維基大典 zh_classicalwiki https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B8:%E5%8D%B7%E9%A6%96 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter 媒體 特殊 討論 用戶 用戶討論 維基大典 維基大典討論 檔案 檔案討論 MediaWiki MediaWiki討論 模板 模板討論 說明 說明討論 分類 分類討論 稿 酌稿 TimedText TimedText talk 模組 模組討論 Event Event talk 維基大典:會館 4 262 441423 441404 2026-05-27T17:15:07Z MediaWiki message delivery 36373 /* 請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票 */ 新節 441423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/策首}} {{Easy Archive| to=維基大典:會館/存檔/乙巳年}} == 大典新徽 == [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v5-lzh-yanzhenqing.svg|thumb|丙午新徽(颜真卿)]] [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v5-zh-classical.svg|thumb|丙午新徽]] [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v4-zh-classical.svg|thumb|庚子徽]] 受前面的提案启发,采用赵孟頫的行书千字文制作“文辞雅正 学问渊深”四字,不知诸位以为如何? —[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年三月一〇日 (二) 〇三時〇六分 (UTC) *按:困于清晰度和个人技术原因,飞白未能像上面的隶书“维基大典”一样体现,并且边缘锯齿为人工消除,过渡可能略微不自然。--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年三月一〇日 (二) 〇三時〇八分 (UTC) *再按:可以复制[[用戶:WAN233/common.css]]至个人的css页面查看效果--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年三月一〇日 (二) 〇四時〇五分 (UTC) *今以颜体重制徽标--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年三月二四日 (二) 〇六時四三分 (UTC) *今适当提高雅字--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月三日 (五) 〇五時三二分 (UTC) *:視之正矣。有勞 —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月三日 (五) 〇六時四六分 (UTC) 予以為丙午新徽(颜真卿){{可也}}。I think this file, [[:File:Wikipedia-logo-v5-lzh-yanzhenqing.svg|丙午新徽(颜真卿)]], made by WAN233 is suitable as the new logo of this website. —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月一九日 (日) 一一時〇九分 (UTC) ---- [[phab:T424128]]--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月二二日 (三) 〇六時一一分 (UTC) == 評選期限 == {{存檔至|維基大典討論:評選卓著正典}} 據[[維基大典:評選卓著正典]],評選正典,以十五日為限,然大典文士甚稀,若[[吳廷瑈]]一文,[https://w.wiki/KiUT 十五日既至,獨僕一人與議]。吾以期限既至,[[討論:吳廷瑈#評選正典討議錄|遂告落選]]。或以眾議未決,不可遽稱落選。 實則十五日為限,失之過短,大典諸士,未得與議。吾意效法新知,一月為期,如是則眾議並馳,不亦善乎?略陳淺見,以聽公論。[[用戶:一室幽蘭|一室幽蘭]]([[用戶討論:一室幽蘭|議]]) 二〇二六年四月三日 (五) 〇六時四六分 (UTC) :足下留心法度,勤於修故,僕深嘉敬。 :考評議以十五日為期者,乃九載前之舊制也。方彼之時,視更前之九載,同道已見寥落,纂輯、監修而不輟者,不及曩時之九一;然以十五日為斷,猶足博採群言,適得其平。孰料九年以降,迄於今日,文士益尟,復減至前時之九一。若仍泥於舊限,蓋患乎促迫矣。 :僕意亦以為,宜少寬其限,俾得廣求讜論。主其事者亦可藉此刊誤補闕,切磋琢磨,相與俱進。《詩》不云乎:「善戲謔兮,不為虐兮。」二三子月旦文章,指摘微瑕,本欲成人之美,豈有意尋釁以陵轢同輩哉?苟展緩期程,則主筆與眾同志皆得從容納言,潤色文辭,使臻於至善。 :然期程不可盡廢,久懸不決,亦非所宜。且評定見黜者,原無懲戒之意,異日繕寫既成,隨時可復申前議。公前倡言以一月為期,蓋為一擇(果然,僕謂宜明言「三旬」,以定確數)。至於此制當改與否,延限幾何,尚祈廣開言路,咸使與聞,共求合乎時宜之令甲焉。 —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月三日 (五) 一三時二二分 (UTC) ::聞尊意亦望延期,僕甚喜之。延期一事,公諸會館,已逾半月,至今未見異議。大典文士寥落,欲必得眾議而後行,似空中樓閣,未切實際。吾意七日以後,仍無異議,則徑行此制,期定三旬。此非定制,彼時如有他見,商酌未晚。君以為若何?[[用戶:一室幽蘭|一室幽蘭]]([[用戶討論:一室幽蘭|議]]) 二〇二六年四月二〇日 (一) 一三時〇一分 (UTC) :: 期以一月,众议若定则决之;若犹未决,展限一月,至多以三月为期。--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 〇二時五二分 (UTC) :::集議以六十日為限,期滿則止,留待再舉。 [[用戶:Shunshen Lee|觀月]]([[用戶討論:Shunshen Lee|議]]) 二〇二六年四月二七日 (一) 一四時二六分 (UTC) : 私以一月為善,展期兩次為限,意同WAN233君。—— '''[[用戶:Ericliu1912|Eric Liu]]'''<sub>('''[[用戶討論:Ericliu1912|留言]].[[:w:zh:User:Ericliu1912|通語用戶頁]]''')</sub> 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 一三時三六分 (UTC) ::善哉。 —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月二五日 (六) 〇五時一五分 (UTC) {{答|Ericliu1912|WAN233}} *二君之見,吾甚善之。評選卓著正典,先以一月為期,有定論則決之。若讚駁交錯,眾議紛紜,方是時也,一月之期至,遽止議論,誠非宜也。相機而展期,理所當然。 *然則當明其期。蓋西曆一月,二十八日、二十九日、三十日、三十一日,皆有之也。若定一月,恐滋歧義。故吾同乎[[用戶:Davidzdh|关山君]]之見,明其'''三十日'''為善。[[用戶:一室幽蘭|一室幽蘭]]([[用戶討論:一室幽蘭|議]]) 二〇二六年四月二七日 (一) 〇八時一〇分 (UTC) ** 可,三十日为一期--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月二九日 (三) 〇五時〇七分 (UTC) == 設世事之名集議 == 總會近有定議,將廢維基新聞。自來月,諸語網驛獨立者,皆從緘封,不復更易;其草創於孵育場者,亦將盡行芟夷。 念吾儕昔年欲建文言之世事,雖見沮於有司,幸託跡大典,賴眾人鞠育,經營至今。前日與中文新聞有秩言,猶冀自立門戶。然時移事異,總會既絕斯道,自立之望遂寢。今唯有深耕大典,方為萬全之策。 近有同人見教云:大典篇什日繁,新聞之事,與其散漫無統,不若專設「世事」(或「維基世事」)名集{{按|暨命名空間}},以妥藏之。余深以為然,考其利有三: # 別立名集,可盡收既往之正文、凡例、類目,免其淪佚; # 沿革之跡與同人之名得以具存,不負眾人鉛槧之勞; # 自今而後,新聞與正條各安其所,披閱既易,條理亦明。 夫託跡大典,築基固本,初衷未改。今設名集之議,旨在網羅散失,垂範來者。未知諸君以為何如? —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月一九日 (日) 一二時二〇分 (UTC) *{{可也}},可效[[維基大典:維基爾雅|維基爾雅]]設之--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月一九日 (日) 一二時二四分 (UTC) *:善。擬取世事二字,以求簡便。 —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月一九日 (日) 一九時一五分 (UTC) * 另,世事名集,亦可效爾雅,设色以别。余以为可择黄粉紫其一。--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 〇二時一五分 (UTC) *:蓋維基世事以天藍為幟——適與足下署名之色同。然共筆臺中,文內連結亦皆尚藍,特深淺之別耳。兩相糅雜,是以未知安取。 —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月二五日 (六) 〇五時三三分 (UTC) * 可也,善矣。古云「國可滅,史不可滅」;今新聞雖泯,其卷自不當佚。—— '''[[用戶:Ericliu1912|Eric Liu]]'''<sub>('''[[用戶討論:Ericliu1912|留言]].[[:w:zh:User:Ericliu1912|通語用戶頁]]''')</sub> 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 一三時三八分 (UTC) ---- [[phab:T425849]]--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年五月九日 (六) 〇四時五四分 (UTC) * 英文new同$wgUrlProtocols冲突,拟直取汉字--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年五月二七日 (三) 〇二時五三分 (UTC) == 設爾雅之名集議 == 曩者,有司以文言屬古典語文,遂拒「維基爾雅」自立之請,致使訓詁、音義之學,無所歸附。 查爾雅之教,所以明物類、辨字訓也,不可一日廢。既有司弗許獨立,而寄跡大典,則不若專設「爾雅」(或「維基爾雅」)名集。凡字書、辭彙、異名、方言之屬,悉匯存於其間。 如此,則小學之功有依,檢校之勞易集,且無爭於總會之規,而文言雅學得以完存。不知諸君意下如何? —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月一九日 (日) 一二時三三分 (UTC) :{{可也}},当另立名集--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月一九日 (日) 一二時三六分 (UTC) ::擬取「爾雅」二字,以求簡便 —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月一九日 (日) 一九時一五分 (UTC) ::借問 @[[用戶:WAN233|WAN233]] 君:如一遷爾雅諸條,則原爾雅之綠字樣式,亦當隨焉。改諸CSS之設定乎? —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 〇〇時三二分 (UTC) ::: 可,见[[MediaWiki:Common.js]]--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 〇二時〇七分 (UTC) : 可也。然與通語爾雅分野為何?乃應商酌。—— '''[[用戶:Ericliu1912|Eric Liu]]'''<sub>('''[[用戶討論:Ericliu1912|留言]].[[:w:zh:User:Ericliu1912|通語用戶頁]]''')</sub> 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 一三時三八分 (UTC) :: 夫通语尔雅,释当世之语,修今语者,不必谙古音韵。而文言一途,非今人之常言,词章自成系统,释义之法,与今大异。若合于一处,则古今杂糅,名实相乱。--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月三〇日 (四) 〇二時〇五分 (UTC) === 遣僕 === 若增設「爾雅」名集,特請遣僕[[User:WAN233-bot|WAN233-bot]]移[[:分類:維基爾雅]]諸文。--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月二二日 (三) 〇六時三六分 (UTC) :{{可也}} —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 〇〇時三一分 (UTC) : 可也。—— '''[[用戶:Ericliu1912|Eric Liu]]'''<sub>('''[[用戶討論:Ericliu1912|留言]].[[:w:zh:User:Ericliu1912|通語用戶頁]]''')</sub> 二〇二六年四月二四日 (五) 一三時三九分 (UTC) === 英文名 === 名集者,当有英文名,Wiktionary?Dictionary?--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年四月二九日 (三) 〇五時一一分 (UTC) :Wiktionary,則與越境{{按|跨維基}}之繫聯相衝突。蓋即dictionary與。 —[[用戶:Davidzdh|<font color="#008B8B">关山</font>]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二六年四月二九日 (三) 〇八時一二分 (UTC) :因英文news同$wgUrlProtocols冲突,尔雅亦直取汉字,文言维基设置英文空间名需求不大--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年五月二七日 (三) 〇二時五五分 (UTC) ---- [[phab:T425849]]--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年五月九日 (六) 〇四時五四分 (UTC) == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[用戶:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]([[用戶討論:MediaWiki message delivery|議]]) 二〇二六年四月二六日 (日) 〇〇時五八分 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- 訊息由 User:Codename Noreste@metawiki 傳送,使用的清單為 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == 台灣分會2026年4月對話時間 == <div style="padding: 1.2rem 1rem; background: #f8f5ff; border: 1px solid #b29bd7; margin:1em 0; font-size: 1.08em; display: flex; align-items: center;"> <div style="flex: 1;"> <div style="font-size:x-large; padding-bottom:5px;">'''社群疑難雜症找協會!'''</div> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan|台灣維基媒體協會]]2026年4月的[[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikimedia Taiwan Office Time|對話時間]],訂於台灣時間'''4/30 (四) 19:00'''舉行,<br> 參與連結為 https://meet.google.com/qiv-ctih-sse 。<br> 協會到底在做什麼?如果你覺得協會存在感超低,有事都找不到人,把握這次的對話機會!這是一個定期舉辦的服務時段,由協會秘書長親自主持,有問題馬上解決。協會會分享目前進行中的專案與計劃,也邀請社群朋友分享想法、反映需求,彼此開講、一起討論。<br> 本月討論主題將討論維基社群AI政策,這是將是讓你深入了解協會運作並參與交流的絕佳機會!快來一起參加! --[[用戶:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]([[用戶討論:MediaWiki message delivery|議]]) 二〇二六年四月二七日 (一) 二二時五二分 (UTC) </div> <div style="margin-left: 1rem;"> [[File:Wikimedia Taiwan.svg|160px|alt=|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan]] </div> </div> <!-- 訊息由 User:NHC@metawiki 傳送,使用的清單為 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Taiwan/Wikimedia_Taiwan_Office_Time/List&oldid=26298276 --> == <span lang="zh" dir="ltr">Parsoid遷移作業</span> == <div lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|閱讀這則公告的其他語言版本]]</em> 大家好!我很高興地通知貴社群,作為[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|解析器統一]]專案的下一步,Parsoid即將啟用成為此維基站點的預設條目渲染器。我們正在逐步增加使用Parsoid的維基站點數量,目的是讓Parsoid成為MediaWiki的下一個長期支援版本的預設wikitext解析器。這將使我們的維基對編輯者、讀者和工具來說更加穩定可靠,同時也使未來的wikitext功能開發更加容易。 如果這項遷移作業會打亂您的工作流程,請不用擔心!您仍然可以透過使用者偏好設定選擇退出;或透過「工具」側邊欄在當前頁面上關閉Parsoid(如[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]]說明文件所述)。 參閱[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|關於我們的推出策略的更多資訊]],包括為新維基站點啟用Parsoid之前所做的測試。 若要回報錯誤和問題,請先參閱我們的[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|已知問題]]說明文件;如果您發現新的錯誤,請在Phabricator中建立工單並標記[[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform團隊]]。 <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 二〇二六年四月二七日 (一) 二三時二八分 (UTC) <!-- 訊息由 User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki 傳送,使用的清單為 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-04-30_Wikipedias&oldid=30466145 --> == 為定自校官選舉則例事 == {{存檔至|維基大典討論:選舉}} 按本站校官[[維基大典:選舉|選舉則例]],有分校官、總校官;然迄未見自校官,雖往昔勉強準用舊慣,仍以頒布新制為宜。今以各校官權限相符,擬明定自校官之舉薦,以一月為期,凡五票同意、得票逾八成,則拜之;不及五票者,亦可授之期權。凡此理同分、總校官,即同有秩。如何之處,請予公決。—— '''[[用戶:Ericliu1912|Eric Liu]]'''<sub>('''[[用戶討論:Ericliu1912|留言]].[[:w:zh:User:Ericliu1912|通語用戶頁]]''')</sub> 二〇二六年五月二日 (六) 二二時四八分 (UTC) :大典已有自校者之名,權同巡查豁免 [[用戶:Shunshen Lee|觀月]]([[用戶討論:Shunshen Lee|議]]) 二〇二六年五月二日 (六) 二三時二三分 (UTC) :分校官,自校者可参照通典,有秩授予,可参考其他用户意见。總校官选举同有秩。--—[[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二六年五月九日 (六) 〇五時〇七分 (UTC) == 台灣分會2026年5對話時間 == <div style="padding: 1.2rem 1rem; background: #f8f5ff; border: 5px solid #FFD700; margin:1em 0; font-size: 1.08em; display: flex; align-items: center;"> <div style="flex: 1;"> <div style="font-size:x-large; padding-bottom:5px;">'''社群疑難雜症找協會!'''</div> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan|台灣維基媒體協會]]2026年5月的[[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikimedia Taiwan Office Time|對話時間]],訂於台灣時間'''5/30 (六) 14:00'''舉行,<br> 參與連結為 https://meet.google.com/qiv-ctih-sse 。<br> 協會到底在做什麼?如果你覺得協會存在感超低,有事都找不到人,把握這次的對話機會!這是一個定期舉辦的服務時段,由協會秘書長親自主持,有問題馬上解決。協會會分享目前進行中的專案與計劃,也邀請社群朋友分享想法、反映需求,彼此開講、一起討論。<br> 本月討論主題將討論'''ESEAP Conference 2026''',這是將是讓你深入了解協會運作並參與交流的絕佳機會!快來一起參加! --[[用戶:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]([[用戶討論:MediaWiki message delivery|議]]) 二〇二六年五月二六日 (二) 一四時〇九分 (UTC) </div> <div style="margin-left: 1rem;"> [[File:Wikimedia Taiwan.svg|160px|alt=|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan]] </div> </div> <!-- 訊息由 User:NHC@metawiki 傳送,使用的清單為 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Taiwan/Wikimedia_Taiwan_Office_Time/List&oldid=26298276 --> == <span lang="zh" dir="ltr">請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票</span> == <div lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> 有請符合資格的選民參與2026年[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|《通用行為準則》協調委員會]] 選舉。更多資訊——包括資格查核、投票流程說明、候選人資訊、以及投票連結——請參閱元維基上的[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026年選舉資訊頁面]]。投票將於2026年6月2日 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]截止。 若您的帳戶符合資格,請務必投票。結果將於2026年6月14日前公布。-- U4C期待與您合作<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 二〇二六年五月二七日 (三) 一七時一五分 (UTC) <!-- 訊息由 User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki 傳送,使用的清單為 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> dchr4gnk9oclwlcl17px009e3a0f61m 模板:公曆三月十一日 10 10243 441474 355512 2026-05-28T10:50:27Z CommonsDelinker 441 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Mikhail_Gorbachev_at_the_first_Summit_in_Geneva,_Switzerland.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Gorbachev_at_The_First_Summit_in_Geneva_Switzerland_-_DPLA_-_b 441474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[公曆三月十一日]]''': [[File:President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev at The First Summit in Geneva Switzerland - DPLA - b534f3d00bb05c3cc293789b180d2116.jpg|right|75px|戈爾巴喬夫會列根]] * [[一九一二年]],《'''[[中華民國臨時約法]]'''》頒。 * [[一九五九年]],[[美國]]參議院許設'''[[夏威夷州]]'''。 * [[一九七四年]],秦始皇'''[[兵馬俑]]'''重見天日。 * [[一九八五年]],'''[[戈爾巴喬夫]]'''''<small>(圖)</small>''就任蘇共中央總書記。 * [[二〇〇四年]],[[西班牙]]'''[[馬德里三一一爆炸案]]'''生。 <div align="right">'''[[節日]] | [[陳年今誌]]'''</div> <noinclude>{{sprotected2}}[[Category:陳年今誌模板|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> ip08if89371n3puqceciy95oosczx8s 河南省 0 10452 441438 424115 2026-05-28T01:50:46Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{釋義二|subject=[[中華人民共和國]]一省也|other=他地|河南 (釋義)}} {{地方 |地方 = 河南省 |地方原文 = 河南省 |地圖 = China Henan.svg |歸屬 = [[中華人民共和國]] |屬地 = 領十七市、直轄一縣級市;縣級地方一百五十九;鄕級地方二千四百五十五 |治所 = [[鄭州市]] |執事 = 省委書記謝伏瞻;省長陳潤兒(前黑龍江省委副書記) |用語 = 中原官話 |人口 = 九千四百〇二萬(二〇一〇年) |建置 = [[明]]置河南八府一州,清襲之,不置總督,一九五四年,遷省治於鄭州市 }} '''河南省'''({{Audio|zh-Henan.ogg|普通話聲聞}}),[[黃河]]之南也,[[中華人民共和國]]一省,亦稱'''中原'''、'''中國'''、'''[[豫州]]'''、'''中州'''。簡稱'''豫''',省府[[鄭州市|鄭州]],口越億,居中國第二。[[安陽市|安陽]]、[[洛陽市|洛陽]]、[[開封市|開封]]諸古都望郡,咸在其境。河南古多兵戈荒禍,然乃中華文化之所源。豫地屬[[漢族|漢]],間有[[回民]]。 == 地 == 省北[[河水]]之下,省南[[淮水]]之域,全省幾爲平野,糧產重地也。豫省鄰[[河北省|冀]]、[[山東省|魯]]、[[安徽省|皖]]、[[山西省|晉]]、[[陝西省|秦]]、[[湖北省|鄂]]。 === 山 === * [[嵩山]]:中嶽,有[[少林寺]] * [[伏牛山]]:[[南陽市|宛]]西[[秦嶺]]之餘脈,綿延八百餘里,國中山水特色之精粹,世界地質公園是也。 * 雲臺山:在[[焦作市|焦作]],世界地質公園是也。 * 雞公山:[[信陽市信陽]]南,[[桐柏山]]之主峰,豫南之秀景。 * 眉黛山:[[洛陽市|洛陽]]世界地質公園是也。 * 王屋山:愚公所移之山,太行之餘脈,豫北之名山。 === 河 === * [[黃河]]:河南之象徵也,斯水東流之,孕五千年華夏文明。中原故都[[洛陽市|洛陽]]、[[開封市|開封]]、[[鄭州市|鄭州]]、[[安陽市|商殷]]皆為其左右。 * [[淮河]]:源自[[桐柏山]],中國南北之界也。 * [[漢水]]:豫西南[[南陽盆地]]屬之。 * [[海河]]:豫北。發源於華山南麓,在崤山、熊耳山之間廣納百川, * [[洛水]]:洛陽左攜澗水,右帶伊河,東出平原,北入黃河。 * [[伊水]] == 史 == 中國古文明源地之一,先史有[[裴李崗文化]]、[[仰韶文化]]之蹟。 河南九州居中,是爲中原,中國七大古都之三於此:[[殷]]都[[安陽]],[[東周]]都[[洛陽]],宋都[[開封]]。 中嶽[[嵩山]],有[[禪宗]]祖庭[[少林寺]]。[[少林拳]],[[中國武術]]一派,卽傳於此。 == 地方 == 有十七[[地級市]],餘有一[[縣級市]]爲省直轄。 *地級市 **[[鄭州市]] **[[開封市]] **[[洛陽市]] **[[平頂山市]] **[[安陽市]] **[[濮陽市]] **[[新鄉市]] **[[焦作市]] **[[鶴壁市]] **[[許昌市]] **[[漯河市]] **[[三門峽市]] **[[商丘市]] **[[周口市]] **[[駐馬店市]] **[[信陽市]] **[[南陽市]] *省直轄縣級市 **[[濟源市]] == 重要設施 == *小浪底水電站 *三門峽水電站 == 敎育 == *河南工業大學 *河南大學 *鄭州大學 *中原工學院 *河南理工大學 *河南師範大學 *河南農業大學 *河南科技大學 *河南財經政法大學 *河南中醫學院 *信陽師範學院 *鄭州輕工業學院 *商丘師範學院 *張仲景國醫學院 == 世界遺產 == *[[洛陽]][[龍門石窟]] *[[安陽]][[殷墟]] *[[登封「天地之中」歷史建築群]] == 外典 == {{commonscat|Henan}} *[http://www.shangdu.com/ 商都網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231000732/http://www.shangdu.com/ |date=2020-12-31 }} *[http://www.henan.gov.cn/ 河南省府] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209032317/http://www.henan.gov.cn/ |date=2006-02-09 }} *[http://www.ha.xinhuanet.com/ 新華社河南頻道] {{中華人民共和國地方}} [[分類:中華人民共和國諸省]] qstc9x0otr8yuvz8nrjy92odgnr2t55 河南 (釋義) 0 70845 441440 339142 2026-05-28T01:52:20Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{釋義|cat=地方釋義}} *[[中華]]一省也,見[[河南省]]。 *[[越南]]一省也。見[[越南河南省]]。 *中華[[漢]]時郡也,見[[河南郡]];[[唐]]時改府,見[[河南府]]。 *[[大韓民國|韓國]][[京畿道]]一市也。見[[河南市]]。 *中華[[中華民國|民國]]時[[中華民國新疆省|新疆省]]設治局也,見[[河南設治局]];西元[[一九三九年]]改縣,見[[新疆河南縣]]。 *[[中華人民共和國|中華]][[青海省]]一縣也。見[[河南蒙古族自治縣]]。 *中華[[漢]]時縣也。見[[漢河南縣]]。 *中華[[南朝宋]]時縣也。見[[南朝宋河南縣]]。 *廣州在珠江南者也。見[[廣州河南]]。 *[[吐谷渾]]國也。 *漢[[匈奴]]戰時,[[河套]]在[[黃河|河]]南者之謂也,在今[[鄂爾多斯]]。 114qu30bvcj7iujas6c7kg3q4xr83lo 441441 441440 2026-05-28T01:53:01Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 逆襲のあまのじゃく遷頁[[河南]]至[[河南 (釋義)]] 441440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{釋義|cat=地方釋義}} *[[中華]]一省也,見[[河南省]]。 *[[越南]]一省也。見[[越南河南省]]。 *中華[[漢]]時郡也,見[[河南郡]];[[唐]]時改府,見[[河南府]]。 *[[大韓民國|韓國]][[京畿道]]一市也。見[[河南市]]。 *中華[[中華民國|民國]]時[[中華民國新疆省|新疆省]]設治局也,見[[河南設治局]];西元[[一九三九年]]改縣,見[[新疆河南縣]]。 *[[中華人民共和國|中華]][[青海省]]一縣也。見[[河南蒙古族自治縣]]。 *中華[[漢]]時縣也。見[[漢河南縣]]。 *中華[[南朝宋]]時縣也。見[[南朝宋河南縣]]。 *廣州在珠江南者也。見[[廣州河南]]。 *[[吐谷渾]]國也。 *漢[[匈奴]]戰時,[[河套]]在[[黃河|河]]南者之謂也,在今[[鄂爾多斯]]。 114qu30bvcj7iujas6c7kg3q4xr83lo 雲南省 0 72308 441430 406837 2026-05-28T01:32:49Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|日本名曰「雲南」之地|雲南市}} {{地方 |地方 = 雲南省 |地方原文 = 云南省 |旗號 = |徽號 = |地圖 = China Yunnan.svg |歸屬 = [[中華人民共和國]] |所屬 = |屬地 = 領八市、八州 |治所 = [[昆明市]] |執事 = [[省委書記]]秦光榮 |用語 = [[西南官話]] |人口 = 四千六百萬 |建置 = [[明]]為[[雲南承宣佈政使司]],及今略無更變 |省置 = }} '''雲南省''',簡書曰'''滇'''、'''雲'''。[[中華人民共和國]]一省也。[[漢武帝]]時,彩雲見南中,遂得此名。省會[[昆明市]]。 == 沿革 == 古南中諸蠻雜居,靡莫之属。不與中國通。[[楚頃襄王]]遣[[莊蹻]]南征,入滇池,克定南中。以秦絕其歸道,乃自立為滇王。秦[[呂不韋]]死,其族徙於南中。漢武帝元封二年,置益州郡,郡治滇池。復有[[牂牁郡|牂牁]]、[[犍為郡|犍為]]、[[越嶲郡|越嶲]]三郡。漢明帝永平十一年,割益州西境不韋縣、哀牢夷等置[[永昌郡]]。三國鼎立,蜀漢置庲降都督,南中建寧、雲南、永昌、興古、朱提五郡屬之。晉興,置寧州刺史領其政。唐玄宗開元二十六年,[[皮羅閣]]一統六詔,定都太和,是為[[南詔國]]。後晋天福二年,[[段思平]]代南詔而自立,是為[[大理國]]。宋理宗寶祐元年,蒙古忽必烈汗南征,滅大理國,置[[雲南行中書省]]。明興,元梁王據雲南抗禮,滅之,置[[雲南承宣佈政使司]]。永樂十一年,析置[[貴州承宣佈政使司]]。明永厲中,[[明昭宗|昭宗]]亡入滇,旋為清所滅。清[[一九一一年|宣統三年]],蔡鍔等於重陽日起義,雲南光復。共和國立,仍為雲南省。遂成今制。 == 政區 == === 地級市 === *[[昆明市]] *[[曲靖市]] *[[玉溪市]] *[[保山市]] *[[昭通市]] *[[麗江市]] *[[普洱市]] *[[臨滄市]] === 自治州 === *[[德宏傣族景頗族自治州]] *[[怒江傈僳族自治州]] *[[迪慶藏族自治州]] *[[大理白族自治州]] *[[楚雄彝族自治州]] *[[紅河哈尼族彝族自治州]] *[[文山壯族苗族自治州]] *[[西雙版納傣族自治州]] == 它典 == * [http://www.yn.gov.cn 雲南省政府] {{雲南省地方}} {{中華人民共和國地方}} [[分類:中華人民共和國諸省]] fc5d0bicvp0h9d5fq739pxnx3ukoto0 雲南 0 72309 441429 367104 2026-05-28T01:31:24Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 渡至[[雲南省]] 441429 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[雲南省]] iyin5mbltlqewxo4zmzd0jwbvv3o85j 模板:中華人民共和國地方 10 72510 441432 384090 2026-05-28T01:43:19Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 易爲Navbox 441432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = 中華人民共和國地方 |title = [[中華人民共和國]]地方 |above = |image = [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px|中華人民共和國國旗]] |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = [[直轄市]] |list1 = * [[北京市]] * [[天津市]] * [[上海市]] * [[重慶市]] |group2=[[省]] |list2 = * [[黑龍江省]] * [[吉林省]] * [[遼寧省]] * [[山東省]] * [[河北省]] * [[山西省]] * [[陝西省]] * [[甘肅省]] * [[青海省]] * [[江蘇省]] * [[安徽省]] * [[河南省]] * [[湖北省]] * [[浙江省]] * [[江西省]] * [[湖南省]] * [[四川省]] * [[福建省]] * [[廣東省]] * [[貴州省]] * [[雲南省]] * [[海南省]] * ''[[中華人民共和國臺灣省|臺灣省]]''<sup>註一</sup> |group3=[[自治區]] |list3 = * [[新疆維吾爾自治區]] * [[內蒙古自治區]] * [[寧夏回族自治區]] * [[西藏自治區]] * [[廣西壯族自治區]] |group4=[[特別行政區]] |list4 = * [[香港|香港特別行政區]] * [[澳門|澳門特別行政區]] |below=註一:兼攷[[臺海懸案]]。<br>[[:Template:亞洲|亞洲]] {{!w}} [[:Template:中華民國地方|中華民國地方]] {{!w}} [[臺海懸案]] }}<noinclude> [[分類:中華人民共和國地方|*]] </noinclude> 4ika5nznna49qxdgpjm48ry41uh40fn 441433 441432 2026-05-28T01:43:47Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = 中華人民共和國地方 |title = [[中華人民共和國]]地方 |above = |image = [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|80px|中華人民共和國國旗]] |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = [[直轄市]] |list1 = * [[北京市]] * [[天津市]] * [[上海市]] * [[重慶市]] |group2=[[省]] |list2 = * [[黑龍江省]] * [[吉林省]] * [[遼寧省]] * [[山東省]] * [[河北省]] * [[山西省]] * [[陝西省]] * [[甘肅省]] * [[青海省]] * [[江蘇省]] * [[安徽省]] * [[河南省]] * [[湖北省]] * [[浙江省]] * [[江西省]] * [[湖南省]] * [[四川省]] * [[福建省]] * [[廣東省]] * [[貴州省]] * [[雲南省]] * [[海南省]] * ''[[中華人民共和國臺灣省|臺灣省]]''<sup>註一</sup> |group3=[[自治區]] |list3 = * [[新疆維吾爾自治區]] * [[內蒙古自治區]] * [[寧夏回族自治區]] * [[西藏自治區]] * [[廣西壯族自治區]] |group4=[[特別行政區]] |list4 = * [[香港|香港特別行政區]] * [[澳門|澳門特別行政區]] |below=註一:兼攷[[臺海懸案]]。<br>[[:Template:亞洲|亞洲]] {{!w}} [[:Template:中華民國地方|中華民國地方]] {{!w}} [[臺海懸案]] }}<noinclude> [[分類:中華人民共和國地方|*]] </noinclude> ebl300bke2kzfg4oi2zl4dl64kpek4k 模板:中華民國地方 10 76784 441434 377537 2026-05-28T01:46:19Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 易爲Navbox 441434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = 中華民國地方 |title = [[中華民國]]地方 |above = |image = [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|80px|中華民國國旗]] |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = [[直轄市]] |list1 = * [[臺北市]] * [[新北市]] * [[桃園市]] * [[臺中市]] * [[臺南市]] * [[高雄市]] |group2=[[省]] |list2 = * [[臺灣省]] * [[中華民國福建|福建省]] |below=註:此乃實統疆域也。兼攷[[臺海懸案]]。<br>[[:Template:亞洲|亞洲]] {{!w}} [[:Template:中華人民共和國地方|中華人民共和國地方]] {{!w}} [[臺海懸案]] }}<noinclude> [[分類:中華民國地方| ]] </noinclude> bv4qso7z8pd53gb0kyt1asalt4mcofk 441435 441434 2026-05-28T01:46:47Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 [IPE-NEXT] Quick edit 441435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = 中華民國地方 |title = [[中華民國]]地方 |above = |image = [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|80px|中華民國國旗]] |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = [[直轄市]] |list1 = * [[臺北市]] * [[新北市]] * [[桃園市]] * [[臺中市]] * [[臺南市]] * [[高雄市]] |group2=[[省]] |list2 = * [[臺灣省]] * [[中華民國福建省|福建省]] |below=註:此乃實統疆域也。兼攷[[臺海懸案]]。<br>[[:Template:亞洲|亞洲]] {{!w}} [[:Template:中華人民共和國地方|中華人民共和國地方]] {{!w}} [[臺海懸案]] }}<noinclude> [[分類:中華民國地方| ]] </noinclude> 1umnkbx8j4u6p24ebwmlchqvgonori3 雲南市 0 78848 441431 372327 2026-05-28T01:33:05Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|中國名曰「雲南」之地|雲南省}} {{地方 |地方 = 雲南市 |旗號 = Flag of Unnan, Shimane.svg |徽號 = Emblem of Unnan, Shimane.svg |地圖 = Unnan in Shimane Prefecture Ja.svg |歸屬 = [[日本]] |所屬 = [[島根縣]] |屬地 = |治所 = |執事 = 石飛厚志 |用語 = [[日本語]] |人口 = 三萬餘 |建置 = [[二〇〇四年|平成十六年]]十一月一日 |省置 = }} '''雲南市'''處[[日本]][[島根縣]]。 == 沿革 == [[二〇〇四年|平成十六年]]十一月一日,大原郡:大東町、加茂町、木次町、飯石郡:三刀屋町、掛合町、吉田村合,而爲雲南市。而大原郡廢。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uub.jp/upd/u/u459.html |title=島根縣雲南市の詳細情報 |date= |accessdate=2020-04-27}}</ref> == 地理 == 東臨[[安來市]],南至仁多郡奧出雲町、[[岡山縣]][[庄原市]],西伴飯石郡飯南町,北接[[出雲市]]、[[松江市]]。 ==據== {{reflist}} == 他典 == * [http://www.city.unnan.shimane.jp/unnan/ 雲南市役所] [[分類:中國地方區劃‎]] {{stub}} fkn0wie2tsejuukym9sl8vrabwak4dt 模組:議論 828 82555 441444 289713 2026-05-28T01:56:24Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 取自通語維基[[:zh:Module:Talkpage]] 441444 Scribunto text/plain local f = {} f.DATEPATTERN = '([〇一二三四五六七八九]-)年([〇一二三四五六七八九十]-)月([〇一二三四五六七八九十]-)日 ([一二三四五六日]-) ([〇一二三四五六七八九十]-)時([〇一二三四五六七八九十]-)分 %(UTC%)' f.USERPREFIX = { 'user:', '用戶:', '用户:', '使用者:', 'u:', 'U:', 'user talk:', 'user_talk:', '用戶討論:', '用户讨论:', '使用者討論:', 'ut:','UT:','Ut:', 'special:功績/', 'special:contributions/', '特殊:功績/', '特殊:contributions/', 'special:contributions/', '特殊:contributions/', 'special:contribs/', '特殊:contribs/' } f.MINDATE = '〇〇〇〇年一月一日 (四) 〇〇時〇〇分 (UTC)' f.MAXDATE = '九九九九年一二月三一日 (六) 二三時五九分 (UTC)' -- 特殊處理頁面 f.PAGE_LEVEL_MAP = { } --- 反序尋找字符串 local function rfind(s, pattern, init) local x, y local i = init or #s local len = #s x, y = string.find(string.reverse(s), string.reverse(pattern), len-i+1, true) if x then return len-y+1, len-x+1 end end --- 生成用戶名鏈接。默認是指向用戶頁(IP用戶為貢獻頁)的鏈接。 -- @param name 用戶名 -- @param style 自定義樣式,其中$USER會被換成用戶名。 -- @param ipstyle IP用戶的自定義樣式。若未指定則與style相同。 -- @return 維基格式的用戶名鏈接 local function getuserlink(name, style, ipstyle) if name == '?' or name == nil then return '?' elseif string.find(name, '^%d-%.%d-%.%d-%.%d-$') or string.find(name, '^%~%d-%-%d-%-%d-$') then return string.gsub(ipstyle or style or '[[Special:用户贡献/$USER|$USER]]', '$USER', name) else return string.gsub(style or '[[User:$USER|$USER]]', '$USER', name) end end --- 去除掉影響分析的文字,例如「===」、「<pre>」等 -- @param orintext 原始討論串。 -- @return 經過預處理之後的討論串。去掉一些搗亂的內容。 local function preprocess(orintext, titlelevel) local text = orintext or '' text = string.gsub(text, titlelevel .. '=', '---') text = string.gsub(text, '\r', '\n') text = string.gsub(text, '%[%[%s*', '[[') text = string.gsub(text, '%]%]%s*', ']]') text = string.gsub(text, '&#126;', '~') -- 匿名用户 text = string.gsub(text, '<pre>.-</pre>', '') text = string.gsub(text, '<nowiki>.-</nowiki>', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*移動至%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*移動自%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*移动至%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*移动自%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*Talkback%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*Deltalk%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*Nocount%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*Reaction%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*talkback%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*deltalk%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*nocount%s*|.-}}', '') text = string.gsub(text, '{{%s*reaction%s*|.-}}', '') return text end --- 從長長的討論串中找到特定主題。如果未指定主題則將所有主題分割開並存入table中。 -- @param orintext 原始討論串。 -- @param topic 待提取的主題。未指定的話則改為分割所有主題。 -- @param ispattern 表示topic是否為lua的匹配字符串。 -- @return 返回一個鍵為討論標題值為討論內容的table。如果沒有則返回nil。 local function extracttopic(args) local orintext = args.text local topic = args.topic local ispattern = args.ispattern local titlelevel = "" for i=1, tonumber(args.titlelevel or 2) do titlelevel = titlelevel .. "=" end local pageName = args.pageName -- DYKC特殊處理 if pageName == 'Wikipedia:新条目推荐/候选' then orintext = string.gsub(orintext, '({{[ ]*[Dd][Yy][Kk][Ee]ntry[^{}]-|[ ]*article[ ]*=[ ]*([^|}]-)[ ]*([|}]))', function(full, article, suffix) return '<!--DYK_TITLE:' .. string.gsub(article, '_', ' ') .. '-->{{DYKEntry|article='..article..suffix end) end -- 預處理 local text = titlelevel .. '\nx\n' .. preprocess(orintext, titlelevel) .. '\n' .. titlelevel local result = {} local ids = {} local id = 0 local found = nil local topic2 = topic and mw.text.trim(topic) local pattern = '%s*(.-)%s*'..titlelevel..'%s*\n(.-)\n'..titlelevel for title, content in string.gmatch(text, pattern) do local ok = false if topic2 and (not ispattern) and title == topic2 then ok = true elseif topic2 and ispattern and (string.match(title, topic2)) then ok = true elseif not topic2 then ok = true end -- DYKC特殊處理 if pageName == 'Wikipedia:新条目推荐/候选' then ok = false if mw.text.trim(title) == "" then local alt = string.match(content, '<!%-%-DYK_TITLE:(.-)%-%->') if alt then title = alt ok = true end end end if ok then found = true id = id + 1 local temptitle = title local i = 1 temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle,'^[ ]*=[ ]*', '') temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle,'[ ]*=[ ]*$', '') temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle,'\n', '<br>') temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle,'<%s*.->', '') temptitle = mw.text.decode(temptitle) -- 移除链接、模板 temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle, '%[%[[^%]]-|([^%]]-)%]%]', '%1') temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle, '%[%[:?([^%]]-)%]%]', '%1') temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle, '%[[^%s%]]+[ ]+([^%]]-)%]', '%1') temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle, '%[([^%]]-)%]', '%1') temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle, '{', '&#123;') temptitle = string.gsub(temptitle, '}', '&#125;') while result[temptitle] do i = i + 1 temptitle = title .. ' (#' .. i .. ')' end result[temptitle] = content ids[id] = temptitle end end return found and { data = result, ids = ids } end --- 將討論串上的日期轉為一個數字。 -- @param date 討論串格式的日期。 -- @return 將數字直接拼起來。不是時間戳。 local function date2num(date) local y,m,d,h,min = string.gmatch(date, f.DATEPATTERN)() if y and m and d and h and min then return y*100000000+m*1000000+d*10000+h*100+min else return 0 end end --- 比較兩個日期的大小。 -- @param date1 -- @param date2 -- @return 若date1<date2則返回true。 local function comparedate(date1, date2) return date2num(date1) < date2num(date2) end --- 統計討論串中各個簽名的次數和最後發言時間。 -- @param orintext 原始討論串 -- @return function f._count(orintext) -- 預處理 local text = '\n' .. orintext local lowertext = string.lower(text) -- 尋找日期 local result = {} local x, y y = 1 repeat x, y = text.find(text, f.DATEPATTERN, y+1) if not x then break end local date = string.sub(text, x, y) -- 截取當前行以便於尋找用戶名 local t1, t2 = rfind(text, '\n', x) local curtalk = string.sub(lowertext, t1, x-1) -- 尋找用戶名 local name = nil for i, v in ipairs(f.USERPREFIX) do local t3, t4 = rfind(curtalk, '[[' .. v) if t4 then local t5 = (string.find(curtalk, '[/#|%]]', t4+1)) if t5 then -- 確定用戶名 name = string.sub(text, t1+t4, t1+t5-2) name = mw.text.trim(name) -- 首字母大寫 local firstletter = string.byte(name, 1, 1) if firstletter >= 97 and firstletter <=122 then name = string.upper(string.sub(name, 1, 1)) .. string.sub(name, 2, -1) end break end end end name = name or '?' if not result[name] then result[name] = {count = 1, firstdate = date, lastdate = date} else result[name].count = result[name].count + 1 if comparedate(result[name].lastdate, date) then result[name].lastdate = date end if comparedate(date, result[name].firstdate) then result[name].firstdate = date end end until false return result end local function maketable(counttable, args) local tabletype = args.tabletype and mw.text.trim(args.tabletype) or 'user' local top = '{| class="wikitable sortable"\n|-' if tabletype == 'all' then top = '{| class="wikitable"\n|-' end local result = { top } if tabletype == 'topic' then table.insert(result, '! 主題 !! 發言次數 !! 參與者人數 !! 發起人 !! 最後發言者 !! data-sort-type="number" | 最後發言時間') for _, k in ipairs(counttable.ids) do local v = counttable.topics[k] if v.count > 0 then local displayTitle = string.format('[[%s#%s|%s]]', args.pageName, k, k) table.insert(result, string.format('|-\n| %s || %s || %s || %s || %s || data-sort-value="%s" | %s', displayTitle, v.count, v.usercount, getuserlink(v.firstname, args.userlink, args.ipuserlink), getuserlink(v.lastname, args.userlink, args.ipuserlink), date2num(v.lastdate), v.lastdate)) end end elseif tabletype == 'topicsimple' then table.insert(result, '! 主題 !! 發言次數 !! 最後發言者 !! data-sort-type="number" | 最後發言時間') for _, k in ipairs(counttable.ids) do local v = counttable.topics[k] if v.count > 0 then local displayTitle = string.format('[[%s#%s|%s]]', args.pageName, k, k) table.insert(result, string.format('|-\n| %s || %s || %s || data-sort-value="%s" | %s', displayTitle, v.count, getuserlink(v.lastname, args.userlink, args.ipuserlink), date2num(v.lastdate), v.lastdate)) end end elseif tabletype == 'all' then table.insert(result, '! 主題 !! 用戶 !! 發言次數 !! data-sort-type="number" | 最後發言時間') for _, k in ipairs(counttable.ids) do local v = counttable.topics[k] if v.count > 0 then local displayTitle = string.format('[[%s#%s|%s]]', args.pageName, k, k) local first = displayTitle .. ' || ' if v.usercount > 1 then first = 'rowspan=' .. v.usercount .. ' | ' .. first end for k2, v2 in pairs(v.users) do table.insert(result, string.format('|-\n| %s%s || %s || data-sort-value="%s" | %s', first, getuserlink(k2, args.userlink, args.ipuserlink), v2.count, date2num(v2.lastdate), v2.lastdate)) first = '' end end end else table.insert(result, '! 用戶 !! 發言次數 !! data-sort-type="number" | 最後發言時間') for k, v in pairs(counttable.users) do table.insert(result, string.format('|-\n| %s || %s || data-sort-value="%s" | %s', getuserlink(k, args.userlink, args.ipuserlink), v.count, date2num(v.lastdate), v.lastdate)) end end table.insert(result, '|}') return table.concat(result, '\n') end --- 對簽名數據進行匯總 -- @param stat 通過count函數得到的統計數據 -- @return 一個table,發言數、發言人數、最後發言者、最後發言時間 local function getstat(data) local count = 0 local usercount = 0 local lastdate = f.MINDATE local lastname = nil local firstdate = f.MAXDATE local firstname = nil for username, userinfo in pairs(data) do count = count + userinfo.count usercount = usercount + 1 if comparedate(lastdate, userinfo.lastdate) then lastdate = userinfo.lastdate lastname = username end if comparedate(userinfo.firstdate, firstdate) then firstdate = userinfo.firstdate firstname = username end end return { count = count, usercount = usercount, firstdate = firstdate, firstname = firstname, lastdate = lastdate, lastname = lastname } end --- 統計討論串中各個簽名的次數和最後發言時間。 -- @param args -- @return local function getcount(args) local userdata = {} local datas = extracttopic(args) or { data = {}, ids = {} } local result = { users = userdata, topics = {}, ids = datas.ids } for _, title in ipairs(datas.ids) do local content = datas.data[title] local topicdata = f._count(content) for username, userinfo in pairs(topicdata) do local dat = userdata[username] or { count = 0, lastdate = f.MINDATE } dat.count = dat.count + userinfo.count dat.lastdate = comparedate(dat.lastdate, userinfo.lastdate) and userinfo.lastdate or dat.lastdate userdata[username] = dat end result.topics[title] = getstat(topicdata) result.topics[title].users = topicdata end return result end --- 獲取最後簽名。 -- @param args -- @return 一個table,包含用戶名和日期。 local function getlastsign(args) local r = getcount(args) local lastname = nil local lastdate = f.MINDATE for k, v in pairs(r.users) do if comparedate(lastdate, v.lastdate) then lastname = k lastdate = v.lastdate end end return {name=lastname, date=lastdate} end --- 將維基百科模板上的參數轉為lua的table。 -- @param frame 維基百科模板上的參數。 -- @return 一個table,包括各個參數。 local function getargs(frame) local title = mw.title.new(frame.args[1]) if not title then return { text = '', pageName = title.prefixedText, topic = frame.args.topic, ispattern = frame.args.ispattern, userlink = frame.args.userlink, ipuserlink = frame.args.ipuserlink, tabletype = frame.args.type, titlelevel = '2' } end -- 重定向 if title.isRedirect then title = title.redirectTarget end local titlelevel = frame.args.titlelevel local prefixText = title.prefixedText if not titlelevel or titlelevel == '' then for prefix, level in pairs(f.PAGE_LEVEL_MAP) do if string.find(prefixText, prefix, 1, true) == 1 then titlelevel = level break end end titlelevel = titlelevel or '2' end return { text = title:getContent(), pageName = title.prefixedText, topic = frame.args.topic, ispattern = frame.args.ispattern, userlink = frame.args.userlink, ipuserlink = frame.args.ipuserlink, tabletype = frame.args.type, titlelevel = titlelevel } end --- 統計討論頁發言情況。詳情見文檔頁。 -- @param frame 維基百科頁面名。 -- @return 一張表格。 function f.analyse(frame) local args = getargs(frame) return maketable(getcount(args), args) end --- 獲取最後一個發言的用戶。 -- @param frame 維基百科頁面名。 -- @return 一個用戶名,不使用鏈接。 function f.lastname(frame) return getlastsign(getargs(frame)).name end --- 獲取最後一個發言的日期。 -- @param frame 維基百科頁面名。 -- @return 一個日期。 function f.lastdate(frame) return getlastsign(getargs(frame)).date end --- 獲取最後一個簽名。 -- @param frame 維基百科頁面名。 -- @return 一個簽名鏈接附上一個日期。 function f.lastsign(frame) local args = getargs(frame) local lastsign = getlastsign(args) if lastsign.name then return string.format('%s %s', getuserlink(lastsign.name, args.userlink, args.ipuserlink), lastsign.date) end end --- 統計簽名數量。 -- @param frame 維基百科頁面名。 -- @return 一個數字。 function f.count(frame) local data = getcount(getargs(frame)) local username = frame.args.user and mw.text.trim(frame.args.user) if not username then local num = 0 for k, v in pairs(data.topics) do num = num + v.count end return num elseif data.users[username] then return data.users[username].count else return 0 end end --- 統計簽名者數量。 -- @param frame 維基百科頁面名。 -- @return 一個數字。 function f.countuser(frame) local data = getcount(getargs(frame)).users local count = 0 for _ in pairs(data) do count = count + 1 end return count end -- 以下用於本地測試 --[[ f.countsigns = getcount f.lastsign = getlastsign f.maketable = maketable ]] f.getcount = getcount return f lud2lfgmwbfwqoyzsqkuphesfogmfm3 維基大典:會館/topic list 4 82586 441422 441410 2026-05-27T14:56:33Z Cewbot 65799 [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|生成議題列表:9個議題]] 441422 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- 本頁面由機器人自動更新。若要改進,請聯繫機器人操作者。 --> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="float:left;" |- ! data-sort-type="number" | <small>序</small> !! 💭 議題 !! data-sort-type="number" | <span title="議論數">💬</span> !! data-sort-type="number" | <small title="參議者數">👥</small> !! 🙋 末議者 !! data-sort-type="isoDate" | <span title="新易">🕒 <small>(UTC+8)</small></span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | [[維基大典:會館#大典新徽|大典新徽]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="2" | 二 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-22T06:11:00.000Z" | 2026-04-22 <span style="color: blue;">14:11</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="2" | 二 | [[維基大典:會館#評選期限|評選期限]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="9" | 九 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="5" | 五 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-29T05:07:00.000Z" | 2026-04-29 <span style="color: blue;">13:07</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | [[維基大典:會館#設世事之名集議|設世事之名集議]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T02:53:00.000Z" | 2026-05-27 <span style="color: blue;">10:53</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="4" | 四 | [[維基大典:會館#設爾雅之名集議|設爾雅之名集議]] | style="background-color: #ffe;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="14" | 十四 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T02:55:00.000Z" | 2026-05-27 <span style="color: blue;">10:55</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="5" | 五 | [[維基大典:會館#Request_for_comment_(global_AI_policy)|Request for comment (global AI policy)]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-26T00:58:00.000Z" | 2026-04-26 <span style="color: blue;">08:58</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="6" | 六 | [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2026年4月對話時間|台灣分會2026年4月對話時間]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-27T22:52:00.000Z" | 2026-04-28 <span style="color: blue;">06:52</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="7" | 七 | [[維基大典:會館#Parsoid遷移作業|<span lang="zh" dir="ltr">Parsoid遷移作業</span>]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:ABreault (WMF)|ABreault (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-27T23:28:00.000Z" | 2026-04-28 <span style="color: blue;">07:28</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | [[維基大典:會館#為定自校官選舉則例事|為定自校官選舉則例事]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-09T05:07:00.000Z" | 2026-05-09 <span style="color: blue;">13:07</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="9" | 九 | [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2026年5對話時間|台灣分會2026年5對話時間]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-26T14:09:00.000Z" | 2026-05-26 <span style="color: blue;">22:09</span> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float: left; margin-left: .5em;;{{#if:{{{no_time_legend|}}}|display:none;|}}" ! title="From the latest bot edit" | 發言更新圖例 |- | style="background-color: #efe;" | * 最近一小時內 |- | style="background-color: #eef;" | * 最近一日內 |- | | * 一週內 |- | style="background-color: #ddd;" | * 一個月內 |- | style="background-color: #bbb;" | * 逾一個月 |- ! Manual settings |- | style="max-width: 12em;" | <small>When exceptions occur,<br />please check [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|the setting]] first.</small> |- |} {{Clear}} bx5fprqmckqisnzs3mif8h159w7g3ue 441424 441422 2026-05-27T17:15:11Z Cewbot 65799 [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|生成議題列表:10個議題]]; new reply: [[維基大典:會館#請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票|<span lang="zh" dir="ltr">請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票</span>]] 441424 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- 本頁面由機器人自動更新。若要改進,請聯繫機器人操作者。 --> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="float:left;" |- ! data-sort-type="number" | <small>序</small> !! 💭 議題 !! data-sort-type="number" | <span title="議論數">💬</span> !! data-sort-type="number" | <small title="參議者數">👥</small> !! 🙋 末議者 !! data-sort-type="isoDate" | <span title="新易">🕒 <small>(UTC+8)</small></span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | [[維基大典:會館#大典新徽|大典新徽]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="2" | 二 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-22T06:11:00.000Z" | 2026-04-22 <span style="color: blue;">14:11</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="2" | 二 | [[維基大典:會館#評選期限|評選期限]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="9" | 九 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="5" | 五 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-29T05:07:00.000Z" | 2026-04-29 <span style="color: blue;">13:07</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | [[維基大典:會館#設世事之名集議|設世事之名集議]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T02:53:00.000Z" | 2026-05-27 <span style="color: blue;">10:53</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="4" | 四 | [[維基大典:會館#設爾雅之名集議|設爾雅之名集議]] | style="background-color: #ffe;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="14" | 十四 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T02:55:00.000Z" | 2026-05-27 <span style="color: blue;">10:55</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="5" | 五 | [[維基大典:會館#Request_for_comment_(global_AI_policy)|Request for comment (global AI policy)]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-26T00:58:00.000Z" | 2026-04-26 <span style="color: blue;">08:58</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="6" | 六 | [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2026年4月對話時間|台灣分會2026年4月對話時間]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-27T22:52:00.000Z" | 2026-04-28 <span style="color: blue;">06:52</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="7" | 七 | [[維基大典:會館#Parsoid遷移作業|<span lang="zh" dir="ltr">Parsoid遷移作業</span>]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:ABreault (WMF)|ABreault (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-27T23:28:00.000Z" | 2026-04-28 <span style="color: blue;">07:28</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | [[維基大典:會館#為定自校官選舉則例事|為定自校官選舉則例事]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-09T05:07:00.000Z" | 2026-05-09 <span style="color: blue;">13:07</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="9" | 九 | [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2026年5對話時間|台灣分會2026年5對話時間]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-26T14:09:00.000Z" | 2026-05-26 <span style="color: blue;">22:09</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="10" | 十 | [[維基大典:會館#請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票|<span lang="zh" dir="ltr">請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票</span>]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #efe;" | [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #efe;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T17:15:00.000Z" | 2026-05-28 <span style="color: blue;">01:15</span> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float: left; margin-left: .5em;;{{#if:{{{no_time_legend|}}}|display:none;|}}" ! title="From the latest bot edit" | 發言更新圖例 |- | style="background-color: #efe;" | * 最近一小時內 |- | style="background-color: #eef;" | * 最近一日內 |- | | * 一週內 |- | style="background-color: #ddd;" | * 一個月內 |- | style="background-color: #bbb;" | * 逾一個月 |- ! Manual settings |- | style="max-width: 12em;" | <small>When exceptions occur,<br />please check [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|the setting]] first.</small> |- |} {{Clear}} gg4p33yfzaipkn5967567b86w2tzriu 441425 441424 2026-05-27T23:15:27Z Cewbot 65799 [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|生成議題列表:10個議題]] 441425 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- 本頁面由機器人自動更新。若要改進,請聯繫機器人操作者。 --> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="float:left;" |- ! data-sort-type="number" | <small>序</small> !! 💭 議題 !! data-sort-type="number" | <span title="議論數">💬</span> !! data-sort-type="number" | <small title="參議者數">👥</small> !! 🙋 末議者 !! data-sort-type="isoDate" | <span title="新易">🕒 <small>(UTC+8)</small></span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | [[維基大典:會館#大典新徽|大典新徽]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="2" | 二 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-22T06:11:00.000Z" | 2026-04-22 <span style="color: blue;">14:11</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="2" | 二 | [[維基大典:會館#評選期限|評選期限]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="9" | 九 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="5" | 五 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-29T05:07:00.000Z" | 2026-04-29 <span style="color: blue;">13:07</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | [[維基大典:會館#設世事之名集議|設世事之名集議]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T02:53:00.000Z" | 2026-05-27 <span style="color: blue;">10:53</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="4" | 四 | [[維基大典:會館#設爾雅之名集議|設爾雅之名集議]] | style="background-color: #ffe;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="14" | 十四 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T02:55:00.000Z" | 2026-05-27 <span style="color: blue;">10:55</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="5" | 五 | [[維基大典:會館#Request_for_comment_(global_AI_policy)|Request for comment (global AI policy)]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-26T00:58:00.000Z" | 2026-04-26 <span style="color: blue;">08:58</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="6" | 六 | [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2026年4月對話時間|台灣分會2026年4月對話時間]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-27T22:52:00.000Z" | 2026-04-28 <span style="color: blue;">06:52</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="7" | 七 | [[維基大典:會館#Parsoid遷移作業|<span lang="zh" dir="ltr">Parsoid遷移作業</span>]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:ABreault (WMF)|ABreault (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-27T23:28:00.000Z" | 2026-04-28 <span style="color: blue;">07:28</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | [[維基大典:會館#為定自校官選舉則例事|為定自校官選舉則例事]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-09T05:07:00.000Z" | 2026-05-09 <span style="color: blue;">13:07</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="9" | 九 | [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2026年5對話時間|台灣分會2026年5對話時間]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-26T14:09:00.000Z" | 2026-05-26 <span style="color: blue;">22:09</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="10" | 十 | [[維基大典:會館#請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票|<span lang="zh" dir="ltr">請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票</span>]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T17:15:00.000Z" | 2026-05-28 <span style="color: blue;">01:15</span> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float: left; margin-left: .5em;;{{#if:{{{no_time_legend|}}}|display:none;|}}" ! title="From the latest bot edit" | 發言更新圖例 |- | style="background-color: #efe;" | * 最近一小時內 |- | style="background-color: #eef;" | * 最近一日內 |- | | * 一週內 |- | style="background-color: #ddd;" | * 一個月內 |- | style="background-color: #bbb;" | * 逾一個月 |- ! Manual settings |- | style="max-width: 12em;" | <small>When exceptions occur,<br />please check [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|the setting]] first.</small> |- |} {{Clear}} nsf5n0vwoqnlulrfiorz75h0dq437kq 441469 441425 2026-05-28T05:15:41Z Cewbot 65799 [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|生成議題列表:10個議題]] 441469 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- 本頁面由機器人自動更新。若要改進,請聯繫機器人操作者。 --> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="float:left;" |- ! data-sort-type="number" | <small>序</small> !! 💭 議題 !! data-sort-type="number" | <span title="議論數">💬</span> !! data-sort-type="number" | <small title="參議者數">👥</small> !! 🙋 末議者 !! data-sort-type="isoDate" | <span title="新易">🕒 <small>(UTC+8)</small></span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | [[維基大典:會館#大典新徽|大典新徽]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="2" | 二 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-22T06:11:00.000Z" | 2026-04-22 <span style="color: blue;">14:11</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="2" | 二 | [[維基大典:會館#評選期限|評選期限]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="9" | 九 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="5" | 五 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-29T05:07:00.000Z" | 2026-04-29 <span style="color: blue;">13:07</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | [[維基大典:會館#設世事之名集議|設世事之名集議]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T02:53:00.000Z" | 2026-05-27 <span style="color: blue;">10:53</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="4" | 四 | [[維基大典:會館#設爾雅之名集議|設爾雅之名集議]] | style="background-color: #ffe;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="14" | 十四 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T02:55:00.000Z" | 2026-05-27 <span style="color: blue;">10:55</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="5" | 五 | [[維基大典:會館#Request_for_comment_(global_AI_policy)|Request for comment (global AI policy)]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-26T00:58:00.000Z" | 2026-04-26 <span style="color: blue;">08:58</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="6" | 六 | [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2026年4月對話時間|台灣分會2026年4月對話時間]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-27T22:52:00.000Z" | 2026-04-28 <span style="color: blue;">06:52</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="7" | 七 | [[維基大典:會館#Parsoid遷移作業|<span lang="zh" dir="ltr">Parsoid遷移作業</span>]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:ABreault (WMF)|ABreault (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-04-27T23:28:00.000Z" | 2026-04-28 <span style="color: blue;">07:28</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="8" | 八 | [[維基大典:會館#為定自校官選舉則例事|為定自校官選舉則例事]] | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="3" | 三 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-09T05:07:00.000Z" | 2026-05-09 <span style="color: blue;">13:07</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="9" | 九 | [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2026年5對話時間|台灣分會2026年5對話時間]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-26T14:09:00.000Z" | 2026-05-26 <span style="color: blue;">22:09</span> |- | data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="10" | 十 | [[維基大典:會館#請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票|<span lang="zh" dir="ltr">請立刻參與2026年U4C選舉投票</span>]] | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #fcc;" data-sort-type="number" data-sort-value="1" | 一 | style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-05-27T17:15:00.000Z" | 2026-05-28 <span style="color: blue;">01:15</span> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float: left; margin-left: .5em;;{{#if:{{{no_time_legend|}}}|display:none;|}}" ! title="From the latest bot edit" | 發言更新圖例 |- | style="background-color: #efe;" | * 最近一小時內 |- | style="background-color: #eef;" | * 最近一日內 |- | | * 一週內 |- | style="background-color: #ddd;" | * 一個月內 |- | style="background-color: #bbb;" | * 逾一個月 |- ! Manual settings |- | style="max-width: 12em;" | <small>When exceptions occur,<br />please check [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|the setting]] first.</small> |- |} {{Clear}} ng1g0pnavofy708lkok6g3qb97xlhdg 電池 0 85085 441420 314787 2026-05-27T12:49:40Z ~2026-31407-91 118633 441420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[檔案:Batteries.jpg|縮圖|電池]] '''電池''',裝置也,所以轉自有之[[化學能]]而為[[電能]]者。以預存之[[能量|能]],轉爲電能,以資外用,如是則廣義之電池。 又謂'''電瓶'''、'''電芯'''。[[閩東語]]名之'''電涂'''。 ==型號== 乾電池之型號,其常見者如左: {| class="wikitable" |- ! 美國 !! 中國大陸 !臺灣!! 尺寸,即高卑乘以直徑,計以[[毫米]] |- | AAA || 七號電池 |四號電池|| 卌四乘以十 |- | AA || 五號電池 |三號電池|| 卌九乘以十四 |- | C || 二號電池 |二號電池|| 卌九點五乘以廿五點三 |- | D || 一號電池 |一號電池|| 五十九乘以卅二點三 |- | AAAA || 九號電池 |六號電池|| 卌一點五乘以八點一 |- | A || 四號電池 ||| 卌九乘以十六點八 |- | SC || 三號電池 ||| 卌二乘以廿二點一 |- | N || 八號電池 |五號電池|| 廿八點五乘以十一點七 |- | F || ||| 八十九乘以卅二點三 |} [[分類:物理]] idnc926drr0j49m13avgw6ib4twaghz 河南市 0 89146 441439 330965 2026-05-28T01:51:26Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{釋義二|subject=[[大韓民國]]一市也|other=他地|河南 (釋義)}} [[File:Map Hanam-si.png|thumb|赤域爲河南市所在]] '''河南市'''屬[[大韓民國]][[京畿道]]也。 == 沿革 == [[一九八九年]],廣州郡東、西、中部上山谷合而成置。 == 它典 == * [http://www.hanam.go.kr/ 河南市政府] [[分類:京畿道]] {{stub}} 402ikxk2f4j0h3cn2o1tyffozmhfyr0 用戶討論:Xuân thiên lạc diệp thu khai hoa 3 96017 441426 353739 2026-05-28T00:56:54Z Dr-Taher 69231 Dr-Taher遷頁[[用戶討論:Đậu Huy Minh]]至[[用戶討論:Xuân thiên lạc diệp thu khai hoa]]:當重新命名使用者「[[Special:CentralAuth/Đậu Huy Minh|Đậu Huy Minh]]」至「[[Special:CentralAuth/Xuân thiên lạc diệp thu khai hoa|Xuân thiên lạc diệp thu khai hoa]]」時自動移動頁面 353739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Đậu Huy Minh}} -- [[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二〇年八月五日 (三) 一〇時一九分 (UTC) hvq0o7f6yic0vdy73e8wbazb8ns1w6f 用戶討論:Renamed user f756c53aa2207d45728fd4ce07fb2635 3 115921 441421 394611 2026-05-27T14:06:02Z Ontzak 75387 Ontzak已移動頁面[[用戶討論:Elcasudo]]至[[用戶討論:Renamed user f756c53aa2207d45728fd4ce07fb2635]],不留重新導向:當重新命名使用者「[[Special:CentralAuth/Elcasudo|Elcasudo]]」至「[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user f756c53aa2207d45728fd4ce07fb2635|Renamed user f756c53aa2207d45728fd4ce07fb2635]]」時自動移動頁面 394611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Elcasudo}} -- <span style="text-shadow:0 1px 5px #66f9cf;">[[User:MintCandy|薄荷糖]]</span>敬上 <small>([[User talk:MintCandy|議]])</small> 二〇二三年八月二七日 (日) 二一時五三分 (UTC) mxh9fovq1rrvkgz2j9bn0n77i4og3s6 用戶討論:Renamed user 6054ce8028758e9727ef44ed3cb9ecd9 3 116758 441468 396619 2026-05-28T05:07:48Z Exusiai 102842 Exusiai已移動頁面[[用戶討論:Timmonn]]至[[用戶討論:Renamed user 6054ce8028758e9727ef44ed3cb9ecd9]],不留重新導向:當重新命名使用者「[[Special:CentralAuth/Timmonn|Timmonn]]」至「[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 6054ce8028758e9727ef44ed3cb9ecd9|Renamed user 6054ce8028758e9727ef44ed3cb9ecd9]]」時自動移動頁面 396619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Timmonn}} -- [[用戶:Itsmine|孔明居士]] ([[用戶討論:Itsmine|對話]]) 二〇二三年一〇月六日 (五) 〇七時四三分 (UTC) 2h1pbc8efh2s7jogiiu0rqc4ire4cem 弗朗茨·馮·帕彭 0 119060 441428 401241 2026-05-28T01:10:32Z InternetArchiveBot 88570 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 441428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-0113-500, Franz v. Papen (cropped)(2).jpg|thumb|帕彭之像]] '''弗朗茨·馮·帕彭''' {{按|[[德文]] Franz von Papen}},[[德意志]][[韋爾]]人。生於[[西元]][[一八七九年]]十月廿九日。 ==生平== 少家優渥,父曰弗里德里希·馮·帕彭,勳貴也。帕彭及長,乃從戎,授帝國駐[[美利堅]]大使館武官。[[第一次世界大戰|歐戰]]起,遷[[中東]]戰區參謀{{sfn|Rolfs|1995|p=26}}<ref>{{cite book| last= Ihrig| first= Stefan | title= Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismark to Hitler| place= Cambridge, Massachusetts| publisher= Harvard University Press| year= 2016 |page= 352}}</ref>。[[一九一八年]],帕彭以中校退役,入[[天主教]]中央黨,俄而授普魯士邦議員。[[一九三二年]]六月,布呂寧內閣辭,總統[[興登堡]]命帕彭組閣,授總理。 當此時,[[納粹黨]]勢日熾,黨人奉[[希特勒]]為元首,俱有逐鹿[[天下]]之志,乃組織衝鋒隊、蓋世太保等,充之為爪牙。七月,納粹黨取二百席次,遂握議會權柄。帕彭欲羈縻其魁希氏,以副揆許之,未果,帕彭益孤。十一月,帕彭致政,興登堡旋授國防部長施萊謝爾繼之。帕彭以施氏險譎,謀揆席,益惡之。每詣總統,乃數譖施氏失政,且陰合納粹,擁立希氏為總理<ref name="Beck Hermann page 81">{{cite book| last= Beck |first= Hermann |title= The Fateful Alliance: German Conservatives and Nazis in 1933| place= Oxford| publisher= Berghahn Books| year= 2013 |page= 81}}</ref>。[[一九三三年]]一月,希氏柄政,帕彭亦以副揆參預政事。帕彭性狡黠,素以多智自居,及入閣,虛驕尤甚。三月,希氏以「國會縱火案」上表議院,請授權便宜行事,允之。《授權法》既立,由是軍國政務,悉由希氏處分,帕彭但唯唯畫諾矣<ref>{{cite web|title=Adolf Hitler "Wait Calmly"|url=https://www.zeit.de/wissen/geschichte/2017-02/adolf-hitler-chancellor-appointment-anniversary|website=Zeit Online|last=Ullrich|first=Volker|date=1 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler with his Cabinet (January 30, 1933)|url=http://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1873|website=Germany History in Documents and Images|引月日=January 29, 2024|archivedate=May 28, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528042803/https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1873}}</ref>。 [[一九三四年]]六月,希氏以或告衝鋒隊謀反,遂命盡誅之;又遣蓋世太保逮問異己,施氏等俱連坐死。帕彭雖僅以身免,而側近心腹皆逮下獄{{sfn|Read|2004|pp=369–370}}。八月,興登堡歿,希氏准帕彭疏辭,授駐[[奧地利]]公使。[[一九三九年]],遷駐[[土耳其]]公使{{sfn|Watt|1989|p=280}}。[[第二次世界大戰|納粹亡]],美、[[英國|英]]、[[蘇聯|蘇]]盟軍以帕彭附逆,命法庭訴之。未幾,法庭以無罪而釋。[[西德]]立,帕彭乃徙本岑霍芬堡,寄情於著書,不復參政<ref>Franz von Papen, ''Memoirs'', pp. 586–587.</ref>。[[一九六九年]]五月二日,帕彭卒於[[薩斯巴赫]],年八十九。 ==引據== {{reflist}} * [[Joachim C. Fest|Fest, Joachim C.]] and Bullock, Michael (trans.) "Franz von Papen and the Conservative Collaboration" in ''The Face of the Third Reich'' New York: Penguin, 1979 (orig. published in German in 1963), pp.&nbsp;229–246. {{ISBN|978-0201407143}} * {{cite book |last=Weinberg |first=Gerhard |title=Hitler's Foreign Policy 1933–1939: The Road to World War II |date=2005 |publisher=Enigma Books |location=New York |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Weinberg |first=Gerhard |title=Germany, Hitler, and World War II: Essays in Modern German and World History |date=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York & Cambridge |ref=none}} [[Category:德意志第三帝國列傳]] fimzxf8sbhquo5orbjnwdwe4w2nii2a 用戶討論:RYT3012 3 133373 441436 429493 2026-05-28T01:49:27Z Dr-Taher 69231 Dr-Taher遷頁[[用戶討論:Charlie3012v]]至[[用戶討論:RYT3012]]:當重新命名使用者「[[Special:CentralAuth/Charlie3012v|Charlie3012v]]」至「[[Special:CentralAuth/RYT3012|RYT3012]]」時自動移動頁面 429493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Charlie3012v}} -- [[user:WAN233|<span style="color: #007FFF;">启明</span>]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二五年一二月二九日 (一) 一〇時二一分 (UTC) qi3su4vhaw92uuv8zim0tj266rzcgpv 用戶:逆襲のあまのじゃく 2 137946 441454 440658 2026-05-28T02:20:20Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441454 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333;" ><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; "><!-- --><div>余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]],久行毀壞之事,</div><!-- --><div>性好紊亂大典,以此為樂,</div><!-- --><div>深諳機算之術,常御程式以亂簡編,</div><!-- --><div>下有木牛流馬,號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div>向者暫隱,今乃復歸,欲行毀壞之舉,時時圖之</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 112px; left: 26px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|120px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Dufu.jpg|200px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] mrbx9b7rp7gx57fzg0zad2ihuam6wg5 441455 441454 2026-05-28T02:27:43Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 // Edit via Wikiplus 441455 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333;" ><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]] 久行毀壞之事</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">性好[[WP:毀典|紊亂大典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 112px; left: 26px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|120px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Dufu.jpg|200px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] 840titebb8iqf41lpcmak8plc715y2v 441456 441455 2026-05-28T02:34:17Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 // Edit via Wikiplus 441456 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]] 久行毀壞之事</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">性好[[WP:毀典|紊亂大典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 112px; left: 26px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|120px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Dufu.jpg|200px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] buffowimrvyqk4ivtaoqbnx7bdcae3l 441457 441456 2026-05-28T02:36:46Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441457 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]] 久行毀壞之事</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">性好[[WP:毀典|紊亂大典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 112px; left: 26px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|120px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Dufu.jpg|200px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] fzxpye3ylv0abqh9ogywy8y16d48245 441458 441457 2026-05-28T02:37:52Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441458 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]] 久行毀壞之事</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">性好[[WP:毀典|紊亂大典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 112px; left: 26px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|120px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Dufu.jpg|200px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] g2pqqud46tflbp2273xed1y4cr37hp3 441459 441458 2026-05-28T02:41:38Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 // Edit via Wikiplus 441459 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); overflow: hidden; "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]] 久行毀壞之事</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">性好[[WP:毀典|紊亂大典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 112px; left: 26px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|120px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Dufu.jpg|200px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] hf2d8y1ri0xhtyewglozcyl1px2iyvx 441460 441459 2026-05-28T02:52:31Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441460 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); overflow: hidden; "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]] 久行毀壞之事</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">性好[[WP:毀典|紊亂大典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --><div style=""><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 75px; left: 102px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|70px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Akechi Mitsuhide8.jpg|300px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] s2h18mfixilif1qaeo7pafrnchxxj17 441461 441460 2026-05-28T03:02:12Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441461 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); overflow: hidden; "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; position: relative; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]] 久行毀壞之事</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">性好[[WP:毀典|紊亂大典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: -60px; bottom: -12px; border-radius: 4px; border: 4px solid red; height: 60px; width: 60px; "><div style=" position: absolute; width: 36px; border-left: 4px solid red; border-bottom: 4px solid red; height: 18px; left: 11px; top: 5px; "></div><div style=" position: absolute; border-top: 4px solid red; width: 25px; left: 5px; top: 32px; "></div><div style=" position: absolute; height: 24px; border-right: 4px solid red; top: 32px; left: 16px; "></div><div style=" position: absolute; border-left: 4px solid red; height: 25px; left: 36px; top: 31px; transform-origin: center; transform: rotate(30deg); "></div><div style=" position: absolute; border-left: 4px solid red; height: 25px; left: 47px; top: 31px; transform-origin: center; transform: rotate(-30deg); "></div><div style=" position: absolute; border-top: 4px solid red; width: 14px; left: 37px; top: 43px; "></div></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 61px; left: 85px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|60px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Akechi Mitsuhide8.jpg|250px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] eudhiyppfpfoglblnlytngvnf419sxf 441463 441461 2026-05-28T03:12:46Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441463 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); overflow: hidden; "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 32pt; padding: 20px 10px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 24px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; position: relative; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余為[[:zh:WP:Seija|通語維基之宿孽]] 久行毀壞之事</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">性好[[WP:毀典|紊亂大典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼機器人]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; left: -60px; bottom: -12px;">{{用戶:逆襲のあまのじゃく/印}}</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 61px; left: 85px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|60px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Akechi Mitsuhide8.jpg|250px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] 3d4dpnlby2j9f9s6hux080fern8rt8j 441467 441463 2026-05-28T03:50:26Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441467 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); overflow: hidden; "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 34px; padding: 20px 10px; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 22px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; position: relative; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余乃[[Special:Permalink/293738|屢毀大典文觀者]] 通語維基之[[:zh:WP:Seija|宿孽]]也</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">素不識文言 未達雅訓 然性喜[[WP:毀典|毀典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼之傀儡]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; left: -60px; bottom: -12px;">{{用戶:逆襲のあまのじゃく/印}}</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 61px; left: 85px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|60px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Akechi Mitsuhide8.jpg|250px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] desfq6mwsssaekcjdveemrtrep9oow5 441470 441467 2026-05-28T05:39:45Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 // Edit via Wikiplus 441470 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; border-radius: 40px; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 34px; padding: 20px 10px; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 22px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; position: relative; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余乃[[Special:Permalink/293738|屢毀大典文觀者]] 通語維基之[[:zh:WP:Seija|宿孽]]也</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">素不識文言 未達雅訓 然性喜[[WP:毀典|毀典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼之傀儡]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; left: -60px; bottom: -12px;">{{用戶:逆襲のあまのじゃく/印}}</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 61px; left: 85px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|60px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Akechi Mitsuhide8.jpg|250px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] jnb6t098ypa36iunvsqan1o55zgxa80 441471 441470 2026-05-28T05:54:14Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 441471 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" position: relative; border: 4px solid #4a3728; border-radius: 40px; padding: 50px; background-color: #fffcf5; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); "><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; border-radius: 40px; background-color: #fffcf5; background: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0%, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(74, 55, 40, 0.02) 1%, transparent 100%); background-size: 4px 4px; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; height: 30px; border-top-left-radius: 36px; border-top-right-radius: 36px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4a3728 33.3%, transparent 33.3%) -30px 0px, linear-gradient(225deg, #4a3728 33.3%, transparent 33.3%) -30px 0px, linear-gradient(315deg, #4a3728 33.3%, transparent 33.3%) 0px 1px, linear-gradient(45deg, #4a3728 33.3%, transparent 33.3%) 0 1px; background-size: 60px 30px; border-bottom: 2px solid #4a3728; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" position: absolute; left: 0; bottom: -1px; right: 0; height: 30px; border-bottom-left-radius: 36px; border-bottom-right-radius: 36px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4a3728 33.3%, transparent 33.3%) -30px 0px, linear-gradient(225deg, #4a3728 33.3%, transparent 33.3%) -30px 0px, linear-gradient(315deg, #4a3728 33.3%, transparent 33.3%) 0px 1px, linear-gradient(45deg, #4a3728 33.3%, transparent 33.3%) 0 1px; background-size: 60px 30px; border-top: 2px solid #4a3728; pointer-events: none; "></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: vertical-rl; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-rl; display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; flex-wrap: wrap; "><!-- --><div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; row-gap: 10px; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #8b0000; color: white; font-size: 34px; padding: 20px 10px; border-radius: 8px; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: max-content; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 5px; "><!-- -->逆襲之天邪鬼<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #2f4f4f; color: white; font-size: 18pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; align-self: flex-end; letter-spacing: 2px; "><!-- -->逆襲のあまのじゃく<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" background-color: #556b2f; color: white; font-size: 16pt; padding: 15px 8px; border-radius: 5px; letter-spacing: 10px; "><!-- -->屢毀大典文觀者<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" font-size: 22px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 40px; line-height: 48px; position: relative; "><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5; border-right: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">余乃[[Special:Permalink/293738|屢毀大典文觀者]] 通語維基之[[:zh:WP:Seija|宿孽]]也</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">素不識文言 未達雅訓 然性喜[[WP:毀典|毀典]] 以此為樂</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">深諳機算之術 常御程式以亂簡編</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">下有木牛流馬 號曰[[User:AmanojakuBot|天邪鬼之傀儡]]</div><!-- --><div style="border-left: 1px solid #e3dfd5;">向者暫隱 今乃復歸 欲行毀壞之舉 時時圖之</div><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; left: -60px; bottom: -12px;">{{用戶:逆襲のあまのじゃく/印}}</div><!-- --></div><!-- --><div style=" writing-mode: horizontal-tb; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 30px 0; "><!-- --><div style="position: relative;"><!-- --><div style="position: absolute; top: 61px; left: 85px;">[[File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f608.svg|60px|link=]]</div><!-- -->[[File:Akechi Mitsuhide8.jpg|250px|link=]]<!-- --></div><!-- --><div style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5px;"><!-- -->像者編鬼邪天<!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div><!-- --></div> [[zh:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[en:User:逆襲のあまのじゃく]] [[Category:逆襲的天邪鬼之分身]] o00bm9tx3xqdxj73x33arzlddkzx43j 先鋒集團 0 138015 441446 441359 2026-05-28T02:00:20Z Itsmine 5 /* 草創 */ 441446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''先鋒集團'''{{按|英語:'''The Vanguard Group, Inc.'''}},[[泰西]]投資之雄、寰宇指數之祖也。西元[[一九七五年]]五月朔,[[約翰柏格]]肇基於[[賓夕法尼亞州|賓州]]瑪爾文之地<ref name=AboutVang>{{引網|址=https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/corp/who-we-are/sets-us-apart/facts-and-figures.html|題=Fast Facts About Vanguard|出版=The Vanguard Group, Inc.|見=2025-04-12}}</ref>。創於受黜之餘,立於眾笑之中。歷四十餘載,統籌之資逾一十二兆[[美元]]。冠絕[[共同基金]]之林,亞於[[貝萊德]][[安碩]]之列<ref>{{引網|址=http://www.etf.com/sections/etf-league-tables.html|題=ETF League Tables|出版=ETF.com|見=2017-03-22}}</ref>。與貝萊德、[[道富集團|道富]]鼎峙,世號「指數三雄」<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bebchuk|first=Lucian|coauthors=Hirst, Scott|title=Index Funds and the Future of Corporate Governance: Theory, Evidence, and Policy|work=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=119|pages=2029–2146|year=2019|url=https://columbialawreview.org/content/index-funds-and-the-future-of-corporate-governance-theory-evidence-and-policy/}}</ref>。業兼理財治產之術,制秉眾主共有之奇。下啟編氓之門,上易[[華爾街]]之舊。取贏至輕,當世罕匹。 == 沿革 == === 肇始 === [[File:Photo of a John C. Bogle By Bill Cramer.jpg|thumb|約翰柏格於[[二〇〇七年]]]] 約翰柏格者,[[普林斯頓大學|普林斯頓]]之俊彥也。[[一九五一年]],撰學位之論,徧考基金之績<ref>{{引網|著=Armbruster, Mark|址=http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf|題=Comparing index mutual funds and active managers|出版=Rochester Business Journal|日=2016-10-14|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2017-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233525/http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf}}</ref>。乃悟主動之眾,多遜大盤之指;雖偶有勝出,亦為管費所噬<ref>{{引網|著=MacBride, Elizabeth|址=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/14/jack-bogle-follow-these-4-investing-rules-ignore-the-rest.html|題=Jack Bogle: Follow these 4 investing rules—ignore the rest|出版=CNBC|日=2015-10-14}}</ref>。指數之念,潛萌於少年之心;異日之機,已伏於蕘者之論。 既卒業,入[[威靈頓基金管理公司|威靈頓]]為僚<ref name=thinking>{{引網|著=Ferri, Rick|址=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rickferri/2014/02/10/what-was-john-bogle-thinking/|題=What Was John Bogle Thinking?|出版=Forbes|日=2014-02-10}}</ref>。由末僚而陞大員,自末席而躋上座。[[一九六七年]]膺總裁之命,[[一九七〇年]]握大計之權。然嘗主一併購,事敗於朝,謗興於野,[[一九七四年]]竟見黜逐<ref name=thinking/>。柏氏自陳曰:「斯舉之失,可恥而難恕;皆由童騃自負,不察事實所致。然非此一挫,則無先鋒之興也。」<ref>{{引網|著=Boyle, Matthew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm|題=Be prepared for a lot of bumps|出版=Fortune|日=2007-12-17|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2024-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820000655/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm}}</ref>知者謂之:厄為玉成,挫乃成之。 === 名起 === 柏氏既被斥,乃於威靈頓內闢別部以自立。會古版書賈遺以《[[大不列顛海戰圖譜]]》一卷。展卷至[[尼羅河口海戰]]之章,覩[[納爾遜]]率[[皇家海軍|皇家艦隊]],殲法艦於水陸之交。獨損巡防一艘,幾沉敵之全師<ref>{{引網|著=Reklaitis, Victor|址=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-things-you-dont-know-about-vanguard-2014-10-31|題=5 things you don't know about Vanguard|出版=MarketWatch|日=2014-12-22}}</ref>。柏氏感其捷,乃取納爾遜旗艦之名「先鋒」{{按|HMS ''Vanguard''}}以名其業<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2015|pages=224|isbn=978-1-119-08836-3}}</ref>。威靈頓諸老初有難色。柏氏告以「Vanguard」與「Wellington」於字典之中相鄰,可並陳而列之,諸老乃首肯之<ref name=firstindex>{{引網|址=http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf|題=Lightning Strikes: The Creation of Vanguard, the First Index Mutual Fund, and the Revolution It Spawned|出版=Bogle Financial Markets Research Center|日=1997-04-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140626/http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf}}</ref>。名雖偶得,義實前驅。 === 草創 === 威靈頓諸老,禁先鋒於諮議,杜柏氏於管理<ref name=firstindex/>。柏氏審時度勢,因利乘便;思立循指之基,欲附標普之驥<ref name=tooworried>{{引網|著=Sommer, Jeff|址=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/business/john-bogle-vanguards-founder-is-too-worried-to-rest.html|題=A Mutual Fund Master, Too Worried to Rest|出版=The New York Times|日=2012-08-11}}</ref>。又有後膺[[諾貝爾經濟學獎]]之[[薩繆爾森]]者,慨然相援;嘗於[[一九七六年]]八月,撰文《[[新聞週刊]]》,倡編氓宜有附指投財之途<ref>{{引網|著=Mihm, Stephen|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-09-06/how-index-funds-prevailed|題=How Index Funds Prevailed|出版=Bloomberg|日=2016-09-06}}</ref>。 是歲也,董事既允其議,柏氏乃立第一指數投資信託,即今之[[先鋒五百指數基金]]也<ref>{{引網|著=Culloton, Dan|址=http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749|題=A Brief History of Indexing|出版=Morningstar|日=2011-08-09|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202249/http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749}}</ref>。先是創指數之基者:[[波士頓]]有[[傑里米·格蘭瑟姆|格蘭瑟姆]]之巴特利馬區,[[芝加哥]]有[[雷克斯·辛克菲爾德|辛克菲爾德]]之美國國民銀行,[[舊金山|三藩]]有麥誇恩之[[富國銀行]]<ref>{{cite book|著=Fox, Justin|題=The myth of the rational market: a history of risk, reward, and delusion on Wall Street|出版=Harper Business|年=2011|isbn=978-0-06-059903-4}}</ref>。然其志皆在公署,其求悉歸富室;至若以匹夫為宗,廣布閭閻者,先鋒實啟其端。 初發之際,望募一億五千萬,止得一千一百萬而已<ref>{{引網|著=Bogle, John; Rafalaf, Andrew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm|題=A Wall Street Revolution|出版=Fortune|日=2002-10-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180207/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm}}</ref>。承銷諸行,勸罷其議;柏氏執守,弗從其言。時先鋒所有,惟柏氏與算士二人而已。基不予佣於經紀,商賈無以為售;分未博利於販夫,行家莫為之揚。所積甚遲,所成甚寡;歲未周年,資不踰一千七百萬。會威靈頓所轄一基,將與他基相併;柏氏因勢進言,說以歸於指數,資乃驟躍,近於一億焉<ref name=firstindex/><ref name=tooworried/>。出師雖蹇,胎息已具。 === 拓業 === [[一九八二年]]之後,[[牛市|騰湧之勢]]既起,指數之術漸為他家所效。然彼類索貲過昂,反失其本。[[一九八四年]]十一月,與[[Primecap]]共立先鋒Primecap之基<ref>{{引網|著=Norton, Leslie P.|址=https://www.barrons.com/articles/primecap-in-the-spotlight-1460174680|題=Primecap in the Spotlight|出版=Barron's|見=2023-08-19}}</ref>。[[一九八六年]]十二月,創總債券基金;編氓得入債市循指之門,自此始也<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=The Clash of the Cultures: Investment vs. Speculation|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9781118238219}}</ref>。或譏其止隨標普五百,所羅過狹。[[一九八七年]]十二月,乃創「擴展市場指數基金」,盡羅標普五百之外諸股之屬<ref>{{引網|址=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/quick-guide-vanguard-extended-market-130901563.html|題=Quick Guide to Vanguard Extended Market Index Investor Fund|出版=Yahoo Finance|日=2016-03-04}}</ref>。其後五年,小盤有基,國際有基,總市有目。皆取散投之術,咸行省貲之政。 九十年代,所出愈繁。先鋒五百與總市指數諸基,躋身寰宇之最大;先鋒亦獨步共同基金之林<ref>{{Cite book|last=Godin|first=Seth|title=If You're Clueless about Mutual Funds and Want to Know More|publisher=Dearborn Financial Publishing|year=1997|pages=98|isbn=9780793125548}}</ref>。[[一九九五年]],[[約翰·內夫|內夫]]退隱於温莎基金。其基隸於先鋒,擇股則貴賤兼權,唯[[價值投資|價廉而質美]]者取之。其司其事三十年,歲超標普五百三百分之三,世稱善理財者也<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph|址=https://www.inquirer.com/business/john-neff-obituary-vanguard-windsor-funds-university-pennsylvania-endowment-fidelity-20190605.html|題=Brilliant stock picker John Neff, who ran Vanguard's Windsor Fund|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|日=2019-06-05}}</ref>。 === 嬗替 === [[一九九九年]],柏氏屆懸車之年,依制退就[[名譽職|散秩]],由[[約翰·布倫南|布倫南]]繼之<ref>{{引網|著=Costello, Martine|址=https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/|題=Vanguard's Bogle retires|出版=CNN|日=1999-08-12|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180230/https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/}}</ref>。[[二〇〇八年]]二月,麥納布膺總裁之命;同歲八月,遂掌首席執事之印<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/22/vanguard-mcnabb-brennan-face-markets-cx_pm_0222autofacescan02.html|題=McNabb To Succeed Brennan at Vanguard|出版=Forbes|日=2008-02-22}}</ref>。柏氏既退,諸繼者廣業於指數之外,兼涉[[交易所交易基金|上市指數基金]]、操盤自決之基<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/index-funds/index-vs-active|題=Index funds vs. actively managed funds|出版=Vanguard|見=2020-05-19}}</ref>。柏氏於上市指數基金頗有所疑:其雖宜長線之持,恐害於買賣之差;雖便日中之交,又虞於朝暮之易<ref>{{引網|著=Benz, Christine|址=https://www.morningstar.com/articles/355645/bogle-buy-and-hold-dont-trade-etfs|題=Bogle: Buy and Hold, Don't Trade ETFs|出版=Morningstar|歲=2010}}</ref>。柏氏一生,倡守持之道,戒投機之習。門人拓業日廣,本心終始不渝。 [[二〇一七年]]五月,立基金平台於[[英國|不列顛]]<ref>{{引網|著=Ricketts, David|址=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/vanguard-goes-direct-to-man-on-the-street-in-new-price-war-20170516|題=Hargreaves hit as Vanguard goes direct to man on the street|出版=Financial News London|日=2017-05-16}}</ref>。同歲七月,公議以首席投資長[[蒂姆·巴克利|巴克利]]繼麥納布之任。[[二〇一八年]]正月就職,麥氏退居董事會之首<ref>{{引網|著=Smith, Peter|址=https://www.ft.com/content/646dd648-67d2-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614|題=Tim Buckley to succeed Bill McNabb as Vanguard chief|出版=Financial Times|日=2017-07-13}}</ref>。 [[二〇二〇年]],創機算問策之業,並植投資之部於[[中國]]<ref>{{引網|著=Wigglesworth, Robin; Henderson, Richard|址=https://www.ft.com/content/9414052a-3142-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de|題=Vanguard and the US financial system: too big to be healthy?|出版=Financial Times|日=2020-01-12}}</ref>。同歲十月,慮乎典制之嚴、人事之繁、贏取之薄,遂退還在華所管之資二百一十億美元於官資<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-09/vanguard-returns-21-billion-in-assets-to-china-s-state-funds|題=Vanguard Returns $21 Billion in Assets to China State Funds|出版=Bloomberg|日=2020-10-09}}</ref>。其後[[繁榮美國聯盟]]起而劾之,謂先鋒乃美元入華軍工與犯人權諸企之管道<ref>{{引網|著=Kynge, James; Sevastopulo, Demetri; Lockett, Hudson|址=https://www.ft.com/content/a37c6b7c-bec1-457b-8125-a3dbe2a8a275|題=Vanguard funds invest in China military groups, report says|出版=Financial Times|日=2023-10-12}}</ref>。 [[二〇二一年]]二月,始行碎股之計,編氓以一美元之微,亦得入上市指數基金之門<ref>{{引網|著=Lucchetti, Aaron|址=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB945730607441550739|題=E-Tailers Allow Buyers to Add Fund Investments to Carts|出版=The Wall Street Journal|日=1999-12-22}}</ref>。[[二〇二二年]]十一月,於[[澳洲]]立先鋒退休金之業<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.smh.com.au/money/super-and-retirement/us-giant-looks-to-shake-up-australia-s-3-3-trillion-super-sector-with-low-fee-products-20221110-p5bx76.html|題=Vanguard looks to shake up Australia's $3.3 trillion super sector with low-fee products|出版=The Sydney Morning Herald|日=2022-11-11}}</ref>。 [[二〇二四年]]五月,眾議延[[貝萊德]]宿將拉姆吉,繼巴克利為首席執事,七月蒞任<ref>{{引網|著=Brush, Silla|址=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vanguard-appoints-blackrock-veteran-salim-ramji-as-next-ceo-1.2073003|題=Vanguard Appoints BlackRock Veteran Salim Ramji as Next CEO|出版=BNN Bloomberg|日=2024-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Godbout, Ted|址=https://www.napa-net.org/news-info/daily-news/ramji-takes-helm-vanguard-ceo|題=Ramji Takes the Helm as Vanguard CEO|出版=National Association of Plan Advisors|日=2024-07-08}}</ref>。先鋒之大權,自此外姓掌之。 [[二〇二五年]],[[聯合國]]有書,臚資東之佐以戰[[加沙地帶|加沙]]者,先鋒在焉<ref>{{引網|著=Marsi, Federica|址=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/1/un-report-lists-companies-complicit-in-israels-genocide-who-are-they|題=UN report lists companies complicit in Israel's "genocide": Who are they?|出版=Al Jazeera|日=2025-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Borger, Julian|址=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/03/global-firms-profiting-israel-genocide-gaza-united-nations-rapporteur|題=Global firms 'profiting from genocide' in Gaza, says UN rapporteur|出版=The Guardian|日=2025-07-03}}</ref>。其所投之企,多以兵戎為助;[[卡特彼勒公司|卡特彼勒]]、[[雪佛龍]]、[[帕蘭提爾]]、[[洛克希德·馬丁]]、[[埃爾比特系統公司|埃爾比特]]之屬,並列其中<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mattei|first=Clara|title=Escape from Capitalism: An Intervention|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2026|pages=153|isbn=978-1668085141}}</ref>。 == 體制 == 夫先鋒之異於諸家者,蓋以本司為所管諸基金所有,而諸基金又為投資者所有<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph N.|址=https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/john-bogle-vanguard-scraps-plain-talk-no-profit-at-cost-20190207.html|題=Vanguard SEC Filings Drop 'At-Cost,' 'No Profit' Claims That Were Dear to Late Founder John Bogle|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|見=2019-10-04}}</ref>。故先鋒之真主,實在投資者,不在外閥也。利歸於民,不歸於閥;權出於眾,不出於私。其基金多分二等:曰「投資者股」,曰「上將股」。上將股取贏稍輕,入資較高,自三千及十萬美元而不等<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/admiral-shares|題=Admiral Shares Help Keep Your Costs Under Control|出版=Vanguard|日=2020-04-09}}</ref>。總部設於[[費城]]近郊瑪爾文,分號散布[[夏洛特 (北卡羅來納州)|夏洛特]]、[[達拉斯]]、[[華盛頓哥倫比亞特區|華府]]、[[斯科茨代爾]]諸地,旁及[[加拿大]]、[[澳大利亞]],東至[[亞細亞|亞洲]],西暨[[歐羅巴洲|歐陸]]<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.ft.com/content/74b8a59b-d596-46fa-83fd-e3702d057581|題=The Vanguard Group: Global Operations|出版=Financial Times|見=2025-12-13}}</ref>。 == 贊煙之譏 == [[二〇二一年]]三月,先鋒從七十餘理財諸司之約,誓所投諸企於[[二〇六〇年]]臻[[淨零排放|淨零之境]],與[[巴黎協定]]相應<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-investors-idUSKBN2BL0AX|題=Investors BlackRock, Vanguard join net zero effort|出版=Reuters|日=2021-03-29}}</ref>。然同歲所統之資中,仍有助[[化石燃料|煤油之產]]、變天時之常者;如智利之ENAP Sipetrol、[[中國石油天然氣集團公司|中國石油]]、Petroamazonas之屬,並列其中<ref name=":0">{{引網|著=Peterson, Laura|址=https://amazonwatch.org/assets/files/2021-investing-in-amazon-crude-ii.pdf|題=Investing in Amazon Crude II|出版=Amazon Watch|日=2021-06-01}}</ref>。 是歲,先鋒投煤業之資,至少八百六十億美元,居寰宇之首<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry|題=Groundbreaking Research Reveals the Financiers of the Coal Industry|出版=Urgewald e.V.|見=2022-09-03|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2025-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211072214/https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry}}</ref>;投[[亞馬遜雨林]]內石油諸企者,債二十六億,股九十六億焉<ref name=":0"/>。誓淨零於前,資煙煤於後;前言後行,相違遠甚,識者議焉。 == 兼查 == *[[共同基金]] *[[指數基金]] *[[交易所交易基金]] *[[貝萊德]] *[[道富集團]] *[[約翰柏格]] == 注釋 == {{reflist}} == 它典 == *[https://www.vanguard.com 先鋒集團] [[Category:美國史]] g07hxy5pmkzirlu398rn25k8wub0scq 441447 441446 2026-05-28T02:06:25Z Itsmine 5 /* 拓業 */ 441447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''先鋒集團'''{{按|英語:'''The Vanguard Group, Inc.'''}},[[泰西]]投資之雄、寰宇指數之祖也。西元[[一九七五年]]五月朔,[[約翰柏格]]肇基於[[賓夕法尼亞州|賓州]]瑪爾文之地<ref name=AboutVang>{{引網|址=https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/corp/who-we-are/sets-us-apart/facts-and-figures.html|題=Fast Facts About Vanguard|出版=The Vanguard Group, Inc.|見=2025-04-12}}</ref>。創於受黜之餘,立於眾笑之中。歷四十餘載,統籌之資逾一十二兆[[美元]]。冠絕[[共同基金]]之林,亞於[[貝萊德]][[安碩]]之列<ref>{{引網|址=http://www.etf.com/sections/etf-league-tables.html|題=ETF League Tables|出版=ETF.com|見=2017-03-22}}</ref>。與貝萊德、[[道富集團|道富]]鼎峙,世號「指數三雄」<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bebchuk|first=Lucian|coauthors=Hirst, Scott|title=Index Funds and the Future of Corporate Governance: Theory, Evidence, and Policy|work=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=119|pages=2029–2146|year=2019|url=https://columbialawreview.org/content/index-funds-and-the-future-of-corporate-governance-theory-evidence-and-policy/}}</ref>。業兼理財治產之術,制秉眾主共有之奇。下啟編氓之門,上易[[華爾街]]之舊。取贏至輕,當世罕匹。 == 沿革 == === 肇始 === [[File:Photo of a John C. Bogle By Bill Cramer.jpg|thumb|約翰柏格於[[二〇〇七年]]]] 約翰柏格者,[[普林斯頓大學|普林斯頓]]之俊彥也。[[一九五一年]],撰學位之論,徧考基金之績<ref>{{引網|著=Armbruster, Mark|址=http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf|題=Comparing index mutual funds and active managers|出版=Rochester Business Journal|日=2016-10-14|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2017-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233525/http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf}}</ref>。乃悟主動之眾,多遜大盤之指;雖偶有勝出,亦為管費所噬<ref>{{引網|著=MacBride, Elizabeth|址=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/14/jack-bogle-follow-these-4-investing-rules-ignore-the-rest.html|題=Jack Bogle: Follow these 4 investing rules—ignore the rest|出版=CNBC|日=2015-10-14}}</ref>。指數之念,潛萌於少年之心;異日之機,已伏於蕘者之論。 既卒業,入[[威靈頓基金管理公司|威靈頓]]為僚<ref name=thinking>{{引網|著=Ferri, Rick|址=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rickferri/2014/02/10/what-was-john-bogle-thinking/|題=What Was John Bogle Thinking?|出版=Forbes|日=2014-02-10}}</ref>。由末僚而陞大員,自末席而躋上座。[[一九六七年]]膺總裁之命,[[一九七〇年]]握大計之權。然嘗主一併購,事敗於朝,謗興於野,[[一九七四年]]竟見黜逐<ref name=thinking/>。柏氏自陳曰:「斯舉之失,可恥而難恕;皆由童騃自負,不察事實所致。然非此一挫,則無先鋒之興也。」<ref>{{引網|著=Boyle, Matthew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm|題=Be prepared for a lot of bumps|出版=Fortune|日=2007-12-17|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2024-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820000655/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm}}</ref>知者謂之:厄為玉成,挫乃成之。 === 名起 === 柏氏既被斥,乃於威靈頓內闢別部以自立。會古版書賈遺以《[[大不列顛海戰圖譜]]》一卷。展卷至[[尼羅河口海戰]]之章,覩[[納爾遜]]率[[皇家海軍|皇家艦隊]],殲法艦於水陸之交。獨損巡防一艘,幾沉敵之全師<ref>{{引網|著=Reklaitis, Victor|址=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-things-you-dont-know-about-vanguard-2014-10-31|題=5 things you don't know about Vanguard|出版=MarketWatch|日=2014-12-22}}</ref>。柏氏感其捷,乃取納爾遜旗艦之名「先鋒」{{按|HMS ''Vanguard''}}以名其業<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2015|pages=224|isbn=978-1-119-08836-3}}</ref>。威靈頓諸老初有難色。柏氏告以「Vanguard」與「Wellington」於字典之中相鄰,可並陳而列之,諸老乃首肯之<ref name=firstindex>{{引網|址=http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf|題=Lightning Strikes: The Creation of Vanguard, the First Index Mutual Fund, and the Revolution It Spawned|出版=Bogle Financial Markets Research Center|日=1997-04-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140626/http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf}}</ref>。名雖偶得,義實前驅。 === 草創 === 威靈頓諸老,禁先鋒於諮議,杜柏氏於管理<ref name=firstindex/>。柏氏審時度勢,因利乘便;思立循指之基,欲附標普之驥<ref name=tooworried>{{引網|著=Sommer, Jeff|址=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/business/john-bogle-vanguards-founder-is-too-worried-to-rest.html|題=A Mutual Fund Master, Too Worried to Rest|出版=The New York Times|日=2012-08-11}}</ref>。又有後膺[[諾貝爾經濟學獎]]之[[薩繆爾森]]者,慨然相援;嘗於[[一九七六年]]八月,撰文《[[新聞週刊]]》,倡編氓宜有附指投財之途<ref>{{引網|著=Mihm, Stephen|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-09-06/how-index-funds-prevailed|題=How Index Funds Prevailed|出版=Bloomberg|日=2016-09-06}}</ref>。 是歲也,董事既允其議,柏氏乃立第一指數投資信託,即今之[[先鋒五百指數基金]]也<ref>{{引網|著=Culloton, Dan|址=http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749|題=A Brief History of Indexing|出版=Morningstar|日=2011-08-09|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202249/http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749}}</ref>。先是創指數之基者:[[波士頓]]有[[傑里米·格蘭瑟姆|格蘭瑟姆]]之巴特利馬區,[[芝加哥]]有[[雷克斯·辛克菲爾德|辛克菲爾德]]之美國國民銀行,[[舊金山|三藩]]有麥誇恩之[[富國銀行]]<ref>{{cite book|著=Fox, Justin|題=The myth of the rational market: a history of risk, reward, and delusion on Wall Street|出版=Harper Business|年=2011|isbn=978-0-06-059903-4}}</ref>。然其志皆在公署,其求悉歸富室;至若以匹夫為宗,廣布閭閻者,先鋒實啟其端。 初發之際,望募一億五千萬,止得一千一百萬而已<ref>{{引網|著=Bogle, John; Rafalaf, Andrew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm|題=A Wall Street Revolution|出版=Fortune|日=2002-10-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180207/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm}}</ref>。承銷諸行,勸罷其議;柏氏執守,弗從其言。時先鋒所有,惟柏氏與算士二人而已。基不予佣於經紀,商賈無以為售;分未博利於販夫,行家莫為之揚。所積甚遲,所成甚寡;歲未周年,資不踰一千七百萬。會威靈頓所轄一基,將與他基相併;柏氏因勢進言,說以歸於指數,資乃驟躍,近於一億焉<ref name=firstindex/><ref name=tooworried/>。出師雖蹇,胎息已具。 [[一九八二年]]而後,[[牛市|騰湧之勢]]既起,指數之術漸播,他家爭效。然彼之效者,索貲過昂,徒慕其形;費厚於利,反喪其本。 [[一九八四年]]十一月,與[[Primecap|先機]]合立先鋒先機之基<ref>{{引網|著=Norton, Leslie P.|址=https://www.barrons.com/articles/primecap-in-the-spotlight-1460174680|題=Primecap in the Spotlight|出版=Barron's|見=2023-08-19}}</ref>;[[一九八六年]]十二月,更創總債券指數之基<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=The Clash of the Cultures: Investment vs. Speculation|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9781118238219}}</ref>,編氓循指入債,自此始焉。或譏其止隨標普,所羅猶狹;[[一九八七年]]十二月,乃增立「擴展市場指數之基」,盡網標普以外,旁羅眾股之屬<ref>{{引網|址=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/quick-guide-vanguard-extended-market-130901563.html|題=Quick Guide to Vanguard Extended Market Index Investor Fund|出版=Yahoo Finance|日=2016-03-04}}</ref>。其後五載,紛立眾基:曰小盤,曰海外,曰總市;皆出散投之術,咸行省貲之政。 逮夫九十年代,所立愈繁,所事益博。先鋒五百與總市諸基,雄冠寰宇之上;先鋒一門,獨步共同之林<ref>{{Cite book|last=Godin|first=Seth|title=If You're Clueless about Mutual Funds and Want to Know More|publisher=Dearborn Financial Publishing|year=1997|pages=98|isbn=9780793125548}}</ref>。[[一九九五年]],[[約翰·內夫|內夫]]退隱於[[溫莎基金|溫莎之基]]。是基者,隸於先鋒;其擇股也,貴賤兼權;其取舍也,唯[[價值投資|價廉質美]]者取焉<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph|址=https://www.inquirer.com/business/john-neff-obituary-vanguard-windsor-funds-university-pennsylvania-endowment-fidelity-20190605.html|題=Brilliant stock picker John Neff, who ran Vanguard's Windsor Fund|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|日=2019-06-05}}</ref>。司事三十載,歲勝標普以百分之三,世推善理財者焉。 === 嬗替 === [[一九九九年]],柏氏屆懸車之年,依制退就[[名譽職|散秩]],由[[約翰·布倫南|布倫南]]繼之<ref>{{引網|著=Costello, Martine|址=https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/|題=Vanguard's Bogle retires|出版=CNN|日=1999-08-12|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180230/https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/}}</ref>。[[二〇〇八年]]二月,麥納布膺總裁之命;同歲八月,遂掌首席執事之印<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/22/vanguard-mcnabb-brennan-face-markets-cx_pm_0222autofacescan02.html|題=McNabb To Succeed Brennan at Vanguard|出版=Forbes|日=2008-02-22}}</ref>。柏氏既退,諸繼者廣業於指數之外,兼涉[[交易所交易基金|上市指數基金]]、操盤自決之基<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/index-funds/index-vs-active|題=Index funds vs. actively managed funds|出版=Vanguard|見=2020-05-19}}</ref>。柏氏於上市指數基金頗有所疑:其雖宜長線之持,恐害於買賣之差;雖便日中之交,又虞於朝暮之易<ref>{{引網|著=Benz, Christine|址=https://www.morningstar.com/articles/355645/bogle-buy-and-hold-dont-trade-etfs|題=Bogle: Buy and Hold, Don't Trade ETFs|出版=Morningstar|歲=2010}}</ref>。柏氏一生,倡守持之道,戒投機之習。門人拓業日廣,本心終始不渝。 [[二〇一七年]]五月,立基金平台於[[英國|不列顛]]<ref>{{引網|著=Ricketts, David|址=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/vanguard-goes-direct-to-man-on-the-street-in-new-price-war-20170516|題=Hargreaves hit as Vanguard goes direct to man on the street|出版=Financial News London|日=2017-05-16}}</ref>。同歲七月,公議以首席投資長[[蒂姆·巴克利|巴克利]]繼麥納布之任。[[二〇一八年]]正月就職,麥氏退居董事會之首<ref>{{引網|著=Smith, Peter|址=https://www.ft.com/content/646dd648-67d2-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614|題=Tim Buckley to succeed Bill McNabb as Vanguard chief|出版=Financial Times|日=2017-07-13}}</ref>。 [[二〇二〇年]],創機算問策之業,並植投資之部於[[中國]]<ref>{{引網|著=Wigglesworth, Robin; Henderson, Richard|址=https://www.ft.com/content/9414052a-3142-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de|題=Vanguard and the US financial system: too big to be healthy?|出版=Financial Times|日=2020-01-12}}</ref>。同歲十月,慮乎典制之嚴、人事之繁、贏取之薄,遂退還在華所管之資二百一十億美元於官資<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-09/vanguard-returns-21-billion-in-assets-to-china-s-state-funds|題=Vanguard Returns $21 Billion in Assets to China State Funds|出版=Bloomberg|日=2020-10-09}}</ref>。其後[[繁榮美國聯盟]]起而劾之,謂先鋒乃美元入華軍工與犯人權諸企之管道<ref>{{引網|著=Kynge, James; Sevastopulo, Demetri; Lockett, Hudson|址=https://www.ft.com/content/a37c6b7c-bec1-457b-8125-a3dbe2a8a275|題=Vanguard funds invest in China military groups, report says|出版=Financial Times|日=2023-10-12}}</ref>。 [[二〇二一年]]二月,始行碎股之計,編氓以一美元之微,亦得入上市指數基金之門<ref>{{引網|著=Lucchetti, Aaron|址=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB945730607441550739|題=E-Tailers Allow Buyers to Add Fund Investments to Carts|出版=The Wall Street Journal|日=1999-12-22}}</ref>。[[二〇二二年]]十一月,於[[澳洲]]立先鋒退休金之業<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.smh.com.au/money/super-and-retirement/us-giant-looks-to-shake-up-australia-s-3-3-trillion-super-sector-with-low-fee-products-20221110-p5bx76.html|題=Vanguard looks to shake up Australia's $3.3 trillion super sector with low-fee products|出版=The Sydney Morning Herald|日=2022-11-11}}</ref>。 [[二〇二四年]]五月,眾議延[[貝萊德]]宿將拉姆吉,繼巴克利為首席執事,七月蒞任<ref>{{引網|著=Brush, Silla|址=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vanguard-appoints-blackrock-veteran-salim-ramji-as-next-ceo-1.2073003|題=Vanguard Appoints BlackRock Veteran Salim Ramji as Next CEO|出版=BNN Bloomberg|日=2024-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Godbout, Ted|址=https://www.napa-net.org/news-info/daily-news/ramji-takes-helm-vanguard-ceo|題=Ramji Takes the Helm as Vanguard CEO|出版=National Association of Plan Advisors|日=2024-07-08}}</ref>。先鋒之大權,自此外姓掌之。 [[二〇二五年]],[[聯合國]]有書,臚資東之佐以戰[[加沙地帶|加沙]]者,先鋒在焉<ref>{{引網|著=Marsi, Federica|址=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/1/un-report-lists-companies-complicit-in-israels-genocide-who-are-they|題=UN report lists companies complicit in Israel's "genocide": Who are they?|出版=Al Jazeera|日=2025-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Borger, Julian|址=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/03/global-firms-profiting-israel-genocide-gaza-united-nations-rapporteur|題=Global firms 'profiting from genocide' in Gaza, says UN rapporteur|出版=The Guardian|日=2025-07-03}}</ref>。其所投之企,多以兵戎為助;[[卡特彼勒公司|卡特彼勒]]、[[雪佛龍]]、[[帕蘭提爾]]、[[洛克希德·馬丁]]、[[埃爾比特系統公司|埃爾比特]]之屬,並列其中<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mattei|first=Clara|title=Escape from Capitalism: An Intervention|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2026|pages=153|isbn=978-1668085141}}</ref>。 == 體制 == 夫先鋒之異於諸家者,蓋以本司為所管諸基金所有,而諸基金又為投資者所有<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph N.|址=https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/john-bogle-vanguard-scraps-plain-talk-no-profit-at-cost-20190207.html|題=Vanguard SEC Filings Drop 'At-Cost,' 'No Profit' Claims That Were Dear to Late Founder John Bogle|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|見=2019-10-04}}</ref>。故先鋒之真主,實在投資者,不在外閥也。利歸於民,不歸於閥;權出於眾,不出於私。其基金多分二等:曰「投資者股」,曰「上將股」。上將股取贏稍輕,入資較高,自三千及十萬美元而不等<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/admiral-shares|題=Admiral Shares Help Keep Your Costs Under Control|出版=Vanguard|日=2020-04-09}}</ref>。總部設於[[費城]]近郊瑪爾文,分號散布[[夏洛特 (北卡羅來納州)|夏洛特]]、[[達拉斯]]、[[華盛頓哥倫比亞特區|華府]]、[[斯科茨代爾]]諸地,旁及[[加拿大]]、[[澳大利亞]],東至[[亞細亞|亞洲]],西暨[[歐羅巴洲|歐陸]]<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.ft.com/content/74b8a59b-d596-46fa-83fd-e3702d057581|題=The Vanguard Group: Global Operations|出版=Financial Times|見=2025-12-13}}</ref>。 == 贊煙之譏 == [[二〇二一年]]三月,先鋒從七十餘理財諸司之約,誓所投諸企於[[二〇六〇年]]臻[[淨零排放|淨零之境]],與[[巴黎協定]]相應<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-investors-idUSKBN2BL0AX|題=Investors BlackRock, Vanguard join net zero effort|出版=Reuters|日=2021-03-29}}</ref>。然同歲所統之資中,仍有助[[化石燃料|煤油之產]]、變天時之常者;如智利之ENAP Sipetrol、[[中國石油天然氣集團公司|中國石油]]、Petroamazonas之屬,並列其中<ref name=":0">{{引網|著=Peterson, Laura|址=https://amazonwatch.org/assets/files/2021-investing-in-amazon-crude-ii.pdf|題=Investing in Amazon Crude II|出版=Amazon Watch|日=2021-06-01}}</ref>。 是歲,先鋒投煤業之資,至少八百六十億美元,居寰宇之首<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry|題=Groundbreaking Research Reveals the Financiers of the Coal Industry|出版=Urgewald e.V.|見=2022-09-03|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2025-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211072214/https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry}}</ref>;投[[亞馬遜雨林]]內石油諸企者,債二十六億,股九十六億焉<ref name=":0"/>。誓淨零於前,資煙煤於後;前言後行,相違遠甚,識者議焉。 == 兼查 == *[[共同基金]] *[[指數基金]] *[[交易所交易基金]] *[[貝萊德]] *[[道富集團]] *[[約翰柏格]] == 注釋 == {{reflist}} == 它典 == *[https://www.vanguard.com 先鋒集團] [[Category:美國史]] 0hndma4jqtc9tqxypojs7dxfe3807di 441448 441447 2026-05-28T02:07:04Z Itsmine 5 441448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''先鋒集團'''{{按|英語:'''The Vanguard Group, Inc.'''}},[[泰西]]投資之雄、寰宇指數之祖也。西元[[一九七五年]]五月朔,[[約翰柏格]]肇基於[[賓夕法尼亞州|賓州]]瑪爾文之地<ref name=AboutVang>{{引網|址=https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/corp/who-we-are/sets-us-apart/facts-and-figures.html|題=Fast Facts About Vanguard|出版=The Vanguard Group, Inc.|見=2025-04-12}}</ref>。創於受黜之餘,立於眾笑之中。歷四十餘載,統籌之資逾一十二兆[[美元]]。冠絕[[共同基金]]之林,亞於[[貝萊德]][[安碩]]之列<ref>{{引網|址=http://www.etf.com/sections/etf-league-tables.html|題=ETF League Tables|出版=ETF.com|見=2017-03-22}}</ref>。與貝萊德、[[道富集團|道富]]鼎峙,世號「指數三雄」<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bebchuk|first=Lucian|coauthors=Hirst, Scott|title=Index Funds and the Future of Corporate Governance: Theory, Evidence, and Policy|work=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=119|pages=2029–2146|year=2019|url=https://columbialawreview.org/content/index-funds-and-the-future-of-corporate-governance-theory-evidence-and-policy/}}</ref>。業兼理財治產之術,制秉眾主共有之奇。下啟編氓之門,上易[[華爾街]]之舊。取贏至輕,當世罕匹。 == 沿革 == === 肇始 === [[File:Photo of a John C. Bogle By Bill Cramer.jpg|thumb|約翰柏格於[[二〇〇七年]]]] 約翰柏格者,[[普林斯頓大學|普林斯頓]]之俊彥也。[[一九五一年]],撰學位之論,徧考基金之績<ref>{{引網|著=Armbruster, Mark|址=http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf|題=Comparing index mutual funds and active managers|出版=Rochester Business Journal|日=2016-10-14|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2017-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233525/http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf}}</ref>。乃悟主動之眾,多遜大盤之指;雖偶有勝出,亦為管費所噬<ref>{{引網|著=MacBride, Elizabeth|址=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/14/jack-bogle-follow-these-4-investing-rules-ignore-the-rest.html|題=Jack Bogle: Follow these 4 investing rules—ignore the rest|出版=CNBC|日=2015-10-14}}</ref>。指數之念,潛萌於少年之心;異日之機,已伏於蕘者之論。 既卒業,入[[威靈頓基金管理公司|威靈頓]]為僚<ref name=thinking>{{引網|著=Ferri, Rick|址=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rickferri/2014/02/10/what-was-john-bogle-thinking/|題=What Was John Bogle Thinking?|出版=Forbes|日=2014-02-10}}</ref>。由末僚而陞大員,自末席而躋上座。[[一九六七年]]膺總裁之命,[[一九七〇年]]握大計之權。然嘗主一併購,事敗於朝,謗興於野,[[一九七四年]]竟見黜逐<ref name=thinking/>。柏氏自陳曰:「斯舉之失,可恥而難恕;皆由童騃自負,不察事實所致。然非此一挫,則無先鋒之興也。」<ref>{{引網|著=Boyle, Matthew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm|題=Be prepared for a lot of bumps|出版=Fortune|日=2007-12-17|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2024-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820000655/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm}}</ref>知者謂之:厄為玉成,挫乃成之。 === 名起 === 柏氏既被斥,乃於威靈頓內闢別部以自立。會古版書賈遺以《[[大不列顛海戰圖譜]]》一卷。展卷至[[尼羅河口海戰]]之章,覩[[納爾遜]]率[[皇家海軍|皇家艦隊]],殲法艦於水陸之交。獨損巡防一艘,幾沉敵之全師<ref>{{引網|著=Reklaitis, Victor|址=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-things-you-dont-know-about-vanguard-2014-10-31|題=5 things you don't know about Vanguard|出版=MarketWatch|日=2014-12-22}}</ref>。柏氏感其捷,乃取納爾遜旗艦之名「先鋒」{{按|HMS ''Vanguard''}}以名其業<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2015|pages=224|isbn=978-1-119-08836-3}}</ref>。威靈頓諸老初有難色。柏氏告以「Vanguard」與「Wellington」於字典之中相鄰,可並陳而列之,諸老乃首肯之<ref name=firstindex>{{引網|址=http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf|題=Lightning Strikes: The Creation of Vanguard, the First Index Mutual Fund, and the Revolution It Spawned|出版=Bogle Financial Markets Research Center|日=1997-04-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140626/http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf}}</ref>。名雖偶得,義實前驅。 === 草創 === 威靈頓諸老,禁先鋒於諮議,杜柏氏於管理<ref name=firstindex/>。柏氏審時度勢,因利乘便;思立循指之基,欲附標普之驥<ref name=tooworried>{{引網|著=Sommer, Jeff|址=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/business/john-bogle-vanguards-founder-is-too-worried-to-rest.html|題=A Mutual Fund Master, Too Worried to Rest|出版=The New York Times|日=2012-08-11}}</ref>。又有後膺[[諾貝爾經濟學獎]]之[[薩繆爾森]]者,慨然相援;嘗於[[一九七六年]]八月,撰文《[[新聞週刊]]》,倡編氓宜有附指投財之途<ref>{{引網|著=Mihm, Stephen|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-09-06/how-index-funds-prevailed|題=How Index Funds Prevailed|出版=Bloomberg|日=2016-09-06}}</ref>。 是歲也,董事既允其議,柏氏乃立第一指數投資信託,即今之[[先鋒五百指數基金]]也<ref>{{引網|著=Culloton, Dan|址=http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749|題=A Brief History of Indexing|出版=Morningstar|日=2011-08-09|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202249/http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749}}</ref>。先是創指數之基者:[[波士頓]]有[[傑里米·格蘭瑟姆|格蘭瑟姆]]之巴特利馬區,[[芝加哥]]有[[雷克斯·辛克菲爾德|辛克菲爾德]]之美國國民銀行,[[舊金山|三藩]]有麥誇恩之[[富國銀行]]<ref>{{cite book|著=Fox, Justin|題=The myth of the rational market: a history of risk, reward, and delusion on Wall Street|出版=Harper Business|年=2011|isbn=978-0-06-059903-4}}</ref>。然其志皆在公署,其求悉歸富室;至若以匹夫為宗,廣布閭閻者,先鋒實啟其端。 初發之際,望募一億五千萬,止得一千一百萬而已<ref>{{引網|著=Bogle, John; Rafalaf, Andrew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm|題=A Wall Street Revolution|出版=Fortune|日=2002-10-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180207/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm}}</ref>。承銷諸行,勸罷其議;柏氏執守,弗從其言。時先鋒所有,惟柏氏與算士二人而已。基不予佣於經紀,商賈無以為售;分未博利於販夫,行家莫為之揚。所積甚遲,所成甚寡;歲未周年,資不踰一千七百萬。會威靈頓所轄一基,將與他基相併;柏氏因勢進言,說以歸於指數,資乃驟躍,近於一億焉<ref name=firstindex/><ref name=tooworried/>。出師雖蹇,胎息已具。 === 拓業 === [[一九八二年]]而後,[[牛市|騰湧之勢]]既起,指數之術漸播,他家爭效。然彼之效者,索貲過昂,徒慕其形;費厚於利,反喪其本。 [[一九八四年]]十一月,與[[Primecap|先機]]合立先鋒先機之基<ref>{{引網|著=Norton, Leslie P.|址=https://www.barrons.com/articles/primecap-in-the-spotlight-1460174680|題=Primecap in the Spotlight|出版=Barron's|見=2023-08-19}}</ref>;[[一九八六年]]十二月,更創總債券指數之基<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=The Clash of the Cultures: Investment vs. Speculation|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9781118238219}}</ref>,編氓循指入債,自此始焉。或譏其止隨標普,所羅猶狹;[[一九八七年]]十二月,乃增立「擴展市場指數之基」,盡網標普以外,旁羅眾股之屬<ref>{{引網|址=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/quick-guide-vanguard-extended-market-130901563.html|題=Quick Guide to Vanguard Extended Market Index Investor Fund|出版=Yahoo Finance|日=2016-03-04}}</ref>。其後五載,紛立眾基:曰小盤,曰海外,曰總市;皆出散投之術,咸行省貲之政。 逮夫九十年代,所立愈繁,所事益博。先鋒五百與總市諸基,雄冠寰宇之上;先鋒一門,獨步共同之林<ref>{{Cite book|last=Godin|first=Seth|title=If You're Clueless about Mutual Funds and Want to Know More|publisher=Dearborn Financial Publishing|year=1997|pages=98|isbn=9780793125548}}</ref>。[[一九九五年]],[[約翰·內夫|內夫]]退隱於[[溫莎基金|溫莎之基]]。是基者,隸於先鋒;其擇股也,貴賤兼權;其取舍也,唯[[價值投資|價廉質美]]者取焉<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph|址=https://www.inquirer.com/business/john-neff-obituary-vanguard-windsor-funds-university-pennsylvania-endowment-fidelity-20190605.html|題=Brilliant stock picker John Neff, who ran Vanguard's Windsor Fund|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|日=2019-06-05}}</ref>。司事三十載,歲勝標普以百分之三,世推善理財者焉。 === 嬗替 === [[一九九九年]],柏氏屆懸車之年,依制退就[[名譽職|散秩]],由[[約翰·布倫南|布倫南]]繼之<ref>{{引網|著=Costello, Martine|址=https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/|題=Vanguard's Bogle retires|出版=CNN|日=1999-08-12|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180230/https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/}}</ref>。[[二〇〇八年]]二月,麥納布膺總裁之命;同歲八月,遂掌首席執事之印<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/22/vanguard-mcnabb-brennan-face-markets-cx_pm_0222autofacescan02.html|題=McNabb To Succeed Brennan at Vanguard|出版=Forbes|日=2008-02-22}}</ref>。柏氏既退,諸繼者廣業於指數之外,兼涉[[交易所交易基金|上市指數基金]]、操盤自決之基<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/index-funds/index-vs-active|題=Index funds vs. actively managed funds|出版=Vanguard|見=2020-05-19}}</ref>。柏氏於上市指數基金頗有所疑:其雖宜長線之持,恐害於買賣之差;雖便日中之交,又虞於朝暮之易<ref>{{引網|著=Benz, Christine|址=https://www.morningstar.com/articles/355645/bogle-buy-and-hold-dont-trade-etfs|題=Bogle: Buy and Hold, Don't Trade ETFs|出版=Morningstar|歲=2010}}</ref>。柏氏一生,倡守持之道,戒投機之習。門人拓業日廣,本心終始不渝。 [[二〇一七年]]五月,立基金平台於[[英國|不列顛]]<ref>{{引網|著=Ricketts, David|址=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/vanguard-goes-direct-to-man-on-the-street-in-new-price-war-20170516|題=Hargreaves hit as Vanguard goes direct to man on the street|出版=Financial News London|日=2017-05-16}}</ref>。同歲七月,公議以首席投資長[[蒂姆·巴克利|巴克利]]繼麥納布之任。[[二〇一八年]]正月就職,麥氏退居董事會之首<ref>{{引網|著=Smith, Peter|址=https://www.ft.com/content/646dd648-67d2-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614|題=Tim Buckley to succeed Bill McNabb as Vanguard chief|出版=Financial Times|日=2017-07-13}}</ref>。 [[二〇二〇年]],創機算問策之業,並植投資之部於[[中國]]<ref>{{引網|著=Wigglesworth, Robin; Henderson, Richard|址=https://www.ft.com/content/9414052a-3142-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de|題=Vanguard and the US financial system: too big to be healthy?|出版=Financial Times|日=2020-01-12}}</ref>。同歲十月,慮乎典制之嚴、人事之繁、贏取之薄,遂退還在華所管之資二百一十億美元於官資<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-09/vanguard-returns-21-billion-in-assets-to-china-s-state-funds|題=Vanguard Returns $21 Billion in Assets to China State Funds|出版=Bloomberg|日=2020-10-09}}</ref>。其後[[繁榮美國聯盟]]起而劾之,謂先鋒乃美元入華軍工與犯人權諸企之管道<ref>{{引網|著=Kynge, James; Sevastopulo, Demetri; Lockett, Hudson|址=https://www.ft.com/content/a37c6b7c-bec1-457b-8125-a3dbe2a8a275|題=Vanguard funds invest in China military groups, report says|出版=Financial Times|日=2023-10-12}}</ref>。 [[二〇二一年]]二月,始行碎股之計,編氓以一美元之微,亦得入上市指數基金之門<ref>{{引網|著=Lucchetti, Aaron|址=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB945730607441550739|題=E-Tailers Allow Buyers to Add Fund Investments to Carts|出版=The Wall Street Journal|日=1999-12-22}}</ref>。[[二〇二二年]]十一月,於[[澳洲]]立先鋒退休金之業<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.smh.com.au/money/super-and-retirement/us-giant-looks-to-shake-up-australia-s-3-3-trillion-super-sector-with-low-fee-products-20221110-p5bx76.html|題=Vanguard looks to shake up Australia's $3.3 trillion super sector with low-fee products|出版=The Sydney Morning Herald|日=2022-11-11}}</ref>。 [[二〇二四年]]五月,眾議延[[貝萊德]]宿將拉姆吉,繼巴克利為首席執事,七月蒞任<ref>{{引網|著=Brush, Silla|址=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vanguard-appoints-blackrock-veteran-salim-ramji-as-next-ceo-1.2073003|題=Vanguard Appoints BlackRock Veteran Salim Ramji as Next CEO|出版=BNN Bloomberg|日=2024-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Godbout, Ted|址=https://www.napa-net.org/news-info/daily-news/ramji-takes-helm-vanguard-ceo|題=Ramji Takes the Helm as Vanguard CEO|出版=National Association of Plan Advisors|日=2024-07-08}}</ref>。先鋒之大權,自此外姓掌之。 [[二〇二五年]],[[聯合國]]有書,臚資東之佐以戰[[加沙地帶|加沙]]者,先鋒在焉<ref>{{引網|著=Marsi, Federica|址=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/1/un-report-lists-companies-complicit-in-israels-genocide-who-are-they|題=UN report lists companies complicit in Israel's "genocide": Who are they?|出版=Al Jazeera|日=2025-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Borger, Julian|址=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/03/global-firms-profiting-israel-genocide-gaza-united-nations-rapporteur|題=Global firms 'profiting from genocide' in Gaza, says UN rapporteur|出版=The Guardian|日=2025-07-03}}</ref>。其所投之企,多以兵戎為助;[[卡特彼勒公司|卡特彼勒]]、[[雪佛龍]]、[[帕蘭提爾]]、[[洛克希德·馬丁]]、[[埃爾比特系統公司|埃爾比特]]之屬,並列其中<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mattei|first=Clara|title=Escape from Capitalism: An Intervention|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2026|pages=153|isbn=978-1668085141}}</ref>。 == 體制 == 夫先鋒之異於諸家者,蓋以本司為所管諸基金所有,而諸基金又為投資者所有<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph N.|址=https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/john-bogle-vanguard-scraps-plain-talk-no-profit-at-cost-20190207.html|題=Vanguard SEC Filings Drop 'At-Cost,' 'No Profit' Claims That Were Dear to Late Founder John Bogle|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|見=2019-10-04}}</ref>。故先鋒之真主,實在投資者,不在外閥也。利歸於民,不歸於閥;權出於眾,不出於私。其基金多分二等:曰「投資者股」,曰「上將股」。上將股取贏稍輕,入資較高,自三千及十萬美元而不等<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/admiral-shares|題=Admiral Shares Help Keep Your Costs Under Control|出版=Vanguard|日=2020-04-09}}</ref>。總部設於[[費城]]近郊瑪爾文,分號散布[[夏洛特 (北卡羅來納州)|夏洛特]]、[[達拉斯]]、[[華盛頓哥倫比亞特區|華府]]、[[斯科茨代爾]]諸地,旁及[[加拿大]]、[[澳大利亞]],東至[[亞細亞|亞洲]],西暨[[歐羅巴洲|歐陸]]<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.ft.com/content/74b8a59b-d596-46fa-83fd-e3702d057581|題=The Vanguard Group: Global Operations|出版=Financial Times|見=2025-12-13}}</ref>。 == 贊煙之譏 == [[二〇二一年]]三月,先鋒從七十餘理財諸司之約,誓所投諸企於[[二〇六〇年]]臻[[淨零排放|淨零之境]],與[[巴黎協定]]相應<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-investors-idUSKBN2BL0AX|題=Investors BlackRock, Vanguard join net zero effort|出版=Reuters|日=2021-03-29}}</ref>。然同歲所統之資中,仍有助[[化石燃料|煤油之產]]、變天時之常者;如智利之ENAP Sipetrol、[[中國石油天然氣集團公司|中國石油]]、Petroamazonas之屬,並列其中<ref name=":0">{{引網|著=Peterson, Laura|址=https://amazonwatch.org/assets/files/2021-investing-in-amazon-crude-ii.pdf|題=Investing in Amazon Crude II|出版=Amazon Watch|日=2021-06-01}}</ref>。 是歲,先鋒投煤業之資,至少八百六十億美元,居寰宇之首<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry|題=Groundbreaking Research Reveals the Financiers of the Coal Industry|出版=Urgewald e.V.|見=2022-09-03|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2025-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211072214/https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry}}</ref>;投[[亞馬遜雨林]]內石油諸企者,債二十六億,股九十六億焉<ref name=":0"/>。誓淨零於前,資煙煤於後;前言後行,相違遠甚,識者議焉。 == 兼查 == *[[共同基金]] *[[指數基金]] *[[交易所交易基金]] *[[貝萊德]] *[[道富集團]] *[[約翰柏格]] == 注釋 == {{reflist}} == 它典 == *[https://www.vanguard.com 先鋒集團] [[Category:美國史]] s6vfimrh6mh55ejmoznbm9drpgbwdks 441449 441448 2026-05-28T02:11:34Z Itsmine 5 /* 贊煙之譏 */ 441449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''先鋒集團'''{{按|英語:'''The Vanguard Group, Inc.'''}},[[泰西]]投資之雄、寰宇指數之祖也。西元[[一九七五年]]五月朔,[[約翰柏格]]肇基於[[賓夕法尼亞州|賓州]]瑪爾文之地<ref name=AboutVang>{{引網|址=https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/corp/who-we-are/sets-us-apart/facts-and-figures.html|題=Fast Facts About Vanguard|出版=The Vanguard Group, Inc.|見=2025-04-12}}</ref>。創於受黜之餘,立於眾笑之中。歷四十餘載,統籌之資逾一十二兆[[美元]]。冠絕[[共同基金]]之林,亞於[[貝萊德]][[安碩]]之列<ref>{{引網|址=http://www.etf.com/sections/etf-league-tables.html|題=ETF League Tables|出版=ETF.com|見=2017-03-22}}</ref>。與貝萊德、[[道富集團|道富]]鼎峙,世號「指數三雄」<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bebchuk|first=Lucian|coauthors=Hirst, Scott|title=Index Funds and the Future of Corporate Governance: Theory, Evidence, and Policy|work=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=119|pages=2029–2146|year=2019|url=https://columbialawreview.org/content/index-funds-and-the-future-of-corporate-governance-theory-evidence-and-policy/}}</ref>。業兼理財治產之術,制秉眾主共有之奇。下啟編氓之門,上易[[華爾街]]之舊。取贏至輕,當世罕匹。 == 沿革 == === 肇始 === [[File:Photo of a John C. Bogle By Bill Cramer.jpg|thumb|約翰柏格於[[二〇〇七年]]]] 約翰柏格者,[[普林斯頓大學|普林斯頓]]之俊彥也。[[一九五一年]],撰學位之論,徧考基金之績<ref>{{引網|著=Armbruster, Mark|址=http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf|題=Comparing index mutual funds and active managers|出版=Rochester Business Journal|日=2016-10-14|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2017-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233525/http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf}}</ref>。乃悟主動之眾,多遜大盤之指;雖偶有勝出,亦為管費所噬<ref>{{引網|著=MacBride, Elizabeth|址=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/14/jack-bogle-follow-these-4-investing-rules-ignore-the-rest.html|題=Jack Bogle: Follow these 4 investing rules—ignore the rest|出版=CNBC|日=2015-10-14}}</ref>。指數之念,潛萌於少年之心;異日之機,已伏於蕘者之論。 既卒業,入[[威靈頓基金管理公司|威靈頓]]為僚<ref name=thinking>{{引網|著=Ferri, Rick|址=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rickferri/2014/02/10/what-was-john-bogle-thinking/|題=What Was John Bogle Thinking?|出版=Forbes|日=2014-02-10}}</ref>。由末僚而陞大員,自末席而躋上座。[[一九六七年]]膺總裁之命,[[一九七〇年]]握大計之權。然嘗主一併購,事敗於朝,謗興於野,[[一九七四年]]竟見黜逐<ref name=thinking/>。柏氏自陳曰:「斯舉之失,可恥而難恕;皆由童騃自負,不察事實所致。然非此一挫,則無先鋒之興也。」<ref>{{引網|著=Boyle, Matthew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm|題=Be prepared for a lot of bumps|出版=Fortune|日=2007-12-17|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2024-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820000655/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm}}</ref>知者謂之:厄為玉成,挫乃成之。 === 名起 === 柏氏既被斥,乃於威靈頓內闢別部以自立。會古版書賈遺以《[[大不列顛海戰圖譜]]》一卷。展卷至[[尼羅河口海戰]]之章,覩[[納爾遜]]率[[皇家海軍|皇家艦隊]],殲法艦於水陸之交。獨損巡防一艘,幾沉敵之全師<ref>{{引網|著=Reklaitis, Victor|址=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-things-you-dont-know-about-vanguard-2014-10-31|題=5 things you don't know about Vanguard|出版=MarketWatch|日=2014-12-22}}</ref>。柏氏感其捷,乃取納爾遜旗艦之名「先鋒」{{按|HMS ''Vanguard''}}以名其業<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2015|pages=224|isbn=978-1-119-08836-3}}</ref>。威靈頓諸老初有難色。柏氏告以「Vanguard」與「Wellington」於字典之中相鄰,可並陳而列之,諸老乃首肯之<ref name=firstindex>{{引網|址=http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf|題=Lightning Strikes: The Creation of Vanguard, the First Index Mutual Fund, and the Revolution It Spawned|出版=Bogle Financial Markets Research Center|日=1997-04-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140626/http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf}}</ref>。名雖偶得,義實前驅。 === 草創 === 威靈頓諸老,禁先鋒於諮議,杜柏氏於管理<ref name=firstindex/>。柏氏審時度勢,因利乘便;思立循指之基,欲附標普之驥<ref name=tooworried>{{引網|著=Sommer, Jeff|址=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/business/john-bogle-vanguards-founder-is-too-worried-to-rest.html|題=A Mutual Fund Master, Too Worried to Rest|出版=The New York Times|日=2012-08-11}}</ref>。又有後膺[[諾貝爾經濟學獎]]之[[薩繆爾森]]者,慨然相援;嘗於[[一九七六年]]八月,撰文《[[新聞週刊]]》,倡編氓宜有附指投財之途<ref>{{引網|著=Mihm, Stephen|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-09-06/how-index-funds-prevailed|題=How Index Funds Prevailed|出版=Bloomberg|日=2016-09-06}}</ref>。 是歲也,董事既允其議,柏氏乃立第一指數投資信託,即今之[[先鋒五百指數基金]]也<ref>{{引網|著=Culloton, Dan|址=http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749|題=A Brief History of Indexing|出版=Morningstar|日=2011-08-09|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202249/http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749}}</ref>。先是創指數之基者:[[波士頓]]有[[傑里米·格蘭瑟姆|格蘭瑟姆]]之巴特利馬區,[[芝加哥]]有[[雷克斯·辛克菲爾德|辛克菲爾德]]之美國國民銀行,[[舊金山|三藩]]有麥誇恩之[[富國銀行]]<ref>{{cite book|著=Fox, Justin|題=The myth of the rational market: a history of risk, reward, and delusion on Wall Street|出版=Harper Business|年=2011|isbn=978-0-06-059903-4}}</ref>。然其志皆在公署,其求悉歸富室;至若以匹夫為宗,廣布閭閻者,先鋒實啟其端。 初發之際,望募一億五千萬,止得一千一百萬而已<ref>{{引網|著=Bogle, John; Rafalaf, Andrew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm|題=A Wall Street Revolution|出版=Fortune|日=2002-10-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180207/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm}}</ref>。承銷諸行,勸罷其議;柏氏執守,弗從其言。時先鋒所有,惟柏氏與算士二人而已。基不予佣於經紀,商賈無以為售;分未博利於販夫,行家莫為之揚。所積甚遲,所成甚寡;歲未周年,資不踰一千七百萬。會威靈頓所轄一基,將與他基相併;柏氏因勢進言,說以歸於指數,資乃驟躍,近於一億焉<ref name=firstindex/><ref name=tooworried/>。出師雖蹇,胎息已具。 === 拓業 === [[一九八二年]]而後,[[牛市|騰湧之勢]]既起,指數之術漸播,他家爭效。然彼之效者,索貲過昂,徒慕其形;費厚於利,反喪其本。 [[一九八四年]]十一月,與[[Primecap|先機]]合立先鋒先機之基<ref>{{引網|著=Norton, Leslie P.|址=https://www.barrons.com/articles/primecap-in-the-spotlight-1460174680|題=Primecap in the Spotlight|出版=Barron's|見=2023-08-19}}</ref>;[[一九八六年]]十二月,更創總債券指數之基<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=The Clash of the Cultures: Investment vs. Speculation|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9781118238219}}</ref>,編氓循指入債,自此始焉。或譏其止隨標普,所羅猶狹;[[一九八七年]]十二月,乃增立「擴展市場指數之基」,盡網標普以外,旁羅眾股之屬<ref>{{引網|址=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/quick-guide-vanguard-extended-market-130901563.html|題=Quick Guide to Vanguard Extended Market Index Investor Fund|出版=Yahoo Finance|日=2016-03-04}}</ref>。其後五載,紛立眾基:曰小盤,曰海外,曰總市;皆出散投之術,咸行省貲之政。 逮夫九十年代,所立愈繁,所事益博。先鋒五百與總市諸基,雄冠寰宇之上;先鋒一門,獨步共同之林<ref>{{Cite book|last=Godin|first=Seth|title=If You're Clueless about Mutual Funds and Want to Know More|publisher=Dearborn Financial Publishing|year=1997|pages=98|isbn=9780793125548}}</ref>。[[一九九五年]],[[約翰·內夫|內夫]]退隱於[[溫莎基金|溫莎之基]]。是基者,隸於先鋒;其擇股也,貴賤兼權;其取舍也,唯[[價值投資|價廉質美]]者取焉<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph|址=https://www.inquirer.com/business/john-neff-obituary-vanguard-windsor-funds-university-pennsylvania-endowment-fidelity-20190605.html|題=Brilliant stock picker John Neff, who ran Vanguard's Windsor Fund|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|日=2019-06-05}}</ref>。司事三十載,歲勝標普以百分之三,世推善理財者焉。 === 嬗替 === [[一九九九年]],柏氏屆懸車之年,依制退就[[名譽職|散秩]],由[[約翰·布倫南|布倫南]]繼之<ref>{{引網|著=Costello, Martine|址=https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/|題=Vanguard's Bogle retires|出版=CNN|日=1999-08-12|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180230/https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/}}</ref>。[[二〇〇八年]]二月,麥納布膺總裁之命;同歲八月,遂掌首席執事之印<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/22/vanguard-mcnabb-brennan-face-markets-cx_pm_0222autofacescan02.html|題=McNabb To Succeed Brennan at Vanguard|出版=Forbes|日=2008-02-22}}</ref>。柏氏既退,諸繼者廣業於指數之外,兼涉[[交易所交易基金|上市指數基金]]、操盤自決之基<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/index-funds/index-vs-active|題=Index funds vs. actively managed funds|出版=Vanguard|見=2020-05-19}}</ref>。柏氏於上市指數基金頗有所疑:其雖宜長線之持,恐害於買賣之差;雖便日中之交,又虞於朝暮之易<ref>{{引網|著=Benz, Christine|址=https://www.morningstar.com/articles/355645/bogle-buy-and-hold-dont-trade-etfs|題=Bogle: Buy and Hold, Don't Trade ETFs|出版=Morningstar|歲=2010}}</ref>。柏氏一生,倡守持之道,戒投機之習。門人拓業日廣,本心終始不渝。 [[二〇一七年]]五月,立基金平台於[[英國|不列顛]]<ref>{{引網|著=Ricketts, David|址=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/vanguard-goes-direct-to-man-on-the-street-in-new-price-war-20170516|題=Hargreaves hit as Vanguard goes direct to man on the street|出版=Financial News London|日=2017-05-16}}</ref>。同歲七月,公議以首席投資長[[蒂姆·巴克利|巴克利]]繼麥納布之任。[[二〇一八年]]正月就職,麥氏退居董事會之首<ref>{{引網|著=Smith, Peter|址=https://www.ft.com/content/646dd648-67d2-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614|題=Tim Buckley to succeed Bill McNabb as Vanguard chief|出版=Financial Times|日=2017-07-13}}</ref>。 [[二〇二〇年]],創機算問策之業,並植投資之部於[[中國]]<ref>{{引網|著=Wigglesworth, Robin; Henderson, Richard|址=https://www.ft.com/content/9414052a-3142-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de|題=Vanguard and the US financial system: too big to be healthy?|出版=Financial Times|日=2020-01-12}}</ref>。同歲十月,慮乎典制之嚴、人事之繁、贏取之薄,遂退還在華所管之資二百一十億美元於官資<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-09/vanguard-returns-21-billion-in-assets-to-china-s-state-funds|題=Vanguard Returns $21 Billion in Assets to China State Funds|出版=Bloomberg|日=2020-10-09}}</ref>。其後[[繁榮美國聯盟]]起而劾之,謂先鋒乃美元入華軍工與犯人權諸企之管道<ref>{{引網|著=Kynge, James; Sevastopulo, Demetri; Lockett, Hudson|址=https://www.ft.com/content/a37c6b7c-bec1-457b-8125-a3dbe2a8a275|題=Vanguard funds invest in China military groups, report says|出版=Financial Times|日=2023-10-12}}</ref>。 [[二〇二一年]]二月,始行碎股之計,編氓以一美元之微,亦得入上市指數基金之門<ref>{{引網|著=Lucchetti, Aaron|址=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB945730607441550739|題=E-Tailers Allow Buyers to Add Fund Investments to Carts|出版=The Wall Street Journal|日=1999-12-22}}</ref>。[[二〇二二年]]十一月,於[[澳洲]]立先鋒退休金之業<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.smh.com.au/money/super-and-retirement/us-giant-looks-to-shake-up-australia-s-3-3-trillion-super-sector-with-low-fee-products-20221110-p5bx76.html|題=Vanguard looks to shake up Australia's $3.3 trillion super sector with low-fee products|出版=The Sydney Morning Herald|日=2022-11-11}}</ref>。 [[二〇二四年]]五月,眾議延[[貝萊德]]宿將拉姆吉,繼巴克利為首席執事,七月蒞任<ref>{{引網|著=Brush, Silla|址=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vanguard-appoints-blackrock-veteran-salim-ramji-as-next-ceo-1.2073003|題=Vanguard Appoints BlackRock Veteran Salim Ramji as Next CEO|出版=BNN Bloomberg|日=2024-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Godbout, Ted|址=https://www.napa-net.org/news-info/daily-news/ramji-takes-helm-vanguard-ceo|題=Ramji Takes the Helm as Vanguard CEO|出版=National Association of Plan Advisors|日=2024-07-08}}</ref>。先鋒之大權,自此外姓掌之。 [[二〇二五年]],[[聯合國]]有書,臚資東之佐以戰[[加沙地帶|加沙]]者,先鋒在焉<ref>{{引網|著=Marsi, Federica|址=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/1/un-report-lists-companies-complicit-in-israels-genocide-who-are-they|題=UN report lists companies complicit in Israel's "genocide": Who are they?|出版=Al Jazeera|日=2025-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Borger, Julian|址=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/03/global-firms-profiting-israel-genocide-gaza-united-nations-rapporteur|題=Global firms 'profiting from genocide' in Gaza, says UN rapporteur|出版=The Guardian|日=2025-07-03}}</ref>。其所投之企,多以兵戎為助;[[卡特彼勒公司|卡特彼勒]]、[[雪佛龍]]、[[帕蘭提爾]]、[[洛克希德·馬丁]]、[[埃爾比特系統公司|埃爾比特]]之屬,並列其中<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mattei|first=Clara|title=Escape from Capitalism: An Intervention|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2026|pages=153|isbn=978-1668085141}}</ref>。 == 體制 == 夫先鋒之異於諸家者,蓋以本司為所管諸基金所有,而諸基金又為投資者所有<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph N.|址=https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/john-bogle-vanguard-scraps-plain-talk-no-profit-at-cost-20190207.html|題=Vanguard SEC Filings Drop 'At-Cost,' 'No Profit' Claims That Were Dear to Late Founder John Bogle|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|見=2019-10-04}}</ref>。故先鋒之真主,實在投資者,不在外閥也。利歸於民,不歸於閥;權出於眾,不出於私。其基金多分二等:曰「投資者股」,曰「上將股」。上將股取贏稍輕,入資較高,自三千及十萬美元而不等<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/admiral-shares|題=Admiral Shares Help Keep Your Costs Under Control|出版=Vanguard|日=2020-04-09}}</ref>。總部設於[[費城]]近郊瑪爾文,分號散布[[夏洛特 (北卡羅來納州)|夏洛特]]、[[達拉斯]]、[[華盛頓哥倫比亞特區|華府]]、[[斯科茨代爾]]諸地,旁及[[加拿大]]、[[澳大利亞]],東至[[亞細亞|亞洲]],西暨[[歐羅巴洲|歐陸]]<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.ft.com/content/74b8a59b-d596-46fa-83fd-e3702d057581|題=The Vanguard Group: Global Operations|出版=Financial Times|見=2025-12-13}}</ref>。 == 贊煙之譏 == [[二〇二一年]]三月,先鋒結理財諸司七十餘家之盟,誓所投眾企於[[二〇六〇年]]臻[[淨零排放|淨零之境]],遙與[[巴黎協定]]相應<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-investors-idUSKBN2BL0AX|題=Investors BlackRock, Vanguard join net zero effort|出版=Reuters|日=2021-03-29}}</ref>。 然同歲所統之資,多沃[[化石燃料|煤油之產]],益亂天時之常;智利之[[ENAP Sipetrol|國油]]、[[中國石油天然氣集團公司|中國石油]]、厄瓜多之[[Petroamazonas|亞馬油]]之屬,皆列其中<ref name=":0">{{引網|著=Peterson, Laura|址=https://amazonwatch.org/assets/files/2021-investing-in-amazon-crude-ii.pdf|題=Investing in Amazon Crude II|出版=Amazon Watch|日=2021-06-01}}</ref>。 是歲也,投煤業之金,至少八百六十億美元,雄冠寰宇<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry|題=Groundbreaking Research Reveals the Financiers of the Coal Industry|出版=Urgewald e.V.|見=2022-09-03|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2025-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211072214/https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry}}</ref>;資[[亞馬遜雨林]]油企之數,債則二十六億,股則九十六億焉<ref name=":0"/>。誓淨零於前,資煙煤於後;前言後行,乖違遠甚,識者譏焉。 == 兼查 == *[[共同基金]] *[[指數基金]] *[[交易所交易基金]] *[[貝萊德]] *[[道富集團]] *[[約翰柏格]] == 注釋 == {{reflist}} == 它典 == *[https://www.vanguard.com 先鋒集團] [[Category:美國史]] te3gfkvyd9iebp90qpeonsj8d9ueg9c 441450 441449 2026-05-28T02:12:00Z Itsmine 5 /* 贊煙之譏 */ 441450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''先鋒集團'''{{按|英語:'''The Vanguard Group, Inc.'''}},[[泰西]]投資之雄、寰宇指數之祖也。西元[[一九七五年]]五月朔,[[約翰柏格]]肇基於[[賓夕法尼亞州|賓州]]瑪爾文之地<ref name=AboutVang>{{引網|址=https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/corp/who-we-are/sets-us-apart/facts-and-figures.html|題=Fast Facts About Vanguard|出版=The Vanguard Group, Inc.|見=2025-04-12}}</ref>。創於受黜之餘,立於眾笑之中。歷四十餘載,統籌之資逾一十二兆[[美元]]。冠絕[[共同基金]]之林,亞於[[貝萊德]][[安碩]]之列<ref>{{引網|址=http://www.etf.com/sections/etf-league-tables.html|題=ETF League Tables|出版=ETF.com|見=2017-03-22}}</ref>。與貝萊德、[[道富集團|道富]]鼎峙,世號「指數三雄」<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bebchuk|first=Lucian|coauthors=Hirst, Scott|title=Index Funds and the Future of Corporate Governance: Theory, Evidence, and Policy|work=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=119|pages=2029–2146|year=2019|url=https://columbialawreview.org/content/index-funds-and-the-future-of-corporate-governance-theory-evidence-and-policy/}}</ref>。業兼理財治產之術,制秉眾主共有之奇。下啟編氓之門,上易[[華爾街]]之舊。取贏至輕,當世罕匹。 == 沿革 == === 肇始 === [[File:Photo of a John C. Bogle By Bill Cramer.jpg|thumb|約翰柏格於[[二〇〇七年]]]] 約翰柏格者,[[普林斯頓大學|普林斯頓]]之俊彥也。[[一九五一年]],撰學位之論,徧考基金之績<ref>{{引網|著=Armbruster, Mark|址=http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf|題=Comparing index mutual funds and active managers|出版=Rochester Business Journal|日=2016-10-14|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2017-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233525/http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf}}</ref>。乃悟主動之眾,多遜大盤之指;雖偶有勝出,亦為管費所噬<ref>{{引網|著=MacBride, Elizabeth|址=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/14/jack-bogle-follow-these-4-investing-rules-ignore-the-rest.html|題=Jack Bogle: Follow these 4 investing rules—ignore the rest|出版=CNBC|日=2015-10-14}}</ref>。指數之念,潛萌於少年之心;異日之機,已伏於蕘者之論。 既卒業,入[[威靈頓基金管理公司|威靈頓]]為僚<ref name=thinking>{{引網|著=Ferri, Rick|址=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rickferri/2014/02/10/what-was-john-bogle-thinking/|題=What Was John Bogle Thinking?|出版=Forbes|日=2014-02-10}}</ref>。由末僚而陞大員,自末席而躋上座。[[一九六七年]]膺總裁之命,[[一九七〇年]]握大計之權。然嘗主一併購,事敗於朝,謗興於野,[[一九七四年]]竟見黜逐<ref name=thinking/>。柏氏自陳曰:「斯舉之失,可恥而難恕;皆由童騃自負,不察事實所致。然非此一挫,則無先鋒之興也。」<ref>{{引網|著=Boyle, Matthew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm|題=Be prepared for a lot of bumps|出版=Fortune|日=2007-12-17|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2024-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820000655/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm}}</ref>知者謂之:厄為玉成,挫乃成之。 === 名起 === 柏氏既被斥,乃於威靈頓內闢別部以自立。會古版書賈遺以《[[大不列顛海戰圖譜]]》一卷。展卷至[[尼羅河口海戰]]之章,覩[[納爾遜]]率[[皇家海軍|皇家艦隊]],殲法艦於水陸之交。獨損巡防一艘,幾沉敵之全師<ref>{{引網|著=Reklaitis, Victor|址=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-things-you-dont-know-about-vanguard-2014-10-31|題=5 things you don't know about Vanguard|出版=MarketWatch|日=2014-12-22}}</ref>。柏氏感其捷,乃取納爾遜旗艦之名「先鋒」{{按|HMS ''Vanguard''}}以名其業<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2015|pages=224|isbn=978-1-119-08836-3}}</ref>。威靈頓諸老初有難色。柏氏告以「Vanguard」與「Wellington」於字典之中相鄰,可並陳而列之,諸老乃首肯之<ref name=firstindex>{{引網|址=http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf|題=Lightning Strikes: The Creation of Vanguard, the First Index Mutual Fund, and the Revolution It Spawned|出版=Bogle Financial Markets Research Center|日=1997-04-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140626/http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf}}</ref>。名雖偶得,義實前驅。 === 草創 === 威靈頓諸老,禁先鋒於諮議,杜柏氏於管理<ref name=firstindex/>。柏氏審時度勢,因利乘便;思立循指之基,欲附標普之驥<ref name=tooworried>{{引網|著=Sommer, Jeff|址=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/business/john-bogle-vanguards-founder-is-too-worried-to-rest.html|題=A Mutual Fund Master, Too Worried to Rest|出版=The New York Times|日=2012-08-11}}</ref>。又有後膺[[諾貝爾經濟學獎]]之[[薩繆爾森]]者,慨然相援;嘗於[[一九七六年]]八月,撰文《[[新聞週刊]]》,倡編氓宜有附指投財之途<ref>{{引網|著=Mihm, Stephen|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-09-06/how-index-funds-prevailed|題=How Index Funds Prevailed|出版=Bloomberg|日=2016-09-06}}</ref>。 是歲也,董事既允其議,柏氏乃立第一指數投資信託,即今之[[先鋒五百指數基金]]也<ref>{{引網|著=Culloton, Dan|址=http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749|題=A Brief History of Indexing|出版=Morningstar|日=2011-08-09|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202249/http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749}}</ref>。先是創指數之基者:[[波士頓]]有[[傑里米·格蘭瑟姆|格蘭瑟姆]]之巴特利馬區,[[芝加哥]]有[[雷克斯·辛克菲爾德|辛克菲爾德]]之美國國民銀行,[[舊金山|三藩]]有麥誇恩之[[富國銀行]]<ref>{{cite book|著=Fox, Justin|題=The myth of the rational market: a history of risk, reward, and delusion on Wall Street|出版=Harper Business|年=2011|isbn=978-0-06-059903-4}}</ref>。然其志皆在公署,其求悉歸富室;至若以匹夫為宗,廣布閭閻者,先鋒實啟其端。 初發之際,望募一億五千萬,止得一千一百萬而已<ref>{{引網|著=Bogle, John; Rafalaf, Andrew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm|題=A Wall Street Revolution|出版=Fortune|日=2002-10-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180207/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm}}</ref>。承銷諸行,勸罷其議;柏氏執守,弗從其言。時先鋒所有,惟柏氏與算士二人而已。基不予佣於經紀,商賈無以為售;分未博利於販夫,行家莫為之揚。所積甚遲,所成甚寡;歲未周年,資不踰一千七百萬。會威靈頓所轄一基,將與他基相併;柏氏因勢進言,說以歸於指數,資乃驟躍,近於一億焉<ref name=firstindex/><ref name=tooworried/>。出師雖蹇,胎息已具。 === 拓業 === [[一九八二年]]而後,[[牛市|騰湧之勢]]既起,指數之術漸播,他家爭效。然彼之效者,索貲過昂,徒慕其形;費厚於利,反喪其本。 [[一九八四年]]十一月,與[[Primecap|先機]]合立先鋒先機之基<ref>{{引網|著=Norton, Leslie P.|址=https://www.barrons.com/articles/primecap-in-the-spotlight-1460174680|題=Primecap in the Spotlight|出版=Barron's|見=2023-08-19}}</ref>;[[一九八六年]]十二月,更創總債券指數之基<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=The Clash of the Cultures: Investment vs. Speculation|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9781118238219}}</ref>,編氓循指入債,自此始焉。或譏其止隨標普,所羅猶狹;[[一九八七年]]十二月,乃增立「擴展市場指數之基」,盡網標普以外,旁羅眾股之屬<ref>{{引網|址=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/quick-guide-vanguard-extended-market-130901563.html|題=Quick Guide to Vanguard Extended Market Index Investor Fund|出版=Yahoo Finance|日=2016-03-04}}</ref>。其後五載,紛立眾基:曰小盤,曰海外,曰總市;皆出散投之術,咸行省貲之政。 逮夫九十年代,所立愈繁,所事益博。先鋒五百與總市諸基,雄冠寰宇之上;先鋒一門,獨步共同之林<ref>{{Cite book|last=Godin|first=Seth|title=If You're Clueless about Mutual Funds and Want to Know More|publisher=Dearborn Financial Publishing|year=1997|pages=98|isbn=9780793125548}}</ref>。[[一九九五年]],[[約翰·內夫|內夫]]退隱於[[溫莎基金|溫莎之基]]。是基者,隸於先鋒;其擇股也,貴賤兼權;其取舍也,唯[[價值投資|價廉質美]]者取焉<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph|址=https://www.inquirer.com/business/john-neff-obituary-vanguard-windsor-funds-university-pennsylvania-endowment-fidelity-20190605.html|題=Brilliant stock picker John Neff, who ran Vanguard's Windsor Fund|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|日=2019-06-05}}</ref>。司事三十載,歲勝標普以百分之三,世推善理財者焉。 === 嬗替 === [[一九九九年]],柏氏屆懸車之年,依制退就[[名譽職|散秩]],由[[約翰·布倫南|布倫南]]繼之<ref>{{引網|著=Costello, Martine|址=https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/|題=Vanguard's Bogle retires|出版=CNN|日=1999-08-12|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180230/https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/}}</ref>。[[二〇〇八年]]二月,麥納布膺總裁之命;同歲八月,遂掌首席執事之印<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/22/vanguard-mcnabb-brennan-face-markets-cx_pm_0222autofacescan02.html|題=McNabb To Succeed Brennan at Vanguard|出版=Forbes|日=2008-02-22}}</ref>。柏氏既退,諸繼者廣業於指數之外,兼涉[[交易所交易基金|上市指數基金]]、操盤自決之基<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/index-funds/index-vs-active|題=Index funds vs. actively managed funds|出版=Vanguard|見=2020-05-19}}</ref>。柏氏於上市指數基金頗有所疑:其雖宜長線之持,恐害於買賣之差;雖便日中之交,又虞於朝暮之易<ref>{{引網|著=Benz, Christine|址=https://www.morningstar.com/articles/355645/bogle-buy-and-hold-dont-trade-etfs|題=Bogle: Buy and Hold, Don't Trade ETFs|出版=Morningstar|歲=2010}}</ref>。柏氏一生,倡守持之道,戒投機之習。門人拓業日廣,本心終始不渝。 [[二〇一七年]]五月,立基金平台於[[英國|不列顛]]<ref>{{引網|著=Ricketts, David|址=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/vanguard-goes-direct-to-man-on-the-street-in-new-price-war-20170516|題=Hargreaves hit as Vanguard goes direct to man on the street|出版=Financial News London|日=2017-05-16}}</ref>。同歲七月,公議以首席投資長[[蒂姆·巴克利|巴克利]]繼麥納布之任。[[二〇一八年]]正月就職,麥氏退居董事會之首<ref>{{引網|著=Smith, Peter|址=https://www.ft.com/content/646dd648-67d2-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614|題=Tim Buckley to succeed Bill McNabb as Vanguard chief|出版=Financial Times|日=2017-07-13}}</ref>。 [[二〇二〇年]],創機算問策之業,並植投資之部於[[中國]]<ref>{{引網|著=Wigglesworth, Robin; Henderson, Richard|址=https://www.ft.com/content/9414052a-3142-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de|題=Vanguard and the US financial system: too big to be healthy?|出版=Financial Times|日=2020-01-12}}</ref>。同歲十月,慮乎典制之嚴、人事之繁、贏取之薄,遂退還在華所管之資二百一十億美元於官資<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-09/vanguard-returns-21-billion-in-assets-to-china-s-state-funds|題=Vanguard Returns $21 Billion in Assets to China State Funds|出版=Bloomberg|日=2020-10-09}}</ref>。其後[[繁榮美國聯盟]]起而劾之,謂先鋒乃美元入華軍工與犯人權諸企之管道<ref>{{引網|著=Kynge, James; Sevastopulo, Demetri; Lockett, Hudson|址=https://www.ft.com/content/a37c6b7c-bec1-457b-8125-a3dbe2a8a275|題=Vanguard funds invest in China military groups, report says|出版=Financial Times|日=2023-10-12}}</ref>。 [[二〇二一年]]二月,始行碎股之計,編氓以一美元之微,亦得入上市指數基金之門<ref>{{引網|著=Lucchetti, Aaron|址=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB945730607441550739|題=E-Tailers Allow Buyers to Add Fund Investments to Carts|出版=The Wall Street Journal|日=1999-12-22}}</ref>。[[二〇二二年]]十一月,於[[澳洲]]立先鋒退休金之業<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.smh.com.au/money/super-and-retirement/us-giant-looks-to-shake-up-australia-s-3-3-trillion-super-sector-with-low-fee-products-20221110-p5bx76.html|題=Vanguard looks to shake up Australia's $3.3 trillion super sector with low-fee products|出版=The Sydney Morning Herald|日=2022-11-11}}</ref>。 [[二〇二四年]]五月,眾議延[[貝萊德]]宿將拉姆吉,繼巴克利為首席執事,七月蒞任<ref>{{引網|著=Brush, Silla|址=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vanguard-appoints-blackrock-veteran-salim-ramji-as-next-ceo-1.2073003|題=Vanguard Appoints BlackRock Veteran Salim Ramji as Next CEO|出版=BNN Bloomberg|日=2024-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Godbout, Ted|址=https://www.napa-net.org/news-info/daily-news/ramji-takes-helm-vanguard-ceo|題=Ramji Takes the Helm as Vanguard CEO|出版=National Association of Plan Advisors|日=2024-07-08}}</ref>。先鋒之大權,自此外姓掌之。 [[二〇二五年]],[[聯合國]]有書,臚資東之佐以戰[[加沙地帶|加沙]]者,先鋒在焉<ref>{{引網|著=Marsi, Federica|址=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/1/un-report-lists-companies-complicit-in-israels-genocide-who-are-they|題=UN report lists companies complicit in Israel's "genocide": Who are they?|出版=Al Jazeera|日=2025-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Borger, Julian|址=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/03/global-firms-profiting-israel-genocide-gaza-united-nations-rapporteur|題=Global firms 'profiting from genocide' in Gaza, says UN rapporteur|出版=The Guardian|日=2025-07-03}}</ref>。其所投之企,多以兵戎為助;[[卡特彼勒公司|卡特彼勒]]、[[雪佛龍]]、[[帕蘭提爾]]、[[洛克希德·馬丁]]、[[埃爾比特系統公司|埃爾比特]]之屬,並列其中<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mattei|first=Clara|title=Escape from Capitalism: An Intervention|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2026|pages=153|isbn=978-1668085141}}</ref>。 == 體制 == 夫先鋒之異於諸家者,蓋以本司為所管諸基金所有,而諸基金又為投資者所有<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph N.|址=https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/john-bogle-vanguard-scraps-plain-talk-no-profit-at-cost-20190207.html|題=Vanguard SEC Filings Drop 'At-Cost,' 'No Profit' Claims That Were Dear to Late Founder John Bogle|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|見=2019-10-04}}</ref>。故先鋒之真主,實在投資者,不在外閥也。利歸於民,不歸於閥;權出於眾,不出於私。其基金多分二等:曰「投資者股」,曰「上將股」。上將股取贏稍輕,入資較高,自三千及十萬美元而不等<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/admiral-shares|題=Admiral Shares Help Keep Your Costs Under Control|出版=Vanguard|日=2020-04-09}}</ref>。總部設於[[費城]]近郊瑪爾文,分號散布[[夏洛特 (北卡羅來納州)|夏洛特]]、[[達拉斯]]、[[華盛頓哥倫比亞特區|華府]]、[[斯科茨代爾]]諸地,旁及[[加拿大]]、[[澳大利亞]],東至[[亞細亞|亞洲]],西暨[[歐羅巴洲|歐陸]]<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.ft.com/content/74b8a59b-d596-46fa-83fd-e3702d057581|題=The Vanguard Group: Global Operations|出版=Financial Times|見=2025-12-13}}</ref>。 == 贊煙之譏 == [[二〇二一年]]三月,先鋒結理財諸司七十餘家之盟,誓所投眾企於[[二〇六〇年]]臻[[淨零排放|淨零之境]],遙與[[巴黎協定]]相應<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-investors-idUSKBN2BL0AX|題=Investors BlackRock, Vanguard join net zero effort|出版=Reuters|日=2021-03-29}}</ref>。 然同歲所統之資,多沃[[化石燃料|煤油之產]],益亂天時之常;智利之[[ENAP Sipetrol|國油]]、[[中國石油天然氣集團公司|中國石油]]、厄瓜多之[[Petroamazonas|亞馬油]]之屬,皆列其中<ref name=":0">{{引網|著=Peterson, Laura|址=https://amazonwatch.org/assets/files/2021-investing-in-amazon-crude-ii.pdf|題=Investing in Amazon Crude II|出版=Amazon Watch|日=2021-06-01}}</ref>。 是歲也,投煤業之金,至少八百六十億美元,雄冠寰宇<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry|題=Groundbreaking Research Reveals the Financiers of the Coal Industry|出版=Urgewald e.V.|見=2022-09-03|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2025-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211072214/https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry}}</ref>;資[[亞馬遜雨林]]油企之數,債則二十六億,股則九十六億焉<ref name=":0"/>。 誓淨零於前,資煙煤於後;前言後行,乖違遠甚,識者譏焉。 == 兼查 == *[[共同基金]] *[[指數基金]] *[[交易所交易基金]] *[[貝萊德]] *[[道富集團]] *[[約翰柏格]] == 注釋 == {{reflist}} == 它典 == *[https://www.vanguard.com 先鋒集團] [[Category:美國史]] 2ij1922focln3zzwdr37fd6kgb6eb0m 441452 441450 2026-05-28T02:16:45Z Itsmine 5 /* 名起 */ 441452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''先鋒集團'''{{按|英語:'''The Vanguard Group, Inc.'''}},[[泰西]]投資之雄、寰宇指數之祖也。西元[[一九七五年]]五月朔,[[約翰柏格]]肇基於[[賓夕法尼亞州|賓州]]瑪爾文之地<ref name=AboutVang>{{引網|址=https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/corp/who-we-are/sets-us-apart/facts-and-figures.html|題=Fast Facts About Vanguard|出版=The Vanguard Group, Inc.|見=2025-04-12}}</ref>。創於受黜之餘,立於眾笑之中。歷四十餘載,統籌之資逾一十二兆[[美元]]。冠絕[[共同基金]]之林,亞於[[貝萊德]][[安碩]]之列<ref>{{引網|址=http://www.etf.com/sections/etf-league-tables.html|題=ETF League Tables|出版=ETF.com|見=2017-03-22}}</ref>。與貝萊德、[[道富集團|道富]]鼎峙,世號「指數三雄」<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bebchuk|first=Lucian|coauthors=Hirst, Scott|title=Index Funds and the Future of Corporate Governance: Theory, Evidence, and Policy|work=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=119|pages=2029–2146|year=2019|url=https://columbialawreview.org/content/index-funds-and-the-future-of-corporate-governance-theory-evidence-and-policy/}}</ref>。業兼理財治產之術,制秉眾主共有之奇。下啟編氓之門,上易[[華爾街]]之舊。取贏至輕,當世罕匹。 == 沿革 == === 肇始 === [[File:Photo of a John C. Bogle By Bill Cramer.jpg|thumb|約翰柏格於[[二〇〇七年]]]] 約翰柏格者,[[普林斯頓大學|普林斯頓]]之俊彥也。[[一九五一年]],撰學位之論,徧考基金之績<ref>{{引網|著=Armbruster, Mark|址=http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf|題=Comparing index mutual funds and active managers|出版=Rochester Business Journal|日=2016-10-14|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2017-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233525/http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf}}</ref>。乃悟主動之眾,多遜大盤之指;雖偶有勝出,亦為管費所噬<ref>{{引網|著=MacBride, Elizabeth|址=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/14/jack-bogle-follow-these-4-investing-rules-ignore-the-rest.html|題=Jack Bogle: Follow these 4 investing rules—ignore the rest|出版=CNBC|日=2015-10-14}}</ref>。指數之念,潛萌於少年之心;異日之機,已伏於蕘者之論。 既卒業,入[[威靈頓基金管理公司|威靈頓]]為僚<ref name=thinking>{{引網|著=Ferri, Rick|址=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rickferri/2014/02/10/what-was-john-bogle-thinking/|題=What Was John Bogle Thinking?|出版=Forbes|日=2014-02-10}}</ref>。由末僚而陞大員,自末席而躋上座。[[一九六七年]]膺總裁之命,[[一九七〇年]]握大計之權。然嘗主一併購,事敗於朝,謗興於野,[[一九七四年]]竟見黜逐<ref name=thinking/>。柏氏自陳曰:「斯舉之失,可恥而難恕;皆由童騃自負,不察事實所致。然非此一挫,則無先鋒之興也。」<ref>{{引網|著=Boyle, Matthew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm|題=Be prepared for a lot of bumps|出版=Fortune|日=2007-12-17|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2024-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820000655/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm}}</ref>知者謂之:厄為玉成,挫乃成之。 === 名起 === 柏氏既見斥,乃於威靈頓之內,闢別部以自立。會古版書賈,遺以《[[大不列顛海戰圖譜]]》一卷;展卷至[[尼羅河口海戰]]之章,覩[[納爾遜]]率[[皇家海軍|皇家水師]],殲法艦於河口;獨折一艦,幾覆全師<ref>{{引網|著=Reklaitis, Victor|址=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-things-you-dont-know-about-vanguard-2014-10-31|題=5 things you don't know about Vanguard|出版=MarketWatch|日=2014-12-22}}</ref>。柏氏覽之而興感,遂取納爾遜旗艦之號「先鋒」{{按|HMS Vanguard}},以名其業<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2015|pages=224|isbn=978-1-119-08836-3}}</ref>。 威靈頓諸老初難之。柏氏告以二名{{按|Vanguard、Wellington}}於洋文字序之中,比鄰而相次,可並陳而列之,諸老乃首肯之<ref name=firstindex>{{引網|址=http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf|題=Lightning Strikes: The Creation of Vanguard, the First Index Mutual Fund, and the Revolution It Spawned|出版=Bogle Financial Markets Research Center|日=1997-04-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140626/http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf}}</ref>。名雖偶得,義實前驅。 === 草創 === 威靈頓諸老,禁先鋒於諮議,杜柏氏於管理<ref name=firstindex/>。柏氏審時度勢,因利乘便;思立循指之基,欲附標普之驥<ref name=tooworried>{{引網|著=Sommer, Jeff|址=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/business/john-bogle-vanguards-founder-is-too-worried-to-rest.html|題=A Mutual Fund Master, Too Worried to Rest|出版=The New York Times|日=2012-08-11}}</ref>。又有後膺[[諾貝爾經濟學獎]]之[[薩繆爾森]]者,慨然相援;嘗於[[一九七六年]]八月,撰文《[[新聞週刊]]》,倡編氓宜有附指投財之途<ref>{{引網|著=Mihm, Stephen|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-09-06/how-index-funds-prevailed|題=How Index Funds Prevailed|出版=Bloomberg|日=2016-09-06}}</ref>。 是歲也,董事既允其議,柏氏乃立第一指數投資信託,即今之[[先鋒五百指數基金]]也<ref>{{引網|著=Culloton, Dan|址=http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749|題=A Brief History of Indexing|出版=Morningstar|日=2011-08-09|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202249/http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749}}</ref>。先是創指數之基者:[[波士頓]]有[[傑里米·格蘭瑟姆|格蘭瑟姆]]之巴特利馬區,[[芝加哥]]有[[雷克斯·辛克菲爾德|辛克菲爾德]]之美國國民銀行,[[舊金山|三藩]]有麥誇恩之[[富國銀行]]<ref>{{cite book|著=Fox, Justin|題=The myth of the rational market: a history of risk, reward, and delusion on Wall Street|出版=Harper Business|年=2011|isbn=978-0-06-059903-4}}</ref>。然其志皆在公署,其求悉歸富室;至若以匹夫為宗,廣布閭閻者,先鋒實啟其端。 初發之際,望募一億五千萬,止得一千一百萬而已<ref>{{引網|著=Bogle, John; Rafalaf, Andrew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm|題=A Wall Street Revolution|出版=Fortune|日=2002-10-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180207/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm}}</ref>。承銷諸行,勸罷其議;柏氏執守,弗從其言。時先鋒所有,惟柏氏與算士二人而已。基不予佣於經紀,商賈無以為售;分未博利於販夫,行家莫為之揚。所積甚遲,所成甚寡;歲未周年,資不踰一千七百萬。會威靈頓所轄一基,將與他基相併;柏氏因勢進言,說以歸於指數,資乃驟躍,近於一億焉<ref name=firstindex/><ref name=tooworried/>。出師雖蹇,胎息已具。 === 拓業 === [[一九八二年]]而後,[[牛市|騰湧之勢]]既起,指數之術漸播,他家爭效。然彼之效者,索貲過昂,徒慕其形;費厚於利,反喪其本。 [[一九八四年]]十一月,與[[Primecap|先機]]合立先鋒先機之基<ref>{{引網|著=Norton, Leslie P.|址=https://www.barrons.com/articles/primecap-in-the-spotlight-1460174680|題=Primecap in the Spotlight|出版=Barron's|見=2023-08-19}}</ref>;[[一九八六年]]十二月,更創總債券指數之基<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=The Clash of the Cultures: Investment vs. Speculation|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9781118238219}}</ref>,編氓循指入債,自此始焉。或譏其止隨標普,所羅猶狹;[[一九八七年]]十二月,乃增立「擴展市場指數之基」,盡網標普以外,旁羅眾股之屬<ref>{{引網|址=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/quick-guide-vanguard-extended-market-130901563.html|題=Quick Guide to Vanguard Extended Market Index Investor Fund|出版=Yahoo Finance|日=2016-03-04}}</ref>。其後五載,紛立眾基:曰小盤,曰海外,曰總市;皆出散投之術,咸行省貲之政。 逮夫九十年代,所立愈繁,所事益博。先鋒五百與總市諸基,雄冠寰宇之上;先鋒一門,獨步共同之林<ref>{{Cite book|last=Godin|first=Seth|title=If You're Clueless about Mutual Funds and Want to Know More|publisher=Dearborn Financial Publishing|year=1997|pages=98|isbn=9780793125548}}</ref>。[[一九九五年]],[[約翰·內夫|內夫]]退隱於[[溫莎基金|溫莎之基]]。是基者,隸於先鋒;其擇股也,貴賤兼權;其取舍也,唯[[價值投資|價廉質美]]者取焉<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph|址=https://www.inquirer.com/business/john-neff-obituary-vanguard-windsor-funds-university-pennsylvania-endowment-fidelity-20190605.html|題=Brilliant stock picker John Neff, who ran Vanguard's Windsor Fund|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|日=2019-06-05}}</ref>。司事三十載,歲勝標普以百分之三,世推善理財者焉。 === 嬗替 === [[一九九九年]],柏氏屆懸車之年,依制退就[[名譽職|散秩]],由[[約翰·布倫南|布倫南]]繼之<ref>{{引網|著=Costello, Martine|址=https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/|題=Vanguard's Bogle retires|出版=CNN|日=1999-08-12|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180230/https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/}}</ref>。[[二〇〇八年]]二月,麥納布膺總裁之命;同歲八月,遂掌首席執事之印<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/22/vanguard-mcnabb-brennan-face-markets-cx_pm_0222autofacescan02.html|題=McNabb To Succeed Brennan at Vanguard|出版=Forbes|日=2008-02-22}}</ref>。柏氏既退,諸繼者廣業於指數之外,兼涉[[交易所交易基金|上市指數基金]]、操盤自決之基<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/index-funds/index-vs-active|題=Index funds vs. actively managed funds|出版=Vanguard|見=2020-05-19}}</ref>。柏氏於上市指數基金頗有所疑:其雖宜長線之持,恐害於買賣之差;雖便日中之交,又虞於朝暮之易<ref>{{引網|著=Benz, Christine|址=https://www.morningstar.com/articles/355645/bogle-buy-and-hold-dont-trade-etfs|題=Bogle: Buy and Hold, Don't Trade ETFs|出版=Morningstar|歲=2010}}</ref>。柏氏一生,倡守持之道,戒投機之習。門人拓業日廣,本心終始不渝。 [[二〇一七年]]五月,立基金平台於[[英國|不列顛]]<ref>{{引網|著=Ricketts, David|址=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/vanguard-goes-direct-to-man-on-the-street-in-new-price-war-20170516|題=Hargreaves hit as Vanguard goes direct to man on the street|出版=Financial News London|日=2017-05-16}}</ref>。同歲七月,公議以首席投資長[[蒂姆·巴克利|巴克利]]繼麥納布之任。[[二〇一八年]]正月就職,麥氏退居董事會之首<ref>{{引網|著=Smith, Peter|址=https://www.ft.com/content/646dd648-67d2-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614|題=Tim Buckley to succeed Bill McNabb as Vanguard chief|出版=Financial Times|日=2017-07-13}}</ref>。 [[二〇二〇年]],創機算問策之業,並植投資之部於[[中國]]<ref>{{引網|著=Wigglesworth, Robin; Henderson, Richard|址=https://www.ft.com/content/9414052a-3142-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de|題=Vanguard and the US financial system: too big to be healthy?|出版=Financial Times|日=2020-01-12}}</ref>。同歲十月,慮乎典制之嚴、人事之繁、贏取之薄,遂退還在華所管之資二百一十億美元於官資<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-09/vanguard-returns-21-billion-in-assets-to-china-s-state-funds|題=Vanguard Returns $21 Billion in Assets to China State Funds|出版=Bloomberg|日=2020-10-09}}</ref>。其後[[繁榮美國聯盟]]起而劾之,謂先鋒乃美元入華軍工與犯人權諸企之管道<ref>{{引網|著=Kynge, James; Sevastopulo, Demetri; Lockett, Hudson|址=https://www.ft.com/content/a37c6b7c-bec1-457b-8125-a3dbe2a8a275|題=Vanguard funds invest in China military groups, report says|出版=Financial Times|日=2023-10-12}}</ref>。 [[二〇二一年]]二月,始行碎股之計,編氓以一美元之微,亦得入上市指數基金之門<ref>{{引網|著=Lucchetti, Aaron|址=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB945730607441550739|題=E-Tailers Allow Buyers to Add Fund Investments to Carts|出版=The Wall Street Journal|日=1999-12-22}}</ref>。[[二〇二二年]]十一月,於[[澳洲]]立先鋒退休金之業<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.smh.com.au/money/super-and-retirement/us-giant-looks-to-shake-up-australia-s-3-3-trillion-super-sector-with-low-fee-products-20221110-p5bx76.html|題=Vanguard looks to shake up Australia's $3.3 trillion super sector with low-fee products|出版=The Sydney Morning Herald|日=2022-11-11}}</ref>。 [[二〇二四年]]五月,眾議延[[貝萊德]]宿將拉姆吉,繼巴克利為首席執事,七月蒞任<ref>{{引網|著=Brush, Silla|址=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vanguard-appoints-blackrock-veteran-salim-ramji-as-next-ceo-1.2073003|題=Vanguard Appoints BlackRock Veteran Salim Ramji as Next CEO|出版=BNN Bloomberg|日=2024-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Godbout, Ted|址=https://www.napa-net.org/news-info/daily-news/ramji-takes-helm-vanguard-ceo|題=Ramji Takes the Helm as Vanguard CEO|出版=National Association of Plan Advisors|日=2024-07-08}}</ref>。先鋒之大權,自此外姓掌之。 [[二〇二五年]],[[聯合國]]有書,臚資東之佐以戰[[加沙地帶|加沙]]者,先鋒在焉<ref>{{引網|著=Marsi, Federica|址=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/1/un-report-lists-companies-complicit-in-israels-genocide-who-are-they|題=UN report lists companies complicit in Israel's "genocide": Who are they?|出版=Al Jazeera|日=2025-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Borger, Julian|址=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/03/global-firms-profiting-israel-genocide-gaza-united-nations-rapporteur|題=Global firms 'profiting from genocide' in Gaza, says UN rapporteur|出版=The Guardian|日=2025-07-03}}</ref>。其所投之企,多以兵戎為助;[[卡特彼勒公司|卡特彼勒]]、[[雪佛龍]]、[[帕蘭提爾]]、[[洛克希德·馬丁]]、[[埃爾比特系統公司|埃爾比特]]之屬,並列其中<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mattei|first=Clara|title=Escape from Capitalism: An Intervention|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2026|pages=153|isbn=978-1668085141}}</ref>。 == 體制 == 夫先鋒之異於諸家者,蓋以本司為所管諸基金所有,而諸基金又為投資者所有<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph N.|址=https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/john-bogle-vanguard-scraps-plain-talk-no-profit-at-cost-20190207.html|題=Vanguard SEC Filings Drop 'At-Cost,' 'No Profit' Claims That Were Dear to Late Founder John Bogle|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|見=2019-10-04}}</ref>。故先鋒之真主,實在投資者,不在外閥也。利歸於民,不歸於閥;權出於眾,不出於私。其基金多分二等:曰「投資者股」,曰「上將股」。上將股取贏稍輕,入資較高,自三千及十萬美元而不等<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/admiral-shares|題=Admiral Shares Help Keep Your Costs Under Control|出版=Vanguard|日=2020-04-09}}</ref>。總部設於[[費城]]近郊瑪爾文,分號散布[[夏洛特 (北卡羅來納州)|夏洛特]]、[[達拉斯]]、[[華盛頓哥倫比亞特區|華府]]、[[斯科茨代爾]]諸地,旁及[[加拿大]]、[[澳大利亞]],東至[[亞細亞|亞洲]],西暨[[歐羅巴洲|歐陸]]<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.ft.com/content/74b8a59b-d596-46fa-83fd-e3702d057581|題=The Vanguard Group: Global Operations|出版=Financial Times|見=2025-12-13}}</ref>。 == 贊煙之譏 == [[二〇二一年]]三月,先鋒結理財諸司七十餘家之盟,誓所投眾企於[[二〇六〇年]]臻[[淨零排放|淨零之境]],遙與[[巴黎協定]]相應<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-investors-idUSKBN2BL0AX|題=Investors BlackRock, Vanguard join net zero effort|出版=Reuters|日=2021-03-29}}</ref>。 然同歲所統之資,多沃[[化石燃料|煤油之產]],益亂天時之常;智利之[[ENAP Sipetrol|國油]]、[[中國石油天然氣集團公司|中國石油]]、厄瓜多之[[Petroamazonas|亞馬油]]之屬,皆列其中<ref name=":0">{{引網|著=Peterson, Laura|址=https://amazonwatch.org/assets/files/2021-investing-in-amazon-crude-ii.pdf|題=Investing in Amazon Crude II|出版=Amazon Watch|日=2021-06-01}}</ref>。 是歲也,投煤業之金,至少八百六十億美元,雄冠寰宇<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry|題=Groundbreaking Research Reveals the Financiers of the Coal Industry|出版=Urgewald e.V.|見=2022-09-03|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2025-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211072214/https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry}}</ref>;資[[亞馬遜雨林]]油企之數,債則二十六億,股則九十六億焉<ref name=":0"/>。 誓淨零於前,資煙煤於後;前言後行,乖違遠甚,識者譏焉。 == 兼查 == *[[共同基金]] *[[指數基金]] *[[交易所交易基金]] *[[貝萊德]] *[[道富集團]] *[[約翰柏格]] == 注釋 == {{reflist}} == 它典 == *[https://www.vanguard.com 先鋒集團] [[Category:美國史]] nd5vwqwpd4ntn7z5327afo97c65b3p8 441475 441452 2026-05-28T11:01:27Z Itsmine 5 441475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''先鋒集團'''{{按|英語:'''The Vanguard Group, Inc.'''}},[[泰西]]投資之雄、寰宇指數之祖也。西元[[一九七五年]]五月朔,[[約翰柏格|約翰‧柏格]]肇基於[[賓夕法尼亞州|賓州]]瑪爾文之地<ref name=AboutVang>{{引網|址=https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/corp/who-we-are/sets-us-apart/facts-and-figures.html|題=Fast Facts About Vanguard|出版=The Vanguard Group, Inc.|見=2025-04-12}}</ref>。創於受黜之餘,立於眾笑之中。歷四十餘載,統籌之資逾一十二兆[[美元]]。冠絕[[共同基金]]之林,亞於[[貝萊德]][[安碩]]之列<ref>{{引網|址=http://www.etf.com/sections/etf-league-tables.html|題=ETF League Tables|出版=ETF.com|見=2017-03-22}}</ref>。與貝萊德、[[道富集團|道富]]鼎峙,世號「指數三雄」<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bebchuk|first=Lucian|coauthors=Hirst, Scott|title=Index Funds and the Future of Corporate Governance: Theory, Evidence, and Policy|work=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=119|pages=2029–2146|year=2019|url=https://columbialawreview.org/content/index-funds-and-the-future-of-corporate-governance-theory-evidence-and-policy/}}</ref>。業兼理財治產之術,制秉眾主共有之奇。下啟編氓之門,上易[[華爾街]]之舊。取贏至輕,當世罕匹。 == 沿革 == === 肇始 === [[File:Photo of a John C. Bogle By Bill Cramer.jpg|thumb|約翰柏格於[[二〇〇七年]]]] 約翰柏格者,[[普林斯頓大學|普林斯頓]]之俊彥也。[[一九五一年]],撰學位之論,徧考基金之績<ref>{{引網|著=Armbruster, Mark|址=http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf|題=Comparing index mutual funds and active managers|出版=Rochester Business Journal|日=2016-10-14|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2017-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317233525/http://www.armbrustercapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Comparing-Index-Mutual-Funds-10-14-2016.pdf}}</ref>。乃悟主動之眾,多遜大盤之指;雖偶有勝出,亦為管費所噬<ref>{{引網|著=MacBride, Elizabeth|址=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/14/jack-bogle-follow-these-4-investing-rules-ignore-the-rest.html|題=Jack Bogle: Follow these 4 investing rules—ignore the rest|出版=CNBC|日=2015-10-14}}</ref>。指數之念,潛萌於少年之心;異日之機,已伏於蕘者之論。 既卒業,入[[威靈頓基金管理公司|威靈頓]]為僚<ref name=thinking>{{引網|著=Ferri, Rick|址=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rickferri/2014/02/10/what-was-john-bogle-thinking/|題=What Was John Bogle Thinking?|出版=Forbes|日=2014-02-10}}</ref>。由末僚而陞大員,自末席而躋上座。[[一九六七年]]膺總裁之命,[[一九七〇年]]握大計之權。然嘗主一併購,事敗於朝,謗興於野,[[一九七四年]]竟見黜逐<ref name=thinking/>。柏氏自陳曰:「斯舉之失,可恥而難恕;皆由童騃自負,不察事實所致。然非此一挫,則無先鋒之興也。」<ref>{{引網|著=Boyle, Matthew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm|題=Be prepared for a lot of bumps|出版=Fortune|日=2007-12-17|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2024-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820000655/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/12/24/101939724/index.htm}}</ref>知者謂之:厄為玉成,挫乃成之。 === 名起 === 柏氏既見斥,乃於威靈頓之內,闢別部以自立。會古版書賈,遺以《[[大不列顛海戰圖譜]]》一卷;展卷至[[尼羅河口海戰]]之章,覩[[納爾遜]]率[[皇家海軍|皇家水師]],殲法艦於河口;獨折一艦,幾覆全師<ref>{{引網|著=Reklaitis, Victor|址=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-things-you-dont-know-about-vanguard-2014-10-31|題=5 things you don't know about Vanguard|出版=MarketWatch|日=2014-12-22}}</ref>。柏氏覽之而興感,遂取納爾遜旗艦之號「先鋒」{{按|HMS Vanguard}},以名其業<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 Years|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2015|pages=224|isbn=978-1-119-08836-3}}</ref>。 威靈頓諸老初難之。柏氏告以二名{{按|Vanguard、Wellington}}於洋文字序之中,比鄰而相次,可並陳而列之,諸老乃首肯之<ref name=firstindex>{{引網|址=http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf|題=Lightning Strikes: The Creation of Vanguard, the First Index Mutual Fund, and the Revolution It Spawned|出版=Bogle Financial Markets Research Center|日=1997-04-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140626/http://www.bfjlaward.com/pdf/25975/42-59_bogle_jpm_0918.pdf}}</ref>。名雖偶得,義實前驅。 === 草創 === 威靈頓諸老,禁先鋒於諮議,杜柏氏於管理<ref name=firstindex/>。柏氏審時度勢,因利乘便;思立循指之基,欲附標普之驥<ref name=tooworried>{{引網|著=Sommer, Jeff|址=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/business/john-bogle-vanguards-founder-is-too-worried-to-rest.html|題=A Mutual Fund Master, Too Worried to Rest|出版=The New York Times|日=2012-08-11}}</ref>。又有後膺[[諾貝爾經濟學獎]]之[[薩繆爾森]]者,慨然相援;嘗於[[一九七六年]]八月,撰文《[[新聞週刊]]》,倡編氓宜有附指投財之途<ref>{{引網|著=Mihm, Stephen|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-09-06/how-index-funds-prevailed|題=How Index Funds Prevailed|出版=Bloomberg|日=2016-09-06}}</ref>。 是歲也,董事既允其議,柏氏乃立第一指數投資信託,即今之[[先鋒五百指數基金]]也<ref>{{引網|著=Culloton, Dan|址=http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749|題=A Brief History of Indexing|出版=Morningstar|日=2011-08-09|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2018-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202249/http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=390749}}</ref>。先是創指數之基者:[[波士頓]]有[[傑里米·格蘭瑟姆|格蘭瑟姆]]之巴特利馬區,[[芝加哥]]有[[雷克斯·辛克菲爾德|辛克菲爾德]]之美國國民銀行,[[舊金山|三藩]]有麥誇恩之[[富國銀行]]<ref>{{cite book|著=Fox, Justin|題=The myth of the rational market: a history of risk, reward, and delusion on Wall Street|出版=Harper Business|年=2011|isbn=978-0-06-059903-4}}</ref>。然其志皆在公署,其求悉歸富室;至若以匹夫為宗,廣布閭閻者,先鋒實啟其端。 初發之際,望募一億五千萬,止得一千一百萬而已<ref>{{引網|著=Bogle, John; Rafalaf, Andrew|址=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm|題=A Wall Street Revolution|出版=Fortune|日=2002-10-01|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180207/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/10/01/330578/index.htm}}</ref>。承銷諸行,勸罷其議;柏氏執守,弗從其言。時先鋒所有,惟柏氏與算士二人而已。基不予佣於經紀,商賈無以為售;分未博利於販夫,行家莫為之揚。所積甚遲,所成甚寡;歲未周年,資不踰一千七百萬。會威靈頓所轄一基,將與他基相併;柏氏因勢進言,說以歸於指數,資乃驟躍,近於一億焉<ref name=firstindex/><ref name=tooworried/>。出師雖蹇,胎息已具。 === 拓業 === [[一九八二年]]而後,[[牛市|騰湧之勢]]既起,指數之術漸播,他家爭效。然彼之效者,索貲過昂,徒慕其形;費厚於利,反喪其本。 [[一九八四年]]十一月,與[[Primecap|先機]]合立先鋒先機之基<ref>{{引網|著=Norton, Leslie P.|址=https://www.barrons.com/articles/primecap-in-the-spotlight-1460174680|題=Primecap in the Spotlight|出版=Barron's|見=2023-08-19}}</ref>;[[一九八六年]]十二月,更創總債券指數之基<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogle|first=John C.|title=The Clash of the Cultures: Investment vs. Speculation|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9781118238219}}</ref>,編氓循指入債,自此始焉。或譏其止隨標普,所羅猶狹;[[一九八七年]]十二月,乃增立「擴展市場指數之基」,盡網標普以外,旁羅眾股之屬<ref>{{引網|址=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/quick-guide-vanguard-extended-market-130901563.html|題=Quick Guide to Vanguard Extended Market Index Investor Fund|出版=Yahoo Finance|日=2016-03-04}}</ref>。其後五載,紛立眾基:曰小盤,曰海外,曰總市;皆出散投之術,咸行省貲之政。 逮夫九十年代,所立愈繁,所事益博。先鋒五百與總市諸基,雄冠寰宇之上;先鋒一門,獨步共同之林<ref>{{Cite book|last=Godin|first=Seth|title=If You're Clueless about Mutual Funds and Want to Know More|publisher=Dearborn Financial Publishing|year=1997|pages=98|isbn=9780793125548}}</ref>。[[一九九五年]],[[約翰·內夫|內夫]]退隱於[[溫莎基金|溫莎之基]]。是基者,隸於先鋒;其擇股也,貴賤兼權;其取舍也,唯[[價值投資|價廉質美]]者取焉<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph|址=https://www.inquirer.com/business/john-neff-obituary-vanguard-windsor-funds-university-pennsylvania-endowment-fidelity-20190605.html|題=Brilliant stock picker John Neff, who ran Vanguard's Windsor Fund|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|日=2019-06-05}}</ref>。司事三十載,歲勝標普以百分之三,世推善理財者焉。 === 嬗替 === [[一九九九年]],柏氏屆懸車之年,依制退就[[名譽職|散秩]],由[[約翰·布倫南|布倫南]]繼之<ref>{{引網|著=Costello, Martine|址=https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/|題=Vanguard's Bogle retires|出版=CNN|日=1999-08-12|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180230/https://money.cnn.com/1999/08/12/mutualfunds/funds_vanguard/}}</ref>。[[二〇〇八年]]二月,麥納布膺總裁之命;同歲八月,遂掌首席執事之印<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/22/vanguard-mcnabb-brennan-face-markets-cx_pm_0222autofacescan02.html|題=McNabb To Succeed Brennan at Vanguard|出版=Forbes|日=2008-02-22}}</ref>。柏氏既退,諸繼者廣業於指數之外,兼涉[[交易所交易基金|上市指數基金]]、操盤自決之基<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/index-funds/index-vs-active|題=Index funds vs. actively managed funds|出版=Vanguard|見=2020-05-19}}</ref>。柏氏於上市指數基金頗有所疑:其雖宜長線之持,恐害於買賣之差;雖便日中之交,又虞於朝暮之易<ref>{{引網|著=Benz, Christine|址=https://www.morningstar.com/articles/355645/bogle-buy-and-hold-dont-trade-etfs|題=Bogle: Buy and Hold, Don't Trade ETFs|出版=Morningstar|歲=2010}}</ref>。柏氏一生,倡守持之道,戒投機之習。門人拓業日廣,本心終始不渝。 [[二〇一七年]]五月,立基金平台於[[英國|不列顛]]<ref>{{引網|著=Ricketts, David|址=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/vanguard-goes-direct-to-man-on-the-street-in-new-price-war-20170516|題=Hargreaves hit as Vanguard goes direct to man on the street|出版=Financial News London|日=2017-05-16}}</ref>。同歲七月,公議以首席投資長[[蒂姆·巴克利|巴克利]]繼麥納布之任。[[二〇一八年]]正月就職,麥氏退居董事會之首<ref>{{引網|著=Smith, Peter|址=https://www.ft.com/content/646dd648-67d2-11e7-8526-7b38dcaef614|題=Tim Buckley to succeed Bill McNabb as Vanguard chief|出版=Financial Times|日=2017-07-13}}</ref>。 [[二〇二〇年]],創機算問策之業,並植投資之部於[[中國]]<ref>{{引網|著=Wigglesworth, Robin; Henderson, Richard|址=https://www.ft.com/content/9414052a-3142-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de|題=Vanguard and the US financial system: too big to be healthy?|出版=Financial Times|日=2020-01-12}}</ref>。同歲十月,慮乎典制之嚴、人事之繁、贏取之薄,遂退還在華所管之資二百一十億美元於官資<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-09/vanguard-returns-21-billion-in-assets-to-china-s-state-funds|題=Vanguard Returns $21 Billion in Assets to China State Funds|出版=Bloomberg|日=2020-10-09}}</ref>。其後[[繁榮美國聯盟]]起而劾之,謂先鋒乃美元入華軍工與犯人權諸企之管道<ref>{{引網|著=Kynge, James; Sevastopulo, Demetri; Lockett, Hudson|址=https://www.ft.com/content/a37c6b7c-bec1-457b-8125-a3dbe2a8a275|題=Vanguard funds invest in China military groups, report says|出版=Financial Times|日=2023-10-12}}</ref>。 [[二〇二一年]]二月,始行碎股之計,編氓以一美元之微,亦得入上市指數基金之門<ref>{{引網|著=Lucchetti, Aaron|址=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB945730607441550739|題=E-Tailers Allow Buyers to Add Fund Investments to Carts|出版=The Wall Street Journal|日=1999-12-22}}</ref>。[[二〇二二年]]十一月,於[[澳洲]]立先鋒退休金之業<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.smh.com.au/money/super-and-retirement/us-giant-looks-to-shake-up-australia-s-3-3-trillion-super-sector-with-low-fee-products-20221110-p5bx76.html|題=Vanguard looks to shake up Australia's $3.3 trillion super sector with low-fee products|出版=The Sydney Morning Herald|日=2022-11-11}}</ref>。 [[二〇二四年]]五月,眾議延[[貝萊德]]宿將拉姆吉,繼巴克利為首席執事,七月蒞任<ref>{{引網|著=Brush, Silla|址=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vanguard-appoints-blackrock-veteran-salim-ramji-as-next-ceo-1.2073003|題=Vanguard Appoints BlackRock Veteran Salim Ramji as Next CEO|出版=BNN Bloomberg|日=2024-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Godbout, Ted|址=https://www.napa-net.org/news-info/daily-news/ramji-takes-helm-vanguard-ceo|題=Ramji Takes the Helm as Vanguard CEO|出版=National Association of Plan Advisors|日=2024-07-08}}</ref>。先鋒之大權,自此外姓掌之。 [[二〇二五年]],[[聯合國]]有書,臚資東之佐以戰[[加沙地帶|加沙]]者,先鋒在焉<ref>{{引網|著=Marsi, Federica|址=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/1/un-report-lists-companies-complicit-in-israels-genocide-who-are-they|題=UN report lists companies complicit in Israel's "genocide": Who are they?|出版=Al Jazeera|日=2025-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{引網|著=Borger, Julian|址=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/03/global-firms-profiting-israel-genocide-gaza-united-nations-rapporteur|題=Global firms 'profiting from genocide' in Gaza, says UN rapporteur|出版=The Guardian|日=2025-07-03}}</ref>。其所投之企,多以兵戎為助;[[卡特彼勒公司|卡特彼勒]]、[[雪佛龍]]、[[帕蘭提爾]]、[[洛克希德·馬丁]]、[[埃爾比特系統公司|埃爾比特]]之屬,並列其中<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mattei|first=Clara|title=Escape from Capitalism: An Intervention|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2026|pages=153|isbn=978-1668085141}}</ref>。 == 體制 == 夫先鋒之異於諸家者,蓋以本司為所管諸基金所有,而諸基金又為投資者所有<ref>{{引網|著=DiStefano, Joseph N.|址=https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/john-bogle-vanguard-scraps-plain-talk-no-profit-at-cost-20190207.html|題=Vanguard SEC Filings Drop 'At-Cost,' 'No Profit' Claims That Were Dear to Late Founder John Bogle|出版=The Philadelphia Inquirer|見=2019-10-04}}</ref>。故先鋒之真主,實在投資者,不在外閥也。利歸於民,不歸於閥;權出於眾,不出於私。其基金多分二等:曰「投資者股」,曰「上將股」。上將股取贏稍輕,入資較高,自三千及十萬美元而不等<ref>{{引網|址=https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/admiral-shares|題=Admiral Shares Help Keep Your Costs Under Control|出版=Vanguard|日=2020-04-09}}</ref>。總部設於[[費城]]近郊瑪爾文,分號散布[[夏洛特 (北卡羅來納州)|夏洛特]]、[[達拉斯]]、[[華盛頓哥倫比亞特區|華府]]、[[斯科茨代爾]]諸地,旁及[[加拿大]]、[[澳大利亞]],東至[[亞細亞|亞洲]],西暨[[歐羅巴洲|歐陸]]<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.ft.com/content/74b8a59b-d596-46fa-83fd-e3702d057581|題=The Vanguard Group: Global Operations|出版=Financial Times|見=2025-12-13}}</ref>。 == 贊煙之譏 == [[二〇二一年]]三月,先鋒結理財諸司七十餘家之盟,誓所投眾企於[[二〇六〇年]]臻[[淨零排放|淨零之境]],遙與[[巴黎協定]]相應<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-investors-idUSKBN2BL0AX|題=Investors BlackRock, Vanguard join net zero effort|出版=Reuters|日=2021-03-29}}</ref>。 然同歲所統之資,多沃[[化石燃料|煤油之產]],益亂天時之常;智利之[[ENAP Sipetrol|國油]]、[[中國石油天然氣集團公司|中國石油]]、厄瓜多之[[Petroamazonas|亞馬油]]之屬,皆列其中<ref name=":0">{{引網|著=Peterson, Laura|址=https://amazonwatch.org/assets/files/2021-investing-in-amazon-crude-ii.pdf|題=Investing in Amazon Crude II|出版=Amazon Watch|日=2021-06-01}}</ref>。 是歲也,投煤業之金,至少八百六十億美元,雄冠寰宇<ref>{{引網|址=https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry|題=Groundbreaking Research Reveals the Financiers of the Coal Industry|出版=Urgewald e.V.|見=2022-09-03|引月日=2026-05-10|archivedate=2025-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211072214/https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/groundbreaking-research-reveals-financiers-coal-industry}}</ref>;資[[亞馬遜雨林]]油企之數,債則二十六億,股則九十六億焉<ref name=":0"/>。 誓淨零於前,資煙煤於後;前言後行,乖違遠甚,識者譏焉。 == 兼查 == *[[共同基金]] *[[指數基金]] *[[交易所交易基金]] *[[貝萊德]] *[[道富集團]] *[[約翰柏格]] == 注釋 == {{reflist}} == 它典 == *[https://www.vanguard.com 先鋒集團] [[Category:美國史]] loqvqjoylhuq9tlijfjr03tu07lykbl 項家達 0 138204 441473 441393 2026-05-28T07:50:40Z BK197 118481 441473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{文未準|引據未準}} '''項家達''',江西南康府星子縣(現廬山市海會鎮)人,清臣也。 項氏世業儒。祖父元起,康熙間秀才;父鳴鳳,雍正間副貢生,祀南康府鄉賢祠。<ref>{{cite web |title=仁宗睿皇帝實錄 |url=https://www.shidianguji.com/book/LS0027/chapter/1kenu8v813leu |website=識典古籍 |access-date=2026-05-26 |language=zh-hant }}</ref> 乾隆三十三年舉人,三十六年進士,殿試二甲二十五名。<ref>{{cite web |title=大清高宗純皇帝實錄 卷八百八十四 |url=https://www.shidianguji.com/book/LS0027/chapter/1kentsmll5x56 |website=識典古籍 |access-date=2026-05-26 |language=zh-hant }}</ref> 既入翰林,歷典四川鄉試,提督山西學政,終太常寺少卿。<ref>{{cite web |title=国朝御史题名录 |url=https://www.shidianguji.com/book/CADAL02087301/chapter/1lcs351wojg3a |website=识典古籍 |access-date=2026-05-06 |language=zh-hans }}</ref> 嘗輯《初唐四傑集》行世。<ref>{{cite web |title=初唐四杰集相关资料 |url=http://mylib.nlc.cn/allSearch/searchDetail?fid=GBZX0301013448&indexName=data_892&searchType=10024&showType=1 |website=中国国家图书馆 |access-date=2026-05-06 |language=zh-hans }}</ref> ==參考資料== <references /> a8u8nfhespav1pazi00sjglvo8f29ap 用戶討論:Đậu Huy Minh 3 138210 441427 2026-05-28T00:56:55Z Dr-Taher 69231 Dr-Taher遷頁[[用戶討論:Đậu Huy Minh]]至[[用戶討論:Xuân thiên lạc diệp thu khai hoa]]:當重新命名使用者「[[Special:CentralAuth/Đậu Huy Minh|Đậu Huy Minh]]」至「[[Special:CentralAuth/Xuân thiên lạc diệp thu khai hoa|Xuân thiên lạc diệp thu khai hoa]]」時自動移動頁面 441427 wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[用戶討論:Xuân thiên lạc diệp thu khai hoa]] f0i7ll7yptibsbi2ax890bmyjhrjwxz 用戶討論:Charlie3012v 3 138211 441437 2026-05-28T01:49:27Z Dr-Taher 69231 Dr-Taher遷頁[[用戶討論:Charlie3012v]]至[[用戶討論:RYT3012]]:當重新命名使用者「[[Special:CentralAuth/Charlie3012v|Charlie3012v]]」至「[[Special:CentralAuth/RYT3012|RYT3012]]」時自動移動頁面 441437 wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[用戶討論:RYT3012]] 31r9554vh46wt4s6ls0wz0c6s6ouav9 河南 0 138212 441442 2026-05-28T01:53:01Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 逆襲のあまのじゃく遷頁[[河南]]至[[河南 (釋義)]] 441442 wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[河南 (釋義)]] 7oxn27jbj7t4faslt263xi3xoods77i 441443 441442 2026-05-28T01:53:12Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 // Edit via Wikiplus 441443 wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[河南省]] 3tn9ex7qasa30179svfa3xt57ss4try 模組:議論/doc 828 138213 441445 2026-05-28T01:57:07Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 新文「{{軟重定向|zh:Module:Talkpage}}」 441445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{軟重定向|zh:Module:Talkpage}} pksqwxnobeor4kwjern2y9xvp32srpa 雅典娜 0 138214 441451 2026-05-28T02:16:07Z Athena241 118641 抱歉,太久沒接觸文言文了,請幫我修一下,謝謝! 441451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''雅典娜''',希臘之女神也,乃智慧、干戈、手工藝之女神,傳其誕生於[[宙斯]]之頭顱,因[[蓋婭]]對宙斯與其妻[[墨提斯]]曰:「汝之初子為女兒,智慧與力量匹敵於宙斯,次子為男兒,將篡宙斯之王位也。」,宙斯聞之,勃然大怒,遂吞墨提斯,墨提斯遂打造甲冑與長毛於其女,但宙斯頭痛難忍,遂派[[赫淮斯托斯]]用斧劈其頭,一女遂誕生,此即雅典娜。雅典娜與[[波賽頓]]爭希臘首都之名,其大勝波賽頓,因村民曰橄欖樹強於馬,故希臘之首都名為[[雅典]]。 tkp8oosjpvkrydhi7p7ltmo6hjz8uh9 441453 441451 2026-05-28T02:17:29Z Athena241 118641 441453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''雅典娜''',希臘之女神也,乃智慧、干戈、手工藝之女神,傳其誕生於[[宙斯]]之頭顱,因[[蓋婭]]對宙斯與其妻[[墨提斯]]曰:「汝之初子為女兒,智慧與力量匹敵於宙斯,次子為男兒,將篡宙斯之王位也。」,宙斯聞之,勃然大怒,遂吞墨提斯,墨提斯遂打造甲冑與長毛於其女,但宙斯頭痛難忍,遂派[[赫淮斯托斯]]用斧劈其頭,一女遂誕生,此即雅典娜。雅典娜與[[波賽頓]]爭希臘首都之名,其大勝波賽頓,因村民曰橄欖樹強於馬,故希臘之首都名為[[雅典]]。 [[File:Mattei_Athena_Louvre_Ma530_n2.jpg|thumb|雅典娜原像,藏於希臘]] [[Category:古希臘史]] kyzhhy6kcgkud6of20kdt2oklymtqma 用戶:逆襲のあまのじゃく/印 2 138215 441462 2026-05-28T03:12:11Z 逆襲のあまのじゃく 116879 改爲模板 441462 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style=" border-radius: 4px; border: 4px solid red; height: 60px; width: 60px; position: relative; "><div style=" position: absolute; width: 36px; border-left: 4px 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