, full squad list, key stats and schedule|work=Olympics.com|date=31 May 2026|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 21 June, he netted his first World Cup goal and provided an assist in a 3–1 victory over [[New Zealand men's national football team|New Zealand]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/new-zealand-egypt-match-report-highlights|title=Egypt earn long-awaited first victory|publisher=FIFA|date=22 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=McKenna|first=Chris|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cjrg7wz1er7t|title=New Zealand 1–3 Egypt|publisher=BBC Sport|date=22 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hence, he became the first Egyptian to both score and provide an assist in the same World Cup match.&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt; After the game, he revealed that he had not expected to play at the World Cup, saying: &quot;I was getting ready to spend my summer holidays on the north coast when I was surprised by a call from Hossam Hassan to join the national team&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt; He also said: &quot;I dedicate this win and this goal to my mother and my brother Abdelraouf, who has been like a father to me since our own father died. I wish he were still alive to see what I've achieved.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;

On 7 July, he scored a goal against [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] in the [[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Argentina vs Egypt|round of 16]] which was disallowed following a [[Video Assistant Referee|VAR]] review; the referee ruled that [[Marwan Attia]] had fouled [[Lisandro Martínez]] in the buildup by stepping on his foot, disallowing the resulting goal. Critics noted the incident occurred several seconds before the goal and far from the scoring action,&lt;ref name=&quot;FOX&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/egypts-goal-vs-argentina-disallowed-after-var-check-not-why-var-brought-game|title=Egypt Goal vs. Argentina Controversially Disallowed After VAR Check|publisher=FOX Sports|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Baker|first=Luke|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/egypt-argentina-goal-disallowed-var-mostafa-ziko-world-cup-2026-b3010691.html|title=Why was Egypt’s second goal against Argentina disallowed by VAR in World Cup last 16?|publisher=The Independent|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; though the decision was technically grounded in the IFAB rules governing the VAR protocol.&lt;ref name=&quot;IFAB_APP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/video-assistant-referee-var-protocol/|title=Video Assistant Referee (VAR) Protocol|publisher=[[International Football Association Board]]|access-date=8 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; The decision, and accompanying decisions in favour of Argentina, caused significant controversy.&lt;ref name=&quot;itv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFa_CUlvHvo|title=NO GOAL! VAR robs us of one of the GREATEST World Cup Goals|work=[[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]|via=[[YouTube]]|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;givemesport&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.givemesport.com/var-expert-egypt-penalty-argentina-world-cup-football-soccer/|title=VAR Expert Casts Strong Verdict on Egypt’s Penalty Shout in World Cup Loss vs Argentina|last=Mumford|first=Robin|publisher=GiveMeSport|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko then scored a second goal which was not disallowed, helping his team take a 2–0 lead, however they eventually lost 3–2.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Howarth|first=Matthew|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cdr4m2122lgt|title=Argentina 3–2 Egypt|publisher=BBC Sport|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his post-match interview, Ziko said that &quot;We were hard done by [the referee] today, and everyone saw that, After the 2–0 result, everything went against us and worked against us. I don't even know why the second goal was disallowed, I don't see any reason for it. He wanted to disallow the third one too, but thank God, God didn't grant him success.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/49298958/egypt-boss-bemoans-injustice-loss-argentina-world-cup|title=Egypt boss bemoans 'injustice' after loss to Argentina at World Cup|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also called the World Cup &quot;rigged&quot; in favour of Argentina and labelled the referee [[François Letexier]] &quot;unfair&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;zikoathlon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mostafa Ziko Calls the World Cup ‘Rigged’ After Egypt’s Loss to Argentina|url=https://athlonsports.com/soccer/mostafa-ziko-calls-world-cup-rigged-after-egypts-loss-to-argentina|work=[[Parade Media#Athlon Sports|Athlon Sports]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Player profile ==
In 2022, Ziko's former coach at [[Gomhoriat Shebin SC|Gomhoriat Shebin]], [[Samir Kamouna]], told ''[[FilGoal]]'': &quot;Ziko's playing style resembles that of [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]]'s [[Mostafa Shalaby]]; he excels at playing on the wing and making attacking runs into the box.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; His former [[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]] coach  Mohamed Makki said: &quot;He is a player with exceptional technical abilities; he excels in open play – utilising large spaces – and possesses great dribbling skills. He can beat defenders in one-on-one situations and is diligent in his defensive duties, thanks to his versatility across multiple positions.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; However, his former coaches suggested that he needed to improve his finishing.&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt;

Ziko has been recognised as a versatile player; in 2022 his former coach at Haras El Hodoud, [[Mohamed Halim]], said: &quot;Ziko is capable of playing as a number 8, a number 10, or on the wings; in terms of playing style, he is somewhat similar to [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]'s [[Taher Mohamed|Taher Mohamed Taher]].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt;

== Career statistics ==

=== Club ===
{{updated|matches played 20 May 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;MZt.S&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/player/zico-mustafa-abdel-raouf/vwddP63o/|title=Mostafa Ziko|website=Soccerway}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|Statistics are incomplete}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Egypt Cup]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|[[Gomhoriat Shebin SC|Gomhoriat Shebin]]
|[[2015–16 Egyptian Second Division|2015–16]]
|[[Egyptian Second Division]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]]
|[[2020-21 Egyptian Premier League|2020–21]]
|Egyptian Premier League
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|-
|[[2021–22 Egyptian Second Division|2021–22]]
|Egyptian Second Division
|3
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4
|3
|-
|[[2022-23 Egyptian Premier League|2022–23]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|32
|6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|32
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!35
!9
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |–
!37
!10
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[ZED FC|ZED]]
|[[2023–24 ZED FC season|2023–24]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|33
|12
|7
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|40
|13
|-
|[[2024–25 ZED FC season|2024–25]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|23
|6
|5
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|28
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!56
!18
!12
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |–
!68
!19
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]
|[[2025–26 Pyramids FC season|2025–26]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|22
|6
|5
|3
|10{{efn|Appearances in [[CAF Champions League]]|name=CCL}}
|3
|4{{efn|2 appearances in [[Egyptian Super Cup]], 2 appearances in [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup]]}}
|2
|41
|14
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!113
!33
!20
!4
!10
!3
!4
!2
!147
!43
|}
{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{updated|match played 7 July 2026}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by national team and year
!National team
!Year
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]
|2026
|7
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!7
!4
|}

: ''Scores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ziko goal.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+List of international goals scored by Mostafa Ziko
!No.
!Date
!Venue
!Cap
!Opponent
!Score
!Result
!Competition
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|28 May 2026
|[[Cairo International Stadium]], [[Cairo]], Egypt
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|{{fb|RUS}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|6 June 2026
|[[Huntington Bank Field]], [[Cleveland]], United States
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|{{fb|BRA}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–2
|Friendly
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|21 June 2026
|[[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]], Canada
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|{{fb|NZL}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
|[[2026 FIFA World Cup Group G|2026 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|7 July 2026
|[[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]], United States
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7
|{{fb|ARG}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–3
|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|2026 FIFA World Cup]]
|}

== Honours ==

=== ZED ===

* [[Egypt Cup]] runner-up: [[2024 Egypt Cup final|2023–24]]

=== Pyramids ===

* [[Egypt Cup]]: 2025–26
* [[CAF Super Cup]]: [[2025 CAF Super Cup|2025]]
* [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup#Secondary trophy winners|FIFA African–Asian–Pacific Cup]]: [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#African–Asian–Pacific Cup|2025]]
* [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup#Secondary trophy winners|FIFA Challenger Cup]] runner-up: [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#Challenger Cup|2025]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Soccerway|new_id=zico-mustafa-abdel-raouf/vwddP63o}}

{{Pyramids FC squad}} {{Egypt squad 2026 FIFA World Cup}}</text>
      <sha1>djkhzy429e2d9iba4a8vs2pk8b6vg0l</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>636942</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Khodijah 157</username>
        <id>33008</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mó fi ìtumọ̀ sí ise apá agbaboolu ile Egypt</comment>
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      <text bytes="66445" sha1="3aoeb8hzqp0h9denx1ennymq3qzc5l2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;{short description|Egyptian footballer (born 1997)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}{{Infobox football biography|name=Mostafa Ziko|image=Mostafa Ziko Argentina v Egypt 7 July 2026-100.jpg|caption=Ziko with [[Egypt national football team|Egypt]] in 2026|full_name=Mostafa Mohamed Zaky Abdelraouf&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce281/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup 2026™ – Squad List: Egypt (EGY) |publisher=FIFA |page=17 |date=19 July 2026 |access-date=21 July 2026 |archive-date=21 July 2026 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260721042044/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce281/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_date={{birth date and age|1997|4|27|df=y}}&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|birth_place=[[Shibin El Kom]], Egypt&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=إبراهيم |first=هند |date=2026-05-29 |title=بعد تألقه مع منتخب مصر.. والدة مصطفى زيكو تروى كواليس رحلة الكفاح من شبين الكوم إلى حلم المشاركة فى كأس العالم |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/4280932 |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=المصري اليوم |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;|height=1.79 m&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;/&gt;|position=[[Left winger]]/[[Midfielder#Winger|right winger]]/[[Midfielder#Advanced playmaker|attacking midfielder]]/[[Forward (association football)#Centre-forward|centre-forward]]&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot;/&gt;|currentclub=[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]|clubnumber=30|years1=2016–2019|clubs1=[[Gomhoriat Shebin SC|Gomhoriat Shebin]]|caps1={{tooltip|?|Senior league appearance records unavailable}}|goals1={{tooltip|?|Senior league goal records unavailable}}|years2=2019–2023|clubs2=[[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]]|caps2={{tooltip|?|Senior league appearance records unavailable}}|goals2={{tooltip|?|Senior league goal records unavailable}}|years3=2023–2025|clubs3=[[ZED FC|ZED]]|caps3=56|goals3=18|years4=2025–|clubs4=[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]|caps4=22|goals4=6|nationalyears1=2026–|nationalteam1=[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]|nationalcaps1=7|nationalgoals1=4|club-update=17:36, 1 June 2026 (UTC)|nationalteam-update=7 July 2026}}'''Mostafa Mohamed Zaky Abdelraouf''' ({{langx|ar|مصطفى محمد زكي عبد الرؤوف}}; Wọn bi i ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1997; orúkọ tí a mọ̀ ọ́ sí ni Mostafa Zico (tàbí Mostafa Ziko), tàbí kí a kàn pè é ní Zico (tàbí Ziko) (زيكو). Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọjọ́gbọ́n láti ilẹ̀ Egypt, ó sì máa ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní ipò agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì (left winger) fún ẹgbẹ́ Pyramids tó wà ní Lígì Premier ti Egypt àti fún ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Egypt. Ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní ipò agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá ọ̀tún, agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín pápá tó ń gbógun ti àtakò (attacking midfielder), àti agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú (centre-forward) pẹ̀lú..&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/446478/رحلة-صعود-وعيب-وحيد-من-هو-زيكو-أحدث-اختيارات-فيتوريا-لـ-منتخب-مصر|title=رحلة صعود وعيب وحيد.. من هو &quot;زيكو&quot; أحدث اختيارات فيتوريا لـ منتخب مصر|trans-title=A Rise to Prominence and One Single Flaw: Who Is &quot;Ziko&quot;, Vitória’s Latest Pick for the Egypt National Team?|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first1=Mahmoud|last1=Hamdy|first2=Reda|last2=El-Sonbaty|access-date=3 November 2022|date=7 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Orúkọ àpèlé rẹ̀, 'Ziko', tọ́ka sí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ilẹ̀ Brazil tí a mọ̀ sí Zico.,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=June 6, 2026|title=Entenda relação de Ziko, do Egito, carrasco da Seleção Brasileira, com Zico|url=https://www.lance.com.br/copa-do-mundo/entenda-relacao-de-ziko-do-egito-carrasco-da-selecao-brasileira-com-zico.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610080144/lance.com.br/copa-do-mundo/entenda-relacao-de-ziko-do-egito-carrasco-da-selecao-brasileira-com-zico.html|archive-date=June 10, 2026|access-date=June 23, 2026|website=[[Lance!]]|language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nítorí pé bàbá rẹ̀ nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí eléré-ìdárayá náà.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2026-06-06|title=Brasil enfrenta Ziko, jogador do Egito que se inspira em Zico|url=https://www.band.com.br/esportes/futebol/copa-do-mundo/noticias/brasil-vai-enfrentar-ziko-jogador-do-egito-com-apelido-inspirado-em-zico-202606061819|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607223746/https://www.band.com.br/esportes/futebol/copa-do-mundo/noticias/brasil-vai-enfrentar-ziko-jogador-do-egito-com-apelido-inspirado-em-zico-202606061819|archive-date=June 7, 2026|access-date=June 23, 2026|website=[[Rede Bandeirantes]]|language=pt-BR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ziko bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọọlu rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Gomhoriat Shebin, kí ó tó dara pọ̀ mọ́ Haras El Hodoud ní ọdún 2019; níbẹ̀ ni ó ti ní ìdàgbàsókè gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọọlu apá (winger) nínú Lígì Premier ti ilẹ̀ Egypt. Ní ọdún 2023, ó dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ ZED, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọọlu tí ó gba àmì-ayò (goal) púpọ̀ jùlọ fún ẹgbẹ́ náà ní àwọn àsìkò méjèèjì tí ó lò níbẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Zamalek ti fi ìfẹ́ hàn sí i, Ziko dara pọ̀ mọ́ Pyramids, níbi tí ó ti gba ife-ẹ̀yẹ Egypt Cup, CAF Super Cup, àti FIFA African–Asian–Pacific Cup ní àsìkò àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú wọn..

Botilẹjẹpe ko tii gba bọọlu fun awọn ẹgbẹ ọdọ orilẹ-ede rẹ tẹlẹ, Ziko bẹrẹ ere fun ẹgbẹ agba orilẹ-ede Egypt ni ọdun 2026 nigba ti o wa ni ọmọ ọdun mọkandinlọgbọn. Bi o tilẹ jẹ pe ko nireti pe wọn yoo pe e, wọn wa fi orukọ rẹ kun ẹgbẹ ti yoo kopa ninu idije Ife Agbaye FIFA ti ọdun 2026; nibẹ ni o ti di pataki ninu igbiyanju ẹgbẹ Egypt lati de ipele ti awọn ẹgbẹ mẹrindilogun (Round of 16), pẹlu gbigba ami ayo meji wọle..&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.flashscore.co.uk/news/egyptian-star-zico-has-already-made-a-name-for-himself-at-the-world-cup/0UchfFM9/|title=Egyptian star Ziko has already made a name for himself at the World Cup|publisher=FlashScore|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;arabnewsfuture&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.pk/node/2650616/sport|title=Egyptian football looks toward bright future after World Cup heroics|website=[[Arab News]]|date=12 July 2026|access-date=13 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==
Lẹ́yìn tí bàbá rẹ̀ kú nígbà tí ó wà ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá, Ziko ní láti máa ṣiṣẹ́ ní ilé-ìtajà aṣọ ti ìdílé wọn ní Shibin El Kom, ní Monufia..&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt; Ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀ ọkùnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n máa ń pe ní 'Ziko' tẹ́lẹ̀, fi eré bọ́ọ̀lù sílẹ̀ láti lè fi ààyè pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ rẹ̀.r.&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;

== Club career ==

=== Early career ===
Ziko bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ ní Gomhoriat Shebin. Ní ọdún 2022, olùkọ́ni rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ níbẹ̀, Samir Kamouna, sọ fún FilGoal pé: &quot;Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó tayọ gan-an; nígbà tí mo wà ní ipò olùkọ́ni ní Gomhoreyat Shebin, ó ṣe dáadáa gan-an, ó sì fa àfiyèsí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù... Ziko gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpèsè ní àkókò mi – pàápàá jùlọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ENPPI àti Ismaily tí wọ́n nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí i jùlọ – ṣùgbọ́n àìléègbà lórí ọ̀rọ̀ owó ló dí ìlọsí rẹ̀ lọ sí èyíkéyìí nínú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí lọ́wọ́, nítorí náà ó dúró pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ náà.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt;

Lẹ́yìn náà, Ziko darapọ̀ mọ́ Haras El Hodoud ní ọdún 2019; àdéhùn náà sì ní ìlànà kan tó sọ pé wọn yóò gba ìpín mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (25%) tí wọ́n bá tún ta ẹrjọ̀sì náà ní ọjọ́ iwájú..&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/530478|title=رجل مباريات الدوري المصري.. كيف تغيرت مسيرة زيكو في 304 أيام|trans-title=Egyptian League Man of the Match... How Ziko's career transformed in 304 days|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Amr|last=Abdel Moneim|access-date=24 July 2026|date=7 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó kópa nínú àsìkò ìdíje àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Lígì Àkọ́kọ́ ti ilẹ̀ Éjíbítì ní àsìkò ìdíje ọdún Ní àsìkò eré 2022–23, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní gba àmì-ayò wọlé fún àsìkò náà nínú eré tí wọ́n fi 2–1 ṣẹ́gun wọn ní ọwọ́ Cleopatra FC ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2022..&lt;ref name=&quot;fr.h&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.footmercato.net/live/1398696346558923518-ceramica-cleopatra-vs-haras-el-hodood|title=Ceramica Cleo 2–1 Haras|lang=fr|work=Foot Mercato|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù Kínní, ọdún 2023, ó gba góòlù kan láti inú ìyọ̀ǹda ìjìyà (penalty) nínú eré tí ó parí sí ìdọ́gba 2–2 pẹ̀lú Al Mokawloon..&lt;ref name=&quot;fr.hm&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.foot-direct.com/live/7826189615043839133-al-mokawloon-vs-haras-el-hodood|title=Mokawloon 3–2 Haras|lang=fr|work=Foot Direct|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù Kínní, nínú eré rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e, Ziko gba àmì-ayò méjì wọlé lòdì sí ẹgbẹ́ Ismaily; eré náà parí pẹ̀lú àbájáde 2–0.[1] Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù Kejì, ó gba àmì-ayò kan wọlé, ó sì tún ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àmì-ayò mìíràn nínú ìṣẹ́gun 1–2 lórí ẹgbẹ́ Ghazl El Mahalla..&lt;ref name=&quot;sr.hm&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/2/5/زيكو-رجل-مباراة-غزل-المحلة-وحرس-الحدود/6073779|title=&quot;زيكو&quot; رجل مباراة غزل المحلة وحرس الحدود|lang=ar|trans-title=&quot;Zick&quot; named Man of the Match in the Ghazl El-Mahalla vs. Haras El-Hodoud game|work=[[Youm7]]|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù Kẹta, Ziko gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó dára jùlọ nínú eré náà fún ipa tó kó nínú ìdíje tí kò sí ẹni tí ó gba àmì-ayò wọlé (tí ó parí sí 0-0) pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Cleopatra FC..&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFc&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/458178/الرابعة-من-أصل-9-مصطفى-زيكو-رجل-مباراة-الحدود-وسيراميكا|title=الرابعة من أصل 9.. مصطفى زيكو رجل مباراة الحدود وسيراميكا|trans-title=Fourth out of 9... Mostafa Zico named Man of the Match in Haras El Hodoud vs. Ceramica clash|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=5 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn tí ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà ti pinnu iye owó tí wọ́n yóò fi tú u sílẹ̀ (release clause) sí mílíọ̀nù 40 pọ́ọ̀ndì ilẹ̀ Egypt, Ziko sọ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2023 pé: &quot;Ẹnu yà mí sí bí ẹgbẹ́ Haras El Hodoud ṣe béèrè fún mílíọ̀nù 40 pọ́ọ̀ndì láti jẹ́ kí n kúrò; mo gbàgbọ́ pé kò sí agbábọ́ọ̀lù kankan ní ilẹ̀ Egypt tó tó iye owó yẹn.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;40m&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/459265/زيكو-تفاجأت-بطلب-الحدود-40-مليون-لبيعي-لا-يوجد-لاعب-في-مصر-يستحق-هذا-المبلغ|title=زيكو: تفاجأت بطلب الحدود 40 مليون لبيعي.. لا يوجد لاعب في مصر يستحق هذا المبلغ|trans-title=Ziko: I was surprised by Haras El Hodoud asking 40 million for my transfer... No player in Egypt is worth that amount|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=22 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OFFERSa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/510551/زد-يعلن-تلقيه-4-عروض-لرحيل-زيكو|title=زد يعلن تلقيه 4 عروض لرحيل زيكو|trans-title=ZED announces receiving four offers for Ziko's departure|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026|date=4 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ssFG&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/510482/خبر-في-الجول-صابر-ونبيه-ضمن-الصفقة-بيراميدز-يتوصل-لاتفاق-مع-زد-لضم-زيكو|title=خبر في الجول - صابر ونبيه ضمن الصفقة.. بيراميدز يتوصل لاتفاق مع زد لضم زيكو|trans-title=FilGoal Exclusive: Saber and Nabih Included in the Deal – Pyramids Reach Agreement with ZED to Sign Zico|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Amr|last=Nabil|access-date=24 July 2026|date=3 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó tún sọ pé: &quot;Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ báyìí, a ti dájú láti gbé ẹgbẹ́ náà jáde kúrò nínú ipò tí kò dára tí ó wà, nítorí pé Haras El Hodoud jẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ tó ní ìtàn gbígba àwọn oyè, ipò tí ó sì wà báyìí kò yẹ ẹ́ rárá.&quot;t.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;40m&quot; /&gt; ] Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Karùn-ún, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ìjìyà (penalty) wọlé, ó sì tún ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún góòlù kan nínú eré tí wọ́n fi 1–3 ṣẹ́gun wọn ní ọwọ́ Tala'ea El Gaish..&lt;ref name=&quot;fr.hm1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/match/2023-05-04/haras-el-hodood-sc-vs-talaea-el-gaish-sc/2987689|title=d Haras El Hodoud SC 2–3 Tala'ea El Gaish SC|lang=en|work=GSA|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lapapọ, ni gbogbo akoko, Zico gba ami-ẹri ọkunrin ti ere ni awọn akoko 7 - diẹ sii ju eyikeyi oṣere miiran lọ ni 2022–23 Premier League Egypt.&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt; Ní ti àkókò tí wọ́n máa ń ta tàbí ra agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn tó tẹ̀lé e, arákùnrin Ziko, ìyẹn Mohamed Abdel-Raouf, sọ nígbà tó yá pé: &quot;Arákùnrin mi gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpèsè kí wọ́n tó gbé ẹgbẹ́ Haras El Hodoud lọ sí Premier League, ṣùgbọ́n ẹgbẹ́ náà tẹnumọ́ pé àwọn fẹ́ dá a dúró, wọn kò sì gbà kí ó lọ.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; Ní ọdún 2025, Amr Abdel Moneim ti FilGoal kọ̀wé pé ní Haras, &quot;Ziko fi agbára rẹ̀ hàn fún gbogbo lìgì bọọlu ti ilẹ̀ Egypt; bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé ó ń gbá bọọlu fún ẹgbẹ́ kan tí ó máa ń tiraka nígbà gbogbo láti yẹra fún sísọ̀kalẹ̀ lọ sí ìpele tí ó kéré sí èyí tí wọ́n wà, ó tayọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn agbábọọlu tí ó dára jùlọ nínú lìgì náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìṣirò ṣe fi hàn.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt;

=== ZED ===

==== 2023–24: ZED top scorer and Egypt Cup final ====
Ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2023, Ziko dara pọ̀ mọ́ ZED FC láti ọ̀dọ̀ Haras El Hodoud pẹ̀lú àdéhùn àkókò eré márùn-ún.,&lt;ref name=&quot;n&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://egyptianproleague.com/league/scorrer|title=دوري نايل 2023/24 - ترتيب الهدافين|trans-title=2023/24 Nile League - Top goalscorers|lang=ar|publisher=EPL|access-date=13 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5s&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/466923/خبر-في-الجول-زد-يتمم-اتفاقه-مع-زيكو-وإسلام-عبد-الله-ثنائي-حرس-الحدود|title=خبر في الجول - زد يتمم اتفاقه مع زيكو وإسلام عبد الله ثنائي حرس الحدود|trans-title=FilGoal Exclusive – ZED FC Finalizes Deal for Haras El Hodoud Duo &quot;Ziko&quot; and Islam Abdallah|lang=ar|first=Reda|work=[[FilGoal]]|last=El-Sonbaty|access-date=25 July 2026|date=7 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; mu nọmba ẹgbẹ 10.&lt;ref name=&quot;s10&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dz.ma/players-football/mostafa-ziko.html|title=مصطفى عبد الرؤوف زيكو Mostafa Ziko مهاجم نادي زد اف سي|trans-title=Mostafa Abdel Raouf &quot;Ziko&quot; – ZED FC striker|lang=ar|work=DZ|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haras lẹhinna fowo si arakunrin arakunrin rẹ, Mohamed Abdel-Raouf, lati Tanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;ssFG&quot; /&gt; ] Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Ziko ṣí i payá pé òun ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ dara pọ̀ mọ́ Al Masry, &quot;ṣùgbọ́n ZED parí àdéhùn náà ní àkókò tó kẹ́yìn.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;almasry&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/468923/زيكو-زد-خطفني-من-المصري-في-اللحظات-الأخيرة-وكنت-أتمنى-مقابلة-محمد-صلاح|title=زيكو: زد خطفني من المصري في اللحظات الأخيرة.. وكنت أتمنى مقابلة محمد صلاح|trans-title=Ziko: ZED Snatched Me from Al Masry at the Last Minute... I Had Hoped to Meet Mohamed Salah|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=11 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù Kẹwa, Ziko gba góòlù méjì nínú eré tí ó parí sí ìdọ́gba 3–3 pẹ̀lú Baladiyat.t.&lt;ref name=&quot;Baladiyat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/470304/6-أهداف-وطرد-بداية-زد-المثالية-تصطدم-بتعادل-أمام-بلدية-المحلة|first=Islam|last=Ahmed|title=6 أهداف وطرد.. بداية زد المثالية تصطدم بتعادل أمام بلدية المحلة|trans-title=Six Goals and a Red Card: ZED's Perfect Start Halted by Draw Against Baladiyat El-Mahalla|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=5 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni 22 Oṣu Kẹwa, Ziko gba ijiya kan ni iyaworan 3–3 si Al Mokawloon; Ere naa ṣeto igbasilẹ fun awọn ijiya pupọ julọ ni Premier League Egypt, pẹlu 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;El Mokawloon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/471213|title=رقم لم يتحقق منذ 24 عاما.. المقاولون يتعادل مع زد بثلاثية في موقعة ركلات الجزاء|trans-title=A record unmatched in 24 years: Al Mokawloon draws 3-3 with ZED in a penalty-filled clash|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=22 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹwa, ó gba góòlù kan nínú eré tí ó parí sí ìdọ́gba 1–1 pẹ̀lú Smouha, nípa lílo àǹfààní àṣìṣe tí olùṣọ́-àwọ̀n El Hany Soliman ṣe..&lt;ref name=&quot;SmouhaSC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.btolat.com/news/328987|title=التعادل الإيجابي يحسم مباراة سموحة وزد في الدوري المصري|first=Ahmed|last=Owais|trans-title=Smouha vs. ZED Match in Egyptian League Ends in a Draw|work=btolat.com|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=28 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2023, Ziko gba bọ́ọ̀lù wọlé nínú ìṣẹ́gun 1–2 tí wọ́n fi padà bọ̀ láti borí Zamalek; èyí sì jẹ́ ìṣẹ́gun àkọ́kọ́ rí tí ZED ní lórí ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù yẹn..&lt;ref name=&quot;comeback&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/471914/زيكو-عودتنا-أمام-الزمالك-من-صفات-الكبار|title=زيكو: عودتنا أمام الزمالك من صفات الكبار|trans-title=Our comeback against Zamalek is a mark of a big team|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=3 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;comeback2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/471910|title=فوز أول تاريخي.. عودة زد تكتب خسارة الزمالك الثانية على التوالي|trans-title=A Historic First Win: ZED's Comeback Hands Zamalek Their Second Consecutive Defeat|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=3 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nítorí náà, Ziko gba góòlù karùn-ún rẹ̀ nínú eré mẹ́rin tí wọ́n tẹ̀lé ara wọn,[1] ó sì gbé ara rẹ̀ sí ipò tí ó wà lẹ́yìn Mabululu ti Al Ittihad nínú ìdíje láti di agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí ó ti gba góòlù jùlọ nínú lìígì náà..&lt;ref name=&quot;comeback&quot; /&gt; Nígbà tí ó ń bá ON Time Sports sọ̀rọ̀ lẹ́yìn ìdíje náà, Ziko sọ pé: &quot;Wọ́n gbá àfẹ́sẹ̀gbá wọlé sí wa ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ gan-an, láàrin ìṣẹ́jú márùn-ún àkọ́kọ́, ṣùgbọ́n láti lè padà wá borí ẹgbẹ́ tó lágbára bíi Zamalek jẹ́ àmì pàtàkì ti ẹgbẹ́ tó wà ní ipò gíga.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;comeback&quot; /&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀dógún oṣù Kejìlá, Ziko gba góòlù nípasẹ̀ ìyọ̀ǹda ìjìyà (penalty) sí àwọ̀n Pharco, èyí sì mú kí wọ́n borí nínú eré náà pẹ̀lú àbájáde 1–2.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pharco1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/474416|title=زد ينقض على وصافة الدوري بعودة الشوط الثاني أمام فاركو|trans-title=ZED pounces on second place in the league with a second-half comeback against Pharco|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nítorí náà, ó dé ipò gíga jùlọ nínú àtòjọ àwọn tó ń gba góòlù nínú lìgì pẹ̀lú góòlù mẹ́fà, ó sì dọ́gba pẹ̀lú Mabululu, Hossam Ashraf ti Baladiyat, àti Ahmed Belhadji ti Gouna..&lt;ref name=&quot;Pharco1&quot; /&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2023, Ziko gba góòlù kan nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–1 tí wọ́n ní lórí El Dakhleya nínú ìdíje lìgì, èyí sì sọ ọ́ di ẹni tí ó ti gba góòlù púpọ̀ jùlọ nínú lìgì náà..&lt;ref name=&quot;topscorer initially&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/475148/زيكو-أشعر-بالسعادة-لأنني-هداف-الدوري-وزد-المتصدر-وهذا-موقفي-من-العروض|title=زيكو: أشعر بالسعادة لأنني هداف الدوري وزد المتصدر.. وهذا موقفي من العروض|trans-title=Zico: I'm happy to be the league’s top scorer and for ZED to be leading the table... Here is my stance on transfer offers|first=Amr|last=Nabil|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=27 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lẹ́yìn ìdíje náà, nígbà tó ń bá ON Time Sports sọ̀rọ̀, Ziko sọ pé: &quot;ZED ló wà ní ipò kìíní nínú lìgì náà, èmi sì ni agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó ti gba àmì-ayò tó pọ̀ jùlọ; inú mi dùn gan-an nípa èyí.&quot; Nígbà tí wọ́n béèrè lọ́wọ́ rẹ̀ nípa àwọn ìpèsè láti lọ sí ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn, ó dáhùn pé: &quot;Mo wà lára ​​ẹgbẹ́ kan tó lágbára tó sì dọ́gba pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn nínú lìgì náà. Inú mi dùn ní ZED; àwọn olùdarí máa ń pèsè gbogbo ohun tí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù nílò. Mo wà ní ìlànà ẹgbẹ́ náà – bóyá mo kúrò lẹ́yìn tí mo bá gba ìpèsè tó dára tàbí kí n dúró pẹ̀lú ZED, inú mi yóò dùn ní ọ̀nà méjèèjì.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;topscorer initially&quot; /&gt;

Ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2024, Ziko gba góòlù kan láti inú ìyọ̀ǹda ìjìyà (penalty) nínú ìṣẹ́gun 0–3 lórí Baladiyat.;&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhbar el-Yom.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/4353049/1/زد-يواصل-سلسلة-الانتصارات-بالدوري-بثلاثي|title=زد يواصل سلسلة الانتصارات بالدوري بثلاثية في بلدية المحلة|trans-title=ZED FC Continues League Winning Streak with a 3-0 Victory over Baladiyat El-Mahalla|first=Amira|last=Anwar|work=[[Akhbar el-Yom]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=27 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhbar El-syaha.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://akhbarelsyaha.com/2024/04/271218.html|title=زد يكتسح بلدية المحلة ويقتنص الوصافة|trans-title=ZED Routs Baladiyat El-Mahalla and Claims Second Place|work=Akhbar El-syaha|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=27 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akhbar El-syaha royin pe o &quot;pada si atokọ awọn ti o n gba ami-ayò wọle&quot; lẹhin igba diẹ ti ko tii gba ami-ayò kankan wọle.[1] Pẹlu ami-ayò mẹjọ ninu liigi, o wa lẹhin Mabululu ati Ashraf, ti olukuluku wọn ni ami-ayò mọkanla..&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhbar El-syaha.1&quot; /&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún, Ziko gba góòlù kan ní ìṣẹ́jú kẹrìndínlọ́gọ́rùn-ún ó lé mẹ́fà (90+6) láti dọ́gba àmì ayò nípasẹ̀ ìlù bọ́ọ̀lù lójijì (volley) lòdì sí ẹgbẹ́ El Dakhleya nínú ìpele àwọn ẹgbẹ́ mẹ́rìndínlọ́gbọ̀n (round of 32) ti ìdíje Egypt Cup; èyí sì ran ẹgbẹ́ ZED lọ́wọ́ láti borí pẹ̀lú àmì ayò 2–1 lẹ́yìn àfikún àkókò eré. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹfà, ó gba góòlù kan, ó sì tún ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún góòlù mìíràn nínú ìṣẹ́gun ńlá pẹ̀lú àmì ayò 4–1 lórí ẹgbẹ́ Talaea El Gaish.;&lt;ref name=&quot;youm7.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2024/6/27/أهداف-مباراة-نادي-زد-وطلائع-الجيش-4-1-فى-دوري/6621148|title=أهداف مباراة نادي زد وطلائع الجيش 4-1 فى دوري نايل.. فيديو|trans-title=Highlights of the ZED FC vs. Tala'ea El Gaish match (4-1) in the Nile League... Video|work=[[Youm7]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=27 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vg.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vetogate.com/5182899|title=الدوري الممتاز، مصطفى زيكو أفضل لاعب في مباراة زد وطلائع الجيش|trans-title=Premier League: Mostafa Zico Named Man of the Match in ZED vs. Tala'ea El Gaish|work=Veto Gate|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=27 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí náà nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun ENPPI pẹ̀lú àmì-ayò 1–4 ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù Keje.[1] Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Kẹjọ, ó gba àmì-ayò kan &quot;pẹ̀lú lílo orí fi agbára kọ bọ́ọ̀lù&quot; nígbà tí Pyramids ṣẹ́gun wọn pẹ̀lú àmì-ayò 2–1..&lt;ref name=&quot;fg1.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/487651/بيراميدز-ينتصر-على-زد-ويؤجل-تتويج-الأهلي-بالدوري|title=بيراميدز ينتصر على زد ويؤجل تتويج الأهلي بالدوري|trans-title=Pyramids defeat ZED, delaying Al Ahly's league title win|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=4 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù Kẹjọ, ó gba góòlù kan ṣoṣo náà pẹ̀lú lílo orí rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Al Masry pẹ̀lú àbájáde 1–0; èyí sì jẹ́ ìṣẹ́gun àkọ́kọ́ tí ZED yóò ní lórí ẹgbẹ́ náà, ó sì tún fòpin sí àkókò tí wọ́n ti pàdánù nínú eré mẹ́ta ní títẹ̀lé-n-tẹ̀lé..&lt;ref name=&quot;fg1.22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/488279/رأسية-زيكو-تكتب-ما-يحدث-لأول-مرة-في-مواجهات-زد-أمام-المصري|title=رأسية زيكو تكتب ما يحدث لأول مرة في مواجهات زد أمام المصري|trans-title=Zico's header marks a first in matches between ZED and Al Masry|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=26 July 2026|date=4 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ọjọ́ kẹta-dín-lọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2024, ẹgbẹ́ ZED ti Ziko pàdánù pẹ̀lú àmì-ayò kan sí òdo (1–0) lọ́wọ́ Pyramids nínú ìdíje ìparí Egypt Cup..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/6/531026/Sports/Pyramids-FC-break-finals-jinx-to-claim-first-ever-.aspx|title=Pyramids FC break finals jinx to claim first ever Egypt Cup title|work=[[Al-Ahram|Al Ahram Online]]|date=30 August 2024|accessdate=2 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awọn oniroyin kọwe pe, ni gbogbo akoko idije naa, Ziko ti fi ara rẹ han gẹgẹbi ọkan ninu awọn agbabọọlu apa ti o munadoko julọ ni Ajumọṣe Premier ti ilẹ Egipti.;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt; Ziko parí sáà náà pẹ̀lú àmì-ayò méjìlá nínú ìdíje lìígì, èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí pé òun ni agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ fún ẹgbẹ́ ZED, tí ó sì tún wà lára ​​àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́rin tí wọ́n jọ pín ipò kẹrin nínú àwọn tí ó gba àmì-ayò púpọ̀ jùlọ nínú lìígì náà.r.&lt;ref name=&quot;goal1ia..22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/ar-eg/أخبار/جدول-ترتيب-هدافي-الدوري-المصري-2023-2024/bltccc3217d9fdeaeae|title=جدول ترتيب هدافي الدوري المصري 2023-2024|trans-title=2023–2024 Egyptian League Top Scorers Table|work=[[Goal.com|Goal]]|lang=ar|first=Bilal|last=Mohamed|access-date=27 July 2026|date=18 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islam Ahmed ti FilGoal royin pe Ziko tun jẹ ọkan ninu awọn ti wọn gba iye ifiyajija (penalty) ti o pọ julọ, ti o si tun jẹ ọkan ninu awọn ti wọn ṣe ifihan ninu awọn ere ti o pọ julọ ninu liigi naa..&lt;ref name=&quot;fg1ia..22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/488547|title=الشيبي والشناوي وكالوشا ووسام.. أبرز أرقام الدوري المصري موسم 2023-24|trans-title=Al-Chibi, El-Shenawy, Kalousha, and Wissam: Key stats from the 2023–24 Egyptian League season|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Islam|last=Ahmed|access-date=27 July 2026|date=19 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2024–25: ZED top scorer ====
Ni ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù Kẹwa ọdún 2024, FilGoal ròyìn pé Olùdarí Eré-ìdárayá ti ẹgbẹ́ Al Ahly, Mohamed Ramadan, ń gbìyànjú láti yí olùkọ́ni àgbà Marcel Koller lọ́kàn padà láti fọwọ́ sí gbígba àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù méjì láti ẹgbẹ́ ZED, ìyẹn Ziko àti Abdelrahman El Banouby, kí àkókò ìgbàgbọ́ọ̀lù-yí-ẹgbẹ́-padà tó parí ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹwa..&lt;ref name=&quot;ALKOLLER&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/491854/في-الجول-يكشف-كيف-يخطط-الأهلي-للتعاقدات-قبل-غلق-باب-القيد|title=في الجول يكشف كيف يخطط الأهلي للتعاقدات قبل غلق باب القيد|trans-title=FilGoal Reveals Al Ahly's Transfer Plans Before the Registration Window Closes|first=Ahmed|last=El-Khouli|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=12 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In November, ZED's [[Chief executive officer|CEO]], Ahmed Abdallah, noted external interest in Ziko, saying: &quot;[[Pyramids FC]] was the most persistent in seeking Ziko, followed by [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]], and finally Al Ahly.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEDCEO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/493389/مدير-زد-التنفيذي-لـ-في-الجول-ما-فعلناه-مع-الزمالك-حدث-مع-الأهلي-وبيراميدز-وهذا-طموحنا-الموسم-الحالي|title=مدير زد التنفيذي لـ في الجول: ما فعلناه مع الزمالك حدث مع الأهلي وبيراميدز.. وهذا طموحنا الموسم الحالي|trans-title=ZED FC CEO to FilGoal: What we did with Zamalek, we also did with Al Ahly and Pyramids... and here is our ambition for the current season|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=25 July 2026|date=6 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 November, Ziko scored in a 2–0 win over his former club [[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]],&lt;ref name=&quot;former&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/495012/زد-يبدأ-مشواره-انتصاراته-في-الدوري-بثنائية-البانوبي-وزيكو-ضد-حرس-الحدود|title=زد يبدأ مشواره انتصاراته في الدوري بثنائية البانوبي وزيكو ضد حرس الحدود|trans-title=ZED kicks off its league wins with a brace from El-Banouby and a goal from Ziko against Haras El-Hodoud|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=30 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; helping ZED to its first league win that season.&lt;ref name=&quot;former2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2024/11/30/زد-يفوز-على-حرس-الحدود-بثنائية-ويحقق-انتصاره-الأول-فى/6795450|title=زد يفوز على حرس الحدود بثنائية ويحقق انتصاره الأول فى الدورى|trans-title=ZED Beats Haras El Hodoud 2–0 to Secure First League Win|work=[[Youm7]]|first=Soliman|last=El-Naqar|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=30 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 28 January 2025, Ziko netted in a 2–1 loss against [[Smouha SC|Smouha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Smouha.1.1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.yallakora.com/egyptian-league/2935/news/497644/ثنائية-أمادي-تنقذ-الموج-الأزرق-سموحة-يستعيد-نغمة-الانتصارات-في-الدوري-بفوز-مثير|title=ثنائية أمادي تنقذ الموج الأزرق.. سموحة يستعيد نغمة الانتصارات في الدوري بفوز مثير|trans-title=Amadi’s brace saves the &quot;Blue Wave&quot;... Smouha returns to winning ways in the league with a thrilling victory|work=Yallakora|first=Mohamed|last=Galal|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=28 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 12 February, Ziko scored &quot;arguably the league's best goal of the season – a spectacular bicycle kick – in the 69th minute&quot; of a 1–1 draw against [[Ceramica Cleopatra FC|Cleopatra FC]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cleo.&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/499842|title=بهدف خرافي من زيكو.. تعادل معتاد بين سيراميكا كليوباترا وزد في الدوري|trans-title=Video: A spectacular goal by Zico... A familiar draw between Ceramica Cleopatra and ZED in the League|work=[[FilGoal]]|first=Mohamed|last=Samir|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=12 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko had a second goal in the 95th minute ruled out for offside.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleo.&quot; /&gt; On 27 February, Ziko scored in a 1–1 draw to Zamalek.&lt;ref name=&quot;zam.&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/videos/48188|title=ملخص تعادل الزمالك أمام زد 1-1 (الدوري المصري)|trans-title=Highlights: Zamalek 1-1 ZED (Egyptian League)|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=27 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 11 May 2025, Ziko scored and assisted in a 2–2 draw to [[Modern Sport FC|Modern Sport]].&lt;ref name=&quot;mos.&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/505080|title=انتهت الدوري - الجونة (0)-(1) الجيش.. وزد (2)-(2) مودرن|trans-title=League matches concluded: El Gouna 0–1 El Gaish, and ZED 2–2 Modern|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=11 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mos.matchreport&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.yallakora.com/egyptian-league/2935/match/102328/زد-مودرن-سبورت-الدوري-المصري|title=ZED 2–2 Modern Sport|work=Yallakora|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=11 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored in his next match, netting in a 1–1 draw to [[ENPPI SC|ENPPI]] on 25 May.&lt;ref name=&quot;enp.youm&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2025/5/25/زد-يتقدم-على-إنبى-بهدف-زيكو-فى-الشوط-الأول-بدورى/6999865|title=زد يتقدم على إنبى بهدف زيكو فى الشوط الأول بدورى نايل|trans-title=ZED takes the lead against Enppi with a goal from Zico in the first half of the Nile League match|work=[[Youm7]]|lang=ar|access-date=27 July 2026|date=25 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko again finished as the club's [[2024–25 ZED FC season#Top goalscorer|top scorer]] in the 2024–25 season, scoring 6 times.&lt;ref name=&quot;n&quot; /&gt; At the end of the season, ZED reportedly received offers for Ziko from three Egyptian clubs, including Zamalek and Pyramids, and a Gulf-based side.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/zed-fc-confirm-offers-mostafa-ziko/|title=ZED FC confirm multiple offers for star winger Mostafa Ziko|work=Pan Africa Football|date=4 August 2025|access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OFFERSa&quot; /&gt; Although reports from 3 August said that Pyramids and ZED had agreed a transfer for Ziko,&lt;ref name=&quot;ssFG&quot; /&gt; on 4 August ZED released an official statement, saying: &quot;The club's management is currently evaluating all available options, and an appropriate decision will be made in the coming hours.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;OFFERSa&quot; /&gt; Ziko transferred to Pyramids on 7 August.&lt;ref name=&quot;p.&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/6/550892/Sports/Pyramids-FC-land-ZED-FC-forward-Mostafa-Ziko.aspx|title=Pyramids FC land ZED FC forward Mostafa Ziko|work=[[Al-Ahram|Ahram Online]]|date=7 August 2025|access-date=1 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pyramids ===

==== 2025–2026: First season and three titles ====
On 7 August 2025, Ziko signed for [[Pyramids FC]] on a contract lasting until June 2029, joining a side that had won their first-ever [[CAF Champions League]] title [[2024–25 CAF Champions League|earlier that year]].&lt;ref name=&quot;p.&quot; /&gt; He therefore became Pyramids' second signing of the summer, following [[Ewerton (footballer, born 1996)|Ewerton]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ssFG&quot; /&gt; The deal was reportedly worth 35 million [[Egyptian pound|Egyptian pounds]] and included the loan of [[Mahmoud Saber]] and the sale of [[Youssef Osama]] to [[ZED FC|ZED]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ta&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/510746/كما-انفرد-في-الجول-لا-يمكن-مراقبته-حتى-بالكاميرات-بيراميدز-يضم-زيكو|title=كما انفرد في الجول - &quot;لا يمكن مراقبته حتى بالكاميرات&quot;.. بيراميدز يضم زيكو|trans-title=As exclusively reported by FilGoal - &quot;He can't even be monitored by cameras&quot;... Pyramids signs Zico|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Amr|last=Nabil|access-date=24 July 2026|date=7 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko scored his first goal in the [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup]], and first Pyramids goal, on 14 September in a [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#First round|3–0 victory]] over [[Auckland City FC|Auckland City]], with &quot;a composed finish in the 85th minute&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;intercontinental1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.oceaniafootball.com/pyramids-too-strong-for-auckland-city-in-fifa-intercontinental-cup-2025-play-off/|title=Pyramids Too Strong for Auckland City in FIFA Intercontinental Cup 2025 Play-Off|work=[[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko scored his first Pyramids league goal on 18 September, heading in the winner in a 1–0 victory over his former club ZED.&lt;ref name=&quot;pan.zed&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/pyramids-fc-edge-zed-with-zikos-decisive-header-in-nile-egyptian-league|title=Pyramids Too Strong for Auckland City in FIFA Intercontinental Cup 2025 Play-Off|work=Pan Africa Football|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 September, Ziko was an unused substitute as Pyramids won the [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#African–Asian–Pacific Cup|African–Asian–Pacific Cup]] 1–3 against [[Al-Ahli Saudi FC|Al-Ahli]],&lt;ref name=&quot;intercontinental2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2025/09/23/pyramids-cruise-past-al-ahli-in-fifa-intercontinental-cup/#google_vignette|first=Saher|last=Ahmed|title=Pyramids cruise past Al Ahli in FIFA Intercontinental Cup|work=[[KingFut]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;intercontinental3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/egypts-pyramids-beat-al-ahli-secure-african-asian-pacific-cup-title-2025-09-23/|title=Egypt’s Pyramids beat Al-Ahli to secure African-Asian-Pacific Cup title|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; the club's first international title.&lt;ref name=&quot;intercontinental2&quot; /&gt; On 5 October, Ziko opened the scoring in a 3–0 win &quot;with a well-taken finish from inside the box&quot; against [[APR F.C.|APR FC]] in the [[2025–26 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds#FR03.2|first round]] of the [[2025–26 CAF Champions League]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/pyramids-ease-past-apr-to-reach-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-second-round/|title=Pyramids ease past APR to reach TotalEnergies CAF Champions League second round|work=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aprA&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/514747/زيكو-الفوز-على-الجيش-الرواندي-لا-يعكس-صعوبة-المباراة|title=زيكو: الفوز على الجيش الرواندي لا يعكس صعوبة المباراة|trans-title=Ziko: Victory Over APR FC Doesn't Reflect the Match's Difficulty|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026|date=5 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his post-match interview, Ziko said: &quot;The scoreline might make it look like an easy match, but on the contrary, APR FC has good players, and the game was difficult.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;aprA&quot; /&gt; He added: &quot;This match was special for me as it was my first appearance [in the CAF Champions League], and I also scored my first goal in the tournament.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;aprA&quot; /&gt; On 18 October, Ziko was an unused substitute as Pyramids won the [[2025 CAF Super Cup]] 1–0 against [[RS Berkane]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf.bein&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/caf-super-cup/articles/pyramids-fc-make-history-with-maiden-caf-super-cup-triumph-2025-10-18|title=Pyramids FC Make History With Maiden CAF Super Cup Triumph|work=[[beIN Sports]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;caf.reut&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/pyramids-score-late-win-african-super-cup-2025-10-18/|title=Pyramids score late to win African Super Cup|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;caf.kf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2025/10/18/pyramids-fc-clinch-caf-super-cup-crown/|title=Pyramids FC clinch CAF Super Cup crown|first=Saher|last=Ahmed|work=[[KingFut]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;caf.365&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.365scores.com/football/match/caf-super-cup-5581/pyramids-rsb-berkane-9974-22143-5581|title=Pyramids 1–0 RS Berkane|work=365 scores|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 October, Ziko scored in Pyramids' [[2025–26 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds#SR02.2|2–0]] CAF Champions League win over [[Ethiopian Insurance FC|Ethiopian Insurance]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/title-holders-pyramids-cruise-into-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-group-stage/|title=Title holders Pyramids cruise into TotalEnergies CAF Champions League group stage|work=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko scored in Pyramids' 2–1 loss to [[Ceramica Cleopatra FC|Cleopatra FC]] in the [[2025 Egyptian Super Cup#Third place match|third-place play-off]] of the [[2025 Egyptian Super Cup]] on 9 November.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.super.al.a&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/51/556542/Sports/Egyptian-Football/Belhadj-penalties-give-Ceramica--win-over-Pyramids.aspx|title=Belhadj penalties give Ceramica 2-1 win over Pyramids in Super Cup third-place match|work=[[Al-Ahram|Ahram Online]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko scored his first brace in a 2–2 draw against [[Petrojet SC|Petrojet]] on 6 December.&lt;ref name=&quot;petrojet.p.a.f&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/nile-league-pyramids-fc-drop-points-at-petrojet|title=Nile League: Pyramids FC drop points at Petrojet|first=Andrew|last=Olsson|work=Pan Africa Football|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 11 December, before the upcoming [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#Challenger Cup|Challenger Cup]] match against [[CR Flamengo|Flamengo]], Ziko said that it was &quot;a great honour&quot; to face the side where his namesake [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]] played.&lt;ref name=&quot;FMFLa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/518993/زيكو-والدي-حكى-لي-عن-أسطورة-فلامنجو-وسعيد-بمواجهة-الفريق-الذي-مثله-كلاعب|title=زيكو: والدي حكى لي عن أسطورة فلامنجو.. وسعيد بمواجهة الفريق الذي مثله كلاعب|trans-title=Ziko: My father told me about the Flamengo legend... and I am happy to face the team he represented as a player|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|first=Hamed|last=Wagdy|access-date=24 July 2026|date=11 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 13 December, Ziko played 74 minutes of the match; Pyramids lost 2–0.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.interc.al.a&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/558576.aspx|title=Pyramids FC lose 2-0 to Flamengo in FIFA Intercontinental Cup|work=[[Al-Ahram|Ahram Online]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 22 December, Ziko scored in a 2–0 win over [[FC Masar|Masar]] in the round of 32 in the 2025–26 [[Egypt Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2025/12/22/بيراميدز-يهزم-مسار-بثنائية-زيكو-وعبد-الرحمن-مجدى-ويتأهل-لدور/7243254|title=بيراميدز يهزم مسار بثنائية زيكو وعبد الرحمن مجدى ويتأهل لدور الـ 16 بكأس مصر|trans-title=Pyramids defeats Masar with a brace from Zico and Abdel Rahman Magdy, advancing to the Egypt Cup Round of 16|work=[[Youm7]]|lang=ar|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 20 January 2026, Ziko scored in a 3–0 win over [[El Gouna FC|Gouna]] in the round of 16 in the Egypt Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.maspero.eg/sport/2026/01/20/922133/بيراميدز-إلى-ربع-نهائي-كأس-مصر-بثلاثية-في-الجونة|title=بيراميدز إلى ربع نهائي كأس مصر بثلاثية في الجونة|trans-title=Pyramids reach Egypt Cup quarter-finals with 3-0 win over El Gouna|work=Maspero|lang=ar|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored in his second consecutive league match in a 1–1 draw to Gouna on 28 January.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2026/1/28/بيراميدز-يتعادل-أمام-الجونة-بهدف-لمثله-ويفقد-نقطتين-فى-سباق/7285408|title=بيراميدز يتعادل أمام الجونة بهدف لمثله ويفقد نقطتين فى سباق الصدارة على الدورى|trans-title=Pyramids draws 1-1 with El Gouna, dropping two points in the race for the league lead|work=[[Youm7]]|first=Haitham|last=Owais|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/522223/التعادل-الثاني-الجونة-يفرض-التعادل-على-بيراميدز|title=التعادل الثاني.. الجونة يفرض التعادل على بيراميدز|trans-title=Second draw... El Gouna holds Pyramids to a draw|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 14 February, Ziko scored his final CAF Champions League goal of the season in a [[2025–26 CAF Champions League group stage#Pyramids v Power Dynamos|3–1 win]] over [[Power Dynamos F.C.|Power Dynamos]], helping Pyramids progress from [[2025–26 CAF Champions League#Group A|Group A]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/defending-champions-pyramids-fc-joined-by-berkane-in-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-quarter-finals/|title=Defending champions Pyramids FC joined by Berkane in TotalEnergies CAF Champions League quarter-finals|work=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 1 March, Pyramids exited the CAF Champions League after a 1–2 loss to [[AS FAR]].&lt;ref name=&quot;caf4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/far-rabat-knock-out-title-holders-pyramids-to-reach-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-semi-finals/|title=FAR Rabat knock out title holders Pyramids to reach TotalEnergies CAF Champions League semi-finals|work=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 3 April, Ziko scored and assisted in a 4–0 rout of [[ENPPI SC|ENPPI]] in the semi-final of the Egypt Cup.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.yahoo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/pyramids-thrash-pyramids-reach-egyptian-163344699.html|title=Pyramids thrash ENPPI to reach the Egyptian Cup final|work=[[Goal.com]]|via=[[Yahoo Sports]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.goal&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/pyramids-thrash-enppi-to-reach-the-egyptian-cup-final/blt9f5249ea26520dc2|title=Pyramids thrash ENPPI to reach the Egyptian Cup final|first=Abdelmawgood|last=Samir|work=[[Goal.com]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.p.a.f&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/pyramids-cruise-past-enppi-4-0-to-reach-egypt-cup-final|title=Pyramids cruise past ENPPI 4-0 to reach Egypt Cup final|first=Hossam|last=Ahmed|work=Pan Africa Football|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hence, Pyramids progressed to the final against ZED, a repeat of the [[2024 Egypt Cup final|2024 final]] in which Ziko was on the losing side.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.yahoo&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.goal&quot; /&gt; On 1 May, Ziko scored a second brace in a 3–2 win against ENPPI; Amr Osama of ''Yallakora'' wrote that &quot;Mostafa Ziko has emerged as Pyramids' 'savior' for the fourth time this league season&quot;, citing his previous contributions against ZED, Petrojet and Gouna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.yallakora.com/egyptian-league/2977/news/549351/المرة-الرابعة-مصطفى-زيكو-ي-نقذ-بيراميدز-في-الدوري-ويمنحه-ثلاث-نقاط-أمام-إنبي|title=المرة الرابعة.. مصطفى زيكو &quot;يُنقذ&quot; بيراميدز في الدوري ويمنحه ثلاث نقاط أمام إنبي|trans-title=For the fourth time... Mostafa Ziko 'rescues' Pyramids in the league, securing three points against ENPPI|work=Yallakora|lang=ar|first=Amr|last=Osama|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 10 May, Pyramids beat ZED 2–1 in the Egypt Cup final; Ziko received a late [[Penalty card#Red card|red card]] in the 81st minute after a challenge on Pyramids loanee [[Tarek Alaa (footballer, born 2002)|Tarek Alaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.kf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2026/05/11/pyramids-fc-claim-egypt-cup-with-win-over-zed/|title=Pyramids FC Claim Egypt Cup With Win Over ZED|work=[[KingFut]]|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.cup.p.a.f2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/pyramids-egypt-cup-champions-zed|title=Pyramids crowned Egypt Cup champions again after defeating ZED to keep domestic double dream alive|first=Hossam|last=Ahmed|work=Pan Africa Football|access-date=23 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Speaking to [[ON Sport FM|ON Sport]] in his post-match interview, Ziko said: &quot;This season has been exceptional for me, as I have won three trophies, and God willing, we will win even more.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filgoal.com/articles/528898|title=زيكو: سنلعب على بطولة الدوري حتى الدقيقة الأخيرة|trans-title=Zico: We will fight for the league title until the very last minute|work=[[FilGoal]]|lang=ar|access-date=24 July 2026|date=10 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Referring to Pyramids' league title prospects, he added: &quot;As long as the league hasn't been mathematically decided, it remains up for grabs. If [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]] loses their next match and we win, we will be crowned champions. We will play until the final minute; God willing, we will win the league title.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECa&quot; /&gt; However, whilst Pyramids won their final league match against [[Smouha SC|Smouha]] 2–1 on 20 May,&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.league.kf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2026/05/20/zamalek-seal-egyptian-premier-league-title-on-final-day/|title=Zamalek Seal Egyptian Premier League Title on Final Day|work=[[KingFut]]|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; with Ziko suspended owing to his accumulation of yellow cards,&lt;ref name=&quot;ZIKO.SMOUHA.suspension&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://sport.elwatannews.com/ar/1/1/1306319/سيراميكا-كليوباترا-ينهي-موسم-جناح-بيراميدز-في-الدوري-المصري|title=سيراميكا كليوباترا ينهي موسم جناح بيراميدز في الدوري المصري|lang=ar|trans-title=Ceramica Cleopatra ends Pyramids winger's Egyptian League season|work=[[El Watan News]]|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zamalek also won theirs against Cleopatra 1–0 to clinch the title.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.league.kf&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt.league.reur&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/zamalek-claim-15th-egyptian-league-title-2026-05-20/|title=Zamalek claim 15th Egyptian league title|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=24 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; After his successful season, Ziko was rewarded with his first international appearances and a place in Egypt's [[2026 FIFA World Cup]] [[2026 FIFA World Cup squads#Squad|squad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;26b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.efa.com.eg/ar/الأخبار/حسام-حسن-يعلن-القائمة-النهائية-لمنتخب-مصر-في-كأس-العالم/|title=حسام حسن يعلن القائمة النهائية لمنتخب مصر في كأس العالم|trans-title=Hossam Hassan announces the final squad for the Egyptian national team in the World Cup|publisher=[[Egyptian Football Association]]|date=29 May 2026|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amr Abdel Moneim of ''[[FilGoal]]'' wrote that &quot;[l]ess than a year ago, when Mostafa Abdel-Raouf 'Ziko' transferred from ZED FC to Pyramids FC, anyone asked about his prospects would have predicted – even the most optimistic Egyptian fans – that he would simply try to secure a starting spot in the squad of the 'Sky Blues' ... Yet, in less than a year, Ziko surprised everyone. ... It was a career turnaround beyond anyone's imagination.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt; He added: &quot;Ziko rose rapidly from obscurity, achieving in a short time what takes other players years to accomplish.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt;

== International career ==
Ziko was first called up to the [[Egypt national football team|Egypt national team]] in late 2022 under coach [[Rui Vitória]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; Commenting on his inclusion, his Haras el Hodoud manager [[Ahmed Ayoub]] said: &quot;When I first saw him, I knew he would become a shining star in the league and eventually be selected for the Egypt national team. He possesses all the attributes; he just needs to improve his finishing in front of goal.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; Ziko himself said: &quot;I am overjoyed to have joined the Egyptian national team; it is a feeling I cannot describe. I thank all the coaches and teammates who supported me; every coach I worked with told me I would reach great heights.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; However, he did not make an appearance.&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;almasry&quot; /&gt; In 2026, he received another call-up under coach [[Hossam Hassan]] for the final training camp before the World Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filgoal.com/players/136189|title=مصطفى زيكو - لاعب نادي بيراميدز|website=FilGoal|access-date=1 June 2026|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt; On 28 May, he made his debut for the national team against the [[Russia national football team|Russia national team]], and scored the only goal of the match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/52/569809/Sports/National-Teams/Egypt-warm-up-for--World-Cup-finals-with--win-over.aspx|title=Egypt warm up for 2026 World Cup finals with 1-0 win over Russia|first=Ahmed|last=Ghandour|publisher=Ahram Online|date=28 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; He then scored his second goal in a 2–1 friendly defeat to [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] on 6 June 2026, capitalising on a mistake by [[Marquinhos]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/ce8plnkzzg3t|title=Brazil 2-1 Egypt|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=6 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; This earned him praise from his namesake, [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;304a&quot; /&gt;
[[Fáìlì:Mostafa_Ziko.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Ziko with the Egypt national football team in 2026]]
Ziko was selected in the 26-man squad for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].&lt;ref name=&quot;26b&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/egypt-name-final-26-man-squad-for-2026-fifa-world-cup/|title=Egypt Name Final 26-Man Squad for 2026 FIFA World Cup|work=Africa Top Sports|date=May 2026|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/fifa-world-cup-2026-mohamed-salah-and-egypt-chase-first-ever-quarter-final-berth-all-players-full-squad-list-key-stats-and-schedule|title=Egypt at FIFA World Cup 2026: All players, full squad list, key stats and schedule|work=Olympics.com|date=31 May 2026|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 21 June, he netted his first World Cup goal and provided an assist in a 3–1 victory over [[New Zealand men's national football team|New Zealand]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/new-zealand-egypt-match-report-highlights|title=Egypt earn long-awaited first victory|publisher=FIFA|date=22 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=McKenna|first=Chris|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cjrg7wz1er7t|title=New Zealand 1–3 Egypt|publisher=BBC Sport|date=22 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hence, he became the first Egyptian to both score and provide an assist in the same World Cup match.&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt; After the game, he revealed that he had not expected to play at the World Cup, saying: &quot;I was getting ready to spend my summer holidays on the north coast when I was surprised by a call from Hossam Hassan to join the national team&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt; He also said: &quot;I dedicate this win and this goal to my mother and my brother Abdelraouf, who has been like a father to me since our own father died. I wish he were still alive to see what I've achieved.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;fs&quot; /&gt;

On 7 July, he scored a goal against [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] in the [[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Argentina vs Egypt|round of 16]] which was disallowed following a [[Video Assistant Referee|VAR]] review; the referee ruled that [[Marwan Attia]] had fouled [[Lisandro Martínez]] in the buildup by stepping on his foot, disallowing the resulting goal. Critics noted the incident occurred several seconds before the goal and far from the scoring action,&lt;ref name=&quot;FOX&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/egypts-goal-vs-argentina-disallowed-after-var-check-not-why-var-brought-game|title=Egypt Goal vs. Argentina Controversially Disallowed After VAR Check|publisher=FOX Sports|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Baker|first=Luke|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/egypt-argentina-goal-disallowed-var-mostafa-ziko-world-cup-2026-b3010691.html|title=Why was Egypt’s second goal against Argentina disallowed by VAR in World Cup last 16?|publisher=The Independent|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; though the decision was technically grounded in the IFAB rules governing the VAR protocol.&lt;ref name=&quot;IFAB_APP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/video-assistant-referee-var-protocol/|title=Video Assistant Referee (VAR) Protocol|publisher=[[International Football Association Board]]|access-date=8 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; The decision, and accompanying decisions in favour of Argentina, caused significant controversy.&lt;ref name=&quot;itv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFa_CUlvHvo|title=NO GOAL! VAR robs us of one of the GREATEST World Cup Goals|work=[[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]|via=[[YouTube]]|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;givemesport&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.givemesport.com/var-expert-egypt-penalty-argentina-world-cup-football-soccer/|title=VAR Expert Casts Strong Verdict on Egypt’s Penalty Shout in World Cup Loss vs Argentina|last=Mumford|first=Robin|publisher=GiveMeSport|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziko then scored a second goal which was not disallowed, helping his team take a 2–0 lead, however they eventually lost 3–2.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Howarth|first=Matthew|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cdr4m2122lgt|title=Argentina 3–2 Egypt|publisher=BBC Sport|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his post-match interview, Ziko said that &quot;We were hard done by [the referee] today, and everyone saw that, After the 2–0 result, everything went against us and worked against us. I don't even know why the second goal was disallowed, I don't see any reason for it. He wanted to disallow the third one too, but thank God, God didn't grant him success.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/49298958/egypt-boss-bemoans-injustice-loss-argentina-world-cup|title=Egypt boss bemoans 'injustice' after loss to Argentina at World Cup|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=7 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also called the World Cup &quot;rigged&quot; in favour of Argentina and labelled the referee [[François Letexier]] &quot;unfair&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;zikoathlon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mostafa Ziko Calls the World Cup ‘Rigged’ After Egypt’s Loss to Argentina|url=https://athlonsports.com/soccer/mostafa-ziko-calls-world-cup-rigged-after-egypts-loss-to-argentina|work=[[Parade Media#Athlon Sports|Athlon Sports]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Player profile ==
In 2022, Ziko's former coach at [[Gomhoriat Shebin SC|Gomhoriat Shebin]], [[Samir Kamouna]], told ''[[FilGoal]]'': &quot;Ziko's playing style resembles that of [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]]'s [[Mostafa Shalaby]]; he excels at playing on the wing and making attacking runs into the box.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; His former [[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]] coach  Mohamed Makki said: &quot;He is a player with exceptional technical abilities; he excels in open play – utilising large spaces – and possesses great dribbling skills. He can beat defenders in one-on-one situations and is diligent in his defensive duties, thanks to his versatility across multiple positions.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt; However, his former coaches suggested that he needed to improve his finishing.&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt;

Ziko has been recognised as a versatile player; in 2022 his former coach at Haras El Hodoud, [[Mohamed Halim]], said: &quot;Ziko is capable of playing as a number 8, a number 10, or on the wings; in terms of playing style, he is somewhat similar to [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]'s [[Taher Mohamed|Taher Mohamed Taher]].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;VitFil&quot; /&gt;

== Career statistics ==

=== Club ===
{{updated|matches played 20 May 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;MZt.S&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/player/zico-mustafa-abdel-raouf/vwddP63o/|title=Mostafa Ziko|website=Soccerway}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|Statistics are incomplete}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Egypt Cup]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|[[Gomhoriat Shebin SC|Gomhoriat Shebin]]
|[[2015–16 Egyptian Second Division|2015–16]]
|[[Egyptian Second Division]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]]
|[[2020-21 Egyptian Premier League|2020–21]]
|Egyptian Premier League
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|-
|[[2021–22 Egyptian Second Division|2021–22]]
|Egyptian Second Division
|3
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4
|3
|-
|[[2022-23 Egyptian Premier League|2022–23]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|32
|6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|32
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!35
!9
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |–
!37
!10
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[ZED FC|ZED]]
|[[2023–24 ZED FC season|2023–24]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|33
|12
|7
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|40
|13
|-
|[[2024–25 ZED FC season|2024–25]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|23
|6
|5
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|28
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!56
!18
!12
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |–
!68
!19
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]
|[[2025–26 Pyramids FC season|2025–26]]
|Egyptian Premier League
|22
|6
|5
|3
|10{{efn|Appearances in [[CAF Champions League]]|name=CCL}}
|3
|4{{efn|2 appearances in [[Egyptian Super Cup]], 2 appearances in [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup]]}}
|2
|41
|14
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!113
!33
!20
!4
!10
!3
!4
!2
!147
!43
|}
{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{updated|match played 7 July 2026}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by national team and year
!National team
!Year
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]
|2026
|7
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!7
!4
|}

: ''Scores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ziko goal.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+List of international goals scored by Mostafa Ziko
!No.
!Date
!Venue
!Cap
!Opponent
!Score
!Result
!Competition
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|28 May 2026
|[[Cairo International Stadium]], [[Cairo]], Egypt
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|{{fb|RUS}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|6 June 2026
|[[Huntington Bank Field]], [[Cleveland]], United States
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|{{fb|BRA}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–2
|Friendly
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|21 June 2026
|[[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]], Canada
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|{{fb|NZL}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
|[[2026 FIFA World Cup Group G|2026 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|7 July 2026
|[[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]], United States
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7
|{{fb|ARG}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–3
|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|2026 FIFA World Cup]]
|}

== Honours ==

=== ZED ===

* [[Egypt Cup]] runner-up: [[2024 Egypt Cup final|2023–24]]

=== Pyramids ===

* [[Egypt Cup]]: 2025–26
* [[CAF Super Cup]]: [[2025 CAF Super Cup|2025]]
* [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup#Secondary trophy winners|FIFA African–Asian–Pacific Cup]]: [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#African–Asian–Pacific Cup|2025]]
* [[FIFA Intercontinental Cup#Secondary trophy winners|FIFA Challenger Cup]] runner-up: [[2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup#Challenger Cup|2025]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Soccerway|new_id=zico-mustafa-abdel-raouf/vwddP63o}}

{{Pyramids FC squad}} {{Egypt squad 2026 FIFA World Cup}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ìṣòro Ọ̀sẹ̀ Kan Kìíní</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:35:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753889|One Week One Trouble]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book||name=One Week One Trouble|title_orig=|translator=|image=File:One_Week_One_Trouble.png|caption=|author=Anezi Okoro|illustrator=Charles Ohu|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English|series=African Readers Library|release_number=21|genre=Fiction|publisher=African University Press|pub_date=1972|english_pub_date=|media_type=Print ([[Paperback]])|pages=117|oclc=1845124|isbn=9780410801527|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}'''''Ìṣòro Ọ̀sẹ̀ Kìíní''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àwọn ọ̀dọ́ / àwọn ọmọdé tí òǹkọ̀wé ará Nàìjíríà Anezi Okoro kọ ní ọdún 1972. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/at-91-i-spend-time-in-little-writing-little-reading/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=At 91, I spend time in 'little writing, little reading'|first=Lawrence|last=Njoku|access-date=28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2021/03/05/in-nigerias-interest/|location=Port Harcourt, Nigeria|title=In Nigeria's Interest|first=The|last=Tide|access-date=28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akọle iwe naa ni oniroyin kan ti lo lati se apejuwe “iṣoro” ti o n de ba awon oloselu [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Insecurity: One Week, One Trouble by Abdullahi Mohammed|url=http://saharareporters.com/2020/12/14/insecurity-one-week-one-trouble-abdullahi-d-mohammed|location=New York City, United States|first=Abdullahi|last=Mohammed|access-date=28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/03/one-week-one-trouble-who-will-save-governor-ambode/|title=One Week, One Trouble – Who Will Save Governor Ambode?|access-date=28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/07/fg-vs-zakzaky-travails-of-rule-of-law-and-tales-of-one-week-one-trouble/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=FG Vs Zakzaky: Travails of rule of law and tales of one week one trouble|access-date=28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé ìtàn yìí dá lórí Wilson Tagbo, ọmọkùnrin kan tí ó gba ààyè láti lọ sí ilé-ìwé girama. Láti ọjọ́ àkọ́kọ́ gan-an, Wilson máa ń kó ara rẹ̀ sínú onírúurú wàhálà. Ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwà rẹ̀ ní ilé-ìwé girama ni ìgbà tí ó ń wádìí nínú yàrá ìwádìí sáyẹ́ǹsì (Chemistry) ní ilé-ìwé rẹ̀, tí ó sì mí *'nitrous oxide'—èyí tí a mọ̀ sí &quot;gáàsì tí ń fa ẹ̀rín&quot; (laughing gas)—wọlé, èyí sì fa kí ó dákú lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 February 2022|title=One week, one trouble.|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/02/one-day-one-trouble/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkọlé náà ṣe fi hàn, kò sí ọ̀sẹ̀ kan tí Tagbo kò ní rí wàhálà títí tí ó fi dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ajìjàgbara ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní kíláàsì 5 rẹ̀, níbi tí wọ́n ti mú un nígbẹ̀yìn gbẹ́yín.

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iṣẹ́ Ìkẹyìn</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T09:37:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370458260|The Last Duty]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Ìwé ìtàn The Last Duty''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 1976 tí òǹkọ̀wé ará Nàìjíríà Isidore Okpewho kọ. Ìtàn náà wáyé nígbà [[Ogun Abele Nigeria|Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà]] (1967–1970) ó sì dá lórí ìrírí àwọn aráàlú ní agbègbè tí wọ́n ń sọ èdè Urhobo ní Agbègbè Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Àárín. Àríwísí ìwé ṣe àkíyèsí pé iṣẹ́ náà ṣàyẹ̀wò ipò àwọn ẹ̀yà kékeré tí wọ́n mú láàárín àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ ti Nàìjíríà àti orílẹ̀-èdè Biafra tí ó yapa, tí wọ́n ń jìyà ìwà ipá àti ìsá kúrò ní ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Palmer|first=E.|date=1993|title=Isidore Okpewho's The Last Duty|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/IFR/article/view/14167|journal=International Fiction Review|language=en|issn=1911-186X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtẹ̀jáde ==
Longman Group Limited ló kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ìwé ìtàn náà jáde ní ọdún 1976 gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara àwọn ìwé ìtàn Drumbeat rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Isidore|publisher=Longman|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àṣà ==
Àwọn olùròyìn pupọ̀ ló ń ṣàpèjúwe àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ láti ojú-ìwòye tiwọn gan-an, tí wọ́n sì ń ṣe àlàyé—tí ó sábà máa ń ta ara wọn lòdì—ní ọ̀nà àrà-ọ̀tọ̀ tí ó fi ìwà àti ìṣẹ̀dá wọn hàn. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọ̀mọ̀wé Eustace Palmer ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ láti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà tí ó lo ọ̀nà ìtàn-ròyìn (nípa bí a ṣe ń gbé ìtàn kalẹ̀ láti ojú-ìwòye kan pàtó) gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọgbọ́n ìkọ̀wé pàtàkì; irúfẹ́ ọgbọ́n tí ó mú kí &quot;a retí pé kí olùkàwé fúnra rẹ̀ kọ́ òye tàbí àwòrán òtítọ́ tó ní àlàyé jíjinlẹ̀, nípasẹ̀ bíbá àwọn ojú-ìwòye tí ó ta ko ara wọn yanjú&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Felicia Annin àti Cynthia Osei fi ọ̀nà ìṣàríwísí àwùjọ Okpewho wé àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àwàdà Juvenal . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Annin|first1=F.|last2=Osei|first2=C.|date=2020|title=Creating Juvenalian Mirrors in Reading Isidore Okpewho's The Last Duty|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359301218|journal=Journal of Arts and Humanities|volume=9|issue=12|pages=13–23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn kókó pàtàkì ==
Eustace Palmer ṣàpèjúwe Okpewho gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ ohun tó dùn mọ́ni jùlọ nínú gbogbo àwọn òǹkọ̀wé ìtàn Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ti kọ̀wé nípa ogun Biafra,” ó ń jiyàn pé “ìtẹnumọ́ gidi ti ''The Last Duty'' wà lórí ìbàjẹ́ tí ogun fà sí àjọṣepọ̀ ènìyàn”, àti pàápàá jùlọ “ìjìyà ọpọlọ, ti ara, àti ti ìmọ̀lára tí a fi hàn sí àwọn obìnrin.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Don Emenike àti Success Asuzu lo ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àpẹẹrẹ ìwádìí lórí bí àwọn obìnrin ṣe ń lo ìbálòpọ̀ nígbà ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Emenike|first1=D.|last2=Asuzu|first2=S.|date=2023|title=Sexual Exploitation and the Nigerian Civil War: A Study of Isidore Okpewho's The Last Duty|url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/PREORCGESS/article/view/1442|journal=Preorc Journal of Gender and Sexuality Studies|language=en|volume=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chukwuka Nwachukwu àti Urama Nwachukwu gbà pé ìtọ́jú tí ìwé ìtàn náà ṣe sí ìwà ipá ìbálòpọ̀ jẹ́ orísun ìjìyà ní ìfèsìpadà sí ogun náà, ṣùgbọ́n ní ìparí wọ́n jiyàn pé ìwà ìtàn náà jẹ́ àìgbọ́n dípò àìgbọ́n. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwachukwu|first1=C.|last2=Nwachukwu|first2=U.|date=2017|title=Gender, the Nigerian Civil War and Hard Choices: Nihilism or Absurdism in Isidore Okpewho's The Last Duty|url=http://archive.sciendo.com/CLEAR/clear.2017.4.issue-2/clear-2017-0007/clear-2017-0007.pdf|journal=CLEaR|volume=4|issue=2|pages=7–13|doi=10.1515/clear-2017-0007|issn=2453-7128}}&lt;/ref&gt; IA Emenyi tún ṣàyẹ̀wò agbára ipò baba ńlá láti yí obìnrin náà padà, ó sì fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pé àṣàyàn pàtàkì ni ohun ìjà pàtàkì nínú ìjàkadì rẹ̀ fún ìgbésí ayé tó ní ìtumọ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tuntun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Emenyi|first1=I. A.|date=2006|title=Feminization of poverty: A reading of Okpewho's the last duty|url=free|journal=Lwati: A Journal of Contemporary Research|language=en|volume=3|pages=90–97|doi=10.4314/lwati.v3i1.36799|issn=1813-2227}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Funsho Aiyejina ṣàpèjúwe ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “àpẹẹrẹ ìgbéyàwó tó kùnà, ní àkókò yìí, ìgbéyàwó ìṣèlú láàárín onírúurú ẹ̀yà ní Nàìjíríà”. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ismaila|first=A.|title=Historicism as a Literary Discourse: A Study of Isidore Okpewho's The Last Duty, Elechi Amadi's Sunset in Biafra and Biyi Bandele's Burma Boy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abdullahi Ismaila jiyàn pé ìwé ìtàn náà ni a lè túmọ̀ sí “àpẹẹrẹ àfiwé nípa ìbátan ìnilára àti ìnilára àwọn ọmọ ogun Biafra tàbí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ tàbí àwọn alágbára, ti àwọn tí kò ní àǹfààní, àwọn aláìlera àti àwọn tí kò ní olùrànlọ́wọ́”. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Amuta|first=C.|date=1988|title=Literature of the Nigerian Civil War|journal=Perspectives on Nigerian Literature Guardian Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Felicia Annin àti Cynthia Osei ti sọ, “Okpewho ṣe àpèjúwe ní kíkún nípa àwọn ọ̀ràn àìdáa àti búburú, títí bí ìwà ìbàjẹ́, ìwà ibi, àìṣòótọ́ àti àìṣòdodo tí ó ń ba àwùjọ jẹ́.” &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ifeoma Oluwaseyi tẹnu mọ́ kókó ọ̀rọ̀ ìjọ́ba àwọn oníṣẹ́-abẹ́ àti ìfìyàjẹni nínú ìwé ìtàn náà, ó da lórí bí àwọn aláṣẹ ṣe ń hùwà àìtọ́ sí àwọn ènìyàn àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń tàpá sí wọn nígbà ogun. Ó jiyàn pé, Okpewho ṣàyẹ̀wò ojúkòkòrò àti àǹfààní àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ òkè, èyí tí ó ń yọrí sí ìfìyàjẹ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ kékeré nínú àwùjọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Oluwaseyi|first=I.|date=2023|title=Cabalism and Exploitation in War: Okpewho's The Last Duty|url=https://aipublisher.org/resources/article_documents/article_docajahss.5.6.1.pdf|journal=Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chidi Amuta sọ pé ìwé ìtàn náà kan “àwọn ìdè àti àwọn ètò ìpìlẹ̀ àwùjọ bíi ìgbéyàwó àti ìbádọ́rẹ̀ẹ́, èyí sì ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sí àwọn àṣàyàn ìwà rere tó ṣòro nígbà gbogbo.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Amuta|first=C.|date=1988|title=Literature of the Nigerian Civil War|journal=Perspectives on Nigerian Literature Guardian Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lẹ́yìn Ìràwọ̀ Oòrùn (ìtàn àròsọ)</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1219240713|Behind the Rising Sun (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Behind the Rising Sun|title_orig=|translators=|image=File:Behind_the_Rising_Sun_(novel)_book_cover.png|caption=Black Academy Press, Inc. edition|authors=[[Sebastian Okechukwu Mezu]]|illustrators=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|series=|genres=[[war fiction]]|publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann ]]|release_date=1971|media_type=Print ([[Paperback]])|pages=241 pp|isbn=978-0435901134|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}Ìwé ìtàn ogun '''''Behind the Rising Sun''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ogun ọdún 1971 tí a kọ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé àti olóṣèlú ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà Sebastian Okechukwu Mezu . Heinemann ló kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 1971, lẹ́yìn náà ló tún tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 1972 gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara ìwé ìròyìn African Writers Series . Ìwé ìtàn náà ṣàlàyé àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà . &lt;ref name=&quot;Griffiths2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gareth Griffiths|title=African Literatures in English: East and West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S2GPBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA380}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n kà ìwé ìtàn náà sí ìwé àkọ́kọ́ nípa ogun láti ojú ìwòye Biafra. &lt;ref name=&quot;Griswold2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Wendy Griswold|title=Bearing Witness: Readers, Writers, and the Novel in Nigeria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kf7_x8yz430C&amp;pg=PA229}}&lt;/ref&gt;Èyí fi hàn pé ìṣẹ́gun tí Nàìjíríà ní nínú ogun náà kì í ṣe nítorí ọgbọ́n tàbí agbára àwọn ọmọ-ogun Nàìjíríà, bí kò ṣe nítorí àìní agbára tàbí àìtóye àwọn ọmọ-ogun Biafra. &lt;ref name=&quot;Losambe2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lokangaka Losambe|title=An Introduction to the African Prose Narrative|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Co3eCoi1FcC&amp;pg=PA191}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wendy Griswold, olùṣàyẹ̀wò ìwé, ṣàpèjúwe ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ohun tí a kọ́ lọ́nà àìdára” ó sì tẹnu mọ́ ìyàtọ̀ gédégédé láàárín ìparí àtọwọ́dá ti àwọn ìwé ìtàn àti àwọn àfihàn “òdodo” ti ìjìyà nígbà ogun. &lt;ref name=&quot;Griswold2000&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Àkókò Àìsímọ̀</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:16:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355105699|Season of Anomy]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] --&gt;|name=Season of Anomy|title_orig=|translator=|image=Soyinka_Seasonof_Anomy.jpg|caption=Original cover|author=[[Wole Soyinka]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English|series=|genre=[[Satire]]|publisher=|pub_date=1973|english_pub_date=|media_type=Print ([[Paperback]])|pages=336|dewey=|isbn=|preceded_by=[[The Interpreters (novel)|The Interpreters]]|followed_by=}}'''''Season of Anomy''''' eyi ni iwe itan-akọọlẹ keji lati ọwọ Wole Soyinka, ọmọ orilẹ-ede Naijiria ti o jẹ onkọwe ere-ori-itage ati alariwisi ti o ti gba ẹbun Nobel. Ti a tẹjade ni ọdun 1973, o jẹ ọkan ninu awọn iwe itan-akọọlẹ mẹta pere ti a tẹjade lakoko iṣẹ kikọ ti o ni eso pupọ ti Soyinka. Bi o tilẹ jẹ pe a ti ṣe iwadi rẹ jinlẹ gẹgẹbi apakan pataki ti ipa Soyinka ninu iwe-kikọ Afirika, awọn ero oriṣiriṣi lo wa nipa iwe naa, pẹlu awọn alariwisi kan ti wọn ṣapejuwe rẹ gẹgẹbi eyi ti ko ṣaṣeyọri.&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Superman as Master Narrative in Wole Soyinka's Season of Anomy|journal=SAGE Open|date=2015-10-01|issn=2158-2440|volume=5|issue=4|doi=10.1177/2158244015611450|language=en|first=Amechi N.|last=Akwanya|url=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé náà so ìjàkadì orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà kan pọ̀ mọ́ ìtàn ìfẹ́ tó bani nínú jẹ́. Nígbà tí wọ́n rán Ofeyi lọ sí ìpolówó orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ tí a kò dárúkọ, ó dé sí agbègbè etíkun kan tí wọ́n ti ya sọ́tọ̀ fún ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè oníwà ìbàjẹ́ nítorí pé ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀. Ní ọwọ́ kejì ẹ̀wẹ̀, ìpàdé Ofeyi àti Aiyeru yóò ní ìtumọ̀ tó jinlẹ̀. Láìní ìfaradà ní Áfíríkà tí ó ti di ìwọ̀-oòrùn, tí ó sì ní ìjákulẹ̀ pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ rẹ̀, Ofeyi gbé àwọn èrò ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ nípa iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ kalẹ̀ fún Aiyeru, àti àwọn èrò ìyípadà láti mú kí gbogbo àwùjọ sunwọ̀n síi.

== Àwọn Àkòrí ==
Ìwé ìtàn náà ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò “ipa ìfẹ́-ọkàn ẹnìkọ̀ọ̀kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣojú ìyípadà àwùjọ,” ní wíwo àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ẹ̀dá mẹ́rin pàtàkì gbé nínú yíyípadà àwùjọ oníwà ìbàjẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.mediationsjournal.org/articles/crisis-of-representation-in-wole-soyinka|title=Crisis of Representation in Wole Soyinka's Season of Anomy|last=Karim|first=Aisha|date=Spring 2009|journal=Mediations|volume=24|issue=2|issn=1942-2458}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aláriwísí Marxist Aisha Karim ṣàpèjúwe èyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkòrí kan tí ó jọ ìwé ìtàn rẹ̀ mìíràn [[Àwọn Olùtumọ̀ (ìtàn àròsọ)|''The Interpreters'']] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Àwọn alárìíwísí mìíràn ń ṣe àyẹ̀wò àwọn ìyípadà àwùjọ àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀ mìíràn lẹ́yìn ìjọba amúnisìn tí ìwé ìtàn náà ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, alárìíwísí Joseph Obi ṣàpèjúwe ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ìwé tí ó ṣe kedere nípa ìjọba ológun ní Áfíríkà”. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Art, ideology, and the militarized African postcolony: A sociological reading of Wole Soyinka's Season of Anomy|journal=Neohelicon|date=1998-09-01|issn=0324-4652|volume=25|issue=2|first=Joseph E.|last=Obi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obi Maduakor, alárìíwísí, pe ìwé ìtàn náà ní “ìwé ìsìn tó jinlẹ̀,” tó kún fún “àwọn ọ̀ràn ìwà rere”. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Maduakor}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fún Maduakor, ìwé ìtàn yìí dá lórí ìwákiri Ofeyi, olùtúnṣe àwùjọ láti wá àwọn ojútùú ìwà rere àti ìwà rere sí àìdọ́gba, àti pé nígbà míìrán àwọn ojútùú tó dára wọ̀nyí ni a máa ń rí ní àwọn agbègbè àdánidá tàbí ti iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
      <sha1>7py2t47yllh5f4vvod2y9go1i0wmer2</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mercedes mi tóbi ju tìrẹ lọ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84377</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636923</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:17:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336816425|My Mercedes Is Bigger than Yours]]&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="812" sha1="lcczn4re7hzel82p4f5qxqy18xpslky" xml:space="preserve">'''''Ìtàn Mercedes Mi Tobi Ju Tirẹ lọ'''''Jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Nkem Nwankwo, kọ ní ọdún 1975. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde lábẹ́ àkòjọ ìwé *African Writers Series* tí ó ní ipa pàtàkì. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Okeke-Ezigbo|first=Emeka|date=July 1, 1984|title=The Automobile as Erotic Bride: Nkem Nwankwo's My Mercedes Is Bigger Than Yours|journal=Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction|volume=25|issue=4|pages=199–208|doi=10.1080/00111619.1984.9937802|issn=0011-1619}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=NKEM NWANKWO: My Mercedes is Bigger than Yours London: Heinemann, 1975. Pp. 171|date=1975|last=Fletcher, John|journal=University of New Brunswick Libraries Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>lcczn4re7hzel82p4f5qxqy18xpslky</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Àgọ́ onígun mẹ́rin ti Áfíríkà</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84378</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636926</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:20:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ToluT15</username>
        <id>33915</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336110098|African round hut]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fáìlì:The_Hut_(5065803296).jpg|right|thumb| Alága ìbílẹ̀ ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà kan ní Ethiopia]]
'''Ile Afirika oníyíká tí a mọ̀ nínú àwọn ìwé gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé tí ó ní ìpìlẹ̀ oníyíká tí ó sì ní òrùlé oní-pópó (tí ó rí bíi kónì). Ilé yìí ní orúkọ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ní onírúurú èdè ilẹ̀ Afirika. Wọ́n sábà máa ń kọ́ ọ pẹ̀lú ìpìlẹ̀ oníyíká àti òrùlé oní-pópó tí a fi koríko ṣe. Púpọ̀ jùlọ nínú wọn ni a fi amọ̀ kọ́, tí a sì fi koríko àti àwọn ohun èlò àdáyébá ṣe òrùlé rẹ̀. Wọ́n ti ń kọ́ irú ilé bẹ́ẹ̀ fún ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún. A ti rí àpẹẹrẹ irú àwọn ilé amọ̀ wọ̀nyí—tí wọ́n ní òrùlé koríko tí a sì fi amọ̀ trẹ́—ní àwọn agbègbè Ìlà-oòrùn Afirika nígbàanì; àwọn ẹ̀yà abínibí ibẹ̀ ló sì máa ń kọ́ wọn láti lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibùgbé, ní àfikún sí ṣíṣe iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀. Ilé amọ̀ yìí wọ́pọ̀ gidigidi ní àwọn agbègbè ìgbèríko kárí ilẹ̀ Afirika.[1] Wọ́n lè yàtọ̀ síra ní ìrísí àti ìtóbi, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú agbègbè tí a ti kọ́ wọn. [2].'''

== Ìṣe-ilé-kíkọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Manifestos_do_Cape_Town_(38).JPG|right|thumb| Nínú ahéré kan tí ó ń wo òrùlé náà]]
A ka ile-iyẹwu onigun-yika ti ilẹ Afirika si iru ile ti a kọ pẹlu awọn ohun elo ti o wa ni agbegbe naa ni irọrun. A le kọ iru awọn ile wọnyi pẹlu amọ, igbẹ malu, biriki, tabi koriko ni awọn igba miiran. Ile amọ tuntun le duro fun ọdun kan tabi meji, da lori iye ojo ti o rọ ati bi omi ṣe n gbe ilẹ lọ (eroṣọn). A kọ awọn ile wọnyi ni ọna ti wọn fi wa ni ẹgbẹ-ẹgbẹ ni ayika awọn aaye ṣiṣi; eyi n gba afẹfẹ laaye lati wọle ati lati fẹ, eyi ti o si n mu ki inu ile naa tutu ati itura ni oju-ọjọ gbigbona ti agbegbe awọn ilẹ-igbona (tropics).

== Awọn orukọ ati awọn oriṣi ==
[[Fáìlì:Lesotho_Slide_Show_(294).JPG|thumb|250x250px| Rondavel tí kò ní àwọ̀]]
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi tí wọ́n wà, orúkọ ilé ìtura onígun mẹ́rin ti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà lè yàtọ̀ síra.  Àkójọ orúkọ tí wọ́n ń pe àwọn ilé abà ní onírúurú orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà nìyí:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Àwọn agbègbè Áfíríkà
! Orílẹ̀-èdè
! Orúkọ agbègbè
|-
| [[Angola|Àǹgólà]]
| Mbúkúṣú
|-
| [[Bòtswánà|Bọ́tswánà]]
| Dúmélà
|-
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Kóńgò]]
| Kọb/Adobe
|-
| [[Ẹritrẹ́à|Eretiria]]
| Tukul /Agudo
|-
| Etiopia
| Godjo
|-
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́ńyà]]
| Itambi
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| Àwọn ìlú Kraals
|-
| [[Lèsóthò|Lesotho]]
| Mokhoro
|-
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà|gusu Afrika]]
| Rondafeli
|-
| [[Gúúsù Sudan|South Sudan]]
| [[Hotnhial]]
|-
| [[Gánà]]
| Atta Kwame
|}

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sozaboy</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>636927</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:27:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337173801|Sozaboy]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Sozaboy: A Novel in Rotten English|title_orig=|translator=|image=Sozaboy Cover.jpg|caption=First Edition Cover|author=[[Ken Saro-Wiwa]]|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]] / [[Nigerian Pidgin|Nigerian Pidgin English]]|series=|subject=|genre=[[Anti-war novel]]|publisher=Saros International Publishers|pub_date=1985|english_pub_date=|media_type=Print ([[paperback]])|pages=|isbn=9780582236998|oclc=|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}Sozaboy : '''''Ìwé Ìtàn Àròsọ Nínú Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Rotten''''' ,ti a mọ̀ dáadáa gẹ́gẹ́ bí 'Sozaboy' (Soldier Boy), èyí jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ tí ó tako ogun, tí ó sì dá lórí àkókò lẹ́yìn ìṣàkóso àwọn amúnisìn àti àkókò ìgbàlódé tuntun (postmodern); olùkọ̀wé àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́-ọmọnìyàn tí ó ti wàjà, Ken Saro-Wiwa, ló kọ ọ́, wọ́n sì tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 1985.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Immersed in the Storyworld: Rotten English and Orality in Ken Saro-Wiwa's 'Sozaboy'}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Military and the (Re)Making of African Postcolonial Identity in Ken Saro-Wiwa's 'Sozaboy' and Manuel Rui's 'Yes, Comrade!'}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kọ ìwé ìtàn náà ní èdè pidgin  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Saro-Wiwa|first=Ken|date=December 1998|title=Sozaboy|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/039219219804618415|journal=Diogenes|volume=46|issue=184|issn=0392-1921}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, èyí tí ó jẹ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì  tí àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà kan ní, ó sì ní àwọn ànímọ́ àrà ọ̀tọ̀ bíi ṣíṣe ìlọ́po méjì gbogbo ọ̀rọ̀-àpèjúwe tí a lò nínú ìwé ìtàn náà. Àwọn kan kà á sí ohun tó ṣòro láti kà  ìwé ìtàn, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, Ken Saro-Wiwa pèsè ìwé àkójọ ọ̀rọ̀ fún àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí àwọn òǹkàwé èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì òde òní kò mọ̀, èyí tó mú kí ìwé ìtàn náà rọrùn láti kà àti láti lóye rẹ̀.

Ìtàn ìwé yìí wáyé ní àkókò Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà. Mene, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ akọni-ìtàn náà, ní èrò tí kò ní òye tó péye nípa iṣẹ́ ológun. Ó rò pé iṣẹ́ náà yóò sọ ọ́ di àgbàlagbà, yóò mú kí Agnes kíyèsí òun, òun yóò sì ní aṣọ ológun tó dára láti fi yangàn ní abúlé wọn (Dukana); yóò máa kọrin nígbà tí wọ́n bá ń ṣe eré-ìdárayá ológun, yóò sì máa jẹun nígbà mẹ́ta lójúmọ́ láìsí àníyàn kankan. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, nígbà tí ó ti dara pọ̀ mọ́ wọn, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní rí i pé òtítọ́ yàtọ̀ sí èrò rẹ̀; ó ṣòro gidigidi láti lo ọjọ́ púpọ̀ láìjẹun. Iṣẹ́ kíkankíkan àti àwọn obìnrin tó dára. Àwọn ọmọ-ogun mọ bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe àríyá. Àwọn ọmọ-ogun fẹ́ gbogbo ohun tó dára. Mene ṣì jẹ́ ọmọdé lásán ní àgbáyé tí ogun ti gbòde kan. 'Ogun jẹ́ ogun.'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Uwasomba|first=Chijiok|date=2011|title=War, Violence and Language in Ken Saro-Wiwa's 'Sozaboy'|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11059-010-0085-2|journal=Neohelicon|volume=38|issue=2|pages=487–498|doi=10.1007/s11059-010-0085-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀kan lára àwọn apá pàtàkì àti tó lágbára jùlọ nípa ''Sozaboy'' wà nínú ìwádìí èdè tó gbajúmọ̀ rẹ̀. Onkọwe Ken Saro-Wiwa ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ohun tí ó pè ní “Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Rotten,” èdè àdàpọ̀ tí a fi ń ṣàfihàn èdè Pidgin ti Nàìjíríà, èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ó ti ya, èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ó wọ́pọ̀, àti àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àkànlò èdè ìbílẹ̀ — ìyàtọ̀ mímọ̀ láti inú “Gẹ̀ẹ́sì onímọ̀ èdè” àtijọ́.  Èyí mú kí ìwé ìtàn náà jẹ́ iṣẹ́ àtúnṣe ẹwà lẹ́yìn ìjọba amúnisìn àti ìgbésẹ̀ àtakò: nípa kíkọ̀ láti kọ èdè ìjọba amúnisìn bí wọ́n ṣe kọ́ ọ àti bí wọ́n ṣe sọ ọ́ di mímọ́, Saro-Wiwa gba àwọn ìrísí ayé ìbílẹ̀ rẹ̀ padà, ó sì fún àwọn ènìyàn ní ohùn sí àyíká àwùjọ tí wọ́n ti pàdánù. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=James|pages=419–446}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ, nípa gbígbé ìtàn náà kalẹ̀ nígbà ogun abẹ́lé tí a mọ̀ sí Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà (1967–1970), síbẹ̀ tí kò dárúkọ àwọn ẹgbẹ́, ẹgbẹ́, tàbí àwọn ìdámọ̀ ẹ̀yà nínú ìwé náà, ''Sozaboy'' ṣàkópọ̀ ìbẹ̀rù àti àìlóye ogun sí àkàwé gbogbogbò ti ìjìyà àti ìjákulẹ̀ ènìyàn.  Agbègbè ogun tí kò ní orúkọ, tí ó sì jẹ́ àmì, di ibi tí àwọn òǹkàwé ti ń sọ̀rọ̀ nípa rẹ̀, kìí ṣe ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìbànújẹ́ Nàìjíríà nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìbànújẹ́ tí kò lópin ti ọmọ ogun ọmọdé èyíkéyìí, èyíkéyìí ọ̀dọ́ tí kò ní àǹfààní, níbikíbi.

Àkójọ ìtàn náà—láti èrò tí kò tọ́ sí ìjákulẹ̀ búburú—kì í ṣe ìrìn àjò ara ẹni fún olórí ìtàn náà, Mene nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jẹ́ ẹ̀sùn líle koko nípa ogun, ìfiniṣẹ̀sín, àti ìfọ́ àwọn ìrètí ọ̀dọ́ ní àwọn àwùjọ lẹ́yìn ìjọba amúnisìn. Nípa ṣíṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, ''Sozaboy'' farahàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìwé ìtàn tó lágbára jùlọ ní Áfíríkà tó lòdì sí ogun—kì í ṣe fún ìtàn rẹ̀ nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n fún ìgboyà èdè rẹ̀, ìbínú ìwà rere rẹ̀, àti agbára rẹ̀ láti fún àwọn aláìgbọ́ràn ní ohùn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=War, violence and language in Ken Saro-Wiwa's Sozaboy|url=https://www.academia.edu/553872}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320951615|Obi (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|italic title=&lt;!--(see above)--&gt;|name=Obi|image=File:Obi_(novel).png|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=|author=[[John Munonye]]|audio_read_by=|title_orig=|orig_lang_code=|title_working=|translator=|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English|series=[[African Writers Series]]|release_number=45|subject=|genre=[[Literary fiction]]|set_in=|publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]]|publisher2=|pub_date=1969|english_pub_date=|published=|media_type=Print|pages=|awards=|isbn=|isbn_note=|oclc=|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=&lt;!-- for books in a series --&gt;|followed_by=&lt;!-- for books in a series --&gt;|native_wikisource=|wikisource=|notes=|exclude_cover=|website=}}'''''Obi''''' Ó jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn-àròsọ tí John Munonye, ​​òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, kọ. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 1969. Òun ni ìwé kẹtàdínláàádọ́ta nínú àkójọ ìwé &quot;Heinemann African Writers Series&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ogu|pages=93|archive-date=2017-08-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Purcell|pages=15–29}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[File:Domus_romana_Vector002.svg|thumb|364x364px| ''Ilé kan'', pẹ̀lú ''impluvium'' nọ́mbà 7]]
'''''Impluvium''''' ( pl. '''''impluvia''''' ) jẹ́ ètò adágún omi tí a ṣe láti mú omi òjò tí ń ṣàn láti inú ''compluvium'', agbègbè òrùlé kan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome|location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Delos, Carthage, Ampurias The Housing of Three Mediterranean Trading Centres|location=Coppenhagen}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n sábà máa ń gbé e sí àgbàlá, lábẹ́ ihò kan ní orí òrùlé, àti nítorí náà “nínú”, dípò “ìta” ilé kan, ó jẹ́ ohun pàtàkì nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àṣà ìkọ́lé.

== ''Àwọn onímọ̀'' nípa èdè Gíríkì àti Róòmù ==
Nínú àwọn ìwádìí nípa ilé ilẹ̀ Gíríkì àti Róòmù, ''impluvium'' tọ́ka sí apá tí ó rì nínú ilé ilẹ̀ Gíríkì tàbí Róòmù ( ''domus'' ), tí a ṣe láti gbé omi òjò tí ó ń rọ̀ láti inú ''ilé'' orí òrùlé lọ. A sábà máa ń fi mábùlù ṣe é, a sì máa ń gbé e sí nǹkan bí ọgbọ̀n (30)&amp;nbsp;cm ni isalẹ ilẹ atrium, a si tú u sinu adágún omi kan. &lt;ref&gt;John J. Dobbins and Pedar W. Foss, The World of Pompeii, Routledge Press, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-415-47577-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ìkọ́lé àti lílò ===
[[File:I08_159_Haus_des_Menander,_Atrium.jpg|left|thumb| ''Impluvium'' ní àárín gbùngbùn atrium ti Ilé Menander, Pompeii]]
Àyẹ̀wò (láìsí ìwakọ̀) ti ''impluvia'' ní Paestum, Pompeii àti Rome fihàn pé ojú ilẹ̀ tí ó wà ní ''impluvia'' náà ní ihò, tàbí pé àwọn táìlì òkúta tí kò ní ihò náà ni a yà sọ́tọ̀ nípa àwọn àlàfo tó tó láti jẹ́ kí iye omi tí ó pọ̀ tí a mú nínú agbada ''impluvium'' náà lè ṣàn kọjá àwọn ihò náà, àti, lẹ́yìn náà, nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìpele òkúta àti iyanrìn sínú yàrá ìpamọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀. Ihò òkúta yíká tí a fi puteal ṣe ààbò mú kí ó rọrùn láti wọ inú omi ìkọ̀kọ̀ tí a ti yọ́, tí a sì ti tutù nípa ti ara rẹ̀ yìí.

Iru omi bẹẹ ni a ri ni ibomiiran ni awọn ibi gbangba ni ilu naa, pẹlu awọn okuta okuta wọn ti o fihan awọn ilana wiwọ ti a lo pupọ. Ní àsìkò òjò, omi tó pọ̀ jù tí kò bá lè gba inú àlò náà kọjá yóò kún inú agbada náà, yóò sì jáde kúrò nínú ilé náà, àti pé gbogbo èérí tàbí ìdọ̀tí tó bá kù nínú agbada náà ni a lè gbá lọ. Ní ojú ọjọ́ gbígbóná, a lè fa omi láti inú yàrá ìkùukùu (tàbí kí àwọn ẹrú mú láti inú àwọn ohun èlò tí ó wà níta ''ilé'' ) kí a sì jù ú sínú adágún omi tí kò jinlẹ̀ láti gbẹ kí ó sì fún gbogbo atrium ní ipa ìtutù: bí omi náà ṣe ń gbẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tí a fà láti inú ''compluvium'' náà ni a máa ń tutù tí a sì máa ń gbé káàkiri ilé náà láti tutù àwọn ibi ìgbé tí ó yí i ká, irú ìtutù aláìlágbára kan. Àpapọ̀ ''compluvium'' àti ''impluvium'' jẹ́ ọ̀nà ọgbọ́n, tó gbéṣẹ́, tó sì fani mọ́ra láti kó omi òjò jọ, láti sẹ́ àti láti fi tútù.

== ''Ilọsiwaju'' Iwọ-oorun ati Aarin Afirika ==
Denyer, ''Ilé Àṣà Àtijọ́ ti Áfíríkà'', ṣàlàyé irú ìgbékalẹ̀ ''tí kò ṣeé fojú rí'' ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà, níbi tí “àwọn ilé mẹ́rin sábà máa ń kọjú sí ara wọn ní òdìkejì àgbàlá [kan]”. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Denyer|first=Susan|title=African Traditional Architecture|date=1978|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ilé tí a fi “àṣà” kọ́ (ní gidi, irú “ tí a fi clade ṣe”), kò fi dandan ní ''ohun èlò'' tí ó lè mú òjò rọ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Denyer|first=Susan|title=African Traditional Architecture|date=1978|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Èyí tó tún mú kí ọ̀rọ̀ náà túbọ̀ le sí i ni pé àwọn ìwé kan ti so ''àṣà ìkọ̀kọ̀'' Denyer pọ̀ mọ́ ''impluvium'' fúnra rẹ̀, èyí sì mú kí ''impluvium'' tọ́ka sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà láti gba omi, dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ó tọ́ka sí àwọn ètò ilé tí ó wà ní àárín àgbàlá. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Asojo|first=Abimbola|title=REESTABLISHING TRADITIONS: THE ARCHITECTURE OF SACRED SPACES|journal=NAAAS Conference Proceedings|date=1999}} &quot;Impluvium style were houses with four buildings facing one another in a courtyard with gabled roofs,&quot; - this definition conflates impluvium with rectilinear, courtyard-centric planning.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Asojo|first=Abimbola Oluwatoni|title=The Influence of Indigenous Forms, Art, and Symbols on Sacred Spaces: A Study of Two Catholic Churches in Nigeria|journal=Journal of Interior Design|date=2015|volume=40|issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ===
[[File:Enampor-Impluvium1.JPG|thumb| ''Implivium'' ninu ile kan ni Casamance, [[Senegal]]]]
A ti rí ''Implvia'' nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àṣà ìkọ́lé ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn/àárín gbùngbùn Áfíríkà, títí kan ti àwọn [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|ará Igbo]], [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]], [[Ìran Ẹdó|Edo]], Jola &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Constructing Identity: Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Architecture in the Gambia-Geba Region and the Articulation of Luso-African Ethnicity}}&lt;/ref&gt; àti Bamum . Àwọn wọ̀nyí wà ní ìṣọ̀kan: Yoruba ''impluvia'', tí a ń pè ní ''akodi'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Yoruba Palace Gardens}}&lt;/ref&gt; nígbà míìrán a máa ń jẹ́ ìkòkò tí a gbé sí igun àgbàlá onígun mẹ́rin, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Traditional Architecture|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; nígbà tí a máa ń da àwọn kan sínú àwọn ọkọ̀ omi abẹ́ ilẹ̀ ní Ketu, Benin Republic. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=African Traditional Architecture|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn ará ìlú Benin sábà máa ń ní àwọn ilé tí ó ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ''ìdènà'' ní àgbàlá kan tàbí méjì wọn, nígbà míìrán wọ́n máa ń fa omi jáde kúrò nínú ilé náà nípasẹ̀ páìpù. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Nevadomsky àti àwọn ẹlòmíràn ṣe sọ, ''àwọn èròjà'' wọ̀nyí ni a ṣe láti mú omi òjò kúrò kí a lè lo òrùlé tí ó ṣí sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí orísun ìmọ́lẹ̀ àti orísun afẹ́fẹ́ tuntun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=An Ethnographic and Space Syntax Analysis of Benin Kingdom Nobility Architecture}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àpẹẹrẹ ìṣáájú ti jẹ́ onígun mẹ́rin, a lè ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ''ìṣípayá'' Senegal pẹ̀lú yíká àwọn àwòrán ilẹ̀ onígun mẹ́rin; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Constructing Identity: Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Architecture in the Gambia-Geba Region and the Articulation of Luso-African Ethnicity}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí ti di ìpìlẹ̀ fún 'Ẹ̀sùn à Impluvium' ní Ziguinchor, Senegal, ibùdó iṣẹ́ ọ̀nà tí ''Alliance Franco-Sénégalaise'' ń ṣe.

=== Àwọn Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ===
[[File:Benin_House_Plan.jpg|left|thumb| Ètò ilé kan láti Gúúsù [[Nàìjíríà]], orílẹ̀-èdè Benin]]
Àwọn arìnrìn-àjò láti ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún àti ogún sábà máa ń yà wọ́n lẹ́nu láti rí àwọn nǹkan tó jọra pẹ̀lú àṣà àtijọ́ (classical culture) nínú àwọn ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé tí ó ní irú àwọn ànímọ́ bẹ́ẹ̀ kedere: &quot;Ní agbègbè Bamum, irú ilé kékeré kan wà tó dùn mọ́ni láti wò. Nígbà tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ nípa rẹ̀, Ankermann sọ pé: 'Àwọn ilé àwọn ọkùnrin (Herrenhäuser) ní Bamum, ní ìyàtọ̀ sí ti àwọn obìnrin, ní ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé tí ó díjú gan-an. Ó yà mí lẹ́nu gidigidi nígbà tí mo kọ́kọ́ wọlé, tí mo sì rí ara mi nínú ohun tó jọ gangan bíi gbọ̀ngàn ààfin àwọn ará Róòmù (atrium) tí ó ní ibi ìkó-omi-jọ (impluvium) ní àárín rẹ̀, tí òrùlé rẹ̀ sì tẹ̀ síhà àárín, tí àwọn òpó sì gbé e dúró.'&quot;[1] Èyí yọrí sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn èrò-orí tí ó gbìyànjú láti so ètò ìkó-omi-jọ (impluvium) ti Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn àti Àárín gbùngbùn Áfíríkà pẹ̀lú ipa láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ará Gíríìsì àti Róòmù, àwọn ará Íjíbítì, àti àwọn ará Pọ́túgàl.[2][3][4] Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kalaous kọ̀ láti gba èrò pé àwọn ará Pọ́túgàl ló ní ipa lórí rẹ̀, ó kọ̀wé pé &quot;Ó jọ pé ipa láti agbègbè Mediterranean ti ìgbàanì ló ṣeé ṣe jù, ṣùgbọ́n kò pọn dandan pé ó gba ọ̀nà Íjíbítì wá... Dájúdájú, èyí kò fi hàn pé ìbáṣepọ̀ wà láàárín àwọn ará Etruscan àti àwọn ènìyàn agbègbè tí a mọ̀ báyìí sí Gúúsù Nàìjíríà, ṣùgbọ́n ó ṣòro láti ṣàlàyé wíwà irú ilé tí ó ní ibi ìkó-omi-jọ níbẹ̀ (àti ní àwọn ibòmíràn ní Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà) gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láìsí ipa láti ibòmíràn rárá.&quot;[5] Ní ọwọ́ kejì, Denyer ṣàkíyèsí pé &quot;Kò sí ibi tí àwọn ènìyàn lè ti tẹ̀dó ní títóbi tí ó lè wà ní agbègbè yìí [Gúúsù Nàìjíríà] láìsí pé wọ́n ti rí ọ̀nà láti kó omi jọ,&quot; fún lílo ní àkókò gbígbẹ àti láti dènà ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀ tí omi ń fà (erosion).[6] Ní ọ̀nà tí ó ṣe kedere jùlọ, Nevadomsky àti àwọn mìíràn kọ̀wé pé &quot;Kò pọn dandan láti wá ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ láti òde fún ohun tí ó ṣeé ṣe kí ó jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè ara-ẹni ti ètò ààyè àti ìrísí ilé. Ó ṣeé ṣe kí irúfẹ́ ilé tí ó ní ibi gbígba omi òjò sí àárín rẹ̀ (impluvium) ti wá láti inú ipò ojú-ọjọ́ tí oòrùn máa ń mú gidigidi tí òjò sì máa ń rọ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò rẹ̀.[1][2]

== Wo pẹlu ==
{{Commonscat|Impluvia}}

* Àwọn ilé ìgbàanì ti Róòmù
* Àwọn ilé ìkọ́lé ilẹ̀ Gíríkì ìgbàanì
* Àwọn Ilé Ìgbékalẹ̀ Èdè Igbo
* [[Àwọn ilé ìkọ́lé Yorùbá]]
* [[Ilẹ̀ Ọba Benin|Ìjọba Benin]]

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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{{Infobox book|name=Binti|author=[[Nnedi Okorafor]]|image=Binti - book cover.jpg|caption=Paperback edition|cover_artist=[[David Palumbo]]|pages=96|genre=[[Science fiction]], [[Horror fiction|Horror]]|country=Nigeria|language=English|publisher=[[Tor Books]]|pub_date=2015|awards=[[Hugo Award for Best Novella]]&lt;br&gt;[[Nebula Award for Best Novella]]&lt;br&gt;[[Nommo Awards|Nommo Award for Best Novella]]|isbn=978-0-7653-8525-3|followed_by=[[Binti: Home]]|series=''[[Binti Trilogy]]''}}'''''Binti''''' jẹ itan itan-akọọlẹ imọ-jinlẹ ọjọ iwaju Afirika lati ọwọ onkọwe ara ilu Amẹrika Nnedi Okorafor. A ṣe atẹjade novella ni ọdun 2015 nipasẹ Tor.com. Binti ni aramada akoko ninu jara Binti novella ti Okorafor. 

''Binti'' gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀bùn ìwé kíkà tó gbajúmọ̀, títí bí Hugo Award fún Best Novella àti Nebula Award fún Best Novella .   A gbọ́ pé wọ́n ń ṣe àtúnṣe tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní Hulu . 

A mẹnu ba Anyaugo Okorafor, ọmọbinrin onkọwe naa, ninu apakan idupẹ fun &quot;pipese ipilẹ itan iwe yii&quot;.

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ọmọbìnrin kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Binti ni ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ lára àwọn ènìyàn Himba láti ilẹ̀ ayé tí wọ́n gbà sí Yunifásítì Oomza University tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ. Nígbà tí wọ́n sọ fún Binti pé òun gbà á, ó sá kúrò nílé, ó sì wọ ọkọ̀ ojú omi tó ń lọ sí Oomza Uni. Nígbà tí ó ń kọjá lọ, Meduse, ẹranko àjèjì kan tí ó dàbí ẹja jellyfish tí ó ti ń bá Khoush, ẹ̀yà ènìyàn mìíràn, jà, jí ọkọ̀ náà gbé. Lẹ́yìn tí Meduse pa gbogbo àwọn olùgbé ọkọ̀ ojú omi yòókù, Binti padà sí ilé ìgbé rẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó ṣàwárí pé ẹ̀rọ ìgbàanì kan tí ó mú wá láti Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí a pè ní ''edan'' rẹ̀, ń jẹ́ kí ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ taara pẹ̀lú Meduse, àti pé ''otjize'' rẹ̀, irú àdàpọ̀ amọ̀ tí a ṣe láti inú ilẹ̀ ìlú rẹ̀, ní àwọn ohun ìlera tí a bá fi sí àwọn àgọ́ Meduse. Ó bá ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ Meduse tó kéré sí i, tó sì ní orí gbígbóná jù, tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Okwu, ṣọ̀rẹ́, lẹ́yìn náà ó dá àdéhùn ìdádúró láàárín òun àti àwọn ajínigbé náà; ìdádúró ìdádúró náà jẹ́ àyípadà gidi fún Binti. Nígbà tí ó dé yunifásítì, ó lè ṣe àdéhùn àlàáfíà fún ìgbà díẹ̀ láàárín Meduse àti ìran ènìyàn, lẹ́yìn náà ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Oomza Uni ní tààràtà. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=''Binti''|date=2015|publisher=[[Tor.com]]|first=Nnedi|last=Okorafor|authorlink=Nnedi Okorafor|isbn=978-0765385253|url=https://reactormag.com/excerpts-binti-nnedi-okorafor// &lt;!-- Url links to an excerpt; placed in parameter to clear prior formatting errors. Please remove if necessary. --&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ẹ̀bùn àti yíyàn ==

* Olùgbà Ẹ̀bùn Hugo ti ọdún 2016 fún Novella Tó Dáa Jùlọ 
* Olùgbà Ẹ̀bùn Nebula ti ọdún 2015 fún Novella Tí Ó Dáa Jùlọ 
* Olùborí Ẹ̀bùn BookTube SFF ti ọdún 2016 fún Novella Tí Ó Dáa Jùlọ (ìdìbò gbogbogbò) 
* Ẹni tó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ BSFA fún ọdún 2015 fún Ìtàn Kúkúrú Tó Dáa Jùlọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.bsfa.co.uk/bsfa-awards-2015-shortlist-announced/|title=BSFA Awards 2015 Shortlist announced|date=2016-02-08|work=BSFA - The official website of the British Science Fiction Association|archivedate=2017-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ẹni tó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ British Fantasy Award 2016 fún Novella Tó Dáa Jùlọ 
* Ẹni tó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Locus ti ọdún 2016 fún Novella tó dára jùlọ 
* Olùgbà Ẹ̀bùn Nommo ti ọdún 2017 fún Novella Tó Dáa Jùlọ 

== Àwọn tí ó tẹ̀lé e ==
Ìwé ìtàn náà ní ìtẹ̀lé méjì.  A ti tu ''Binti: Home'', àkọ́kọ́ jáde ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kìíní, ọdún 2017.  A ti tu ẹ̀ka kẹta, ''Binti: The Night Masquerade'', jáde ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://us.macmillan.com/bintithenightmasquerade/nnediokorafor/9780765393135/|title=Binti: The Night Masquerade {{!}} Nnedi Okorafor {{!}} Macmillan}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lẹ́yìn náà, DAW / Penguin / PRH ṣe àtẹ̀jáde gbogbo-ẹ̀kọ́ ìwé ìtàn mẹ́ta náà pẹ̀lú ìtàn kúkúrú mìíràn tí àkọlé rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ &quot;Binti: Iná Mímọ́&quot;,  èyí tí ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdènà láàrín ''Binti'' àti ''Home'' .  

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Àwọn Àwòrán Ilé ti Senegal</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:46:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ToluT15</username>
        <id>33915</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365806179|Architecture of Senegal]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3916" sha1="bimd4pyhvt2vc7lyqru55jrn043zbvx" xml:space="preserve">[[Fáìlì:Senegal_postcard_1910.jpg|thumb|251x251px| Káàdì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ Senegal 1910.]]
Senegambia ni orile-ede ode oni ti Senegal ati Gambia. Ilé ìkọ́lé ará Senegambian jẹ́ ilé ìkọ́lé tí ó wá láti orílẹ̀-èdè méjèèjì. Láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún wá, àwọn ilé ìkọ́lé ní àwọn oríṣiríṣi ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé   da lórí ẹ̀yà tàbí agbègbè. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2026-07-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn Ilé Ṣáájú Àkóso Orílẹ̀-èdè Senegal tàbí Àṣà Ìbílẹ̀ ==
Ó jẹ́ ànímọ́ pàtàkì ti ilé ìkọ́lé Senegal nítorí ojú ọjọ́, ó yàtọ̀ gidigidi sí àwọn àṣà ìkọ́lé mìíràn ní Sahel tí ó gbára lé bíríkì amọ̀. Àwọn ilé ìbílẹ̀ sábà máa ń lo ẹrẹ̀, bíríkì, àti igi.  Àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n lò láti kọ́ ilé, mọ́sálásí, àti àwọn irú ilé míràn.


A sábà máa ń fi ahéré yíká ṣe àwọn ilé, tí a fi igi, ewé tàbí koríko ṣe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Depret|first=Roland|title=Reading the Contemporary African City|publisher=Concept Media/Aga Khan Award for Architecture|year=1982|location=Singapore|chapter=The Assimilation of Traditional Practices in Contemporary Architecture|chapter-url=https://architecture-history.org/library/AJ/The%20Assimilation%20of%20Traditional%20Practices%20in%20Contemporary%20Architecture.pdf|archive-date=2026-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;180&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
Fáìlì:Dakar-une-rue-dans-le-village-de-hock-aof-6683f1.jpg| Dakar 1910
Fáìlì:Dakar_village.jpg|alt=Traditional Dakar village| Abúlé ìbílẹ̀ Dakar
Fáìlì:'Rufisque._Le_village_noir;_L'Ouest_Africain',_1914._From.jpg| Dakar 1914
Fáìlì:Cayor_peuls(Fulani).jpg|alt=Cayor Peuls (Fulanis), architectural style| Cayor Peuls (Fulanis), ara ayaworan
Fáìlì:Enampor-Impluvium2.jpg|alt=Modern Hut Reconstruction &quot; Case à impluvium (sur le modèle traditionnel) dans le campement villageois intégré d'Enampor (Casamance, Sénégal). &quot;| Atunṣe Ile-ibi-gbé ti Igba-ode-oni: &quot;Ile 'Impluvium' (ti a kọ ni ibamu pẹlu awoṣe ibile) ninu ibudó ti a ṣeto ni ọna ti o jọ ti abule ni Enampor (Casamance, Senegal).&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Àwọn Ilé Ìtọ́jú Àwọn Amúnisìn ==
Orílẹ̀-èdè Senegal ní ìtàn gígùn pẹ̀lú àwọn ará ilẹ̀ Faransé, níwọ̀n bí wọ́n ti ní àwọn ibùgbé níbẹ̀ láti ọdún 1659.[1] A lè rí àwọn ilé tí a kọ́ ní ọ̀nà àwọn ará ilẹ̀ Faransé káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè Senegal—bíi àwọn hótẹ́ẹ̀lì àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba—tí a sábà máa ń kọ́ nípa lílo àwọn irúfẹ́ ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé kan náà tí wọ́n lò ní àwọn apá ibòmíràn lágbàáyé nígbà ìṣàkóso àwọn ará ilẹ̀ Faransé.[2] Èyí yọrí sí lílo gbígbòòrò ti àwọn ilé tí a kọ́ ní ọ̀nà ìgbàlódé (modernist style).[3]&lt;gallery widths=&quot;180&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
Fáìlì:Dakar_French_Hotel.jpg|alt=Dakar Hotel, built in French architecture| Hótẹ́ẹ̀lì Dakar, tí a kọ́ ní ilé ìkọ́lé ilẹ̀ Faransé
Fáìlì:French_settle_architecture.jpg|alt=French Settler| Olùgbé ilẹ̀ Faransé
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Àṣà Òde Òní ==
Àwọn ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé òde-òní ní Senegal gba àwọn èròǹgbà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ará Yúróòpù àti àwọn ìlànà ìkọ́lé òde-òní, pẹ̀lú àwọn ipa láti ọ̀dọ̀ ẹ̀sìn Mùsùlùmí, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe lè rí i nínú Mọ́sálásí Ńlá ti Dakar.[1]&lt;gallery widths=&quot;180&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
File:Grand_Mosque_of_Dakar_DSC07361-2.jpg|alt=Grand Mosque of Dakar| Mọ́sálásí Ńlá ti Dakar
File:Grand_Mosque_of_Dakar_DSC07363-2.jpg|alt=Grand Mosque of Dakar| Mọ́sálásí Ńlá ti Dakar
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Áfríkà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Àwọn Apẹja (Ìwé ìtàn Obioma)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:58:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340580850|The Fishermen (Obioma novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book||name=The Fishermen|title_orig=|translator=|image=The_Fishermen.jpg|caption=|author=[[Chigozie Obioma]]|cover_artist=|country=|language=[[English language|English]]|series=|genre=|publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company]]|release_date=April 2015|media_type=Print|pages=|isbn=978-0-316-33837-0|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=}}Ìwé àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà Chigozie Obioma kọ ni '''''The Fishermen''''', tí wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2015. Ìwé ìtàn yìí sọ nípa àwọn arákùnrin mẹ́rin kan ní àdúgbò tí ó rọ̀bẹ̀ ní ìlú kan ní Nàìjíríà, àwọn tí wọ́n gbọ́ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ kan tó kún fún ìwà ipá, èyí tí ó sì mì ìdílé wọn gan-an. Ó dá lórí àkókò àwọn ọdún 1990, nígbà ìjọba Sani Abacha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wọ́n yan orúkọ rẹ̀ fún ẹ̀bùn Man Booker ti ọdún 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;bbcshortlist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé ìtàn náà gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìyìn, àti àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò rere láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn alárìíwísí.

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Àwọn arákunrin mẹ́rin—Ikenna, Boja, Obembe, àti Benjamin—bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní peja ní odò Omi-Ala tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní àdúgbò kan tí ó rọ̀bà ní ìlú Akure ní Nàìjíríà, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé àwọn òbí wọn ti kà á léèwọ̀ fún wọn nítorí pé omi náà ti bàjẹ́ gidigidi. Nígbà tí wọ́n lọ peja lọ́jọ́ kan, wọ́n pàdé ọkùnrin oníwèrè kan ládùgbò náà tí a ń pè ní Abulu; ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní tẹ̀lé wọn pẹ̀lú kíkígbe orúkọ Ikenna, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ àgbà nínú àwọn arákunrin náà. Àwọn ọmọ yòókù sá lọ, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn arákunrin mẹ́rin náà dúró láti fetí sí i bí Abulu ṣe ń sọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀: pé Ikenna yóò fọ́jú, yóò di odi, yóò sì di arọ. Ó parí ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé apẹja kan ni yóò pa Ikenna. Ikenna wá rò pé èyí túmọ̀ sí pé ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn arákunrin rẹ̀ ni yóò pa òun, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ní èrò òdì sí wọn díẹ̀díẹ̀. Àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ yìí wá fa ìparun bá ẹbí náà àti àwọn ìrètí tí àwọn òbí wọn ní fún wọn.

== Idagbasoke ati kikọ ==
Obioma ní àwọn arákùnrin méje àti àwọn arábìnrin mẹ́rin, ó sì kọ ìwé ìtàn náà láti fi ṣe ìyìn fún àwọn àbúrò rẹ̀.  Àwọn arákùnrin Obioma méjì jà gidigidi nígbà tí wọ́n wà ní ọmọdé, ohun tí ó rò pé ó jẹ́ àbájáde búburú jùlọ nínú àwọn ìjà wọ̀nyẹn sì mú kí Obioma ní ìtara. &lt;ref name=&quot;updown&quot; /&gt;

== Gbigbawọle ati ibawi ==
Ìwé ìtàn náà ti gba àfiwé pẹ̀lú ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' ní apá kan nítorí ipa pàtàkì tí àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ní nínú ìwé ìtàn kọ̀ọ̀kan. &lt;ref name=&quot;chitribune&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn alárìíwísí kan tako ìjẹ́pàtàkì ìfiwéra náà.  Ó tún tọ́ka sí ìtàn Bíbélì nípa Kéènì àti Ébẹ́lì, a sì ti pè é ní “àtúnsọ” ìtàn náà. &lt;ref name=&quot;chitribune&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn alárìíwísí ló pe ìwé ìtàn náà ní ''Bildungsroman'' nítorí pé wọ́n sọ ọ́ láti ojú ìwòye arákùnrin kan, wọ́n sì ṣe àpèjúwe ìgbà èwe rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-03-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ògbẹ́ni àti Ìyáàfin Dókítà</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84385</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636933</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:00:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368300489|Mr. and Mrs. Doctor]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Mr. and Mrs. Doctor|image=|author=[[Julie Iromuanya]]|language=English|genre=Literary fiction|publisher=[[Coffee House Press]]|pub_date=14 April 2015|media_type=Print|pages=288|isbn=978-1-56689-397-8}}


'''''Ògbẹ́ni àti Ìyáàfin Dókítà''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2015 tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà-Amẹ́ríkà Julie Iromuanya kọ. Ìwé ìròyìn àkọ́kọ́ tí Coffee House Press gbé jáde ni ìwé ìtàn àkọ́kọ́ ti Iromuanya. Ìtàn yìí wáyé ní Nàìjíríà àti Midwestern United States, ó sì tẹ̀lé ìgbéyàwó tí wọ́n ṣètò tí wọ́n gbé ka orí ẹ̀tàn bí ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kan tí ó ṣí wá láti orílẹ̀-èdè náà ṣe ń jìjàkadì láti pa èrò náà mọ́ pé ó ti ṣe ohun tí ìdílé rẹ̀ ń retí láti di dókítà.

Ìwé ìtàn náà jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction, ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize, ọ̀kan lára àwọn tó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Etisalat Award for Literature, wọ́n sì ti yan John Leonard's National Book Critics Circle fún un.

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Job Ogbonnaya, ọmọ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà kan tó ń gbé ní Nebraska, ti lo ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún láti dá àwọn ẹbí rẹ̀ lójú pé òun jẹ́ dókítà tó ń ṣe àṣeyọrí ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ní òótọ́, ó ti fi ilé ìwé ìṣègùn sílẹ̀, ó sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ àwọn iṣẹ́ tí owó wọn kò pọ̀, ó sì ń gbìyànjú láti dáàbò bo ìrísí àṣeyọrí. Nígbà tó padà sí Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà díẹ̀, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fẹ́ Ifi, ẹni tó gbàgbọ́ pé ó fẹ́ dókítà kan tó níyì.

Lẹ́yìn tí tọkọtaya náà ti gbé ní Nebraska, irọ́ tí ó túmọ̀ sí ìgbéyàwó wọn di ohun tí ó ṣòro láti dúró. Iṣoro inawo, awọn titẹ si ilu okeere ati awọn ireti idile n fa wahala ti o pọ si lori ibatan wọn, lakoko ti igbesi aye Jobu, pẹlu igbeyawo ti a ṣe fun awọn idi iṣilọ ilu okeere, pada wa lati halẹ si igbesi aye ti o ti kọ. 

== Kíkọ àti ìtẹ̀jáde ==
Ìwé 'Mr. and Mrs. Doctor' wá láti inú ìfẹ́ tí Iromuanya ní sí ọ̀rọ̀ nípa ṣíṣe àtìlọ-àtíbọ̀ (migration), àwọn ìretí tí ẹbí ní, àti àlàfo tó wà láàárín àlá tàbí ìfẹ́-ọkàn àti òtítọ́ ipò nǹkan. Ìtàn náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìwà àti ipa ti Job, ọmọ Nàìjíríà kan tó lọ máa gbé ní ilẹ̀ òkèèrè; ìpinnu rẹ̀ láti máa tẹ̀síwájú nínú irọ́ pé òun ti di dókítà tó ti ṣe àṣeyọrí ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ló di ìpìlẹ̀ fún ìtàn náà. Bí ìtàn náà ṣe ń lọ síwájú, àkòrí rẹ̀ yí padà láti orí ọ̀rọ̀ irọ́ náà fúnra rẹ̀ sí àwọn ipa tí irọ́ náà ní lórí ìmọ̀lára àti ìgbésí-ayé ara ẹni. 

Wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ ìtàn Ifi nígbà tó yá, ó sì di ohun tó lòdì sí àwòrán ìfẹ́ tí Job ní nípa Nàìjíríà. Iromuanya ti sọ pé ìtàn àròsọ náà fa díẹ̀ lára àwọn ènìyàn tí ó mọ̀ nígbà tí ó ń dàgbà àti ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí àwọn ìtakora tí ó ń ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ìgbésí ayé àwọn aṣíwájú, pàápàá jùlọ ìdààmú láàárín àṣeyọrí òde àti ìjàkadì ara ẹni. 

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Nínú àtúnyẹ̀wò kan, ''Kirkus Reviews'' gbóríyìn fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí Iromuanya ṣe, ó sì ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòrán àṣeyọrí ti ìṣíwájú, ẹrù iṣẹ́ ìdílé àti ìlépa àlá Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbóríyìn fún ìjìnlẹ̀ ìmọ̀lára ìwé ìtàn náà àti bí ó ṣe ṣe àfihàn àwọn ẹ̀dá tí ó wà láàárín àwọn ìfojúsùn àṣà àti àwọn ìfẹ́ ọkàn ara ẹni. 

''Ìwé ìròyìn Publishers Weekly'' ṣàpèjúwe ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòrán dídíjú ti àwọn aṣíwájú orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ń ṣe àdéhùn ìdámọ̀, ìgbéyàwó àti kíláàsì ní Amẹ́ríkà. Àtúnyẹ̀wò náà gbóríyìn fún ìwà Iromuanya, ó sì ṣàkíyèsí pé ìwé ìtàn náà fi ìrírí àwọn aṣíwájú hàn pẹ̀lú ìjìnlẹ̀ àti àánú. 

Nígbà tí Ellen Akins ń ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ìwé ìtàn ''Star Tribune'', ó kọ̀wé pé Iromuanya ń ṣàwárí àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìlérí àlá Amẹ́ríkà àti àwọn òtítọ́ tí àwọn àlejò ń dojú kọ. Ó tẹnu mọ́ bí ìwé ìtàn náà ṣe ń tọ́jú ẹ̀tàn, ìfẹ́ ọkàn àti àwọn ẹrù tí àwọn ohun kikọ rẹ̀ ń gbé. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Review: ''Mr. and Mrs. Doctor''|url=https://www.startribune.com/review-mr-and-mrs-doctor-by-julie-iromuanya-immigrants-caught-in-the-american-dream/307123141/|date=5 June 2015|accessdate=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nígbà tí ó ń kọ̀wé fún ''Wildness'', Ilana Masad ṣàpèjúwe ìwé ìtàn náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí àyẹ̀wò ìfẹ́ ọkàn nípa ìgbéyàwó, ìṣíkiri àti ẹrù-iṣẹ́. Ó gbóríyìn fún ìwà Iromuanya, pàápàá jùlọ ìdàgbàsókè Ifi, ó sì kíyèsí bí ìwé ìtàn náà ṣe ṣàpèjúwe àwọn ìrúbọ tí ìṣíkiri ń béèrè fún. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Awards and honours
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Award
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Category
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Result
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ref.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|John Leonard Prize
|Debut fiction
| {{longlisted}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|''San Francisco Chronicle'' Best Books of 2015
|Best books
|Selected
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Unveiling Etisalat Prize for Literature Shortlisted Authors|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/01/29/unveiling-etisalat-prize-for-literature-shortlisted-authors/|date=29 January 2017|access-date=27 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|''Star Tribune'' Critics' Choice
|Fiction
|Selected
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|Best Minnesota Books
|Fiction
|Selected
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction
|Fiction
| {{Nom}} Finalist
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|[[PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize for Debut Fiction]]
|Debut fiction
| {{Nom}} Finalist
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|[[Ẹ̀bùn 9mobile fún ìwé kíkà|Etisalat Prize for Literature]]
|Fiction
| {{shortlisted}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2017
|Etisalat Prize for Literature
|Fiction
|Runner-up
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay&quot; /&gt;
|}

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Àforíkà</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84386</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636934</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:00:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ToluT15</username>
        <id>33915</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368945671|ArchiAfrika]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4923" sha1="5d9ydhcm4e31n7zmrkwrx8ep5bkuu9s" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;ArchiAfrika jẹ́ àjọ tí kì í wá èrè, tí ó sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí iṣẹ́ ìgbékalẹ̀ ilé ní Áfíríkà.

== Ìtàn ==
Àwọn ayàwòrán ilé [[Nẹ́dálándì|ará Netherlands]] kan, títí kan Antoni Folkers, tí wọ́n ti lo ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún ní Áfíríkà ni wọ́n dá ArchiAfrika sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2001. Nígbà tí wọ́n padà sí Netherlands, wọ́n rí i pé àwọn ilé ìṣẹ̀dá ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà kò mọ̀ rárá ní àwọn ará ìwọ̀ oòrùn ayé, wọ́n sì fẹ́ ṣe nǹkan kan láti yí ipò yìí padà. Lẹ́yìn ìrírí wọn ní Áfíríkà, wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ìkọ́lé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà àti ìtàn ìkọ́lé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà jẹ́ ọlọ́rọ̀ ní jíjinlẹ̀ àti onírúurú àti pé gbogbo ayé ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àǹfààní láti jèrè láti inú ipò tó lágbára ti àwọn ayàwòrán ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà nínú ìjíròrò ìkọ́lé àgbáyé àti ìmọ̀ púpọ̀ sí i nípa Ìkọ́lé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ní gbogbogbòò.

== Iṣẹ́ ajé ==
Ète ArchiAfrika ni láti fi àwòrán ilé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà sí orí àwòrán ilẹ̀, láti rí i dájú pé àwòrán ilé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà wà nínú ìjíròrò àwòrán ilẹ̀ kárí ayé, láti ṣe àfikún sí òye àti ìdàgbàsókè àwòrán ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà nípa fífúnni ní pẹpẹ fún pípààrọ̀ ìmọ̀ àti ìwífún nípa àwọn ìgbòkègbodò, àwọn ènìyàn àti àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ó ń ṣe pẹ̀lú àwòrán ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, àti láti ru ìjíròrò láàrín Áfíríkà àti gbogbo àgbáyé lórí àwòrán ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà sókè.

== Àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ ==
Àwọn tí ArchiAfrika fojú sí pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ni àwọn oníṣẹ́-ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé, àwọn oníṣètò ìlú, àwọn olùkọ́, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti àwọn onímọ̀ nípa iṣẹ́-ọ̀nà ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tó jẹ mọ́ àṣà, ìjọba, àti ọ̀rọ̀ ilé-gbígbé.

== Ètò ọgbọ́n ==
ArchiAfrika fẹ́ dé ibi tí a ti mẹ́nu kàn án yìí nípa:

* gbigba data lori ile-iṣẹ Afirika ati ṣiṣe data yii ni wiwọle si ẹgbẹ afojusun nipasẹ
** oju opo wẹẹbu kan
** [http://www.searchingafricanarchitecture.org/ ẹ̀rọ àwárí lórí ìṣètò ilé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà]
** ìwé ìròyìn lórí ìkọ́lé ilé ní Áfíríkà
* Ṣíṣeto àwọn ìpàdé lórí àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ tó yàtọ̀ síra tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìkọ́lé ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà
* ìwádìí tó ń múni láyọ̀ lórí ilé ilé ní Áfíríkà
* ṣíṣẹ́ lórí àwọn iṣẹ́ akanṣe tí ó ń mú kí àwọn ilé ìgbàlódé ti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà wọ inú ìjíròrò àti ìṣe ti Ilé Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn.

== Àwọn Iṣẹ́ Àkànṣe ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091219111409/http://africanperspectives.info/ Àwọn ojú ìwòye Áfíríkà]
** Oṣù Keje 2005 – Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Àwọn àwòrán òde òní ní Ìlà Oòrùn Áfíríkà nípa òmìnira
** Okudu Kẹfà ọdún 2007 - Kumasi, Ghana: Àwọn Ilé-ọnà Áfíríkà Lónìí\
** Oṣù Kejìlá 2007 – Delft, Netherlands: Àwọn Ìwòye Áfíríkà 2007 – Ìjíròrò lórí Ìlú àti Ìṣẹ̀dá Ilé
** Oṣù Kẹsàn 2009 – Pretoria/Tshwane, Gúúsù Áfíríkà: Àwọn Ìwòye Áfíríkà 2009 – ILÉ-ÌṢẸ́GUN Ìlú Áfíríkà: (àtún) ti gba
* The African House - Past, Present and Future 
* Documentation centre on African Architecture 
* Mtoni Palace Publication 
* [http://www.searchingafricanarchitecture.org/ Wiwa Awọn Ile-iṣẹ Afirika]

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725013511/http://www.archiafrika.org/files/ArchiAfrika%20PP_0.pdf Ètò Ìlànà ArchiAfrika 2009-2012]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725013545/http://www.archiafrika.org/files/ArchiAfrika%20AR_0.pdf Ìròyìn Ọdọọdún ArchiAfrika 2007]

== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091125004123/http://www.archiafrika.org/ Oju opo wẹẹbu ArchiAfrika]
* [http://www.searchingafricanarchitecture.org/ Wiwa Awọn Ile-iṣẹ Aṣa Afirika: Ibudo ori ayelujara si awọn iwe aṣẹ lori Ile-iṣẹ Aṣa Afirika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091219111409/http://africanperspectives.info/ Àwọn Ìwòye Áfíríkà: Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìpàdé lórí Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀kọ́ Ìlú àti Ìṣẹ̀dá Ilé ní Áfíríkà]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090404195247/http://architectafrica.com/many-words-for-modern Fíìmù Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ Ọ̀rọ̀ fún Òde Òní: Ìwádìí nípa Ilé Ìṣẹ̀dá Òde Òní ní Tanzania]

== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Africa|Architecture}}{{Africa in topic|Architecture of}}{{Africa topics}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ti Afirika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>636935</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:01:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319259527|Of Africa]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4201" sha1="jyf5ltapo5ggb6rbmm7bs06izr5hciu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|author=Wole Soyinka|isbn=0-300-19833-7|name=Of Africa|language=[[English language|English]]|country=Nigeria|genre=Historical event|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|image=Of Africa.jpg}}Ìwé '''''ti Africa''''' jẹ́ ìwé ti [[Wọlé Sóyinká|Wole Soyinka]] kọ ní ọdún 2012. Ìwé náà dá lórí [[àṣà]], [[ẹ̀sìn]], [[ìtàn]], ìrònú àti ìdámọ̀ Áfíríkà, ó sì ń ṣàyẹ̀wò bí ìgbà àtijọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe so pọ̀ mọ́ ti àwọn ẹlòmíràn. Ó tẹnu mọ́ àwọn ìwà rere Áfíríkà, títí kan ìwà ènìyàn rẹ̀, ìníyelórí ara ẹni, àti àwọn ọ̀nà [[mwod:stewardship|ìtọ́jú]] àyíká, tí ó ní àwọn apá ti ara àti èyí tí a kò lè fojúrí nínú rẹ̀. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé [[Wọlé Sóyinká|Soyinka]] gbà pé àwọn ìpèníjà tó lágbára [[Áfríkà|ní Áfíríkà]], ó kọ̀ láti jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn ṣẹ́gun, ó sì ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò àwọn ọ̀ràn láti ìtàn títí dé ìdàgbàsókè ìṣàkóso Ọlọ́run lọ́nà tó ṣe kedere.  Ó ń kojú àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ tó díjú bíi ẹ̀tanú ẹ̀yà, ìjà láàárín ẹ̀yà, àti ipa tí àwọn ààlà ìjọba amúnisìn fi lé [[Ìbínibí|orílẹ̀-èdè]] . Àyẹ̀wò Soyinka tún ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ipò Áfíríkà nínú ọkàn ẹni tó ń kà á, ó sì ń ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ọ̀nà sí ọjọ́ iwájú tí àlàáfíà àti agbára ara-ẹni túmọ̀ sí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Soyinka|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19833-1|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ yìí dá lórí àyẹ̀wò jíjinlẹ̀ nípa àwọn ànímọ́ àti àwọn ìpèníjà pàtó tí ó jẹ́ ti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Wole Soyinka ṣe tẹnu mọ́ ọn. Ní fífi ìtẹnumọ́ hàn sí àwọn ohun iyebíye àdánidá ilẹ̀ náà tí ó kọjá àwọn ohun-ìní ti ara nìkan, Soyinka ṣe àfihàn àwọn ọ̀nà onírúurú tí àwọn ènìyàn Áfíríkà fi ń wo nǹkan, tí wọ́n fi ń ṣe ìdáhùn, tí wọ́n sì ń bá àwọn ẹlòmíràn ṣe ìbáṣepọ̀, pẹ̀lú ipa pàtàkì tí ilẹ̀ náà kó nínú ìtàn àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀. Ó tẹnumọ́ pàtàkì lílóye ẹ̀dá ènìyàn, iyì ara-ẹni, àti ojúṣe ìtọ́jú àyíká ní ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, ó sì tọ́ka sí wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àfikún tí kò níye lórí sí àlàáfíà àti ìdàgbàsókè àgbáyé. Láàárín àwọn ìjíròrò nípa àwọn ànímọ́ òdì àti bí àwọn ẹlòmíràn ṣe ń wo ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, Soyinka tẹnumọ́ bí ìgbàanì àti ìgbà-ìsinsìnyí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ṣe ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn apá yòókù nínú ayé. Ìtàn náà ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò àwọn ìrírí àti ojú-ìwòye onírúurú nípa ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, láti ìwòye ìyìn títí dé ti ẹ̀gàn, ó sì ń fi àwọn ìdáhùn àti ìwà onírúurú tí àwọn ènìyàn ní sí ilẹ̀ náà hàn. Nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìrírí ara-ẹni àti àṣàrò, ìtàn náà ṣàlàyé àwọn kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ dídíjú nípa ìdánimọ̀ àwọn ọmọ Áfíríkà, ó sì tako àwọn èrò àṣìṣe tí ó wọ́pọ̀ nípa wọn.

== Yíyàn èdè ==
A le pe yiyan ede ti a lo ninu iwe yii ni ede ti o yege, ti o ronu jinle, ti o si ni imoran, ati lilo awon iranti lori esin, asa, ati awon ilana ile Afirika tun wa. Ó ń lo èdè ìbílẹ̀ láti fi àwọn èrò àti èrò tó díjú hàn nígbà tí ó ń mú kí ó máa ronú jinlẹ̀. Èdè náà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwòrán àpèjúwe, ó ń sọ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ [[ìtàn]] kan, ó sì ń gbìyànjú láti ṣàlàyé bí Soyinka ṣe ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa àwọn ànímọ́ àti ìpèníjà Áfíríkà. Ni afikun, o ni ọna itan lati jiroro awọn ipade ati awọn oju-iwoye lori Afirika, ti o tẹnumọ oniruuru awọn ihuwasi ati awọn iwa si [[Orílẹ̀|kọntinia]] naa. Ni gbogbogbo, yiyan [[Èdè|ede]] naa n ṣiṣẹ lati mu awọn onkawe wa ni idanwo ironu nipa idanimọ ati awọn ironu Afirika. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>A bí i ní ọjọ́ ìṣẹ́gun</title>
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        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354938182|Born on a Tuesday]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Born on a Tuesday|image=File:Born on a Tuesday.jpg|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=First edition|author=[[Elnathan John]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|genre=[[Literary Fiction]]|set_in=|publisher=[[Grove Press]]&lt;ref name=&quot;KIK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/elnathan-john/born-on-a-tuesday/|title=BORN ON A TUESDAY &amp;#124; Kirkus Reviews|access-date=15 August 2021|date=15 February 2016|via=[[Kirkus Reviews]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; (first edition)|publisher2=|pub_date=3 May 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;KIK&quot;/&gt;|published=|media_type=Print ([[paperback]])|pages=256 pp (first edition)|awards=|isbn=978-0-8021-2482-1|isbn_note=(first edition)|oclc=1082440089|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=[[Be(com)ing Nigerian]]|website=}}


'''''A bí i ní ọjọ́ ìṣẹ́gun''''' ni ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2016 láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé Nàìjíríà Elnathan John . Ìwé ìtàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ni.   Black Cat ló tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 2016, àmì Grove Press sì ni wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|dateformat=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Dantala ni akọni ninu iwe 'Born on a Tuesday'—itan kan ti o da lori igbesi-aye, ifẹ, ọrẹ, ati pipadanu—o jẹ ọdọmọkunrin kan lati idile Sheikh ti o n gbiyanju lati koju awọn iyatọ ti o wa ninu ọrọ ẹsin ati oṣelu ni Ariwa-Iwọ-oorun Naijiria.

Dantala gbé láàárín àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun kan tí wọ́n gbèrò láti da ìdìbò rú, èyí tí ó fa ìbọn sẹ́yìn, tí ó sì fipá mú Dantala láti sá àsálà fún ẹ̀mí rẹ̀.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Elnathan John's debut novel out November 12|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/192825-elnathan-johns-debut-novel-out-november-12.html|last1=Times, Premium|date=|accessdate=15 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ní ọdún 2016, wọ́n yan án fún ẹ̀bùn Nàìjíríà fún ìwé kíkà . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|location=Lagos, Nigeria|author=Florence Utor|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bákan náà, ní ọdún 2017, wọ́n ti yan án fún [[ẹ̀bùn 9mobile fún ìwé kíkà]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Admin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n tún yan orúkọ rẹ̀ fún ẹ̀bùn Republic of Consciousness,  Ó tún gba ẹ̀bùn Betty Trask fún ''Born ní ọjọ́ ìṣẹ́gun'' .  Ó wà lára àwọn ìwé mẹ́wàá tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2019 láti ọwọ́ [[Channels TV|Channels Television]] . 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>redm8wqcdxsdvvkd50uvl70oae5j2nh</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ọmọbìnrin Ọba Aláǹtakùn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>636937</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:04:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359233480|The Spider King's Daughter]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=The Spider King's Daughter|image=File:The Spider King's Daughter.jpg|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=First edition|author=[[Chibundu Onuzo]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|genre=[[Literary Fiction]], [[Romance novel|Romance]]|set_in=[[Lagos|Lagos, Nigeria]]|publisher=[[Faber and Faber]]|publisher2=|pub_date=1 March 2012|published=|media_type=Print ([[paperback]])|pages=304 pp (first edition)|isbn=9780571268894|isbn_note=(first edition)|oclc=814446865|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=|website=}}


Ìwé ìtàn '''''àròsọ The Spider King’s Daughter''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2012 tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà Chibundu Onuzo kọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/02/books/review/welcome-to-lagos-chibundu-onuzo.html|title=Going AWOL in Africa's Largest City|date=2 August 2018|accessdate=20 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹta ọdún 2012, láti ọwọ́ Faber àti Faber .    

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé ìtàn yìí dá lórí Abike Johnson àti Runner G. Runner G jẹ́ ẹni tí ó jáwọ́ nínú ẹ̀kọ́ ní ilé-ìwé gíga, tí ó sì máa ń ta yíyẹ́lọ́ọ̀ (ice-cream) ní àwọn òpópónà ìlú Èkó. Àwọn méjèèjì pàdé ara wọn—Abike Johnson, ẹni tí a lè pè ní ọmọ tí a ti ba jẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú tó pọ̀ jù. Ìbáṣepọ̀ wọn túbọ̀ ń lágbára sí i bí Abike ṣe ń kọ́ láti bá Runner G gbé ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ipò rẹ̀. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=7 March 2014|url=James Murua}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=Ainehi Edoro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
''Ọmọbìnrin Ọba Spider'' ló gba ẹ̀bùn Betty Trask ti ọdún 2013.  àti ní ọdún 2012 ni wọ́n yan ẹni tí yóò gba ẹ̀bùn Dylan Thomas  àti ẹ̀bùn ìwé Commonwealth Book .  Ní àfikún, ìwé ìtàn náà wà ní àkójọpọ̀ fún ẹ̀bùn Desmond Elliott  àti fún ẹ̀bùn Etisalat fún ìwé kíkà ní ọdún 2013. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Blackbird (Ìtàn Dibia)</title>
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        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348226024|Blackbird (Dibia novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Blackbird|image=File:Blackbird (Dibia novel).jpg|caption=First edition|alt=|author=Jude Dibia|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=Nigeria|language=|series=|subject=|genre=[[Drama]]|publisher=Jalaa Writers' Collective|published=2011|media_type=|pages=|awards=|isbn=|oclc=|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=|wikisource=}}


'''''Blackbird''''' jẹ aramada ti ọdun 2011 lati ọwọ onkọwe ọmọ orilẹede Naijiria Jude Dibia ti ẹgbẹ JALAA Writers' Collective tẹ jade. Ìwé ìtàn kẹta ti Dibia tẹ̀lé ìtàn tó díjú nípa ìfẹ́ àti ẹ̀san tí a gbé kalẹ̀ sí àyíká àwùjọ àti ìṣèlú Nàìjíríà òde òní, tí a sábà máa ń sọ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìrántí àti àlá . &lt;ref name=&quot;Blackbird&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dibia|first=Jude|title=Blackbird|location=Lagos}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé *Blackbird* bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbáyè-sílẹ̀ fún ìkọlù ilé kan pẹ̀lú lílo ohun-ìjà. Àwọn ọkùnrin mẹ́ta—Scorpion, Razor, àti Cobra—ń jíròrò àwọn kúlẹ̀kúlẹ̀ bí wọ́n ṣe máa ṣe ìwà-ọ̀daràn wọn ní àgbàlá ilé ọlọ́rọ̀ kan; ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí a wá mọ̀ nígbà tó yá pé ó jẹ́ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìfipá-bálòpọ̀ àti pípa Katherine Cole, obìnrin kan tí ó lókìkí láàárín àwọn ọlọ́rọ̀ àti gbajúmọ̀. Ìpànìyàn Cole yìí di kókó pàtàkì nínú ìwé náà, ó sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣùwọ̀n láti wo bí àwọn ènìyàn ṣe ń wo ọ̀rọ̀ nípa ẹ̀yà àti bí ènìyàn ṣe lè gòkè àgbà nínú àwùjọ láàárín àkókò tí ìbàjẹ́ ti gbilẹ̀ nínú ètò ìjọba àti nígbà tí ìdàgbàsókè ìlú ń wá pẹ̀lú ìwà-ipá. (Àpèjúwe Dibia nípa ìgbésí-ayé ojoojúmọ́ ní ìlú ńlá ní Nàìjíríà ṣe pàtàkì gan-an, ó sì ń tọ́ka sí bí àwọn ìwà-ọ̀daràn, ìbàjẹ́, àti àìdọ́gba nínú ọ̀rọ̀-ajé ṣe wọ́pọ̀ tó.)

Lẹ́yìn náà, ìtàn náà yí padà sí Maya àti Omoniyi, àwọn òbí ọmọ Deji, ọmọ kan tí ó ní àrùn leukemia . Fún Maya àti Omoniyi, ó ṣòro láti gbọ́ bùkátà ọmọ wọn fún ìtọ́jú. Omoniyi di ẹni tí àìníṣẹ́ ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ sí, wọ́n sì lé e kúrò ní iṣẹ́ ọ́fíìsì rẹ̀ ní ilé iṣẹ́ bàtà; wọ́n fipá mú Maya láti kọrin ní ilé oúnjẹ àdúgbò rẹ̀ kí ó lè fi kún owó tí ìdílé rẹ̀ ń rí gbà. Àmọ́, oríire ìdílé máa ń yípadà nígbà tí olùdarí hótéẹ̀lì ọlọ́rọ̀ kan, Edward, bá Maya sọ̀rọ̀ lẹ́yìn ìṣeré rẹ̀ níbi àríyá àdáni kan. Wọ́n fún Omoniyi àti Maya ní iṣẹ́, yàrá, àti oúnjẹ ní The Oasis Hotel, wọ́n sì gbà wọ́n.

Nibayi, Edward ati iyawo re, Nduesoh, n jiya irora ojoojumọ ti igbeyawo ti ko baamu. Nítorí pé ó nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí Nduesoh fún ìrísí “àrà ọ̀tọ̀” rẹ̀, Edward ṣe ìgbésí ayé fún tọkọtaya náà láìsí ohunkóhun tí Nduesoh ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀, nígbà tí ó ń lo ètò ìdàgbàsókè láti lé àwọn aláìní ìlú kúrò. Ó ń ṣe àṣeyọrí nínú ipa rẹ̀ láàrín àwọn ìyàwó ọlọ́rọ̀ mìíràn, ó ń ṣọ̀fọ̀ nípa ìpínyà ẹ̀yà láàárín àwùjọ àwọn olókìkí rẹ̀ àti àwọn àhesọ tó yí ìwà àìṣòótọ́ Edward ká.

Ìgbésí ayé àwọn tọkọtaya méjèèjì yìí dojúkọ ara wọn nígbà tí Edward pe Maya láti kọrin ní hòtẹ́ẹ̀lì náà. Láìpẹ́ tí Nduesoh jowú ọmọbìnrin náà, ó darí ìbínú àti ìmọ̀lára rẹ̀ tí ó ti bàjẹ́ sí Omoniyi, ẹni tí ó fi agbára mú ara rẹ̀ bí ó ti ń gbá yàrá ìwẹ̀ rẹ̀ mọ́.  Nígbà tó yá, Omoniyi gbọ́ nípa àfiyèsí Edward sí Maya, ó sì dìtẹ̀ mọ́ Nduesoh nínú àdìtẹ̀ láti lé ọkọ rẹ̀. Nítorí ojúrere tí ọ̀rẹ́ àtijọ́ kan ní fún un, Omoniyi pe Ade (tí a tún mọ̀ sí &quot;Scorpion&quot;), ọ̀daràn kan ní àdúgbò náà láti tẹ̀lé gbogbo ìgbésẹ̀ Edward.

Arábìnrin Nduesoh, Idara, ti fẹ́ ìyàwó Gabriel, ọlọ́pàá àdúgbò kan tí ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí ọ̀ràn Scorpion. Nígbà tí Idara rí àwòrán Scorpion àti àwọn mìíràn nínú ìwé tí ọkọ rẹ̀ kọ, ó fi ẹ̀sùn kan àwọn ọlọ́pàá nípa ibi tí Scorpion wà. Nínú ìkọlù ọlọ́pàá tí àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Scorpion ṣe tí wọ́n sì dáwọ́ dúró, wọ́n pa Nduesoh àti Gabriel. Fún ẹ̀sùn ìdìtẹ̀ àti fún fífi àwọn ọ̀daràn tí wọ́n ń wá pamọ́ sí àhámọ́, wọ́n fi Edward àti Omoniyi sí àhámọ́. Kí wọ́n tó tú u sílẹ̀, Edward sọ fún Ominiyi pé wọ́n rí òkú Maya náà.

Omoniyi máa ń kọ̀wé sí ìyàwó rẹ̀ tó ti kú lójoojúmọ́, Deji sì máa ń tọrọ àforíjì fún ìlọ́wọ́ rẹ̀. Níkẹyìn, wọ́n tú u sílẹ̀ sí àhámọ́ àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, Ogoma, ẹni tí ó sọ fún un pé ìyàwó rẹ̀ wà láàyè ní tòótọ́. Maya kò lè dé ọ̀dọ̀ Omoniyi ní ẹ̀wọ̀n, ó sì ṣiyèméjì pé òun kò jẹ̀bi rárá, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ fún ìgbà díẹ̀. Nígbà tí Omoniyi gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ lẹ́tà tí ó ń kọ, Maya dáríjì ọkọ rẹ̀, ó sì gbàgbọ́ nínú ìtàn rẹ̀. Ìwé ìtàn Dibia parí nípa àwòrán ẹyẹ dúdú kan tó ti fún ẹ̀mí Omoniyi lágbára nínú ẹ̀wọ̀n. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blackbird&quot; /&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tk1x1walbn0fb0rr7gnfzr5132nlpdj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Samuel Adedayo Abe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84391</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636939</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:12:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Oju ewe tuntun</comment>
      <origin>636939</origin>
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      <text bytes="813" sha1="9dqt0xycigr72hnnj3eaiguhtqfrofu" xml:space="preserve">'''Samuel Adedayo Abe''' jẹ́ Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù Ìjọ Anglikani ti Ẹ̀kìti ní ọdún 2007, lábẹ́ Ẹ̀ka Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ndọ́ (Ondo Province) ti Ìjọ Anglikani ní Nàìjíríà.
Abe fẹ̀yìntì ní ọdún 2012 gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì àti Àgbẹ́kọ̀/Áọ́bìṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀ka Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ndọ́. 
Chris Omotunde ló rọ́pò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì, nígbà tí George Olatunji Lasebikan sì rọ́pò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àgbẹ́kọ̀ ti Ọ̀ndọ́.

Wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì ní ọdún 1998, lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì ti Samuel Akinbola. Wọ́n tún yàn án fún ìgbà kejì gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àgbẹ́kọ̀ ti Ọ̀ndọ́ ní ọdún 2007.</text>
      <sha1>9dqt0xycigr72hnnj3eaiguhtqfrofu</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>636940</id>
      <parentid>636939</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:13:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
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      <text bytes="832" sha1="ou2jqn8upvtfutlwh1ouu5llniys6o9" xml:space="preserve">'''Samuel Adedayo Abe''' jẹ́ Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù Ìjọ Anglikani ti Ẹ̀kìti ní ọdún 2007, lábẹ́ Ẹ̀ka Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ndọ́ ti Ìjọ Anglikani ní Nàìjíríà.
Abe fẹ̀yìntì ní ọdún 2012 gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì àti Àgbẹ́kọ̀/Áọ́bìṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀ka Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ndọ́. 
Chris Omotunde ló rọ́pò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì, nígbà tí George Olatunji Lasebikan sì rọ́pò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àgbẹ́kọ̀ ti Ọ̀ndọ́.

Wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì ní ọdún 1998, lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì ti Samuel Akinbola. Wọ́n tún yàn án fún ìgbà kejì gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àgbẹ́kọ̀ ti Ọ̀ndọ́ ní ọdún 2007.

==Àwon Ìtókasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>ou2jqn8upvtfutlwh1ouu5llniys6o9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>636941</id>
      <parentid>636940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:20:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aderiqueza</username>
        <id>22884</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikilinked+Ìtókasí</comment>
      <origin>636941</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1094" sha1="lwem3gou4r448i7pwbc2i0rh3apy2ag" xml:space="preserve">'''Samuel Adedayo Abe''' jẹ́ Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù Ìjọ Anglikani ti Ẹ̀kìti ní ọdún 2007, lábẹ́ [[w:Anglican Province of Ondo|Ẹ̀ka Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ndọ́ ti Ìjọ Anglikani ní Nàìjíríà]].&lt;ref name=&quot;r853&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Province of Ondo | website=Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion) | date=2020-03-26 | url=https://anglican-nig.org/our-provinces/ecclesiastical-province-of-ondo/ | access-date=2026-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Abe fẹ̀yìntì ní ọdún 2012 gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì àti Àgbẹ́kọ̀/Áọ́bìṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀ka Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ndọ́. 
Chris Omotunde ló rọ́pò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì, nígbà tí George Olatunji Lasebikan sì rọ́pò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àgbẹ́kọ̀ ti Ọ̀ndọ́.

Wọ́n yàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bíṣọ́ọ̀pù ti Ẹ̀kìtì ní ọdún 1998, lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì ti Samuel Akinbola. Wọ́n tún yàn án fún ìgbà kejì gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àgbẹ́kọ̀ ti Ọ̀ndọ́ ní ọdún 2007.

==Àwon Ìtókasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>lwem3gou4r448i7pwbc2i0rh3apy2ag</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ìlú Ajẹran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>636943</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:28:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344462039|The Carnivorous City]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=The Carnivorous City|image=File:The_Carnivorous_City_book_cover.jpg|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=|author=[[Toni Kan]]|audio_read_by=|title_orig=|orig_lang_code=|title_working=|translator=|illustrator=|cover_artist=|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=|series=|release_number=|subject=|genre=|set_in=[[Lagos]]|publisher=[[Cassava Republic Press]]|publisher2=|pub_date=|english_pub_date=|published=2016|media_type=|pages=|awards=|isbn=|isbn_note=|oclc=|dewey=|congress=}}'''&quot;The Carnivorous City&quot;''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àròsọ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Toni Kan. Èyí ni ìwé kejì rẹ̀ àti ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dailytrust.com/toni-kans-carnivorous-city-will-eat-you-up/|title=Toni Kan's ''Carnivorous City'' Will Eat You Up|first=Aliyu|last=Kwaifa|date=8 July 2017|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|access-date=25 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Cassava Republic Press sì tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 2016. Ìtàn náà dá lórí àwọn ìjàkadì ìgbésí-ayé àwọn ènìyàn ní ìlú Èkó.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Review: Kan's ''The Carnivorous City'' is a human struggle|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/review-kans-the-carnivorous-city-is-a-human-struggle/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|first=Victor|last=Adedayo|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|date=11 November 2017|access-date=25 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;Michael Sears, láti ilé-iṣẹ́ New York Journal of Books, ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé ìtàn ìrírí nípa ìlú Èkó..  

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>omkidu1xl4ap1kr1x20k3kh345tj036</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ẹ kú àbọ̀ sí Èkó (ìtàn tuntun)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>636944</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:30:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1240679787|Welcome to Lagos (novel)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Welcome to Lagos|image=File:Welcome to Lagos (novel).jpg|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=2017 [[Faber &amp; Faber]] edition|author=[[Chibundu Onuzo]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|genre=[[Literary Fiction]], [[Romance novel|Romance]]|set_in=[[Lagos]], Nigeria|publisher=Catapult &amp; Co.&lt;br&gt;[[Faber &amp; Faber]]|publisher2=|pub_date=1 May 2016|published=|media_type=Print ([[hardcover]])|pages=304 pp (first edition)|isbn=978-1-936787-80-7|isbn_note=(first edition)|oclc=993037824|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=|followed_by=|website=}}'''''Ẹ kú àbọ̀ sí Èkó''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2016 tí òǹkọ̀wé Nàìjíríà [[Chibundu Onuzo]] kọ. A kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2016, láti ọwọ́ Catapult &amp; Co., àmì Black Balloon Publishing . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/02/books/review/welcome-to-lagos-chibundu-onuzo.html|title=Going AWOL in Africa's Largest City}}&lt;/ref&gt;     &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2017/01/05/lagos-where-anything-can-happen|title=Lagos, where anything can happen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìwé ìtàn yìí dá lórí ìtàn Chike Ameobi, ọmọ-ogun ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà kan tí ó pinnu láti fi iṣẹ́ sílẹ̀ dípò kí ó pa àwọn aláìṣẹ̀; Yemi, ọmọ-ogun kan tí ó wà lábẹ́ àkóso Chike Ameobi, ẹni tí ó nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí ìwà òtítọ́ Ameobi tí ó sì pinnu láti bá a fi iṣẹ́ sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú. Nígbà tí wọ́n wà ní ojú ọ̀nà, wọ́n pàdé Oma, ẹni tí ó ti fi ọkọ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nítorí ìwà ipá; Isoken, ọmọbìnrin ọlọ́dún mẹ́rìndínlógún tí ó ṣàṣeyọrí láti sá fún àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀; àti FineBoy, ẹni tí ó ti jẹ́ ọmọ-ogun àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀, tí ó sì sá kúrò nínú iṣẹ́ yẹn láti lé àlá rẹ̀ nípa ṣíṣe iṣẹ́ olùgbékalẹ̀ ètò rédíò bá. Ìwé náà ṣàpèjúwe àwọn ìṣòro ojoojúmọ́ tí àwọn ènìyàn lásán ń kojú ní ìlú Èkó; ìwà ibi àti ìgbéraga àwọn olóṣèlú oníwà ìbàjẹ́; àti bí ó ṣe ṣe pàtàkì tó láti là á já nínú ìgbésí-ayé.       

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>b1o8grkhv5tokjt45yd53jeet25mip9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ọkùnrin Kan, Aya Kan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84394</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636945</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:30:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319384214|One Man, One Wife]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="908" sha1="9hvya5fziqitalhh5geyedw4hzdr5cx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|author=T.M Aluko|isbn=0435900307|name=One Man, One Wife|image=File:One_Man,_One_Wife.png|language=English|country=Nigeria|genre=Fiction|published=1959|publisher=Heinemann|media_type=Print (paperback)}}

{{Infobox book|author=T.M Aluko|isbn=0435900307|name=One Man, One Wife|image=File:One_Man,_One_Wife.png|language=English|country=Nigeria|genre=Fiction|published=1959|publisher=Heinemann|media_type=Print (paperback)}}

'''''Ọkunrin Kan, Iyawo Kan''''' jẹ́ ìwé àwàdà tí òǹkọ̀wé [[Nàìjíríà|ará Nàìjíríà]] [[T. M. Aluko|TM Aluko]] kọ ní ọdún 1959. Ó ṣe àfihàn ìtakora tó wà láàárín àṣà àwọn Yorùbá àti àwọn míṣọ́nárì Kristẹni. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara àkójọ ìwé &quot;African Writers Series&quot; tó ní ipa pàtàkì..  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nigeria NG}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <sha1>9hvya5fziqitalhh5geyedw4hzdr5cx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Àwọn Òdòdó àti Òjìji</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84395</id>
    <revision>
      <id>636946</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:32:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1305540022|Flowers and Shadows]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4917" sha1="o2gj62qfqqot0qjwm9lw8lb5dzuw120" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|image=Flowers_and_shadow.jpg|author=[[Ben Okri]]|isbn=0-582-03536-8|pub_date=January 1, 1989|language=English|country=Nigeria|genre=fiction|publisher=Longman}}'''''Ìtàn Flowers and Shadows''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 1989 tí [[Ben Okri]] kọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-05|title=A moment that changed me: Ben Okri – realising my dream to become a novelist at the age of 19|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/jan/05/a-moment-that-changed-me-ben-okri-realising-my-dream-to-become-a-novelist-at-the-age-of-19|access-date=2024-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ yìí ṣàlàyé àwọn òtítọ́ nípa ipò òṣì àti bí àwọn ènìyàn ṣe ń gbé ìgbésí ayé wọn ní ìlú Èkó. Jeffia, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ akọni ìtàn náà, tí ó sì kọ́kọ́ gbé nínú ọrọ̀, wá dojúkọ àwọn apá òkùnkùn nínú ìtàn ìdílé rẹ̀ àti àìṣedéédéé tó wà láwùjọ. Àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ bíi ìyàtọ̀ láàrin àìní ẹ̀bi àti ìrírí, ogún àwọn ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ìdílé, àti agbára ìrètí láàrin àkókò ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ló sábà máa ń fara hàn nínú ìwé náà. Nípasẹ̀ lílo èdè tó lágbára àti àwọn ohun kikọ tí ó yàtọ̀ síra, ìwé náà ṣàgbéyẹ̀wò àwọn èrò nípa ẹwà àti ìwà ipá, ní parí rẹ̀, ó sì gbé iṣẹ́ ìhìn rere kalẹ̀ nípa níní ìrètí àti ìgbàgbọ́ nínú àṣeyọrí, láìka àwọn apá òkùnkùn àwùjọ sí. 

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìtànṣán àti Òjìji dá lórí ìrìnàjò Jeffia, ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin kan tí ó ní àǹfààní ní [[Èkó]], Nàìjíríà. ẹni tí ó dojúkọ òtítọ́ àwọn ohun tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìdílé rẹ̀ àti àìṣòdodo àwùjọ tí ó yí i ká. Láìka bí wọ́n ṣe tọ́ Jeffia dàgbà sí, ó túbọ̀ ń mọ̀ nípa ìwà ipá àti ipò òṣì tó ń kó àwọn aláìní ní ìlú náà.

Bí Jeffia ṣe ń wo ìtàn ìdílé rẹ̀, ó ń tú àṣírí àwọn àṣírí dúdú àti ogún ìwá agbára àti ọrọ̀ baba rẹ̀ láìní ìkà. Ìwé ìtàn náà ṣàlàyé àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ nípa àìlẹ́ṣẹ̀ àti ìrírí, bí Jeffia ṣe ń jà fitafita pẹ̀lú ìṣípayá ìwà ipá baba rẹ̀ àti ipa tí ó ní lórí ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Láàrín ìbànújẹ́ náà, Jeffia rí ìrètí nínú Cynthia, ọ̀dọ́mọbìnrin kan tí ìfaradà àti ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìmọ́lẹ̀ nínú òkùnkùn. Láìka àwọn ìṣòro tó wà níwájú wọn sí, ìtàn ìfẹ́ wọn bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í hàn sí àbùkù àti ìwà ibi tó wà ní ìlú Èkó.

Jálẹ̀ ìtàn náà, a ṣe àwárí ìyàtọ̀ láàárín ẹwà àti ìwà ìkà (tàbí &quot;Àwọn Òdòdó àti Òjìji&quot;). Láìka àwọn ìpèníjà tí wọ́n dojú kọ sí, Jeffia àti Cynthia ń dúró ṣinṣin àti ìrètí wọn. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Okri|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-0-582-03536-2|location=Harlow|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yíyàn èdè ==
Ìtàn inú ìwé náà da èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti èdè pidgin ti Nàìjíríà pọ̀; bí Jeffia ṣe dàgbà ní àǹfààní hàn nínú ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀, nígbà tí àwọn tí a ti sọ di aláìlera ń lo èdè pidgin. Ìyàtọ̀ yìí tẹnu mọ́ ìyàtọ̀ láàárín àwọn ènìyàn àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀.

== Ètò ==
Ìwé ìtàn náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìlú Èkó, Nàìjíríà, ìlú ńlá kan tí àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé ti gbilẹ̀. Ní àwọn agbègbè ọlọ́rọ̀ tí Jeffia ń gbé, àwọn ilé ńláńlá, àwọn agbègbè ẹnubodè, àti àwọn agbègbè ìtajà onípele gíga pọ̀ níbẹ̀. Àwọn ọlọ́rọ̀ ń rìn kiri ayé adùn àti àṣejù, tí a ti yọ́ kúrò nínú àwọn ohun líle koko tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn ń dojú kọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;

Ní àwọn àkókò mìíràn, ìwé ìtàn náà ń ṣe àwárí àwọn apá tí kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ rí jákèjádò ní Èkó, títí kan àwọn òpópónà rẹ̀ tí ó kún fún èrò, àwọn ilé tí ó ti bàjẹ́, àti àwọn ibi ìdọ̀tí tí ó ṣí sílẹ̀. Ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí, àwọn olùgbé máa ń tiraka láti rí oúnjẹ jẹ láàrín ìrúkèrúdò àti àìdánilójú ìgbésí ayé ojoojúmọ́.

Ìwé ìtàn yìí lo àwòrán tó ń múni ronú jinlẹ̀ láti fi ṣe àfihàn ìrírí tó ní ní ìlú Èkó, láti ọjà tó ń gbòòrò àti ìdàrúdàpọ̀ ọkọ̀ títí dé ìgbésí ayé òpópónà tó kún fún ìgbádùn àti etíkun tó ń gbòòrò. Ibi tí ìtàn náà ti wáyé jẹ́ apá pàtàkì àti apá pàtàkì nínú ìtàn náà, ó ń ṣe àtúnṣe ìrírí àwọn ohun kikọ náà, ó sì ń nípa lórí ìgbésí ayé wọn. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>N ṣe ìyanu fún àwọn Ọlọ́run</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>636947</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:32:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1241731648|Astonishing the Gods]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2101" sha1="pcuxz4fwoipdc7thd3z4spt01mxcl95" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|image=Astonishing the Gods.jpg|caption=First edition (publ. Phoenix House)|author=[[Ben Okri]]|isbn=978-1-897-58097-4|publisher=[[Phoenix House]]|pub_date=March 16, 1995}}

 
Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà [[Ben Okri]], tó ń jẹ́ '''''Astonishing the Gods''''' .  

Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2019, ''BBC News'' fi ìwé ''Astonishing the Gods'' sí àkójọ àwọn ìwé ìtàn 100 tó ní ipa jùlọ . 

Nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò kan pẹ̀lú ''[[The Guardian]]'' Okri sọ pé òun ló kọ ìwé ìtàn náà nígbà tí òun wà nílé ìwé àsìkò àwẹ̀. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; {{Reflist|refs=&lt;ref name=Bbc2019-11-05&gt;{{cite news
| url       = https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50302788
| title       = 100 'most inspiring' novels revealed by BBC Arts
| work       = [[BBC News]]
| date       = 2019-11-05
| archiveurl       = https://web.archive.org/web/20191108030557/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50302788
| archivedate       = 2019-11-08
| accessdate       = 2019-11-10
| url-status       = live
| quote       = The reveal kickstarts the BBC's year-long celebration of literature.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=theguardian2019-01-19&gt;{{cite news
 |url         = https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jan/19/life-on-a-plate-ben-okri-books-seem-full-of-feasts
 |title       = Ben Okri: ‘If you’re hungry, books seem full of feasts’
 |work        = [[The Guardian]]
 |author      = John Lind
 |date        = 2019-01-19
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20191111025602/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jan/19/life-on-a-plate-ben-okri-books-seem-full-of-feasts
 |archivedate = 2019-11-11
 |accessdate  = 2019-11-10
 |url-status  = live
 |quote       = Food and personal spiritual development is very interesting – not least in fasting. It’s not much talked about, but fasting can cleanse the appetite and return one’s senses to zero. Astonishing The Gods was written while fasting.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ìkẹyìn Àwọn Alágbára</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:33:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318190197|The Last of the Strong Ones]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="473" sha1="b72gepc8r3ctcy4ptxd86p5dlui41bs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book|author=Akachi Adimora- Ezieigbo|isbn=9781341181|genre=Literary Fiction|published=1996|publisher=Vista books}}


Ìwé ìtàn '''''The Last of the Strong Ones''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn àwọn obìnrin tí Akachi Ezeigbo kọ ní ọdún 1996.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Adimora-Ezeigbo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ nínú ''ìwé mẹ́ta rẹ̀ ní Umuga'' . 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ìtàn Àfonífojì kan</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:35:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375072208|A Squatter's Tale]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Ìtàn A Squatter''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2000 láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ Nàìjíríà, Ike Oguine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=New Novels in African Literature Today|last=Okonkwo|first=Christopher|publisher=Boydell &amp; Brewer|year=2009|isbn=9781846156892|editor-last=Emenyonu|editor-first=Ernest N.|editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu|pages=130–144|chapter=@Coming to America@: Ike Oguine's A Squatter's Tale &amp; the Nigerian/African Immigrant's Narrative|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-novels-in-african-literature-today/coming-to-america-ike-oguines-a-squatters-tale-and-the-nigerianafrican-immigrants-narrative/3E4A24B86536273AAADBD540913EF99C|via=Cambridge Core}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé ìtàn náà dá lórí ìrírí àwọn ará Áfíríkà tí wọ́n ṣí lọ sí Amẹ́ríkà, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=New Novels in African Literature Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìwé ìtàn yìí dá lórí ìrírí àwọn ará Áfíríkà tí wọ́n ṣí lọ sí Amẹ́ríkà, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; àti àwọn ìpèníjà tí wọ́n dojú kọ ní àwọn ará Áfíríkà tí wọ́n ṣí lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn lónìí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2012-01-01|title=Nigerian Literature, Nationalism and the Experience of the African Diaspora: an Appraisal of Ike Oguine's A Squatter's Tale|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijah/article/view/106394}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àwọn kókó mìíràn pẹ̀lú ìjíròrò lórí àwọn ìlànà ọrọ̀ ajé Áfíríkà. 

Ìwé ìtàn náà gba ẹ̀bùn 1997 Association of Nigerian Authors Award fún ìtàn àròsọ.  Wọ́n tẹ̀ ìwé ìtàn náà jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ìwé ìròyìn African Writers Series ní ọdún 2000. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354749804|In Arcadia]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|country=United Kingdom|website=}}

Ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2002 tí [[Ben Okri]] kọ '''''ní Arcadia''''' ni. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ èyí tí àwòrán &quot;Et in Arcadia ego&quot; fún ní ìmísí, ó sì gba àkókò tí ó tó ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́rin ọdún nínú ìtàn, pẹ̀lú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó wáyé ní ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù, pàápàá jùlọ ní London àti Paris. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Nduro de Angeli kan</title>
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      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310664211|Waiting for an Angel]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Waiting for an Angel|image=Waiting for an Angel.jpg|image_size=|border=|alt=|caption=|author=[[Helon Habila]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=[[English language|English]]|genre=[[Literary Fiction]], [[Social novel]]|set_in=Nigeria|publisher=[[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]]|publisher2=|pub_date=2002|published=|media_type=Print ([[hardcover]])|pages=256 pp (first edition)|isbn=0-393-05193-5|isbn_note=(first edition)|oclc=993037824|dewey=|congress=|preceded_by=[[Prison Stories]]|followed_by=New Writing 14|website=}}


'''''Dídúró fún Angẹli''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ìṣèlú ọdún 2002 tí òǹkọ̀wé Nàìjíríà Helon Habila kọ. Ilé-iṣẹ́ ìtẹ̀wé WW Norton &amp; Company ti ìlú [[New York]] ló kọ́kọ́ tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde.    &lt;ref name=&quot;GUD&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/oct/26/featuresreviews.guardianreview8|title=Review: Waiting for an Angel by Helon Habila|date=26 October 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn inú ìwé yìí wáyé ní àkókò ìjọba ológun ti General Sani Abacha. Ó dá lórí Lomba, ẹni tí í ṣe oníròyìn àti olóòtú ní ilé-iṣẹ́ ìròyìn The Dial, tí wọ́n sì fi sẹ́wọ̀n nítorí pé ó ṣe àtúnṣe &quot;irọ́&quot; lòdì sí ìjọba.  &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.spectator.co.uk/books/20342/black-days-in-the-evil-sun.thtml] {{Dead link|date=November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Àkókò ìgbalejò ==
Ó gba Ẹ̀bùn Àwọn Òǹkọ̀wé Commonwealth ti ọdún 2003, ẹ̀ka Áfíríkà  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=11 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maya Jaggi, tó ń kọ̀wé fún ''The Guardian,'' ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò pé: &quot;...(S)ombre, ó gbámúṣé, ó sì máa ń pani lẹ́rìn-ín nígbà míì...&quot; pé &quot;...A fi ọgbọ́n kọ́ ọ ní apá méje, ó yí padà sí àkókò kan lẹ́yìn tí ìjọba ológun ti parí. (...) Ní ti gidi, iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ìwé ìtàn náà hàn gbangba nínú agbára àti òye èdè rẹ̀, àti ìṣètò rẹ̀ tó lágbára. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a kó àwọn okùn náà jọ dáadáa, apá kọ̀ọ̀kan jọ ìtàn kúkúrú kan.&quot;  Fún James Urquhart ti ''The Independent'' &quot;...Àwọn orí tí kò ní ìtàn yìí, ìmọ̀lára ìyípadà ní ìdajì àkọ́kọ́ ìwé yìí, àti ìwà Lomba tí ó dìgbò, tí kò ní ìfẹ́ ọkàn, díẹ̀díẹ̀ di ohun tí a ti fi kún ìpinnu láti kà, láti kojú ìnilára. (...) Ìwé ìtàn Habila tí a ṣe dáradára ṣàfihàn ìmọ̀lára àìdọ́gba ti ìgbésí ayé lábẹ́ ìjọba apàṣẹwàá àti àwọn ìrúbọ, ti ara ẹni àti ti gbogbo ènìyàn, tí a gbọ́dọ̀ fi sílẹ̀ láti gé ojú rẹ̀ tí ó ṣófo kúrò.&quot;  Dave Gilson ti ''San Francisco Chronicle'' sọ pé &quot;...Ìwé Habila mọ́ tónítóní àti pé kò ní ìmọ̀lára ara rẹ̀, ó sì yípadà láti ìjíròrò nínú pidgin sí àwọn ìtọ́kasí àtijọ́. Nígbà míìrán, ó fi ìfẹ́ hàn fún eré orin dídùn àti àwòrán tí a fi ìyà jẹ. (...) Ní gbogbo ìgbà tí ó bá dára jù, ìkọ̀wé Habila lè ru ìmọ̀lára sókè.&quot; 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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    <title>Àwọn Ẹranko ti Kò sí Orílẹ̀-èdè</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:40:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359753788|Beasts of No Nation]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] --&gt;|country=United States}}'''''Ìwé ìtàn Beasts of No Nation''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2005 tí òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] Uzodinma Iweala, &lt;ref name=&quot;theguardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Ali|title=The lost boys|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/sep/03/fiction.alismith|date=3 September 2005|access-date=1 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Baker|first=Simon|title=A Boy Soldier's Heart of Darkness|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/04/books/review/04baker.html|date=4 December 2005|access-date=1 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; èyí tí ó gba àkọlé rẹ̀ láti inú àwo orin [[Fẹlá Kútì|Fela Kuti]] ti ọdún 1989 tí ó ní orúkọ kan náà .  Ìwé náà gba ẹ̀bùn Art Seidenbaum ti ọdún 2005 fún Ìtàn Àkọ́kọ́  àti ẹ̀bùn Barnes &amp;amp;amp; Noble Discover Great New Writers Award . &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=December 6, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wọ́n ṣe àtúnṣe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí fíìmù ní ọdún 2015.

Ìwé ìtàn yìí tọpasẹ̀ ìrìn-àjò ọmọdékùnrin kan tí a ń pè ní Agu, ẹni tí a fi agbára mú láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ-ogun ní orílẹ̀-èdè kan ní Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Áfíríkà tí a kò dárúkọ rẹ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;ventureafrica&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Egbedi|first=Hadassah|title=Exclusive Interview With Uzodinma Iweala, Author, Beasts of No Nation|url=https://venturesafrica.com/exclusive-interview-with-uzodinma-iweala-author-beasts-of-no-nation/|publisher=Ventures Africa|date=16 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé ẹ̀rù olórí àwọn ọmọ-ogun àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọkùnrin tó yí i ká ń bà á, ogun tó ń jà ní orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ ti ba ìgbà èwe rẹ̀ jẹ́ lọ́nà líle koko; ní àkọ́kọ́, inú rẹ̀ kò balẹ̀ nítorí pé ó ní ìmọ̀lára ìkórìíra àti ìfẹ́-ọkàn sí bí ogun ṣe ń lọ ní àkókò kan náà. Iweala kò yẹra fún ṣíṣàlàyé àwọn nǹkan ní kíkún àti ní ọ̀nà tó lè mú kí ènìyàn nírìírí ohun tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an, ó sì ṣàpèjúwe Agu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọdé tó jẹ́ ọmọ-ogun ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀ tí ó sì nira láti lóye. Ìwé náà kò sọ ní pàtó irú orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtàn náà ti wáyé, a kò sì mọ orúkọ orílẹ̀-èdè náà rárá. Ohun kan tó mú kí ìwé yìí ṣe pàtàkì ni bí ó ṣe lo ọ̀nà ìtàn-sísọ tí ó jẹ́ ti ẹni tí ó ń sọ̀rọ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ (nípa lílo ọ̀rọ̀ bíi &quot;èmi&quot;), èyí tí ó máa ń fa àfiyèsí àti ọkàn olùkà mọ́ra gidigidi.

Àkòrí ọ̀rọ̀ àwọn ọmọdé ológun dá lórí ìwé àròkọ Harvard tí òǹkọ̀wé náà kọ. Onkọwe naa ko ni iriri awọn iṣẹlẹ ti o kọ nipa ninu iwe ara rẹ laisi awọn iwe miiran ti o wa ninu iru iwe kanna. 

== Àkópọ̀ ìtàn náà ==
Ìtàn náà dá lórí ọmọkùnrin kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Agu, ẹni tí wọ́n fipá mú láti di ọmọ ogun kékeré. Nígbà tí ogun dé sí abúlé kékeré ìdílé rẹ̀, ìyá àti àbúrò Agu lè lọ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ogun àlàáfíà UN, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n pàṣẹ fún Agu láti dúró síbẹ̀ kí ó sì bá baba rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọkùnrin mìíràn ní abúlé náà jà. Nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ ogun bá kọlu abúlé náà, àwọn ọkùnrin náà mọ̀ pé yálà wọ́n fara pamọ́ tàbí wọn kò fara pamọ́, wọ́n á pa wọ́n nígbẹ̀yìn gbẹ́yín. Wọ́n gbógun tì wọ́n ṣùgbọ́n Agu sá lọ nítorí ìfẹ́ baba rẹ̀. Wọ́n yìnbọn pa baba rẹ̀.

Agu fara pamọ́, àwọn ọmọ ogun sì rí i láìpẹ́, wọ́n sì fipá mú un láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ọlọ̀tẹ̀ wọn. Nínú ìjíròrò tó kún fún ẹ̀jẹ̀, olórí ogun náà fipá mú un láti pa ọkùnrin kan tí kò ní ohun ìjà.

Bí Agu ṣe ń fipá mú láti fi ìgbà èwe rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó ń rántí àwọn ohun tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ sẹ́yìn: ìdílé rẹ̀, ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ fún ìwé kíkà àti ilé ìwé, àlá rẹ̀ láti di dókítà pàtàkì, àti bí ó ṣe máa ń ka Bíbélì lójoojúmọ́. Ó ronú nípa bí òun àti ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣe máa ń ṣeré ní ogun àti bí ogun yìí kò ṣe rí bẹ́ẹ̀. Ó bẹ̀rù pé Ọlọ́run kórìíra òun fún pípa àwọn ẹlòmíràn, ṣùgbọ́n láìpẹ́ ó fi agbára mú ara rẹ̀ láti gbàgbọ́ pé èyí ni ohun tí Ọlọ́run fẹ́, nítorí “ó jẹ́ ọmọ ogun àti pé èyí ni ohun tí àwọn ọmọ ogun ń ṣe ní ogun.” Ó bá ọmọkùnrin odi kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Strika ṣọ̀rẹ́, wọ́n sì jọ dojúkọ ìwà ọ̀daràn àti ìṣòro ogun: jíjí nǹkan gbé, ìfipábánilòpọ̀, ìpànìyàn, àti ebi.

Agu pàdánù àkókò, ó mọ̀ pé ọmọdé ni òun kí ogun náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ó ti di ọkùnrin nínú ìdánwò tí ó dàbí ẹni pé kò lópin. Ó fẹ́ dáwọ́ ìpànìyàn dúró ṣùgbọ́n ó bẹ̀rù pé ṣíṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ yóò jẹ́ kí Aláṣẹ pa òun. Ní àkókò ogun yìí, Agu àti àwọn ọmọ ogun kò ní oúnjẹ púpọ̀, nítorí náà wọ́n máa ń jẹ ohun tí wọ́n bá lè jẹ: eku, ẹran kékeré, ewúrẹ́, àti nígbà míìrán àwọn ènìyàn mìíràn. Oúnjẹ náà kò jinná tó nítorí ìbẹ̀rù pé àwọn ẹlòmíràn yóò rí iná náà, a sì mọ̀ pé omi náà ní ìgbẹ́ ènìyàn nínú. Agu àti àwọn ọmọ mìíràn nínú ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ni wọ́n fipá bá lòpọ̀ láti fi àwọn àmì kékeré rọ́pò. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Agu kórìíra ìfipábánilòpọ̀, kò tako ara rẹ̀ nítorí ó bẹ̀rù pé Aláṣẹ yóò pa òun tí ó bá ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀.

Níkẹyìn, Aláṣẹ náà mú ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun náà lọ sí abúlé tí wọ́n bí i sí níbi tí wọ́n ti lọ sí ilé aṣẹ́wó kan. Aṣẹ́wó kan gún Luftenant, ẹni kejì ní ipò olórí ogun. Lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n fi ọmọ ogun kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Rambo rọ́pò Luftenant, èyí tí wọ́n sọ orúkọ rẹ̀ nítorí pé ó ń gbẹ ẹ̀jẹ̀.

Ìfẹ́ ọkàn rẹ̀ láti sá kúrò nínú ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun náà ṣẹ nígbà tí Rambo ṣe àṣeyọrí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ sí Aláṣẹ ní àkókò àìní àwọn ohun èlò ìpìlẹ̀ tó burú jáì, tó sì fi Aláṣẹ sílẹ̀ ní àgọ́ náà. Pẹ̀lú ebi, àárẹ̀ àti ìbànújẹ́, Agu dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ ogun tí wọ́n túká láti gbìyànjú láti padà sílé. Strika kú, Agu sì fi àwọn ọmọ ogun ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn gbẹ́yín.

Nígbà tó yá, ó wá sí abẹ́ àbójútó ilé ìtọ́jú àwọn míṣọ́nnárì kan tí oníwàásù àti obìnrin kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Amy ń ṣàkóso. Agu gba aṣọ tuntun ati gbogbo ounjẹ ati oorun ti o fẹ, o si tun gba ilera ati agbara pada. Ṣùgbọ́n, lẹ́yìn tí ó ti la ogun àwọn ajìjàgbara tí ó kún fún ẹ̀jẹ̀, Bíbélì kò ní ìtumọ̀ kankan mọ́ fún un. Amy pè é láti sọ èrò àti ìmọ̀lára rẹ̀, Agu sì sọ fún un pé òun fẹ́ di dókítà kí òun sì gba ẹ̀mí là kí òun lè ra ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ òun padà. Ó jẹ́wọ́ pé Bìlísì ni òun, ṣùgbọ́n ó sọ pé ìyá òun nífẹ̀ẹ́ òun.

== Ṣíṣe àtúnṣe fíìmù ==
{{Main|Beasts of No Nation (film)}}Cary Fukunaga ló ṣe àtúnṣe fíìmù kan, tí Abraham Attah kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bí Agu àti Idris Elba gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí. Fíìmù náà jẹ́ ìṣeré kárí ayé, tí wọ́n yà ní igbó Ghana.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àfihàn rẹ̀ lórí [[Netflix]] ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2015. 

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dídi Abigaili</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>636953</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T11:41:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bamjos</username>
        <id>28839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355272862|Becoming Abigail]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox book|name=Becoming Abigail|image=Becoming Abigail.jpg|author=[[Chris Abani]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|language=English|genre=[[Fiction]]|publisher=[[Akashic Books]]|isbn=978-1-936070-20-6}}Ìwé ìtàn àròsọ kan '''''tí wọ́n pè ní Becoming Abigail''''' jẹ́ ìwé ìtàn ọdún 2006, tí Akashic Books tẹ̀ jáde. Ti a kọ nipasẹ onkọwe [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] Chris Abani .  

== Ìtàn ìtàn náà ==
&quot;Becoming Abigail&quot; sọ ìtàn Abigail, ọmọbìnrin ọ̀dọ́ kan láti Nàìjíríà, ẹni tí ìyá rẹ̀ kú nígbà tí ó bí i. Lẹ́yìn tí bàbá rẹ̀ ti tọ́ ọ dàgbà, ó pa ara rẹ̀. Ó rin ìrìn-àjò lọ sí London pẹ̀lú Peter, níbi tí ó ti wá rí i pé òun nìkan ló wà, àti pé ó dàbí ẹni pé kò sí rárá..

== Gbigbawọle ati idanimọ ==

* Àṣàyàn Olóòtú Ìwé ìròyìn ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' . 
* Àṣàyàn Aláriwísí ''Àwọn Òǹkàwé ní Chicago'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Àṣàyàn ẹgbẹ́ ìwé ìròyìn ''Essence Magazine'' . 
* Àṣàyàn ẹgbẹ́ ìwé Black Expressions Book Club lórí rédíò gbogbogbò ti orílẹ̀-èdè . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|isbn=978-1-888451-94-8|language=en|author=Abani}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Àwọn ìwé tí a yàn fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní ilé ìkàwé gbogbogbò ní New York . 
* Ẹni tó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ PEN/Lẹ́yìn Àwọn Ààlà . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archivedate=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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