ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ

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    <title>ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ</title>
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ}}
'''ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ''' (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ''ليبيا''), ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ: دولة ليبيا),ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]], ⵜⴳⴰ [[ⵟⴰⵔⴰⴱⵍⵓⵙ]] [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]] ⵏⵏⵙ.

== ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ 17 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 2011 ==
ⵜⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴼ ⴳⴷⴰⴼⵢ ⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵏⵖⴰ ⵉⵍⴱⵢⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ 42 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ 24 ⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2011 ⵉⵎⵓⵜ ⴳⴷⴰⴼⵢ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⴼ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴷⴰⵓⵜ

== ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ==
ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ]] ⴰⵔ 10 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 1947, ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ [[ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ|ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]] ⴰⵔ 24 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1954. ⵜⴳ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ 1 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1969, ⵉⴷⵖ ⵉⵏⵏⴳⵯⴷⵎ [[ⵎⵓⵄⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ|ⵍⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ]] ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ [[ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ|ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵏⵓⵙⵉ]], ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ 17 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 2011.
ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 17 ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏⵢⵓⵔ 2011 ⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⴽⴼⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ  [[ⵎⵓⵄⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⴳⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ]] ⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 40 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ.

== ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ==
ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ [[ⵣⵡⴰⵔⴰ]], [[ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ,ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ|ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ]], [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵏ|ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵏ]], [[ⵓⴱⴰⵔⵉ]], [[ⵖⴷⴰⵎⵙ]], [[ⵓⵊⵍⴰ]], [[ⵙⴰⴱⵀⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵖⴰⵜ]]...

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ}}
'''ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ''' (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ''ليبيا''), ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ: دولة ليبيا),ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ  [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]], ⵜⴳⴰ [[ⵟⴰⵔⴰⴱⵍⵓⵙ]] [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]] ⵏⵏⵙ.

== ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ 17 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 2011 ==
ⵜⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴼ ⴳⴷⴰⴼⵢ ⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵏⵖⴰ ⵉⵍⴱⵢⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ 42 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ 24 ⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2011 ⵉⵎⵓⵜ ⴳⴷⴰⴼⵢ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⴼ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴷⴰⵓⵜ

== ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ==
ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ]] ⴰⵔ 10 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 1947, ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ [[ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ|ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]] ⴰⵔ 24 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1954. ⵜⴳ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ 1 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1969, ⵉⴷⵖ ⵉⵏⵏⴳⵯⴷⵎ [[ⵎⵓⵄⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ|ⵍⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ]] ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ [[ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ|ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵏⵓⵙⵉ]], ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ 17 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 2011.
ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 17 ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏⵢⵓⵔ 2011 ⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⴽⴼⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ  [[ⵎⵓⵄⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⴳⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ]] ⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 40 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ.

== ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ==
ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ [[ⵣⵡⴰⵔⴰ]], [[ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ,ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ|ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ]], [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵏ|ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵏ]], [[ⵓⴱⴰⵔⵉ]], [[ⵖⴷⴰⵎⵙ]], [[ⵓⵊⵍⴰ]], [[ⵙⴰⴱⵀⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵖⴰⵜ]]...

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-23T16:56:06Z</timestamp>
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        <username>أوس</username>
        <id>14460</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2686" sha1="k0nuhf1olyqfea1iqn4wp15xl5tnl3k" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ}}
'''ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ''' (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ''ليبيا''), ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ: دولة ليبيا)، ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]], ⵜⴳⴰ [[ⵟⴰⵔⴰⴱⵍⵓⵙ]] [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]] ⵏⵏⵙ.

== ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ 17 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 2011 ==
ⵜⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴼ ⴳⴷⴰⴼⵢ ⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵏⵖⴰ ⵉⵍⴱⵢⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ 42 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ 24 ⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2011 ⵉⵎⵓⵜ ⴳⴷⴰⴼⵢ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⴼ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴰⵃⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴷⴰⵓⵜ

== ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ==
ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ]] ⴰⵔ 10 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 1947, ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ [[ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ|ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]] ⴰⵔ 24 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1954. ⵜⴳ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ 1 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1969, ⵉⴷⵖ ⵉⵏⵏⴳⵯⴷⵎ [[ⵎⵓⵄⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ|ⵍⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ]] ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ [[ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ|ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵏⵓⵙⵉ]], ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ 17 ⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ 2011.
ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 17 ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏⵢⵓⵔ 2011 ⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⴽⴼⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ  [[ⵎⵓⵄⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⴳⴷⴷⴰⴼⵉ]] ⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 40 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ.

== ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ==
ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ [[ⵣⵡⴰⵔⴰ]], [[ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ,ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ|ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ]], [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵏ|ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵏ]], [[ⵓⴱⴰⵔⵉ]], [[ⵖⴷⴰⵎⵙ]], [[ⵓⵊⵍⴰ]], [[ⵙⴰⴱⵀⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵖⴰⵜ]]...

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⵡⵉ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1958</id>
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      <id>176941</id>
      <parentid>155480</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T19:30:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
        <id>32142</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="4865" sha1="gpgc2hwhu11ij7nk80pjr0dahv2wac8" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! '''[[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Berber flag.svg|30px]]
! '''ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938 to 1973).svg|30px]]
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ 
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ  ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ : ⵉⵍⵄⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ .
|عن أبي هريرة 
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ
|-
| ⵅⴼ (ⴰⴱⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⵣⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽ) ⵅⴼ ⵓⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ
ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⵉ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ-ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ .
|عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عن خَادِمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ
عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ .
ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ:‏ ⵛⵛⴰⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ، ⴷ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ،  ⴷ ⵣⵣⴽⴰⵜ، ⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⵊ ، ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ
|عن إبن عمر
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال‏: بني الإسلام على خمس‏:‏ شهادة أن لا إله إلى الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وإقام الصلاة، وإيتاء الزكاة، وحج البيت، وصوم رمضان‏
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵎⵓⵄⴰⴷ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ :
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ  '''ⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ''' ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵍⴷⵊⵏⵜ .
|عن معاذ (ر) قال
'قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: من كان آخر كلامه '''لا إله إلا اللَّه''' دخل الجنة
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ (H)، ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵙⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⴰⵙ
|عَنْ أَنَسٍ (H)، قَالَ
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَلْيُعِدْ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵥⴰⵥⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⵔⵃⵎⴰⵏ: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|عن أبي هريرة (H) قال
قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ثقيلتان في الميزان حبيبتان إلى الرحمن: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⵅⵓⴷⵔⵉ  ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ  ⴰⵅⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⴷⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵕⵎⵓⵢ
|عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيّ  قَالَ
سَمِعْت رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ
|-
|-
|}

[[ar:]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>176942</id>
      <parentid>176941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T19:33:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
        <id>32142</id>
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      <text bytes="4869" sha1="8xkb6m8x70okhpq79l62ulttuhy1mtn" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
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|-
! '''[[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Berber flag.svg|30px]]
! '''ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938 to 1973).svg|30px]]
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ 
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ  ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ : ⵉⵍⵄⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ .
|عن أبي هريرة 
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ
|-
| ⵅⴼ (ⴰⴱⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⵣⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽ) ⵅⴼ ⵓⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ
ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⵉ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ-ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ .
|عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عن خَادِمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ
عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ .
ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ:‏ ⵛⵛⴰⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ، ⴷ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ،  ⴷ ⵣⵣⴽⴰⵜ، ⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⵊ ، ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ
|عن إبن عمر
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال‏: بني الإسلام على خمس‏:‏ شهادة أن لا إله إلى الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وإقام الصلاة، وإيتاء الزكاة، وحج البيت، وصوم رمضان‏
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵎⵓⵄⴰⴷ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ :
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ  '''ⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ''' ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵍⴷⵊⵏⵜ .
|عن معاذ (ر) قال
'قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: من كان آخر كلامه '''لا إله إلا اللَّه''' دخل الجنة
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ (H)، ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵙⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⴰⵙ
|عَنْ أَنَسٍ (H)، قَالَ
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَلْيُعِدْ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵥⴰⵥⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⵔⵃⵎⴰⵏ: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|عن أبي هريرة (H) قال
قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ثقيلتان في الميزان حبيبتان إلى الرحمن: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⵅⵓⴷⵔⵉ  ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ  ⴰⵅⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⴷⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵕⵎⵓⵢ
|عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيّ  قَالَ
سَمِعْت رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ
|-
|-
|}

[[ar:]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
      <sha1>8xkb6m8x70okhpq79l62ulttuhy1mtn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176943</id>
      <parentid>176942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T19:36:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
        <id>32142</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176943</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4862" sha1="71dt01zdijjog34jkxa9iq8mq1smj0z" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! '''[[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Berber flag.svg|30px]]
! '''ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938 to 1973).svg|30px]]
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ 
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ  ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ : ⵉⵍⵄⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ .
|عن أبي هريرة 
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ
|-
| ⵅⴼ (ⴰⴱⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⵣⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽ) ⵅⴼ ⵓⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ
ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⵉ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ-ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ .
|عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عن خَادِمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ
عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ .
ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ:‏ ⵛⵛⴰⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ، ⴷ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ،  ⴷ ⵣⵣⴽⴰⵜ، ⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⵊ ، ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ
|عن إبن عمر
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال‏: بني الإسلام على خمس‏:‏ شهادة أن لا إله إلى الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وإقام الصلاة، وإيتاء الزكاة، وحج البيت، وصوم رمضان‏
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵎⵓⵄⴰⴷ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ :
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ  '''ⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ''' ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵍⴷⵊⵏⵜ.
|عن معاذ (ر) قال
'قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: من كان آخر كلامه '''لا إله إلا اللَّه''' دخل الجنة
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ (H)، ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵙⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⴰⵙ
|عَنْ أَنَسٍ (H)، قَالَ
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَلْيُعِدْ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵥⴰⵥⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⵔⵃⵎⴰⵏ: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|عن أبي هريرة (H) قال
قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ثقيلتان في الميزان حبيبتان إلى الرحمن: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⵅⵓⴷⵔⵉ  ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ  ⴰⵅⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⴷⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵕⵎⵓⵢ
|عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيّ  قَالَ
سَمِعْت رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ
|-
|-
|}

[[ar:]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
      <sha1>71dt01zdijjog34jkxa9iq8mq1smj0z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176944</id>
      <parentid>176943</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T19:38:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
        <id>32142</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176944</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4855" sha1="h313ge8dvpdlwxw1nhqzerrp4qcfnjn" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! '''[[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Berber flag.svg|30px]]
! '''ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938 to 1973).svg|30px]]
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ 
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ  ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ : ⵉⵍⵄⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ .
|عن أبي هريرة 
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ
|-
| ⵅⴼ (ⴰⴱⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⵣⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽ) ⵅⴼ ⵓⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ
ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⵉ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ-ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ.
|عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عن خَادِمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ
عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ.
ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ:‏ ⵛⵛⴰⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ، ⴷ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵣⵣⴽⴰⵜ, ⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⵊ, ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ
|عن إبن عمر
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال‏: بني الإسلام على خمس‏:‏ شهادة أن لا إله إلى الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وإقام الصلاة، وإيتاء الزكاة، وحج البيت، وصوم رمضان‏
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵎⵓⵄⴰⴷ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ :
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ  '''ⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ''' ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵍⴷⵊⵏⵜ.
|عن معاذ (ر) قال
'قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: من كان آخر كلامه '''لا إله إلا اللَّه''' دخل الجنة
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ (H)، ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵙⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⴰⵙ
|عَنْ أَنَسٍ (H)، قَالَ
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَلْيُعِدْ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵥⴰⵥⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⵔⵃⵎⴰⵏ: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|عن أبي هريرة (H) قال
قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ثقيلتان في الميزان حبيبتان إلى الرحمن: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⵅⵓⴷⵔⵉ  ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ  ⴰⵅⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⴷⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵕⵎⵓⵢ
|عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيّ  قَالَ
سَمِعْت رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ
|-
|-
|}

[[ar:]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
      <sha1>h313ge8dvpdlwxw1nhqzerrp4qcfnjn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176945</id>
      <parentid>176944</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T19:38:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
        <id>32142</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176945</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4856" sha1="dqrl3rjp8qu4on8f4xv355egaovwnci" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! '''[[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Berber flag.svg|30px]]
! '''ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938 to 1973).svg|30px]]
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ 
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ  ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ : ⵉⵍⵄⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ .
|عن أبي هريرة 
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ
|-
| ⵅⴼ (ⴰⴱⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⵣⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽ) ⵅⴼ ⵓⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ
ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⵉ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ-ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ.
|عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عن خَادِمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ
عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ.
ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ:‏ ⵛⵛⴰⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ، ⴷ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵣⵣⴽⴰⵜ, ⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⵊ, ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ.
|عن إبن عمر
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال‏: بني الإسلام على خمس‏:‏ شهادة أن لا إله إلى الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وإقام الصلاة، وإيتاء الزكاة، وحج البيت، وصوم رمضان‏
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵎⵓⵄⴰⴷ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ :
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ  '''ⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ''' ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵍⴷⵊⵏⵜ.
|عن معاذ (ر) قال
'قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: من كان آخر كلامه '''لا إله إلا اللَّه''' دخل الجنة
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ (H)، ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵙⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⴰⵙ
|عَنْ أَنَسٍ (H)، قَالَ
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَلْيُعِدْ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵥⴰⵥⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⵔⵃⵎⴰⵏ: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|عن أبي هريرة (H) قال
قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ثقيلتان في الميزان حبيبتان إلى الرحمن: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⵅⵓⴷⵔⵉ  ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ  ⴰⵅⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⴷⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵕⵎⵓⵢ
|عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيّ  قَالَ
سَمِعْت رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ
|-
|-
|}

[[ar:]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
      <sha1>dqrl3rjp8qu4on8f4xv355egaovwnci</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176946</id>
      <parentid>176945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T19:39:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
        <id>32142</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4859" sha1="qaj7tm36egihik5y76hd7c4dbdihef8" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍⵏ ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! '''[[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Berber flag.svg|30px]]
! '''ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938 to 1973).svg|30px]]
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ 
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ  ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ : ⵉⵍⵄⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ .
|عن أبي هريرة 
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ
|-
| ⵅⴼ (ⴰⴱⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⵣⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽ) ⵅⴼ ⵓⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ
ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⵉ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ-ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ.
|عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عن خَادِمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ
عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ.
ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ:‏ ⵛⵛⴰⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ، ⴷ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵣⵣⴽⴰⵜ, ⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⵊ, ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ.
|عن إبن عمر
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال‏: بني الإسلام على خمس‏:‏ شهادة أن لا إله إلى الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وإقام الصلاة، وإيتاء الزكاة، وحج البيت، وصوم رمضان‏
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵎⵓⵄⴰⴷ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ :
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ  '''ⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ''' ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵍⴷⵊⵏⵜ.
|عن معاذ (ر) قال
'قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: من كان آخر كلامه '''لا إله إلا اللَّه''' دخل الجنة
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ (H)، ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵙⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⴰⵙ
|عَنْ أَنَسٍ (H)، قَالَ
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَلْيُعِدْ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵥⴰⵥⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⵔⵃⵎⴰⵏ: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|عن أبي هريرة (H) قال
قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ثقيلتان في الميزان حبيبتان إلى الرحمن: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⵅⵓⴷⵔⵉ  ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ  ⴰⵅⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⴷⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵕⵎⵓⵢ
|عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيّ  قَالَ
سَمِعْت رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ
|-
|-
|}

[[ar:]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴱⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍⵏ ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
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|-
! '''[[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Berber flag.svg|30px]]
! '''ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ''' [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938 to 1973).svg|30px]]
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ 
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ  ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ : ⵉⵍⵄⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ .
|عن أبي هريرة 
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ
|-
| ⵅⴼ (ⴰⴱⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⵣⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽ) ⵅⴼ ⵓⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ
ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⵉ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴳⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵉ-ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ.
|عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عن خَادِمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ
عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ.
ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ:‏ ⵛⵛⴰⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ، ⴷ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵣⵣⴽⴰⵜ, ⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⵊ, ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ.
|عن إبن عمر
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال‏: بني الإسلام على خمس‏:‏ شهادة أن لا إله إلى الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وإقام الصلاة، وإيتاء الزكاة، وحج البيت، وصوم رمضان‏
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⵎⵓⵄⴰⴷ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ:
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ  '''ⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ''' ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵍⴷⵊⵏⵜ.
|عن معاذ (ر) قال
'قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: من كان آخر كلامه '''لا إله إلا اللَّه''' دخل الجنة
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ (H), ⵉⵏⵏⴰ:
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵙⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⴰⵙ
|عَنْ أَنَسٍ (H)، قَالَ
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَلْيُعِدْ
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ (H) ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ﷺ: ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵥⴰⵥⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍ ⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⵔⵃⵎⴰⵏ: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|عن أبي هريرة (H) قال
قال رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ: كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ثقيلتان في الميزان حبيبتان إلى الرحمن: سبحان اللَّه وبحمده، سبحان اللَّه العظيم
|-
| ⵅⴼ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⵅⵓⴷⵔⵉ  ⵉⵏⵏⴰ
ⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ﷺ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ: ⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ  ⴰⵅⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⴷⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ، ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵕⵎⵓⵢ
|عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيّ  قَالَ
سَمِعْت رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ
|-
|-
|}

[[ar:]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ</title>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ، ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ، ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⵔⵕⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵇ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ، ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ، ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⵔⵕⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵇ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
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{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ، ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ، ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⵔⵕⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵇ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
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ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⵔⵕⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵇ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
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{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⵔⵕⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵇ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ,  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⵔⵕⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵇ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
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ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ,  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵇ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ,  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1948 ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⵓⵍ &quot;ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ&quot; ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ 1950، ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⵕⵉⵍ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵣ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵍⴰⵇ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ,  ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵃ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵉⵟⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴹⵟⵉⵍⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⵏ  ⵍⵎⴰⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ 7 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵍ  ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1984 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ 26 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵎⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵓⵎⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵠ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵓⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 53 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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    <title>ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ</title>
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      <text bytes="2478" sha1="318eafcwaasiulmzwh1xh4rxhtgzgz4" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
'''ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ''', ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵡ, ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ)|ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ]] ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵜⵜⴰⵏ.

ⴽⵓ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ]] ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵔⵓⴷⵓ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ.

= ⵜⴰⵏⴽⴷⴰ =
ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵜⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵊⵢⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (ⴷⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵢⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵊⵢⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜ).

= ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ» ⴷ «ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ» =
ⵉⵜⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⴹⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵔ «ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ» ⴷ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ» ⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵜⵓⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ), ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴷⴳⴳⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ  ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ», ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ «ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ».

= ⵉⵙⴽⵜⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ =
= ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵓⵣⵏ =

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
'''ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ''', ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵡ, ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ)|ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ]] ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵜⵜⴰⵏ.

ⴽⵓ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ]] ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵔⵓⴷⵓ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ.

= ⵜⴰⵏⴽⴷⴰ =
ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵜⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵊⵢⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (ⴷⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵢⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵊⵢⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜ).

= ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ» ⴷ «ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ» =
ⵉⵜⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⴹⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵔ «ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ» ⴷ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ» ⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵜⵓⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ), ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴷⴳⴳⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ  ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ», ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ «ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ».

= ⵉⵙⴽⵜⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ =
= ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵓⵣⵏ =

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ}}</text>
      <sha1>44hnhb75y6sblwv805q5qd8p3isuvdq</sha1>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
'''ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ''', ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵡ, ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ)|ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ]] ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵜⵜⴰⵏ.

ⴽⵓ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ]] ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵔⵓⴷⵓ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ.

= ⵜⴰⵏⴽⴷⴰ =
ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵜⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵊⵢⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (ⴷⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵢⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵊⵢⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜ).

= ⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ» ⴷ «ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ» =
ⵉⵜⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⴹⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵔ «ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ» ⴷ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ» ⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ, ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵜⵓⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ), ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴷⴳⴳⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ  ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ «ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ», ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ «ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ».

= ⵉⵙⴽⵜⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ =
= ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵓⵣⵏ =

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
      <sha1>p32vyiuim35lfnvai4ojzworez3lm92</sha1>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵔⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
      <sha1>35mn8mvood2lj13i37wx5mppn1na8ej</sha1>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⴹ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵓⴼⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ.

=ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ=

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴻⵙⵎⵍ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵊ.ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵊ.ⴷⴰⵔⴱⵓⵍⵏⵉⵜ. ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ: ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ, ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ.

==ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ==
ⴰⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ:

stratégie &gt; ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ

démocratie &gt; ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ

technologie &gt; ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

==ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ==

ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

Par exemple &gt; ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ

d'autre part &gt; ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ / ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴹⵏⵉ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵙⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵓⵏⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ==

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

what economists do ⇒ « la conduite des économistes »

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

المنزل كبير ⇒ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ

ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⇒ « selon le le chef du gouvernement »

ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ ⇒ ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⇒ الفتاة الجميلة

ⴰⵖⵔⵉⴽ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

the speculative property boom ⇒ « la flambée de spéculation immobilière »

ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ

have generated sufficient interest ⇒ « ont suscité suffisamment d'intérêt »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒  ⴰⵎⴰⵖⵓⵏ

patients over the age of 40 ⇒ les malades ayant dépassé l'âge de 40 ans

ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⇒  ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ

he strode into the house ⇒ « il entra à grands pas dans la maison »

ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓ ⇒ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ

He nearly got arrested ⇒ « il faillit se faire arrêter »

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵖⵜ ⇒ ⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ

the people around him ⇒ « les gens qui l'entourent »

==ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ==

ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵙ '''ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ.

Tel père tel fils =&gt; ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ? ⴰⵇⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ==
'''ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ :

==ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ==

'''ⴰⵙⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ''' ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵖⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ. 
 
[[fr:Procédés de traduction de l'anglais en français]]
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
*'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</text>
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    <ns>3</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T11:48:11Z</timestamp>
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        <id>2067</id>
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      <comment>/* Help */ new section</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1770" sha1="azh5bldnc7b0k90y32k0f6399oxeztf" xml:space="preserve">==ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ==
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== Help ==

There is no one more active than you in this encyclopedia, so would you please help me translate [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article into your language? Thank you. [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:جودت|جودت]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:جودت|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 12:48, 24 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)</text>
      <sha1>azh5bldnc7b0k90y32k0f6399oxeztf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2842</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176982</id>
      <parentid>173274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T20:40:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
        <id>32142</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176982</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19629" sha1="oxdpdsqrl53vlsvdzgx0t9j6af76j6a" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⴷ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ
|ⵉⵙⵎ  = ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
|ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ  = Fadma Farras ([[ⴳⵍⵣ]])
|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  = IMG-20230606-WA0001.jpg
|ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  = ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ  = {{ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ|1991|10|4}}
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ  = [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵔ]], [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]] [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ  = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Morocco|ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ}}
|ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ  = [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ]]
|ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ  = 
|ⴰⵥⵓⵕ = [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ = [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
|ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ  = 
|ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵛⵛⴳ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⵙⴳⴷ  = 
|ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ  = 
|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ  = *[[2018]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ.
*[[2016]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]].
*[[2015]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.
|ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ = ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ
}}

'''ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵕⴰⵙ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: fadma farras), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]], ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 04 ⵓⴽⵜⵓⴱⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1991.

ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵖⵔ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ|ⵜⵙⴷⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⵓⵀⵔ]] ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2013, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵛⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2016, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⴷ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵣ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019.
ⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2020 ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ; [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ|ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⵓⵀⵔ]] ⴳ [[ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ|ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ]]. ⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018؛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] ⴳ 2016؛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015 ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.

==ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵇⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tawlaft_d_idlisn_n_massa_fadma_farras.jpg|thumb|ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2023]]ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ [[ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ|''ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ'']] (2015), ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵚⵚⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ [[ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ|''ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ'']] (2016) ⴷ [[ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ|''ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ'']] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018, ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ [[ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ]] (2016). ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴰⵡⵜ|''ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴰⵡⵜ'']] (2017) ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ [[ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵖⵔⵏ]] (2018), ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ 2020 ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ [[ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ|''ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ'']] ⴷ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⴰⵖ ''[[ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵙⵜ]]'', ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⴳⴳⴹ.

ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵃⴹⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ &quot;ⴰⴽⵯⴱⴰ, ⵉⴳⵉⵡⴰⵍ&quot; ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⴼⴽ ⵜⵉⴱⴱⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵎ ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵔⴳⵉⵜⵜ, ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⴹⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ, &quot;ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ&quot; ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴱⴱⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴽⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳⵉⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵓⵎ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⴰⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵖⵉⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵎ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴼⴰⵡ ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⴷⵍ .

ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⵜⴰⵚⴹ ⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⵓⵥ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴳ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵜⵉⴼⵢⵓⵔ&quot; ⵜⵡⵙⵙⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ, ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ &quot; ⵍⵎⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼⴰ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵅⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵚⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴽⴰ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵣⴰⴼⵜ, ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⵙⵉⴼⴰⵡ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵄⵓⵕⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵛⵎⵓⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵟⵕⵥ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴼⵉⴼ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴷⵉ ⴰⵥⵎⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵎⵉⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⵓⴳⵏ, ⵜⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⵔⵣ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙⵉⵙⵏⵜ.

ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⵓⴳⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]] ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴳⴹ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵛⵡⴰⵔⵉ&quot; ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ .

ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ, ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵚⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵉⴹⴼⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵉⴷ &quot;ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵛⴳⴰ&quot; ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵃⵎⵍ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉⴳⵉⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ &quot;ⵙⵉⴼⴰⵡ&quot; ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ &quot; ⵜⵃⴰⵏⵓⵜ&quot; ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵎⵉⴳⴳⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.

ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵕ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⴼⵙⵔ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵏⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ &quot;ⵟⵟⴰⴱⵓ&quot; ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴳⴹ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴽ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴽⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵏⵏⵉⵖ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⴰ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴷⵉⴷⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵟⵟⴰ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴱⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵖ ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ &quot;ⴱⴰⵀⴰ ⵎⴰⵏⵙⵓⴱ&quot; ⴼ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ''':'''

&lt;blockquote&gt;
ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ. ⵜⵉⴷⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵛ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ... ⵜⵜⵜⴳⴳ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵎⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵙⵜ ⴷ &quot;ⵍ'ⴰⵓⴷⴰⵛ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵔⴷⴷⵎ ⵉⴳⵯⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ... ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴽⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵖⵔⵏ, ⵜⵜⵓⴳⵏⵜ ⵖⵉⴼⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵍⵎⴷ ⵙⴳⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⵜⵜⵜⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵔⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ...
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tawlaft_d_idlisn_n_massa_fadma_farras_d_tirra_nns.jpg|thumb|ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ]]
*'''2021:''' ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2020''' : ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵙⵜ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2018''' : ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵖⵔⵏ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ) ⴷ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ (ⵜⴰⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ)

*'''2017''' : ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2016''' : ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ (ⵜⴰⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⵯⴰⵔ (ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ)

*'''2015''' : ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
* كتاب جماليات وقضايا في السرد الأمازيغي القصة والرواية، مؤلف جماعي، 2022، منشورات رابطة تبرأ للكتاب الأمازيغي.
* Adlis &quot; tirra n ⵯungal, imsaⵯaln d Ayt ungal s tmaziɣt&quot; 2022, tiẓṛigin n tirra.
* - دراسات في الأدب الأمازيغي الحديث. منشورات رابطة تيرا، 2013.
* قراءات في الرواية الأمازيغية.منشورات رابطة تيرا، 2014.

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{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
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{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ
|ⵉⵙⵎ  = ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
|ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ  = Fadma Farras ([[ⴳⵍⵣ]])
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|ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  = ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ  = {{ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ|1991|10|4}}
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ  = [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵔ]], [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]] [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
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|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ  = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Morocco|ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ}}
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|ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ  = 
|ⴰⵥⵓⵕ = [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ = [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
|ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ  = 
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|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⵙⴳⴷ  = 
|ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ  = 
|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ  = *[[2018]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ.
*[[2016]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]].
*[[2015]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.
|ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ = ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ
}}

'''ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵕⴰⵙ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: fadma farras), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]], ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 04 ⵓⴽⵜⵓⴱⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1991.

ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵖⵔ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ|ⵜⵙⴷⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⵓⵀⵔ]] ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2013, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵛⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2016, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⴷ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵣ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019.
ⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2020 ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ; [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ|ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⵓⵀⵔ]] ⴳ [[ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ|ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ]]. ⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018؛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] ⴳ 2016؛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015 ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.

==ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵇⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tawlaft_d_idlisn_n_massa_fadma_farras.jpg|thumb|ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2023]]ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ [[ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ|''ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ'']] (2015), ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵚⵚⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ [[ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ|''ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ'']] (2016) ⴷ [[ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ|''ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ'']] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018, ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ [[ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ]] (2016). ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴰⵡⵜ|''ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴰⵡⵜ'']] (2017) ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ [[ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵖⵔⵏ]] (2018), ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ 2020 ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ [[ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ|''ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ'']] ⴷ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⴰⵖ ''[[ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵙⵜ]]'', ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⴳⴳⴹ.

ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵃⴹⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ &quot;ⴰⴽⵯⴱⴰ, ⵉⴳⵉⵡⴰⵍ&quot; ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⴼⴽ ⵜⵉⴱⴱⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵎ ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵔⴳⵉⵜⵜ, ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⴹⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ, &quot;ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ&quot; ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴱⴱⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴽⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳⵉⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵓⵎ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⴰⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵖⵉⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵎ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴼⴰⵡ ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⴷⵍ .

ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⵜⴰⵚⴹ ⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⵓⵥ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴳ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵜⵉⴼⵢⵓⵔ&quot; ⵜⵡⵙⵙⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ, ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ &quot; ⵍⵎⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼⴰ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵅⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵚⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴽⴰ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵣⴰⴼⵜ, ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⵙⵉⴼⴰⵡ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵄⵓⵕⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵛⵎⵓⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵟⵕⵥ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴼⵉⴼ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴷⵉ ⴰⵥⵎⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵎⵉⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⵓⴳⵏ, ⵜⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⵔⵣ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙⵉⵙⵏⵜ.

ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⵓⴳⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]] ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴳⴹ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵛⵡⴰⵔⵉ&quot; ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ .

ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ, ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵚⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵉⴹⴼⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵉⴷ &quot;ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵛⴳⴰ&quot; ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵃⵎⵍ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉⴳⵉⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ &quot;ⵙⵉⴼⴰⵡ&quot; ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ &quot; ⵜⵃⴰⵏⵓⵜ&quot; ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵎⵉⴳⴳⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.

ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵕ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⴼⵙⵔ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵏⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ &quot;ⵟⵟⴰⴱⵓ&quot; ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴳⴹ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴽ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴽⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵏⵏⵉⵖ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⴰ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴷⵉⴷⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵟⵟⴰ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴱⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵖ ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ &quot;ⴱⴰⵀⴰ ⵎⴰⵏⵙⵓⴱ&quot; ⴼ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ''':'''

&lt;blockquote&gt;
ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ. ⵜⵉⴷⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵛ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ... ⵜⵜⵜⴳⴳ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵎⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵙⵜ ⴷ &quot;ⵍ'ⴰⵓⴷⴰⵛ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵔⴷⴷⵎ ⵉⴳⵯⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ... ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴽⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵖⵔⵏ, ⵜⵜⵓⴳⵏⵜ ⵖⵉⴼⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵍⵎⴷ ⵙⴳⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⵜⵜⵜⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵔⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ...
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tawlaft_d_idlisn_n_massa_fadma_farras_d_tirra_nns.jpg|thumb|ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ]]
*'''2021:''' ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2020''' : ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵙⵜ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2018''' : ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵖⵔⵏ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ) ⴷ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ (ⵜⴰⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ)

*'''2017''' : ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2016''' : ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ (ⵜⴰⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⵯⴰⵔ (ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ)

*'''2015''' : ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
* كتاب جماليات وقضايا في السرد الأمازيغي القصة والرواية، مؤلف جماعي، 2022، منشورات رابطة تبرأ للكتاب الأمازيغي.
* Adlis &quot; tirra n ⵯungal, imsaⵯaln d Ayt ungal s tmaziɣt&quot; 2022, tiẓṛigin n tirra.
* - دراسات في الأدب الأمازيغي الحديث. منشورات رابطة تيرا، 2013.
* قراءات في الرواية الأمازيغية.منشورات رابطة تيرا، 2014.

{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ|ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ|ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵜ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ
|ⵉⵙⵎ  = ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
|ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ  = Fadma Farras ([[ⴳⵍⵣ]])
|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  = IMG-20230606-WA0001.jpg
|ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  = ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ  = {{ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ|1991|10|4}}
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ  = [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵔ]], [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]] [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ  = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Morocco|ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ}}
|ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ  = [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ]]
|ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ  = 
|ⴰⵥⵓⵕ = [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ = [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
|ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ  = 
|ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵛⵛⴳ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⵙⴳⴷ  = 
|ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ  = 
|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ  = *[[2018]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ.
*[[2016]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]].
*[[2015]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.
|ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ = ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ
}}

'''ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵕⴰⵙ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: fadma farras), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]], ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 04 ⵓⴽⵜⵓⴱⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1991.

ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵖⵔ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ|ⵜⵙⴷⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⵓⵀⵔ]] ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2013, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵛⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2016, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⴷ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵣ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019.
ⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2020 ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ; [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ|ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⵓⵀⵔ]] ⴳ [[ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ|ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ]]. ⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018؛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] ⴳ 2016؛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015 ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.

==ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵇⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tawlaft_d_idlisn_n_massa_fadma_farras.jpg|thumb|ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2023]]ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ [[ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ|''ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ'']] (2015), ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵚⵚⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ [[ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ|''ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ'']] (2016) ⴷ [[ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ|''ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ'']] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018, ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ [[ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ]] (2016). ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴰⵡⵜ|''ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴰⵡⵜ'']] (2017) ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ [[ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵖⵔⵏ]] (2018), ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ 2020 ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ [[ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ|''ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ'']] ⴷ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⴰⵖ ''[[ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵙⵜ]]'', ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⴳⴳⴹ.

ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵃⴹⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ &quot;ⴰⴽⵯⴱⴰ, ⵉⴳⵉⵡⴰⵍ&quot; ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⴼⴽ ⵜⵉⴱⴱⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵎ ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵔⴳⵉⵜⵜ, ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⴹⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ, &quot;ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ&quot; ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴱⴱⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴽⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳⵉⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵓⵎ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⴰⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵖⵉⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵎ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴼⴰⵡ ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⴷⵍ .

ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⵜⴰⵚⴹ ⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⵓⵥ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴳ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵜⵉⴼⵢⵓⵔ&quot; ⵜⵡⵙⵙⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ, ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ &quot; ⵍⵎⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼⴰ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵅⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵚⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴽⴰ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵣⴰⴼⵜ, ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⵙⵉⴼⴰⵡ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵄⵓⵕⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵛⵎⵓⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵟⵕⵥ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴼⵉⴼ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴷⵉ ⴰⵥⵎⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵎⵉⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⵓⴳⵏ, ⵜⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⵔⵣ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙⵉⵙⵏⵜ.

ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⵓⴳⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]] ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴳⴹ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵛⵡⴰⵔⵉ&quot; ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ .

ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ, ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵚⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵉⴹⴼⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵉⴷ &quot;ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵛⴳⴰ&quot; ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵃⵎⵍ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉⴳⵉⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ &quot;ⵙⵉⴼⴰⵡ&quot; ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ &quot; ⵜⵃⴰⵏⵓⵜ&quot; ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵎⵉⴳⴳⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.

ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵕ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⴼⵙⵔ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵏⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ &quot;ⵟⵟⴰⴱⵓ&quot; ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴳⴹ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴽ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴽⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵏⵏⵉⵖ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⴰ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴷⵉⴷⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵟⵟⴰ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴱⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵖ ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ &quot;ⴱⴰⵀⴰ ⵎⴰⵏⵙⵓⴱ&quot; ⴼ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ''':'''

&lt;blockquote&gt;
ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ. ⵜⵉⴷⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵛ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ... ⵜⵜⵜⴳⴳ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵎⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵙⵜ ⴷ &quot;ⵍ'ⴰⵓⴷⴰⵛ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵔⴷⴷⵎ ⵉⴳⵯⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ... ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴽⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵖⵔⵏ, ⵜⵜⵓⴳⵏⵜ ⵖⵉⴼⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵍⵎⴷ ⵙⴳⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⵜⵜⵜⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵔⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ...
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tawlaft_d_idlisn_n_massa_fadma_farras_d_tirra_nns.jpg|thumb|ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ]]
*'''2021:''' ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2020''' : ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵙⵜ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2018''' : ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵖⵔⵏ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ) ⴷ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ (ⵜⴰⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ)

*'''2017''' : ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2016''' : ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ (ⵜⴰⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⵯⴰⵔ (ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ)

*'''2015''' : ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
* كتاب جماليات وقضايا في السرد الأمازيغي القصة والرواية، مؤلف جماعي، 2022، منشورات رابطة تبرأ للكتاب الأمازيغي.
* Adlis &quot; tirra n ⵯungal, imsaⵯaln d Ayt ungal s tmaziɣt&quot; 2022, tiẓṛigin n tirra.
* - دراسات في الأدب الأمازيغي الحديث. منشورات رابطة تيرا، 2013.
* قراءات في الرواية الأمازيغية.منشورات رابطة تيرا، 2014.

{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ|ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ|ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵜ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ
|ⵉⵙⵎ  = ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
|ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ  = Fadma Farras ([[ⴳⵍⵣ]])
|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  = IMG-20230606-WA0001.jpg
|ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ  = ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ  = {{ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ|1991|10|4}}
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ  = [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵔ]], [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]] [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]
|ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ  = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Morocco|ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ}}
|ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ  = [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ]]
|ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ  = 
|ⴰⵥⵓⵕ = [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ = [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]
|ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ  = 
|ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵛⵛⴳ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ  = 
|ⴰⵙⴳⴷ  = 
|ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ  = 
|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ  = *[[2018]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ.
*[[2016]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]].
*[[2015]]: ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.
|ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ  = 
|ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ  = 
|ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ = ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ
}}

'''ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵕⴰⵙ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: fadma farras), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]], ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 04 ⵓⴽⵜⵓⴱⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1991.

ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵖⵔ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ|ⵜⵙⴷⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⵓⵀⵔ]] ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2013, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵛⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2016, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⴷ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019.
ⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2020 ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ; [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ|ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⵓⵀⵔ]] ⴳ [[ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ|ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ]]. ⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018؛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] ⴳ 2016؛ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015 ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.

==ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵇⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tawlaft_d_idlisn_n_massa_fadma_farras.jpg|thumb|ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2023]]ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ [[ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ|''ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ'']] (2015), ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵚⵚⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ [[ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ|''ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ'']] (2016) ⴷ [[ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ|''ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ'']] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018, ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ [[ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ]] (2016). ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴰⵡⵜ|''ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴰⵡⵜ'']] (2017) ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ [[ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵖⵔⵏ]] (2018), ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ 2020 ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ [[ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ|''ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ'']] ⴷ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⴰⵖ ''[[ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵙⵜ]]'', ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⴳⴳⴹ.

ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵃⴹⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵏⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ &quot;ⴰⴽⵯⴱⴰ, ⵉⴳⵉⵡⴰⵍ&quot; ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵏⴼⴽ ⵜⵉⴱⴱⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵎ ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵔⴳⵉⵜⵜ, ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⴹⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ, &quot;ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ&quot; ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴱⴱⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴽⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳⵉⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵓⵎ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⴰⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵖⵉⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵎ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴼⴰⵡ ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⴷⵍ .

ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⵜⴰⵚⴹ ⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⵓⵥ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴳ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵜⵉⴼⵢⵓⵔ&quot; ⵜⵡⵙⵙⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵄⵔⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ, ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ &quot; ⵍⵎⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼⴰ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵅⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵚⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴽⴰ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵣⴰⴼⵜ, ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⵙⵉⴼⴰⵡ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵄⵓⵕⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵛⵎⵓⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵟⵕⵥ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴼⵉⴼ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴷⵉ ⴰⵥⵎⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵎⵉⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⵓⴳⵏ, ⵜⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⵔⵣ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙⵉⵙⵏⵜ.

ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⵓⴳⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ]] ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴳⴹ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵛⵡⴰⵔⵉ&quot; ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ .

ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ, ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵚⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵉⴹⴼⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵉⴷ &quot;ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵛⴳⴰ&quot; ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵃⵎⵍ &quot;ⵏⴰⵜⵉⵔ&quot; ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉⴳⵉⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ &quot;ⵙⵉⴼⴰⵡ&quot; ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ &quot; ⵜⵃⴰⵏⵓⵜ&quot; ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵎⵉⴳⴳⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.

ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵕ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⴼⵙⵔ ⴰⴹⵕⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵏⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ &quot;ⵟⵟⴰⴱⵓ&quot; ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵏⴳⴹ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴽ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴽⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵏⵏⵉⵖ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⴰ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴷⵉⴷⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵟⵟⴰ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴱⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵖ ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ &quot;ⴱⴰⵀⴰ ⵎⴰⵏⵙⵓⴱ&quot; ⴼ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ''':'''

&lt;blockquote&gt;
ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ. ⵜⵉⴷⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵛ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ... ⵜⵜⵜⴳⴳ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵎⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵙⵜ ⴷ &quot;ⵍ'ⴰⵓⴷⴰⵛ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵔⴷⴷⵎ ⵉⴳⵯⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ... ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴽⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵖⵔⵏ, ⵜⵜⵓⴳⵏⵜ ⵖⵉⴼⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵍⵎⴷ ⵙⴳⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⵜⵜⵜⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⵙⵔⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ...
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tawlaft_d_idlisn_n_massa_fadma_farras_d_tirra_nns.jpg|thumb|ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⴹⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ]]
*'''2021:''' ⵉⴱⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵔ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2020''' : ⵜⵉⴼⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵙⵜ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2018''' : ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵜⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵖⵔⵏ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ) ⴷ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖⵍⴰ (ⵜⴰⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ)

*'''2017''' : ⴰⵙⴽⵯⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⴽⴰⵡⵜ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

*'''2016''' : ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ (ⵜⴰⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⵯⴰⵔ (ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ)

*'''2015''' : ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵛⴹⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵎ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ)

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
* كتاب جماليات وقضايا في السرد الأمازيغي القصة والرواية، مؤلف جماعي، 2022، منشورات رابطة تبرأ للكتاب الأمازيغي.
* Adlis &quot; tirra n ⵯungal, imsaⵯaln d Ayt ungal s tmaziɣt&quot; 2022, tiẓṛigin n tirra.
* - دراسات في الأدب الأمازيغي الحديث. منشورات رابطة تيرا، 2013.
* قراءات في الرواية الأمازيغية.منشورات رابطة تيرا، 2014.

{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ|ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ|ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵜ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ , ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ , ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ , ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ , ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ , ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ , ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ , ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ , ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ , ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ , ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ , ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ , ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ , ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ , ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ , ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ , ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ , ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ , ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ, ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ, ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ, ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ, ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
[[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ]] ⵏⵖⴷⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ|ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ. 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ:==
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]] ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵣ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵉ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ 

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵊⴰⴷ:==
ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (syllabic):==
ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (C+V). ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ&quot; ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜ ⴽⴰ (カ) ⴽⵓ (こ) ⴽⵉ (き) ⵥⵕ ⴽⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵛⵛⵎ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵥⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ.

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓⴼⵉⵔⴰⵢ (Logosyllabic):==
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ&quot; ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍ, ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼ &quot;ⴰⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ (unit) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ, ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⵉⵜ 小 ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ “xiǎo” ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ / ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ)

==ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵓⴳⵉⴷⴰ:==
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵏ (characteristics) ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ (consonant) ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵖ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ. ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵀⴰⵔⴰⵜ (ⵍⵀⵏⴷ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ &quot;ⴷⵉⵠⴰⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔⵉ&quot; (devanagari), ⵜⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ &quot;ⴳⵉⵉⵣ&quot; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ|ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ}}</text>
      <sha1>4g4fkdq4vf9k6vhzxt2tmxk5m04ui2z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Params</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5490</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176940</id>
      <parentid>176626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T18:19:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>1753</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Upstream updates</comment>
      <origin>176940</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="81730" sha1="fdgmy2j5zj2k25i8s1rqr5wi8hre2zs" xml:space="preserve">require[[strict]]


	---                                        ---
	---     LOCAL ENVIRONMENT                  ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Abstract utilities ]]--
	----------------------------


-- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers)
local function zero_padded (str)
	return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str)
end


-- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting)
local function natural_sort (var1, var2)
	return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) &lt; var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded)
end


-- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number
local function get_parameter_name (par_str)
	local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end
	return tonumber(ret)
end


-- Return a copy or a reference to a table
local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly)
	if refonly then return src end
	local newtab = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end
	return newtab
end


-- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left
local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len)
	local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt;= idx then
			if key &gt; tmp then cache[key - len] = val end
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = 1 - idx
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = idx - 1
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and
-- always parsing numeric strings as numbers
local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey)
	local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey)
	if skey ~= realkey then
		dest[realkey] = val
		src[skey] = nil
	end
end


-- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys
local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn)
	local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nn = nn + 1
			nums[nn] = key
		else
			nw = nw + 1
			words[nw] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	table.sort(words, sort_fn)
	return nums, words, nn, nw
end


	--[[ Public strings ]]--
	------------------------


-- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local mkeywords = {
	['or'] = 0,
	pattern = 1,
	plain = 2,
	strict = 3
}


-- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local sortfunctions = {
	alphabetically = false,
	naturally = natural_sort
}


-- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers
-- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
--[[

Meanings of the columns:

  col[1] = Loop type (0-3)
  col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3)
  col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback
  col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name
  col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value
  col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]`
  col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]`

A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`)

]]--
local mapping_styles = {
	names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 },
	values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 },
	values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 },
	names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 },
	names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 },
	names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 },
	values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 },
	blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
}


-- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local memoryslots = {
	h = 'header',
	f = 'footer',
	i = 'itersep',
	l = 'lastsep',
	n = 'ifngiven',
	p = 'pairsep',
	s = 'oxfordsep'
}


-- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier
local trim_parse_opts = {
	trim_none = { false, false },
	trim_positional = { false, true },
	trim_named = { true, false },
	trim_all = { true, true }
}


-- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local isep_parse_opts = {
	splitter_pattern = false,
	splitter_string = true
}


-- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local psep_parse_opts = {
	setter_pattern = false,
	setter_string = true
}


-- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier
local position_references = {
	add_nothing = 0,
	add_smallest_number = 1,
	add_last_of_sequence = 2,
	add_largest_number = 3
}


-- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `let`


	--[[ Module's private environment ]]--
	--------------------------------------


-- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`)
local modulename = 'Module:Params'


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args`
-- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also
-- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available
local refpipe = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	--coins = true,
	count = true,
	evaluating = true,
	for_each = true,
	list = true,
	list_values = true,
	list_maybe_with_names = true,
	value_of = true
}


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the
-- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if 
-- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own
-- (modified) copy available
local refparams = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	combining = true,
	combining_by_calling = true,
	combining_values = true,
	concat_and_call = true,
	concat_and_invoke = true,
	concat_and_magic = true,
	count = true,
	grouping_by_calling = true,
	mixing_names_and_values = true,
	renaming_by_mixing = true,
	renaming_to_sequence = true,
	renaming_to_uppercase = true,
	renaming_to_lowercase = true,
	--renaming_to_values = true,
	shifting = true,
	splicing = true,
	--swapping_names_and_values = true,
	value_of = true,
	with_name_matching = true
}


-- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we
-- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its
-- optimal value at Module talk:Params)
local maxfill = 1024


-- The private table of functions
local library = {}


-- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position
local static_iface = {}


-- Create a new context
local function context_new (child_frame)
	local ctx = {}
	ctx.frame = child_frame:getParent()
	ctx.opipe = child_frame.args
	ctx.oparams = ctx.frame.args
	ctx.firstposonly = static_iface
	ctx.iterfunc = pairs
	ctx.sorttype = 0
	ctx.n_parents = 0
	ctx.n_children = 0
	ctx.n_available = maxfill
	return ctx
end


-- Move to the next action within the user-given list
local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward)
	local nextfn
	if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then
		nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	end
	if nextfn == nil then error(modulename ..
		': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
	if library[nextfn] == nil then
		if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0)
		else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn ..
			'’ directive can only appear in first position', 0)
		end
	end
	remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward)
	return library[nextfn]
end


-- Main loop
local function main_loop (ctx, start_with)
	local fn = start_with
	repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn
	if ctx.n_parents &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end
	if ctx.n_children &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end
end


-- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table
local function set_strings (dest, opts, start_from)
	local cmd
	if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end
	cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/')
		:match'^/*(.*[^/])'
	if cmd == nil then return start_from end
	local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1
	local vname
	local chr
	for idx = 1, #cmd do
		chr = cmd:byte(idx)
		if chr == sep then
			for key, val in ipairs(amap) do
				dest[val] = opts[argc]
				amap[key] = nil
			end
			argc = argc + 1
		else
			vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)]
			if vname == nil then error(modulename ..
				', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' ..
				string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end
			table.insert(amap, vname)
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end
	return argc
end


-- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children`
local function push_cloned_stack (ctx, tbl)
	local newparams = {}
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
end


-- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or
-- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil`
local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg)
	if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end
	local tmp = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if tmp == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false end
	tmp = sortfunctions[tmp]
	if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false end
	return tmp or nil, 2, true
end


-- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let]|[...][number of additional
-- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]`
local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after)
	local tbl, pin = {}, start_from
	local names
	if src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' and
		src[pin + 1] ~= nil and src[pin + 2] ~= nil
	then
		names = {}
		repeat
			names[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])] = src[pin + 2]
			pin = pin + 3
		until src[pin] == nil or not src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' or
			src[pin + 1] == nil or src[pin + 2] == nil
	end
	local tmp = tonumber(src[pin])
	if tmp ~= nil and math.floor(tmp) == tmp then
		if tmp &lt; 0 then tmp = -1 end
		local shf = append_after - pin
		for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp do tbl[idx + shf] = src[idx] end
		pin = pin + tmp + 1
	end
	if names ~= nil then
		for key, val in pairs(names) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return tbl, pin
end


-- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*`
-- class of modifiers
local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style)
	local style
	local shf
	local tmp = src[n_skip + 1]
	if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1
	else shf = n_skip end
	local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5]
	tmp = style[6]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			karg = tonumber(karg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg)
		end
	end
	tmp = style[7]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			varg = tonumber(varg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg)
		end
	end
	local dest, nargs = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist)
	tmp = style[1]
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 2 end
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 1 end
	return dest, nargs, tmp, karg, varg
end


-- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of
-- modifiers
local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami)
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end
	local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3
	if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end
	local flg = opts[argc]
	if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end
	return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax &lt; 1) or
		(flg == 3 and ptn == repl)
end


-- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers
local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami)
	local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1
	local keyw
	for _, val in ipairs(opts) do
		if state == 0 then
			nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1
			ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false }
		else
			keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or (
				state &gt; 0 and mkeywords[keyw] &gt; 0
			) then break
			else
				state = mkeywords[keyw]
				if state &gt; 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end
				if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end
			end
		end
		cnt = cnt + 1
	end
	if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami ..
		'’: No pattern was given', 0) end
	return ptns, nptns, cnt
end


-- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing` and `reinterpreting` modifiers
local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp)
	local tmp
	local optslots, noptslots, argc = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from
	local trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = true, false, true, true
	repeat
		noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc]
		if tmp == nil then break end
		tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp]
			trimn, trimu = tmp[1], tmp[2]
			optslots[1] = nil
		elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			iplain, isp = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc]
			optslots[2] = nil
		elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			pplain, psp = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc]
			optslots[3] = nil
		else break end
		argc = argc + 1
	until noptslots &lt; 1
	return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc
end


-- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table
local value_maps = {
	[0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end
	end,
	[1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end
}


-- Private table for `map_names()`
local name_thieves = {
	[0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end
}


-- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table
local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn)
	local cache = {}
	name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric
-- suffixes in its keys
local function make_groups (src)
	-- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable!
	local prefix
	local gid
	local groups = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		-- `key` must only be a string or a number...
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$'
			gid = tonumber(gid) or ''
		else
			prefix = ''
			gid = key
		end
		if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end
		if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			prefix = tonumber(prefix)
			if prefix &lt; 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end
		end
		groups[gid][prefix] = val
	end
	return groups
end


-- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and
-- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length
local function parse_placeholder_string (target)
	local skel = {}
	local canvas = {}
	local idx = 1
	local s_pos = 1
	local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false)
	while e_pos ~= nil do
		canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1)
		skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@'
		idx = idx + 2
		s_pos = e_pos + 2
		e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false)
	end
	if (s_pos &gt; target:len()) then idx = idx - 1
	else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end
	return skel, canvas, idx
end


-- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string
local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru)
	local key
	local val
	local spos1
	local spos2
	local pos1
	local pos2
	local pos3 = 0
	local idx = 1
	local lenplone = #str + 1
	if isp == nil or isp == '' then
		if psp == nil or psp == '' then
			if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else tbl[idx] = str end
			return idx
		end
		spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else val = str end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = str:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
		return idx
	end
	if psp == nil or psp == '' then
		repeat
			pos1 = pos3 + 1
			pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
			val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			tbl[idx] = val
			idx = idx + 1
		until pos2 == nil
		return idx
	end
	repeat
		pos1 = pos3 + 1
		pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
		val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
		spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = val:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
	until pos2 == nil
	return idx
end


-- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values`
local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function
	-- MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local vars = {}
	local sortfn, tmp, do_sort = load_sort_opt(opts[2])
	local argc = set_strings(vars, opts, tmp + 1)
	if argc &lt; tmp then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end
	if next(tbl) == nil then
		if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then
			ctx.params = {
				[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven
			}
		elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end
		return argc
	end
	local cache
	local len
	if do_sort then
		local words
		cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end
		len = len + tmp
	else
		cache = {}
		len = 0
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = key
		end
	end
	local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or ''
	for idx = 1, len do
		tmp = cache[idx]
		pmap[nss + 1] = pps
		pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs)
		nss = nss + 2
	end
	tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep
	if tmp ~= nil and nss &gt; 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp
	elseif nss &gt; 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then
		pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep
	end
	pmap[1] = vars.header or ''
	if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end
	ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) }
	return argc
end


-- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric
-- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options
-- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters
local function concat_params (ctx)
	local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		-- We need only the sequence
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end
	else
		if ctx.subset == -1 then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				retval[key + nmax] = val
			else retval[key] = val end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end
	return retval
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this
-- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function flush_params (ctx, fn)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
			for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
			return
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset ~= -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
			fn(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value
-- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		flush_params(ctx, fn_oth)
		return
	end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		local sequence = {}
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do
			if sequence[nums[idx]] then
				fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]])
			else
				fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]])
			end
		end
		if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		return
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
		fn_seq(key, val)
		tbl[key] = nil
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end
end


-- Finalize and return a concatenated list
local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize)
	if len &gt; 0 then
		local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep
		if tmp ~= nil and len &gt; modsize * 2 then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp
		elseif len &gt; modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep
		end
		lst[1] = ctx.header or ''
		if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end
		ctx.text = table.concat(lst)
	else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
end


	--[[ Modifiers ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to
library.sequential = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc = ipairs
	ctx.subset = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to
library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc = pairs
	ctx.subset = -1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to
library.all_sorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to
library.reassorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 2
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to
library.setting = function (ctx)
	local argc = set_strings(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1)
	if argc &lt; 2 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|pipe to
library.scoring = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local retval = 0
	for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = tostring(retval)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to
library.squeezing = function (ctx)
	local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			newlen = newlen + 1
			indices[newlen] = key
			store[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	table.sort(indices)
	for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to
library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx)
	local tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmax == nil then
				if key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
				nmax = key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
			nnums = nnums + 1
			tmp[key] = val
		end
	end
	if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin &gt; nnums then
		ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax
		if ctx.n_available &lt; 0 then error(modulename ..
			', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' ..
			tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end
		for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = '' end
		for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to
library.clearing = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local numerics = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to
library.cutting = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local len = #tbl
	if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
	if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
	local tot = lcut + rcut
	if tot &gt; 0 then
		local cache = {}
		if tot &gt;= len then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
			tot = len
		else
			for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				if key &gt; len then cache[key - tot] = val
				else cache[key - lcut] = val end
				tbl[key] = nil
			end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to
library.cropping = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local nmin
	local nmax
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	if nmin ~= nil then
		local len = nmax - nmin + 1
		if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
		if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
		if lcut + rcut - len &gt; -1 then
			for key in pairs(tbl) do
				if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end
			end
		elseif lcut + rcut &gt; 0 then
			for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1
			if lshift &gt; 0 then
				for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do
					tbl[idx - lshift] = tbl[idx]
					tbl[idx] = nil
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.purging = function (ctx)
	local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &lt; 1 then
		len = len + table.maxn(tbl)
		if idx &gt; len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = len - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.backpurging = function (ctx)
	local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local idx
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &gt; 0 then
		idx = last - len + 1
	else
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or
				key &lt; idx) then idx = key end
		end
		if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		idx = idx - len
		if last &lt; idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = last - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to
library.shifting = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then
		error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end
	local tbl = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val
		else tbl[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to
library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
			if key &gt; nmax then nmax = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local shift = #tbl + 1
	if shift &lt; 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end
	local numerics = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	local nmax
	local nmin
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
			if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0
	local tmp
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nsize = nsize + 1
			cache[nsize] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(cache)
	for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do
		tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ]
		tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ]
		tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to
library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx)
	local sortfn
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then
		sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$']
	end
	if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn)
	else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil`
	if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment|
--            [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to
library.splicing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	local tmp1 = opts[1]
	local tmp2
	local argc
	local pos
	local refp
	if tmp1 ~= nil then
		tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1)
		if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then
			pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4,
				tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if tmp2 ~= nil then
				refp = position_references[tmp2]
				if refp == nil then error(modulename ..
					', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) ..
					'’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end
			else refp = 0 end
		else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end
	else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end
	if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end
	if refp == 2 then
		for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end
		refp = 0
	end
	tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil
	if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' then
				if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key
				elseif key &lt; tmp1 then tmp1 = key
				elseif key &gt; tmp2 then tmp2 = key end
			end
		end
	end
	if tmp2 == nil then len = 0
	elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2
	elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end
	if len &gt; 0 and pos + len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len)
	elseif len &lt; 0 and pos - len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len)
	else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end
	ctx.params = tbl
	tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc])
	if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 1) then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end
	if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	tmp2 = argc - pos + 1
	for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to
library.imposing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2]
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to
library.providing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end
	local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])
	if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to
library.discarding = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil then
		ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end
	if len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end
	for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to
library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to
library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_name_matching = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_matching')
	local tmp
	local ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local newparams = {}
	for idx = 1, nptns do
		ptn = targets[idx]
		if ptn[3] then
			tmp = ptn[1]
			if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
				tmp = tonumber(tmp)
			end
			newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp]
		else
			for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
				if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
					newparams[key] = val
				end
			end
		end
	end
	ctx.params = newparams
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_not_matching')
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then
		local tmp = targets[1][1]
		if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil
		else tbl[tmp] = nil end
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local yesmatch
	local ptn
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_value_matching = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_matching')
	local nomatch
	local ptn
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		nomatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val == ptn[1] then
					nomatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				nomatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_not_matching')
	local yesmatch
	local ptn
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to
library.trimming_values = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter
--            1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1,
		mapping_styles.values_only)
	local model = { title = tname, args = margs }
	value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2,
		mapping_styles.values_only)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument
--            1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1,
		mapping_styles.values_only)
	value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs)
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local mix = ctx.pipe[1]
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if mix == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to
library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1])
	local cache
	local len
	if do_sort then
		local words
		local wl
		cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end
		for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end
	else
		cache = {}
		len = 0
		for _, val in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter
--            1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1,
		mapping_styles.names_only)
	local model = { title = tname, args = rargs }
	map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2,
		mapping_styles.names_only)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument
--            1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1,
		mapping_styles.names_only)
	map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs)
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn)
		local val = tbl[ptn]
		if val ~= nil then
			tbl[ptn] = nil
			tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = val
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		local cache = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache,
				tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax))
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache = {}
	if mix == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	else
		local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val
				else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to
--[[
library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template
--            name|[let]|[...]|[number of additional arguments]|[argument
--            1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tmp
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local argc
	tmp, argc = load_child_opts(opts, 2, 0)
	local gargs = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &lt; 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val
		else gargs[key] = val end
	end
	local groups = make_groups(ctx.params)
	for gid, group in pairs(groups) do
		for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end
		group[0] = gid
		model.args = group
		groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end
	ctx.params = groups
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.parsing = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
		trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim
--            flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter
--            setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.reinterpreting = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local str = tbl[tmp]
	if str ~= nil then
		tbl[tmp] = nil
		parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
			trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.evaluating = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':')
	if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then
		ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe)
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local new_opts, cache = {}, {}
	local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain,
		psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc
	for key, val in pairs(opts) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; 1 then new_opts[key] = val
		elseif key &gt;= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end
	ctx.pipe = new_opts
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to
library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end
	local cache = {}
	local mix_k, mix_v = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', ctx.pipe[2]
	local tmp
	if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key)
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end
	else
		local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k)
		local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			tmp = tostring(key)
			for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do
				if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end
			end
			for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do
				if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] =
				table.concat(cnv_v)
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort order]|setting
--            directives|...|pipe to
library.combining = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end,
		'combining'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return val end,
		'combining_values'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
			title = tname,
			args = ctx.params
		}
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new
--            parameter name|pipe to
library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local mname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = ctx.pipe[2]
	if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] =
			tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 4)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local magic = ctx.pipe[1]
	if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] =
			ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params)
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|snapshotting|pipe to
library.snapshotting = function (ctx)
	push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.params)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|remembering|pipe to
library.remembering = function (ctx)
	push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.oparams)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to
library.entering_substack = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents + 1
	if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl }
	else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then
		ctx.params = {}
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	if currsnap &gt; 0 then
		ctx.params = ctx.children[currsnap]
		ctx.children[currsnap] = nil
		ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1
	else
		local newparams = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
		ctx.params = newparams
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to
library.pulling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end
	local parent
	local tmp = ctx.n_parents
	if tmp &lt; 1 then parent = ctx.oparams else parent = ctx.parents[tmp] end
	tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to
library.detaching_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to
library.dropping_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to
library.leaving_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end
	ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to
library.merging_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	local child = ctx.params
	ctx.params = parent
	ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1
	for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to
library.flushing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.params
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end
	ctx.children[currsnap] = nil
	ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


	--[[ Functions ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|count
library.count = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local retval = 0
	for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end
	ctx.text = retval
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]
--            |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value
--            n]|[...]
library.concat_and_call = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
		title = tname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	}
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend
--            1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            item n=value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2)
	local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{
		title = 'Module:' .. mname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	})
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend
--            2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=
--            value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx))
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name
library.value_of = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local val
	local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
		key = tonumber(key)
		val = ctx.params[key]
		-- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in
		-- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable)
		if val ~= nil and (
			ctx.subset ~= -1 or key &gt; #ctx.params or key &lt; 1
		) and (
			ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key &lt;= #ctx.params and key &gt; 0)
		) then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	else
		val = ctx.params[key]
		if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	end
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list
library.list = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = key
			ret[nss + 3] = kvs
			ret[nss + 4] = val
			nss = nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_values
library.list_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	-- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us
	local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = val
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names
library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	mixed_flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = ''
			ret[nss + 3] = ''
			ret[nss + 4] = val
			nss = nss + 4
		end,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = key
			ret[nss + 3] = kvs
			ret[nss + 4] = val
			nss = nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value
--            2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.coins = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin =
--            value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
library.unique_coins = function (ctx)
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	local tmp
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		tmp = get_parameter_name(val)
		tbl[key] = opts[tmp]
		opts[tmp] = nil
	end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext
library.for_each = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or ''
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
				else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = table.concat(cnv)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = key
			opts[2] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append
--            1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]
--            |[named param n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]

	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = key
			opts[2] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = key
			opts[2] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]
--            |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            param n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local tmp
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val
		else opts[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.pipe = opts
	ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (gid, group)
			for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end
			group[0] = gid
			model.args = group
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


	---                                        ---
	---     PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT                 ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|new|pipe to
static_iface.new = function (child_frame)
	local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
	ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false)
	ctx.params = {}
	main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1))
	return ctx.text
end


	--[[ First-position-only functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|self
static_iface.self = function (frame)
	return frame:getParent():getTitle()
end


	--[[ Public metatable of functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (_, query)
		local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
			': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
		local func = static_iface[fname]
		if func ~= nil then return func end
		func = library[fname]
		if func == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
		return function (child_frame)
			local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
			ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname])
			ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname])
			main_loop(ctx, func)
			return ctx.text
		end
	end
})</text>
      <sha1>fdgmy2j5zj2k25i8s1rqr5wi8hre2zs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>43374</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176939</id>
      <parentid>176311</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T17:12:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons */ new section</comment>
      <origin>176939</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18766" sha1="8eibm56it8471grfogs1cf8b6elvq9s" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ}}
{{ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ}}
{{ⵏⴹⵓ |20px}}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Template:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ/styles.css&quot;/&gt;
__TOC__

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

22:02, 19 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2026 (+01)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29905753 --&gt;

== ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ==

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ {{ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ}}! ⴰⵔ ⵙⵙⵉⵜⵉⵎⵖ ⴰ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵉⵛⵏⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵔⵖ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ. ⵉⴳ ⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵎ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵖⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴽⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⴳ ⴳⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴼⴽⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ {{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} ⵏⵖ {{ⵎⴳⴰⵍ}} --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 21:06, 28 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2026 (+00)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 21:06, 28 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2026 (+00)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ|ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 22:04, 28 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2026 (+00)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}}--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 22:50, 28 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2026 (+00)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}}----[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⵟⴰⵢⵢⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵃ|ⵟⴰⵢⵢⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵃ]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⵟⴰⵢⵢⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵃ|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 23:12, 28 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2026 (+00)

:{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⵕⴰⵊⵉ|ⵕⴰⵊⵉ]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⵕⴰⵊⵉ|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 23:57, 28 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2026 (+00)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ZacharyB|ZacharyB]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ZacharyB|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 13:23, 1 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2026 (+00)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ABDELATIF ANADJAR|ABDELATIF ANADJAR]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ABDELATIF ANADJAR|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 14:15, 1 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2026 (+00)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}}[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:El Hassan BOUTSSAID|El Hassan BOUTSSAID]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:El Hassan BOUTSSAID|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 10:27, 4 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2026 (+00)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} - [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Aksel Tinfat|Aksel Tinfat]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Aksel Tinfat|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 22:21, 4 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2026 (+00)

ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⴰ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ! ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Permissions#Lhoussine_AIT_TAYFST@zghwiki ⵥⵕ ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵜⴰ-ⵡⵉⴽⵉ]) --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 22:22, 5 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2026 (+00)


 ''' ⴷⵉⴷⵙ''' [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Daoudsfouli|Daoudsfouli]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Daoudsfouli|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 19:23, 5 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:CAnanian (WMF)|C. Scott Ananian]] (Parsoid technical lead)&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:48, 18 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:CAnanian (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-04-20_Wikipedias&amp;oldid=30424286 --&gt;

== ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ (Adminship request) ==

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ {{ⴰⵔⵇⵇⴰⵙ}}, ⵙⵙⵉⵜⵎⵖ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵯⵏ ⵜⴰⴼ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ. ⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵜⴼⴽⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵖ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⴷ. ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⴰⵜ &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; {{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} ⵏⵖ &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ⵎⴳⴰⵍ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; {{ⵎⴳⴰⵍ}} ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ.--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 01:02, 24 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ|ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 09:14, 24 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)

:{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 11:11, 24 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)
:{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ZacharyB|ZacharyB]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ZacharyB|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 22:53, 25 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)
:{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} - [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Aksel Tinfat|Aksel Tinfat]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Aksel Tinfat|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 06:50, 26 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)
:ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⵓⵎⵥⵖ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ. [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 16:58, 11 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:MediaWiki message delivery|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 01:58, 26 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ==

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ {{ⴰⵔⵇⵇⴰⵙ}} ⵉⴳ ⵉⵢⵉ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ! ⴽⵓ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵉⴼⴽ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-zgh.svg
File:Wikipedia Logo zgh h.svg
File:Wikipedia logo h zgh.svg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 16:47, 11 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
:ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ]], ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵙⴼⵉⵡⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⴷ. ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ. [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 17:02, 11 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
::ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳ ⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴼⴰⵍⴽⵉ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⴰⴷ --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 17:37, 11 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} -- [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 23:59, 11 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 17:38, 11 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ABDELATIF ANADJAR|ABDELATIF ANADJAR]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ABDELATIF ANADJAR|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 23:48, 11 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
*{{ⴷⵉⴷⵙ}} --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ|ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 14:32, 12 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
:Why am I pinged here? [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Robertsky|Robertsky]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Robertsky|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 19:47, 11 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
::Hi @[[user:Robertsky|Robertsky]], Because this [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⴰⵔⵇⵇⴰⵙ|template]] pings last month active users for opend discussions on this wiki. I will modify it to ping only local users. [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 00:09, 12 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
:::@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]], I see. That's an interesting way to rally the community for discussions. 👍I have a couple suggestions if you don't mind me... I recognise that a number of editors removed at [[Special:Diff/176202]] are members of the global renamers group, as I am also one of them. Maybe you can modify your tool exclude non-local editors who are in the global user right groups. It would give you a list of non-local editors who are contributing to this project. A second suggestion is that if you are displaying who you have pinged, please substitute ([[:en:Help:Substitution]]) the template whenever it is used so that everyone knows who have been pinged that the point of usage, not leave disjointed conversations like this, and makes it easier for whoever is looking back at the history of the project to read. Personally, I would do something like this, [[:en:Template:@ITNA]], where those who have been plnged can simply shown as &quot;@Editors active in last 30 days:&quot; and not worry about substitutions.
:::On a separate note, I initially thought it was an advance notification to someone who have done Wikimedia site configuration changes to prepare for a change of site logos, as I also do that as well for some other Wikimedia projects! 😂 [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Robertsky|Robertsky]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Robertsky|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 03:31, 12 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
::::@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Robertsky|Robertsky]], Thank you for your suggestions, I modify it to ping only users who made at least 5 edits in the main namespace during the last 30 days, are logged-in users, are not bots, and do not belong to global groups. [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 19:41, 12 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
:::@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵓ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵓⵔⵇⵇⴰⵙ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 10 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 12:28, 12 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
::::@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]], ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵖ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵔⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ 5 ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴳ 30 ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵏ. [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 19:47, 12 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
:::::@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵣ ⵏⵏⴽ ⴰ ⵙⵙⵉ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 12:05, 13 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
:ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ, ⴰⵚⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⴽⴽ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉⵖ ⴰⵏⵣⴳⵓⴳ ⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵖ… [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 04:00, 18 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:15, 27 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:12, 23 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2026 (+01)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8eibm56it8471grfogs1cf8b6elvq9s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>52719</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176991</id>
      <parentid>176928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T21:40:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176991</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="23794" sha1="0u89qob8mx1h2sor6y3kodk7tbu1fwl" xml:space="preserve">-- Supports manual template parameters and Wikidata auto-fetch.
-- Module use: {{#invoke:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|main|qid=Q...}}
-- Template use: {{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
-- ============================================================

local p = {}

-- ── Utility helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────

local function trimWhitespace(s)
    if type(s) ~= 'string' then return '' end
    return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') or ''
end

local function exists(var)
    return var ~= nil and var ~= ''
end

-- Merge parent-frame args then invoke args (invoke wins on conflict)
local function getArgs(frame)
    local args = {}
    local parent = frame:getParent()
    if parent and parent.args then
        for k, v in pairs(parent.args) do args[k] = trimWhitespace(v) end
    end
    for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do args[k] = trimWhitespace(v) end
    return args
end

-- Format a Wikidata time string to a readable date
local function formatDate(dateString)
    if not dateString or type(dateString) ~= 'string' then return dateString end
    local year, month, day = dateString:match('^%+(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)')
    if not year then return dateString end
    local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()
    local base
    if day and day ~= '00' and month and month ~= '00' then
        base = year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day .. 'T00:00:00Z'
        return lang:formatDate('j F Y', base)
    elseif month and month ~= '00' then
        base = year .. '-' .. month .. '-01T00:00:00Z'
        return lang:formatDate('F Y', base)
    else
        return year
    end
end

-- ── Wikidata entity loader ─────────────────────────────────────

local function getEntity(entityId)
    if not mw.wikibase then return nil end
    if not entityId then
        entityId = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
    end
    if not entityId then return nil end

    local success, entity = pcall(function()
        return mw.wikibase.getEntity(entityId)
    end)

    if not (success and entity) then return nil end

    -- Attach helpers directly onto the entity table
    entity.getBestStatements = function(self, propertyId)
        if not self.claims or not self.claims[propertyId] then return {} end
        local out = {}
        for _, claim in pairs(self.claims[propertyId]) do
            if claim.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then
                table.insert(out, claim)
            end
        end
        return out
    end

    return entity
end

-- ── Wikidata value fetchers ────────────────────────────────────

-- Low-level: fetch and format all values for one property on an entity
local function makeRequest(entityId, property)
    local entity = getEntity(entityId)
    if not entity then return nil, false end

    local statements = entity:getBestStatements(property)
    if #statements == 0 then return nil, false end

    local values = {}
    for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do
        local dv = statement.mainsnak.datavalue
        local val = nil

        if dv.type == 'string' then
            val = dv.value

        elseif dv.type == 'monolingualtext' then
            val = dv.value.text

        elseif dv.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then
            local tid   = dv.value.id
            local label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(tid)
            local link  = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(tid)
            if link then
                val = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', link, label or tid)
            else
                val = string.format('[[:d:%s|%s]]', tid, label or tid)
            end

        elseif dv.type == 'quantity' then
            local amount = tonumber(dv.value.amount)
            local lang   = mw.getContentLanguage()
            val = amount and lang:formatNum(amount) or dv.value.amount

        elseif dv.type == 'time' then
            val = formatDate(dv.value.time)
        end

        if val then table.insert(values, val) end
    end

    if #values &gt; 0 then
        return table.concat(values, ', '), true
    end
    return nil, false
end

-- Fetch one or multiple properties; return first non-nil result
local function getWikidataValue(properties, entityId)
    local props = type(properties) == 'table' and properties or {properties}
    local values = {}
    for _, prop in ipairs(props) do
        local val, found = makeRequest(entityId, prop)
        if found then table.insert(values, val) end
    end
    if #values &gt; 0 then return table.concat(values, ', '), true end
    return nil, false
end

-- Return manual arg value; fall back to Wikidata if absent
local function getValueOrWikidata(args, paramName, properties)
    local value = args[paramName]
    if value then value = trimWhitespace(value) end
    local fromWikidata = false
    if not exists(value) and properties then
        value, fromWikidata = getWikidataValue(properties, args.qid)
    end
    return value, fromWikidata
end

-- ── Wikidata edit icon ────────────────────────────────────────

local function editIcon(entityId, propertyId)
    if not entityId or not propertyId then return '' end
    return string.format(
        ' [[File:Edit-icon.svg|20px|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/%s#%s|ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ]]',
        entityId, propertyId
    )
end

-- ── Section / row builders ────────────────────────────────────

local HEADER_COLOR  = '#2E8B57'  -- Sea-green for sports tournament
local HEADER_TEXT   = 'white'
local SECTION_COLOR = '#4a9e6b'  -- Slightly lighter for sub-section headers
local ROW_BG        = '#f1f1f1'

local function addSectionHeader(infobox, title)
    infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('th')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :wikitext(title)
        :css({
            ['background-color'] = SECTION_COLOR,
            ['color']            = HEADER_TEXT,
            ['padding']          = '0.4em',
            ['text-align']       = 'center',
            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
			['font-size']        =  '110%',
        })
end

-- Add a standard label/value row; skip when value is absent
local function addRow(container, label, value, entityId, properties)
    if not exists(value) then return end
    local row = container:tag('tr')
    row:tag('th')
        :wikitext(label)
        :css({
            ['background-color'] = ROW_BG,
            ['padding']          = '0.2em',
            ['text-align']       = 'left',
            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
            ['width']            = '45%',
        })
    local cell = row:tag('td'):css({ ['padding'] = '0.2em' })
    -- Append Wikidata edit icons when value came from Wikidata
    if entityId and properties then
        local icons = {}
        for _, pid in ipairs(type(properties) == 'table' and properties or {properties}) do
            if pid then table.insert(icons, editIcon(entityId, pid)) end
        end
        cell:wikitext(value .. table.concat(icons))
    else
        cell:wikitext(value)
    end
end

-- ── Main entry point ──────────────────────────────────────────

function p.main(frame)
    local args = getArgs(frame)

    -- Resolve Wikidata entity
    local entityId = trimWhitespace(args.qid)
    if entityId == '' then
        entityId = mw.wikibase and mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or nil
    end
    args.qid = entityId  -- normalise so getValueOrWikidata sees it

    local entity = getEntity(entityId)

    -- ── Build the infobox table ───────────────────────────────

    local infobox = mw.html.create('table')
    infobox:addClass('infobox')
    infobox:css({
        ['border']            = '1px solid #a2a9b1',
        ['border-spacing']    = '3px',
        ['background-color']  = '#f8f9fa',
        ['color']             = 'black',
        ['margin']            = '0.5em 0 0.5em 1em',
        ['padding']           = '0.2em',
        ['float']             = 'right',
        ['clear']             = 'right',
        ['font-size']         = '90%',
        ['line-height']       = '1.5em',
        ['width']             = '22em',
    })

    -- ── Title header ─────────────────────────────────────────

    local title, titleFromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, 'ⴰⵣⵡⵍ',
        entity and nil or nil)  -- label fetched separately below
    if not exists(title) and entityId then
        title = mw.wikibase.getLabel(entityId)
        titleFromWD = true
    end

    local titleRow = infobox:tag('tr')
    local titleCell = titleRow:tag('th')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({
            ['background-color'] = HEADER_COLOR,
            ['color']            = HEADER_TEXT,
            ['padding']          = '0.4em',
            ['text-align']       = 'center',
            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
            ['font-size']        = '115%',
            ['position']         = 'relative',
            ['line-height']       = '2em',
        })

    local titleDiv = mw.html.create('div')
        :css({ ['padding'] = '0 30px' })
        :wikitext(title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)
    titleCell:node(titleDiv)

    -- Football icon in top-right of header
    titleCell:node(
        mw.html.create('div')
            :css({ ['position'] = 'absolute', ['top'] = '5px', ['right'] = '5px' })
            :wikitext('[[File:Football.svg|30px|alt=ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]]')
    )

    -- ── Native name ──────────────────────────────────────────

    local nativeName = getValueOrWikidata(args, 'ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ', {'P1448', 'P1705'})
    if exists(nativeName) then
        infobox:tag('tr')
            :tag('th')
            :attr('colspan', 2)
            :wikitext(nativeName)
            :css({
                ['background-color'] = HEADER_COLOR,
                ['color']            = HEADER_TEXT,
                ['padding']          = '0.3em',
                ['text-align']       = 'center',
                ['font-weight']      = 'normal',
                ['font-size']        = '100%',
                ['line-height']       = '2em',
            })
    end

    -- ── Image ────────────────────────────────────────────────

    local imageFile = args['ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ']
    local imageFromWD = false
    if not exists(imageFile) and entity then
        local imgs = entity:getBestStatements('P18')
        if #imgs &gt; 0 then
            imageFile  = imgs[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value
            imageFromWD = true
        end
    end

    if exists(imageFile) then
        infobox:tag('tr')
            :tag('td')
            :attr('colspan', 2)
            :wikitext('[[File:' .. imageFile .. '|250px|center]]')
            :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['padding'] = '0.5em' })

        -- Image caption
        local caption = args['ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ']
        if not exists(caption) and entity then
            local caps = entity:getBestStatements('P2096')
            if #caps &gt; 0 then
                caption = caps[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value
            end
        end
        if exists(caption) then
            local capCell = infobox:tag('tr')
                :tag('td')
                :attr('colspan', 2)
                :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['padding'] = '0.2em',
                       ['font-style'] = 'italic' })
            capCell:wikitext(caption)
            if imageFromWD and entityId then
                capCell:wikitext(editIcon(entityId, 'P18'))
            end
        end
    end

    -- ── Sections definition ───────────────────────────────────
    -- Each section: { title, { {label, paramName, wdProperty|{props}}, … } }
    -- wdProperty = nil means manual-only

    local sections = {
        {
            title = 'ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ',   -- General info (New Section)
            rows = {
                { 'ⴰⵏⴰⵡ',        'ⴰⵏⴰⵡ',        'P31'   },   -- Type / Instance of
                { 'ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ',       'ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ',       'P571'  },   -- Inception / Founded
                { 'ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ',      'ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ',      'P576'  },   -- Abolished
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ',     'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ',     'P1075' },   -- Continent / Region
                { 'ⴰⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ', 'ⴰⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ', 'P163'  },   -- TV Broadcaster
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⵉⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ',   -- Tournament details
            rows = {
                { 'ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ',   'ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ',     'P641'  },   -- sport
                { 'ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ', 'ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ', 'P3450'}, -- sports season of
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜ', 'ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜ', 'P822'}, -- mascot 
				{ 'ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ',  'ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ',  nil}, -- ball name
                { 'ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ', 'ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ', 'P664'  },   -- organizer
                { 'ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ', 'ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ',   'P393'  },   -- edition number
                { 'ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ',   'ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ',     'P17' }, -- host country
                { 'ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ', 'ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ', 'P585'}, -- year
                { 'ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ',  'ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ',  'P580'}, -- start date
                { 'ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ', 'ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ', 'P582'}, -- end date
                { 'ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ', 'ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ',     'P1132' },   -- number of participants
                { 'ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ', 'ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ',  'P1923' },   -- participants
                { 'ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ', 'ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ',  nil  },   -- number of venues
				{ 'ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ', 'ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ',  'P276'  },  -- venus
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ',   -- Latest edition results
            rows = {
                { 'ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ',      'ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ', 'P1346' },  -- winner
                { 'ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2', 'ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2', nil    },  -- second place
                { 'ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3', 'ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3',  nil    },  -- third place
                { 'ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 4', 'ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 4', nil    },  -- fourth place 
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ',   -- Tournament statistics
            rows = {
                { 'ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ',                 'ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ',             'P1350' },  -- Matches played
                { 'ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ',                'ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ',             'P6087' },  -- Goals scored
                { 'ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ',                    'ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ',                 'P1110' },  -- Attendance
                { 'ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',            'ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',         'P3279' },  -- Top Scorer
                { 'ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',            'ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',         nil     },  -- Best player
                { 'ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ',  'ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ', nil     },  -- Best young player
                { 'ⴰⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',            'ⴰⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',   nil     },  -- Best goalkeeper
                { 'ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ',             'ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ',          nil     },  -- Fair play
                { 'ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵔⴰⵖⵉⵏ',                 'ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵔⴰⵖⵉⵏ',              nil     },  -- yellow cards
                { 'ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵉⵏ',                 'ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵉⵏ',              nil     },  -- red cards
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ',   -- See also
            rows = {
                { 'ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ', 'ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ', nil   },  -- Main article
                { 'ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ',  'ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ',      'P856' },  -- Official website 
            }
        },
    }

    -- ── Render sections ───────────────────────────────────────

    for _, section in ipairs(sections) do
        local hasContent  = false
        local sectionHtml = mw.html.create('')

        for _, rowDef in ipairs(section.rows) do
            local label, paramName, wdProp = rowDef[1], rowDef[2], rowDef[3]
            local value, fromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, paramName, wdProp)

            -- Special: build date range for dates field when from Wikidata
            if paramName == 'dates' and not exists(args['dates']) and entity then
                local stmts_start = entity:getBestStatements('P580')
                local stmts_end   = entity:getBestStatements('P582')
                if #stmts_start &gt; 0 and #stmts_end &gt; 0 then
                    local ds = formatDate(stmts_start[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.time)
                    local de = formatDate(stmts_end[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.time)
                    if ds and de then value = ds .. ' – ' .. de; fromWD = true end
                elseif #stmts_start &gt; 0 then
                    value  = formatDate(stmts_start[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.time)
                    fromWD = true
                end
            end

            -- Special: wrap bare website URL in an external link
            if paramName == 'website' and exists(value) and value:match('^https?://') then
                local display = value:gsub('^https?://', ''):gsub('/$', '')
                value = '[' .. value .. ' ' .. display .. ']'
            end

            if exists(value) then
                hasContent = true
                local row  = sectionHtml:tag('tr')
                row:tag('th')
                    :wikitext(label)
                    :css({
                        ['background-color'] = ROW_BG,
                        ['padding']          = '0.2em',
                        ['text-align']       = 'left',
                        ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
                        ['width']            = '45%',
                    })
                local cell = row:tag('td'):css({ ['padding'] = '0.2em' })

                if fromWD and entityId and wdProp then
                    local icons = {}
                    local props = type(wdProp) == 'table' and wdProp or {wdProp}
                    for _, pid in ipairs(props) do
                        table.insert(icons, editIcon(entityId, pid))
                    end
                    cell:wikitext(value .. table.concat(icons))
                else
                    cell:wikitext(value)
                end
            end
        end

        if hasContent then
            addSectionHeader(infobox, section.title)
            infobox:node(sectionHtml)
        end
    end

    -- ── Previous / Next navigation ────────────────────────────

    local previous, prevFromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, 'ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜ', 'P155')
    local next_ed,  nextFromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, 'ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜ',      'P156')

    if exists(previous) or exists(next_ed) then
        local navRow  = infobox:tag('tr')
        local navCell = navRow:tag('td')
            :attr('colspan', 2)
            :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['padding'] = '0.4em' })

        local navText = (previous or '') .. ' [[File:Football.svg|20px]] ' .. (next_ed or '')
        if entityId then
            if prevFromWD then navText = navText .. editIcon(entityId, 'P155') end
            if nextFromWD then navText = navText .. editIcon(entityId, 'P156') end
        end
        navCell:wikitext(navText)
    end

    -- ── Footnotes ─────────────────────────────────────────────

    if exists(args.footnotes) then
        infobox:tag('tr')
            :tag('td')
            :attr('colspan', 2)
            :wikitext(args.footnotes)
            :css({ ['padding'] = '0.2em', ['font-size'] = '85%' })
    end

    -- ── Separator ─────────────────────────────────────────────

    infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('td')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({ ['padding'] = '0', ['border-top'] = '2px dashed ' .. HEADER_COLOR })

    -- ── Edit footer ───────────────────────────────────────────

    local currentTitle  = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
    local editSourceUrl = currentTitle:fullUrl({ action = 'edit',  section = '0' })
    local editVisualUrl = currentTitle:fullUrl({ veaction = 'edit' })

    local footerCell = infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('td')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({
            ['padding']          = '0.2em',
            ['font-size']        = '85%',
            ['text-align']       = 'left',
            ['background-color'] = '#f8f8f8',
        })

    local footerDiv = mw.html.create('div')
        :css({ ['display'] = 'flex', ['justify-content'] = 'space-between',
               ['align-items'] = 'center' })

    local editSpan = footerDiv:tag('span'):addClass('plainlinks')

    if entityId and entityId ~= '' then
        local wdUrl = 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/' .. entityId
        editSpan:wikitext(
            '[' .. editSourceUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ] · ' ..
            '[' .. editVisualUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ] · ' ..
            '[' .. wdUrl .. ' ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ]'
        )
    else
        editSpan:wikitext(
            '[' .. editSourceUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ] · ' ..
            '[' .. editVisualUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ]'
        )
    end

    local templateDocUrl = mw.title.new('ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ'):fullUrl()
    footerDiv:tag('span')
        :css({ ['float'] = 'right', ['margin-left'] = '5px' })
        :wikitext('[[File:Info Simple.svg|18px|link=' .. templateDocUrl .. '|ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⴰⴷ]]')

    footerCell:node(footerDiv)

    return tostring(infobox)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>0u89qob8mx1h2sor6y3kodk7tbu1fwl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ/ⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>52737</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176989</id>
      <parentid>176768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T21:26:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176989</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="8939" sha1="2a6mmyymptm4z476cwjozzbh2ym8yxw" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}
{{Lua|Module:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
== ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = 
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵏⵚⵍⵉ = 
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = 
| ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ = 
| ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ = 
| ⴰⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ = 
| ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ = 
| ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜ = 
| ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ = 
| ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ = 
| ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ = 
| ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ = 
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ = 
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 
| ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ =
| ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ = 
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2 = 
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3 = 
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 4 = 
| ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ = 
| ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ = 
| ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ = 
| ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = 
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = 
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ = 
| ⴰⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = 
| ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ = 
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵔⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 
| ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ = 
| ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ = 
| ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜ = 
| ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜ = 
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ 2018
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵏⵚⵍⵉ = Чемпионат мира по футболу FIFA 2018
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia (Wordmark).svg
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ 2018
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ = 1930
| ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ = ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ
| ⴰⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ = 
| ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ = 
| ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜ = 
| ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ = [[ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]]
| ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ = ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 21
| ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Russia|ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ}}
| ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ = 2018
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ = 14 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2018
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ = 15 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2018
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 32 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴹⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ
| ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ|ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Croatia|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴽⵕⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ|ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Belgium|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ|ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 4 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|England|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ|ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ}}
| ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ = 64 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ
| ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ = 169 (2.64 ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ)
| ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ = 3,031,768 (47,371 ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ)
| ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|England|ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⴽⵉⵏ}} (6 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ)
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Croatia|ⵍⵓⴽⴰ ⵎⵓⴷⵔⵉⵜⵛ}}
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⴽⵉⵍⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴱⴰⴱⵉ}}
| ⴰⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⵜⵉⴱⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵜⵡⴰ}}
| ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Spain|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ|ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ}}
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵔⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 219 ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 4 ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ
| ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ = ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ = https://web.archive.org/web/20130630223358/http://fr.fifa.com/worldcup/russia2018/
| ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜ = [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2014|ⴱⵔⴰⵣⵉⵍ 2014]]
| ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜ = [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022|ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ 2022]]
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ 2018
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵏⵚⵍⵉ = Чемпионат мира по футболу FIFA 2018
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia (Wordmark).svg
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ 2018
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ = 1930
| ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ = ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ
| ⴰⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ = 
| ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ = 
| ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜ = 
| ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ = [[ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]]
| ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ = ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 21
| ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Russia|ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ}}
| ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ = 2018
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ = 14 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2018
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ = 15 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2018
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 32 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴹⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ
| ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ|ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Croatia|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴽⵕⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ|ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Belgium|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ|ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 4 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|England|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ|ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ}}
| ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ = 64 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ
| ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ = 169 (2.64 ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ)
| ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ = 3,031,768 (47,371 ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ)
| ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|England|ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⴽⵉⵏ}} (6 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ)
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Croatia|ⵍⵓⴽⴰ ⵎⵓⴷⵔⵉⵜⵛ}}
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⴽⵉⵍⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴱⴰⴱⵉ}}
| ⴰⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⵜⵉⴱⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵜⵡⴰ}}
| ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Spain|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ|ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ}}
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵔⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 219 ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 4 ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ
| ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ = ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ = https://web.archive.org/web/20130630223358/http://fr.fifa.com/worldcup/russia2018/
| ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜ = [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2014|ⴱⵔⴰⵣⵉⵍ 2014]]
| ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜ = [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022|ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ 2022]]
}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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      <id>176990</id>
      <parentid>176989</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T21:33:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9034" sha1="n96mpqgxddll52imghdjldq10gf85hi" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}
{{Lua|Module:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
== ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = 
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ = 
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = 
| ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ = 
| ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ = 
| ⴰⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ = 
| ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ = 
| ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜ = 
| ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ = 
| ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ = 
| ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ = 
| ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ = 
| ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ = 
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ = 
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 
| ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ =
| ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ = 
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2 = 
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3 = 
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 4 = 
| ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ = 
| ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ = 
| ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ = 
| ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = 
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = 
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ = 
| ⴰⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = 
| ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ = 
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵔⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 
| ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ = 
| ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ = 
| ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜ = 
| ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜ = 
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ 2018
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ = Чемпионат мира по футболу FIFA 2018
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia (Wordmark).svg
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ 2018
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ = 1930
| ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ = ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ
| ⴰⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ = 
| ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ = 
| ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜ = 
| ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ= 
| ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ = [[ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]]
| ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ = ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 21
| ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Russia|ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ}}
| ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ = 2018
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ = 14 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2018
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ = 15 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2018
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 32 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴹⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ
| ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ|ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Croatia|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴽⵕⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ|ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Belgium|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ|ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 4 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|England|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ|ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ}}
| ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ = 64 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ
| ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ = 169 (2.64 ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ)
| ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ = 3,031,768 (47,371 ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ)
| ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|England|ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⴽⵉⵏ}} (6 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ)
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Croatia|ⵍⵓⴽⴰ ⵎⵓⴷⵔⵉⵜⵛ}}
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⴽⵉⵍⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴱⴰⴱⵉ}}
| ⴰⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⵜⵉⴱⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵜⵡⴰ}}
| ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Spain|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ|ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ}}
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵔⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 219 ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 4 ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ
| ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ = ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ = https://web.archive.org/web/20130630223358/http://fr.fifa.com/worldcup/russia2018/
| ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜ = [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2014|ⴱⵔⴰⵣⵉⵍ 2014]]
| ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜ = [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022|ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ 2022]]
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵣⵡⵍ = ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ 2018
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ = Чемпионат мира по футболу FIFA 2018
| ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia (Wordmark).svg
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ = ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ 2018
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ = ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ = 1930
| ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ = ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ
| ⴰⵎⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ = 
| ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ = 
| ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ = 
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜ = 
| ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ = 
| ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ = [[ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]]
| ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ = ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 21
| ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Russia|ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ}}
| ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ = 2018
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ = 14 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2018
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ = 15 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2018
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 32 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴹⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ
| ⵉⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵏ = 
| ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ = 
| ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ|ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Croatia|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴽⵕⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ|ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Belgium|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ|ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ}}
| ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 4 = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|England|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ|ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ}}
| ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ = 64 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ
| ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ = 169 (2.64 ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ)
| ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ = 3,031,768 (47,371 ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ)
| ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|England|ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⴽⵉⵏ}} (6 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ)
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Croatia|ⵍⵓⴽⴰ ⵎⵓⴷⵔⵉⵜⵛ}}
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⴽⵉⵍⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴱⴰⴱⵉ}}
| ⴰⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|France|ⵜⵉⴱⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵜⵡⴰ}}
| ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ = {{ⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵜ|Spain|ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ|ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ}}
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵔⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 219 ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ
| ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵉⵏ = 4 ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ
| ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ = ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ = https://web.archive.org/web/20130630223358/http://fr.fifa.com/worldcup/russia2018/
| ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜ = [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2014|ⴱⵔⴰⵣⵉⵍ 2014]]
| ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜ = [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022|ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ 2022]]
}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n96mpqgxddll52imghdjldq10gf85hi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>52740</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176935</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T16:25:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: {{#ifeq:{{{socks|}}}|none|95|135}}px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;  &lt;!-- Left arm --&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{leftarm}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}....&quot;</comment>
      <origin>176935</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3098" sha1="ii820oj3lnfytnijoazg8yphantz307" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: {{#ifeq:{{{socks|}}}|none|95|135}}px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!-- Left arm --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{leftarm}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt={{{alt|}}}|Team colours]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }} }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit left arm.svg|top|link=|{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|alt=|alt={{{alt|}}}{{!}}Team colours}}]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Body ---&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{body}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_b|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit body.svg|top|link=|alt=]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Right arm --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{rightarm}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_ra|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit right arm.svg|top|link=|alt=]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Shorts --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #{{{shorts}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_sh|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit shorts.svg|top|link=|alt=]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Socks --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{socks|}}}|none||
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #{{{socks}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_so|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit socks long.svg|top|link=|alt=]]&lt;/div&gt;}}

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
{{#if: {{{title|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''{{{title}}}'''&lt;/div&gt;|}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{ⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ii820oj3lnfytnijoazg8yphantz307</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176988</id>
      <parentid>176935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T21:02:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]]&quot; ([ⵙⵏⴼⵍ=ⴰⴷⴷⵊ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵏ] (indefinite) [ⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ=ⴰⴷⴷⵊ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵏ] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>176935</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3098" sha1="ii820oj3lnfytnijoazg8yphantz307" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: {{#ifeq:{{{socks|}}}|none|95|135}}px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!-- Left arm --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{leftarm}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt={{{alt|}}}|Team colours]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }} }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit left arm.svg|top|link=|{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|alt=|alt={{{alt|}}}{{!}}Team colours}}]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Body ---&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{body}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_b|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit body.svg|top|link=|alt=]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Right arm --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{rightarm}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_ra|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit right arm.svg|top|link=|alt=]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Shorts --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #{{{shorts}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_sh|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit shorts.svg|top|link=|alt=]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Socks --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{socks|}}}|none||
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #{{{socks}}};color:inherit;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{pattern_so|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit socks long.svg|top|link=|alt=]]&lt;/div&gt;}}

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Title --&gt;
{{#if: {{{title|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''{{{title}}}'''&lt;/div&gt;|}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{ⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ii820oj3lnfytnijoazg8yphantz307</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ/ⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>52741</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176986</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T20:45:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}} == ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ == &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ | pattern_la =  | pattern_b =  | pattern_ra =  | pattern_sh =  | pattern_so =  | leftarm =  | body =  | rightarm =  | shorts =  | socks =  | title =  }}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; === ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ === {| |&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓ...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>176986</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1893" sha1="0curmh3adxdzmdmgi4u47apqytjxndw" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}
== ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = 
| pattern_b = 
| pattern_ra = 
| pattern_sh = 
| pattern_so = 
| leftarm = 
| body = 
| rightarm = 
| shorts = 
| socks = 
| title = 
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
=== ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ===
{|
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = _mrc26h
| pattern_b = _mrc26h
| pattern_ra = _mrc26h
| pattern_sh = _mrc26h
| pattern_so = _mrc26hl
| leftarm = FF0000
| body = FF0000
| rightarm = FF0000
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FF0000
| title = ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = _mrc26a
| pattern_b = _mrc26a
| pattern_ra = _mrc26a
| pattern_sh = _mrc26a
| pattern_so = 
| leftarm = FFFFFF
| body = FFFFFF
| rightarm = FFFFFF
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FFFFFF
| title = ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|-
|{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = _mrc26h
| pattern_b = _mrc26h
| pattern_ra = _mrc26h
| pattern_sh = _mrc26h
| pattern_so = _mrc26hl
| leftarm = FF0000
| body = FF0000
| rightarm = FF0000
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FF0000
| title = ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ
}}
|{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = _mrc26a
| pattern_b = _mrc26a
| pattern_ra = _mrc26a
| pattern_sh = _mrc26a
| pattern_so = 
| leftarm = FFFFFF
| body = FFFFFF
| rightarm = FFFFFF
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FFFFFF
| title = ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2
}}
|}

&lt;includeonly&gt;
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵉⵍⴱⵓⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ|ⵉⵍⴱⵓⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0curmh3adxdzmdmgi4u47apqytjxndw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176987</id>
      <parentid>176986</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T20:57:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ */</comment>
      <origin>176987</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1985" sha1="otht4b8f7yf8ig1vieynx3gncbq5x8h" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}
== ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = 
| pattern_b = 
| pattern_ra = 
| pattern_sh = 
| pattern_so = 
| leftarm = 
| body = 
| rightarm = 
| shorts = 
| socks = 
| title = 
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
=== ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ===
{| 
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = _mrc26h
| pattern_b = _mrc26h
| pattern_ra = _mrc26h
| pattern_sh = _mrc26h
| pattern_so = _mrc26hl
| leftarm = FF0000
| body = FF0000
| rightarm = FF0000
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FF0000
| title = ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; | &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = _mrc26a
| pattern_b = _mrc26a
| pattern_ra = _mrc26a
| pattern_sh = _mrc26a
| pattern_so = 
| leftarm = FFFFFF
| body = FFFFFF
| rightarm = FFFFFF
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FFFFFF
| title = ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;| {{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = _mrc26h
| pattern_b = _mrc26h
| pattern_ra = _mrc26h
| pattern_sh = _mrc26h
| pattern_so = _mrc26hl
| leftarm = FF0000
| body = FF0000
| rightarm = FF0000
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FF0000
| title = ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ
}}
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;| {{ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| pattern_la = _mrc26a
| pattern_b = _mrc26a
| pattern_ra = _mrc26a
| pattern_sh = _mrc26a
| pattern_so = 
| leftarm = FFFFFF
| body = FFFFFF
| rightarm = FFFFFF
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FFFFFF
| title = ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2
}}
|}

&lt;includeonly&gt;
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵉⵍⴱⵓⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ|ⵉⵍⴱⵓⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>otht4b8f7yf8ig1vieynx3gncbq5x8h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>52742</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176992</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T22:14:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ.</comment>
      <origin>176992</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="23850" sha1="pkx0oh6t1sq9r6axs59818rr8w4y8s9" xml:space="preserve">-- Supports manual template parameters and Wikidata auto-fetch.
-- Module usage: {{#invoke:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|main|qid=}}
-- Template usage: {{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
-- ============================================================

local p = {}

-- ── Utility helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────

-- Trims leading and trailing whitespace from strings
local function trimWhitespace(s)
    if type(s) ~= 'string' then return '' end
    return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') or ''
end

-- Checks if a variable exists and is not an empty string
local function exists(var)
    return var ~= nil and var ~= ''
end

-- Merge parent-frame args then invoke args (invoke parameters win on conflict)
local function getArgs(frame)
    local args = {}
    local parent = frame:getParent()
    if parent and parent.args then
        for k, v in pairs(parent.args) do args[k] = trimWhitespace(v) end
    end
    for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do args[k] = trimWhitespace(v) end
    return args
end

-- Format a Wikidata time string into a clean, human-readable date
local function formatDate(dateString)
    if not dateString or type(dateString) ~= 'string' then return dateString end
    local year, month, day = dateString:match('^%+(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)')
    if not year then return dateString end
    local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()
    local base
    if day and day ~= '00' and month and month ~= '00' then
        base = year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day .. 'T00:00:00Z'
        return lang:formatDate('j F Y', base)
    elseif month and month ~= '00' then
        base = year .. '-' .. month .. '-01T00:00:00Z'
        return lang:formatDate('F Y', base)
    else
        return year
    end
end

-- ── Wikidata entity loader ─────────────────────────────────────

local function getEntity(entityId)
    if not mw.wikibase then return nil end
    if not entityId then
        entityId = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
    end
    if not entityId then return nil end

    local success, entity = pcall(function()
        return mw.wikibase.getEntity(entityId)
    end)

    if not (success and entity) then return nil end

    -- Attach best statement helper directly onto the entity table
    entity.getBestStatements = function(self, propertyId)
        if not self.claims or not self.claims[propertyId] then return {} end
        local out = {}
        for _, claim in pairs(self.claims[propertyId]) do
            if claim.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then
                table.insert(out, claim)
            end
        end
        return out
    end

    return entity
end

-- ── Wikidata value fetchers ────────────────────────────────────

-- Low-level fetcher: returns formatted data for a specific property
local function makeRequest(entityId, property)
    local entity = getEntity(entityId)
    if not entity then return nil, false end

    local statements = entity:getBestStatements(property)
    if #statements == 0 then return nil, false end

    local values = {}
    for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do
        local dv = statement.mainsnak.datavalue
        local val = nil

        if dv.type == 'string' then
            val = dv.value

        elseif dv.type == 'monolingualtext' then
            val = dv.value.text

        elseif dv.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then
            local tid   = dv.value.id
            local label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(tid)
            local link  = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(tid)
            if link then
                val = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', link, label or tid)
            else
                val = string.format('[[:d:%s|%s]]', tid, label or tid)
            end

        elseif dv.type == 'quantity' then
            local amount = tonumber(dv.value.amount)
            local lang   = mw.getContentLanguage()
            val = amount and lang:formatNum(amount) or string.gsub(dv.value.amount, &quot;^%+&quot;, &quot;&quot;)

        elseif dv.type == 'time' then
            val = formatDate(dv.value.time)
        end

        if val then table.insert(values, val) end
    end

    if #values &gt; 0 then
        return table.concat(values, ', '), true
    end
    return nil, false
end

-- Wrapper to search through multiple properties; returns first non-empty match
local function getWikidataValue(properties, entityId)
    local props = type(properties) == 'table' and properties or {properties}
    local values = {}
    for _, prop in ipairs(props) do
        local val, found = makeRequest(entityId, prop)
        if found then table.insert(values, val) end
    end
    if #values &gt; 0 then return table.concat(values, ', '), true end
    return nil, false
end

-- Fallback mechanism: tries local arguments, drops back to Wikidata if absent
local function getValueOrWikidata(args, paramName, properties)
    local value = args[paramName]
    if value then value = trimWhitespace(value) end
    local fromWikidata = false
    if not exists(value) and properties then
        value, fromWikidata = getWikidataValue(properties, args.qid)
    end
    return value, fromWikidata
end

-- ── Wikidata edit icon ────────────────────────────────────────

local function editIcon(entityId, propertyId)
    if not entityId or not propertyId then return '' end
    return string.format(
        ' [[File:Edit-icon.svg|20px|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/%s#%s|ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ]]',
        entityId, propertyId
    )
end

-- ── Section / row builders ────────────────────────────────────

local HEADER_COLOR  = '#1F8F6F'  -- Emerald Green palette for national teams
local HEADER_TEXT   = '#ffffff'
local SECTION_COLOR = '#1A7A5E'  -- Darker tone for subheaders
local ROW_BG        = '#f1f1f1'

local function addSectionHeader(infobox, title)
    infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('th')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :wikitext(title)
        :css({
            ['background-color'] = SECTION_COLOR,
            ['color']            = HEADER_TEXT,
            ['padding']          = '0.4em',
            ['text-align']       = 'center',
            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
            ['font-size']        = '110%',
        })
end

-- ── Native Kit Renderer Logic ─────────────────────────────────

local function buildNativeKit(args, num, defaultTitle)
    local filetype   = exists(args.filetype) and args.filetype or 'png'
    local leftarm    = exists(args['leftarm' .. num]) and args['leftarm' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local body       = exists(args['body' .. num]) and args['body' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local rightarm   = exists(args['rightarm' .. num]) and args['rightarm' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local shorts     = exists(args['shorts' .. num]) and args['shorts' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local socks      = exists(args['socks' .. num]) and args['socks' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local title      = exists(args['pattern_name' .. num]) and args['pattern_name' .. num] or defaultTitle

    local pattern_la = args['pattern_la' .. num]
    local pattern_b  = args['pattern_b' .. num]
    local pattern_ra = args['pattern_ra' .. num]
    local pattern_sh = args['pattern_sh' .. num]
    local pattern_so = args['pattern_so' .. num]

    -- Set layout height based on socks parameter setup
    local containerHeight = (socks == 'none') and '95px' or '135px'

    local root = mw.html.create('div')
        :css({ ['width'] = '100px', ['margin'] = '0 auto', ['padding'] = '0' })

    local canvas = root:tag('div')
        :css({
            ['position'] = 'relative',
            ['left']     = '0px',
            ['top']      = '0px',
            ['width']    = '100px',
            ['height']   = containerHeight,
            ['margin']   = '0 auto',
            ['padding']  = '0'
        })

    -- Helper function to generate composite overlay image tracks natively
    local function addLayer(canvasBox, x, y, w, h, bg, pattern, prefix, fallbackSvg)
        local baseLayer = canvasBox:tag('div')
            :css({
                ['position']         = 'absolute',
                ['left']             = x .. 'px',
                ['top']              = y .. 'px',
                ['width']            = w .. 'px',
                ['height']           = h .. 'px',
                ['background-color'] = '#' .. bg,
                ['color']            = 'inherit'
            })
        
        if exists(pattern) then
            local imgName = 'Media:Kit ' .. prefix .. pattern .. '.' .. filetype
            local titleObj = mw.title.new(imgName)
            if titleObj and titleObj.exists then
                baseLayer:wikitext('[[File:Kit ' .. prefix .. pattern .. '.' .. filetype .. '|top|link=|alt=]]')
            else
                baseLayer:wikitext('[[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]]')
            end
        end

        canvasBox:tag('div')
            :css({
                ['position'] = 'absolute',
                ['left']     = x .. 'px',
                ['top']      = y .. 'px',
                ['width']    = w .. 'px',
                ['height']   = h .. 'px'
            })
            :wikitext('[[File:' .. fallbackSvg .. '|top|link=|alt=]]')
    end

    -- Left arm (0px wide offset canvas)
    addLayer(canvas, 0, 0, 31, 59, leftarm, pattern_la, 'left arm', 'Kit left arm.svg')

    -- Body torso (31px wide offset canvas)
    addLayer(canvas, 31, 0, 38, 59, body, pattern_b, 'body', 'Kit body.svg')

    -- Right arm (69px wide offset canvas)
    addLayer(canvas, 69, 0, 31, 59, rightarm, pattern_ra, 'right arm', 'Kit right arm.svg')

    -- Shorts (59px vertical top alignment)
    addLayer(canvas, 0, 59, 100, 36, shorts, pattern_sh, 'shorts', 'Kit shorts.svg')

    -- Socks (95px vertical top alignment conditional check)
    if socks ~= 'none' then
        addLayer(canvas, 0, 95, 100, 40, socks, pattern_so, 'socks', 'Kit socks long.svg')
    end

    -- Label Title Footer Rendering
    if exists(title) then
        root:tag('div')
            :css({ ['padding-top'] = '0.6em', ['text-align'] = 'center', ['font-weight'] = 'bold' })
            :wikitext(title)
    end

    return tostring(root)
end

-- ── Main entry point ──────────────────────────────────────────

function p.main(frame)
    local args = getArgs(frame)

    -- Resolve Wikidata Entity ID
    local entityId = trimWhitespace(args.qid)
    if entityId == '' then
        entityId = mw.wikibase and mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or nil
    end
    args.qid = entityId

    local entity = getEntity(entityId)

    -- ── Build the infobox table ───────────────────────────────

    local infobox = mw.html.create('table')
    infobox:addClass('infobox')
    infobox:css({
        ['border']            = '1px solid #a2a9b1',
        ['border-spacing']    = '3px',
        ['background-color']  = '#f8f9fa',
        ['color']             = 'black',
        ['margin']            = '0.5em 0 0.5em 1em',
        ['padding']           = '0.2em',
        ['float']             = 'right',
        ['clear']             = 'right',
        ['font-size']         = '90%',
        ['line-height']       = '1.5em',
        ['width']             = '22em',
    })

    -- ── Title header ─────────────────────────────────────────

    local title, titleFromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, 'ⴰⵣⵡⵍ', entity and nil or nil)
    if not exists(title) and entityId then
        title = mw.wikibase.getLabel(entityId)
    end
    if not exists(title) then
        title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
    end

    local titleRow = infobox:tag('tr')
    local titleCell = titleRow:tag('th')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({
            ['background-color'] = HEADER_COLOR,
            ['color']            = HEADER_TEXT,
            ['padding']          = '0.4em',
            ['text-align']       = 'center',
            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
            ['font-size']        = '115%',
            ['position']         = 'relative',
            ['line-height']      = '2em',
        })

    local titleDiv = mw.html.create('div')
        :css({ ['padding'] = '0 30px' })
        :wikitext(title)
    titleCell:node(titleDiv)

    -- Football icon positioned in top-right corner
    titleCell:node(
        mw.html.create('div')
            :css({ ['position'] = 'absolute', ['top'] = '5px', ['right'] = '5px' })
            :wikitext('[[File:Soccerball.svg|30px|alt=ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]]')
    )

    -- ── Logos / Brand Identity Images ─────────────────────────

    local logo1, logo1FromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, 'ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ', 'P154')
    local logo2 = args['ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ2']

    if exists(logo1) then
        local imgCell = infobox:tag('tr')
            :tag('td')
            :attr('colspan', 2)
            :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['padding'] = '0.5em' })
        
        local imgStr = '[[File:' .. logo1 .. '|220px|alt=' .. title .. ']]'
        if exists(logo2) then
            imgStr = imgStr .. '&lt;br /&gt;[[File:' .. logo2 .. '|220px]]'
        end

        imgCell:wikitext(imgStr)

        if logo1FromWD and entityId then
            imgCell:wikitext(editIcon(entityId, 'P154'))
        end
    end

    -- ── Dynamic Fields &amp; Data Normalization ────────────────────

    local function formatPalmares(phases, result)
        if not exists(phases) and not exists(result) then return nil end
        local out = &quot;&quot;
        if exists(phases) then out = out .. &quot;''ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ'' : &quot; .. phases .. &quot; &lt;br /&gt;&quot; end
        if exists(result) then out = out .. result end
        return out
    end

    args['palmares_cm']  = formatPalmares(args['ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ'], args['ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ (ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ)'])
    args['palmares_cc1'] = formatPalmares(args['ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ'], args['ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ)'])

    -- ── Sections and Rows Definition ──────────────────────────

    local sections = {
        {
            title = 'ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ', -- General Information
            rows = {
                { 'ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ',            'ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ',            'P1268' }, -- Association / Federation
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ',              'ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ',              'P463'  }, -- Confederation
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',            'ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',            nil     }, -- Badge/Nickname
                { 'ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ',              'ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ',              'P462'  }, -- Team Colors
                { 'ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ',               'ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ',               'P1449' }, -- Official Name
                { 'ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ',              'ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ',              'P115'  }, -- Home Stadium
                { 'ⴰⵣⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ',        'ⴰⵣⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ',        'P1081' }, -- FIFA Ranking
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷⵏ', -- Key Figures / Management
            rows = {
                { 'ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢ',                'ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢ',                'P286'  }, -- Head Coach
                { 'ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ',                'ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ',                'P634'  }, -- Captain
                { 'ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',         'ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',         nil     }, -- Top Scorer
                { 'ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ', 'ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ', nil     }, -- Most Caps                
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ', -- Historic Matches
            rows = {
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ', 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ', nil }, -- First International Match
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ', 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ', nil }, -- Latest Match
                { 'ⵜⴰⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',     'ⵜⴰⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',     nil }, -- Biggest Win
                { 'ⵜⵉⵕⵥⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',       'ⵜⵉⵕⵥⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',       nil }, -- Biggest Defeat
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⴰⴱⴰⵍⵎⴰⵔⵉⵙ', -- Records &amp; Achievements
            rows = {
                { args['ⵜⴰⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ'] or 'ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ', 'ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ',  nil }, -- World Cup Performance
                { args['ⵜⴰⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ'],                       'ⵜⴰⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ', nil }, -- Continental Cup Performance
                { 'ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⵏ',                                'ⴰⵣⵓⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⵏ', nil }, -- Olympic Games
            }
        }
    }

    -- ── Render data blocks sequentially ───────────────────────

    for _, section in ipairs(sections) do
        local hasContent  = false
        local sectionHtml = mw.html.create('')

        for _, rowDef in ipairs(section.rows) do
            local label, paramName, wdProp = rowDef[1], rowDef[2], rowDef[3]
            
            if exists(label) then
                local value, fromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, paramName, wdProp)

                if exists(value) then
                    hasContent = true
                    local row  = sectionHtml:tag('tr')
                    row:tag('th')
                        :wikitext(label)
                        :css({
                            ['background-color'] = ROW_BG,
                            ['padding']          = '0.2em',
                            ['text-align']       = 'left',
                            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
                            ['width']            = '45%',
                        })
                    local cell = row:tag('td'):css({ ['padding'] = '0.2em' })

                    if fromWD and entityId and wdProp then
                        local icons = {}
                        local props = type(wdProp) == 'table' and wdProp or {wdProp}
                        for _, pid in ipairs(props) do
                            table.insert(icons, editIcon(entityId, pid))
                        end
                        cell:wikitext(value .. table.concat(icons))
                    else
                        cell:wikitext(value)
                    end
                end
            end
        end

        if hasContent then
            addSectionHeader(infobox, section.title)
            infobox:node(sectionHtml)
        end
    end

    -- ── Kit Graphics Sub-table Rendering ──────────────────────

    if exists(args['body1']) or exists(args['pattern_b1']) or exists(args['body2']) or exists(args['pattern_b2']) then
        addSectionHeader(infobox, 'ⵉⵔⵉⴽⵉⵜⵏ') -- Kits Header

        local kitContainer = infobox:tag('tr'):tag('td')
            :attr('colspan', 2)
            :css({
                ['text-align']       = 'center',
                ['padding']          = '0.5em',
                ['background-color'] = 'white'
            })
            
        local kitTable = kitContainer:tag('table')
            :css({
                ['width']      = '100%',
                ['background'] = 'transparent',
                ['text-align'] = 'center'
            })
            
        local kitRow = kitTable:tag('tr')

        local function renderKitColumn(num, defaultTitle)
            local body = args['body'..num]
            local pattern_b = args['pattern_b'..num]
            
            if exists(body) or exists(pattern_b) then
                local cell = kitRow:tag('td')
                cell:wikitext(buildNativeKit(args, num, defaultTitle))
            end
        end

        renderKitColumn('1', 'ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ')
        renderKitColumn('2', 'ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2')
        renderKitColumn('3', 'ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3')
    end

    -- ── Bottom Separator line ─────────────────────────────────

    infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('td')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({ ['padding'] = '0', ['border-top'] = '2px dashed ' .. HEADER_COLOR })

    -- ── Action Footer Links ───────────────────────────────────

    local currentTitle  = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
    local editSourceUrl = currentTitle:fullUrl({ action = 'edit',  section = '0' })
    local editVisualUrl = currentTitle:fullUrl({ veaction = 'edit' })

    local footerCell = infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('td')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({
            ['padding']          = '0.2em',
            ['font-size']        = '85%',
            ['text-align']       = 'left',
            ['background-color'] = '#f8f9fa',
        })

    local footerDiv = mw.html.create('div')
        :css({ ['display'] = 'flex', ['justify-content'] = 'space-between',
               ['align-items'] = 'center' })

    local editSpan = footerDiv:tag('span'):addClass('plainlinks')

    if entityId and entityId ~= '' then
        local wdUrl = 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/' .. entityId
        editSpan:wikitext(
            '[' .. editSourceUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ] · ' ..
            '[' .. editVisualUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ] · ' ..
            '[' .. wdUrl .. ' ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ]'
        )
    else
        editSpan:wikitext(
            '[' .. editSourceUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ] · ' ..
            '[' .. editVisualUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ]'
        )
    end

    local templateDocUrl = mw.title.new('ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ'):fullUrl()
    footerDiv:tag('span')
        :css({ ['float'] = 'right', ['margin-left'] = '5px' })
        :wikitext('[[File:Info Simple.svg|18px|link=' .. templateDocUrl .. '|ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⴰⴷ]]')

    footerCell:node(footerDiv)

    return tostring(infobox)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>pkx0oh6t1sq9r6axs59818rr8w4y8s9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176995</id>
      <parentid>176992</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T23:05:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176995</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="23601" sha1="9vho56f01ccnmvqxk490g10zqx8z262" xml:space="preserve">-- Supports manual template parameters and Wikidata auto-fetch.
-- Module usage: {{#invoke:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|main|qid=}}
-- Template usage: {{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
-- ============================================================

local p = {}

-- ── Utility helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────

-- Trims leading and trailing whitespace from strings
local function trimWhitespace(s)
    if type(s) ~= 'string' then return '' end
    return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') or ''
end

-- Checks if a variable exists and is not an empty string
local function exists(var)
    return var ~= nil and var ~= ''
end

-- Merge parent-frame args then invoke args (invoke parameters win on conflict)
local function getArgs(frame)
    local args = {}
    local parent = frame:getParent()
    if parent and parent.args then
        for k, v in pairs(parent.args) do args[k] = trimWhitespace(v) end
    end
    for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do args[k] = trimWhitespace(v) end
    return args
end

-- Format a Wikidata time string into a clean, human-readable date
local function formatDate(dateString)
    if not dateString or type(dateString) ~= 'string' then return dateString end
    local year, month, day = dateString:match('^%+(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)')
    if not year then return dateString end
    local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()
    local base
    if day and day ~= '00' and month and month ~= '00' then
        base = year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day .. 'T00:00:00Z'
        return lang:formatDate('j F Y', base)
    elseif month and month ~= '00' then
        base = year .. '-' .. month .. '-01T00:00:00Z'
        return lang:formatDate('F Y', base)
    else
        return year
    end
end

-- ── Wikidata entity loader ─────────────────────────────────────

local function getEntity(entityId)
    if not mw.wikibase then return nil end
    if not entityId then
        entityId = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
    end
    if not entityId then return nil end

    local success, entity = pcall(function()
        return mw.wikibase.getEntity(entityId)
    end)

    if not (success and entity) then return nil end

    -- Attach best statement helper directly onto the entity table
    entity.getBestStatements = function(self, propertyId)
        if not self.claims or not self.claims[propertyId] then return {} end
        local out = {}
        for _, claim in pairs(self.claims[propertyId]) do
            if claim.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then
                table.insert(out, claim)
            end
        end
        return out
    end

    return entity
end

-- ── Wikidata value fetchers ────────────────────────────────────

-- Low-level fetcher: returns formatted data for a specific property
local function makeRequest(entityId, property)
    local entity = getEntity(entityId)
    if not entity then return nil, false end

    local statements = entity:getBestStatements(property)
    if #statements == 0 then return nil, false end

    local values = {}
    for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do
        local dv = statement.mainsnak.datavalue
        local val = nil

        if dv.type == 'string' then
            val = dv.value

        elseif dv.type == 'monolingualtext' then
            val = dv.value.text

        elseif dv.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then
            local tid   = dv.value.id
            local label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(tid)
            local link  = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(tid)
            if link then
                val = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', link, label or tid)
            else
                val = string.format('[[:d:%s|%s]]', tid, label or tid)
            end

        elseif dv.type == 'quantity' then
            local amount = tonumber(dv.value.amount)
            local lang   = mw.getContentLanguage()
            val = amount and lang:formatNum(amount) or string.gsub(dv.value.amount, &quot;^%+&quot;, &quot;&quot;)

        elseif dv.type == 'time' then
            val = formatDate(dv.value.time)
        end

        if val then table.insert(values, val) end
    end

    if #values &gt; 0 then
        return table.concat(values, ', '), true
    end
    return nil, false
end

-- Wrapper to search through multiple properties; returns first non-empty match
local function getWikidataValue(properties, entityId)
    local props = type(properties) == 'table' and properties or {properties}
    local values = {}
    for _, prop in ipairs(props) do
        local val, found = makeRequest(entityId, prop)
        if found then table.insert(values, val) end
    end
    if #values &gt; 0 then return table.concat(values, ', '), true end
    return nil, false
end

-- Fallback mechanism: tries local arguments, drops back to Wikidata if absent
local function getValueOrWikidata(args, paramName, properties)
    local value = args[paramName]
    if value then value = trimWhitespace(value) end
    local fromWikidata = false
    if not exists(value) and properties then
        value, fromWikidata = getWikidataValue(properties, args.qid)
    end
    return value, fromWikidata
end

-- ── Wikidata edit icon ────────────────────────────────────────

local function editIcon(entityId, propertyId)
    if not entityId or not propertyId then return '' end
    return string.format(
        ' [[File:Edit-icon.svg|20px|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/%s#%s|ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ]]',
        entityId, propertyId
    )
end

-- ── Section / row builders ────────────────────────────────────

local HEADER_COLOR  = '#1F8F6F'  -- Emerald Green palette for national teams
local HEADER_TEXT   = '#ffffff'
local SECTION_COLOR = '#1A7A5E'  -- Darker tone for subheaders
local ROW_BG        = '#f1f1f1'

local function addSectionHeader(infobox, title)
    infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('th')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :wikitext(title)
        :css({
            ['background-color'] = SECTION_COLOR,
            ['color']            = HEADER_TEXT,
            ['padding']          = '0.4em',
            ['text-align']       = 'center',
            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
            ['font-size']        = '110%',
        })
end

-- ── Native Kit Renderer Logic ─────────────────────────────────

local function buildNativeKit(args, num, defaultTitle)
    local filetype   = exists(args.filetype) and args.filetype or 'png'
    local leftarm    = exists(args['leftarm' .. num]) and args['leftarm' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local body       = exists(args['body' .. num]) and args['body' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local rightarm   = exists(args['rightarm' .. num]) and args['rightarm' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local shorts     = exists(args['shorts' .. num]) and args['shorts' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local socks      = exists(args['socks' .. num]) and args['socks' .. num] or 'ffffff'
    local title      = exists(args['pattern_name' .. num]) and args['pattern_name' .. num] or defaultTitle

    local pattern_la = args['pattern_la' .. num]
    local pattern_b  = args['pattern_b' .. num]
    local pattern_ra = args['pattern_ra' .. num]
    local pattern_sh = args['pattern_sh' .. num]
    local pattern_so = args['pattern_so' .. num]

    -- Set layout height based on socks parameter setup
    local containerHeight = (socks == 'none') and '95px' or '135px'

    local root = mw.html.create('div')
        :css({ ['width'] = '100px', ['margin'] = '0 auto', ['padding'] = '0' })

    local canvas = root:tag('div')
        :css({
            ['position'] = 'relative',
            ['left']     = '0px',
            ['top']      = '0px',
            ['width']    = '100px',
            ['height']   = containerHeight,
            ['margin']   = '0 auto',
            ['padding']  = '0'
        })

    -- Helper function to generate composite overlay image tracks natively
    local function addLayer(canvasBox, x, y, w, h, bg, pattern, prefix, fallbackSvg)
        local baseLayer = canvasBox:tag('div')
            :css({
                ['position']         = 'absolute',
                ['left']             = x .. 'px',
                ['top']              = y .. 'px',
                ['width']            = w .. 'px',
                ['height']           = h .. 'px',
                ['background-color'] = '#' .. bg,
                ['color']            = 'inherit'
            })
        
        if exists(pattern) then
            local imgName = 'Media:Kit ' .. prefix .. pattern .. '.' .. filetype
            local titleObj = mw.title.new(imgName)
            if titleObj and titleObj.exists then
                baseLayer:wikitext('[[File:Kit ' .. prefix .. pattern .. '.' .. filetype .. '|top|link=|alt=]]')
            else
                baseLayer:wikitext('[[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]]')
            end
        end

        canvasBox:tag('div')
            :css({
                ['position'] = 'absolute',
                ['left']     = x .. 'px',
                ['top']      = y .. 'px',
                ['width']    = w .. 'px',
                ['height']   = h .. 'px'
            })
            :wikitext('[[File:' .. fallbackSvg .. '|top|link=|alt=]]')
    end

    -- Left arm (0px wide offset canvas)
    addLayer(canvas, 0, 0, 31, 59, leftarm, pattern_la, 'left arm', 'Kit left arm.svg')

    -- Body torso (31px wide offset canvas)
    addLayer(canvas, 31, 0, 38, 59, body, pattern_b, 'body', 'Kit body.svg')

    -- Right arm (69px wide offset canvas)
    addLayer(canvas, 69, 0, 31, 59, rightarm, pattern_ra, 'right arm', 'Kit right arm.svg')

    -- Shorts (59px vertical top alignment)
    addLayer(canvas, 0, 59, 100, 36, shorts, pattern_sh, 'shorts', 'Kit shorts.svg')

    -- Socks (95px vertical top alignment conditional check)
    if socks ~= 'none' then
        addLayer(canvas, 0, 95, 100, 40, socks, pattern_so, 'socks', 'Kit socks long.svg')
    end

    -- Label Title Footer Rendering
    if exists(title) then
        root:tag('div')
            :css({ ['padding-top'] = '0.6em', ['text-align'] = 'center', ['font-weight'] = 'bold' })
            :wikitext(title)
    end

    return tostring(root)
end

-- ── Main entry point ──────────────────────────────────────────

function p.main(frame)
    local args = getArgs(frame)

    -- Resolve Wikidata Entity ID
    local entityId = trimWhitespace(args.qid)
    if entityId == '' then
        entityId = mw.wikibase and mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or nil
    end
    args.qid = entityId

    local entity = getEntity(entityId)

    -- ── Build the infobox table ───────────────────────────────

    local infobox = mw.html.create('table')
    infobox:addClass('infobox')
    infobox:css({
        ['border']            = '1px solid #a2a9b1',
        ['border-spacing']    = '3px',
        ['background-color']  = '#f8f9fa',
        ['color']             = 'black',
        ['margin']            = '0.5em 0 0.5em 1em',
        ['padding']           = '0.2em',
        ['float']             = 'right',
        ['clear']             = 'right',
        ['font-size']         = '90%',
        ['line-height']       = '1.5em',
        ['width']             = '22em',
    })

    -- ── Title header ─────────────────────────────────────────

    local title, titleFromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, 'ⴰⵣⵡⵍ', entity and nil or nil)
    if not exists(title) and entityId then
        title = mw.wikibase.getLabel(entityId)
    end
    if not exists(title) then
        title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
    end

    local titleRow = infobox:tag('tr')
    local titleCell = titleRow:tag('th')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({
            ['background-color'] = HEADER_COLOR,
            ['color']            = HEADER_TEXT,
            ['padding']          = '0.4em',
            ['text-align']       = 'center',
            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
            ['font-size']        = '115%',
            ['position']         = 'relative',
            ['line-height']      = '2em',
        })

    local titleDiv = mw.html.create('div')
        :css({ ['padding'] = '0 30px' })
        :wikitext(title)
    titleCell:node(titleDiv)

    -- Football icon positioned in top-right corner
    titleCell:node(
        mw.html.create('div')
            :css({ ['position'] = 'absolute', ['top'] = '5px', ['right'] = '5px' })
            :wikitext('[[File:Soccerball.svg|30px|alt=ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]]')
    )

    -- ── Logos / Brand Identity Images ─────────────────────────

    local logo1, logo1FromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, 'ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ', 'P154')
    local logo2 = args['ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ2']

    if exists(logo1) then
        local imgCell = infobox:tag('tr')
            :tag('td')
            :attr('colspan', 2)
            :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['padding'] = '0.5em' })
        
        local imgStr = '[[File:' .. logo1 .. '|220px|alt=' .. title .. ']]'
        if exists(logo2) then
            imgStr = imgStr .. '&lt;br /&gt;[[File:' .. logo2 .. '|220px]]'
        end

        imgCell:wikitext(imgStr)

        if logo1FromWD and entityId then
            imgCell:wikitext(editIcon(entityId, 'P154'))
        end
    end

    -- ── Dynamic Fields &amp; Data Normalization ────────────────────

    local function formatPalmares(phases, result)
        if not exists(phases) and not exists(result) then return nil end
        local out = &quot;&quot;
        if exists(phases) then out = out .. &quot;''ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ'' : &quot; .. phases .. &quot; &lt;br /&gt;&quot; end
        if exists(result) then out = out .. result end
        return out
    end

    args['palmares_cm']  = formatPalmares(args['ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ'], args['ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ (ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ)'])
    args['palmares_cc1'] = formatPalmares(args['ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ'], args['ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ)'])

    -- ── Sections and Rows Definition ──────────────────────────

    local sections = {
        {
            title = 'ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ', -- General Information
            rows = {
                { 'ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ',            'ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ',            'P1268' }, -- Association / Federation
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ',              'ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ',              'P463'  }, -- Confederation
                { 'ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴼⵙⵜ',            'ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴼⵜ',            nil     }, -- Nickname
                { 'ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ',              'ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ',              'P462'  }, -- Team Colors
                { 'ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ',               'ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ',               'P1449' }, -- Official Name
                { 'ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ',              'ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ',              'P115'  }, -- Home Stadium
                { 'ⴰⵣⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ',        'ⴰⵣⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ',        'P1081' }, -- FIFA Ranking
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷⵏ', -- Key Figures / Management
            rows = {
                { 'ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢ',    'ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢ',      'P286'  }, -- Head Coach
                { 'ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ',       'ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ',      'P634'  }, -- Captain
                { 'ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',         'ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ',         nil     }, -- Top Scorer
                { 'ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ', 'ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ', nil     }, -- Most Caps                
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ', -- Historic Matches
            rows = {
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ', 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ', nil }, -- First International Match
                { 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ', 'ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ', nil }, -- Latest Match
                { 'ⵜⴰⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',     'ⵜⴰⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',     nil }, -- Biggest Win
                { 'ⵜⵉⵕⵥⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',       'ⵜⵉⵕⵥⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ',       nil }, -- Biggest Defeat
            }
        },
        {
            title = 'ⴰⴱⴰⵍⵎⴰⵔⵉⵙ', -- Records &amp; Achievements
            rows = {
                { 'ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ',   'ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ',  nil }, -- World Cup Performance
                { 'ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ',   'ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ', nil }, -- Continental Cup Performance
                { 'ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⵏ',   'ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⵏ', nil }, -- Olympic Games
            }
        }
    }

    -- ── Render data blocks sequentially ───────────────────────

    for _, section in ipairs(sections) do
        local hasContent  = false
        local sectionHtml = mw.html.create('')

        for _, rowDef in ipairs(section.rows) do
            local label, paramName, wdProp = rowDef[1], rowDef[2], rowDef[3]
            
            if exists(label) then
                local value, fromWD = getValueOrWikidata(args, paramName, wdProp)

                if exists(value) then
                    hasContent = true
                    local row  = sectionHtml:tag('tr')
                    row:tag('th')
                        :wikitext(label)
                        :css({
                            ['background-color'] = ROW_BG,
                            ['padding']          = '0.2em',
                            ['text-align']       = 'left',
                            ['font-weight']      = 'bold',
                            ['width']            = '45%',
                        })
                    local cell = row:tag('td'):css({ ['padding'] = '0.2em' })

                    if fromWD and entityId and wdProp then
                        local icons = {}
                        local props = type(wdProp) == 'table' and wdProp or {wdProp}
                        for _, pid in ipairs(props) do
                            table.insert(icons, editIcon(entityId, pid))
                        end
                        cell:wikitext(value .. table.concat(icons))
                    else
                        cell:wikitext(value)
                    end
                end
            end
        end

        if hasContent then
            addSectionHeader(infobox, section.title)
            infobox:node(sectionHtml)
        end
    end

    -- ── Kit Graphics Sub-table Rendering ──────────────────────

    if exists(args['body1']) or exists(args['pattern_b1']) or exists(args['body2']) or exists(args['pattern_b2']) then
        addSectionHeader(infobox, 'ⵉⵔⵉⴽⵉⵜⵏ') -- Kits Header

        local kitContainer = infobox:tag('tr'):tag('td')
            :attr('colspan', 2)
            :css({
                ['text-align']       = 'center',
                ['padding']          = '0.5em',
                ['background-color'] = 'white'
            })
            
        local kitTable = kitContainer:tag('table')
            :css({
                ['width']      = '100%',
                ['background'] = 'transparent',
                ['text-align'] = 'center'
            })
            
        local kitRow = kitTable:tag('tr')

        local function renderKitColumn(num, defaultTitle)
            local body = args['body'..num]
            local pattern_b = args['pattern_b'..num]
            
            if exists(body) or exists(pattern_b) then
                local cell = kitRow:tag('td')
                cell:wikitext(buildNativeKit(args, num, defaultTitle))
            end
        end

        renderKitColumn('1', 'ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ')
        renderKitColumn('2', 'ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 2')
        renderKitColumn('3', 'ⴰⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 3')
    end

    -- ── Bottom Separator line ─────────────────────────────────

    infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('td')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({ ['padding'] = '0', ['border-top'] = '2px dashed ' .. HEADER_COLOR })

    -- ── Action Footer Links ───────────────────────────────────

    local currentTitle  = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
    local editSourceUrl = currentTitle:fullUrl({ action = 'edit',  section = '0' })
    local editVisualUrl = currentTitle:fullUrl({ veaction = 'edit' })

    local footerCell = infobox:tag('tr')
        :tag('td')
        :attr('colspan', 2)
        :css({
            ['padding']          = '0.2em',
            ['font-size']        = '85%',
            ['text-align']       = 'left',
            ['background-color'] = '#f8f9fa',
        })

    local footerDiv = mw.html.create('div')
        :css({ ['display'] = 'flex', ['justify-content'] = 'space-between',
               ['align-items'] = 'center' })

    local editSpan = footerDiv:tag('span'):addClass('plainlinks')

    if entityId and entityId ~= '' then
        local wdUrl = 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/' .. entityId
        editSpan:wikitext(
            '[' .. editSourceUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ] · ' ..
            '[' .. editVisualUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ] · ' ..
            '[' .. wdUrl .. ' ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ]'
        )
    else
        editSpan:wikitext(
            '[' .. editSourceUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ] · ' ..
            '[' .. editVisualUrl .. ' ⵙⵏⴼⵍ]'
        )
    end

    local templateDocUrl = mw.title.new('ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ'):fullUrl()
    footerDiv:tag('span')
        :css({ ['float'] = 'right', ['margin-left'] = '5px' })
        :wikitext('[[File:Info Simple.svg|18px|link=' .. templateDocUrl .. '|ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⴰⴷ]]')

    footerCell:node(footerDiv)

    return tostring(infobox)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>9vho56f01ccnmvqxk490g10zqx8z262</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>52743</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176993</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T22:18:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>176993</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="209" sha1="jrmuvisijgzgubdb9d687b8qxhr85vh" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jrmuvisijgzgubdb9d687b8qxhr85vh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ/ⴰⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>52744</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176994</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T22:23:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}{{lua|Module:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}} ==ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ==  ===ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ===  &lt;includeonly&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>176994</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="417" sha1="lh09e0fcx7whhgljxu7if4tbmu82eas" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}{{lua|Module:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
==ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ==

===ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ===

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lh09e0fcx7whhgljxu7if4tbmu82eas</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176996</id>
      <parentid>176994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T23:15:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>176996</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2050" sha1="rj6pwffnwgggm32ied4jee5emkcro0l" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}{{lua|Module:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
==ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
{{#invoke:Infobox/NationalTeam|main
| ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ =
| ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ2 =
| ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ =
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ =
| ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴼⵜ =
| ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ =
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ =
| ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ =
| ⴰⵣⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ =
| ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢ =
| ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ =
| ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ =
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ =
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ =
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ =
| ⵜⴰⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ =
| ⵜⵉⵕⵥⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ =
| ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ =
| ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ =
| ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ (ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ) =
| ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ =
| ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ =
| ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ) =
| ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⵏ =
| body1 =
| leftarm1 =
| rightarm1 =
| shorts1 =
| socks1 =
| pattern_b1 =
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_ra1 =
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| pattern_name1 =
| body2 =
| leftarm2 =
| rightarm2 =
| shorts2 =
| socks2 =
| pattern_b2 =
| pattern_la2 =
| pattern_ra2 =
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 =
| pattern_name2 =
| body3 =
| leftarm3 =
| rightarm3 =
| shorts3 =
| socks3 =
| pattern_b3 =
| pattern_la3 =
| pattern_ra3 =
| pattern_sh3 =
| pattern_so3 =
| pattern_name3 =
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
===ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ===

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rj6pwffnwgggm32ied4jee5emkcro0l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>176997</id>
      <parentid>176996</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T23:18:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Essaidib2</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ */</comment>
      <origin>176997</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2137" sha1="ffc8wgdjmwnmtkr8mcjqi9iuvonfany" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ}}{{lua|Module:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}
==ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; copy=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
| ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ =
| ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ2 =
| ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ =
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ =
| ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴼⵜ =
| ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ =
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ =
| ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ =
| ⴰⵣⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ =
| ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢ =
| ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ =
| ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ =
| ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ =
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ =
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵢⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ =
| ⵜⴰⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ =
| ⵜⵉⵕⵥⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ =
| ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ =
| ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ =
| ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ (ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ) =
| ⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ =
| ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ =
| ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ) =
| ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⵏ =
| body1 =
| leftarm1 =
| rightarm1 =
| shorts1 =
| socks1 =
| pattern_b1 =
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_ra1 =
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| pattern_name1 =
| body2 =
| leftarm2 =
| rightarm2 =
| shorts2 =
| socks2 =
| pattern_b2 =
| pattern_la2 =
| pattern_ra2 =
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 =
| pattern_name2 =
| body3 =
| leftarm3 =
| rightarm3 =
| shorts3 =
| socks3 =
| pattern_b3 =
| pattern_la3 =
| pattern_ra3 =
| pattern_sh3 =
| pattern_so3 =
| pattern_name3 =
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
===ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ===

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ffc8wgdjmwnmtkr8mcjqi9iuvonfany</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>