ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ

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      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵥⵍⵉ</namespace>
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      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴱⵓⴹ</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ</namespace>
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      <text bytes="2495" sha1="19l3byfqzfp4c1dahin2lx6qsrq1o93" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
'''ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ'''&lt;ref&gt;Laoust, Emile (1918). [https://books.google.co.ma/books/about/%C3%89tude_sur_le_dialecte_berb%C3%A8re_des_Ntif.html?id=yW_5zwEACAAJ Étude sur le dialecte berbère des Ntifa: grammaire, textes] (ⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ). E. Leroux. p. 104.&lt;/ref&gt; ⵏⵖ '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵜⵉⴼⵜ ⴳⴰⵏ''' ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ. 

ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴱⵣⵓ]], [[ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵊⵎⵄⴰ]], [[ⵜⴰⴱⵢⴰ]], [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵍⵍⴰ]], [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ (ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ)|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ]]… ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵏⵜ]]. ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ [[ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ]] ⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ [[ⴼⴰⵙ]]. ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴽⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵏⴰⵖⵉⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵏⴰⵖⴰⵏⵜ ⴼ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ. 

ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵡⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵊⵍⵍⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵢⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵓ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵣ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵙⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵡⴰⵙ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴻⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵓⵣⵜ.

ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]], ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ [[ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ]], ⴷ [[ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ]]. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙⵔⵙⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ.

==ⵜⵉⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ==
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{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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    <title>ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal</title>
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      <text bytes="704" sha1="oc3iayfnpso68ja6f8o64r7zhwvl604" xml:space="preserve">ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⴰ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⵎⴰ ⵏⴽⴽ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵉⵏⵓ “ⵎⵓⵃⴰ”, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵇⵇⵔⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ “ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ”. ⵏⴽⴽ ⴳⵉⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵍⵙ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ.

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ!

ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⴰⵡⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍ!

[https://www.facebook.com/share/17e7UKWVMa/?mibextid=wwXIfr ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴳ ⵇⵇⵓⵔⵖ]

{{#Babel:tzm|zgh-4|ary-5|ar-3|en-5|fr-4|es-1}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>19573</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T12:14:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Amnnagh-Nuzilal</username>
        <id>4047</id>
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      <text bytes="4810" sha1="s7jlad8sberwnuziwz1t2g4d7o6bxod" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
'''ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ''', ⵏⵖⴷ '''ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: الدارجة المغربية) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙⵔⵙ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ ⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ]]. ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵙⵙⵏ. ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴼⴰ|ⵡⴰⵏⴼⴰ]] (ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ) ⴷ [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ]] ⴷ [[ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ]] ⴷ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴼⴰⵙ]]. ⵏⵓⵜⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ.

== ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⴷⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ (ⴱⴰⵏⵓ) ⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍ

=== ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ ===
ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ “ⵜⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ” (ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ), ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵛⵓⵕⴰⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ. ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏⵜ:

# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴼⴰⵙ]], [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ]], [[ⵙⵍⴰ]], [[ⵜⴰⵣⴰ]], [[ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ]], ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ, [[ⵛⴼⵛⴰⵡⵏ|ⵛⴰⵡⵏ]], [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]], ⴰⵚⵉⵍⴰ, ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ (ⵇⵚⴰⵕ ⴽⴱⵉⵔ), [[ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ]], ⴷ [[ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ]]
# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⴱⵍⵉⵜ: ⴷⴰⵙ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ [[ⵊⴱⴰⵍⴰ (ⵊⴱⴰⵍⴰ)|ⵊⴱⴰⵍⴰ]] ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵛⵓⵕⴰⵜ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵚⴼⵕⵓ]] ⴷ ⵣⵕⵀⵓⵏ
# ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ: ⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

=== ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ===
ⵓⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴼ ⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵏ (ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴱⴰⵏⵓ ⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍ) ⵙ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 11, ⵙⴳ ⴱⴰⵏⵓ ⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ

ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵙ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵄⵇⵉⵍ (ⴱⴰⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵄⵇⵉⵍ), ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ:

# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⵓⴱⵉⵜ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ (ⴷⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍⴰ, ⵄⴱⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ, ⵛⴰⵡⵉⵢⴰ, ⵍⵖⵔⴱ, ⴷ ⵣⵄⵉⵔ) ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ [[ⴼⴰⵙ]] (ⵃⵢⴰⵢⵏⴰ, ⵛⵔⵔⴰⴳⴰ, ⵡⵍⴰⴷ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ…)
# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ [[ⵡⵓⵊⴷⴰ]] ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]] ([[ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ [[ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ]] ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ)
# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ, ⵍⵓⵍⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵏ 20

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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        <username>Amnnagh-Nuzilal</username>
        <id>4047</id>
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      <comment>ⵎⵛⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴳⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵖ, ⵏⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳⴰⴷⴷⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ</comment>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
'''ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ''', ⵏⵖ ⴷ '''ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: الدارجة المغربية) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙⵔⵙ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ ⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ]]. ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵙⵙⵏ. ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴼⴰ|ⵡⴰⵏⴼⴰ]] (ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ) ⴷ [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ]] ⴷ [[ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ]] ⴷ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴼⴰⵙ]]. ⵏⵓⵜⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ.

== ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ (ⴱⴰⵏⵓ) ⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍ

=== ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ ===
ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ “ⵜⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ” (ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ), ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵛⵓⵕⴰⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ. ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏⵜ:

# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴼⴰⵙ]], [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ]], [[ⵙⵍⴰ]], [[ⵜⴰⵣⴰ]], [[ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ]], ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ, [[ⵛⴼⵛⴰⵡⵏ|ⵛⴰⵡⵏ]], [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]], ⴰⵚⵉⵍⴰ, ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ (ⵇⵚⴰⵕ ⴽⴱⵉⵔ), [[ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ]], ⴷ [[ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ]]
# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⴱⵍⵉⵜ: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ [[ⵊⴱⴰⵍⴰ (ⵊⴱⴰⵍⴰ)|ⵊⴱⴰⵍⴰ]] ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵛⵓⵕⴰⵜ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵚⴼⵕⵓ]] ⴷ ⵣⵕⵀⵓⵏ
# ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ: ⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

=== ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ===
ⵓⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴼ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵡⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵏ (ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴱⴰⵏⵓ ⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍ) ⵙ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 11, ⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵎⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⴼ ⴱⴰⵏⵓ ⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍ.

ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵙⵔⵙⵏⵜ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵄⵇⵉⵍ (ⴱⴰⵏⵓ ⵎⴰⵄⵇⵉⵍ), ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ:

# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⵓⴱⵉⵜ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ (ⴷⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍⴰ, ⵄⴱⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ, ⵛⴰⵡⵉⵢⴰ, ⵍⵖⵔⴱ, ⴷ ⵣⵄⵉⵔ) ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ [[ⴼⴰⵙ]] (ⵃⵢⴰⵢⵏⴰ, ⵛⵔⵔⴰⴳⴰ, ⵡⵍⴰⴷ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ…)
# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ [[ⵡⵓⵊⴷⴰ]] ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]] ([[ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ [[ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ]] ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ)
# ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ, ⵍⵓⵍⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵏ 20

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: واد العبيد) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ]]. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴹⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]]. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ]] “ⵡⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴱⵉⴷ”.

== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⵓⵏⴼⵉⵜ]], ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⴰⵃⵏ ⴳ [[ⴱⵣⵓ]], ⵢⴰⵣⵣⵍ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⴼⵇⵉⵀ ⴱⵏ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ]], ⵉⴼⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ [[ⵓⵎⵎ ⵕⵕⴱⵉⵄ]] ⴷⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ.

==ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ==
* [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⴱⵣⵓ]]

* [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵏⵚⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ]]

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴰⵙⵉⴼ |ⴰⵎⴰⵏ |ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ }}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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        <id>4047</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Amnnagh-Nuzilal ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ]]: Misspelled title</comment>
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: واد العبيد) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ]]. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴹⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]]. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ]] “ⵡⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴱⵉⴷ”.

== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⵓⵏⴼⵉⵜ]], ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⴰⵃⵏ ⴳ [[ⴱⵣⵓ]], ⵢⴰⵣⵣⵍ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⴼⵇⵉⵀ ⴱⵏ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ]], ⵉⴼⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ [[ⵓⵎⵎ ⵕⵕⴱⵉⵄ]] ⴷⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ.

==ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ==
* [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⴱⵣⵓ]]

* [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵏⵚⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ]]

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴰⵙⵉⴼ |ⴰⵎⴰⵏ |ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ }}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: واد العبيد) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ]]. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴹⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]]. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ]] “ⵡⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴱⵉⴷ”.

== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⵓⵏⴼⵉⵜ]], ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⴰⵃⵏ ⴳ [[ⴱⵣⵓ]], ⵢⴰⵣⵣⵍ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⴼⵇⵉⵀ ⴱⵏ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ]], ⵉⴼⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ [[ⵓⵎⵎ ⵕⵕⴱⵉⵄ]] ⴷⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ.

==ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ==
* [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⴱⵣⵓ]]

* [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵏⵚⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ]]

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴰⵙⵉⴼ |ⴰⵎⴰⵏ |ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ }}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: واد العبيد) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ]]. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]]. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ]] “ⵡⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴱⵉⴷ”.

== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⵓⵏⴼⵉⵜ]], ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⴰⵃⵏ ⴳ [[ⴱⵣⵓ]], ⵢⴰⵣⵣⵍ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⴼⵇⵉⵀ ⴱⵏ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ]], ⵉⴼⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ [[ⵓⵎⵎ ⵕⵕⴱⵉⵄ]] ⴷⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ.

==ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ==
* [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⴱⵣⵓ]]

* [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵏⵚⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ]]

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴰⵙⵉⴼ |ⴰⵎⴰⵏ |ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ }}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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        <id>4047</id>
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      <text bytes="2407" sha1="6s072k82qh4rw3ezo8w7vm0m1e7hpwi" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}

{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: واد العبيد) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ]]. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ]], ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]]. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ]] “ⵡⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴱⵉⴷ”.

== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⵓⵏⴼⵉⵜ]], ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⴰⵃⵏ ⴳ [[ⴱⵣⵓ]], ⵢⴰⵣⵣⵍ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⴼⵇⵉⵀ ⴱⵏ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ]], ⵉⴼⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ [[ⵓⵎⵎ ⵕⵕⴱⵉⵄ]] ⴷⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ.

==ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ==
* [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⴱⵣⵓ]]

* [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵏⵚⴰⵍ]]

* [[ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ]]

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴰⵙⵉⴼ |ⴰⵎⴰⵏ |ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ }}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵣⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ/10 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>30581</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-10T00:47:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ABDELATIF ANADJAR</username>
        <id>14</id>
      </contributor>
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{{ⴰⴱⴷⴰⵔ|text=ⵡⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ
             ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵍⵉⵎ|author=ⴰⵏⵥⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ (ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38875</id>
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        <username>Amnnagh-Nuzilal</username>
        <id>4047</id>
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      <minor />
      <origin>177640</origin>
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      <text bytes="3202" sha1="h5p22pof317imye1r590vyxs73be0bq" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ|ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ=ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ|ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ=[[ⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ|ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]|ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ={{flaglist|Morocco}}|ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ=[[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]]|ⵉⵙⵎ2=بني حسان|ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ=ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ|ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ2=[[ⴱⵣⵓ|ⴱⵣⵓ]]|ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ2=ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵢⵕⵜ ⵏ|ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ3=ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵊⵎⵄⴰ|ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ3=ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ}}
'''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: بني حسان) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵥⴰⵢⵕⵜ ⵏ [[ⴱⵣⵓ]] ⴳ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵊⵎⵄⴰ]]. '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ]], ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ.

== ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ''' ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ, ⵙⴳⵉⵙⵏ: ⴰⵙⵇⵓⵏⴱⵔ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵓ ⵛⵄⵓ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⴽⴰⵏ, ⵉⴱⴰⵕⴰⵖⵏ, ⵍⴰⵔⴱⵄ, ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵜ, ⵎⴰⵙⴽⴰⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵛⵛⵉⵃⵏ, ⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ, ⴳⵉⵎⵉ, ⵉⵖⵉⵔ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓⵜ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵕⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ…

== ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵖⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⵜⴳⴰ '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ''' ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵏⵜⵉⴼⵏ]], ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵊⵟⵏ.

ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏ '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ''' ⴷⴰ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]], ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵢⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴻⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵡⴰ.

== ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ''' ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1992 ⵏⵏⵉⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⴱⴹⵓⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵊⵎⵄⴰ]], ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ 4 ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵛⵉⵅⴰⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ: ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵉⴱⴰⵕⴰⵖⵏ, ⵍⴰⵔⴱⵄ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵜ.

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
      <sha1>h5p22pof317imye1r590vyxs73be0bq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>42187</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177644</id>
      <parentid>160296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T12:51:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Amnnagh-Nuzilal</username>
        <id>4047</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Amnnagh-Nuzilal ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ]]: Misspelled title</comment>
      <origin>160296</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1053" sha1="99q3ej00puu3p2mdcmwrn5mokk60yb0" xml:space="preserve">== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ==

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⴷ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ! ⵎⴰⵅ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴽⵙⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ &quot;ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏ&quot;, ⵉⵙ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ? --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 11:30, 21 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025 (+01)

:@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ⵙⵇⵙⵉⵅ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ “ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ”  [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 02:57, 23 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025 (+01)</text>
      <sha1>99q3ej00puu3p2mdcmwrn5mokk60yb0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>177652</id>
      <parentid>177644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T15:18:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⵅ&quot; */ new section</comment>
      <origin>177652</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1836" sha1="ssv8k1so3vcvxdwi523mvg55i2f4l4j" xml:space="preserve">== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ==

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⴷ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ! ⵎⴰⵅ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴽⵙⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ &quot;ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏ&quot;, ⵉⵙ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ? --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 11:30, 21 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025 (+01)

:@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ⵙⵇⵙⵉⵅ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ “ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ”  [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 02:57, 23 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025 (+01)

== ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⵅ&quot; ==

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⴷ ! ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⵅ&quot; ⵉⴳⴰ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵏⵏ&quot; ? 
ⴰⴳⴳⵯ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⴳ =&gt; ⵉⵙⵎⴳⴰⵏ&quot;, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [https://tal.ircam.ma/dglai/search/lexie/137370/esclave/0/0 &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⴳ, ⵉⵙⵎⵖ, ⵉⵙⵎⵅ&quot;]  --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 16:18, 9 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2026 (+01)</text>
      <sha1>ssv8k1so3vcvxdwi523mvg55i2f4l4j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>177653</id>
      <parentid>177652</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T18:44:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⵅ&quot; */ ⵔⴰⵔ</comment>
      <origin>177653</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2391" sha1="35h4x5ytcnodoc3a8kh8j6t0slkr9bq" xml:space="preserve">== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ==

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⴷ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ! ⵎⴰⵅ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴽⵙⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ &quot;ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏ&quot;, ⵉⵙ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ? --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 11:30, 21 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025 (+01)

:@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ⵙⵇⵙⵉⵅ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ “ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ”  [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 02:57, 23 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025 (+01)

== ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⵅ&quot; ==

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amnnagh-Nuzilal|Amnnagh-Nuzilal]] ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⴷ ! ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⵅ&quot; ⵉⴳⴰ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵏⵏ&quot; ? 
ⴰⴳⴳⵯ ⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⴳ =&gt; ⵉⵙⵎⴳⴰⵏ&quot;, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [https://tal.ircam.ma/dglai/search/lexie/137370/esclave/0/0 &quot;ⵉⵙⵎⴳ, ⵉⵙⵎⵖ, ⵉⵙⵎⵅ&quot;]  --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 16:18, 9 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2026 (+01)

:'''ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ''': 
:*ⵉⵣⵎ =&gt; ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵡⵏ
:*ⵉⵅⴼ =&gt; ⵉⵅⴼⴰⵡⵏ
:*ⵉⵙⵎ =&gt; ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ
:*ⵉⵍⴼ =&gt; ⵉⵍⴼⴰⵡⵏ
:*ⵉⵍⵎ =&gt; ⵉⵍⵎⴰⵡⵏ
:*ⵉⵙⵎⴳ =&gt; ⵉⵙⵎⴳⴰⵏ
:*ⵉⴼⴷⵏ =&gt; ⵉⴼⴷⵏⴰⵏ
:*ⵉⵡⵍⴹ =&gt; ⵉⵡⵍⴹⴰⵏ
:*ⵉⴱⵏⴽ =&gt; ⵉⴱⵏⴽⴰⵏ 
:--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|Lhoussine Bentayfaste]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine Bentayfaste|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 19:44, 9 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2026 (+01)</text>
      <sha1>35h4x5ytcnodoc3a8kh8j6t0slkr9bq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52784</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177634</id>
      <parentid>177629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T12:13:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>177634</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8049" sha1="q9ex7sgyhpgpgfp4jk1g0u7tpzkkh6q" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ''' (ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ: '''Harry Stroomer''') ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1946 ⴳ ⵜⴷⵎⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵍⴽⵎⴰⵔ]], ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 19 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2026.&lt;ref&gt;[[ⵟⵟⴰⵀⵕ ⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔ]] (2026), [https://llacan.cnrs.fr/blog/?p=3998 Triste nouvelle : Décès de Harry Stroomer], ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 24 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2026 (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ)&lt;/ref&gt; ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1987 ⵙⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ]]. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴽⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵓ-ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ|ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴹⴰ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Toegang geblokkeerd / Access Blocked |url=https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/harry-stroomer#tab-1 |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.universiteitleiden.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Harry Stroomer {{!}} African Studies Centre Leiden |url=https://ascleiden.nl/content/ASC-community/members/harry-stroomer |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=ascleiden.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵍⴰⵡⵉ]] (2024). '''[https://orbinah.blog4ever.com/en-arabe-du-nouveau-en-lexicographie-berbereamazighe-dictionnaire-tachelhiyt-francais-par-harry-stroomer جديد الصناعة المعجمية الأمازيغية] ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 24/07/2026. OrBinah''' (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ==

=== ⵉⴷ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ: ===

* [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ - ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ (ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ)|ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ - ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ]] (ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴱⵕⵉⵍ, 2025): ⵉⴳⴰ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ 4 ⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 40 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵖⵎⵉⵙ |last=SAADOUNI |first=Mohamed |date=2026-01-24 |title=Review of the Berber Tachelḥiyt–French Dictionary. (4 Volumes) |url=https://scholarhub.univh2c.ma/fls/vol10/iss1/13 |journal=Faits de Langue et Société (FLS) |volume=10 |issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ, ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ: ===

* ⵜⵓⵏⵟⵕⵓⴱⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ (ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, 2001) &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ |last=Stroomer |first=Harry |url=https://ircam.biblio.ma/catalogue/index.php?lvl=notice_display&amp;id=10382 |title=An anthology of Tashelhiyt Berber Folktales (South Morocco) |date=2001 |publisher=Rudiger Koppe Verlag |isbn=978-3-89645-381-5 |series=Berber studies |location=Koln}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵎⵉⵡⵏ (ⵓⴳⴷⵎⵜ) ⴷ ⵉⴳⵏⴷⴰⴼⵏ (ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ). &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fnac.com/a1175193/Harry-Stroomer-Textes-berberes-des-Guedmioua-et-Goundafa ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⵓⵏⵟⵕⵓⴱⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍⵜ]] (ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ), ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ [[ⵀⴰⵏⵣ ⵛⵜⵓⵎ]] (2004).
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ (ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ|ⴰⵖⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ]], 2007) &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |last=Roux |first=Arsène |last2=Stroomer |first2=Harry |date=2007 |title=Textes berbères du Maroc central ; (textes originaux en transcription). ; Arsène Roux ; édités par Harry Stroomer. |url=https://altair.imarabe.org//notice.php?q=id:128571&amp;lang=fr |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=altair.imarabe.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵡⵣⴳⵉⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ [[ⴱⵢⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵖ]]). &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Textes berbères des Aït Ouaouzguite (Broché) au meilleur prix {{!}} E.Leclerc |url=https://www.e.leclerc/fp/textes-berberes-des-ait-ouaouzguite-broche-9782857449607 |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.e.leclerc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵖⵎⵔⴰⵡⵏ]] (ⵖⵎⴰⵔⴰ): ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵏⵊⵕⵓⵎ ⵓⴳⵣⵉⵍ.

=== ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵕⵛⵉⴼⵏ: ===
ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ''[[ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ]]'' (ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜ [[ⵔⵓⴷⵉⴳⵔ ⴽⵓⴱⴱ ⴼⵉⵔⵍⴰⴳ]]) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ [[ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏ|ⵓⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ:&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag - African Studies / Africanistics, Cultural and Legal Anthropology, History of Christian Missions, and Sociology {{!}} Series details |url=https://www.koeppe.de/reihe_bs-berber-studies |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.koeppe.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵛⵉⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ]], 2003).
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ (ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ)|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ]], [[ⵉⵖⵣⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⴳⵎⵉⵔ]], [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]], [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]. ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜ [[ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴰⵉⵜ ⵍⵎⵇⴷⴷⵎ]], ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ.

=== ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵓⵛⵉⵜⵉⵏ: ===

* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ]], [[ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵏ]], 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ |last=Johnstone |first=Thomas M. |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books/about/Mehri_Texts_from_Oman.html?id=buGOA-4hX1EC&amp;redir_esc=y |title=Mehri Texts from Oman: Based on the Field Materials of T.M. Johnstone |last2=Stroomer |first2=Harry |date=1999 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-04215-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⴰⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵕⴰⵏⴰ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵓ, 19995.
* ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵓⵙ ⴳ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ|ⴽⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ]], 2001.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ]]
* [[ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⵓⵏⵉ]]
* [[ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵖ]]
* [[ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵏ ⴽⵓⵚⵎⴰⵏ|ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⵓⵚⵎⴰⵏ]]
* [[ⵏⵉⴽⵓ ⴼⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵏ ⴱⵓⵅⵔⵜ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ |ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ}}</text>
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        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
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      <text bytes="8053" sha1="rssk8yy58ajigvbwpwofc6x52y2jjse" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ]]: '''Harry Stroomer''') ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1946 ⴳ ⵜⴷⵎⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵍⴽⵎⴰⵔ]], ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 19 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2026.&lt;ref&gt;[[ⵟⵟⴰⵀⵕ ⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔ]] (2026), [https://llacan.cnrs.fr/blog/?p=3998 Triste nouvelle : Décès de Harry Stroomer], ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 24 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2026 (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ)&lt;/ref&gt; ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1987 ⵙⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ]]. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴽⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵓ-ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ|ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴹⴰ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Toegang geblokkeerd / Access Blocked |url=https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/harry-stroomer#tab-1 |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.universiteitleiden.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Harry Stroomer {{!}} African Studies Centre Leiden |url=https://ascleiden.nl/content/ASC-community/members/harry-stroomer |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=ascleiden.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵍⴰⵡⵉ]] (2024). '''[https://orbinah.blog4ever.com/en-arabe-du-nouveau-en-lexicographie-berbereamazighe-dictionnaire-tachelhiyt-francais-par-harry-stroomer جديد الصناعة المعجمية الأمازيغية] ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 24/07/2026. OrBinah''' (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ==

=== ⵉⴷ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ: ===

* [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ - ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ (ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ)|ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ - ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ]] (ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴱⵕⵉⵍ, 2025): ⵉⴳⴰ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ 4 ⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 40 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵖⵎⵉⵙ |last=SAADOUNI |first=Mohamed |date=2026-01-24 |title=Review of the Berber Tachelḥiyt–French Dictionary. (4 Volumes) |url=https://scholarhub.univh2c.ma/fls/vol10/iss1/13 |journal=Faits de Langue et Société (FLS) |volume=10 |issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ, ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ: ===

* ⵜⵓⵏⵟⵕⵓⴱⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ (ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, 2001) &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ |last=Stroomer |first=Harry |url=https://ircam.biblio.ma/catalogue/index.php?lvl=notice_display&amp;id=10382 |title=An anthology of Tashelhiyt Berber Folktales (South Morocco) |date=2001 |publisher=Rudiger Koppe Verlag |isbn=978-3-89645-381-5 |series=Berber studies |location=Koln}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵎⵉⵡⵏ (ⵓⴳⴷⵎⵜ) ⴷ ⵉⴳⵏⴷⴰⴼⵏ (ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ). &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fnac.com/a1175193/Harry-Stroomer-Textes-berberes-des-Guedmioua-et-Goundafa ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⵓⵏⵟⵕⵓⴱⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍⵜ]] (ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ), ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ [[ⵀⴰⵏⵣ ⵛⵜⵓⵎ]] (2004).
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ (ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ|ⴰⵖⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ]], 2007) &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |last=Roux |first=Arsène |last2=Stroomer |first2=Harry |date=2007 |title=Textes berbères du Maroc central ; (textes originaux en transcription). ; Arsène Roux ; édités par Harry Stroomer. |url=https://altair.imarabe.org//notice.php?q=id:128571&amp;lang=fr |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=altair.imarabe.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵡⵣⴳⵉⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ [[ⴱⵢⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵖ]]). &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Textes berbères des Aït Ouaouzguite (Broché) au meilleur prix {{!}} E.Leclerc |url=https://www.e.leclerc/fp/textes-berberes-des-ait-ouaouzguite-broche-9782857449607 |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.e.leclerc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵖⵎⵔⴰⵡⵏ]] (ⵖⵎⴰⵔⴰ): ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵏⵊⵕⵓⵎ ⵓⴳⵣⵉⵍ.

=== ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵕⵛⵉⴼⵏ: ===
ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ''[[ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ]]'' (ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜ [[ⵔⵓⴷⵉⴳⵔ ⴽⵓⴱⴱ ⴼⵉⵔⵍⴰⴳ]]) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ [[ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏ|ⵓⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ:&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag - African Studies / Africanistics, Cultural and Legal Anthropology, History of Christian Missions, and Sociology {{!}} Series details |url=https://www.koeppe.de/reihe_bs-berber-studies |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.koeppe.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵛⵉⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ]], 2003).
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ (ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ)|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ]], [[ⵉⵖⵣⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⴳⵎⵉⵔ]], [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]], [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]. ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜ [[ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴰⵉⵜ ⵍⵎⵇⴷⴷⵎ]], ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ.

=== ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵓⵛⵉⵜⵉⵏ: ===

* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ]], [[ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵏ]], 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ |last=Johnstone |first=Thomas M. |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books/about/Mehri_Texts_from_Oman.html?id=buGOA-4hX1EC&amp;redir_esc=y |title=Mehri Texts from Oman: Based on the Field Materials of T.M. Johnstone |last2=Stroomer |first2=Harry |date=1999 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-04215-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⴰⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵕⴰⵏⴰ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵓ, 19995.
* ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵓⵙ ⴳ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ|ⴽⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ]], 2001.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ]]
* [[ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⵓⵏⵉ]]
* [[ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵖ]]
* [[ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵏ ⴽⵓⵚⵎⴰⵏ|ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⵓⵚⵎⴰⵏ]]
* [[ⵏⵉⴽⵓ ⴼⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵏ ⴱⵓⵅⵔⵜ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ |ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ}}</text>
      <sha1>rssk8yy58ajigvbwpwofc6x52y2jjse</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>177637</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T12:18:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
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      <text bytes="8304" sha1="cjx6yl416u8hbcbtjfe8epit4qm2a1c" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ]]: '''Harry Stroomer''') ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1946 ⴳ ⵜⴷⵎⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵍⴽⵎⴰⵔ]], ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 19 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2026.&lt;ref&gt;[[ⵟⵟⴰⵀⵕ ⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔ]] (2026), [https://llacan.cnrs.fr/blog/?p=3998 Triste nouvelle : Décès de Harry Stroomer], ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 24 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2026 (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ)&lt;/ref&gt; ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1987 ⵙⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ]]. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴽⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵓ-ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵢⴷⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ|ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴹⴰ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Toegang geblokkeerd / Access Blocked |url=https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/harry-stroomer#tab-1 |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.universiteitleiden.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Harry Stroomer {{!}} African Studies Centre Leiden |url=https://ascleiden.nl/content/ASC-community/members/harry-stroomer |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=ascleiden.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵍⴰⵡⵉ]] (2024). '''[https://orbinah.blog4ever.com/en-arabe-du-nouveau-en-lexicographie-berbereamazighe-dictionnaire-tachelhiyt-francais-par-harry-stroomer جديد الصناعة المعجمية الأمازيغية] ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 24/07/2026. OrBinah''' (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ)&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ==

=== ⵉⴷ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ: ===

* [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ - ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ (ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ)|ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ - ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ]] (ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴱⵕⵉⵍ, 2025): ⵉⴳⴰ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ 4 ⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 40 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵖⵎⵉⵙ |last=SAADOUNI |first=Mohamed |date=2026-01-24 |title=Review of the Berber Tachelḥiyt–French Dictionary. (4 Volumes) |url=https://scholarhub.univh2c.ma/fls/vol10/iss1/13 |journal=Faits de Langue et Société (FLS) |volume=10 |issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reddit.com/r/AmazighPeople/comments/1jlorzu/dutch_linguist_spends_40_years_compiling/ ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ - ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ, ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ: ===

* ⵜⵓⵏⵟⵕⵓⴱⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ (ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, 2001) &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ |last=Stroomer |first=Harry |url=https://ircam.biblio.ma/catalogue/index.php?lvl=notice_display&amp;id=10382 |title=An anthology of Tashelhiyt Berber Folktales (South Morocco) |date=2001 |publisher=Rudiger Koppe Verlag |isbn=978-3-89645-381-5 |series=Berber studies |location=Koln}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵎⵉⵡⵏ (ⵓⴳⴷⵎⵜ) ⴷ ⵉⴳⵏⴷⴰⴼⵏ (ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ). &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fnac.com/a1175193/Harry-Stroomer-Textes-berberes-des-Guedmioua-et-Goundafa ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⵓⵏⵟⵕⵓⴱⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍⵜ]] (ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ), ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ [[ⵀⴰⵏⵣ ⵛⵜⵓⵎ]] (2004).
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ (ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ|ⴰⵖⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ]], 2007) &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |last=Roux |first=Arsène |last2=Stroomer |first2=Harry |date=2007 |title=Textes berbères du Maroc central ; (textes originaux en transcription). ; Arsène Roux ; édités par Harry Stroomer. |url=https://altair.imarabe.org//notice.php?q=id:128571&amp;lang=fr |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=altair.imarabe.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵡⵣⴳⵉⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ [[ⴱⵢⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵖ]]). &lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Textes berbères des Aït Ouaouzguite (Broché) au meilleur prix {{!}} E.Leclerc |url=https://www.e.leclerc/fp/textes-berberes-des-ait-ouaouzguite-broche-9782857449607 |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.e.leclerc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵖⵎⵔⴰⵡⵏ]] (ⵖⵎⴰⵔⴰ): ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵏⵊⵕⵓⵎ ⵓⴳⵣⵉⵍ.

=== ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵕⵛⵉⴼⵏ: ===
ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ''[[ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ]]'' (ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜ [[ⵔⵓⴷⵉⴳⵔ ⴽⵓⴱⴱ ⴼⵉⵔⵍⴰⴳ]]) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ [[ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏ|ⵓⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]]. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ:&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag - African Studies / Africanistics, Cultural and Legal Anthropology, History of Christian Missions, and Sociology {{!}} Series details |url=https://www.koeppe.de/reihe_bs-berber-studies |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.koeppe.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵛⵉⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵙⵉⵏ ⵔⵓ]], 2003).
* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ (ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ)|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ]], [[ⵉⵖⵣⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⴳⵎⵉⵔ]], [[ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ]], [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]. ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜ [[ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴰⵉⵜ ⵍⵎⵇⴷⴷⵎ]], ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ.

=== ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵓⵛⵉⵜⵉⵏ: ===

* ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵀⴰⵔⵉⵜ]], [[ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵏ]], 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ |last=Johnstone |first=Thomas M. |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books/about/Mehri_Texts_from_Oman.html?id=buGOA-4hX1EC&amp;redir_esc=y |title=Mehri Texts from Oman: Based on the Field Materials of T.M. Johnstone |last2=Stroomer |first2=Harry |date=1999 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-04215-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ⵜⴰⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵕⴰⵏⴰ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵓ, 19995.
* ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵓⵙ ⴳ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ|ⴽⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ]], 2001.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⵜⵔⵓⵎⵔ]]
* [[ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⵓⵏⵉ]]
* [[ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵖ]]
* [[ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵏ ⴽⵓⵚⵎⴰⵏ|ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⵓⵚⵎⴰⵏ]]
* [[ⵏⵉⴽⵓ ⴼⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵏ ⴱⵓⵅⵔⵜ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ |ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ}}</text>
      <sha1>cjx6yl416u8hbcbtjfe8epit4qm2a1c</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ</title>
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        <id>14</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5009" sha1="kwjmsreoqm6rb0o20tgrs1ltww2mkrv" xml:space="preserve">'''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⴰ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]] ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵥⵍⵉⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⴱⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ '''ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴼ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ|ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ]] [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉ]] ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ; ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ « Estado social de derecho »; ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 11 ⵛⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2001 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (OEA), ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.
==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵉ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 76.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;
68ـ محمد سبيال: زمن العولمة: دار توبقال للنشر، الطبعة األولى، الدار البيضاء/ المغرب،5119، 
ص: .22 العدد 22 أكتوبر 2222
 45&lt;/ref&gt;
ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 80, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵔ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵕⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ.
ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ  ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.&lt;ref&gt; أحمد فتحي سرور: الحماية الدستورية للحقوق والحريات، دار الشروق، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، 
،5111 ص: &lt;20./ref&gt;

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5008" sha1="5uru41mjyu7gw6wa3m4djovporutexy" xml:space="preserve">'''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⴰ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]] ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵥⵍⵉⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⴱⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ '''ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴼ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ|ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ]] [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉ]] ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ; ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ « Estado social de derecho »; ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 11 ⵛⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2001 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (OEA), ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.
==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵉ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 76.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;
68ـ محمد سبيال: زمن العولمة: دار توبقال للنشر، الطبعة األولى، الدار البيضاء/ المغرب،5119، 
ص: .22 العدد 22 أكتوبر 2222
 45&lt;/ref&gt;
ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 80, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵔ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵕⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ.
ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ  ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. &lt;ref&gt; أحمد فتحي سرور: الحماية الدستورية للحقوق والحريات، دار الشروق، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، 
،5111 ص:20 &lt;/ref&gt;
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5444" sha1="8zgi6g3ud7lnwqjv9tdtd70a77g3fdl" xml:space="preserve">'''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⴰ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]] ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵥⵍⵉⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⴱⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ '''ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴼ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ|ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ]] [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉ]] ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ; ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ « Estado social de derecho »; ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 11 ⵛⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2001 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (OEA), ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.
==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵉ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 76.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;
68ـ محمد سبيال: زمن العولمة: دار توبقال للنشر، الطبعة األولى، الدار البيضاء/ المغرب،5119، 
ص: .22 العدد 22 أكتوبر 2222
 45&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 80, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵔ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵕⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;دولة القانون والمؤسسات والنظام الديموقراطي
Rule of law, institutions and democratic system
د. سيد المين سيد عمر الشيخ
D. Sid LeminOuld Sid Amar Cheikh
أستاذ متعاون بكلية الحقوق ـ جامعة نواكشوط العصرية، موريتانيا
وبالمدرسة الوطنية لإلدارة والصحافة والقضاء، أكتوبر 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ  ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. &lt;ref&gt; أحمد فتحي سرور: الحماية الدستورية للحقوق والحريات، دار الشروق، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، 
،5111 ص:20 &lt;/ref&gt;
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6071" sha1="n4uy5ekmqhuccsvqneqs8z79lfecuyh" xml:space="preserve">'''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⴰ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]] ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵥⵍⵉⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⴱⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ '''ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴼ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ|ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ]] [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉ]] ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ; ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ « Estado social de derecho »; ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 11 ⵛⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2001 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (OEA), ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.&lt;ref&gt;{{lien web |titre=L’État de droit en Amérique latine et au Canada |url=https://droitcivil.uottawa.ca/fr/letat-droit-amerique-latine-au-canada |site={{lang|en|Faculty of Law - Civil Law section}} |éditeur=[[université d'Ottawa]] |consulté le=11-10-2021}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵉ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 76.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;
68ـ محمد سبيال: زمن العولمة: دار توبقال للنشر، الطبعة األولى، الدار البيضاء/ المغرب،5119، 
ص: .22 العدد 22 أكتوبر 2222
 45&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 80, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵔ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵕⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://journal-strategic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-3.pdf دولة القانون والمؤسسات والنظام الديموقراطي,Rule of law, institutions and democratic system
د. سيد المين سيد عمر الشيخ]

[https://journal-strategic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-3.pdf D. Sid LeminOuld Sid Amar Cheikh
أستاذ متعاون بكلية الحقوق ـ جامعة نواكشوط العصرية، موريتانيا
وبالمدرسة الوطنية لإلدارة والصحافة والقضاء، أكتوبر 2022.]&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ  ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. &lt;ref&gt; أحمد فتحي سرور: الحماية الدستورية للحقوق والحريات، دار الشروق، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، 
،5111 ص:20 &lt;/ref&gt;
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6119" sha1="86xi7ulxs6pq9tlvsfnv2lspdd6rs8m" xml:space="preserve">'''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⴰ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]] ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵥⵍⵉⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⴱⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ '''ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴼ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ|ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ]] [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉ]] ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ; ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ « Estado social de derecho »; ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 11 ⵛⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2001 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (OEA), ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.&lt;ref&gt;{{lien web |titre=L’État de droit en Amérique latine et au Canada |url=https://droitcivil.uottawa.ca/fr/letat-droit-amerique-latine-au-canada |site={{lang|en|Faculty of Law - Civil Law section}} |éditeur=[[université d'Ottawa]] |consulté le=11-10-2021}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵉ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 76.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;
68ـ محمد سبيال: زمن العولمة: دار توبقال للنشر، الطبعة األولى، الدار البيضاء/ المغرب،5119، 
ص: .22 العدد 22 أكتوبر 2222
 45&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 80, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵔ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵕⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://journal-strategic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-3.pdf دولة القانون والمؤسسات والنظام الديموقراطي,Rule of law, institutions and democratic system
د. سيد المين سيد عمر الشيخ]

[https://journal-strategic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-3.pdf D. Sid LeminOuld Sid Amar Cheikh
أستاذ متعاون بكلية الحقوق ـ جامعة نواكشوط العصرية، موريتانيا
وبالمدرسة الوطنية لإلدارة والصحافة والقضاء، أكتوبر 2022.]&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ  ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. &lt;ref&gt; أحمد فتحي سرور: الحماية الدستورية للحقوق والحريات، دار الشروق، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، 
،5111 ص:20 &lt;/ref&gt;
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]]</text>
      <sha1>86xi7ulxs6pq9tlvsfnv2lspdd6rs8m</sha1>
    </revision>
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        <username>ABDELATIF ANADJAR</username>
        <id>14</id>
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      <text bytes="6299" sha1="lv0mpuxp221mownokv9snjnk1vbg6s8" xml:space="preserve">'''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⴰ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]] ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵥⵍⵉⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ&lt;ref&gt;[https://imassn.com/dictionnaire/mot/azrak-1012 ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ &quot;ⴰⵣⵔⴰⴽ&quot; ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ].&lt;/ref&gt; ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⴱⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ '''ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴼ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ|ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ]] [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉ]] ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ; ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ « Estado social de derecho »; ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 11 ⵛⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2001 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (OEA), ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.&lt;ref&gt;{{lien web |titre=L’État de droit en Amérique latine et au Canada |url=https://droitcivil.uottawa.ca/fr/letat-droit-amerique-latine-au-canada |site={{lang|en|Faculty of Law - Civil Law section}} |éditeur=[[université d'Ottawa]] |consulté le=11-10-2021}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵉ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 76.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
68ـ محمد سبيال: زمن العولمة: دار توبقال للنشر، الطبعة األولى، الدار البيضاء/ المغرب،5119، 
ص: .22 العدد 22 أكتوبر 2222
 45&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 80, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵔ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵕⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://journal-strategic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-3.pdf دولة القانون والمؤسسات والنظام الديموقراطي,Rule of law, institutions and democratic system
د. سيد المين سيد عمر الشيخ]

[https://journal-strategic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-3.pdf D. Sid LeminOuld Sid Amar Cheikh
أستاذ متعاون بكلية الحقوق ـ جامعة نواكشوط العصرية، موريتانيا
وبالمدرسة الوطنية لإلدارة والصحافة والقضاء، أكتوبر 2022.]&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ  ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. &lt;ref&gt; أحمد فتحي سرور: الحماية الدستورية للحقوق والحريات، دار الشروق، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، 
،5111 ص:20 &lt;/ref&gt;
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]]</text>
      <sha1>lv0mpuxp221mownokv9snjnk1vbg6s8</sha1>
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        <username>ABDELATIF ANADJAR</username>
        <id>14</id>
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      <text bytes="6124" sha1="05pgsznw3f0ywo2aad9v0c628k87j5r" xml:space="preserve">'''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⴰ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]] ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵥⵍⵉⵢ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ&lt;ref&gt;[https://imassn.com/dictionnaire/mot/azrak-1012 ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ &quot;ⴰⵣⵔⴰⴽ&quot; ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ].&lt;/ref&gt; ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⴱⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ '''ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴼ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ|ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ]] [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉ]] ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ; ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ « Estado social de derecho »; ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 11 ⵛⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2001 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (OEA), ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.&lt;ref&gt;{{lien web |titre=L’État de droit en Amérique latine et au Canada |url=https://droitcivil.uottawa.ca/fr/letat-droit-amerique-latine-au-canada |site={{lang|en|Faculty of Law - Civil Law section}} |éditeur=[[université d'Ottawa]] |consulté le=11-10-2021}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⴰⵎ: ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵖⵉ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 76.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
68ـ محمد سبيال: زمن العولمة: دار توبقال للنشر، الطبعة األولى، الدار البيضاء/ المغرب،5119، 
ص: .22 العدد 22 أكتوبر 2222
 45&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 80, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ '''ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ''' ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ. ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵔ, ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵕⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://journal-strategic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-3.pdf] دولة القانون والمؤسسات والنظام الديموقراطي,Rule of law, institutions and democratic system
د. سيد المين سيد عمر الشيخ]
 D. Sid LeminOuld Sid Amar Cheikh
أستاذ متعاون بكلية الحقوق ـ جامعة نواكشوط العصرية، موريتانيا
وبالمدرسة الوطنية لإلدارة والصحافة والقضاء، أكتوبر 2022.]&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⴰ  ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. &lt;ref&gt; أحمد فتحي سرور: الحماية الدستورية للحقوق والحريات، دار الشروق، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، 
،5111 ص:20 &lt;/ref&gt;
==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
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[[ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⴰⵣⵔⴼ]]</text>
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        <id>4047</id>
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      <comment>Amnnagh-Nuzilal ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ]]: Misspelled title</comment>
      <origin>177643</origin>
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      <text bytes="52" sha1="274zl16tpdju2z17hclrne3zu3gapxk" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ]]</text>
      <sha1>274zl16tpdju2z17hclrne3zu3gapxk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>52823</id>
    <redirect title="ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ" />
    <revision>
      <id>177645</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T12:51:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Amnnagh-Nuzilal</username>
        <id>4047</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Amnnagh-Nuzilal ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵅⴰⵡⵏ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ]]: Misspelled title</comment>
      <origin>177645</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74" sha1="5v56od2f1u300omgjfyoc6ay8urbwdl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ]]</text>
      <sha1>5v56od2f1u300omgjfyoc6ay8urbwdl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ (ⴱⵉⵏ ⵍⵡⵉⴷⴰⵏ)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52824</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177649</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T13:15:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Amnnagh-Nuzilal</username>
        <id>4047</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1093224167|Bin El Ouidane]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>177649</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="796" sha1="r9a6dqy8qv34ydhwdtodu6i6vn5e98o" xml:space="preserve">

'''ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ,''' ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ '''ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: بين الويدان ⴱⵉⵏ ⵍⵡⵉⴷⴰⵏ), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ-ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ, ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ]]. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵕⴹ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⴱⴰⴽⵓⵕ]] ⴰⵔ [[ⵡⴰⵡⵉⵣⵖⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ]].</text>
      <sha1>r9a6dqy8qv34ydhwdtodu6i6vn5e98o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>177650</id>
      <parentid>177649</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T13:17:29Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Amnnagh-Nuzilal</username>
        <id>4047</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>177650</origin>
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'''ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ,''' ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ '''ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: بين الويدان ⴱⵉⵏ ⵍⵡⵉⴷⴰⵏ), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ|ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ]], ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ-ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ, ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ]]. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵕⴹ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⴱⴰⴽⵓⵕ]] ⴰⵔ [[ⵡⴰⵡⵉⵣⵖⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ]].

== ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ==
ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ '''ⴱⵉⵏ ⵍⵡⵉⴷⴰⵏ''', ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ “ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⵜ”. ⴷⵖⵉ, ⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⴱⵉⵏ ⵍⵡⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵏⵚⴰⵍ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵏⵚⴰⵍ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵅⵎⴰⵏⵏ]].

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
      <sha1>q7cf2w424f3wamrbaul7lesojtkrq5d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52825</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177654</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T19:01:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ABDELATIF ANADJAR</username>
        <id>14</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ''' ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]], ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴰⵙⴼⵉ.  ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ [[ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ]] ⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⴰⵟ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵙ...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>177654</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2319" sha1="jxa04xajg2we2a8fuz5oh1y5tf97egw" xml:space="preserve">'''ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ''' ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]], ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴰⵙⴼⵉ.

ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ [[ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ]] ⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙⴼⴰⵟ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ OCP (Office Chérifien des Phosphates). ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ, ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵍⴼⵓⵚⴼⴰⵟ.
== ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵎⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵎⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ
! ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ !! ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ !! ⴰⵏⴰⵡ !! ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ !! ⴰⵣⵎⵣ !! ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵍⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ
|-
| 1 || ⵍⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⴰ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ || 65,669 || 2024 || 0 ⴽⵎ (ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ)
|-
| 2 || ⵛⵛⵎⴰⵄⵉⵢⴰ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ || 26,547 || 2024 || ~22 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 3 || ⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵄⴰⵢⵏ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || 19,089 || 2024 || ~26 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 4 || ⵙⵙⴱⵄⴰⵜ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || 19,345 || 2014 || ~6 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 5 || ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵛⵉⴽⵔ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || 18,709 || 2004 || ~49 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 6 || ⵍⵅⵡⴰⵍⵇⴰ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || 16,375 || 2014 || ~28 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 7 || ⵍⴽⵓⵏⵜⵓⵔ (ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴰⵃⵎⴷ) || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼ || — || ~8 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 8 || ⵉⵖⵓⴷ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || ⵓⵔ ⵢⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼ || — || ~55 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 9 || ⵊⵏⴰⵏ ⴱⵓⵢⵀ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼ || — || ~36 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 10 || ⵟⵟⵢⴰⵎⵉⵎ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼ || — || ~18 ⴽⵎ
|-
| 11 || ⵡⵊⴷⵓⵔ || ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ || ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼ || — || ~28 ⴽⵎ
|}

'''ⴰⵎⴰⵟⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ (2024):''' 246,148 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ, ⴳ 2,919 ⴽⵎ².</text>
      <sha1>jxa04xajg2we2a8fuz5oh1y5tf97egw</sha1>
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